Systems and methods for treating alkaline hydrolysis wastewater, and rotational alkaline hydrolysis systems

Abstract

Described are various embodiments of systems and methods for treating alkaline hydrolysis wastewater, optionally including flocculation; various embodiments of rotational alkaline hydrolysis systems having a single vessel and methods for using same, optionally with mechanisms for supporting pressure release despite rotation of the vessel; various embodiments of rotational alkaline hydrolysis systems having automated control mechanisms, optionally facilitated by artificial intelligence models for optimizing operation during a digestion cycle; and various embodiments of rotational alkaline hydrolysis systems using hash functions to populate a distributed immutable ledger.

Description

SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR TREATING ALKALINE HYDROLYSIS WASTEWATER. AND ROTATIONALALKALINE HYDROLYSIS SYSTEMSCROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0001] This application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 558,784 filed February 28, 2024 and entitled “A METHOD OF TREATING ALKALINE HYDROLYSIS WASTEWATER RESULTING FROM THE DISPOSITION OF ANIMAL AND HUMAN BODIES”, and U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 695,918 filed September 18, 2024 and entitled “SINGLE VESSEL ROTATIONAL ALKALINE HYDROLYSIS SYSTEM AND METHOD OF USE”, the entire disclosure of each of which is hereby incorporated herein by reference.FIELD OF THE DISCLOSURE

[0002] The present disclosure relates to alkaline hydrolysis, and, in particular, to systems and methods for treating alkaline hydrolysis wastewater, and rotational alkaline hydrolysis systems.BACKGROUND

[0003] Alkaline hydrolysis or water cremation is an alternative to flame cremation for the disposition of humans and / or animals, and is fast becoming the preferred choice in death care options. The resulting liquid wastewater from the process is typically a sterile mix of amino acids, peptides and saponified fats, that exits the aquamator (digestor) or alkaline hydrolysis system at a relatively high pH of 12. The wastewater, due to the high organic content material, also has relatively very high Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) and Suspended Solids (SS).

[0004] Until recently, most municipalities allowed alkaline hydrolysis operators to simply adjust the pH down to approximately 9.0 - 10 before discharge the effluent into the municipal sewer system with no further treatment other than perhaps dilution. However, as demand for water cremation increases, the volume of wastewater discharge has also increased, and municipal wastewater plants are tightening up onacceptable trade waste criteria related to BOD, COD and / or SS. As such, operators of alkaline hydrolysis cremation centers are now required to meet strict trade waste discharge criteria before being allowed to discharge their wastewater into the sewer system. In addition, operators are also typically required to remove the saponified fats from the effluent before discharge, so as to avoid blockages as these fats cool and solidify in the sewer(s). Trade waste from alkaline hydrolysis operations presents a unique problem with exceedingly high levels of BOD, COD, SS and / or fats, and to date, there has not been a satisfactory solution that meets the needs of the industry.

[0005] There are currently very few solutions within the alkaline hydrolysis industry to address the problem of high BOD, COD and SS, together with fats removal from the waste effluent, before discharging into the sewer systems. One solution proposed is to emulsify the fats with a hydrocarbon additive and other dangerous chemical mixes, such as glacial acetic acid and denatured alcohol, but this solution fails to meet the needs of the industry at least because these added chemicals are hazardous to handle and store, are expensive, do not effectively reduce the BOD / COD to levels that would be acceptable to municipal standards, and the fats ultimately coagulate out of the emulsified solution upon cooling within the piped sewerage systems, potentially forming blockages.

[0006] Turning now to the alkaline hydrolysis systems available in industry, conventional systems are typically large floor model sized machines capable of processing one human or large animal, or several smaller pets, for example. However, these large floor systems are not suitable or efficient for processing single, small pocket pets like hamsters, guinea pigs, birds, kittens or the like. These large systems, as they are currently configured, cannot effectively be scaled down to a “desktop” model for small animals.

[0007] For example, one state-of-the-art two-vessel rotational alkaline hydrolysis system for large body disposition cannot be effectively scaled down to a size that would be cost effective for a “desktop” model. The two-vessel system, having a stationary outer chamber and internal rotating vessel with heating elements and motor rotation, would be cost prohibitive to scale down to a “desktop” model. Furthermore, the two-vessel arrangement would require too much space, even when scaled down, to be suitable for the intended application.

[0008] One solution proposed is to cremate several small pets simultaneously, such as in a separate chambers or compartments within a larger alkaline hydrolysis system. However, pet owners appreciate the sanctity of their deceased pets and thus desire a solution which is more personal and targeted to their pets.

[0009] Another solution proposed to solve the problem of processing small animals in the pet aftercare industry is the use of a food-grade pressurized or nonpressurized heating device, generally a consumer product kitchen appliance such as a Crockpot® or pressure cooker, but this has been shown to be ineffective as such devices cannot provide agitation or maintain a consistent result without, for example, having to manually remove the lid, stir the contents by hand and constantly monitor the process over several hours. This is labor intensive and presents a danger of hot chemical spills and foul odors. It further lacks sufficient levels of control over the pressure and temperature, as well as failing to address possible safety issues. Such devices simply lack utility for the pet aftercare industry.

[0010] This background information is provided to reveal information believed by the applicant to be of possible relevance. No admission is necessarily intended, nor should be construed, that any of the preceding information constitutes prior art or forms part of the general common knowledge in the relevant art.SUMMARY

[0011] The following presents a simplified summary of the general inventive concept(s) described herein to provide a basic understanding of some aspects of the disclosure. This summary is not an extensive overview of the disclosure. It is not intended to restrict key or critical elements of embodiments of the disclosure or to delineate their scope beyond that which is explicitly or implicitly described by the following description and claims.

[0012] A need exists for systems and methods for treating alkaline hydrolysis wastewater, and rotational alkaline hydrolysis systems, respectively, that overcome some of the drawbacks of known techniques, or at least, provides a useful alternative thereto. Some aspects of this disclosure provide examples of such systems and methods for treating alkaline hydrolysis wastewater, and rotational alkaline hydrolysis systems and methods, respectively.

[0013] In accordance with one aspect, there is provided a system for treating alkaline hydrolysis waste, comprising: a treatment tank defining an interior treatment chamber; a waste inlet configured for controlled inflow of alkaline hydrolysis waste into the interior treatment chamber of the treatment tank; a low-turbulence agitation apparatus configured to agitate fluid contained within the interior treatment chamber at a low turbulence; a skimming mechanism arranged within the treatment tank for skimming of fatty acids from an upper fluid level of fluid contained within the interior treatment chamber; a treated fluid outlet through which treated fluid is dischargeable from the treatment tank; and a sedimentation outlet provided at a bottom end of the treatment tank for outflow of sedimented solids from the interior treatment chamber.

[0014] In one embodiment, any one or both of the waste inlet and the low- turbulence agitation apparatus are configured to provide low-turbulence laminar flow within the interior treatment chamber. In one embodiment, the waste inlet comprises a conduit having a conduit curvature for inflow of the alkaline hydrolysis waste in a circular, laminar flow generally about a circumference of the interior treatment chamber.

[0015] In one embodiment, the skimming mechanism comprises a floating skimmer which at least partially floats at a surface level of fluid contained within the interior treatment chamber. In one embodiment, the skimming mechanism further comprises a skimming conduit connected to the floating skimmer, the skimming conduit having an expandable length and arranged for gravity-assisted flow of skimmed fatty acids to a skimmed byproduct outlet. In one embodiment, the skimming mechanism comprises a vertical track -mounted skimmer which translates vertically to suit a fluid level within the treatment tank. In one embodiment, the skimming mechanism comprises a fixed weir skimmer.

[0016] In one embodiment, the low-turbulence agitation apparatus comprises a motorized rotational mixer. In one embodiment, the motorized rotational mixer comprises one or more paddles or vanes connected to a driveshaft.

[0017] In one embodiment, the system comprises a reagent inlet port arranged for introduction of one or more reagents into the interior treatment chamber of the treatment tank.

[0018] In one embodiment, the system comprises an active heat exchanger arranged on or about the treatment tank for transferring heat away from the alkaline hydrolysis waste. In one embodiment, the active heat exchanger comprises a dimpled heat exchanger jacket arranged on or about the treatment tank. In one embodiment, the active heat exchanger is configured to recirculate warmed heat exchange fluid to any one or both of: an alkaline hydrolysis digestor and a cleaning system fluid storage vessel.

[0019] In one embodiment, the bottom end of the treatment tank is substantially coned-shaped. In one embodiment, the bottom end of the treatment tank comprises an approximately 30 to 60 degree cone shape.

[0020] In one embodiment, the system comprises an in-situ cleaning system for cleaning the system when not in use, the in-situ cleaning system comprising at least one fluid distribution conduit and at least one fluid distribution nozzle. In one embodiment, the at least one fluid distribution nozzle comprises a spray ball arranged to spray liquid against an internal surface of the treatment tank.

[0021] In one embodiment, the treatment tank comprises a manway arranged for access to a top portion of the interior treatment chamber.

[0022] In one embodiment, the system comprises an acidity regulation subsystem for regulating a pH of any one or combination of: fluid entering the waste inlet, fluid contained within the interior treatment chamber, and fluid egressing through the treated fluid outlet. In one embodiment, the acidity regulation subsystem comprises a smart pH meter in communication with an automated acid dispensing apparatus. In one embodiment, the system comprises a temperature regulation subsystem for regulating a temperature of any one or combination of: fluid entering the waste inlet, fluid contained within the interior treatment chamber, and fluid egressing through the treated fluid outlet.

[0023] In one embodiment, the system comprises a flow control system having any one or combination of: a pump and one or more valves.

[0024] In one embodiment, the system comprises a viewing portal for visual inspection of the interior treatment chamber.

[0025] In one embodiment, the system comprises one or more smart sensors for continuously monitoring any one or combination of temperature, pressure, pH level, and chemical concentration(s) within the interior treatment chamber, and communicating sensed data to an external connected device.

[0026] In one embodiment, the system comprises a waste treatment management controller in communication with a digital memory having executable instructions stored thereon for automation of one or more components or subsystems of the system.

[0027] In accordance with another aspect, there is provided a method of treating alkaline hydrolysis waste, comprising the steps of: controllably introducing alkaline hydrolysis waste fluid into an interior treatment chamber of a treatment tank of a system for treating alkaline hydrolysis waste; adjusting a measurable waste characteristic of the alkaline hydrolysis waste fluid; adding a flocculant to the interior treatment chamber at an amount suited to the volume of the alkaline hydrolysis waste fluid contained therein; agitating the alkaline hydrolysis waste fluid within the interior treatment chamber at a low turbulence; skimming fatty acids from an upper fluid level of the alkaline hydrolysis waste fluid in the interior treatment chamber using a skimming mechanism; and controllably discharging treated fluid from the interior treatment chamber via a treated fluid outlet and sedimented solids from a bottom end of the interior treatment chamber via a sedimentation outlet.

[0028] In one embodiment, controllably introducing the alkaline hydrolysis waste fluid comprising introducing the alkaline hydrolysis waste fluid at a flow rate and / or flow angle to facilitate low-turbulence laminar flow within the interior treatment chamber.

[0029] In one embodiment, adding the flocculant comprises determining the amount suited to the volume of the alkaline hydrolysis waste fluid and dispensing the amount of flocculant. In one embodiment, adding the flocculant comprises adding a bioflocculant. In one embodiment, adding the flocculant comprises adding a chitosan- based bioflocculant.

[0030] In one embodiment, adjusting a measurable waste characteristic of the alkaline hydrolysis waste fluid comprises adjusting any one or both of: a temperatureand a pH, of the alkaline hydrolysis waste fluid. In one embodiment, adjusting a measurable waste characteristic of the alkaline hydrolysis waste fluid comprises cooling the alkaline hydrolysis waste fluid within the interior treatment chamber to a predetermined temperature. In one embodiment, cooling the alkaline hydrolysis waste fluid comprises operating an active heat exchanger at least partially in contact with the treatment tank for transferring heat away from the alkaline hydrolysis waste. In one embodiment, the active heat exchanger comprises a dimpled heat exchanger jacket arranged on or about the treatment tank. In one embodiment, the method further comprises recirculating warmed heat exchange fluid from the active heat exchanger to any one or both of: an alkaline hydrolysis digestor and a cleaning system fluid storage vessel. In one embodiment, the predetermined temperature comprises approximately 90 degrees Fahrenheit or 32 degrees Celsius. In one embodiment, adjusting a measurable waste characteristic of the alkaline hydrolysis waste fluid comprises adjusting a pH of the alkaline hydrolysis waste fluid within the interior treatment chamber to a predetermined pH. In one embodiment, adjusting the pH of the alkaline hydrolysis waste fluid comprises activating an acidity regulation subsystem for metered addition of one or more acids to the interior treatment chamber. In one embodiment, the acidity regulation subsystem comprises a smart pH meter in communication with an automated acid dispensing apparatus. In one embodiment, the predetermined pH comprises a neutral to slightly acidic pH in the range of approximately 6 to 7.

[0031] In one embodiment, the method comprises providing a rest phase after adding the flocculant and agitating the alkaline hydrolysis waste fluid. In one embodiment, during the rest phase, suspended solids settle as sediment at the bottom end of the treatment tank which has an approximately 30 to 60 degree cone shape to facilitate sediment collection. In one embodiment, during the rest phase, saponified fatty acids float to the top end of the treatment tank to form a surface layer.

[0032] In one embodiment, the skimming mechanism comprises any one or combination of: a floating skimmer which at least partially floats at a fluid surface level of the interior treatment chamber; a vertical track-mounted skimmer which translates vertically to suit a fluid surface level within the treatment tank; and / or a fixed weir skimmer. In one embodiment, the skimming mechanism further comprisesa skimming conduit having an expandable length and arranged for gravity -assisted flow of skimmed fatty acids to a skimmed byproduct outlet.

[0033] In one embodiment, agitating the alkaline hydrolysis waste fluid comprises activating a low-turbulence agitation apparatus. In one embodiment, the low- turbulence agitation apparatus comprises a motorized rotational mixer having a driveshaft with one or more paddles or vanes connected thereto.

[0034] In one embodiment, the method comprises a prior step of transporting the alkaline hydrolysis waste fluid from an alkaline hydrolysis disposition system or digestor to the system for treating alkaline hydrolysis waste.

[0035] In one embodiment, the method comprises a later step of cleaning the system by operating an in-situ cleaning system, the in-situ cleaning system comprising at least one fluid distribution conduit and at least one fluid distribution nozzle.

[0036] In one embodiment, the method comprises regulating inflow of alkaline hydrolysis waste fluid, addition of one or more reagents and discharge of any one or both of treated fluid and sedimented solids, via a flow control system having a pump and one or more valves.

[0037] In one embodiment, the method comprises continuously monitoring any one or combination of temperature, pressure, pH level, and chemical concentration(s) within the interior treatment chamber, via one or more smart sensors, and communicating sensed data to an external connected device.

[0038] In one embodiment, the system comprises a waste treatment management controller in communication with a digital memory having executable instructions stored thereon for automation of one or more steps of the method.

[0039] In one embodiment, the system used in the method is that as described in the above aspect.

[0040] In accordance with various other aspects, there is provided a use of a bioflocculant in a system for treating alkaline hydrolysis waste (optionally the bioflocculant comprises a chitosan-based flocculant); a use of sterile treated effluentfrom a system for treating alkaline hydrolysis waste as a fertilizer or soil additive; a use of sterile treated effluent from a system for treating alkaline hydrolysis waste for preparing a fertilizer or soil additive; a use of sedimented solids from a system for treating alkaline hydrolysis waste as a fertilizer or soil additive; a use of sedimented solids from a system for treating alkaline hydrolysis waste for preparing a fertilizer or soil additive; and a use of saponified fatty acids from a system for treating alkaline hydrolysis waste for preparing a biofuel.

[0041] In accordance with another aspect, there is provided a tissue digester system comprising: a rotatable digestor vessel comprising a lid providing interior access to the rotatable digestor vessel and configured to receive an alkaline digestion fluid and tissue for digestion, the lid configured to be sealed during operation of the tissue digester system; a pressure relief valve configured to release pressure from the rotatable digestor vessel during operation of the tissue digestor system, wherein the pressure relief valve is located on the rotatable digestor vessel such that it remains above a maximum line of height of digestion fluid when the pressure relief valve is at a lowest position during rotation; and a rotational motor unit for controllably rotating the rotatable digestor vessel along a rotation axis during operation of the tissue digester system.

[0042] In one embodiment, the rotational motor unit comprises a control system to control any one or combination of time, speed and direction of rotation. In one embodiment, the control system is configured to control any one or combination of time, speed and direction, based on user commands. In one embodiment, the control system is configured to control any one or combination of time, speed and direction, based on a pre-determined series of rotation steps.

[0043] In one embodiment, the pressure relief valve is configured to release pressure in response to a pressure release signal. In one embodiment, the pressure release signal is triggered by one or more of: a user-generated signal, a sensed temperature in the rotatable digestion vessel, a sensed pressure in the rotatable digestion vessel, a pre-determined pressure release time, and as part of a predetermined digestion cycle.

[0044] In one embodiment, the rotational motor unit comprises a motor having an adjustable vessel-connecting mechanism for releasably engaging the rotatable digestor vessel. In one embodiment, the adjustable vessel-connecting mechanism comprises any one of: a chuck, a clamp or a vice gripping mechanism.

[0045] In one embodiment, the system comprises an agitator arm extending into an interior of the rotatable digestor vessel. In one embodiment, the agitator arm is configured to rotate independently of the rotatable digestor vessel.

[0046] In one embodiment, the rotatable digestor vessel comprises a vessel wall with plurality of layers. In one embodiment, at least one of the plurality of layers comprises heat insulation. In one embodiment, at least one of the plurality of layers comprises a heat exchange fluid conduit through which a heat exchange fluid is flowable. In one embodiment, the heat exchange fluid comprises one or more of the following fluids: diathermic oil, mineral oil, water, silicon oil, propylene glycol, and mono-ethylene glycol. In one embodiment, the heat exchange fluid conduit is connected to an external heat exchanger. In one embodiment, the external heat exchanger comprises one or more of a heat source and a heat sink. In one embodiment, the heat source is a heater. In one embodiment, the heat sink is a heat dissipation structure.

[0047] In one embodiment, a controller controls the temperature of the tissue digester system in response to a sensed temperature in the interior of the rotatable digestor vessel during operation. In one embodiment, the controller controls temperature by controlling one or more of: a flow rate of a heat exchange fluid, a heater, and an exposure temperature associated with a heat dissipation structure.

[0048] In one embodiment, the rotatable digestor vessel comprises baffles on an interior wall thereof.

[0049] In one embodiment, the lid is arranged at one end of the rotatable digestor vessel. In one embodiment, the pressure relief valve is arranged at one end of the rotatable digestor vessel. In one embodiment, the pressure relief valve is provided in the lid.

[0050] In accordance with another aspect, there is provided a tissue digestor platform for supporting a tissue digester system, comprising: two or more support bars for supporting a rotatable digestor vessel, the two or more support bars being rotatable and substantially parallel to one another, the rotatable digester vessel comprising a lid providing interior access to the rotatable digestor vessel and configured to receive an alkaline digestion fluid and tissue for digestion, the lid configured to be sealed during digestion of the tissue; and a rotational motor unit for rotating at least one of the two or more support bars, thereby causing rotation of the supported rotatable digestor vessel during digestion of the tissue.

[0051] In one embodiment, two or more support bars accommodate multiple digestor vessels.

[0052] In one embodiment, the two or more support bars are configured to raise and lower at one end of the tissue digestor platform relative to another end.

[0053] In one embodiment, the two or more support bars include rollers on which the digestor vessel rotates. In one embodiment, the two or more support bars are in the form of support rollers.

[0054] In one embodiment, the rotatable digestor vessel comprises heat exchange fluid conduits in fluid communication, via a rotatable connection, with an external heat exchanger. In one embodiment, the heat exchange fluid conduits are integrated with a removable sleeve conformable to the rotatable digestor vessel. In one embodiment, the external heat exchanger comprises one or more of a heat source and a heat sink. In one embodiment, the heat source is a heater and wherein the heat sink is a heat dissipation structure. In one embodiment, a heat exchange controller controls heat exchange with the tissue digestor vessel. In one embodiment, the heat exchange controller controls heat exchange in response to any one or both of a sensed temperature and a sensed pressure in an interior of the rotatable digestor vessel during operation. In one embodiment, the heat exchange controller controls temperature by controlling one or more of: a flow rate of a heat exchange fluid, a heater, and an exposure temperature associated with a heat dissipation structure.

[0055] In one embodiment, the rotatable digestor vessel comprises a pressure relief valve configured to release pressure from the rotatable digestor vessel duringoperation of the tissue digestor system. In one embodiment, the pressure relief valve is located on the rotatable digestor vessel above a maximum height of digestion fluid when the pressure relief valve is at a lowest position relative to an axis of rotation of the rotatable digestor vessel. In one embodiment, the pressure relief valve is arranged on one end of the rotatable digestor vessel. In one embodiment, the pressure relief is configured to release pressure in response to a pressure release signal. In one embodiment, the pressure release signal is triggered by one or more of: a usergenerated signal, a sensed temperature in the rotatable digestion vessel, a sensed pressure in the rotatable digestion vessel, a pre-determined pressure release time, and as part of a pre-determined digestion cycle.

[0056] In accordance with another aspect, there is provided a tissue digestor system for digesting tissue with alkaline digestion fluid, comprising: a rotatable digester vessel comprising a lid providing interior access to the rotatable digestor vessel and configured to receive an alkaline digestion fluid and tissue for digestion, the lid configured to be sealed during digestion of the tissue; a tissue digestor platform formed of two or more support bars substantially parallel to one another for supporting the rotatable digestor vessel; and a rotational motor unit for rotating the rotatable digester vessel as supported by the two or more support bars.

[0057] In one embodiment, the tissue digestor platform is configured to tilt or pivot backwards and forward to promote digestion of the tissue. In one embodiment, the tissue digestor platform is tilted at an angle such that the rotatable digester vessel mounted thereto remains tilted at the angle during rotation.

[0058] In one embodiment, the two or more support bars include rollers on which the rotatable digester vessel freely rotates.

[0059] In one embodiment, the rotatable digestor vessel comprises a pressure relief valve configured to release pressure from the rotatable digestor vessel during operation of the tissue digestor system. In one embodiment, the pressure relief valve is located on the rotatable digestor vessel above a maximum height of digestion fluid when the pressure relief valve is at a lowest position relative to an axis of rotation of the rotatable digestor vessel.

[0060] In one embodiment, the rotatable digestor vessel comprises heat exchange fluid conduits in fluid communication, via a rotatable connection, with an external heat exchanger.

[0061] In accordance with another aspect, there is provided a method of digesting tissue remains in a tissue digestor system, comprising: inserting alkaline digestion fluid and tissue for digestion into a rotatable digestor vessel via a lid providing interior access to the rotatable digestor vessel, wherein the lid is configured to be sealed during operation of the tissue digestor system, and wherein the rotatable digestor vessel includes a pressure relief valve configured to release pressure from the rotatable digestor vessel during operation of the tissue digestor system; sealing the lid; tilting the rotatable digestor vessel at least to a position in which the pressure relief valve will remain above a level of the alkaline digestion fluid throughout rotation of the rotatable digestor vessel; and rotating the rotatable digestion vessel.

[0062] In one embodiment, the method further comprises: sensing one or more of temperature and pressure inside of the rotatable digestor vessel during operation; and responsive to the sensing, controlling heat transfer between the interior of the rotatable digestor vessel and a heat exchange fluid in conduits surrounding the rotatable digestor vessel that is in fluid communication with an external heat exchanger.

[0063] In one embodiment, a heat exchange controller controls heat transfer with the rotatable digestor vessel by controlling one or more of: a flow rate of the heat exchange fluid, a heater temperature, and an exposure temperature associated with a heat dissipation structure.

[0064] In one embodiment, the pressure relief valve is located on the rotatable digestor vessel above a maximum height of digestion fluid when the pressure relief valve is at a lowest position relative to the axis of rotation. In one embodiment, the pressure relief valve is configured to release pressure in response to a pressure release signal. In one embodiment, the pressure release signal is triggered by one or more of: a user-generated signal, a sensed temperature in the digestion vessel, a sensed pressure in the digestion vessel, a pre-determined pressure release time, and as part of a pre-determined digestion cycle.

[0065] In accordance with another aspect, there is provided a tissue digester system, comprising: a rotatable digestor vessel comprising a lid providing interior access to the digestor vessel and configured to receive an alkaline digestion fluid and tissue for digestion, the lid configured to be sealed during operation of the tissue digester system; a rotational motor unit for controllably rotating the rotatable digestor vessel along a rotation axis during operation; one or more operational sensors for measuring one or more operational characteristics of the tissue digester system; a heat exchange system for controlling an internal temperature of the rotatable digestor vessel during operation of the tissue digester system; and a controller unit in data communication with a communications network, the controller unit configured for controlling the rotational motor unit and the heat exchange system, and for receiving sensor data from the one or more operational sensors; wherein the controller unit is configured to, based on an artificial intelligence-based data analysis of a pre-existing digestion data learning set, in association with real-time operational characteristics during operation of the tissue digester system communicated by the one or more operational sensors, access predicted optimal control settings for tissue digestion and control one or both of the heat exchange system and the rotational motor unit in accordance therewith, wherein the predicted optimal control settings comprise control instructions for one or both of the rotational motor unit and the heat exchange system.

[0066] In one embodiment, the system comprises a tilt motor unit for tilting the rotatable digestor vessel during operation. In one embodiment, tilt between horizontal and the rotation axis is tilted between 0 degrees and 90 degrees. In one embodiment, the predicted optimal control settings further comprise control instructions for the tilt motor unit.

[0067] In one embodiment, the system further comprises a fluid conduit on the rotatable digestor vessel for ingress and egress of fluid. In one embodiment, the predicted optimal control settings further comprise control instructions for introducing fluid to or removing fluid from the rotatable digestor vessel.

[0068] In one embodiment, the operational characteristics include temperature, pressure, foaming, concentration, time, rotational speed, rotational direction, tilt speed, tilt direction, agitator speed, agitator direction, optical characteristics, viscosity, flow rate, mass and volume.

[0069] In one embodiment, the predicted optimal operational characteristics for tissue digestion are generated and / or stored in a cloud-based storage system in network communication with the controller unit.

[0070] In one embodiment, the rotatable digestor vessel comprises a vessel wall with a plurality of layers. In one embodiment, at least one of the plurality of layers comprises heat insulation. In one embodiment, at least one of the plurality of layers comprises a heat exchange fluid conduit through which a heat exchange fluid is flowable. In one embodiment, the heat exchange fluid comprises one or more of the following fluids: diathermic oil, mineral oil, water, silicon oil, propylene glycol, and mono-ethylene glycol. In one embodiment, the heat exchange fluid conduit is connected to an external heat exchanger. In one embodiment, the external heat exchanger comprises one or more of a heat source and a heat sink; wherein the heat source is a heater and wherein the heat sink is a heat dissipation structure.

[0071] In accordance with another aspect, there is provided a tissue digester system, comprising: a rotatable digestor vessel comprising a lid providing interior access to the rotatable digestor vessel and configured to receive an alkaline digestion fluid and tissue for digestion, the lid configured to be sealed during operation of the tissue digester system; a rotational motor unit for controllably rotating the rotatable digestor vessel along a rotation axis during operation; one or more operational sensors for measuring one or more operational characteristics of the tissue digester system; a heat exchange system for controlling an internal temperature of the rotatable digestor vessel during operation; and a controller unit in data communication with a communications network, the controller unit configured for controlling the rotational motor unit and the heat exchange system, and for receiving sensor data from the one or more operational sensors; wherein the controller unit is configured to generate, in accordance with a pre-defined hash function, a hashed operational data token based on digestion information associated with a particular use of the tissue digester system, and communicate the hashed operational data token over the communications network to a distributed immutable ledger.

[0072] In one embodiment, the system comprises a tilt motor unit for tilting the rotatable digestor vessel during operation. In one embodiment, tilt between horizontal and the rotation axis is tilted between 0 degrees and 90 degrees. In one embodiment,the predicted optimal control settings further comprise control instructions for the tilt motor unit.

[0073] In one embodiment, the system further comprises a fluid conduit on the rotatable digestor vessel for ingress and egress of fluid.

[0074] In one embodiment, the predicted optimal control settings further comprise control instructions for introducing fluid to or removing fluid from the rotatable digestor vessel.

[0075] In one embodiment, the operational characteristics include temperature, pressure, foaming, concentration, time, rotational speed, rotational direction, tilt speed, tilt direction, agitator speed, agitator direction, optical characteristics, viscosity, flow rate, mass and volume.

[0076] In one embodiment, the predicted optimal operational characteristics for tissue digestion are generated and / or stored in a cloud-based storage system in data communication with the controller unit.

[0077] In one embodiment, the rotatable digestor vessel comprises a vessel wall with a plurality of layers. In one embodiment, at least one of the plurality of layers comprises heat insulation. In one embodiment, at least one of the plurality of layers comprises a heat exchange fluid conduit through which a heat exchange fluid is flowable. In one embodiment, the heat exchange fluid comprises one or more of the following fluids: diathermic oil, mineral oil, water, silicon oil, propylene glycol, and mono-ethylene glycol. In one embodiment, the heat exchange fluid conduit is connected to an external heat exchanger. In one embodiment, the external heat exchanger comprises one or more of a heat source and a heat sink; wherein the heat source is a heater and wherein the heat sink is a heat dissipation structure.

[0078] In accordance with another aspect, there is provided a tissue digester system, comprising: a digestor vessel comprising: a lid providing interior access to the rotatable digestor vessel and configured to receive an alkaline digestion fluid and tissue for digestion, the lid configured to be sealed during operation of the tissue digester system; and one or more fluid conduit for egress of effluent from the digestor vessel; one or more operational sensors for measuring one or more operationalcharacteristics of the tissue digester system and one or more effluent characteristics of the effluent; a processor unit in data communication with data storage, the controller unit configured for receiving and storing sensor data from the one or more operational sensors and the one or more effluent sensors; wherein the controller unit is configured to, based on a comparison of sensed operational characteristics and / or effluent characteristics during operation of the tissue digester system with previously stored operational characteristics and / or effluent characteristics, automatically detect a reduction in desired operational parameters of the tissue digester system.

[0079] In one embodiment, the desired operational parameters include time of digestion, extent of digestion, effluent viscosity, foaming, concentration(s), pH, and suspension of solids in effluent.

[0080] In one embodiment, an operational notification is generated upon a reduction in desired operational parameters. In one embodiment, an operational notification is generated upon an increase in desired operational parameters.

[0081] In one embodiment, operation of the issue digester system is stopped upon a reduction in desired operational parameters.

[0082] In some embodiments associated with any of the above aspects, the rotational motor unit comprises a lid-mounted motor configured to rotate the rotatable digestor vessel via engagement with the lid; and optionally rotating the rotatable digestion vessel comprising rotating the lid via a lid-mounted motor so as to rotate the rotatable digestor vessel.

[0083] In some embodiments associated with any of the above aspects, any one or both of the rotatable digestion vessel and the system is configured for operation at high pressure and high temperature; and optionally the high temperature comprises approximately 150 degrees Celsius and wherein the high pressure comprises approximately 4 bar or 58 psi.

[0084] In some embodiments associated with any of the above aspects, the pressure relief valve comprises an air bleed valve.

[0085] In some embodiments associated with any of the above “single vessel” aspects, the rotatable digestor vessel comprises an active heat exchanger arranged on or about the rotatable digestor vessel for transferring heat away therefrom after a digestive cycle; the active heat exchanger comprises a dimpled heat exchanger jacket arranged on or about the rotatable digestor vessel without impeding rotatability thereof; and / or the active heat exchanger is activated after the digestive cycle to cool digested contents within the rotatable digestor vessel to a predetermined safe range for discharge.

[0086] In some embodiments associated with any of the above “single vessel” aspects, rotation of the rotatable digestor vessel comprises rocking or tilting the rotatable digestor vessel back and forth.

[0087] Any components, subsystems, subassemblies, features and / or advantages of one aspect or embodiment of the disclosure may be equally workable or applicable to another aspect or embodiment of the disclosure.

[0088] Other aspects, features and / or advantages will become more apparent upon reading of the following non-restrictive description of specific embodiments thereof, given by way of example only with reference to the accompanying drawings.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

[0089] Several embodiments of the present disclosure will be provided, by way of examples only, with reference to the appended drawings, wherein:

[0090] Figure 1 is across-sectional view of an exemplary system for treating alkaline hydrolysis waste, in accordance with one embodiment;

[0091] Figure 2 is a three-dimensional view of an exemplary floating fatty acid skimmer forming part of the system for treating alkaline hydrolysis waste shown in Figure 1, in accordance with one embodiment;

[0092] Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view of another exemplary system for treating alkaline hydrolysis waste having an exemplary fixed side weir fatty acid skimmer, in accordance with another embodiment;

[0093] Figure 4 is a three-dimensional view of an exemplary vertical track mounted floating fatty acid skimmer, having an enlarged portion to one side, which is employable in other embodiments of the system for treating alkaline hydrolysis waste;

[0094] Figure 5 is a cross-sectional section view of an exemplary double walled, single vessel rotational alkaline hydrolysis system having a tilt stand and motor, in accordance with one embodiment;

[0095] Figure 6 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of an exemplary chuck clamping device for securing the vessel of Figure 5 to the rotational motor mechanism, in accordance with one embodiment;

[0096] Figure 7 is a cross-sectional view of another exemplary single vessel rotational alkaline hydrolysis system, tilted upwards on an angle, the system having a stationary heated chamber that the vessel fits into and rotating the vessel using a top mounted motor, in accordance with one embodiment;

[0097] Figure 8 is an end cross-sectional view of another exemplary multi-walled single vessel rotational alkaline hydrolysis system, which is supported on rollers and has fixed internal baffles for agitation of a body, in accordance with one embodiment; and

[0098] Figure 9 is a longitudinal cross-section through another exemplary multiwalled single vessel rotational alkaline hydrolysis system, wherein rotation is provided by an end gear mechanism, the system being pivotable and having an end hatch door for horizontal loading of a body, in accordance with one embodiment.

[0099] Elements in the several figures are illustrated for simplicity and clarity and have not necessarily been drawn to scale. For example, the dimensions of some of the elements in the figures may be emphasized relative to other elements for facilitating understanding of the various presently disclosed embodiments. Also, common, but well-understood elements that are useful or necessary in commercially feasible embodiments are often not depicted in order to facilitate a less obstructed view of these various embodiments of the present disclosure.DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0100] Various implementations and aspects of the specification will be described with reference to details discussed below. The following description and drawings are illustrative of the specification and are not to be construed as limiting the specification. Numerous specific details are described to provide a thorough understanding of various implementations of the present specification. However, in certain instances, well-known or conventional details are not described in order to provide a concise discussion of implementations of the present specification.

[0101] Various apparatuses and processes will be described below to provide examples of implementations of the system disclosed herein. No implementation described below limits any claimed implementation and any claimed implementations may cover processes or apparatuses that differ from those described below. The claimed implementations are not limited to apparatuses or processes having all of the features of any one apparatus or process described below or to features common to multiple or all of the apparatuses or processes described below. It is possible that an apparatus or process described below is not an implementation of any claimed subject matter.

[0102] Furthermore, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the implementations described herein. However, it will be understood by those skilled in the relevant arts that the implementations described herein may be practiced without these specific details. In other instances, well-known methods, procedures and components have not been described in detail so as not to obscure the implementations described herein.

[0103] In this specification, elements may be described as “configured to” perform one or more functions or “configured for” such functions. In general, an element that is configured to perform or configured for performing a function is enabled to perform the function, or is suitable for performing the function, or is adapted to perform the function, or is operable to perform the function, or is otherwise capable of performing the function.

[0104] It is understood that for the purpose of this specification, language of “at least one of X, Y, and Z” and “one or more of X, Y and Z” may be construed as X only, Y only, Z only, or any combination of two or more items X, Y, and Z (e.g.,XYZ, XY, YZ, ZZ, and the like). Similar logic may be applied for two or more items in any occurrence of “at least one ...” and “one or more...” language.

[0105] Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs.

[0106] Throughout the specification and claims, the following terms take the meanings explicitly associated herein, unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. The phrase “in one of the embodiments” or “in at least one of the various embodiments” as used herein does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, though it may. Furthermore, the phrase “in another embodiment” or “in some embodiments” as used herein does not necessarily refer to a different embodiment, although it may. Thus, as described below, various embodiments may be readily combined, without departing from the scope or spirit of the innovations disclosed herein.

[0107] In addition, as used herein, the term “or” is an inclusive “or” operator, and is equivalent to the term “and / or,” unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. The term “based on” is not exclusive and allows for being based on additional factors not described, unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. In addition, throughout the specification, the meaning of "a," "an," and "the" include plural references. The meaning of "in" includes "in" and "on."

[0108] As used in the specification and claims, the singular forms “a”, “an” and “the” include plural references unless the context clearly dictates otherwise.

[0109] The term “comprising” as used herein will be understood to mean that the list following is non-exhaustive and may or may not include any other additional suitable items, for example one or more further feature(s), component(s) and / or element(s) as appropriate.

[0110] The term “low turbulence” is interchangeably used with the term “low shear” in this disclosure, and vice versa. In some embodiments, as the context will indicate, the low turbulence involves minimally low turbulence still achieving the intended purpose (e.g., mixing or adding fluid), as the context will indicate.

[0111] Embodiments disclosed herein broadly provide a system and / or method for treating alkaline hydrolysis waste (or effluent from an alkaline hydrolysis system). Generally, the systems and / or methods disclosed provide solutions which address or at least ameliorate the drawbacks associated with conventional systems and / or methods for treating alkaline hydrolysis waste. Some embodiments are configured to improve the physical and / or chemical characteristics of the alkaline hydrolysis waste such that the treated effluent and / or byproduct(s) meet, for example, certain standards for certain downstream applications or disposal. Some embodiments are configured to ensure that at least a portion of the treated effluent and / or byproduct(s) from the treated alkaline hydrolysis waste is relatively uncontaminated.

[0112] Embodiments disclosed herein provide a system and / or method of treating alkaline hydrolysis waste that reduces the Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) and / or Suspended Solids (SS), and alternatively or additionally, removes or at least reduces the saponified fats. Some embodiments provide for the reduction of BOD, COD and / or SS, and / or the reduction or removal of saponified fats to the extent of meeting the acceptance criteria of the wastewater regulatory agencies for trade waste discharge into sewers. Indeed, embodiments are envisaged to ensure treated alkaline hydrolysis waste is free of contaminants, such as inorganic flocculating additives or other catalysts. Thus, some embodiments facilitate the safe and compliant discharge of treated alkaline hydrolysis waste into the conventional sewer system.

[0113] Embodiments disclosed herein provide a system and / or method of extracting saponified fatty acids, such as fats and / or oils (collectively referred to as “fats” herein for the sake of simplicity), from alkaline hydrolysis waste without contaminating the fats, such as with inorganic chemicals, thereby to allow operators to up-cycle these fats. For example, some embodiments provide for the extraction of uncontaminated fats for upcycling into biofuels. Certain embodiments are configured for efficient removal of saponified fats, so as to minimize the percentage saponified fats remaining post-treatment.

[0114] Embodiments disclosed herein provide a simple (optionally, with a single tank) and cost-effective system and / or method for removing the high organic content found in suspended solids from the alkaline hydrolysis waste, without contaminatingit, such as with inorganic chemicals, thereby to allow utilization of the suspended solids. For example, some embodiments provide for the extraction of uncontaminated suspended solids in the form of a carbon rich, natural sludge, which can be utilized as a composting component. Indeed, in some embodiments the extracted sludge has utility as a natural, hydrolyzed soil amendment or fertilizer in support of regenerative agriculture efforts. Some embodiments may, for example, provide carbon sequestration solutions.

[0115] Embodiments disclosed herein provide a system and / or method for treating alkaline hydrolysis waste, which is efficient in terms of preserving heat, and thereby, energy requirements of the system / method, and / or reducing water consumption of the system / method. Some embodiments provide a compact system whereby treatment of the alkaline hydrolysis waste is conducted in a single tank or vessel, although not limited thereto.

[0116] With reference to Figure 1, and in accordance with one exemplary embodiment, a system for treating alkaline hydrolysis waste, generally referred to using the numeral 100 and hereinafter referred to as “the system” for the sake of brevity, will now be described.

[0117] In this embodiment, the system 100 for treating alkaline hydrolysis waste comprises a treatment tank 102 defining an interior treatment chamber 104, a waste inlet 106 configured for controlled inflow of alkaline hydrolysis waste (untreated, annotated “A”) into the interior treatment chamber 104 of the treatment tank 102, a low-turbulence agitation apparatus 108 configured to agitate fluid “A” contained within the interior treatment chamber 104 at a low turbulence, a skimming mechanism 110 arranged within the treatment tank 102 (optionally at a top end 112 of the treatment tank 102) for skimming of fatty acids (annotated “B”) from an upper fluid level 114 of fluid contained within the interior treatment chamber 104; a treated fluid outlet 116 through which treated fluid (annotated “C”) is dischargeable from the treatment tank 102, and a sedimentation outlet 118 provided at a bottom end 120 of the treatment tank 102 for outflow of sedimented solids (annotated “D”)from within the interior treatment chamber 104.

[0118] In this embodiment, the treatment tank 102 defines the interior treatment chamber 104 with a singular wall. The treatment tank 102 is manufactured of one or more materials capable of withstanding an alkaline hydrolysis waste treatment process, such as stainless steel. As shown in Figure 1, the treatment tank 102 has a substantially cylindrical shaped upper body, with the bottom end 120 being substantially coned-shaped to at least partly facilitate collection of sedimented solids “D” at the lower level of the interior treatment chamber 104. In this embodiment, the bottom end 120 specifically comprises an approximately 30 to 60 degree cone shape (which at least partly assists in the collection of sediment formed from suspended solids during the treatment process). In this embodiment, the treatment tank 102 is supported atop upright stabilizing legs, as shown in Figure 1.

[0119] In this embodiment, the inflow of untreated alkaline hydrolysis waste “A” into the waste inlet 106 is controlled to avoid the inflow creating high turbulence within the interior treatment chamber 104. In this embodiment, the inflow of alkaline hydrolysis waste “A” into the waste inlet 106 is controlled via a pump and inlet valve (not shown). In this embodiment, the waste inlet 106 comprises a conduit having a conduit curvature 122 at its lower end (also considered a “curved outlet”, optionally matching the circumference of the treatment tank 102) for inflow of the alkaline hydrolysis waste “A” into the interior treatment chamber 104 in a circular, laminar flow, generally about a circumference of the interior treatment chamber 104 in this embodiment. As such, the waste inlet 106 in this embodiment is configured to provide or at least partly contribute to low-turbulence (or minimally turbulent) laminar flow within the interior treatment chamber 104. In this embodiment, the waste inlet conduit 106 enters the interior treatment chamber 104 at the top end 112 of the treatment tank 102, includes a 90-degree bend, and traverses vertically downwards within the interior treatment chamber 104, optionally along an inside face or surface of the treatment tank 102, such that the conduit curvature 122 and outlet is positioned proximate the bottom end 120 of the treatment tank 102.

[0120] In this embodiment, the low-turbulence agitation apparatus 108 is arranged and configured to agitate fluid “A” contained within the interior treatment chamber 104 with low turbulence, and to at least partly contribute to the low-turbulence laminar flow within the interior treatment chamber 104. In this embodiment, the low-turbulence agitation apparatus 108 comprises a motorized rotational mixer 124 having a driveshaft 126 to which one or more paddles or vanes 128 are connected. In this embodiment, a top-mounted motor forming part of the motorized rotational mixer 124 rotationally drives the vertical driveshaft 126 such that the one or more paddles 128 rotate within the interior treatment chamber 104 (gently, and typically at a fixed rotation rate, although variable rates may be implemented in some embodiments). The one or more paddles 128 in this embodiment are manufactured of one or more rigid materials, capable of withstanding the alkaline hydrolysis waste treatment process. As shown in Figure 1, paddles 128 are provided at two positions along the length of the driveshaft 126 in this embodiment.

[0121] In this embodiment, the skimming mechanism 110 is arranged at the top end 112 of the treatment tank for skimming of accumulated saponified fatty acids “B”, a byproduct of the alkaline hydrolysis waste treatment process, from the upper fluid level 114 within the interior treatment chamber 104. In Figure 1, the skimming mechanism 110 comprises a floating skimmer 130 which at least partially floats at a surface level of fluid contained within the interior treatment chamber 104, as well as a skimming conduit 132 which is connected to the floating skimmer 130 and which is arranged for gravity-assisted flow of skimmed fatty acids to a skimmed byproduct outlet 134. Notably, the skimmed byproduct outlet 134 is in this embodiment in fluid communication with a skimmed byproduct catchment vessel (not shown). In this embodiment, provision of a floating skimmer 130 (mechanism) is useful since embodiments of the alkaline hydrolysis waste treatment process, as will be described, result in the saponification of fatty acids from the alkaline hydrolysis waste, forming the upper fluid level 114 or upper surface layer within the interior treatment chamber 104 by means of accumulation. Indeed, saponified fatty acids “B” are known to float on water or other solutions due to the amphiphilic nature of the long hydrocarbon chains and polar carboxylate groups, which have a tendency to form a surface layer on the water or solution. As such, accumulation of the saponified fatty acids “B” to form the upper fluid level 114 or upper surface layer within the interior treatment chamber 104 is as a result of the treatment process disclosed herein.

[0122] In this embodiment, the system 100 is provided with the treated fluid outlet 116 through which treated fluid “C”, a byproduct of the alkaline hydrolysiswaste treatment process, egresses the treatment tank 102, typically after completion of the alkaline hydrolysis waste treatment process. In this embodiment, the treated fluid outlet 116 includes a valve (not shown) for regulating outflow of the treated fluid. Notably, the treated fluid outlet 116 is in this embodiment in fluid communication with a treated fluid catchment vessel (not shown). In the treated fluid catchment vessel (“holding tank”), in this embodiment, the sterile treated fluid “C” is further processed by, for example, aeration and / or the addition of additives beneficial to a downstream application. For example, living microbes and / or mycorrhizal fungi can be added for various soil regenerative applications, without limitation.

[0123] In this embodiment, the system 100 is provided with the sedimentation outlet 118 at a bottom end 120 of the treatment tank 102 for outflow of sedimented solids D, a carbon-rich byproduct of the alkaline hydrolysis waste treatment process, from a lower level within the interior treatment chamber 104. Notably, the sedimentation outlet 118 in this embodiment includes a sediment release tap or facet and leads to a sedimentation pipe which is in fluid communication with a sedimentation catchment vessel (not shown).

[0124] The exemplary system 100 of Figure 1 further comprises a reagent inlet port 136 (or “acid inlet port”) arranged for the introduction of one or more reagents into the interior treatment chamber 104 of the treatment tank 102. In this embodiment, the reagent inlet port 136 is provided at the top end 112 of the treatment tank 102, and comprises a lid for sealing the reagent inlet port 136 when not in use. In use, the reagent inlet port 136 is utilized in this embodiment to insert or add one or more acids (and / or flocculant in other embodiments) into the interior treatment chamber 104 for saponification of the alkaline hydrolysis waste A, in accordance with the alkaline hydrolysis waste treatment process.

[0125] In this embodiment, the system 100 comprises an active heat exchanger 140 arranged on or about the treatment tank 102 for transferring heat away from the alkaline hydrolysis waste “A” during the alkaline hydrolysis waste treatment process. Notably, alkaline hydrolysis waste received from an alkaline hydrolysis disposition system is typically at a high temperature (e.g., in the range of 100 to 150 degrees Celsius), as required for the disposition process, and therefore actively cooling by means of an active heat exchanger 140 aids in advancing the alkaline hydrolysis wastetreatment process. In this embodiment, the active heat exchanger 140 comprises a dimpled heat exchanger jacket arranged on or about the treatment tank 102, as shown in Figure 1, and forming a closed fluid circuit or manifold which is independent of the treatment tank 102. The dimpled heat exchanger jacket 140 is internally configured to direct or channel the flow of heat exchange fluid along a longest path (i.e., maximizing the surface area of the treatment tank 102), thereby increasing a contact time between the heat exchange fluid and a surface of the treatment tank 102 to maximize heat transfer. In this embodiment, the dimpled heat exchanger jacket 140 includes a closed fluid circuit of manifold comprised of multiple parallel but connected channels, forming one long closed heat transfer conduit, that maximizes the available surface area. The use of the dimpled heat exchanger jacket 140 in this embodiment not only effectively reduces heat of the waste “A”, but also advantageously provides for heat recovery. For example, heat exchange fluid circulating within the dimpled heat exchanger jacket 140 (or its closed fluid circuit or manifold) can be optionally routed back to the alkaline hydrolysis disposition machine / system (or “aquamator” or “digestor”), for use as input in further disposition processes (i.e., the next digestion cycle) and / or for rinsing purposes. Indeed, cold circuiting heat exchange fluid will warm within the dimpled heat exchanger jacket 140 over time, which may be stored separately for other uses.

[0126] The exemplary system 100 of Figure 1 further comprises a vent or ventilation port (not shown) located at the top end of the treatment tank 102 for venting the interior treatment chamber 104.

[0127] In this embodiment, the system 100 further comprises an in-situ cleaning system 150 for cleaning, sterilizing and / or rinsing the system 100 when not in use. Notably, the term “cleaning” is used interchangeably herein with the terms “sterilizing” and “rinsing”. The in-situ cleaning system 150 provides for cleaning-in- place (CIP) of the system 100, such that the system 100 and / or any components and / or subsystems thereof need not be disassembled for cleaning purposes. As shown in the embodiment of Figure 1, the in-situ cleaning system 150 comprises at least one fluid distribution conduit 152 (or hose) and at least one fluid distribution nozzle 154 (or fluid distribution unit, or fluid dispersal unit). Here the at least one fluid distribution nozzlel54 is in the form of at least one spray ball arranged to spray liquid(e.g., cleaning fluid, sanitizing fluid, water, or the like) against one, many or all internal surfaces of the treatment tank 102. This embodiment of the in-situ cleaning system 150 includes a circulating pump and plurality of valves (not shown), for circulating cleaning fluid and / or rinsing fluid, for example, about the system 100. The in-situ cleaning system 150 is configured for cleaning the treatment tank 102 (including specifically the interior treatment chamber 104), the various inlet(s) and outlet(s) thereof (e.g., waste inlet 106, reagent inlet port 136, treated fluid outlet 116, sedimentation outlet 118), the components of the various subsystems or subassemblies which come into contact with the alkaline hydrolysis waste or treated fluid (e.g., driveshaft 126 and paddles 128 of the low-turbulence agitation apparatus 108, or the floating skimmer 130 and skimming conduit 132 of the skimming mechanism 110) and optionally, any upstream or downstream holding tanks, chambers or vessels.

[0128] This embodiment of the system 100 includes a manway 160 into the treatment tank 102, arranged for access to a top portion of the interior treatment chamber 104 (the top portion of the treatment tank 102 being otherwise generally closed). In this context, the term “manway” refers to a hatch or access portal and need not necessarily include entryway of an operator, although it may in some embodiments. The manway 160, which includes a hinged door or lid for securely sealing the manway 160 in this embodiment, provides optional access to the interior treatment chamber 104 for the addition of reagents, cleaning fluids, or the like, and / or for maintenance, cleaning and / or inspection of the interior treatment chamber 104 or any componentry therein (e.g., driveshaft 126 and paddles 128 of the low-turbulence agitation apparatus 108, or the floating skimmer 130 and skimming conduit 132 of the skimming mechanism 110), without limitation. In this embodiment, the manway 160 is opened during the rest phase, although other embodiments may differ, to provide additional, passive cooling (if required). The manway 160 in this embodiment further includes a ball valve, particularly a CIP (Cleaning-In-Place) ball, which forms part of the in-situ cleaning system 150, for circulating cleaning solution in a closed loop system.

[0129] This embodiment of the system 100 further includes a viewing portal 162 for visual inspection of fluid levels and / or composition in the interior treatmentchamber 104, and / or any componentry therein. In this embodiment, the viewing portal 162 takes the form of a site glass tube accommodated within the body of the treatment tank 102, and specifically provided up an exterior of the treatment tank 102.

[0130] In this embodiment, the system 100 comprises a flow control system (not shown) having a pump and one or more valves, which regulate the flow of fluids and / or sedimented solids within the system 100 (and where appropriate, the discharge thereof from the system 100). Furthermore, this embodiment of the system 100 includes a temperature probe and a pH meter (not shown) respectively configured to determine the temperature and pH of fluid in the interior treatment chamber 104. In this embodiment, both the temperature probe and pH meter provide readings visible on or at an external surface of the treatment tank 102 such that an operator can read same and adjust the system 100 and / or treatment process accordingly.

[0131] In this embodiment, the system 100 is configured for batchwise treatment of alkaline hydrolysis waste. For example, the system 100 accommodates batches of WOOL to 1500L of waste for treatment at a time.

[0132] Turning now to Figure 2, which illustrates an exemplary skimmer mechanism 110 which forms part of the above embodiment of the system 100. As shown in more detail in Figure 2, the skimmer mechanism 110 in this embodiment is in the form of a floating fatty acid skimmer, including three spaced-apart floating skimmers 130 (or “floats” or “floating balls”) and a skimming conduit 132 (optionally, flexible) connected to all three. In this embodiment, the floats 130 are manufactured of any one or more floating materials capable of withstanding the alkaline hydrolysis waste treatment process (e.g., typically at least slightly acidic conditions, in the range of a pH of 5 to 6). The skimmer mechanism 110 further comprises a skimming funnel 138 arranged between the floats 130 in this embodiment, as shown, which includes in a skimming aperture having a level lower than that of the fluid level. The floats 130 are connected to one end of the skimming conduit 132. In use, fatty acids “B” are skimmed from the upper fluid level and / or upper surface level into the skimming funnel 138 and / or skimming aperture, which is positioned lower than the fluid surface level to pull surface materials relatively downwards, and in turn, the skimmed fatty acids “B” flow into the skimming conduit 132. In this embodiment, the skimming conduit 132 is in the form of a flexible hoseconduit which has an expandable length (e.g., via banding provided in the hose / pipe) such that the skimming conduit is 132 capable of adjusting to a range of fluid levels within the treatment tank 102. As noted elsewhere, the skimming conduit 132 is arranged in this embodiment in a generally vertical orientation to allow gravity - assisted transfer of skimmed fatty acids “B” to the skimmed byproduct outlet 134. In this embodiment, the skimming mechanism 110 also includes an adjustable handle, arranged generally above the skimming funnel 138.

[0133] Turning now to Figure 3, which illustrates another exemplary embodiment of a system 100 for treating alkaline hydrolysis waste. Features shared with the embodiment of Figure 1 are not repeated here for the sake of brevity. This embodiment, however, illustrates an exemplary fixed weir skimmer 170, or fixed side weir fatty acid skimmer, in accordance with another embodiment. Notably, whilst this embodiment also provides floatation of the weir for skimming varied fluid levels, movement of the floating weir 170 is fixed to vertical movement, particularly translating up and down a fixed vertical channel or pipe. An arrangement of the skimming mechanism 110 such as that shown in Figure 3 at least partly ensures that the skimming mechanism 110 does not engage, interfere with, or intertwine, the agitation mechanism 108 (and / or in some particular embodiments, the paddles), other agitators, or other components within system 100. As shown in this embodiment, the fixed weir skimmer 170 is this embodiment is affixed to an internal surface of the treatment tank 102, such that a weir skimmer aperture 172 of a weir skimmer conduit 174 is positioned proximate an expected fluid level of the treatment tank 102. As such, the skimming mechanism 110 is restricted to one side of the treatment tank 102. This configuration allows for saponified fatty acids (fats and oils, “B”) to enter the weir skimmer aperture 172 for transfer via the weir skimmer conduit 174 to the skimmed byproduct outlet 134. Notably, the weir skimmer conduit 174 is again in this embodiment substantially vertical or upright to allow for gravity -assisted transfer of skimmed saponified fatty acids “B” to the skimmed byproduct outlet 134. This embodiment of the skimmer mechanism 110 includes a skimmed byproduct outlet valve 176 (optionally a gate valve) for regulating outflow or discharge of skimmed saponified fatty acids “B” in use.

[0134] Turning now to Figure 4, which illustrates another exemplary skimmer mechanism 110 which may form part of an embodiment of the system 100. Features shared with the embodiment of Figure 1 are not repeated here for the sake of brevity. This embodiment, however, illustrates an exemplary vertical track-mounted skimmer 180 which is operable to translate vertically to suit a fluid level within the treatment tank 102. This embodiment of the vertical track-mounted skimmer 180 includes a vertical track 182, and a float arrangement 184 comprised of three floats arranged about a float aperture 186 which leads to a skimmer conduit 188. Notably, vertical translation of the float arrangement 184 is achieved in this embodiment with the passive floatation of at least the floats.

[0135] It is to be appreciated that various alternative embodiments of the system 100, and / or the components or subsystems / subassemblies thereof, are envisaged, without departing from the general nature and scope of the instant disclosure. Some of these embodiments or variations are now briefly described hereunder, without limitation.

[0136] In other embodiments, the treatment tank 102 may define the interior treatment chamber 104 with a double walled structure. In yet other embodiments, the treatment tank 102 may include an internal chamber and an external chamber, where the internal chamber rotates within or otherwise is configured to tilt, move or otherwise be agitated within the external chamber.

[0137] In other embodiments, the treatment tank 102 is includes one or more coatings or layers on walls of the interior treatment chamber 104 to withstand the alkaline hydrolysis waste treatment process.

[0138] In other embodiments, the bottom end 120 of the treatment tank 102 is tapered, gathered, or otherwise configured so as to facilitate the collection of sedimented solids D at the lower level of the interior treatment chamber 104. In other embodiments, the bottom end 120 of the treatment tank 102 may be coated with a non-stick coating or layer which reduces friction between the sedimented solids D and the walls of the bottom end 120 to promote downward movement of sedimented solids D under the force of gravity.

[0139] In other embodiments, the waste inlet conduit 106 may enter the interior treatment chamber 104 at any alternative position (e.g., at the bottom end 120), and with any alternative configuration without limitation (e.g., omitting the 90-degree bend and / or conduit curvature).

[0140] In other embodiments, the low-turbulence agitation apparatus 108 may comprise a motorized mixer or tilter which provides non-rotational agitation of fluid. In yet other embodiments, the low-turbulence agitation apparatus 108 may comprise a vibrational agitator.

[0141] In other embodiments, the one or more paddles 128 may be manufactured of one or more resiliently flexible materials, capable of withstanding the alkaline hydrolysis waste treatment process but providing a flexibility to reduce shear forces applied to the fluid. In other embodiments, any number, arrangement and / or configuration of paddles may be provided, without limitation. Indeed, other embodiments may, in the alternative or in addition, employ other agitation members.

[0142] In other embodiments, one or more byproducts of the alkaline hydrolysis waste treatment process may be removed, discharged or allowed to egress at any stage within the alkaline hydrolysis waste treatment process. For example, one or more byproducts may be continuously removed throughout the alkaline hydrolysis waste treatment process, whereas one or more other byproducts may be removed in one step after completion of the alkaline hydrolysis waste treatment process, without limitation.

[0143] In other embodiments, the reagent inlet port 136 may be provided at any other location and / or orientation, and / or may be utilized to insert or add any other waste treatment reagents (e.g., acids, solvents or the like) into the interior treatment chamber 104.

[0144] In other embodiments, the system 100 may include a passive heat exchanger (e.g., heat sink) arranged on or about the treatment tank 102 for transferring heat away from the alkaline hydrolysis waste A during the alkaline hydrolysis waste treatment process. In the alternative or in addition, simple convection cooling may be employed to cool the waste fluid.

[0145] In other embodiments, the in-situ cleaning system 150 (or cleaning -in- place system) comprises any number and / or configuration of components of cleaning, sterilizing and / or rinsing. For example, the in-situ cleaning system 150 may include alternative forms or configurations of fluid distribution conduit(s) (including a fluid distribution manifold) and fluid distribution nozzle(s). A plurality of types of nozzles may be employed in different embodiments, including any one or combination of: flat-fan nozzles, flood nozzles, hollow-cone nozzles, full-cone nozzles, misting nozzles, solid stream nozzles, injection nozzles, adjustable nozzles, or the like.

[0146] In other embodiments, the in-situ cleaning system 150 (or cleaning-in- place system) comprises one or more sterilizing members or devices. For example, some embodiments include ultraviolet lights, such as lights in the UVC range, for sterilizing a portion of the system 100, such as the interior treatment tank 102 (and / or contents, residual or otherwise, contained therein).

[0147] In some embodiments, the in-situ cleaning system 150 comprises a warm rinse fluid storage vessel which receives warm heat exchange fluid (e.g., warmed water) from the dimpled heat exchanger jacket 140 for use during cleaning of the system 100. In such embodiments, the dimpled heat exchanger jacket 140 provides for heat recovery from system 100 for cleaning purposes.

[0148] In other embodiments, the skimmer mechanism 110 may comprise any skimming components and / or members and may take a variety of configurations. For example, some embodiments may include any number or arrangement of floats 130 and / or skimming conduits 132 (e.g., having two or more of the arrangements shown in Figure 2) whilst other embodiments are not limited to floating skimming members. In other embodiments, the skimming conduit 132 may have a fixed length but, for example, a flexible pipe that can move between various fluid levels. In yet other embodiments, as described elsewhere, the skimmer mechanism 110 may be stationary (or devoid of rotational members), such having a simple aperture for skimming.

[0149] In other embodiments, the skimming conduit 132, weir skimmer conduit 174 or the like need not be positioned vertically or upright, nor indeed is reliance of gravity for transfer requisite for all in embodiments. In other embodiments, these conduits 132 or 174 may have any configuration and / or orientation suited to thesystem 100 design, and optionally transfer of skimmed saponified fatty acids to the skimmed byproduct outlet 134 by be pressure-driven, such as by positive or negative pressure, without limitation.

[0150] In other embodiments, vertical translation of the float arrangement 184 or similar skimming mechanism 110 may be motorized based on, for example, a known fluid level within the treatment tank 102.

[0151] In other embodiments, any one or combination of components, subassemblies and / or subsystems of system 100 are automated. In one particular embodiment, system 100 is automated in its entirety.

[0152] In other embodiments, the system 100 comprises an acidity regulation subsystem or (sub)assembly for regulating a pH of any one or combination of: fluid entering the waste inlet 106, fluid contained within the interior treatment chamber 104, fluid egressing through the treated fluid outlet 116, and / or the like. In one embodiment, for example, the acidity regulation subsystem comprises an automated acid dispensing apparatus, optionally in communication with a smart pH meter.

[0153] In other embodiments, the system 100 comprises a temperature regulation subsystem or (sub)assembly for regulating a temperature of any one or combination of: fluid entering the waste inlet 106, fluid contained within the interior treatment chamber 104, fluid egressing through the treated fluid outlet 116 and / or the like. In one embodiment, for example, the temperature regulation subsystem may include a smart temperature probe, optionally in communication with a heat transfer device for cooling and / or heating.

[0154] In other embodiments, the flow control system comprising a pump and system of valves may allow, for example, any one or combination of mixing, circulation, separation and / or discharge of effluent at various stages of the treatment system 100 (or related method), without limitation.

[0155] In some embodiments, physical characteristics such as temperature, pH and / or concentration(s) are tested manually, such as by sampling fluid within the treatment tank 102 and testing same with the appropriate probe or meter.

[0156] In some embodiments, the system 100 comprises one or more smart sensors for continuously monitoring (i.e., truly continuously or at spaced intervals considered continuous for the purposes of the application) any one or combination of temperature, pressure, pH level, chemical concentration(s), and / or the like, typically within the interior treatment chamber, and communicating sensed data to an external connected device. The term “smart sensor” is generally used in this disclosure to refer to a sensing device capable of detecting or measuring a physical characteristic (e.g., temperature, pH or concentration), and communicating sensed data to a network or network-connected component. The smart sensors envisaged typically include a microprocessor or microcontroller for processing raw data prior to communicating sensed data, and optionally communicate sensed data wirelessly (e.g., via Bluetooth®, Wi-Fi®, cellular networks, or similar wireless protocols), although they need not necessarily. As such, embodiments disclosed herein provide for intemet-of-things (IOT) implementations which will be readily understood from the context.

[0157] In some embodiments, the system 100 comprises a waste treatment management controller which is in communication with a digital memory having executable instructions stored thereon for automation of one or more components or subsystems of the system 100. The waste treatment management controller may, for example, received sensed data via a network. The waste treatment management controller may, for example, automatically activate an automated acid dispensing apparatus in response to a high pH reading reported in sensed data from a pH meter. Not all automated implementations are described here for the sake of brevity but will be readily understood from the instant disclosure. The waste treatment management controller may be in the form of a central processing unit, in some embodiments and without limitation.

[0158] In other embodiments, the system 100 includes a set of instructions stored on a digital memory which, when executed, provide a user interface through which an operator can monitor and / or adjust the alkaline hydrolysis waste process (and / or the system 100 itself) and / or a cleaning process thereof, for example. In some embodiments, the user interface is made available to the operator via a digital display associated with the system 100. In other embodiments, the user interface is made accessed by the operator via a remote user device (e.g., tablet or mobile phone). It isto be appreciated that data displayed via the user interface may stem from the controller and / or smart sensors in various embodiments and without limitation.

[0159] Whilst the embodiments described above pertain to a single tank or vessel treatment system, having the advantage of providing a compact treatment system, it is to be appreciated that one or more process of the alkaline hydrolysis waste treatment process may be carried out in one or more additional and separate tanks, vessels or chambers, there being controlled fluid communication between the two or more tanks, vessels or chambers. To provide one non-limiting example, the system 100 may include a cooling tank arranged between the alkaline hydrolysis disposition system and the treatment tank 102 of system 100, the cooling tank providing active cooling or allowing passive cooling (e.g., through conduction with atmospheric temperature) of the alkaline hydrolysis waste prior to entering the treatment tank 102. As another nonlimiting example, the treatment tank 102 may include a cooling chamber arranged adjacent the interior treatment chamber 104, for cooling the fluid prior to transfer to the latter chamber 104 for further treatment. Various multi-tank and / or multi-chamber implementations in this respect are envisaged and intended to fall within the scope of the instant disclosure.

[0160] In other embodiments, the system 100 is configured for continuous treatment of alkaline hydrolysis waste.

[0161] Turning now to another embodiment of the disclosure, there is provided a method of treating alkaline hydrolysis waste (not shown). Throughout this disclosure, the term “method” is generally used interchangeably with the term “process”, and vice versa, unless the context indicates otherwise. This embodiment of the method generally comprises the steps of: controllably introducing alkaline hydrolysis waste fluid into an interior treatment chamber of a treatment tank of a system for treating alkaline hydrolysis waste; adjusting a measurable waste characteristic of the alkaline hydrolysis waste fluid; adding a flocculant (optionally via a reagent inlet port or manway) to the interior treatment chamber at an amount suited to the volume of the alkaline hydrolysis waste fluid contained therein; agitating the alkaline hydrolysis waste fluid within the interior treatment chamber at a low turbulence; skimming fatty acids from an upper fluid level of the alkaline hydrolysis waste fluid using a skimming mechanism; and controllably discharging treated fluid from the interiortreatment chamber via a treated fluid outlet and sedimented solids from a bottom end of the interior treatment chamber via a sedimentation outlet. Notably, these steps need not be carried out in the order above, although they may be, and indeed certain steps may be carried out simultaneously. Furthermore, whilst parts of the method are here described with reference to components of system 100, for exemplary purposes, it is to be appreciated that alternative embodiments of system 100 or the components thereof may be equally workable to provide the solution(s) taught by the disclosed method.

[0162] In this embodiment, the method comprises a prior or initial step of transporting the alkaline hydrolysis waste fluid from an alkaline hydrolysis disposition system or machine to the system 100 for treating alkaline hydrolysis waste from, for example, the alkaline hydrolysis disposal of a human or animal body (i.e., “water cremation”). Typically, the waste from such processes includes a fluid or liquid portion, containing animo acids, peptides, sugars, salts, water and / or the like, and a suspended solid portion, containing brittle bone fragments (i.e., calcium phosphate) and / or the like. The liquid portion typically includes a large volume of water. Typically, the waste is discharged from the disposal system or digestor at a temperature of approximately 100 to 150 degrees Celsius and an alkaline pH of above 7 (these characteristics facilitating hydrolysis). In this embodiment, the waste is pumped with a pump (not shown) from the digestor to the waste inlet 106.

[0163] In this embodiment of the method, the step of controllably introducing alkaline hydrolysis waste fluid into an interior treatment chamber 104 of a treatment tank 102 of a system 100 for treating alkaline hydrolysis waste involves introducing the waste fluid at a flow rate and / or flow angle to facilitate low-turbulence laminar flow within the interior treatment chamber 104. Controlled introduction in this manner aims to maintains the low-turbulence laminar flow within the chamber 104, such that any treatment process already underway (e.g., settling of solids or saponification of fats) is not disturbed.

[0164] In this embodiment of the method, the step of adjusting a measurable waste characteristic of the alkaline hydrolysis waste fluid involves adjusting both a temperature and a pH of the alkaline hydrolysis waste fluid in the treatment tank 102 (the adjustments being made either simultaneously or in stepwise fashion).Temperature is adjusted by cooling the alkaline hydrolysis waste fluid within the interior treatment chamber 104 to a predetermined temperature. In this embodiment, the predetermined temperature comprises approximately 90 degrees Fahrenheit or 32 degrees Celsius, although variation is tolerable. In this embodiment, cooling the alkaline hydrolysis waste fluid comprises operating an active heat exchanger 140 which is at least partially in contact with the treatment tank 102 for transferring heat energy away from the alkaline hydrolysis waste. The active heat exchanger 140 in this embodiment comprises a dimpled heat exchanger jacket configured for arrangement on or about the treatment tank 102, the dimpled heat exchanger jacket being internally configured to direct or channel the flow of heat exchange fluid along a longest path (i.e., maximizing the surface area of the tank 102), thereby increasing a contact time between the heat exchange fluid and a surface of the tank 102 to maximize heat transfer. For example, the dimpled heat exchanger jacket is in some embodiments configured with multiple parallel but connected channels forming one long heat transfer conduit that maximizes the available surface area. In this embodiment, a relatively cooler fluid, such as cold water, is passed through the dimpled heat exchanger jacket 140, thereby travelling about the treatment tank 102. The method further includes monitoring the temperature of the waste fluid, at this stage, such that further steps are carried out upon the predetermined temperature being reached.

[0165] Adjusting the pH of the alkaline hydrolysis waste fluid within the interior treatment chamber 104 to a predetermined pH involves, in this embodiment, activating an acidity regulation subsystem for metered addition of one or more (typically liquid) acids selected from the group consisting of: nitric acid, hydrochloric acid, phosphoric acid, sulfuric acid, carbonic acid, citric acid and / or the like, to the interior treatment chamber 104 until a predetermined pH is reached. In other embodiments, such acid(s) is injected via the reagent inlet port 136. In this embodiment, the predetermined pH comprises a neutral to slightly acidic pH in the range of approximately 6 to 7. Notably, a slightly acidic solution in this embodiment promotes and / or optimizes the efficiency of the bioflocculant used, at least in part due to the relatively higher concentration of hydrogen ions available for flocculation. Such promoted or optimal efficiency of the flocculant ensures adequate removal of BOD, COD and / or SS via flocculation in this embodiment, typically to meet acceptable thresholds set by local authorities. In other embodiments, however, which employother flocculants, for example, the pH adjustment may be modified to optimize flocculation with those other flocculant(s). For example, a flocculant which is workable or optimized at a higher pH is envisaged for some embodiments, whereby less acid is required to lower the pH of the waste fluid “A” (for optimal flocculation of organic materials therein). In this regard, it is to be appreciated that in some embodiments, the treated fluid “C” discharged from the method (and / or system 100) has a pH of up to approximately 10, and is still considered a pH acceptable for trade waste sewer discharge, (i.e., acceptable to local authorities). The method further includes monitoring the pH of the waste fluid, at this stage, such that further steps are carried out upon the predetermined pH being reached.

[0166] Temperature and pH, along with other measurable characteristics for adjustment (e.g., concentration), may be monitored with direct reporting sensors or otherwise with smart sensors in communication with the relevant adjustment means (e.g., automated acid dispensing apparatus or heat exchanger) via a network, for example, in different embodiments of the method. Notably, temperature, pH and / or concentration control in the method (and / or system) is important in some embodiments for the alkaline hydrolysis treatment process. For example, temperature, pH and / or concentration will impact the saponification of fatty acids, the settling of suspended solids and / or the like.

[0167] In this embodiment of the method, the step of adding a flocculant via manway 160 (or, in some embodiments, via a reagent inlet port 136) to the interior treatment chamber 104 at an amount suited to the volume of the alkaline hydrolysis waste fluid contained therein involves determining the amount suited to the volume of the alkaline hydrolysis waste fluid and dispensing the amount of flocculant. In this embodiment, the volume is visually inspected via the viewing portal 162 and an operator determines the amount of flocculant required to, for example, effectively or at least partly remove high organic suspended solids (SS) from the waste fluid, thereby to at least partly reduce the Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) of the treated fluid “C” (considered the “effluent” of the treatment process / method). In this embodiment, the flocculant comprises a bioflocculant, which is biodegradable and thus considered safe and / or environmentally friendly. More specifically, a bioflocculant is selected in thisembodiment at least in part due to its biocompatibility and non-toxicity. In one embodiment, the flocculant comprises a chitosan-based bioflocculant, which may be plant, animal or microbial based, without limitation. Use of such bioflocculants in this embodiment is advantageous for the downstream utility of byproducts, and / or for disposal of the effluent (“C”), as will become apparent. In this embodiment, a chitosan-based bioflocculant of a dosage sufficient to reduce BOD, COD and / or SS is intended to be used, such that the treated fluid effluent “C” meets local trade waste limits, such as those imposed by municipalities.

[0168] In this embodiment of the method, the step of agitating the alkaline hydrolysis waste fluid within the interior treatment chamber 104 at a low turbulence comprises activating a low-turbulence agitation apparatus 108. One embodiment of the low-turbulence agitation apparatus 108 workable comprises a motorized rotational mixer 124 (the mixer 124 having a motor, as shown) having a driveshaft 126 with one or more paddles or vanes 128 connected thereto; however, various alternative embodiments are envisaged in different embodiments (including having different agitation movements and / or orientations, such as tilting). With gentle agitation, providing low-turbulence and / or low shear, the acid(s) and flocculant added mix thoroughly with the waste fluid “A”, thereby to promote saponification and / or flocculation. In this embodiment, the step of agitating the alkaline hydrolysis waste fluid within the interior treatment chamber 104 at a low turbulence is carried out for a period of approximately 15 minutes, although the period required may vary between embodiments and / or load volume.

[0169] After adding the bioflocculant and agitating the waste-bioflocculant solution, the method includes providing a rest phase in this embodiment. During this rest phase, which may persist for a predetermined period of time, flocculation is at least in part promoted by ceasing any agitation within the interior treatment chamber 104, thereby reducing turbulence and / or shear to a greater extent, even to zero. During the rest phase, suspended solids, including suspended organic material, floc and settle as sediment “D” at the bottom end 120 of the treatment tank 102, which has an approximately 30 to 60 degree cone shape. Furthermore, during this rest phase, saponified fatty acids “B” are allowed to float to a top end 112 of the treatment tank 102 to form a surface layer or upper fluid level 114, at least in part due to the ceasingof agitation, thereby reducing turbulence and / or shear. In some embodiments, the rest phase requires approximately 30 to 60 minutes.

[0170] In this embodiment of the method, the step of skimming fatty acids “B” from an upper fluid level of the alkaline hydrolysis waste fluid in the interior treatment chamber 104 using a skimming mechanism 110 is generally a passive step facilitated by the provision of the skimming mechanism 110 within the treatment tank 102 (although other active skimming embodiments are also envisaged). In various embodiments, the skimming mechanism 110 comprises any one or combination of: a floating skimmer 130, a vertical track mounted skimmer 180, and / or a fixed weir skimmer 170. Generally, although not applicable to all embodiments, the skimmer 130, 170 or 180 is connected to a skimming conduit which is arranged for gravity- assisted flow of skimmed fatty acids “B” to a skimmed byproduct outlet 134. The step of skimming fatty acids “B” prior to the discharge of the treated fluid “C” (effluent) is advantageous in this embodiment since it at least partly prevents the risk of clogging sewers or fat traps with solidified fats (e.g., animal fats), and / or renders the treated fluid “C” compliant for local trade waste requirements, such as those imposed by municipalities. Additionally or in the alternative, the step of skimming fatty acids “B” provides a valuable byproduct which may, for example, be upcycled for use as a biofuel, or otherwise composted effectively with wood chips and fungi (for example).

[0171] In this embodiment of the method, the step of discharging treated fluid “C” from the interior treatment chamber 104 via a treated fluid outlet 116 and / or sedimented solids “D” from a bottom end of the interior treatment chamber via a sedimentation outlet includes discharging the treating fluid “C”, initially, before discharging the sedimented solids “D”, both being discharged to respective catchment vessels. Both the treated fluid “C” and the sedimented solids “D” are captured in respective catchment vessels (or “holding tanks”), in this embodiment.

[0172] The method further includes a step of regulating flow within the system 100, including regulating inflow of alkaline hydrolysis waste fluid, addition of one or more reagents (e.g., acid(s) and / or bioflocculant and / or other treatment agents), and discharge of any one or both of treated fluid “C” and sedimented solids “D”, in this embodiment, via a flow control system having a pump and one or more valves (not shown). For example, as noted above, treated fluid “C” is typically discharged prior tosedimented solids “D” (the sedimented solids “D” often including a portion of residual treated fluid “C”, for example).

[0173] This embodiment of the method (and the related system) thus provides for the adjustment of pH, flocculation of suspended solids (e.g., suspended organic material), skimming of fatty acids (e.g., fats and oils), and separation of sludge or sediment accumulated. Indeed, based on at least the foregoing description of this embodiment of the method, the treatment process takes alkaline hydrolysis waste “A” (e.g., from an aquamator or digestor machine) and treats it to result in skimmed saponified fatty acids “B” (“floating top surface fats”), treated fluid “C” (“clear liquor”), and sedimented solids “D” (“settled sludge material”). Any one or more of the foregoing products or byproducts may be relatively free of contaminants (e.g., chemicals) and / or may be suited for a particular downstream application. For example, the skimmed saponified fatty acids “B” could be utilized as a biofuel or a portion thereof, and the sedimented solids “D” typically having rich organic matter could be utilized in as a hydrolyzed fertilizer, soil additive or compost (optionally pH being adjusted). Notably, the treated fluid “C” in this embodiment is a clear fluid, typically liquid, and is suitable for discharge into a municipal sewer system without further treatment. Additionally, or alternatively, the treated fluid “C” in this embodiment is suitable for use as a fertilizer. Indeed, in some embodiments of the method, further steps suited for downstream application(s) are provided, including aerating the treated fluid “C” in the treated fluid catchment vessel and / or adding beneficial additives to the treated fluid “C”, such as living microbes and / or mycorrhizal fungi, for various soil regenerative applications, without limitation.

[0174] This embodiment of the method further includes the later, optional, step of cleaning the system 100 by operating an in-situ cleaning system 150 (or cleaning-in- place system) to clean, sanitize and / or rinse the conduits and / or chamber(s) of the system. In this embodiment, the in-situ cleaning system 150 which is activated for cleaning comprises at least one fluid distribution conduit 152 and at least one fluid distribution nozzle 154 (e.g., spray balls).

[0175] It is to be appreciated that various alternative embodiments of the method or process are envisaged, without departing from the general nature and scope of theinstant disclosure. Some of these embodiments or variations are now briefly described hereunder, without limitation.

[0176] In other embodiments of the method, where the treated fluid “C” effluent is not to be discharged to a sewer, for example, or otherwise has lower requirements for SS, the method may exclude or omit the step of adding a flocculant (notably, the same applies mutated mutandis to the systems 100 disclosed herein).

[0177] In other embodiments of the method, the volume of alkaline hydrolysis waste fluid contained in the interior treatment chamber 104 is determined by one or more load sensors or piezoelectric sensors, for example.

[0178] Other bioflocculants may be used in other embodiments, including microbial, animal-based and plant-based flocculants. Yet other embodiments may employ other flocculants, which need not be biodegradable or environmentally friendly, such as chemical flocculants.

[0179] In other embodiments, the step of skimming fatty acids from an upper fluid level of the alkaline hydrolysis waste fluid may comprise active skimming whereby a skimming device is motored or energized, for example, to facilitate skimming.

[0180] In other embodiments, the method comprises continuously monitoring any one or combination of temperature, pressure, pH level, chemical concentration(s) and / or the like, within the interior treatment chamber 104, via one or more smart sensors, and optionally communicating sensed data to an external connected device. The external connected device may include a PCB, a user device or the like, without limitation. Communication of sensed data to the external connected device may be either via wired connection or wireless connection in different embodiments.

[0181] In some embodiments, continuous monitoring and / or management of the system 100 is facilitated by the inclusion of a waste treatment management controller in the system, the controller in communication with a digital (storage) memory having executable instructions stored thereon for automation of one or more steps of the method. In some embodiments, the method includes generating a user interface based on stored instructions, whereby the user interface is operable to display sensed data oroperational parameters, and / or to accept operator input commands pertaining to one or more components of the system 100 (e.g., to increase alkalinity of fluid).

[0182] Further embodiments disclosed herein provide various examples of a single vessel rotational alkaline hydrolysis system (and a related method) which addresses or at least ameliorates some of the drawbacks or deficiencies associated with previous solutions, including conventional two-vessel (rotational) alkaline hydrolysis systems. Some embodiments provide for a single vessel alkaline hydrolysis system, optionally having double walls, which provides a space-saving or compact, effective and / or commercially viable alternative to two-vessel systems for the alkaline hydrolysis disposition of human and / or animal bodies. Some embodiments provide for a single vessel alkaline hydrolysis system provide for a system which can be readily scaled up or down for different applications. For example, embodiments disclosed provide for a “desktop” or “workbench” single vessel rotational alkaline hydrolysis system, which is optionally portable, for use in digesting small animals such as pets or other smaller delicate animals, or otherwise for use in digesting small biological tissue (e.g., tissue samples, lab tissue, operating theatre tissue, or the tike). Other embodiments disclosed provide for a “commercial” single vessel rotational alkaline hydrolysis system, which is optionally relatively large, for use in digesting large animals such as farm animals, or otherwise for digesting multiple animals (or humans) simultaneously.

[0183] Embodiments disclosed herein provide a single vessel rotational alkaline hydrolysis system (and a related method for disposition) which is safe, efficient, durable and / or more cost-effective to process small animals (e.g., pets), whilst retaining the integrity and / or sanctity of bone remains for return to pet owners, for example. Here, the cost-effectiveness or inexpensiveness of the disclosed systems refers to the manufacture and / to operation. Some embodiments provide for single vessel rotational alkaline hydrolysis systems which achieves disposition with a heating element and temperature control, optionally with internal agitators (e.g., rotational agitators or otherwise).

[0184] At least some of the embodiments herein disclosed provide for the venting and / or equalization of a single rotatable vessel so as to provide options for nonpressurized alkaline hydrolysis systems and / or methods, without limitation. It is to beappreciated that such non-pressurized alkaline hydrolysis systems and / or methods are generally safe to operate with very little supervision.

[0185] Some embodiments disclosed herein provide rotational alkaline hydrolysis systems, typically of a single rotatable vessel nature (optionally with double walls), which are configured to accommodate, during operation, pressure release from a rotating vessel containing alkaline hydrolysis fluid therein. Related methods for alkaline hydrolysis digestion or disposition using such systems are also disclosed. Here it is to be appreciated that selection, positioning and / or configuration of a pressure release member or mechanism in such a system is curated to ensure, for example, that the pressure release is not clogged by or submerged in the alkaline hydrolysis fluid in the rotating vessel or otherwise that the alkaline hydrolysis fluid itself is not released from the rotating vessel. Some embodiments disclosed herein provide for pressure release from a rotatable digestor vessel using a pressure relief valve, for example. Some embodiments provide for an automated pressure relief valve, such as one activated by a control signal, whilst others provide a self-actuating pressure relief valve, without limitation. Embodiments disclosed provide pressure release members or mechanisms on or about a lid of the rotatable vessel, to at least in part allow pressure release without alkaline fluid (or disposition waste) release.

[0186] Embodiments disclosed herein provide rotational alkaline hydrolysis systems, typically of a single rotatable vessel nature (optionally with double walls), which are configured to maintain constant electrical supply to a rotation assembly associated therewith during operation. Related methods for alkaline hydrolysis digestion or disposition using such systems are also disclosed. Here it is to be appreciated that selection, positioning and / or configuration of a rotation assembly or mechanism in such a system is curated to ensure, for example, continuous power supply thereto during operation of the system and / or during a digestion cycle.

[0187] Some embodiments disclosed are specifically configured to provide for electrical connection and / or pressure release in rotational alkaline hydrolysis systems, typically of a single rotatable vessel nature, even when such systems further include an additional tilting movement. For example, a single digestor vessel may rotate about an axis of rotation and also be tilted longitudinally. In such an example, embodiments disclosed herein seek to provide continued electrical powering for rotationalmovement and / or tilting movement, and / or continued pressure release options, without limitation.

[0188] Embodiments disclosed herein provide rotational alkaline hydrolysis systems, typically of a single rotatable vessel nature, which provide even heating of a vessel chamber using a heat exchange fluidics system (e.g., comprising diathermic heating oil as such a fluid) and electric heating system, which may or may not be associated with the heat exchange fluidics system. Related methods for even heating of a rotatable vessel during alkaline hydrolysis digestion or disposition using such systems are also disclosed.

[0189] Embodiments disclosed herein provide rotational alkaline hydrolysis systems which accommodate several digestor vessels (e.g., several rotatable single vessel) on a single bar, roller or support for simultaneous processing of multiple bodies / tissues in distinct water cremation “containers”. Related methods for simultaneous alkaline hydrolysis digesting of multiple tissue bodies within independent rotatable vessels using such systems are also disclosed.

[0190] Some of the disclosed apparatuses, systems and methods achieve consistent digestor or disposition results by utilizing agitation provided by a combination of rotation and internal agitator(s), in the single vessel systems or multiple single vessel systems, without limitation.

[0191] One specific, non-limiting embodiment of the system provides the following: a double walled single or integrated rotatable vessel; an agitator rod extending down inside the rotatable vessel, which may be attached to a top lid; and a pressure relief valve to prevent pressure build up. This embodiment also provides that the rotatable vessel can be tilted up at an angle to ensure the pressure relief valve does not get submerged or clogged, including during operation and / or rotation.

[0192] One specific, non-limiting embodiment of the system provides the following: an insulated, double walled, cylindrical vessel with a removable end lid to receive a body and an alkaline digestion fluid, an agitator arm connected to the lid and extending into the vessel, a pressure relief valve attached to the lid, a support stand to hold the vessel in an up-tilted angle, and a motor and gear attachment to provide rotational movement to the vessel.

[0193] Embodiments disclosed herein provide rotational alkaline hydrolysis systems which have multiple layers which, in some embodiments, provide different functionality. For example, embodiments disclosed provide one or more layers for insulation and one or more layers serving as heat sinks. Some embodiments with a layer serving as a heat sink provide for active heat dissipation, such as via a heat exchange system. Embodiments disclosed include circulating a heat exchange fluid in or between layers. Further embodiments provide for an electrical heating element in one or more layers. Such embodiments allow, in some instances, for operation of the system at temperatures of up to 200 Fahrenheit or greater, without limitation; for reaching such temperatures within a shorter timeframe of commencing a digestion cycle; and / or for maintenance of such temperatures during a digestion cycle to facilitate digestion (and / or prevent heat energy loss). Notably, in some configurations, the one or more layers are provided as a jacket or jacketed layers for the rotatable digestor vessel, providing in some embodiments for rated pressure vessels. In other configurations, for example, the one or more layers may form a stationary, heated chamber, where such stationary chamber is heated by fluid (e.g., diathermic oil).

[0194] In some embodiments, there is provided a single vessel rotational alkaline hydrolysis system and method of use. In some embodiments, there is provided a double walled, single rotating vessel, with one or more of the following components: 1) a cylindrical rotating vessel with one closed end and the other end sealed with a removable lid, 2) the lid has an elongated agitator arm and a pressure relief valve attached, 3) a stand with rotational rollers to accommodate the vessel in an inclined position at an angle, optionally between 30 - 45 degrees from horizontal, 4) a motor and gear connection to the single rotating vessel to provide rotation.

[0195] In some embodiments, there is provided a method comprising one or more of the following steps, described with reference to the single vessel system. The lid is removed from the cylindrical rotating vessel and a body or part for disposition or digestion is placed inside. Hot water at approximately 120 degrees Fahrenheit and an alkaline chemical, typically potassium hydroxide, are added in the appropriate amounts for the body size, the lid with inner agitator arm is reattached and firmly sealed. The single rotating vessel is positioned on the supporting stand and tilted 30 degrees from horizontal with the lid and pressure relief valve at the high end. Rotationof the single rotating vessel is activated with a motor and gearing and allowed to run for a specified time until digestion of soft tissue is achieved. In different embodiments, rotation may be uni- or bi-directional, multi-speed, and / or comprise rest periods of no or low rotation, all of which at may follow a pre-determined pattern and / or in response to one or more sensed characteristics relating to the digestion progress (e.g. temperature, pressure, liquid volume, foaming, pH, reduction (or a failure to reduce) an amount of solids, etc. Any buildup of internal gas pressure within the chamber is relieved in this embodiment, including controllably (e.g., at a threshold level, which may or not be associated with an internal vessel temperature, digestion time, and / or other digestion-related characteristic) through the pressure relief valve attached to the chamber lid. At the end of the digestion process, the lid is removed and the contents of the vessel chamber are emptied.

[0196] In accordance with one embodiment, there is provided a tissue digester system comprising a rotatable digestor vessel comprising a lid providing interior access to the rotatable digestor vessel and configured to receive an alkaline digestion fluid and tissue for digestion, the lid configured to be sealed during operation of the tissue digester system; a pressure relief valve configured to release pressure from the rotatable vessel during operation of the tissue digestor system, wherein the pressure relief valve is located on the digestor vessel above a maximum height of digestion fluid when the pressure relief valve is at a lowest position relative to the axis of rotation; and a rotational motor unit for controllably rotating the vessel along a rotation axis during operation. Optionally provided in some embodiments, the rotational motor unit comprises a control system to control time, speed, and direction of rotation of the rotatable digestion vessel. The control system is optionally configured to control movement based on user commands and / or a pre-determined digestion cycle; this may include, for example, a pre-determined series of rotation steps and other controlled actuators that control characteristics such as temperature, pressure, and inputs and outputs of digestion fluid, water, and other materials.

[0197] Embodiments of the digester vessel may comprise one or more agitator arms extending into the interior of the vessel, which, in some embodiments, are configured to rotate or move independently of the rotatable vessel (in others, the arm(s) move with the rotatable vessel). In some embodiments, the digester vesselcomprises a vessel wall comprising one or more of: a plurality of layers, heat insulation, and heat exchange fluid conduits through which a heat exchange fluid can flow. The heat exchange fluid comprises one or more of the following, without limitation: diathermic oil, mineral oil, water, silicon oil, propylene glycol, monoethylene glycol and the like. In general, the heat exchange fluid is configured to have relatively high specific heat; it may also have a boiling point that is much higher than operating conditions; with chemical stability under heated conditions. Embodiments hereof are referred to as using diathermic oil, but other heat transfer fluids are workable in other embodiments. The heat exchange fluid conduit is connected to an external heat exchanger, in some embodiments, which is used to remove heat from, or to add heat to, the digester vessel during, before, or after operation. The external heat exchanger generally comprises, as such, one or more of a heat source (such as a heater) and a heat sink (a heat dissipation structure or a cooling source). The external heat exchanger comprises, in some embodiments, a heat exchange controller, which controls the rate at which heat is added to or removed from the digester vessel, though flow rates of the heat exchange fluid, increasing or decreasing the temperature of the heater or cooler, and / or changing residence time associated with the heat dissipation structure. The foregoing are adjustable in some embodiments in accordance with: sensed characteristics (e.g. temperature and / or pressure in the digestion vessel); a predetermined digestion cycle; safety thresholds; digestion progress; or the like. The external heat exchanger is secured to or otherwise integrated with an outside surface of the digestion vessel in some embodiments. In some embodiments, heat exchange conduits are connected to the heat exchanger via a rotatable connector (e.g. a sealed rotatable cuff) to a non-rotating external heat exchanger. Indeed, other connections to the digestion vessel may comprise rotatable connectors to permit rotation while maintaining fluid, electrical, and signal connectivity.

[0198] In accordance with another embodiment, there is provided a tissue digestor platform for supporting a tissue digester system, the platform comprising: two or more support bars, the support bars being rotatable and substantially parallel, for supporting a rotatable digestor vessel, the digester vessel comprising a lid providing interior access to the digestor vessel and configured to receive an alkaline digestion fluid and tissue for digestion, the lid configured to be sealed during digestion of the tissue; and a rotational motor unit for rotating at least one of the support bars therebycausing rotation of the supported rotatable digestor vessel during digestion of the tissue. The digestion vessel is configured in accordance with rotatable vessels and systems disclosed elsewhere herein. The support rollers in some embodiments accommodate multiple digestion vessels concurrently; the vessels may be added or removed (optionally via secure mounting) during rotation in cases where some vessels comprise greater amounts of tissue and / or tissue that takes more time to digest. The support bars are configured in some embodiments to raise and lower at one end relative to the other end, either before, during, or after operation. Raising and lowering is effected in some embodiments in order to ensure the pressure relief valve remains above the level of digestion during rotation; the level may change, for example, if the level increases or lowers during operation due to foaming, change in volume, density, or phase during digestion, or addition of materials (including digestion fluid, water, etc.). Raising and lowering is effected, additionally or alternatively, to promote contact of the digestive fluid with the tissue to promote digestions.

[0199] Embodiments hereof include digestion vessels that are inserted into a sleeve, which is for heat insulation / preservation, heat exchange control, and / or safety (i.e., to contain ruptures or breaches), in various embodiments. The sleeve comprises the heat exchange fluid conduits discussed above in some embodiments, and optionally electrically heating members.

[0200] Embodiments hereof comprise methods of digestion of tissue using the devices and systems described herein. There is provided in accordance with one embodiment, a method of digesting tissue remains in a tissue digestor system comprising: inserting alkaline digestion fluid and tissue for digestion into a rotatable digestion vessel via a lid providing interior access to the digestor vessel, the lid configured to be sealed during operation of the tissue digester system, and a pressure relief valve configured to release pressure from the vessel during operation of the tissue digestor system; sealing the lid; tilting the digestion vessel at least to a position in which the pressure relief valve will remain above the level of the digestion fluid throughout rotation of the digestion vessel; and rotating the digestion vessel. In some embodiments, there are provided digestion vessels comprising temperature sensorsand / or pressure sensors and / or other sensors for measuring conditions inside the digestion vessel during digestion.

[0201] Embodiments disclosed herein include methods comprising sensing one or more of temperature and pressure inside of the digestion vessel during operation; and / or actively controlling, in response to sensed characteristics within the digestion vessel, heat transfer between the interior of the digestion vessel and a heat exchange fluid flowing in one or more conduits surrounding the digestion vessel and in fluid communication with an external heat exchanger. Methods and systems hereof comprise controllably releasing pressure in association with digester vessels and systems comprising controllable pressure relief valves; in such methods, devices, and systems, pressure release is effected in response to a pressure release trigger or signal, the pressure release trigger or signal being, in exemplary embodiments, one or more of: a user-generated signal, a sensed temperature in the digestion vessel, a sensed pressure in the digestion vessel, a pre-determined pressure release time, and as part of a pre-determined digestion cycle, without limitation.

[0202] Turning now to Figure 5, which illustrates one exemplary tissue digester system for digesting tissue with alkaline digestion fluid in accordance with one embodiment disclosed. Whilst this embodiment provides a “desktop” or “workbench” model, the components and concepts disclosed are equally scalable to larger models. In this embodiment, the tissue digestor system 1000, comprises a rotatable digester vessel 1001 comprising a lid 1009 providing interior access to the rotatable digestor vessel 1001 and configured to receive an alkaline digestion fluid 1010 and tissue (not shown) for digestion, the lid 1009 configured to be sealed during digestion of the tissue; a tissue digestor platforml004 formed of two or more support bars 1006 substantially parallel to one another for supporting the rotatable digestor vessel 1000; and a rotational motor unit 1003 for rotating the rotatable digester vessel 1001 as supported by the two or more support bars (or platform 1004).

[0203] In this embodiment, as shown in Figure 5, the tissue digestor platform 1004 is inclined or tilted at an angle relative to the ground or the surface on which the system 1000 is placed such that the rotatable digester vessel 1001 mounted thereto remains inclined or tilted at the angle during rotation.

[0204] In this embodiment, the two or more support bars of platform 1004 include rollers 1005 on which the rotatable digester vessel 1001 freely rotates. In this embodiment, the rollers 1005 are in the form of (internal) rotational bearings, as shown in Figure 5.

[0205] This embodiment of the system 1000 employs a rotatable digestor vessel 1001 having a pressure relief valve 1008 configured to release pressure from the rotatable digestor vessel 1001 during operation of the tissue digestor system 1000. In this embodiment, the pressure relief valve 1008 comprises an air bleed valve 1008; however, it is to be appreciated that other embodiments employ other pressure relief valves or systems, which are operable to relive pressure ranging from zero (i.e., in a non-pressurized system or chamber) to 70 psi or higher (in high pressurized systems or chambers).

[0206] The air bleed valve 1008 in this embodiment is located on the rotatable digestor vessel 1001 above a maximum height of digestion fluid when the air bleed valve 1008 is at a lowest position relative to an axis of rotation of the rotatable digestor vessel. It is to be appreciated that the maximum height of digestion fluid in the vessel 1001 may vary between digestion cycles, such as depending on the amount of tissue to be digested, but that generally, a maximum height can be determined based on the maximum load that the vessel 1001 and / or system 1000 can accommodate. In this embodiment, the air bleed valve 1008 is provided on one end of the vessel 1001, specifically at the lid 1009.

[0207] This “desktop” embodiment includes double walls and is insulated. It does not include a heat exchanger, instead favoring a simplified configuration and relying on hot fluid (e.g., water) addition and / or exothermic conditions during digestion (e.g., with addition of potassium hydroxide).

[0208] In this embodiment, the lid 1009 is in the form of a threaded end cap 1009 which ensures secured connection to the vessel 1001 and sealing during a digestive cycle.

[0209] In this embodiment, the lid 1009 is also robust to support an attached agitator arm 1007. The agitator arm 1007 in this embodiment is a longitudinal agitation member which extends into the vessel 1001. The agitator arm 1007 includesone or more agitation formations along its length to provide various agitation contact points with tissue to be digested. In this embodiment, the agitator arm 1007 is mounted in a stationary manner, such that it rotates with the vessel 1001 and attached lid 1009.

[0210] In use, before commencing a digestion cycle, the lid 1009 with air bleed valve 1008 and agitator 1007 is removed from the vessel 1001 and the body is loaded into the vessel 1001. Hot water at approximately 120 degrees Fahrenheit is then added together with a measured weight of potassium hydroxide chemical, for example, to form the digestive fluid 1010. The lid 1009 is then securely reattached and the vessel1001 is mounted onto the rollers 1005 of the inclined platform 1004. The vessel 1001 is also then secured to the motor 1003 via an adjustable vessel-connecting mechanism1002 in the form of an adjustable chuck 1002 in this embodiment. The motor 1003 is activated and in this simplified “desktop” model, the speed of rotation is controlled for a predetermined duration. Once complete, the vessel 1001 is detached from the chuck 1002, the lid 1009 is opened, and the contents discharged.

[0211] Turning now to Figure 6, which illustrates an enlarged, expanded view of the adjustable chuck 1002 used in this embodiment to secure the vessel 1001 to the rotational motor unit 1003. The adjustable chuck 1002, shown on the left-hand side of Figure 6, includes expandable jaws or teeth 1012 which move apart and together by turning set screw 1013. In use, the screw 1013 is turned to activate the adjustable chuck 1002, expanding the teeth 1012 to receive one end 1011 of the vessel 1001, before the teeth 1012 are retracted to securely hold the vessel 1001. Notably, other vessel-securing mechanisms are envisioned in other embodiments, typically where such vessel-securing mechanisms facilitate or otherwise do not impede rotation of the vessel 1001.

[0212] Turning now to Figure 7, which illustrates an alternate embodiment of the system 1001 with a stationary, oil heated chamber which receives the single walled vessel 1001. Features shared with the embodiment of Figure 5 are not repeated for the sake of brevity. The vessel 1001 in this embodiment is rotated with a lid-mounted motor 1003 and chuck device 1002 (optionally within the stationary chamber). Internal rotational bearings 1005 are mounted within the stationary chamber to assist with rotation of the vessel 1001.

[0213] In this embodiment, the stationary outer chamber consists of an insulated layer encapsulating an inner jacketed layer of a heat exchange fluid 1014, which in this embodiment utilizes diathermic heating oil 1014, including mineral oil or a synthetic oil, or other fluid having one or more of a high specific heat and high thermal conductivity. Notably, heat exchange fluids utilized in various embodiments should have resistance to thermal cracking (in embodiments using hydrocarbon-based fluids) and / or chemical oxidation.

[0214] In the embodiment shown in Figure 7, there is provided an electric heating element 1015 embedded within the exchange fluid layer 1014. The electric heating element 1015, considered part of a heat exchange system, provides for heating of the vessel 1001 during digestive cycles. Here, the electric heating element 1015 is provided at one end of the vessel 1001.

[0215] The system 1000 in this embodiment is mounted on an inclined platform 1004, as shown, allowing the air bleed valve 1008, which in this embodiment is also positioned in the lid, to relieve any air or gas buildup within the vessel 1001 during a digestion cycle. In some embodiments, the angle of tilt of the vessel 1001, optionally in connection with the volume of digestor fluid plus any contents, are controlled such that the lowest location of the air bleed valve 1008 is maintained above the highest point of the fluid relative to one another during rotation and digestion operation.

[0216] In the Figure 7 embodiment, the agitator 1007 assists with soft tissue breakdown. Optionally, additional baffles or agitators (not shown) may be included with the vessel 1001 to further promote breakdown.

[0217] Turning now to Figure 7, which illustrates an end cross-sectional view of a larger, multi-walled, single vessel human tissue digestor model, in accordance with one embodiment. In this embodiment, the outer insulated layer 1001 encapsulates the inner layer of diathermic heating oil 1014. This embodiment has fixed internal baffles 1016, as shown, and is supported on roller bearings 1020. The internal baffles 1016 result in agitation and mixing of the digestor fluid and the tissue being digested therein upon rotation of the vessel 1001. The embodiment of Figure 7 may optionally be combined with any of the tilting embodiments disclosed herein.

[0218] Turning now to Figure 9, which illustrates a longitudinal cross-section through a multi-walled, single vessel rotational system for digesting human bodies, in accordance with one embodiment. This embodiment includes a pivoting platform 1017, as shown, which is arranged to cause the vessel 1001 to tilt back and forth, in addition to rotational movement. Features shared with other embodiments are not described for the sake of brevity.

[0219] In use, with the pivoting platform 1017 preferably in the horizontal position, the end hinged door 1018 is swung open, and a body is loaded into the vessel 100 before the door 1018 is securely closed. Water and alkali chemical are then added, in some cases via a continuous connection, optionally with a valve mechanism for starting and stopping fluids from entering or leaving the vessel 1001, located at or near the axis of rotation and which permits any connected conduit to spin freely and thus avoid interfering with (or being interfered or twisted by) vessel rotation. In some embodiments, a fluid connection that may be closed or opened as necessary is located the vessel wall wherein the fluid conduit is removed during operation of the system and / or rotation of the system.

[0220] Diathermic oil 1014, which is the heat exchange fluid used in the embodiment shown, is heated using the end electric heating element 1015 to control the temperature of the vessel 1001 and / or the digestion fluid (and tissue) contained therein. The vessel 1001 in this embodiment is rotated using the end gearing mechanism 1019 attached to a motor (not shown). The vessel 1001 in this embodiment is supported on roller bearing pads 1005 which are fixed to the support rollers 1020.

[0221] In addition to tilting during digestion, or as an alternative thereto, at the end of the digestion process, the vessel 1001 is tilted and / or rotated until the fluid connecter is at or near the lowest point of the vessel 1001, and the effluent liquid is drained to the alkaline hydrolysis wastewater treatment system discussed above (e.g., with reference to Figure 1). The remaining tissue is optionally cleaned using water, optionally with soap or other cleaning material(s). In some embodiments, once the cleaning fluid has been input into the vessel 1001, a cleaning cycle, which may include adding or removing additional cleaning fluid, and / or a rotational cycle, may be used to clean the undigested tissue (e.g., bones) before all the rinse water is finallydrained. The hinged lid 1018 is opened and the vessel 1001 is tilted downwards to facilitate easier collection of the clean bone remains.

[0222] Some of the aforementioned “single vessel” embodiments of system 1000 are configured for operation at high pressure and high temperature. Both the rotatable digestor vessel 1001 and / or the entire system 1000 are so configured to withstand such high temperature and pressure during operation. In some embodiments, the high temperature is approximately 150 degrees Celsius and the high pressure is approximately 4 bar or 58 psi.

[0223] It is to be appreciated that various alternative embodiments of the disclosed single vessel rotational system are envisaged, without departing from the general nature and scope of the instant disclosure. Some of these embodiments or variations are now briefly described hereunder, without limitation.

[0224] In other embodiments, the tissue digestor platform 1004 is configured to tilt or pivot backwards and forward to promote digestion of tissue.

[0225] In other embodiments of systems with tilting, the rotatable digestor vessel may take on any form or configuration.

[0226] In other embodiments, the pressure relief valve, optionally an air bleed valve 1008, is incorporated with a liquid impermeable (but gas permeable) barrier, or otherwise is configured to have fluid that enters or contacts the air bleed valve 1008 automatically expelled. Indeed, various variations or implementations are envisaged to fall within the scope of the term “air bleed valve” or “pressure relief valve”, without limitation.

[0227] In other non-pressurized embodiments, pressure is releasable from the rotatable digestor vessel via any one or combination of: a manual bleed valve, a pressure relief valve, an automatic air vent, or the like. In yet other non-pressurized embodiments, pressure is releasable to an air expansion tank, for example. In yet other embodiments, pressure is releasable via manual purging from the rotatable digestor vessel 1001.

[0228] In other embodiments, the pressure release valve, optionally an air bleed valve 1008, is positioned at any end or side of the vessel 1001 and need not be positioned within the lid 1009.

[0229] In some embodiments, the lid 1009 includes a seal, such as an o-ring, to promote sealing. In other embodiments, particularly those excluding a longitudinal agitator 1007, the lid 1009 is in the form of a hatched or hinged lid.

[0230] In other embodiments, the agitator arm 1007 is mounted in a rotatable manner, such that it rotates independent from the vessel 1001.

[0231] In other embodiments, the electric heating element 1015 is comprised of multiple, spaced apart hearing elements. In other embodiment, any arrangement or configuration of heating element(s) about the vessel 1001 are workable.

[0232] In other embodiments, the rotational motor unit comprises a lid-mounted motor which is configured to rotate the rotatable digestor vessel via engagement with the lid. Similarly, method embodiments relying on lid rotation so as to rotate the vessel are envisaged.

[0233] In other embodiments of the system 1000, the rotatable digestor vessel 1001 comprises an active heat exchanger which is arranged on or about the rotatable digestor vessel 1001 for transferring heat away therefrom after a digestive cycle. In some embodiments, the active heat exchanger comprises a dimpled heat exchanger jacket arranged on or about the rotatable digestor vessel 1001 without impeding rotatability thereof. Heat transfer fluid, such as cold water, can be circulated in the jacket in some embodiments, providing cooling of the digested contents (heat energy being transferred to the water). In some embodiments, the active heat exchanger is activated after a digestive cycle to cool digested contents within the rotatable digestor vessel 1001 to a predetermined safe range for discharge. For example, contents may be taken from a temperature of 100-150 degrees Celsius to 50 degrees Celsius, without limitation. In turn, the warmed water can be recirculated and / or reused, such as in future digestive cycles, thereby providing heat recovery.

[0234] It is to be appreciated that in some embodiments of the system 1000, without limitation, the “rotation” of the rotatable digestor vessel 1001 comprisesrocking or tilting the rotatable digestor vessel back and forth. Indeed, the term “rotation” is to be interpreted relatively broadly in this context, such that various other rotational motions are included, including rocking or tilting or swaying, amongst others.

[0235] Embodiments disclosed herein provide various levels of automation of the alkaline digestion systems, and optionally, record tracking of digestive cycles, both of which are not provided by prior solutions and both of which have respective technical and industry benefits, including, for example, preserving sanctity of remains disposal.

[0236] Further embodiments disclosed herein provide various examples of a rotational alkaline hydrolysis system (and a related method) wherein one or more sensors sense and / or monitor and / or measure various operational characteristics of the rotational alkaline hydrolysis system. In some embodiments, the sensed operational characteristics are monitored to detect, for example, a change, generally an unwanted change, in desired operational parameters; such a change in desired operational parameters may include, in some embodiments, the length of time for digesting tissue, the amount of heat or rotational energy being supplied to the system, digestion efficiency, digestion effectiveness in respect of specific types of tissue (e.g. bone, muscle, etc.), the amount of suspended solids or other contaminants in effluent removed from the system during or after operation, or any other indicator that digestion is not occurring as fast or as efficiently as possible or is resulting in an effluent that does not meet desired standards.

[0237] In some embodiments, any or all of the sensed data, operational characteristics data, and operational parameter data is collected and stored in accessible data storage, generally in association with a time index so that the data can be correlated; in some cases, the data storage may be integrated in a controller unit or a processor located on the alkaline hydrolysis system, it may be accessible via data communication over a network, or both. In some embodiments, there is provided an associated computing device (or set of computing devices) for using the stored data as a learning set in association with a machine learning or other artificial intelligence methodology to generate a model that can be used to predict operational parameter data based on collected sensed data and / or operational characteristics of an ongoing digestion process.

[0238] In some embodiments, there is provided a rotatable digestor vessel comprising a lid providing interior access to the digestor vessel. The lid, when open, is configured to receive an alkaline digestion fluid and tissue for digestion, and, when closed, is configured to be sealed during operation of the tissue digester system. Some embodiments comprise a rotational motor unit for controllably rotating the rotatable digestor vessel along a rotation axis during operation; one or more operational sensors for measuring one or more operational characteristics of the tissue digester system; a heat exchange system for controlling an internal temperature of the rotatable digestor vessel during operation of the tissue digester system; and a controller unit in data communication with a communications network, the controller unit configured for controlling the rotational motor unit and the heat exchange system, and for receiving sensor data from the one or more operational sensors. As the system performs digestion, the sensors are configured to collect operational data, such as (but not limited to) pressure and temperature. The controller unit is configured to input thermal energy or remove thermal energy by controlling the volumetric flow rate of the heat exchanger fluid through the heat exchanger and, if a heat source is present, control the temperature of the heat source, in accordance with a set of optimal operational characteristics that can be adjusted in real-time based on the Al-based model and the sensed characteristics. The controller unit is further configured to adjust the rotation speed and direction in a correspondingly similar manner.

[0239] In some embodiments, there is provided a tilting motor for causing the a rotatable digestor vessel to tilt from a loading position into a tilted position from 0° to 90°or more from its original position (as between the rotational axis and horizontal) without interfering with the freedom of the vessel to rotate. As with other controlled elements, the controller may receive an optimal set of control instructions.

[0240] In some embodiments, a given digestion can be uniquely identified in an immutable manner to generate a tamper-proof and high trust auditable records which may be associated with any remains. This provides the ability to ensure that a particular digestion process can be associated with a specific set of remains, and input information (including tissue-identifying information, including images). Operational data, including control settings, time, date, some or all of the aforementioned tissue identifying information and input information, and operational parameter informationcan be used to generate, in accordance with a pre-defined hash function, a hashed operational data token, intended to be associated with a distributed immutable ledger technology (as a non-limiting example, a blockchain DLT).

[0241] In some embodiments, there are provided tissue digestion systems that comprise sensors associated with effluent characteristics, which can be monitored to ensure either or both desired operation of the tissue digestion system and / or that effluent characteristics are maintained at desired levels; for example, within regulated levels of suspended solids or other characteristics of effluent as discussed above. In some embodiments, the sensed data associated with the effluent may be indicative of unexpected or reduced operation of the tissue digestion system. Accordingly, the sensed effluent data may form part of the Al-based model for determining, in real time, optimal control settings for implementation by the control unit. In some embodiments, the operation of the system may be suspended depending on the magnitude of the change, or the control system may automatically cause a notice or alarm to be raised such that an operator can investigate. In some embodiments, there is fluid conduit for releasing gas from the head space above the digestion fluid; in some cases, fluid release is controllable, is based on a pressure threshold, or both. In some embodiments, there is a fluid conduit for removing liquid (e.g. effluent) from, or in some cases, adding liquid to, the interior of the digestion vessel. In both such cases, any control of the fluid conduit may in some embodiments be controlled by the controller unit.

[0242] In accordance with embodiments of the instant disclosure, there may be provided digestion process monitoring and automation. Real-time sensors may, in some embodiments continuously monitor temperature, pressure, pH levels, and chemical concentrations inside the vessel to optimize desired operational parameters and / or detect unwanted or unexpected changes therein. Flow meters and Al-controlled chemical dosing systems using automated chemical dispensing in one or more controlled fluid conduits can be used to optimize KOH / HC1 usage, reduce waste, minimize effluent treatment, and manage cost. Sensors may continuously analyze load weight, density, and composition to optimize operational parameters (e.g., temperature, rotation speed, duration) to manage and optimize control settings. Some embodiments will comprise sensors to assess system vibration, temperature, andpressure to identify and in some embodiments predict mechanical failures before they occur, thereby avoiding or reducing downtime. Since embodiments disclosed herein comprise a controller and / or a processor that is in data communication with a network, there is provided remote diagnostics and monitoring, as well as control. Technicians could remotely access machine status, logs, and error codes via a cloudbased dashboard, and in some embodiments change control settings and / or desired operational parameters.

[0243] Some embodiments comprise self-cleaning and sterility verification settings and configurations. Sensors trigger an automated self-cleaning cycle when certain residue levels are detected in the vessel and / or in the effluent, or alternatively when operational characteristics are detected that are consistent with a system that requires cleaning. In some embodiments, a hashed operational data token can be associated with a cleaning process so that auditable and tamper-proof records can be generated. Similarly, in some embodiments, there are provided immutable DLT technologies, such as blockchain technology, associated with tissue and / or digestion processes. This can be used to track each service performed, ensuring transparency and compliance with regulatory bodies, as well as to provide high-trust identification of remains.

[0244] In some embodiments, there are provided automated certification and notifications. The control system may be configured in some embodiments to generate automated service reports for regulatory compliance and send secure notifications to funeral homes, veterinarians, or families.

[0245] In some embodiments, there is provided remote monitoring and control of digestion operation. In some embodiments, a cloud-based dashboard and control interface is provided that is accessible via a mobile or web browser-based application in connection with network communication (e.g. a cloud-based interface). Using such an application, operators could start, pause, or monitor cycles remotely and customers (e.g., funeral homes) could track their service progress in real time. In some cases, the system may interface with Al-based language models to answer basic about the process and voice assistants to assist with scheduling, reporting, and troubleshooting.

[0246] In some embodiments, there is provide Al-based process optimization, using Al models based on learning sets associated with prior digestion processes for which associated data has been acquired and stored. Using such models, a system controller can implement optimized control settings to, for example: (1) implement optimized rotation using adaptive rotation algorithms that, based on real-time data from sensors, adjust rotational speed, direction, and intensity based on tissue digestion; (2) implement optimal load balancing by predicting optimal weight distribution and liquid levels inside the vessel for maximum efficiency and minimal mechanical stress; (3) improve water and chemical usage efficiency; (4) real time effluent management by monitoring effluent composition and adjusting operational parameters, such as pH neutralization processes, in real time; (5) automated water and chemical reuse optimization by determining minimum required chemical concentration for effective breakdown while reducing material waste.

[0247] While the present disclosure describes various embodiments for illustrative purposes, such description is not intended to be limited to such embodiments. On the contrary, the applicant's teachings described and illustrated herein encompass various alternatives, modifications, and equivalents, without departing from the embodiments, the general scope of which is defined in the appended claims. Except to the extent necessary or inherent in the processes themselves, no particular order to steps or stages of methods or processes described in this disclosure is intended or implied. In many cases the order of process steps may be varied without changing the purpose, effect, or import of the methods described. Furthermore, many steps described with reference to methods or processes may apply mutatis mutandis to the relevant system and / or component(s) thereof, without limitation.

[0248] Information as herein shown and described in detail is fully capable of attaining the above-described object of the present disclosure, the presently preferred embodiment of the present disclosure, and is, thus, representative of the subject matter which is broadly contemplated by the present disclosure. The scope of the present disclosure fully encompasses other embodiments which may become apparent to those skilled in the art, and is to be limited, accordingly, by nothing other than the appended claims, wherein any reference to an element being made in the singular is not intended to mean "one and only one" unless explicitly so stated, but rather "one ormore." All structural and functional equivalents to the elements of the abovedescribed preferred embodiment and additional embodiments as regarded by those of ordinary skill in the art are intended to be encompassed by the present claims. Moreover, no requirement exists for a system or method to address each and every problem sought to be resolved by the present disclosure, for such to be encompassed by the present claims. Furthermore, no element, component, or method step in the present disclosure is intended to be dedicated to the public regardless of whether the element, component, or method step is explicitly recited in the claims. However, that various changes and modifications in form, material, work-piece, and fabrication material detail may be made, without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure, as set forth in the appended claims, as may be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art, are also encompassed by the disclosure.

Claims

CLAIMSWhat is claimed is:

1. A system for treating alkaline hydrolysis waste, comprising a treatment tank defining an interior treatment chamber; a waste inlet configured for controlled inflow of alkaline hydrolysis waste into the interior treatment chamber of the treatment tank; a low-turbulence agitation apparatus configured to agitate fluid contained within the interior treatment chamber at a low turbulence; a skimming mechanism arranged within the treatment tank for skimming of fatty acids from an upper fluid level of fluid contained within the interior treatment chamber; a treated fluid outlet through which treated fluid is dischargeable from the treatment tank; and a sedimentation outlet provided at a bottom end of the treatment tank for outflow of sedimented solids from the interior treatment chamber.

2. The system of claim 1, wherein any one or both of the waste inlet and the low- turbulence agitation apparatus are configured to provide low-turbulence laminar flow within the interior treatment chamber.

3. The system of either one of claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the waste inlet comprises a conduit having a conduit curvature for inflow of the alkaline hydrolysis waste in a circular, laminar flow generally about a circumference of the interior treatment chamber.

4. The system of any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the skimming mechanism comprises a floating skimmer which at least partially floats at a surface level of fluid contained within the interior treatment chamber.

5. The system of claim 4, wherein the skimming mechanism further comprises a skimming conduit connected to the floating skimmer, the skimming conduit having anexpandable length and arranged for gravity-assisted flow of skimmed fatty acids to a skimmed byproduct outlet.

6. The system of any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the skimming mechanism comprises a vertical track-mounted skimmer which translates vertically to suit a fluid level within the treatment tank.

7. The system of any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the skimming mechanism comprises a fixed weir skimmer.

8. The system of any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the low-turbulence agitation apparatus comprises a motorized rotational mixer.

9. The system of claim 8, wherein the motorized rotational mixer comprises one or more paddles or vanes connected to a driveshaft.

10. The system of any one of claims 1 to 9, comprising a reagent inlet port arranged for introduction of one or more reagents into the interior treatment chamber of the treatment tank.

11. The system of any one of claims 1 to 10, comprising an active heat exchanger arranged on or about the treatment tank for transferring heat away from the alkaline hydrolysis waste.

12. The system of claim 11, wherein the active heat exchanger comprises a dimpled heat exchanger jacket arranged on or about the treatment tank.

13. The system of either one of claim 11 or claim 12, wherein the active heat exchanger is configured to recirculate warmed heat exchange fluid to any one or both of: an alkaline hydrolysis digestor and a cleaning system fluid storage vessel.

14. The system of any one of claims 1 to 13, wherein the bottom end of the treatment tank is substantially coned-shaped.

15. The system of claim 14, wherein the bottom end of the treatment tank comprises an approximately 30 to 60 degree cone shape.

16. The system of any one of claims 1 to 15, comprising an in-situ cleaning system for cleaning the system when not in use, the in-situ cleaning system comprising at least one fluid distribution conduit and at least one fluid distribution nozzle.

17. The system of claim 16, wherein the at least one fluid distribution nozzle comprises a spray ball arranged to spray liquid against an internal surface of the treatment tank.

18. The system of any one of claims 1 to 17, wherein the treatment tank comprises a manway arranged for access to a top portion of the interior treatment chamber.

19. The system of any one of claims 1 to 18, comprising an acidity regulation subsystem for regulating a pH of any one or combination of: fluid entering the waste inlet, fluid contained within the interior treatment chamber, and fluid egressing through the treated fluid outlet.

20. The system of claim 19, wherein the acidity regulation subsystem comprises a smart pH meter in communication with an automated acid dispensing apparatus.

21. The system of any one of claims 1 to 20, comprising a temperature regulation subsystem for regulating a temperature of any one or combination of: fluid entering the waste inlet, fluid contained within the interior treatment chamber, and fluid egressing through the treated fluid outlet.

22. The system of any one of claims 1 to 21, comprising a flow control system having any one or combination of: a pump and one or more valves.

23. The system of any one of claims 1 to 22, comprising a viewing portal for visual inspection of the interior treatment chamber.

24. The system of any one of claims 1 to 23, comprising one or more smart sensors for continuously monitoring any one or combination of temperature, pressure, pH level, and chemical concentration(s) within the interior treatment chamber, and communicating sensed data to an external connected device.

25. The system of any one of claims 1 to 24, comprising a waste treatment management controller in communication with a digital memory having executable instructions stored thereon for automation of one or more components or subsystems of the system.

26. A method of treating alkaline hydrolysis waste, comprising the steps of controllably introducing alkaline hydrolysis waste fluid into an interior treatment chamber of a treatment tank of a system for treating alkaline hydrolysis waste; adjusting a measurable waste characteristic of the alkaline hydrolysis waste fluid; adding a flocculant to the interior treatment chamber at an amount suited to the volume of the alkaline hydrolysis waste fluid contained therein; agitating the alkaline hydrolysis waste fluid within the interior treatment chamber at a low turbulence; skimming fatty acids from an upper fluid level of the alkaline hydrolysis waste fluid in the interior treatment chamber using a skimming mechanism; and controllably discharging treated fluid from the interior treatment chamber via a treated fluid outlet and sedimented solids from a bottom end of the interior treatment chamber via a sedimentation outlet.

27. The method of claim 26, wherein controllably introducing the alkaline hydrolysis waste fluid comprising introducing the alkaline hydrolysis waste fluid at a flow rate and / or flow angle to facilitate low-turbulence laminar flow within the interior treatment chamber.

28. The method of either one of claim 26 or claim 27, wherein adding the flocculant comprises determining the amount suited to the volume of the alkaline hydrolysis waste fluid and dispensing the amount of flocculant.

29. The method of any one of claims 26 to 28, wherein adding the flocculant comprises adding a bioflocculant.

30. The method of any one of claims 26 to 29, wherein adding the flocculant comprises adding a chitosan-based bioflocculant.

31. The method of any one of claims 26 to 30, wherein adjusting a measurable waste characteristic of the alkaline hydrolysis waste fluid comprises adjusting any one or both of: a temperature and a pH, of the alkaline hydrolysis waste fluid.

32. The method of any one of claims 26 to 31, wherein adjusting a measurable waste characteristic of the alkaline hydrolysis waste fluid comprises cooling the alkaline hydrolysis waste fluid within the interior treatment chamber to a predetermined temperature.

33. The method of claim 32, wherein cooling the alkaline hydrolysis waste fluid comprises operating an active heat exchanger at least partially in contact with the treatment tank for transferring heat away from the alkaline hydrolysis waste.

34. The method of claim 33, wherein the active heat exchanger comprises a dimpled heat exchanger jacket arranged on or about the treatment tank.

35. The method of either one of claim 33 or claim 34, further comprising recirculating warmed heat exchange fluid from the active heat exchanger to any one or both of: an alkaline hydrolysis digestor and a cleaning system fluid storage vessel.

36. The method of any one of claims 32 to 35, wherein the predetermined temperature comprises approximately 90 degrees Fahrenheit or 32 degrees Celsius.

37. The method of any one of claims 26 to 36, wherein adjusting a measurable waste characteristic of the alkaline hydrolysis waste fluid comprises adjusting a pH of the alkaline hydrolysis waste fluid within the interior treatment chamber to a predetermined pH.

38. The method of claim 37, wherein adjusting the pH of the alkaline hydrolysis waste fluid comprises activating an acidity regulation subsystem for metered addition of one or more acids to the interior treatment chamber.

39. The method of claim 38, wherein the acidity regulation subsystem comprises a smart pH meter in communication with an automated acid dispensing apparatus.

40. The method of any one of claims 37 to 39, wherein the predetermined pH comprises a neutral to slightly acidic pH in the range of approximately 6 to 7.

41. The method of any one of claims 26 to 40, comprising providing a rest phase after adding the flocculant and agitating the alkaline hydrolysis waste fluid.

42. The method of claim 41, wherein during the rest phase, suspended solids settle as sediment at the bottom end of the treatment tank which has an approximately 30 to 60 degree cone shape to facilitate sediment collection.

43. The method of either one of claim 41 or claim 42, wherein during the rest phase, saponified fatty acids float to the top end of the treatment tank to form a surface layer.

44. The method of any one of claims 26 to 43, wherein the skimming mechanism comprises any one or combination of: a floating skimmer which at least partially floats at a fluid surface level of the interior treatment chamber; a vertical track-mounted skimmer which translates vertically to suit a fluid surface level within the treatment tank; and / or a fixed weir skimmer.

45. The method of claim 44, wherein the skimming mechanism further comprises a skimming conduit having an expandable length and arranged for gravity-assisted flow of skimmed fatty acids to a skimmed byproduct outlet.

46. The method of any one of claims 26 to 45, wherein agitating the alkaline hydrolysis waste fluid comprises activating a low-turbulence agitation apparatus.

47. The method of claim 46, wherein the low-turbulence agitation apparatus comprises a motorized rotational mixer having a driveshaft with one or more paddles or vanes connected thereto.

48. The method of any one of claims 26 to 47, comprising a prior step of transporting the alkaline hydrolysis waste fluid from an alkaline hydrolysis disposition system or digestor to the system for treating alkaline hydrolysis waste.

49. The method of any one of claims 26 to 48, comprising a later step of cleaning the system by operating an in-situ cleaning system, the in-situ cleaning system comprising at least one fluid distribution conduit and at least one fluid distribution nozzle.

50. The method of any one of claims 26 to 49, comprising regulating inflow of alkaline hydrolysis waste fluid, addition of one or more reagents and discharge of any one or both of treated fluid and sedimented solids, via a flow control system having a pump and one or more valves.

51. The method of any one of claims 26 to 50, comprising continuously monitoring any one or combination of temperature, pressure, pH level, and chemical concentration(s) within the interior treatment chamber, via one or more smart sensors, and communicating sensed data to an external connected device.

52. The method of any one of claims 26 to 51, wherein the system comprises a waste treatment management controller in communication with a digital memory having executable instructions stored thereon for automation of one or more steps of the method.

53. The method of any one of claims 26 to 52, wherein the system comprises a system as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 25.

54. Use of a bioflocculant in a system for treating alkaline hydrolysis waste.

55. The use of claim 54, wherein the bioflocculant comprises a chitosan-based flocculant.

56. Use of sterile treated effluent from a system for treating alkaline hydrolysis waste as a fertilizer or soil additive.

57. Use of sterile treated effluent from a system for treating alkaline hydrolysis waste for preparing a fertilizer or soil additive.

58. Use of sedimented solids from a system for treating alkaline hydrolysis waste as a fertilizer or soil additive.

59. Use of sedimented solids from a system for treating alkaline hydrolysis waste for preparing a fertilizer or soil additive.

60. Use of saponified fatty acids from a system for treating alkaline hydrolysis waste for preparing a biofuel.

61. A tissue digester system comprising: a rotatable digestor vessel comprising a lid providing interior access to the rotatable digestor vessel and configured to receive an alkaline digestion fluid and tissue for digestion, the lid configured to be sealed during operation of the tissue digester system; a pressure relief valve configured to release pressure from the rotatable digestor vessel during operation of the tissue digestor system, wherein the pressure relief valve is located on the rotatable digestor vessel such that it remains above a maximum line of height of digestion fluid when the pressure relief valve is at a lowest position during rotation; and a rotational motor unit for controllably rotating the rotatable digestor vessel along a rotation axis during operation of the tissue digester system.

62. The tissue digester system of claim 61, wherein the rotational motor unit comprises a control system to control any one or combination of time, speed and direction of rotation.

63. The tissue digester system of claim 62, wherein the control system is configured to control any one or combination of time, speed and direction, based on user commands.

64. The tissue digester system of either one of claim 62 or claim 63, wherein the control system is configured to control any one or combination of time, speed and direction, based on a pre-determined series of rotation steps.

65. The tissue digestor system of any one of claims 61 to 64, wherein the pressure relief valve is configured to release pressure in response to a pressure release signal.

66. The tissue digestor system of claim 65, wherein the pressure release signal is triggered by one or more of: a user-generated signal, a sensed temperature in the rotatable digestion vessel, a sensed pressure in the rotatable digestion vessel, a predetermined pressure release time, and as part of a pre-determined digestion cycle.

67. The tissue digester system of any one of claims 61 to 66, wherein the rotational motor unit comprises a motor having an adjustable vessel-connecting mechanism for releasably engaging the rotatable digestor vessel.

68. The tissue digester system of claim 67, wherein the adjustable vesselconnecting mechanism comprises any one of: a chuck, a clamp or a vice gripping mechanism.

69. The tissue digester system of any one of claims 61 to 68, wherein the system comprises an agitator arm extending into an interior of the rotatable digestor vessel.

70. The tissue digester system of claim 69, wherein the agitator arm is configured to rotate independently of the rotatable digestor vessel.

71. The tissue digester system of any one of claims 61 to 70, wherein the rotatable digestor vessel comprises a vessel wall with plurality of layers.

72. The tissue digester system of claim 71, wherein at least one of the plurality of layers comprises heat insulation.

73. The tissue digester system of either one of claim 71 or claim 72, wherein at least one of the plurality of layers comprises a heat exchange fluid conduit through which a heat exchange fluid is flowable.

74. The tissue digester system of claim 73, wherein the heat exchange fluid comprises one or more of the following fluids: diathermic oil, mineral oil, water, silicon oil, propylene glycol, and mono-ethylene glycol.

75. The tissue digester system of either one of claim 73 or claim 74, wherein the heat exchange fluid conduit is connected to an external heat exchanger.

76. The tissue digester system of claim 75, wherein the external heat exchanger comprises one or more of a heat source and a heat sink.

77. The tissue digester system of claim 76, wherein the heat source is a heater.

78. The tissue digester system of either one of claim 76 or claim 77, wherein the heat sink is a heat dissipation structure.

79. The tissue digester system of any one of claims 61 to 78, wherein a controller controls the temperature of the tissue digester system in response to a sensed temperature in the interior of the rotatable digestor vessel during operation.

80. The tissue digester system of claim 79, wherein the controller controls temperature by controlling one or more of: a flow rate of a heat exchange fluid, a heater, and an exposure temperature associated with a heat dissipation structure.

81. The tissue digester system of any one of claims 61 to 80, wherein the rotatable digestor vessel comprises baffles on an interior wall thereof.

82. The tissue digester system of any one of claims 61 to 81, wherein the lid is arranged at one end of the rotatable digestor vessel.

83. The tissue digester system of any one of claims 61 to 82, wherein the pressure relief valve is arranged at one end of the rotatable digestor vessel.

84. The tissue digester system of claim 83, wherein the pressure relief valve is provided in the lid.

85. A tissue digestor platform for supporting a tissue digester system, comprising: two or more support bars for supporting a rotatable digestor vessel, the two or more support bars being rotatable and substantially parallel to one another, the rotatable digester vessel comprising a lid providing interior access to the rotatable digestor vessel and configured to receive an alkaline digestion fluid and tissue for digestion, the lid configured to be sealed during digestion of the tissue; and a rotational motor unit for rotating at least one of the two or more support bars, thereby causing rotation of the supported rotatable digestor vessel during digestion of the tissue.

86. The tissue digestor platform of claim 85, wherein the two or more support bars accommodate multiple digestor vessels.

87. The tissue digestor platform of either one of claim 85 or claim 86, wherein the two or more support bars are configured to raise and lower at one end of the tissue digestor platform relative to another end.

88. The tissue digestor platform of any one of claims 85 to 87, wherein the two or more support bars include rollers on which the digestor vessel rotates.

89. The tissue digestor platform of any one of claims 85 to 87, wherein the two or more support bars are in the form of support rollers.

90. The tissue digester platform of any one of claims 85 to 89, wherein the rotatable digester vessel comprises heat exchange fluid conduits in fluid communication, via a rotatable connection, with an external heat exchanger.

91. The tissue digester platform of claim 90, wherein the heat exchange fluid conduits are integrated with a removable sleeve conformable to the rotatable digester vessel.

92. The tissue digester platform of either one of claim 90 or claim 91, wherein the external heat exchanger comprises one or more of a heat source and a heat sink.

93. The tissue digester platform of claim 92, wherein the heat source is a heater and wherein the heat sink is a heat dissipation structure.

94. The tissue digester platform of any one of claims 90 to 93, wherein a heat exchange controller controls heat exchange with the tissue digester vessel.

95. The tissue digester platform of claim 94, wherein the heat exchange controller controls heat exchange in response to any one or both of a sensed temperature and a sensed pressure in an interior of the rotatable digester vessel during operation.

96. The tissue digester system of either one of claim 94 or claim 95, wherein the heat exchange controller controls temperature by controlling one or more of: a flow rate of a heat exchange fluid, a heater, and an exposure temperature associated with a heat dissipation structure.

97. The tissue digestor platform of any one of claims 85 to 96, wherein the rotatable digestor vessel comprises a pressure relief valve configured to release pressure from the rotatable digestor vessel during operation of the tissue digestor system.

98. The tissue digestor platform of claim 97, wherein the pressure relief valve is located on the rotatable digestor vessel above a maximum height of digestion fluidwhen the pressure relief valve is at a lowest position relative to an axis of rotation of the rotatable digestor vessel.

99. The tissue digestor platform of either one of claim 97 or claim 98, wherein the pressure relief valve is arranged on one end of the rotatable digestor vessel.

100. The tissue digestor platform of any one of claims 97 to 99, wherein the pressure relief is configured to release pressure in response to a pressure release signal.

101. The tissue digestor platform of claim 100, wherein the pressure release signal is triggered by one or more of: a user-generated signal, a sensed temperature in the rotatable digestion vessel, a sensed pressure in the rotatable digestion vessel, a predetermined pressure release time, and as part of a pre-determined digestion cycle.

102. A tissue digestor system for digesting tissue with alkaline digestion fluid, comprising: a rotatable digester vessel comprising a lid providing interior access to the rotatable digestor vessel and configured to receive an alkaline digestion fluid and tissue for digestion, the lid configured to be sealed during digestion of the tissue; a tissue digestor platform formed of two or more support bars substantially parallel to one another for supporting the rotatable digestor vessel; and a rotational motor unit for rotating the rotatable digester vessel as supported by the two or more support bars.

103. The system of claim 102, wherein the tissue digestor platform is configured to tilt or pivot backwards and forward to promote digestion of the tissue.

104. The system of claim 102, wherein the tissue digestor platform is tilted at an angle such that the rotatable digester vessel mounted thereto remains tilted at the angle during rotation.

105. The system of any one of claims 102 to 104, wherein the two or more support bars include rollers on which the rotatable digester vessel freely rotates.

106. The system of any one of claims 102 to 105, wherein the rotatable digestor vessel comprises a pressure relief valve configured to release pressure from the rotatable digestor vessel during operation of the tissue digestor system.

107. The system of claim 106, wherein the pressure relief valve is located on the rotatable digestor vessel above a maximum height of digestion fluid when the pressure relief valve is at a lowest position relative to an axis of rotation of the rotatable digestor vessel.

108. The system of any one of claims 102 to 107, wherein the rotatable digestor vessel comprises heat exchange fluid conduits in fluid communication, via a rotatable connection, with an external heat exchanger.

109. A method of digesting tissue remains in a tissue digestor system, comprising: inserting alkaline digestion fluid and tissue for digestion into a rotatable digestor vessel via a lid providing interior access to the rotatable digestor vessel, wherein the lid is configured to be sealed during operation of the tissue digestor system, and wherein the rotatable digestor vessel includes a pressure relief valve configured to release pressure from the rotatable digestor vessel during operation of the tissue digestor system; sealing the lid; tilting the rotatable digestor vessel at least to a position in which the pressure relief valve will remain above a level of the alkaline digestion fluid throughout rotation of the rotatable digestor vessel; and rotating the rotatable digestion vessel.

110. The method of claim 109, further comprising: sensing one or more of temperature and pressure inside of the rotatable digestor vessel during operation; and responsive to the sensing, controlling heat transfer between the interior of the rotatable digestor vessel and a heat exchange fluid in conduits surrounding the rotatable digestor vessel that is in fluid communication with an external heat exchanger.

111. The method of either one of claim 109 or claim 110, wherein a heat exchange controller controls heat transfer with the rotatable digestor vessel by controlling one or more of: a flow rate of the heat exchange fluid, a heater temperature, and an exposure temperature associated with a heat dissipation structure.

112. The method of any one of claims 109 to 111, wherein the pressure relief valve is located on the rotatable digestor vessel above a maximum height of digestion fluid when the pressure relief valve is at a lowest position relative to the axis of rotation.

113. The method of any one of claims 109 to 112, wherein the pressure relief valve is configured to release pressure in response to a pressure release signal.

114. The method of claim 113, wherein the pressure release signal is triggered by one or more of: a user-generated signal, a sensed temperature in the digestion vessel, a sensed pressure in the digestion vessel, a pre-determined pressure release time, and as part of a pre-determined digestion cycle.

115. A tissue digester system, comprising: a rotatable digestor vessel comprising a lid providing interior access to the digestor vessel and configured to receive an alkaline digestion fluid and tissue for digestion, the lid configured to be sealed during operation of the tissue digester system; a rotational motor unit for controllably rotating the rotatable digestor vessel along a rotation axis during operation; one or more operational sensors for measuring one or more operational characteristics of the tissue digester system; a heat exchange system for controlling an internal temperature of the rotatable digestor vessel during operation of the tissue digester system; and a controller unit in data communication with a communications network, the controller unit configured for controlling the rotational motor unit and the heat exchange system, and for receiving sensor data from the one or more operational sensors;wherein the controller unit is configured to, based on an artificial intelligencebased data analysis of a pre-existing digestion data learning set, in association with real-time operational characteristics during operation of the tissue digester system communicated by the one or more operational sensors, access predicted optimal control settings for tissue digestion and control one or both of the heat exchange system and the rotational motor unit in accordance therewith, wherein the predicted optimal control settings comprise control instructions for one or both of the rotational motor unit and the heat exchange system.

116. The tissue digester system of claim 115, further comprising a tilt motor unit for tilting the rotatable digestor vessel during operation.

117. The tissue digester system of claim 116, wherein tilt between horizontal and the rotation axis is tilted between 0 degrees and 90 degrees.

118. The tissue digester system of either one of claim 116 or claim 117, wherein the predicted optimal control settings further comprise control instructions for the tilt motor unit.

119. The tissue digester system of any one of claims 115 to 118, wherein the system further comprises a fluid conduit on the rotatable digestor vessel for ingress and egress of fluid.

120. The tissue digester system of any one of claims 115 to 119, wherein the predicted optimal control settings further comprise control instructions for introducing fluid to or removing fluid from the rotatable digestor vessel.

121. The tissue digester system of any one of claims 115 to 120, wherein the operational characteristics include temperature, pressure, foaming, concentration, time, rotational speed, rotational direction, tilt speed, tilt direction, agitator speed, agitator direction, optical characteristics, viscosity, flow rate, mass and volume.

122. The tissue digester system of any one of claims 115 to 121, wherein the predicted optimal operational characteristics for tissue digestion are generated and / orstored in a cloud-based storage system in network communication with the controller unit.

123. The tissue digester system of any one of claims 115 to 122, wherein the rotatable digestor vessel comprises a vessel wall with a plurality of layers.

124. The tissue digester system of claim 123, wherein at least one of the plurality of layers comprises heat insulation.

125. The tissue digester system of either one of claim 123 or claim 124, wherein at least one of the plurality of layers comprises a heat exchange fluid conduit through which a heat exchange fluid is flowable.

126. The tissue digester system of claim 125, wherein the heat exchange fluid comprises one or more of the following fluids: diathermic oil, mineral oil, water, silicon oil, propylene glycol, and mono-ethylene glycol.

127. The tissue digester system of either one of claim 125 or claim 126, wherein the heat exchange fluid conduit is connected to an external heat exchanger.

128. The tissue digester system of claim 127, wherein the external heat exchanger comprises one or more of a heat source and a heat sink; wherein the heat source is a heater and wherein the heat sink is a heat dissipation structure.

129. A tissue digester system, comprising: a rotatable digestor vessel comprising a lid providing interior access to the rotatable digestor vessel and configured to receive an alkaline digestion fluid and tissue for digestion, the lid configured to be sealed during operation of the tissue digester system; a rotational motor unit for controllably rotating the rotatable digestor vessel along a rotation axis during operation; one or more operational sensors for measuring one or more operational characteristics of the tissue digester system;a heat exchange system for controlling an internal temperature of the rotatable digestor vessel during operation; and a controller unit in data communication with a communications network, the controller unit configured for controlling the rotational motor unit and the heat exchange system, and for receiving sensor data from the one or more operational sensors; wherein the controller unit is configured to generate, in accordance with a predefined hash function, a hashed operational data token based on digestion information associated with a particular use of the tissue digester system, and communicate the hashed operational data token over the communications network to a distributed immutable ledger.

130. The tissue digester system of claim 129, further comprising a tilt motor unit for tilting the rotatable digestor vessel during operation.

131. The tissue digester system of claim 130, wherein tilt between horizontal and the rotation axis is tilted between 0 degrees and 90 degrees.

132. The tissue digester system of either one of claim 130 or claim 131, wherein the predicted optimal control settings further comprise control instructions for the tilt motor unit.

133. The tissue digester system of any one of claims 129 to 132, wherein the system further comprises a fluid conduit on the rotatable digestor vessel for ingress and egress of fluid.

134. The tissue digester system of any one of claims 129 to 133, wherein the predicted optimal control settings further comprise control instructions for introducing fluid to or removing fluid from the rotatable digestor vessel.

135. The tissue digester system of any one of claims 129 to 134, wherein the operational characteristics include temperature, pressure, foaming, concentration, time, rotational speed, rotational direction, tilt speed, tilt direction, agitator speed, agitator direction, optical characteristics, viscosity, flow rate, mass and volume.

136. The tissue digester system of any one of claims 129 to 135, wherein the predicted optimal operational characteristics for tissue digestion are generated and / or stored in a cloud-based storage system in data communication with the controller unit.

137. The tissue digester system of any one of claims 129 to 136, wherein the rotatable digestor vessel comprises a vessel wall with a plurality of layers.

138. The tissue digester system of claim 137, wherein at least one of the plurality of layers comprises heat insulation.

139. The tissue digester system of either one of claim 137 or claim 138, wherein at least one of the plurality of layers comprises a heat exchange fluid conduit through which a heat exchange fluid is flowable.

140. The tissue digester system of claim 139, wherein the heat exchange fluid comprises one or more of the following fluids: diathermic oil, mineral oil, water, silicon oil, propylene glycol, and mono-ethylene glycol.

141. The tissue digester system of either one of claim 139 or claim 140, wherein the heat exchange fluid conduit is connected to an external heat exchanger.

142. The tissue digester system of claim 141, wherein the external heat exchanger comprises one or more of a heat source and a heat sink; wherein the heat source is a heater and wherein the heat sink is a heat dissipation structure.

143. A tissue digester system, comprising: a digestor vessel comprising: a lid providing interior access to the rotatable digestor vessel and configured to receive an alkaline digestion fluid and tissue for digestion, the lid configured to be sealed during operation of the tissue digester system; and one or more fluid conduit for egress of effluent from the digestor vessel;one or more operational sensors for measuring one or more operational characteristics of the tissue digester system and one or more effluent characteristics of the effluent; a processor unit in data communication with data storage, the controller unit configured for receiving and storing sensor data from the one or more operational sensors and the one or more effluent sensors; wherein the controller unit is configured to, based on a comparison of sensed operational characteristics and / or effluent characteristics during operation of the tissue digester system with previously stored operational characteristics and / or effluent characteristics, automatically detect a reduction in desired operational parameters of the tissue digester system.

144. The tissue digester system of claim 143, wherein the desired operational parameters include time of digestion, extent of digestion, effluent viscosity, foaming, concentration(s), pH, and suspension of solids in effluent.

145. The tissue digester system of claim 143 or claim 144, wherein an operational notification is generated upon a reduction in desired operational parameters.

146. The tissue digester system of any one of claims 143 to 145, wherein an operational notification is generated upon an increase in desired operational parameters.

147. The tissue digester system of any one of claims 143 to 146, wherein operation of the issue digester system is stopped upon a reduction in desired operational parameters.

148. The tissue digester system of any one of claims 61 to 84, 102 to 108, or 115 to 147, wherein the rotational motor unit comprises a lid-mounted motor configured to rotate the rotatable digestor vessel via engagement with the lid.

149. The method of any one of claims 109 to 114, wherein rotating the rotatable digestion vessel comprising rotating the lid via a lid-mounted motor so as to rotate the rotatable digestor vessel.

150. The tissue digester system of any one of claims 61 to 84, 102 to 108, or 115 to 147, wherein any one or both of the rotatable digestion vessel and the system is configured for operation at high pressure and high temperature.

151. The tissue digester system of claim 150, wherein the high temperature comprises approximately 150 degrees Celsius and wherein the high pressure comprises approximately 4 bar or 58 psi.

152. The tissue digester system of any one of claims 61 to 84, 102 to 108, or 115 to 147, wherein the pressure relief valve comprises an air bleed valve.

153. The tissue digester system of any one of claims 61 to 84, 102 to 108, or 115 to 147, wherein the rotatable digestor vessel comprises an active heat exchanger arranged on or about the rotatable digestor vessel for transferring heat away therefrom after a digestive cycle.

154. The tissue digester system of claim 153, wherein the active heat exchanger comprises a dimpled heat exchanger jacket arranged on or about the rotatable digestor vessel without impeding rotatability thereof.

155. The tissue digester system of claim 154, wherein the active heat exchanger is activated after the digestive cycle to cool digested contents within the rotatable digestor vessel to a predetermined safe range for discharge.

156. The tissue digester system of any one of claims 61 to 84, 102 to 108, or 115 to 147, wherein rotation of the rotatable digestor vessel comprises rocking or tilting the rotatable digestor vessel back and forth.

Images