Solar wind turbine

Abstract

The present invention relates to a solar wind turbine with a vertical axis consisting of a grounded lattice tower (1), in which there is enough space to mount a ladder (2) for accessing the upper portion of the tower, at the top of which there is a machine room protected by panels and a handrail (3) with safety elements so that an operator can work. Said lattice tower is coated with a paint that can absorb the atmospheric CO2 stored in carbon and release oxygen into the atmosphere, and inside the machine room (4) there is a three-phase synchronous generator connected to management electronics and network connection electronics that converts into energy that can be fed into the electrical network storing the surplus in batteries. Said generator is connected to arms (6) by means of a gearbox attached to a reinforcement sliding disk (7) and which converts the low revolutions of the arms (6) into revolutions per minute that are easier to manage by the synchronous generator. A stand-alone passive guiding system that does not use power to correctly orient the blades (8) in the wind direction is added to the end of the blades (8) in order for said blades (8) to absorb the greatest amount of wind power. Said stand-alone guiding system is equipped with stops that limit the rotation to 270° to be able to connect the cables of the solar panels that make up the blade and thus prevent the cables from winding.

Description

[0001] DESCRIPTION

[0002] SOLAR WIND GENERATOR

[0003] OBJECT OF THE INVENTION

[0004] The present invention relates to a wind and solar generator designed to improve known techniques for generating clean, efficient and environmentally friendly energy, as well as its impact on the landscape.

[0005] Less than a year ago, on February 14, 2023, the patent entitled SOLAR WIND GENERATOR was requested with application number 202330110 by the same owner as this one, which improves the previous one with the novelty of mounting an electrical transformer in the transmission or distribution tower of electrical energy to inject the energy generated by the solar wind generator directly into the electrical transmission or distribution line, while improving some aspects of the previous invention, requesting internal priority.

[0006] The object of the invention is to provide a generator that optimizes the collection system and extracts maximum performance from both the wind and the sun.

[0007] As an introductory explanation to the present invention, it must be taken into account that, in fluids, both liquid and gaseous, phenomena of resistance or drag and cavitation or lift occur and that both phenomena are capable, both individually and jointly, of transmitting energy from the fluid to the surface it attacks.

[0008] To the extent that a surface has a lot of resistance, on the one hand, cavitation may or may not occur on the other hand, and it is even possible that depending on the position of the surface that attacks the fluid, which in the case of the present invention is the wind, energy can only be extracted from that surface with one of the two effects, resistance or drag or cavitation or lift.

[0009] To make the most of both phenomena and extract the maximum possible energy from the wind, the ideal is for both forces to reach a working point where their sum is maximum. This can be done in a mechanically controlled manner and with direct energy expenditure or, as is the case with the present invention, by designing an autonomous system of one's own creation so that the surfaces are at the closest possible point of maximum energy extraction from the wind.

[0010] Therefore, the premises are these two effects: Drag or resistance, which is defined by the size and shape of the surface that directly faces the wind.

[0011] From cavitation or lift that occurs on the surface that is in the area opposite to this first one.

[0012] Using a boat's sail as an example, the drag phenomenon occurs when the wind is coming downwind, and the lift phenomenon occurs when the wind is coming upwind. There is also a moment when the sails are not working to change course; this is the moment of the gybe, when energy is not absorbed and is therefore wasted.

[0013] The industrial application of this invention is within the generator manufacturing sector, and more specifically, in systems for optimizing the capture and maximizing performance of mixed wind-solar generators.

[0014] BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

[0015] In their various versions, the known wind turbines are made up of a main tower anchored to the base and provided with their corresponding rotors that transmit the generated movement to a vertical axis and this to an alternator with an interposed multiplier box.

[0016] Although no invention identical to the one described has been found, we present below the documents found that attempt to resolve this problem.

[0017] Thus, document ES2772140 refers to an electricity generation system comprising: at least one heat engine; a solar energy collection assembly; a vertical-axis wind turbine comprising a series of vertical windmill blades displaced laterally from and rotatable around a central axis; and electricity generation means; wherein the solar energy collection assembly comprises a set of parabolic mirrors arranged to collect and transmit solar energy to said at least one heat engine, to drive said at least one heat engine; the vertical-axis wind turbine is mounted on the solar energy collection assembly; characterized by: a common output transmission shaft on the same axis as said central axis of said vertical-axis wind turbine, connected to be driven by said vertical-axis wind turbine and by each said heat engine;and the electricity generating means are connected to said common output drive shaft to produce electricity. Comment: ES 2772140 refers to a design that redirects solar rays towards a heat engine that uses this thermal energy to convert it into electrical energy by transforming said thermal solar energy into kinetic energy that will then be converted, by means of a generator, into electrical energy. On the other hand, in the invention requested here, the solar panel blades directly convert solar energy into electrical solar energy through the use of photovoltaic cells;

[0018] ES1078090 proposes an improved wind turbine blade, comprising an elongated body with an aerodynamic profile that forms part of the propellers of wind turbines that harness the driving force of the external wind, characterized in that the outer surface of the body is provided with photovoltaic means for generating electricity, and connectable for the transmission of the electrical energy generated therein.

[0019] Comment: In the case of this patent ES 1078090, the inventor has placed photovoltaic means on the surface of an elongated aerodynamic profile for photovoltaic use, while in the invention requested as a patent the design of the blade or sail is not limited to a specific aerodynamic profile morphology, since the present invention seeks to create solar panels with an aerodynamic profile design that allows maximum use of thrust and lift, the panel or sail itself being a photovoltaic generator. In the invention requested here, the integration is such that the specific arrangement of the photovoltaic solar means becomes the structural part of the sail itself, providing it with the consistency and structural rigidity it requires.

[0020] ES2214977 describes a windmill, with a vertical axis and rotating and translational blades, or with blades of blades of louvers. It consists of a mill designed to transform the kinetic energy of the wind into electrical energy, whose blades will be formed by rectangular fabrics, which will be joined by one of their vertical edges to the bars that constitute their peripheral axis (from which they can detach to fall to the ground, or around which they can be rolled); and which, after making a 90-degree turn in one direction or another (left and right), will rest on meshes or ropes, to, through the central axis, transmit the force collected from the air current to the electricity generator. These blades, in order to considerably increase their size, can also be formed by a large number of portions of fabric, which I call "louvers."

[0021] Comment: This patent, ES2214977, refers to a vertical-axis wind turbine that lacks any means of capturing solar energy, and its wind energy collection system is based on a simple collection system without an aerodynamic profile that improves the use of wind energy. However, the requested invention, in addition to producing wind energy with improved aerodynamics, has been designed so that the blades are structural photovoltaic solar panels that follow an aerodynamic profile and also capture solar energy.

[0022] Conclusions: As can be seen from the research carried out, none of the documents have taken advantage of the photovoltaic media themselves as a structural support together with other structural media such as fiberglass (or others) and resins, as the proposed invention does.

[0023] Although efficiency has been increased, it remains limited by the inability to lengthen the blades and must only increase in height. If a wind turbine with higher efficiency is required, the blades must be lengthened and therefore the diameter of the support structure must be increased, thereby changing the entire rotor configuration, transmission system, and blade design.

[0024] Another problem with this type of wind turbine is the complex blade guidance system, the electrical power supply, and the braking system. The vertical-axis mixed generator proposed in the requested invention, in addition to addressing all the shortcomings seen in existing vertical-axis wind turbine models, creates a new, more versatile and much more efficient model.

[0025] DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0026] The present invention consists of a foundation-supported lattice tower coated with a paint capable of absorbing stored atmospheric CO2 and releasing oxygen into the atmosphere. There is sufficient space within the tower to mount a ladder for access to the top of the tower, which may be used for transmission or distribution of energy. Above, there is a machine room protected by panels and a railing with safety features for an operator to work in.

[0027] Inside the engine room is a three-phase synchronous generator connected to management electronics and grid-connection electronics, which convert the generator into energy that can be injected into the electrical grid, storing the surplus in batteries. This electronics is also connected to the photovoltaic solar panels that form part of the wind generator's blades. Similarly, the generator is connected to the arms via a gearbox attached to the sliding disc, which converts the arms' low revolutions per minute into revolutions per minute that are easier for the synchronous generator to manage.

[0028] The blades are 4.5 meters apart and have been fitted with an autonomous, passive (energy-free) guidance system at the ends to correctly orient the blades toward the wind, ensuring they absorb the maximum amount of wind energy. This autonomous guidance system is equipped with stops that limit rotation to 270°, allowing the cables to be connected to the solar panels that make up the blade to prevent the cables from becoming tangled. The guidance system is also equipped with a magnetic damper to prevent uncontrolled acceleration when no wind force is transmitted to the guidance plate.

[0029] As an additional note, between the blades and the reduction gear there is a hollow transmission shaft that allows it to house cables inside, which are connected to friction discs to carry electricity from the moving arms to the fixed wiring of the tower, preventing them from becoming tangled.

[0030] In order to control the drag or resistance phenomena defined by the size and shape of the surface that directly faces the wind and the cavitation or lift that occurs on the surface opposite to this first one and to take advantage of the energy to the maximum in all possible working points, the present invention has designed a variable profile guide plate to exert the force on the application axis, delimited according to the parameters chosen by the user and that allows working in different positions in three different modes:

[0031] Rest: moment in which no energy is transmitted to the axis, but the surface is placed opposite the wind that will attack it.

[0032] Work: in which the plate is in the area where energy is transmitted to the axis by lift or drag.

[0033] Torque limiter: in which the fluid has exceeded a maximum working force and the plate places the surface in a resting position, with the lowest possible resistance to the fluid and without the possibility of producing lift transmission.

[0034] Starting from the premises and taking the example of the wind:

[0035] Torque is the force times the distance The force applied by the wind on a surface is the result of multiplying the area by the dynamic pressure

[0036] The dynamic pressure on a flat surface is P = 1.22 * V 2 where V is the wind speed

[0037] In the case of aerodynamic surfaces a specific formula would be used for each surface, but for the present invention this explanation is not necessary.

[0038] The force of the wind exerted on said surface can be applied to an axis to which all the force is transmitted.

[0039] There is a force (Fr) that is the result of the force applied to that surface that depends on the differences in the surface between the part that faces directly to the wind and the other, which is affected by the lift forces.

[0040] The system of the present invention causes the surface, which is influenced by the wind, to apply to the axis the greatest possible resulting force from the forces exerted by the wind resistance and the lift force.

[0041] Thus, the guide plate of the present invention is constituted according to the following characteristics:

[0042] A variable radius guide plate on which a force orthogonal to the axis of rotation is applied to its outer radius, opposing the free movement of the plate.

[0043] A guide plate with a fixed radius but variable width on which a force parallel to the axis of rotation is applied to its outer radius, opposing the free movement of the plate.

[0044] A guide plate as described in point 1 in which the force applied is a variable force (Fv) that depends on the radius of the plate itself.

[0045] A guide plate as described in point 2 in which the force applied is a variable force (Fv) that depends on the width of the plate itself.

[0046] A variable plate as described in point 3 in which the useful force exerted against the free movement of the plate at the point of application depends on the slope resulting from the difference in radii at two angles between which said force is applied (Kd).

[0047] A guide plate as described in point 4, in which the effective force exerted against the free movement of the plate at the point of application depends on the gradient resulting from the difference in width at two angles between which said force is applied (Kd). A guide plate as described in points 5 or 6, in which the rest zone is provided with a magnetic brake that allows it to slow down the rotational speed and add energy transfer to the shaft in this situation thanks to the magnetic link.

[0048] Thus, the force that is applied to the axis of rotation and that opposes the free rotation of the guide plate is a force that is transmitted to the axis and is the result of the variable force (Fv) by constant that depends on the angle of application of that force (Kd). Fr = Fv * Kd

[0049] The vertical-axis solar wind generator object of the present invention is made up of a series of rotatable blades that are also solar panels and have a 360° rotation without limit.

[0050] In a different embodiment, the rotation of the solar panels is limited to the working range and the situations of hove or flag placement in times of strong wind, this flag placement also being limited by stops.

[0051] In another different embodiment, the blades are fixed and are located at the optimal angle for capturing wind energy.

[0052] Solar collection is achieved by embedding flexible solar panels in a specially designed housing on the upper and / or lower surfaces of the sail / blade. Embedding is achieved by adding the resin, or similar element suitable for the manufacture of blades or sails, from which the blade or sail is composed, to the flexible solar panel itself.

[0053] In a different embodiment, solar collection is achieved by securing flexible solar panels in a specially designed housing on the upper or lower surface of the sail / blade. This attachment is achieved by some type of anchor, such as bolts, rivets, staples, or any other element that allows the flexible solar panel to be held to the surface of the blade or sail.

[0054] In another different embodiment, solar energy is captured using a special paint capable of converting solar energy into electrical energy.

[0055] In another different embodiment, solar energy is captured using a flexible material substrate on which photovoltaic capacities can be printed, such as perovskite prints or on a graphene substrate.

[0056] These photovoltaic panels are embedded between layers of resin, or an appropriate material, that make up the sails or blades of the solar wind generator. The solar or photovoltaic panel includes strategically placed perforations that allow resin bridges between the two sides of the solar or photovoltaic panel, giving it greater adhesion.

[0057] The perovskite substrate, or similar material, has strategically placed perforations that allow resin bridges between the two sides of the photovoltaic panel, giving it greater adhesion.

[0058] There are strategically placed perforations on the surface of the panel that allow for the addition of more rivets, or selected fastening elements, to facilitate the panel being better attached to the surfaces of the sail or blade.

[0059] The energy generated by the photovoltaic panels is distributed to the rest of the solar wind generator by means of slip rings.

[0060] In a different embodiment, the transmission of energy to the rest of the solar wind generator is carried out by means of an induction system located on the axis of the sail / blade instead of with slip rings, this induction system consisting of a primary, in the moving part, and a secondary, in the fixed part to allow for a transformation ratio.

[0061] In another different embodiment, the energy transmission is carried out from the sail or blade to the rest of the solar wind generator by means of flexible wiring that allows the sail or blade to move freely within defined limits.

[0062] In another different embodiment, an electrical transformer is mounted on the transmission or distribution tower to inject the energy generated by the solar-wind generator directly into the electrical transmission or distribution line.

[0063] BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0064] For a better understanding of this description, some drawings are attached for illustrative and non-limiting purposes, which represent a preferred embodiment of the present invention:

[0065] Figure 1: Sequence of rotation of the blades of the solar wind generator carried out in accordance with the object of the present invention, the sequence being represented by the numbers 1 to 20, and the sequence being accompanied by the guide plate on which the incidence of the wind is drawn in red with each movement of the blades. Figure 2: View from a top plane of the guide plate in rest mode.

[0066] Figure 3: Top view of the guide plate in working mode

[0067] Figure 4: Top view of the guide plate in torque limiting mode

[0068] Figure 5: View from a top plane of the guide plate in which the force applied is a variable force (Fv) that depends on the radius of the plate itself.

[0069] Figure 5.1 Perspective view of Figure 5

[0070] Figure 6: View from a top plane of the guide plate in which the force applied is a variable force (Fv) that depends on the width of the plate itself

[0071] Figure 7: Perspective view of the guide plate in which the applied force is a variable force (Fv) that depends on the width of the plate itself.

[0072] The numerical references that appear in said figures correspond to the following constituent elements of the invention:

[0073] 1. Lattice tower

[0074] 2. Access staircase

[0075] 3. Protective railing

[0076] 4. Engine room (Coupling, universal joint, multiplier, generator)

[0077] 5. Guide plate housing and magnetic damping system

[0078] 6. Arm

[0079] 7. Reinforcement

[0080] 8. Shovel

[0081] 9. Solar panel

[0082] 10. Blade shaft

[0083] 11. Guide plate

[0084] 12. Spring of constant K

[0085] 13. Magnetic damping system

[0086] DESCRIPTION OF A PREFERRED EMBODIMENT

[0087] A preferred embodiment of the solar-wind vertical axis generator object of the present invention, with reference to the numerical references, may be based on a lattice tower (1) cemented and coated with a paint that is capable of absorbing atmospheric CO2 stored in the carbon and releasing oxygen into the atmosphere, in which there is enough space inside it to mount a staircase (2) for access to the top of the tower, which tower may be a tower for transporting or distributing energy. Above there is a machine room protected by panels and a railing (3) with the safety elements for an operator to work.

[0088] Inside the engine room (4) there is a three-phase synchronous generator connected to a management electronics and a grid connection electronics that converts it into energy capable of being injected into the electrical grid, storing the surplus in batteries. At the same time, this electronics is connected to the photovoltaic solar panels that form part of the solar wind generator's blades.

[0089] Similarly, the generator is connected to the arms (6) by means of a multiplier attached to the sliding disc and which converts the low revolutions of the arms (6) into revolutions per minute that are easier to manage by the synchronous generator. This connection is secured by a reinforcement (7).

[0090] The blades (8) are 4.5 meters apart and have an autonomous and passive guidance system (which does not consume energy) added at the end for the correct orientation of the blades (8) to the wind so that these blades (8) absorb the greatest amount of wind energy. This autonomous guidance system is equipped with stops that limit the rotation to 270° in order to connect the cables of the solar panels of which the blade is composed and thus prevent the cables from wrapping around. The guidance system is in turn equipped with a magnetic damper (13) to prevent it from accelerating uncontrollably at times when no wind force is transmitted to the guide plate (11).

[0091] As an additional note, between the blades (8) and the reducer there is a hollow transmission shaft that allows it to house some cables inside that are connected to friction discs to carry the electricity from the moving arms to the fixed wiring of the tower, preventing them from getting tangled up.

[0092] A variable profile guide plate (11) to exert force on the application axis that controls the drag or resistance phenomena defined by the size and shape of the surface that directly faces the wind and the cavitation or lift that occurs on the surface opposite to this first one, takes advantage of the energy to the maximum in all possible working points and allows working in different positions in three different modes: Rest: Moment in which no energy is transmitted to the axis (10), but the surface is placed in opposition to the wind that is going to attack it, as can be seen in figure 2

[0093] Work: in which the guide plate (11) is in the area where energy is transmitted to the shaft (10) by lift or drag, as can be seen in figure 3

[0094] Torque limiter: in which the fluid has exceeded a maximum working force and the guide plate (11) places the surface in a resting position, with the lowest possible wind resistance and without the possibility of producing transmission by lift, as can be seen in figure 4.

[0095] Starting from the premises and taking the example of the wind:

[0096] Torque is force times distance

[0097] The force applied by the wind on a surface is the result of multiplying the area by the dynamic pressure.

[0098] The dynamic pressure on a flat surface is P = 1.22 * V 2 where V is the wind speed

[0099] The force of the wind exerted on said surface can be applied to an axis to which all the force is transmitted.

[0100] There is a force (Fr) that is the result of the force applied to that surface that depends on the differences in the surface between the part that faces directly to the wind and the other, which is affected by the lift forces.

[0101] The system of the present invention causes the surface, which is influenced by the wind, to apply to the axis the greatest possible resulting force from the forces exerted by the wind resistance and the lift force.

[0102] Thus, the guide plate (11) of the present invention is constituted according to the following characteristics:

[0103] A variable radius guide plate (11) on which a force orthogonal to the axis of rotation is applied on its outer radius, which opposes the free movement of the plate (11) as can be seen in figure 5

[0104] A guide plate with a fixed radius, but of variable width, on which a force is applied on its outer radius parallel to the axis of rotation that opposes the free movement of the plate, as can be seen in figure 6. A guide plate as described in point 1 in which the force applied is a variable force (Fv) that depends on the radius of the plate itself, as can be seen in figure 5.

[0105] A guide plate as described in point 2 in which the force applied is a variable force (Fv) that depends on the width of the plate itself as can be seen in figure 6.

[0106] A variable plate as described in point 3 in which the useful force exerted against the free movement of the plate at the point of application depends on the slope resulting from the difference in radii at two angles between which said force is applied (Kd) as can be seen in figure 5.

[0107] A guide plate as described in point 4 in which the useful force exerted against the free movement of the plate at the point of application depends on the slope resulting from the difference in width at two angles between which said force is applied (Kd) as can be seen in figure 6.

[0108] A guide plate as described in points 5 or 6 in which the rest area is provided with a magnetic brake that allows it to slow down the rotation speed and add energy transfer to the shaft in this situation thanks to the magnetic link, as can be seen in figures 1.1, 5 and 7.

[0109] Thus, the force that is applied to the axis of rotation and that opposes the free rotation of the guide plate is a force that is transmitted to the axis and is the result of the variable force (Fv) by constant that depends on the angle of application of that force (Kd). Fr = Fv * Kd

[0110] The vertical-axis solar wind generator object of the present invention consists of a series of orientable blades (8) which are in turn solar panels (9).

[0111] In a different embodiment, the rotation of the solar panels (9) is limited to the working range and the situations of placing the flag in moments of strong wind, this placing the flag also being limited by stops.

[0112] In another different embodiment, the blades (8) are fixed and are located at the optimal angle for capturing wind energy.

[0113] Solar collection is carried out by embedding flexible solar panels (9) in a housing designed for this purpose on the extrados or intrados of the blade. The embedding is done by adding the resin, or similar element suitable for the manufacture of the blades (8), of which the blade (8) is composed, on the flexible solar panel (9) itself. In a different embodiment, solar collection is carried out by fastening flexible solar panels (9) in a housing designed for this purpose on the extrados or intrados of the blade. This fastening is carried out by means of some type of anchoring type screwed, riveted, stapled or any other element that allows the flexible solar panel to be fastened to the surface of the blade (8).

[0114] In another different embodiment, solar energy is captured using a special paint capable of converting solar energy into electrical energy.

[0115] In another different embodiment, solar energy is captured using a flexible material substrate on which photovoltaic capacities can be printed, such as perovskite prints or on a graphene substrate.

[0116] These solar panels (9) or photovoltaic panels are embedded between the layers of resin, or appropriate material, from which the blades of the solar wind generator are formed.

[0117] The solar panel (9) or photovoltaic panel comprises strategically placed perforations that allow resin bridges between the two sides of the solar or photovoltaic panel, giving it greater adherence.

[0118] The perovskite substrate, or similar material, has strategically placed perforations that allow resin bridges between the two sides of the solar (9) or photovoltaic panel, giving it greater adhesion.

[0119] There are strategically placed perforations on the surface of the solar (9) or photovoltaic panel that allow for the addition of more rivets, or elements chosen for fastening, that facilitate the panel being better attached to the surfaces of the sail or blade.

[0120] The transmission of energy generated in the photovoltaic solar panels (9) is distributed to the rest of the solar wind generator by means of slip rings.

[0121] In a different embodiment, the transmission of energy to the rest of the solar wind generator is carried out by means of an induction system located on the axis of the sail / blade instead of with slip rings, this induction system consisting of a primary in the moving part and a secondary in the fixed part, which would allow for a transformation ratio.

[0122] In another embodiment, the energy is transmitted from the sail or blade to the rest of the solar wind generator via flexible cabling that allows the blade to move freely within defined limits. In another embodiment, the electrical transmission or distribution tower would have an electrical transformer mounted to inject the energy generated by the solar wind generator directly into the electrical transmission or distribution line.

Claims

CLAIMS 1. - Vertical axis solar wind generator based on a foundation lattice tower (1), in which there is enough space inside it to mount a staircase (2) for access to the top of the tower, with a machine room above protected by panels and a railing (3) with the safety elements for an operator to work, said lattice tower being covered with a paint that is capable of absorbing atmospheric CO2 stored in carbon and releasing oxygen into the atmosphere, characterized in that inside the machine room (4) there is a three-phase synchronous generator connected to management electronics and grid connection electronics that converts it into energy capable of being injected into the electrical grid, storing the surplus in batteries,said generator being connected to the arms (6) by means of a multiplier attached to the reinforced sliding disc (7) and which converts the low revolutions of the arms (6) into revolutions per minute that are easier to manage by the synchronous generator, an autonomous and passive guidance system having been added to the end of the blades (8) that does not consume energy for the correct orientation of the blades (8) to the wind so that said blades (8) absorb the greatest amount of wind energy, said autonomous guidance system being provided with stops that limit the rotation to 270° in order to be able to connect the cables of the solar panels of which the blade is composed and thus prevent the cables from winding up.

2. Vertical axis solar wind generator according to claim 1, characterized in that said autonomous guidance system is provided with a magnetic damper (13) to prevent said system from accelerating uncontrollably at times when no wind force is transmitted to the guidance plate (11). 3.- Vertical axis solar wind generator according to claims 1 and 2, in which between the blades (8) and the reducer there is a hollow transmission shaft that allows it to house inside some cables that are connected to friction discs that carry the electricity from the moving arms to the fixed wiring of the tower, preventing them from getting tangled, characterized in that a variable profile guide plate (11) to exert the force on an application axis that controls the drag or resistance phenomena defined by the size and shape of the surface that directly faces the wind and one of cavitation or lift that occurs on the opposite surface, takes advantage of the energy to the maximum in all possible working points and allows working in different positions in three different modes: Rest: Moment in which no energy is transmitted to the axis (10), but the surface is placed in opposition to the wind that is going to attack it. Work: in which the guide plate (11) is in the area where energy is transmitted to the shaft (10) by lift or drag. Torque limiter: in which the fluid has exceeded a maximum working force and the guide plate (11) places the surface in a resting position, with the lowest possible wind resistance and without the possibility of producing lift transmission. 4.- Vertical axis solar wind generator according to claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the guide plate (11) has the following characteristics: A variable radius guide plate (11) on which a force orthogonal to the axis of rotation is applied on its outer radius, opposing the free movement of the plate (11). A variable width radius guide plate on which a force is applied on its outer radius parallel to the axis of rotation that opposes the free movement of the guide plate in which the applied force is a variable force (Fv) that depends on the radius of the plate itself. A guide plate in which the force applied is a variable force (Fv) that depends on the width of the plate itself. A variable guide plate in which the useful force exerted against the free movement of the plate at the point of application depends on the slope resulting from the difference in radii at two angles between which said force is applied (Kd). A guide plate in which the useful force exerted against the free movement of the plate at the point of application depends on the slope resulting from the difference in width at two angles between which said force is applied (Kd). A guide plate in which the rest area is provided with a magnetic brake that allows it to slow down the rotation speed and add energy transfer to the shaft in this situation thanks to the magnetic link. 5.- Vertical axis solar wind generator according to claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the force that is applied to the axis of rotation and that opposes the free rotation of the guide plate (11) is a force that is transmitted to the axis and is the result of the Variable Force (Fv) by constant that depends on the angle of application of that force (Kd) Fr = Fv * Kd. 6.- Vertical axis solar wind generator according to claims 1 to 5, characterized in that it consists of a series of extendable blades (8) which are in turn solar panels (9), the rotation of the solar panels (9) being limited to the working range and the placement situations. to the hove or flag in times of strong wind, this placement of the flag also being limited by stops, in another different embodiment the blades (8) being fixed and being located at the optimal angle for the capture of wind energy. 7.- Vertical axis solar wind generator according to claims 1 to 6, characterized in that solar collection is carried out by embedding flexible solar panels (9) in a housing designed for this purpose on the extrados or intrados of the blade, the embedding being carried out by adding the resin, or similar element suitable for the manufacture of the blades (8), of which the blade (8) is composed, on the flexible solar panel (9) itself. 8.- Vertical axis solar wind generator according to claims 1 to 6, characterized in that in a different embodiment, solar collection is carried out by holding flexible solar panels (9) in a housing designed for this purpose on the extrados or intrados of the blade (8). 9.- Vertical-axis solar wind generator according to claims 1 to 6, characterized in that in another different embodiment the capture of solar energy is carried out by means of a special paint capable of converting solar energy into electrical energy. 10.- Vertical-axis solar wind generator according to claims 1 to 6, characterized in that in another different embodiment, the capture of solar energy is carried out by means of a substrate of flexible material on which photovoltaic capacities can be printed, such as perovskite prints or on a graphene substrate. 11.- Vertical axis solar wind generator according to claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the photovoltaic solar panels (9) are embedded between the layers of resin, or appropriate material, from which the blades (8) of the solar wind generator are formed. 12.- Vertical axis solar wind generator according to claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the solar panel (9) or photovoltaic panel comprises strategically located perforations that allow resin bridges between the two sides of the solar or photovoltaic panel, which give it more adherence or allow more rivets or elements chosen for fastening to be added that facilitate the solar panel (9) being better fastened to the surface of the blade (8). 13.- Vertical-axis solar wind generator according to claims 1 to 12, characterized in that a perovskite substrate, or similar material, has strategically located perforations that allow resin bridges between the two sides of the photovoltaic panel, which gives it greater adherence. 14.- Vertical axis solar wind generator according to claims 1 to 13, characterized in that there are strategically located perforations on the surface of the solar panel (9) that allow the addition of more rivets, or elements chosen for fastening, that facilitate the solar panel (9) being better fastened to the surfaces of the blade (8). The written opinion considers that this claim 14 is already in claim 12, so it must be eliminated and the following claims must be renumbered. 15.- Vertical axis solar wind generator according to claims 1 to 14, characterized in that the transmission of the energy generated in the photovoltaic panels is distributed to the rest of the solar wind generator by means of slip rings. 16.- Vertical axis solar wind generator according to claims 1 to 15, characterized in that in a different embodiment the transmission of energy to the rest of the solar wind generator is carried out by means of an induction system located on the axis of the sail / blade instead of with slip rings, this induction system consisting of a primary, in the moving part, and a secondary, in the fixed part to allow having a transformation ratio. 17.- Vertical axis solar wind generator according to claims 1 to 16, characterized in that in another different embodiment the energy transmission is carried out from the sail or blade to the rest of the solar wind generator by means of flexible wiring that allows the free movement of the blade between the defined limits. 18.- Vertical-axis solar wind generator according to claims 1 to 17, characterized in that the tower is a power distribution or transmission tower. 19.- Vertical axis solar wind generator according to claims 1 to 18, whose tower is equipped with an electrical transformer to inject the generated energy directly into the transformation or distribution tower.

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