Handling of requests for importance-based packet data discard functions
By dynamically adjusting the uplink data split threshold and activating/deactivating the PSI-based SDU discard function based on requests from both RLC entities, the solution optimizes data handling in congested networks, improving efficiency and reducing unnecessary data discard.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2024/077275
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-02-16
- Publication Date
- 2025-08-21
AI Technical Summary
Current 3GPP specifications lack efficient mechanisms for handling importance-based packet data discard functions in congested networks, particularly in dual connectivity scenarios where only one path requests activation of the PSI-based SDU discard function, leading to inefficient data handling.
The proposed solution involves adjusting the uplink data split threshold and activating or deactivating the PSI-based SDU discard function based on requests from both primary and secondary RLC entities, ensuring data is routed through less congested paths by setting the uplink data split threshold to either a split-forcing or split-inhibiting configuration.
This approach optimizes data traffic distribution by reducing congestion on busy paths and ensuring critical data is not discarded unnecessarily, enhancing network efficiency and user experience, especially for high-data-rate services like XR.
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Figure CN2024077275_21082025_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
HANDLING OF REQUESTS FOR IMPORTANCE-BASED PACKET DATA DISCARD FUNCTIONS
[0001] TECHNOLOGICAL FIELD
[0002] Examples of the disclosure relate to handling of requests for importance-based packet data discard functions. Some relate to apparatuses, methods, and computer programs for handling of requests for importance-based packet data discard functions in a Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) network.BACKGROUND
[0003] In the current 3GPP specification, Protocol Data Unit (PDU) Set Importance (PSI) identifies the relative importance of a PDU Set compared to other PDU Sets within a same Quality of Service (QoS) flow.
[0004] In case of congestion, the gNodeB (gNB) may use the PSI for discarding.
[0005] For uplink, dedicated downlink signalling is used to request the User Equipment (UE) to activate or deactivate a data importance-based Service Data Unit (SDU) discard function. If activated, the UE applies a shorter discard timer than a default discard timer to low importance SDUs in the Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) .
[0006] The discard timer determines how long the transmitting PDCP entity should wait for confirmation of successful SDU delivery from the receiving PDCP entity before discarding one or more PDCP SDUs belonging to the PDU Set. Therefore, a shorter discard timer for low importance SDUs will cause low importance SDUs to be discarded more readily to alleviate congestion.
[0007] Further improvements in data traffic management are desirable.
[0008] BRIEF SUMMARY
[0009] According to various, but not necessarily all, examples there is provided an apparatus comprising means for:
[0010] receiving, in a User Equipment, UE, a request to activate or deactivate a data importance-based Service Data Unit, SDU, discard function;
[0011] determining whether, accounting for the request, activation of the data importance-based SDU discard function remains requested by one or more lower layers than a Packet Data Convergence Protocol, PDCP, layer;
[0012] setting the data importance-based SDU discard function to an activated or deactivated state, or inhibiting its activation, based on the determination; and / or
[0013] setting an uplink data split threshold based on the determination.
[0014] In some but not necessarily all examples, when the received request is for activation, and in dependence on the determination indicating that activation remains singly requested by a protocol entity associated with a primary RLC entity, the setting of the data importance-based SDU discard function comprises deactivation or inhibiting activation, and the setting of the uplink data split threshold comprises setting the uplink data split threshold to a split-forcing configuration.
[0015] In some but not necessarily all examples, when the received request is for activation, and in dependence on the determination indicating that activation remains singly requested by a protocol entity associated with a split secondary RLC entity, the setting of the data importance-based SDU discard function comprises deactivation or inhibiting activation, and the setting of the uplink data split threshold comprises setting the uplink data split threshold to a split-inhibiting configuration.
[0016] In some but not necessarily all examples, when the received request is for activation, and in dependence on the determination indicating that activation remains requested by a protocol entity associated with a primary RLC entity and a protocol entity associated with a split secondary RLC entity, the setting of the data importance-based SDU discard function comprises activation.
[0017] In some but not necessarily all examples, when the received request is for activation, and in dependence on the determination indicating that activation remains requested by a protocol entity associated with a primary RLC entity and a protocol entity associated with a split secondary RLC entity, a Radio Resource Control, RRC, configuration of the uplink data split threshold is retained or re-adopted.
[0018] In some but not necessarily all examples, when the received request is for deactivation, and in dependence on the determination indicating that activation is no longer requested by lower layers than the PDCP layer, an upper-layer configuration of the uplink data split threshold is adopted or re-adopted.
[0019] In some but not necessarily all examples, the one or more lower layers include a protocol entity associated with at least a primary RLC, wherein the apparatus comprises means for identifying a considered value of the uplink data split threshold, and wherein the setting of the data importance-based based SDU discard function is further based on the identified considered value of the uplink data split threshold.
[0020] In some but not necessarily all examples, in dependence on the received request being for activation, and the determination indicating that activation remains singly requested by the protocol entity associated with the primary RLC, and the identified considered value of the uplink data split threshold being a split-forcing value, the setting of the data importance-based SDU discard function comprises activation.
[0021] In some but not necessarily all examples, in dependence on the received request being for activation, and the determination indicating that activation remains singly requested by the protocol entity associated with the primary RLC, and the identified considered value of the uplink data split threshold being a split-forcing value, the uplink data split threshold is set to a Radio Resource Control, RRC, configured value.
[0022] In some but not necessarily all examples, in dependence on the identified considered value of the uplink data split threshold being an RRC-configured split-inhibiting value, and the received request being for activation, and the determination indicating that activation remains singly requested by the protocol entity associated with the primary RLC, the setting of the data importance-based SDU discard function comprises activation, and wherein when the identified considered value of the uplink data split threshold is an RRC-configured split-inhibiting value, requests for activation of the data importance-based SDU discard function by a layer associated with a split secondary RLC are ignored.
[0023] In some but not necessarily all examples, in dependence on the received request being for activation, and the determination indicating that activation remains singly requested by the protocol entity associated with the primary RLC, and the identified considered value of the uplink data split threshold being an RRC-configured split-inhibiting configuration, the identified RRC split-inhibiting value of the uplink data split threshold is retained.
[0024] In some but not necessarily all examples, in dependence on the received request being for activation, and the determination indicating that activation remains singly requested by the protocol entity associated with the primary RLC, and the identified considered value of the uplink data split threshold being between split-forcing and split-inhibiting values, the setting of the data importance-based SDU discard function comprises deactivation or inhibiting activation, and the setting of the uplink data split threshold comprises setting the uplink data split threshold to a split-forcing configuration.
[0025] According to various, but not necessarily all, examples there is provided an apparatus comprising means for:
[0026] receiving, in a User Equipment, UE, a request to activate or deactivate a data importance-based based Service Data Unit, SDU, discard function; and
[0027] setting the data importance-based SDU discard function to an activated or deactivated state in dependence on the request, and on a considered value of an uplink data split threshold.
[0028] In some but not necessarily all examples, in dependence on the considered value of the uplink data split threshold being a split-forcing configuration, the setting of the data importance-based SDU discard function comprises activation.
[0029] In some but not necessarily all examples, in dependence on the considered value of the uplink data split threshold being the split-forcing configuration, the uplink data split threshold is set to a Radio Resource Control, RRC, configured value.
[0030] In some but not necessarily all examples, in dependence on the considered value of the uplink data split threshold being an RRC-configured split-inhibiting configuration, the setting of the data importance-based SDU discard function comprises activation.
[0031] In some but not necessarily all examples, in dependence on the considered value of the uplink data split threshold being the RRC-configured split-inhibiting value, the RRC configuration of the uplink data split threshold is retained.
[0032] In some but not necessarily all examples, in dependence on the considered value of the uplink data split threshold being between split-forcing and split-inhibiting values, the setting of the data importance-based SDU discard function is further dependent on a condition. In some, but not necessarily all examples, the condition comprises determining whether, accounting for the request, activation of the data importance-based SDU discard function remains requested by one or more lower layers than the PDCP layer.
[0033] In some but not necessarily all examples, the data importance-based SDU discard function applies a discard timer with a duration shorter than a default discard timer.
[0034] In some but not necessarily all examples, the uplink data split threshold sets an uplink data volume above which a split bearer PDCP in the PDCP layer is permitted to submit uplink data to both primary and split secondary RLC entities, and below which the split bearer PDCP is forced to submit uplink data to a primary RLC entity.
[0035] According to various, but not necessarily all, examples there is provided a system comprising the apparatus, and a network entity configured to initiate transmission of the request to the apparatus.
[0036] According to various, but not necessarily all, examples there is provided a method comprising:
[0037] receiving, in a User Equipment, UE, a request to activate or deactivate a data importance-based Service Data Unit, SDU, discard function;
[0038] determining whether, accounting for the request, activation of the data importance-based SDU discard function remains requested by one or more lower layers than a Packet Data Convergence Protocol, PDCP, layer;
[0039] setting the data importance-based SDU discard function to an activated or deactivated state, or inhibiting its activation, based on the determination; and / or setting an uplink data split threshold based on the determination.
[0040] According to various, but not necessarily all, examples there is provided a method comprising:
[0041] receiving, in a User Equipment, UE, a request to activate or deactivate a data importance-based based Service Data Unit, SDU, discard function; and
[0042] setting the data importance-based SDU discard function to an activated or deactivated state in dependence on the request, and on a Radio Resource Control, RRC, configuration of an uplink data split threshold.
[0043] According to various, but not necessarily all, examples there is provided a computer program comprising instructions which, when executed by an apparatus, cause the apparatus to perform at least a part of one or more methods described herein.
[0044] According to various, but not necessarily all, examples there is provided a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium comprising instructions which, when executed by an apparatus, cause the apparatus to perform at least a part of one or more methods described herein.
[0045] According to various, but not necessarily all, embodiments there is provided an apparatus comprising:
[0046] at least one processor; and
[0047] at least one memory including computer program code;
[0048] the at least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the apparatus to perform at least a part of one or more methods described herein.
[0049] According to various, but not necessarily all, embodiments there is provided an apparatus comprising means for performing at least part of one or more methods described herein. The description of a function and / or action should additionally be considered to also disclose any means suitable for performing that function and / or action. Functions and / or actions described herein can be performed in any suitable way using any suitable method.
[0050] According to various, but not necessarily all, embodiments there is provided examples as claimed in the appended claims.
[0051] While the above examples of the disclosure and optional features are described separately, it is to be understood that their provision in all possible combinations and permutations is contained within the disclosure. It is to be understood that various examples of the disclosure can comprise any or all the features described in respect of other examples of the disclosure, and vice versa. Also, it is to be appreciated that any one or more or all the features, in any combination, may be implemented by / comprised in / performable by an apparatus, a method, and / or computer program instructions as desired, and as appropriate. The description of a function should additionally be considered to also disclose any means suitable for performing that function.
[0052] BRIEF DESCRIPTION
[0053] Some examples will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
[0054] FIG. 1 shows an example of the subject matter described herein;
[0055] FIG. 2 shows another example of the subject matter described herein;
[0056] FIG. 3 shows another example of the subject matter described herein;
[0057] FIG. 4 shows another example of the subject matter described herein;
[0058] FIG. 5 shows another example of the subject matter described herein;
[0059] FIG. 6 shows another example of the subject matter described herein;
[0060] FIG. 7 shows another example of the subject matter described herein;
[0061] FIG. 8 shows another example of the subject matter described herein;
[0062] FIG. 9 shows another example of the subject matter described herein;
[0063] FIG. 10 shows another example of the subject matter described herein;
[0064] DEFINITIONS 3GPP Third Generation Partnership Project BSR Buffer Status Report DC Dual Connectivity eNB evolved NodeB (LTE) E-UTRAN Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network gNB Next-Generation NodeB (5G) gNB-CU gNB Central Unit gNB-DU gNB Distributed Unit MAC Medium Access Control MAC CE MAC Control Element MCG Master Cell Group MME Mobility Management Entity MN Master Node NG-RAN Next-Generation Radio Access Network NR New Radio Pcell Primary Cell PDCP Packet Data Convergence Protocol PDU Protocol Data Unit PHY Physical Layer PSCell Primary Secondary Cell PSI PDU Set Importance PSIHI PDU Set Integrated Handling Information QoS Quality of Service RAT Radio Access Technology RLC Radio Link Control RRC Radio Resource Control RTP Real-time Transport Protocol Scell Secondary Cell SCG Secondary Cell Group SDU Service Data Unit SN Secondary Node UE User Equipment XR eXtended RealityDETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0065] FIG 1 illustrates an example of a network 100 comprising a plurality of network nodes including terminal nodes 110, access nodes 120 and one or more core nodes 129. The terminal nodes 110 and access nodes 120 communicate with each other. The one or more core nodes 129 communicate with the access nodes 120.
[0066] The network 100 is in this example a radio telecommunications network, in which at least some of the terminal nodes 110 and access nodes 120 communicate with each other using transmission / reception of radio waves.
[0067] The one or more core nodes 129 may, in some examples, communicate with each other. The one or more access nodes 120 may, in some examples, communicate with each other.
[0068] The network 100 may be a cellular network comprising a plurality of cells 122 each served by an access node 120. In this example, the interface between the terminal nodes 110 and an access node 120 defining a cell 122 is a wireless interface 124.
[0069] The access node 120 is a cellular radio transceiver. The terminal nodes 110 are cellular radio transceivers.
[0070] In the example illustrated the cellular network 100 is a third generation Partnership Project (3GPP) network in which the terminal nodes 110 are user equipment (UE) and the access nodes 120 are base stations.
[0071] In the particular example illustrated, the network 100 is a Next Generation (or New Radio, NR) Radio Access network (NG-RAN) . The NG-RAN consists of gNodeBs (gNBs) 120, providing the user plane and control plane (RRC) protocol terminations towards the UE 110. The gNBs 120 are interconnected with each other by means of an X2 / Xn interface 126. The gNBs are also connected by means of the N2 interface 128 to the Access and Mobility management Function (AMF) .
[0072] In other examples, the network 100 is an Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access network (E-UTRAN) . The E-UTRAN consists of E-UTRAN NodeBs (eNBs) 120, providing the E-UTRA user plane and control plane (RRC) protocol terminations towards the UE 110. The eNBs 120 are interconnected with each other by means of an X2 interface 126. The eNBs are also connected by means of the S1 interface 128 to the Mobility Management Entity (MME) 129.
[0073] In some examples, the network 100 can comprise a combination of E-UTRAN and NG-RAN.
[0074] A user equipment comprises a mobile equipment. Where reference is made to user equipment that reference includes and encompasses, wherever possible, a reference to mobile equipment.
[0075] FIG. 2 illustrates an example of a dual connectivity session at part of the network 100 comprising a terminal node 110 which is a UE 110 and two network nodes 120 which are a master node (MN) 120_1 and a secondary node (SN) 120_2.
[0076] In DC, the UE 110 has contemporaneous connections to the MN 120_1 and the SN 120_2.
[0077] In DC, the configured set of serving cells for a UE 110 has two subsets: a master cell group (MCG) 202 containing the serving cells of the MN 120_1, and a secondary cell group (SCG) 208 containing the serving cells of the SN 120_2.
[0078] The MN 120_1 is the network node 120 that provides control plane connectivity towards the core network. The SN 120_2 is the network node 120 that provides additional radio resources for the UE 110 and may also serve for reliability and load balancing. The SN 120_2 may or may not have a connection with the core network.
[0079] The MCG 202 comprises a primary cell (PCell) 204 for uplink / downlink connection to the MN 120_1. In some examples, the PCell 204 is the cell of the MCG 202 used to initiate initial access to the MN 120_1 by the UE 110, for example using a random- access procedure. The MCG 202 may optionally comprise one or more secondary cells (SCells) 206.
[0080] Similarly, the SCG 208 comprises a primary secondary cell (PSCell) 210 for uplink / downlink connection to the SN 120_2. In some examples, the PSCell 210 is the cell of the SCG used to initiate initial access to the SN 120_2 by the UE 110, for example using a random-access procedure. The SCG 208 may optionally comprise one or more secondary cells (SCells) 212.
[0081] FIG. 3 illustrates an example of a node 120 (e.g., gNB) configured to implement a RAT (e.g., NR) . In this example, the node 120 has a disaggregated (split) architecture. The gNB 120 comprises one or more distributed units (gNB-DU) 20 and a centralized unit (gNB-CU) 10. An apparatus 2 is configured to implement the functionality of at least part of a node 120_2 such as a gNB-CU, and / or one or more gNB-DUs, or the whole gNB.
[0082] The gNB-CU 10 is a logical node configured to host at least the RRC and PDCP protocols of the gNB 120. The gNB-CU 10 controls the operation of one or more gNB-DUs 20. The gNB-DU 20 is a logical node configured to host a RLC layer, a MAC layer and PHY layer of the access node (gNB) 120. The gNB-DU 20 communicates via a dedicated interface (F1) to the RRC layer hosted by the gNB-CU.
[0083] One gNB-DU 20 can support one or multiple cells (not illustrated in the figure) . One cell is supported by one gNB-DU 20.
[0084] The MN 120_1 and SN 120_2 may each be a gNB node 120 as shown in FIG. 3. It would be appreciated that the MN 120_1 and SN 120_2 could implement the same RAT or different RATs.
[0085] Furthermore, it would be appreciated that DC can also take place between DUs 20 within a single gNB 120.
[0086] FIG. 4 illustrates an example of split bearers 402, 402_1, 402_2, used for dual connectivity.
[0087] From the UE’s perspective, there are three dual connectivity bearer types: MCG bearers (not shown) ; SCG bearers (not shown) , and split bearers 402 as shown in FIG. 4.
[0088] Split bearers are data radio bearers which terminate in either the MN 120_1 or the SN 120_2. They are end to end tunnels terminating at the PDCP layer comprising PDCP entities 404_1, 404_2, 414 of the user plane protocol stack.
[0089] The user plane protocol stack includes the PDCP layer comprising PDCP entities 404_1, 404_2, 414, the RLC layers comprising RLC entities 406_1, 406_2, 412_1, 412_2 below the PDCP layer, and the MAC layers comprising MAC entities 408_1, 408_2, 410_1, 410_2 below the RLC layer. The control plane comprises the RRC layer (not shown) above the PDCP layer, which is responsible for configuring the lower layers.
[0090] In contrast to MCG bearers, which exclusively use RLC and MAC layers of the user plane protocol stack in the MN 120_1, and SCG bearers, which exclusively use RLC and MAC layers of the user plane protocol stack in the SN 120_2, split bearers 402 use the lower layers 406_1, 408_1, 406_2, 408_2 in both the MN 120_1 and the SN 120_2.
[0091] MN-terminated split bearers 402_1 have a PDCP 404_1 in the MN 120_1. SN-terminated split bearers 402_2 have a PDCP 404_2 in the SN 120_2. The user data which is to be communicated over the split bearer 402_1, 402_2 is split into two paths: one via the lower layers 406_1, 408_1 of the user plane protocol stack in the MN 120_1 and the other via the lower layers 406_2, 408_2 of the user plane protocol stack in the SN 120_2. This produces a split bearer part communicated via the MCG 202 and a split bearer part communicated via the SCG 208. The splitting of the user data between the split bearer parts occurs at the PDCP layer.
[0092] Some PDCP PDUs from the PDCP 404_1 in the MN 120_1 are routed to the lower layers 406_1, 408_1 of the user plane protocol stack in the MN 120_1, whereas others are routed to the lower layers 406_2, 408_2 of the user plane protocol stack in the SN 120_2 via a MN-SN user plane interface such as the X2 / Xn interface 126.
[0093] Likewise, some PDCP PDUs from the PDCP 404_2 in the SN 120_2 are routed to the lower layers 406_2, 408_2 of the user plane protocol stack in the SN 120_2 whereas other are routed to the lower layers 406_1, 408_1 of the user plane protocol stack in the MN 120_1 via the MN-SN user plane interface 126.
[0094] At the UE 110, the split bearer part communicated via the MCG 202 is received by first MAC entity 410_1 and RLC entity 412_1 and the split bearer part communicated via the SCG 208 is received by second MAC entity 410_2 and RLC entity 412_2. The PDCP PDUs are reordered at the PDCP layer in the UE 110.
[0095] At the UE 110, internal information may be transferred up the user plane protocol stack from lower layers of the user plane protocol stack 410_1, 410_2, 412_1, 412_2 to the PDCP layer to identify via which dual connectivity split bearer part a PDCP PDU is received.
[0096] For split bearer operation, the network can configure one of the bearer paths comprising the lower RLC and MAC layers beneath the PDCP, as a primary path 416_1 (primary leg) as labelled in FIG. 4. The other, non-primary path is a secondary path 416_2 (secondary leg) .
[0097] Either the RLC entity / layer 412_1 (MCG RLC) or the RLC entity / layer 412_2 (SCG RLC) can be configured as the primary RLC for a split bearer. In dual connectivity, the split secondary RLC entity 412_2 is the RLC entity other than the primary RLC entity which is responsible for split bearer operation. If the PDCP entity 414 is associated with two RLC entities 412_1, 412_2, the split secondary RLC entity 412_2 is the RLC entity other than the primary RLC entity 412_1. If the PDCP entity 414 is associated with more than two RLC entities, the split secondary RLC entity is configured by upper layers.
[0098] The UE 110 is restricted to the primary path 416_1 when uplink data volume is below an uplink data split threshold (ul-DataSplitThreshold) . However, the UE 110 is permitted to determine which path 416_1, 416_2 to use for uplink when the data volume is above the uplink data split threshold.
[0099] An example of calculating the data volume involves summing the total pending PDCP data volume and total pending RLC data volume pending for initial transmission. ‘Pending’ means waiting for initial transmission from the UE 110. If the sum is equal to or greater than the ul-DataSplitThreshold, then both paths can be used, i.e., uplink data splitting is performed.
[0100] Therefore, in an implementation, when the sum of total pending PDCP PDUs and RLC PDUs is less than ul-DataSplitThreshold, the UE 110 is constrained to submit a PDCP PDU to the primary RLC entity 412_1. However, when the sum is equal to or greater than ul-DataSplitThreshold, the UE 110 is permitted to submit the PDCP PDU to either the primary RLC entity 412_1 or the split secondary RLC entity 412_2. How the UE 110 decides this may be up to UE implementation.
[0101] If ul-DataSplitThreshold is exceeded, the UE 110 may also send an indication of the data volume to both the primary and split secondary MAC entities 412_1, 412_2. If not exceeded, the indication may not be sent to the split secondary MAC entity 412_2. The indication may be sent as part of a BSR, for example.
[0102] The network 100 and its functions set out in FIGS. 1-4 allow for various types of high-speed internet services, some of which are described as enhancements in 3GPP standards. For example, eXtended Reality (XR) Services are summarised in TR 38.835. The term XR covers Virtual Reality (VR) , Augmented Reality (AR) , and Mixed Reality (MR) . XR services require high data rates and low latency communications, in order to provide users with an immersive experience.
[0103] The nodes 120 of the network 100 may be configured for XR Awareness. XR Awareness refers to the network’s ability to automatically detect that XR PDUs are being transmitted, and optimise radio resource scheduling in dependence on the XR Awareness. XR Awareness relies on the nodes 120 being configured to process PDU Sets, and to process Data Bursts, among other things.
[0104] A PDU Set comprises one or more PDUs carrying the payload of one unit of information generated at application level. For example, a PDU Set can comprise one or more frames or video slices for XR Services. A Data Burst refers to a set of PDUs belonging to one or more PDU Sets, that are generated and sent by an application over a short period of time.
[0105] For downlink traffic, the UPF can identify PDUs that belong to PDU Sets, and may indicate to the gNB the following PDU Set Information in a tunnelling protocol message header:
[0106] - PDU Set Sequence Number;
[0107] - Indication of an End PDU of the PDU Set;
[0108] - PDU Sequence Number within a PDU Set;
[0109] - PDU Set Size; and
[0110] - PDU Set Importance (PSI) , which identifies the relative importance of a PDU Set compared to other PDU Sets within the same QoS Flow.
[0111] PDU Set marking of some or all of the above PDU Set Information, can be performed by a Real-Time transport Protocol (RTP) sender, such as an Application Server, a sender UE 110 that sends media to an RTP receiver such as a UE, or other network components. The PDU Set Information may be embedded within an RTP Header Extension (RTP HE) . For instance, a PSI field can comprise a plurality of bits, allowing a plurality of importance levels to be defined.
[0112] For uplink traffic from a UE 110, the UE 110 may be configured to perform PDU Set Marking, or identify PDU Set Information from already-marked RTP header extensions. How this is performed is left up to UE implementation, but when possible for a QoS flow, the UE 110 can indicate this information to the gNB 120_2 via UE Assistance Information.
[0113] Most examples of the present disclosure refer to the handling of PSI for uplink traffic, by at least the UE.
[0114] PSI is useful because it is better to discard less important packets than random packets, in congested situations. Therefore, packets that are critical for a media stream, such as an XR stream, should not be discarded if possible.
[0115] How SDUs are identified as low importance is a matter of UE implementation. When a PSI is available, the PSI may classify PDCP SDUs of a PDU Set according to guidelines specified in 3GPP Rel. 18 TS 26.522 V0.3.0 (2024-01) , Section 4.2.6 (Guidelines for PDU Set Marking) .
[0116] In some examples, the PSI may assign a higher importance (lower PSI value) to a PDU Set that contains audio data than PDU Sets that contain other media types. In some examples, the PSI may assign a higher importance to a PDU Set that contains one or more reference frames present in a video bitstream compared with PDU Sets that consist of non-reference frames. In some examples, the PSI depends on which video codec is associated with the PDU Set, and further depends on the header information within the video codec.
[0117] For PDU Sets, various QoS Parameters can be implemented, including but not limited to PDU Set Integrated Handling Information (PSIHI) . PSIHI indicates whether all PDUs of a PDU Set are required by the application layer in the receiver side. PSIHI is an optional parameter in the QoS profile of a QoS flow.
[0118] When the PSIHI indicates that all PDUs of a PDU Set are required, then as soon as one PDU of a PDU Set is known to be lost, the remaining PDUs of that PDU Set may be discarded at the transmitting device, such as the UE 110, to free up radio resources. This is because they are assumed to be no longer required by the application. However, this assumption may not always be correct. For example, Forward Error Correction (FEC) may allow recovery without the remaining PDUs.
[0119] For the uplink, the UE 110 may be configured with a PDU Set-based discard function / operation. When the PDU Set-based discard operation is configured in the UE 110, the UE 110 discards all of the packets in a PDU Set when one PDU belonging to the PDU Set is discarded due to discard timer expiry.
[0120] Additionally, or alternatively, for the uplink, the UE 110 may be configured with a PSI-based SDU discard function.
[0121] PDU Set-based discarding and PSI-based discarding are features that may apply independently of each other.
[0122] A PSI-based SDU discard function in the present context is a function that selects a shorter discard timer for discarding low-importance SDUs (discardTimerForLowImportance) in the PDCP entity 414 than a legacy / default discard timer (discardTimer) for discarding SDUs, that the UE 110 is also configured with.
[0123] In case of congestion, the gNB 120_2 may be configured to send a signal (e.g., MAC CE) to the UE 110, requesting the UE 110 to activate a data importance-based SDU discard function (data prioritisation function) configured in the UE 110, such as the PSI-based SDU discard function described above.
[0124] When the transmitting UE 110 receives a congestion indication such as a request from the gNB 120_2 (PSI-based SDU discard Activation / Deactivation MAC CE) , the UE 110 applies the discardTimerForLowImportance to the low importance data. The UE 110 continues to apply the longer legacy discardTimer to the other data not flagged as low-importance data.
[0125] In other words, the UE 110 is configured to determine a discard timer for an SDU in dependence on whether a PSI-based SDU discard function is requested, and in dependence on a PSI associated with the SDU.
[0126] In other words, the UE 110 may be configured with a first discard timer (discardTimer) and a second shorter discard timer (discardTimerForLowImportance) , and is configured to select which one of the first and second discard timers to apply for an SDU, in dependence on whether a PSI-based SDU discard function has been requested, and in dependence on a PSI associated with the SDU.
[0127] The durations of each of the discardTimerForLowImportance and the discardTimer may be pre-configured in the UE 110, for example by RRC.
[0128] The duration of discardTimerForLowImportance may be configurable from 0 milliseconds to 100 milliseconds, while being shorter than discardTimer.
[0129] Optionally, the PSI-based SDU discard Activation / Deactivation MAC CE request from the network can be implemented as a one-octet indication of whether the discardTimerForLowImportance should be activated (set to an activated state) by the transmitting PDCP or not. The request may identify which one or more DRBs of a plurality of DRBs are requested to activate the PSI-based SDU discard function.
[0130] When discardTimerForLowImportance is configured in the UE 110, the UE 110 may determine whether to apply the discardTimerForLowImportance or the legacy discardTimer to SDUs, in dependence on whether a PSI associated with the SDU or PDU Set exceeds a PSI threshold. Which timer is used may depend on whether the PSI is greater than or less than the threshold. The threshold value of PSI for discriminating between important and low-importance data is down to UE implementation.
[0131] In an implementation, at reception of a PDCP SDU at the PDCP entity 414 from upper layers, the transmitting PDCP entity 414 shall:
[0132] - if discardTimerForLowImportance is configured in the PDCP entity 414 and the PSI-based SDU discard function is activated, and the PDCP SDU belongs to a low importance PDU Set according to its PSI:
[0133] - start the discardTimerForLowImportance associated with this PDCP SDU;
[0134] else:
[0135] - start the legacy discardTimer associated with this PDCP SDU (if configured) .
[0136] When the successful delivery of a PDCP SDU is confirmed by PDCP status report from the receiving PDCP entity 404_1 or 404_2, the transmitting PDCP entity 414 discards the PDCP SDU along with the corresponding PDCP Data PDU.
[0137] However, when the discardTimer or discardTimerForLowImportance expires for a PDCP SDU before the associated PDCP status report is received, at least the PDCP SDU or associated PDU Set is discarded. In an implementation, the transmitting PDCP entity shall:
[0138] - if pdu-SetDiscard is configured, discard all PDCP SDUs belonging to the PDU Set to which the PDCP SDU belongs along with the corresponding PDCP Data PDUs, and along with PDCP SDUs subsequently received from the upper layers if they belong to the same PDU Set;
[0139] else:
[0140] - discard the PDCP SDU along with the corresponding PDCP Data PDU.
[0141] When the PSI-based SDU discard function is deactivated (set to a deactivated state) , for example via a changed bit (s) in a subsequent PSI-based SDU discard Activation / Deactivation MAC CE, only the legacy discardTimer applies.
[0142] For split bearers conveying an XR QoS flow or other QoS flow with a primary path and a secondary path to different nodes (e.g., MN 120_1 and SN 120_2) , where the two paths have their own RLC and MAC entities, it is currently unclear how a PSI-based / importance-based SDU discard function should work when only one path has requested activation of the PSI-based SDU discard function (via a PSI-Based SDU Discard Activation MAC CE) while the other path has not requested it (no PSI-Based SDU Discard Activation MAC CE has been received or a PSI-Based SDU Discard Deactivation MAC CE has been received) .
[0143] To demonstrate this, FIG. 5 illustrates a message sequence chart depicting the handling of a PSI-based SDU discard function request during split bearer connectivity, if it is handled in the same manner as a non-split bearer scenario.
[0144] FIG. 5 illustrates the UE 110 in split bearer communication with a first gNB-DU #1 20 (MCG or SCG of UE) , a second gNB-DU #2 20 (SCG or MCG of UE) , and a gNB-CU 10 (of UE’s MN or SN) . The operations 502-514 may represent steps of a method 500.
[0145] Operation 502 comprises the gNB-CU 10 transmitting to the UE 110 an RRCReconfiguration message, comprising primaryPath, ul-DataSplitThreshold, and discardTimerForLowImportance for UE’s split bearer.
[0146] Due to high data volumes exceeding ul-DataSplitThreshold, operations 504-506 comprise the UE sending uplink data to the gNB-DU #1 20 and gNB-DU #2 20, via the respective primary and split secondary MAC entities 412_1, 412_2.
[0147] Operation 508 comprises the gNB-DU #1 20 determining uplink congestion. How this is performed is outside the scope of this disclosure.
[0148] Operation 510 comprises the gNB-DU #1 20 transmitting to the UE 110 a PSI-Based SDU Discard Activation / Deactivation MAC CE, in this instance requesting that the UE 110 activates its PSI-based SDU discard function.
[0149] Operation 512 comprises a MAC entity 410_1 or 410_2 of the UE 110 indicating the activation request to the split bearer PDCP entity 414 of the UE 110. Which MAC entity 410_1, 410_2 is used depends on whether gNB-DU #1 20 has a bearer link with the UE 110 via the primary RLC entity 412_1 or the split secondary RLC entity 412_2.
[0150] Operation 514 comprises the split bearer PDCP entity 414 setting the shorter discardTimerForLowImportance to low-importance SDUs. The duration of the timer was set earlier at operation 502, by RRC.
[0151] As a consequence, the shorter timer is applied to low-importance SDUs regardless of whether the primary or secondary path is used, even though only the gNB-DU #1 20 is congested and requested use of the shorter timer. The other gNB-DU #2 20 may not be congested, and yet the shorter timer is still applied for SDUs transmitted to the gNB-DU #2 20.
[0152] For improved traffic handling in split bearer use cases, the present disclosure proposes improved handling of PSI-based discard, and provides FIG. 6 as an example. The operations 502-524 may represent steps of a method 600. In FIG. 6, operations 502-512 may be the same as those in FIG. 5.
[0153] In summary, operation 516 comprises the split bearer PDCP entity 414 altering the value of the ul-DataSplitThreshold, without applying the discardTimerForLowImportance. Effectively, this is a different action than the one requested by the PSI-Based SDU Discard Activation MAC CE.
[0154] As a higher priority, it is proposed for the UE 110 to adapt the distribution of uplink traffic on the split bearer 402 according to the congestion condition of each path 416_1, 416_2. This is achieved by changing the value of ul-DataSplitThreshold in use at PDCP entity 414 in the UE 110.
[0155] In a first use case, if the PSI-based SDU discard function is only requested by the primary path 416_1 (i.e. when a PSI-Based SDU Discard Activation MAC CE is received by the UE 110 at the primary MAC entity 410_1 and indicated to the PDCP entity 414 via RLC entity 412_1) , the UE 110 sets ul-DataSplitThreshold = 0 from the pre-existing finite RRC configured value, which forces data splitting. By setting ul-DataSplitThreshold to a split-forcing configuration (zero or similarly low or minimum value) , the UE 110 puts both the primary RLC entity 412_1 and split secondary RLC entity 412_2 (primary and secondary paths 416_1, 416_2) into use for uplink data.
[0156] A technical effect is that traffic volume on the congested primary path 416_1 can be reduced because more uplink data is sent to the less congested secondary path 416_2, due to lowering the ul-DataSplitThreshold. It may optionally no longer be necessary to activate the discardTimerForLowImportance at the PDCP entity 414 in response to the request from operation 510.
[0157] In an alternative implementation of the first use case, the UE may reconfigure the secondary path 416_2 as the primary path 416_1 until PSI-Based SDU Discard Deactivation MAC CE is received from the path 416_1. This has the similar technical effect of utilising the less congested secondary path.
[0158] In a second use case, the PSI-based SDU discard function is only requested by the secondary path 416_2 (i.e. when a PSI-Based SDU Discard Activation MAC CE is received by the UE 110 by the secondary MAC entity 410_2 at operation 510 and indicated to the PDCP entity 414 via RLC entity 412_1) . In this case, the UE 110 sets ul-DataSplitThreshold = infinity from the pre-existing finite RRC configured value. By setting ul-DataSplitThreshold to a split-inhibiting configuration (infinity or similarly high or maximum value) , the UE 110 forces use of the primary path 416_1 / primary RLC entity 412_1 for uplink data. The UE 110 therefore ceases to use the secondary path 416_2 for uplink data.
[0159] In a third use case shown in operations 508 to 524, the PSI-based SDU discard function is requested by both the primary and secondary paths 416_1, 416_2, for example one after the other. Operations 518-522 correspond to earlier-described operations 508-512, except the PSI-Based SDU Discard Activation MAC CE originates from the gNB-DU #2 20 instead of #1. In other words, both DUs 20 have detected uplink congestion and requested activation of the PSI-based SDU discard function by the UE 110. The UE 110 determines at operation 524 that activation requests are simultaneously active for both paths 416_1, 416_2. In this use case, at operation 524 the UE 110 does activate the discardTimerForLowImportance at the PDCP entity 414, as requested in operation 520. Because both paths are congested, modifying ul-DataSplitThreshold may have limited benefit, so activating the discardTimerForLowImportance may be a preferred form of traffic reduction.
[0160] In an alternative implementation of the third use case, the UE 110 selectively applies the discardTimerForLowImportance at the PDCP entity 414 when requested to by the primary path 416_1 (primary RLC entity 412_1) , but not when requested to by the secondary path 416_2 (split secondary RLC entity 412_2) .
[0161] Another use case is in which neither path 416_1, 416_2 requests the PSI-based SDU discard function. In this use case, the UE 110 retains the pre-existing RRC-configured ul-DataSplitThreshold and naturally does not apply the discardTimerForLowImportance.
[0162] A technical effect of the above logic is that optimized routing of uplink data (DataSplitThreshold) is treated as a first resort, and importance-based discarding of uplink data (discardTimerForLowImportance) is treated as a last or backup resort.
[0163] The UE’s 110 handling of the above use cases can be expressed as pseudo-code: For split DRBs, at reception by the PDCP layer of a network request to activate / deactivate a data importance-based (e.g., PSI-based) SDU discard function indicated up to the PDCP entity 414 from the lower layers (e.g., MAC and RLC) , the transmitting PDCP entity (UE 110) shall:
[0164] - if, accounting for the request, activation of PSI-based SDU discard function remains requested by the lower layers (MAC, RLC layers) associated with the primary RLC entity 412_1 only:
[0165] - deactivate PSI-based SDU discard function if not already deactivated (or inhibit [prevent] activation if already deactivated) ;
[0166] - consider (apply / set) ul-DataSplitThreshold as 0;
[0167] - else if, accounting for the request, activation of PSI-based SDU discard function remains requested by the lower layers (MAC, RLC layers) associated with the split secondary RLC entity 412_2 only:
[0168] - deactivate PSI-based SDU discard function if not already deactivated (or inhibit [prevent] activation if already deactivated) ;
[0169] - consider (apply / set) ul-DataSplitThreshold as infinity;
[0170] - else if, accounting for the request, activation of PSI-based SDU discard function remains requested by both the lower layers (MAC, RLC layers) associated with the primary RLC entity 412_1 and the lower layers (MAC, RLC layers) associated with the split secondary RLC entity 412_2:
[0171] - activate PSI-based SDU discard function if not already activated;
[0172] - consider (apply / set) ul-DataSplitThreshold as the value configured by upper layers (e.g., RRC) ;
[0173] - else if, accounting for the request, activation of PSI-based SDU discard does not remain requested by any lower layers (e.g., MAC, RLC) :
[0174] - deactivate PSI-based SDU discard function if not already deactivated (or inhibit [prevent] activation if already deactivated) ;
[0175] - consider (apply / set) ul-DataSplitThreshold as the value configured by upper layers.
[0176] It would be appreciated that the UE 110 may be configured for fewer than all four of the above use cases.
[0177] For the above use cases, the UE 110 / PDCP entity 414 is configured to determine whether, accounting for the request, activation of the function remains requested by the MAC and / or RLC layers, (e.g., the layers comprising the entities 410_1, 410_2, and 412_1, 412_2, respectively) . The determination may be dependent on an initial context based on one or more previously-received requests from either path 416_1, 416_2 / RLC entity 412_1, 412_2. Table 1 below provides examples of initial contexts, newly received requests, and the resulting determinations.
[0178] Table 1
[0179] There is a first possible exception to the above use cases, which the UE 110 may be configured for. When ul-DataSplitThreshold is configured to the UE 110 by RRC to be in a split-inhibiting configuration, meaning it is not configured in the UE 110 or has a value of infinity (which according to TS 38.331 is the same thing) , the request for activation of the PSI-based SDU discard function may be ignored by the UE 110 if it is received from the secondary path 416_2 / split secondary RLC entity 412_2. However, the UE 110 may always activate the function if the request is received from the primary path 416_1 / primary RLC entity 412_1.
[0180] The above use cases 1-3 and the exception are summarised in Table 2 below. Use cases 1B-4B represent the ‘possible exception’ described above. The ‘Request’ in Table 2 refers to the request for activating the function, received by the UE 110 (PSI-Based SDU Discard Activation / Deactivation MAC CE) received at the MAC entity and indicated to the PDCP.
[0181] Table 2
[0182] With the proposals above, if RRC has already configured ul-DataSplitThreshold = 0 (split-forcing configuration) , a PSI-Based SDU Discard Activation MAC CE received on the primary path 416_1 has no effect. Therefore, there is a second possible alternative or exception (not captured in Table 2) , which the UE 110 could be configured for: if the request for activating the PSI-based SDU discard function is only received from the primary path 416_1 when the UE 110 already considers ul-DataSplitThreshold = 0, the UE 110 may set the discardTimerForLowImportance and, beneficially, may also use the RRC-configured ul-DataSplitThreshold (which may or may not equal 0) . This is a further variant of use case 1.
[0183] This second exception also leads to the following behaviour in response to a deactivation request:
[0184] - RRC-configured ul-DataSplitThreshold = 0;
[0185] - Both legs already request activation of discardTimerForLowImportance (Use case 3) ;
[0186] - Now, the secondary path 416_2 requests deactivation of discardTimerForLowImportance;
[0187] - The UE 110 should not deactivate because ul-DataSplitThreshold = 0 (whereas Table 2 instead requires Use Case 1 -deactivation) .
[0188] The above exception allows a two-phased reaction to activation requests successively received on the primary path 416_1, where the first reaction is to consider ul-DataSplitThreshold = 0 (use case 1 as originally described) , and the second reaction is to apply the discardTimerForLowImportance at PDCP. A technical effect is that if the threshold-change has not helped to reduce congestion, the shorter timer will be set to provide secondary assistance.
[0189] In addition, to reduce the additional load on congested cells, the deactivation request (PSI-Based SDU Discard Deactivation MAC CE) may also carry an indication indicating which path 416_1, 416_2 (primary or secondary) the request applies to. This allows a non-congested path to transmit the MAC CE of the congested one. The signalling may cover the following alternatives: the MAC CE is for the path on which it is transmitted, the MAC CE is for the other path, or the MAC CE is for both (assuming two paths) . This can be done through different LCIDs and / or repurposing one or two Di bits from the already defined MAC CE.
[0190] FIG. 7 is a flowchart illustrating an example method 700. The method 700 may be a computer-implemented method. The method 700 may be implemented by the UE 110. The method may be implemented at the PDCP entity 414. The method 700 comprises:
[0191] - block 702: receiving, in a UE 110 a request (e.g., PSI-Based SDU Discard Activation / Deactivation MAC CE) to activate or deactivate a data importance-based SDU discard function (e.g., PSI-based SDU discard function, e.g., discardTimerForLowImportance) ;
[0192] - block 704: determining whether, accounting for the request, activation of the function remains requested (e.g., Table 1) by one or more lower layers (e.g., RLC and MAC layers in the UE 110) than a PCDP layer in the UE 110;
[0193] - block 706: setting the function to an activated or deactivated state, or inhibiting its activation, based on the determination (e.g., Table 2) ; and / or
[0194] - block 708: setting an uplink data split threshold based on the determination.
[0195] Various example use cases of the method 700 of FIG. 7 are described below.
[0196] When the received request at block 702 is for activation of the function:
[0197] - in dependence on block 704 determining that, accounting for the request, activation remains singly requested by the MAC entity 410_1 associated with the primary RLC entity 412_1 / primary path 416_1:
[0198] - block 706 comprises deactivation or inhibiting activation of the function, and
[0199] - block 708 comprises setting the uplink data split threshold to a split-forcing configuration (e.g., zero value) .
[0200] When the received request at block 702 is for activation of the function:
[0201] - in dependence on block 704 determining that, accounting for the request, activation remains singly requested by the MAC entity 410_2 associated with the split secondary RLC entity 412_2 / secondary path 416_2:
[0202] - block 706 comprises deactivation or inhibiting activation of the function, and
[0203] - block 708 comprises setting the uplink data split threshold to a split-inhibiting configuration (e.g., infinity value) .
[0204] When the received request at block 702 is for activation of the function:
[0205] - in dependence on block 704 determining that, accounting for the request, activation remains requested by the MAC entity 410_1 associated with the primary RLC entity 412_1 / primary path 416_1 and the MAC entity 410_2 associated with the split secondary RLC entity 412_2 / secondary path 416_2:
[0206] - block 706 comprises activation of the function if it is presently in the deactivated state, and maintaining activation of the function if it is already in the activated state, and optionally
[0207] - block 708 comprises retaining or re-adopting the RRC configuration of the uplink data split threshold.
[0208] When the received request at block 702 is for deactivation of the function:
[0209] - in dependence on block 704 determining that, accounting for the request, activation is no longer requested by any lower layer (s) than the PDCP layer, the request being via the primary or secondary path 416_1, 416_2:
[0210] - the upper-layer (RRC) configuration of the uplink data split threshold is adopted or re-adopted.
[0211] The first and second exceptions are defined below. The method 700 can further comprise:
[0212] - identifying the considered value (configuration) of the uplink data split threshold, and
[0213] - wherein block 706 is further based on the considered value of the uplink data split threshold.
[0214] "Considered" refers to whatever value is currently applied by the UE 110. The considered value may originate from RRC configuration (coming from CU-CP) , or from the proposals in this document (new rules applied by the UE 110) .
[0215] The first and second exceptions do not apply when the identified considered value of the uplink data split threshold is between the split-forcing and split-inhibiting values (e.g., is a finite value between zero and infinity) , as set out in the first four rows of Table 2.
[0216] For example (first exception) :
[0217] - in dependence on the received request at block 702 being for activation of the function, and
[0218] - in dependence on block 704 determining that, accounting for the request, activation remains singly requested by the MAC entity 410_1 associated with the primary RLC entity 412_1 / primary path 416_1, and
[0219] - in dependence on the identified considered value of the uplink data split threshold being an RRC-configured split-inhibiting value (e.g., infinity value) :
[0220] - requests for activation of the function by the lower layer (s) via the secondary path 416_2 are ignored (due to the RRC-configured split-inhibiting value) ;
[0221] - block 706 comprises activation of the function if it is presently in the deactivated state, and maintaining activation of the function if it is already in the activated state; and
[0222] - block 708 comprises retaining the identified RRC-configured split-inhibiting value of the uplink data split threshold.
[0223] For example (second exception) :
[0224] - in dependence on the received request at block 702 being for activation of the function, and
[0225] - in dependence on block 704 determining that, accounting for the request, activation remains singly requested by the MAC entity 410_1 associated with the primary RLC entity 412_1 / primary path 416_1, and
[0226] - in dependence on the identified considered value of the uplink data split threshold being a split-forcing value (e.g., zero value) :
[0227] - block 706 comprises activation of the function if it is presently in the deactivated state, and maintaining activation of the function if it is already in the activated state; and optionally
[0228] - block 708 comprises setting the the uplink data split threshold to an RRC-configured value.
[0229] In an implementation, the UE 110 could be configured to execute the first exception, and / or configured to execute the second exception, both, or neither of them.
[0230] FIG. 8 is a flowchart illustrating an example method 800. The method 800 may be a computer-implemented method. The method 800 may be performed in addition to, or alternatively to the method 700 of FIG. 7. The method 800 may be implemented by the UE 110. The method 800 may be implemented at the PDCP entity 414. The method 800 comprises:
[0231] - at block 802, receiving, in the UE 110, a request (e.g., PSI-Based SDU Discard Activation / Deactivation MAC CE) to activate or deactivate a data importance-based based Service Data Unit, SDU, discard function (e.g., PSI-based SDU discard function, e.g., discardTimerForLowImportance) ; and
[0232] - at block 804, setting the function to an activated or deactivated state in dependence on the request, and on a considered value of the uplink data split threshold, wherein the considered value is the value of the uplink data split threshold which is currently considered / applied by the UE 110.
[0233] When the considered value of the uplink data split threshold is between the split-forcing and split-inhibiting values (e.g., is a finite value between zero and infinity) , the setting of the data importance-based SDU discard function is further dependent on a condition such as block 704.
[0234] In dependence on the considered value of the uplink data split threshold being an RRC-configured split-inhibiting value (e.g., infinity value) or split-forcing value (e.g., zero value) :
[0235] - block 804 comprises activation of the function if it is presently in the deactivated state, and maintaining activation of the function if it is already in the activated state; and
[0236] - the RRC configuration of the uplink data split threshold may be retained.
[0237] FIG. 9 illustrates an example of a controller 900 suitable for use in an apparatus 110. Implementation of a controller 900 may be as controller circuitry. The controller 900 may be implemented in hardware alone, have certain aspects in software including firmware alone or can be a combination of hardware and software (including firmware) .
[0238] As illustrated in FIG. 9 the controller 900 may be implemented using instructions that enable hardware functionality, for example, by using executable instructions 906 in a general-purpose or special-purpose processor 902 that may be stored on a machine-readable storage medium (disk, memory etc. ) to be executed by such a processor 902.
[0239] The processor 902 is configured to read from and write to the memory 904. The processor 902 may also comprise an output interface via which data and / or commands are output by the processor 902 and an input interface via which data and / or commands are input to the processor 902.
[0240] The memory 904 stores instructions, program, or code 906 that controls the operation of the apparatus 110 when loaded into the processor 902. The computer program instructions, program or code am 906, provide the logic and routines that enables the apparatus 110 to perform the methods illustrated in the accompanying FIGS. The processor 902 by reading the memory 904 is configured to load and execute the instructions, program, or code 906.
[0241] In the context of FIG. 7, the apparatus 110 comprises:
[0242] at least one processor 902; and
[0243] at least one memory 904 storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor 902, cause the apparatus at least to:
[0244] receive 702, in a UE 110, a request to activate or deactivate a data importance-based SDU discard function;
[0245] determine 704 whether, accounting for the request, activation of the data importance-based SDU discard function remains requested by one or more lower layers than a PDCP layer;
[0246] set 706 the data importance-based SDU discard function to an activated or deactivated state, or inhibiting its activation, based on the determination; and / or set 708 an uplink data split threshold based on the determination.
[0247] In the context of FIG. 8, the apparatus 110 comprises:
[0248] at least one processor 902; and
[0249] at least one memory 904 storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor 902, cause the apparatus at least to:
[0250] receive 802, in a UE 110 a request to activate or deactivate a data importance-based based SDU discard function; and
[0251] set 804 the data importance-based SDU discard function to an activated or deactivated state in dependence on the request, and on an RRC configuration of an uplink data split threshold.
[0252] In some examples, there is a (computer implemented) system 100 comprising: the apparatus 110; and a network entity (e.g., access node 120, apparatus 2, or DU 20 of the access node 120) configured to initiate transmission of the request of block 702 or 802 to the apparatus 110.
[0253] As illustrated in FIG. 10, the instructions, program, or code 906 may arrive at the apparatus 110 via any suitable delivery mechanism 908. The delivery mechanism 908 may be, for example, a machine-readable medium, a computer-readable medium, a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium, a computer program product, a memory device, a record medium such as a Compact Disc Read-Only Memory (CD-ROM) or a Digital Versatile Disc (DVD) or a solid-state memory, an article of manufacture that comprises or tangibly embodies the computer program 906. The delivery mechanism may be a signal configured to reliably transfer the computer program 906. The apparatus 110 may propagate or transmit the computer program 906 as a computer data signal.
[0254] The term “non-transitory” as used herein, is a limitation of the medium itself (i.e., tangible, not a signal) as opposed to a limitation on data storage persistency (e.g., RAM vs. ROM) .
[0255] Computer program instructions 906 may be for causing an apparatus 110 to perform at least the following or for performing at least the following:
[0256] cause receiving 702, in a UE 110, a request to activate or deactivate a data importance-based SDU discard function;
[0257] cause determining 704 whether, accounting for the request, activation of the data importance-based SDU discard function remains requested by one or more lower layers than a PDCP layer;
[0258] cause setting 706 the data importance-based SDU discard function to an activated or deactivated state, or inhibiting its activation, based on the determination; and / or
[0259] cause setting 708 an uplink data split threshold based on the determination.
[0260] Computer program instructions 906 may be for causing an apparatus 110 to perform at least the following or for performing at least the following:
[0261] cause receiving 802, in a UE 110 a request to activate or deactivate a data importance-based based SDU discard function; and
[0262] cause setting 804 the data importance-based SDU discard function to an activated or deactivated state in dependence on the request, and on an RRC configuration of an uplink data split threshold.
[0263] The computer program instructions may be comprised in a computer program, a non-transitory computer readable medium, a computer program product, a machine-readable medium. In some but not necessarily all examples, the computer program instructions may be distributed over more than one computer program.
[0264] Although the memory 904 is illustrated as a single component / circuitry it may be implemented as one or more separate components / circuitry some or all of which may be integrated / removable and / or may provide permanent / semi-permanent / dynamic / cached storage.
[0265] Although the processor 902 is illustrated as a single component / circuitry it may be implemented as one or more separate components / circuitry some or all of which may be integrated / removable. The processor 902 may be a single core or multi-core processor.
[0266] References to ‘computer-readable storage medium’ , ‘computer program product’ , ‘tangibly embodied computer program’ etc. or a ‘controller’ , ‘computer’ , ‘processor’ etc. should be understood to encompass not only computers having different architectures such as single / multi-processor architectures and sequential (Von Neumann) / parallel architectures but also specialized circuits such as field-programmable gate arrays (FPGA) , application specific circuits (ASIC) , signal processing devices and other processing circuitry. References to computer program, instructions, code etc. should be understood to encompass software for a programmable processor or firmware such as, for example, the programmable content of a hardware device whether instructions for a processor, or configuration settings for a fixed-function device, gate array or programmable logic device etc.
[0267] As used in this application, the term ‘circuitry’ may refer to one or more or all the following:
[0268] (a) hardware-only circuitry implementations (such as implementations in only analog and / or digital circuitry) and
[0269] (b) combinations of hardware circuits and software, such as (as applicable) :
[0270] i. a combination of analog and / or digital hardware circuit (s) with software / firmware and
[0271] ii. any portions of hardware processor (s) with software (including digital signal processor (s) ) , software, and memory or memories that work together to cause an apparatus, such as a mobile phone or server, to perform various functions and
[0272] (c) hardware circuit (s) and or processor (s) , such as a microprocessor (s) or a portion of a microprocessor (s) , that requires software (for example, firmware) for operation, but the software may not be present when it is not needed for operation.
[0273] This definition of circuitry applies to all uses of this term in this application, including in any claims. As a further example, as used in this application, the term circuitry also covers an implementation of merely a hardware circuit or processor and its (or their) accompanying software and / or firmware. The term circuitry also covers, for example and if applicable to the claim element, a baseband integrated circuit for a mobile device or a similar integrated circuit in a server, a cellular network device, or other computing or network device.
[0274] It should be understood that when describing a PSI-based SDU discard activation MAC CE, what is meant is a PSI-Based SDU Discard Activation / Deactivation MAC CE signalling activation of the PSI-based / importance-based discard mechanism for the bearer 416_1 or 416_2, and conversely, when describing a PSI-based SDU discard deactivation MAC CE, what is meant is PSI-Based SDU Discard Activation / Deactivation MAC CE signalling deactivation of the PSI-based / importance-based discard mechanism for the bearer.
[0275] The blocks illustrated in the accompanying Figs may represent steps in a method and / or sections of code in the computer program 906. The illustration of a particular order to the blocks does not necessarily imply that there is a required or preferred order for the blocks and the order and arrangement of the block may be varied. Furthermore, it may be possible for some blocks to be omitted.
[0276] Where a structural feature has been described, it may be replaced by means for performing one or more of the functions of the structural feature whether that function or those functions are explicitly or implicitly described.
[0277] The apparatus can be provided in an electronic device, for example, a mobile terminal, according to an example of the present disclosure. It should be understood, however, that a mobile terminal is merely illustrative of an electronic device that would benefit from examples of implementations of the present disclosure and, therefore, should not be taken to limit the scope of the present disclosure to the same. While in certain implementation examples, the apparatus can be provided in a mobile terminal, other types of electronic devices, such as, but not limited to: mobile communication devices, hand portable electronic devices, wearable computing devices, portable digital assistants (PDAs) , pagers, mobile computers, desktop computers, televisions, gaming devices, laptop computers, cameras, video recorders, GPS devices and other types of electronic systems, can readily employ examples of the present disclosure. Furthermore, devices can readily employ examples of the present disclosure regardless of their intent to provide mobility.
[0278] The term ‘comprise’ is used in this document with an inclusive not an exclusive meaning. That is any reference to X comprising Y indicates that X may comprise only one Y or may comprise more than one Y. If it is intended to use ‘comprise’ with an exclusive meaning then it will be made clear in the context by referring to ‘comprising only one... ’ or by using ‘consisting. ’
[0279] In this description, the wording ‘connect’ , ‘couple’ and ‘communication’ and their derivatives mean operationally connected / coupled / in communication. It should be appreciated that any number or combination of intervening components can exist (including no intervening components) , i.e., to provide direct or indirect connection / coupling / communication. Any such intervening components can include hardware and / or software components.
[0280] As used herein, the term "determine / determining" (and grammatical variants thereof) can include, not least: calculating, computing, processing, deriving, measuring, investigating, identifying, looking up (for example, looking up in a table, a database, or another data structure) , ascertaining and the like. Also, "determining" can include receiving (for example, receiving information) , accessing (for example, accessing data in a memory) , obtaining and the like. Also, "determine / determining" can include resolving, selecting, choosing, establishing, and the like.
[0281] In this description, reference has been made to various examples. The description of features or functions in relation to an example indicates that those features or functions are present in that example. The use of the term ‘example’ or ‘for example’ or ‘can’ or ‘may’ in the text denotes, whether explicitly stated or not, that such features or functions are present in at least the described example, whether described as an example or not, and that they can be, but are not necessarily, present in some of or all other examples. Thus ‘example’ , ‘for example’ , ‘can’ , or ‘may’ refers to a particular instance in a class of examples. A property of the instance can be a property of only that instance or a property of the class or a property of a sub-class of the class that includes some but not all the instances in the class. It is therefore implicitly disclosed that a feature described with reference to one example but not with reference to another example, can where possible be used in that other example as part of a working combination but does not necessarily have to be used in that other example.
[0282] As used herein, “at least one of the following: ” and “at least one of ” and similar wording, where the list of two or more elements are joined by “and” or “or” mean at least any one of the elements, or at least any two or more of the elements, or at least all the elements.
[0283] Although examples have been described in the preceding paragraphs with reference to various examples, it should be appreciated that modifications to the examples given can be made without departing from the scope of the claims. For example, the split-inhibiting and split-forcing values of the uplink data split threshold may be other than zero and infinity.
[0284] Features described in the preceding description may be used in combinations other than the combinations explicitly described above.
[0285] Although functions have been described with reference to certain features, those functions may be performable by other features whether described or not.
[0286] The description of a feature, such as an apparatus or a component of an apparatus, configured to perform a function, or for performing a function, should additionally be considered to also disclose a method of performing that function. For example, description of an apparatus configured to perform one or more actions, or for performing one or more actions, should additionally be considered to disclose a method of performing those one or more actions with or without the apparatus.
[0287] Although features have been described with reference to certain examples, those features may also be present in other examples whether described or not.
[0288] The term ‘a’ , ‘an’ or ‘the’ is used in this document with an inclusive not an exclusive meaning. That is any reference to X comprising a / an / the Y indicates that X may comprise only one Y or may comprise more than one Y unless the context clearly indicates the contrary. If it is intended to use ‘a’ , ‘an’ or ‘the’ with an exclusive meaning then it will be made clear in the context. In some circumstances the use of ‘at least one’ or ‘one or more’ may be used to emphasis an inclusive meaning but the absence of these terms should not be taken to infer any exclusive meaning.
[0289] The presence of a feature (or combination of features) in a claim is a reference to that feature or (combination of features) itself and to features that achieve substantially the same technical effect (equivalent features) . The equivalent features include, for example, features that are variants and achieve substantially the same result in substantially the same way. The equivalent features include, for example, features that perform substantially the same function, in substantially the same way to achieve substantially the same result.
[0290] In this description, reference has been made to various examples using adjectives or adjectival phrases to describe characteristics of the examples. Such a description of a characteristic in relation to an example indicates that the characteristic is present in some examples exactly as described and is present in other examples substantially as described.
[0291] The above description describes some examples of the present disclosure however those of ordinary skill in the art will be aware of possible alternative structures and method features which offer equivalent functionality to the specific examples of such structures and features described herein above and which for the sake of brevity and clarity have been omitted from the above description. Nonetheless, the above description should be read as implicitly including reference to such alternative structures and method features which provide equivalent functionality unless such alternative structures or method features are explicitly excluded in the above description of the examples of the present disclosure.
[0292] Whilst endeavoring in the foregoing specification to draw attention to those features believed to be of importance the Applicant may seek protection via the claims in respect of any patentable feature or combination of features hereinbefore referred to and / or shown in the drawings whether or not emphasis has been placed thereon.
Claims
1.An apparatus comprising means for:receiving, in a User Equipment, UE, a request to activate or deactivate a data importance-based Service Data Unit, SDU, discard function;determining whether, accounting for the request, activation of the data importance-based SDU discard function remains requested by one or more lower layers than a Packet Data Convergence Protocol, PDCP, layer;setting the data importance-based SDU discard function to an activated or deactivated state, or inhibiting its activation, based on the determination; and / orsetting an uplink data split threshold based on the determination.2.The apparatus of claim 1, wherein when the received request is for activation, and in dependence on the determination indicating that activation remains singly requested by a protocol entity associated with a primary RLC entity, the setting of the data importance-based SDU discard function comprises deactivation or inhibiting activation, and the setting of the uplink data split threshold comprises setting the uplink data split threshold to a split-forcing configuration.3.The apparatus of any preceding claim, wherein when the received request is for activation, and in dependence on the determination indicating that activation remains singly requested by a protocol entity associated with a split secondary RLC entity, the setting of the data importance-based SDU discard function comprises deactivation or inhibiting activation, and the setting of the uplink data split threshold comprises setting the uplink data split threshold to a split-inhibiting configuration.4.The apparatus of any preceding claim, wherein when the received request is for activation, and in dependence on the determination indicating that activation remains requested by a protocol entity associated with a primary RLC entity and a protocol entity associated with a split secondary RLC entity, the setting of the data importance-based SDU discard function comprises activation.5.The apparatus of claim 4, wherein when the received request is for activation, and in dependence on the determination indicating that activation remains requested by a protocol entity associated with a primary RLC entity and a protocol entity associated with a split secondary RLC entity, a Radio Resource Control, RRC, configuration of the uplink data split threshold is retained or re-adopted.6.The apparatus of any preceding claim, wherein when the received request is for deactivation, and in dependence on the determination indicating that activation is no longer requested by lower layers than the PDCP layer, an upper-layer configuration of the uplink data split threshold is adopted or re-adopted.7.The apparatus of any preceding claim, wherein the one or more lower layers include a protocol entity associated with at least a primary RLC, wherein the apparatus comprises means for identifying a considered value of the uplink data split threshold, and wherein the setting of the data importance-based based SDU discard function is further based on the identified considered value of the uplink data split threshold.8.The apparatus of claim 7, wherein in dependence on the received request being for activation, and the determination indicating that activation remains singly requested by the protocol entity associated with the primary RLC, and the identified considered value of the uplink data split threshold being a split-forcing value, the setting of the data importance-based SDU discard function comprises activation.9.The apparatus of claim 7 or 8, wherein in dependence on the received request being for activation, and the determination indicating that activation remains singly requested by the protocol entity associated with the primary RLC, and the identified considered value of the uplink data split threshold being a split-forcing value, the uplink data split threshold is set to a Radio Resource Control, RRC, configured value.10.The apparatus of claim 7, 8, or 9, wherein in dependence on the identified considered value of the uplink data split threshold being an RRC-configured split-inhibiting value, and the received request being for activation, and the determination indicating that activation remains singly requested by the protocol entity associated with the primary RLC, the setting of the data importance-based SDU discard function comprises activation, and wherein when the identified considered value of the uplink data split threshold is an RRC-configured split-inhibiting value, requests for activation of the data importance-based SDU discard function by a layer associated with a split secondary RLC are ignored.11.The apparatus of any one of claims 7 to 10, wherein in dependence on the received request being for activation, and the determination indicating that activation remains singly requested by the protocol entity associated with the primary RLC, and the identified considered value of the uplink data split threshold being an RRC-configured split-inhibiting configuration, the identified RRC split-inhibiting value of the uplink data split threshold is retained.12.The apparatus of any one of claims 7 to 11, wherein in dependence on the received request being for activation, and the determination indicating that activation remains singly requested by the protocol entity associated with the primary RLC, and the identified considered value of the uplink data split threshold being between split-forcing and split-inhibiting values, the setting of the data importance-based SDU discard function comprises deactivation or inhibiting activation, and the setting of the uplink data split threshold comprises setting the uplink data split threshold to a split-forcing configuration.13.An apparatus comprising means for:receiving, in a User Equipment, UE, a request to activate or deactivate a data importance-based based Service Data Unit, SDU, discard function; andsetting the data importance-based SDU discard function to an activated or deactivated state in dependence on the request, and on a considered value of an uplink data split threshold.14.The apparatus of claim 13, wherein in dependence on the considered value of the uplink data split threshold being a split-forcing configuration, the setting of the data importance-based SDU discard function comprises activation.15.The apparatus of claim 14, wherein in dependence on the considered value of the uplink data split threshold being the split-forcing configuration, the uplink data split threshold is set to a Radio Resource Control, RRC, configured value.16.The apparatus of claim 13, 14, or 15, wherein in dependence on the considered value of the uplink data split threshold being an RRC-configured split-inhibiting configuration, the setting of the data importance-based SDU discard function comprises activation.17.The apparatus of claim 16, wherein in dependence on the considered value of the uplink data split threshold being the RRC-configured split-inhibiting value, the RRC configuration of the uplink data split threshold is retained.18.The apparatus of any one of claims 13 to 17, wherein in dependence on the considered value of the uplink data split threshold being between split-forcing and split-inhibiting values, the setting of the data importance-based SDU discard function is further dependent on a condition.19.The apparatus of any preceding claim, wherein the data importance-based SDU discard function applies a discard timer with a duration shorter than a default discard timer.20.The apparatus of any preceding claim, wherein the uplink data split threshold sets an uplink data volume above which a split bearer PDCP in the PDCP layer is permitted to submit uplink data to both primary and split secondary RLC entities, and below which the split bearer PDCP is forced to submit uplink data to a primary RLC entity.21.A system comprising the apparatus of any preceding claim, and a network entity configured to initiate transmission of the request to the apparatus.22.A method comprising:receiving, in a User Equipment, UE, a request to activate or deactivate a data importance-based Service Data Unit, SDU, discard function;determining whether, accounting for the request, activation of the data importance-based SDU discard function remains requested by one or more lower layers than a Packet Data Convergence Protocol, PDCP, layer;setting the data importance-based SDU discard function to an activated or deactivated state, or inhibiting its activation, based on the determination; and / or setting an uplink data split threshold based on the determination.23.The method of claim 22, wherein when the received request is for activation, and in dependence on the determination indicating that activation remains singly requested by a protocol entity associated with a primary RLC entity, the setting of the data importance-based SDU discard function comprises deactivation or inhibiting activation, and the setting of the uplink data split threshold comprises setting the uplink data split threshold to a split-forcing configuration.24.The method of claim 22 or 23, wherein when the received request is for activation, and in dependence on the determination indicating that activation remains singly requested by a protocol entity associated with a split secondary RLC entity, the setting of the data importance-based SDU discard function comprises deactivation or inhibiting activation, and the setting of the uplink data split threshold comprises setting the uplink data split threshold to a split-inhibiting configuration.25.The method of claim 22, 23, or 24, wherein when the received request is for activation, and in dependence on the determination indicating that activation remains requested by a protocol entity associated with a primary RLC entity and a protocol entity associated with a split secondary RLC entity, the setting of the data importance-based SDU discard function comprises activation.26.The method of claim 25, wherein when the received request is for activation, and in dependence on the determination indicating that activation remains requested by a protocol entity associated with a primary RLC entity and a protocol entity associated with a split secondary RLC entity, a Radio Resource Control, RRC, configuration of the uplink data split threshold is retained or re-adopted.27.The method of any one of claims 22 to 26, wherein when the received request is for deactivation, and in dependence on the determination indicating that activation is no longer requested by lower layers than the PDCP layer, an upper-layer configuration of the uplink data split threshold is adopted or re-adopted.28.The method of any one of claims 22 to 27, wherein the one or more lower layers include a protocol entity associated with at least a primary RLC, wherein the method comprises identifying a considered value of the uplink data split threshold, and wherein the setting of the data importance-based based SDU discard function is further based on the identified considered value of the uplink data split threshold.29.The method of claim 28, wherein in dependence on the received request being for activation, and the determination indicating that activation remains singly requested by the protocol entity associated with the primary RLC, and the identified considered value of the uplink data split threshold being a split-forcing value, the setting of the data importance-based SDU discard function comprises activation.30.The method of claim 28 or 29, wherein in dependence on the received request being for activation, and the determination indicating that activation remains singly requested by the protocol entity associated with the primary RLC, and the identified considered value of the uplink data split threshold being a split-forcing value, the uplink data split threshold is set to a Radio Resource Control, RRC, configured value.31.The method of claim 28, 29, or 30, wherein in dependence on the identified considered value of the uplink data split threshold being an RRC-configured split-inhibiting value, and the received request being for activation, and the determination indicating that activation remains singly requested by the protocol entity associated with the primary RLC, the setting of the data importance-based SDU discard function comprises activation, and wherein when the identified considered value of the uplink data split threshold is an RRC-configured split-inhibiting value, requests for activation of the data importance-based SDU discard function by a layer associated with a split secondary RLC are ignored.32.The method of any one of claims 28 to 31, wherein in dependence on the received request being for activation, and the determination indicating that activation remains singly requested by the protocol entity associated with the primary RLC, and the identified considered value of the uplink data split threshold being an RRC-configured split-inhibiting configuration, the identified RRC split-inhibiting value of the uplink data split threshold is retained.33.The method of any one of claims 28 to 32, wherein in dependence on the received request being for activation, and the determination indicating that activation remains singly requested by the protocol entity associated with the primary RLC, and the identified considered value of the uplink data split threshold being between split-forcing and split-inhibiting values, the setting of the data importance-based SDU discard function comprises deactivation or inhibiting activation, and the setting of the uplink data split threshold comprises setting the uplink data split threshold to a split-forcing configuration.34.The method of any one of claims 22 to 33, wherein the data importance-based SDU discard function applies a discard timer with a duration shorter than a default discard timer.35.The method of any one of claims 22 to 34, wherein the uplink data split threshold sets an uplink data volume above which a split bearer PDCP in the PDCP layer is permitted to submit uplink data to both primary and split secondary RLC entities, and below which the split bearer PDCP is forced to submit uplink data to a primary RLC entity.36.A computer program comprising instructions which, when executed by an apparatus, cause the apparatus to perform the method of any one or more of claims 22 to 35.37.A method comprising:receiving, in a User Equipment, UE, a request to activate or deactivate a data importance-based based Service Data Unit, SDU, discard function; andsetting the data importance-based SDU discard function to an activated or deactivated state in dependence on the request, and on a considered value of an uplink data split threshold.38.The method of claim 37, wherein in dependence on the considered value of the uplink data split threshold being a split-forcing configuration, the setting of the data importance-based SDU discard function comprises activation.39.The method of claim 38, wherein in dependence on the considered value of the uplink data split threshold being the split-forcing configuration, the uplink data split threshold is set to a Radio Resource Control, RRC, configured value.40.The method of claim 37, 38, or 39, wherein in dependence on the considered value of the uplink data split threshold being an RRC-configured split-inhibiting configuration, the setting of the data importance-based SDU discard function comprises activation.41.The method of claim 40, wherein in dependence on the considered value of the uplink data split threshold being the RRC-configured split-inhibiting value, the RRC configuration of the uplink data split threshold is retained.42.The method of any one of claims 37 to 41, wherein in dependence on the considered value of the uplink data split threshold being between split-forcing and split-inhibiting values, the setting of the data importance-based SDU discard function is further dependent on a condition.43.The method of any one of claims 37 to 42, wherein the data importance-based SDU discard function applies a discard timer with a duration shorter than a default discard timer.44.The method of any one of claims 37 to 43, wherein the uplink data split threshold sets an uplink data volume above which a split bearer PDCP in the PDCP layer is permitted to submit uplink data to both primary and split secondary RLC entities, and below which the split bearer PDCP is forced to submit uplink data to a primary RLC entity.45.A computer program comprising instructions which, when executed by an apparatus, cause the apparatus to perform the method of any one of claims 37 to 44.
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