Light modulation module and driving method therefor, display device, and light-emitting device

Abstract

A light modulation module and a driving method therefor, a display device, and a light-emitting device, relating to the technical fields of display and light emitting, used for changing the angle of emergent light. The light modulation module comprises at least one light modulation unit (10). The light modulation unit (10) comprises a first substrate (11), a second substrate (12), a liquid crystal layer (13), a common electrode layer (14), and a control electrode sub-module (15). The liquid crystal layer (13) comprises first liquid crystal molecules (13M). The control electrode sub-module (15) comprises at least two control electrode layers (151) and a dielectric layer (152). Each control electrode layer (151) comprises a plurality of control electrodes (151A). The orthographic projections of the plurality of control electrodes (151A) comprised in any two control electrode layers (151) on the second substrate (12) are arranged in a staggered manner in a first direction (X). Adjacent orthographic projections among the orthographic projections of the plurality of control electrodes (151A) comprised in the at least two control electrode layers (151) on the second substrate (12) are fitted.

Description

Light modulation module, driving method thereof, display device and light emitting device TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present disclosure relates to the technical field of display and light emitting, and in particular to a light modulation module, a driving method thereof, a display device and a light emitting device. BACKGROUND

[0002] When a user uses a display device such as a mobile phone, a tablet computer, a notebook computer or the like in a public place, the user often does not want others to see the content displayed on the display device. If the visual angle of the display device is large, people around the user within a certain distance range can clearly see the content displayed on the display device, which may lead to the content related to the user's privacy being leaked due to being seen by others, which is very unfavorable for the security of personal information.

[0003] SUMMARY

[0004] In one aspect, a light modulation module is provided. The light modulation module includes at least one light modulation unit. The light modulation unit includes a first substrate and a second substrate in a cell, a liquid crystal layer, a common electrode layer, and a control electrode sub-module. The liquid crystal layer is located between the first substrate and the second substrate, and includes first liquid crystal molecules. The common electrode layer is located between the first substrate and the liquid crystal layer. The control electrode sub-module is located between the second substrate and the liquid crystal layer, and includes at least two control electrode layers and a dielectric layer located between adjacent two control electrode layers; each control electrode layer includes a plurality of control electrodes arranged at intervals along a first direction. The plurality of control electrodes included in any two control electrode layers are arranged at intervals along the first direction in orthographic projection on the second substrate. The plurality of control electrodes included in the at least two control electrode layers are connected between adjacent orthographic projections in orthographic projection on the second substrate.

[0005] In some embodiments, the plurality of control electrodes of the at least two control electrode layers includes a first electrode and a second electrode. The first electrode and the second electrode are arranged adjacent to each other in orthographic projection on the second substrate. The first electrode and the second electrode have a first overlap portion in orthographic projection on the second substrate.

[0006] In some embodiments, the size of the control electrode in the first direction is a first width, and the size of the first overlap portion in the first direction is a second width. The ratio between the second width and the first width ranges from 2% to 10%.

[0007] In some embodiments, the size of the control electrode in the first direction is a first width. Between two adjacent control electrodes in the plurality of control electrodes of one control electrode layer, there is a first gap, and the size of the first gap in the first direction is a third width. The ratio between the first width and the third width is greater than or equal to 50% and less than or equal to 80%.

[0008] In some embodiments, the light modulation unit further comprises a light blocking layer. The light blocking layer comprises a plurality of light blocking patterns arranged at intervals along the first direction; the orthographic projection of one light blocking pattern on the second substrate substantially coincides with the orthographic projection of at least one control electrode on the second substrate.

[0009] In some embodiments, the surface of the first substrate close to the liquid crystal layer has a plurality of protrusions; the common electrode layer continues the shape of the plurality of protrusions; or, the surface of the second substrate close to the liquid crystal layer has a plurality of protrusions; the control electrode sub-module continues the shape of the plurality of protrusions.

[0010] In some embodiments, the surface of the protrusion close to the liquid crystal layer comprises a plurality of sub-surfaces, and one sub-surface is opposite to one or more control electrodes. The plurality of sub-surfaces are arranged in a first shape, and the first shape comprises a combination of one or more of linear shape, triangular shape and parabolic shape.

[0011] In some embodiments, the plurality of protrusions comprises a plurality of rectangular protrusions; and a gap is provided between two adjacent rectangular protrusions.

[0012] In some embodiments, the light modulation unit further comprises a first alignment film and a second alignment film. The first alignment film is located between the common electrode layer and the liquid crystal layer. The second alignment film is located between the control electrode sub-module and the liquid crystal layer. In the case that the surface of the first substrate close to the liquid crystal layer has a plurality of protrusions, the first alignment film continues the shape of the plurality of protrusions. In the case that the surface of the second substrate close to the liquid crystal layer has a plurality of protrusions, the second alignment film continues the shape of the plurality of protrusions.

[0013] In some embodiments, among the first substrate and the second substrate of the light modulation unit, the one closer to the light exit side is the light exit substrate; and the light modulation unit further comprises a linear polarizer provided on the surface of the light exit substrate away from the liquid crystal layer.

[0014] In some embodiments, the thickness of the dielectric layer is less than or equal to 100 nm.

[0015] In some embodiments, the difference between the extraordinary refractive index and the ordinary refractive index of the first liquid crystal molecules is greater than or equal to 0.2.

[0016] In some embodiments, the number of light modulation units is multiple, and the multiple light modulation units are stacked along the thickness direction of the liquid crystal layer. The arrangement direction of the control electrodes of two adjacent light modulation units is parallel or intersecting.

[0017] In some embodiments, the number of light modulation units is two, and the arrangement direction of the control electrodes of the two light modulation units is perpendicular.

[0018] In another aspect, a driving method of a light modulation module is provided. The light modulation module is any of the above-described light modulation modules. The driving method of the light modulation module includes: inputting a control voltage to the multiple control electrodes and inputting a common voltage to the common electrode layer, so as to drive the first liquid crystal molecules to deflect from the initial state to the first stable state, so that the refractive index distribution of the light modulation unit is periodically arranged along the first direction as a whole or locally.

[0019] In some embodiments, when the first liquid crystal molecules deflect to the first stable state, the light modulation unit is divided into multiple first modulation parts arranged along the first direction. The refractive index distribution of the multiple first modulation parts is the same. The first modulation part includes at least two control electrodes; and the portion corresponding to one control electrode in the first modulation part has a first refractive index.

[0020] In some embodiments, when the first liquid crystal molecules deflect to the first stable state, the multiple first refractive indexes in the first modulation part gradually decrease first and then gradually increase along the first direction, and change in a zigzag shape; or, when the first liquid crystal molecules deflect to the first stable state, the multiple first refractive indexes in the first modulation part gradually increase first and then gradually decrease along the first direction, and change in a zigzag shape.

[0021] In some embodiments, when the first liquid crystal molecules deflect to the first stable state, the multiple first refractive indexes in the first modulation part gradually decrease first and then gradually increase along the first direction, and change in a parabolic shape; or, when the first liquid crystal molecules deflect to the first stable state, the multiple first refractive indexes in the first modulation part gradually increase first and then gradually decrease along the first direction, and change in a parabolic shape.

[0022] In some embodiments, when the multiple first refractive indexes in the first modulation part gradually decrease first and then gradually increase along the first direction, the control electrode corresponding to the minimum first refractive index is located at the center of the first modulation part. When the multiple first refractive indexes in the first modulation part gradually increase first and then gradually decrease along the first direction, the control electrode corresponding to the maximum first refractive index is located at the center of the first modulation part.

[0023] In some embodiments, when the plurality of first refractive indices gradually decrease and then gradually increase along the first direction in the first modulation portion, the center of the control electrode corresponding to the minimum of the plurality of first refractive indices deviates from the center of the first modulation portion. When the plurality of first refractive indices gradually increase and then gradually decrease along the first direction in the first modulation portion, the center of the control electrode corresponding to the maximum of the plurality of first refractive indices deviates from the center of the first modulation portion.

[0024] In some embodiments, when the first liquid crystal molecules are deflected to the first stable state, the plurality of first refractive indices gradually decrease along the second direction in the first modulation portion, and the decrease is linear; or, when the first liquid crystal molecules are deflected to the first stable state, the plurality of first refractive indices gradually increase along the second direction in the first modulation portion, and the increase is linear; wherein the second direction is a direction from the first boundary to the second boundary of the light ray modulation unit; the first boundary and the second boundary are arranged along the first direction.

[0025] In some embodiments, when the first liquid crystal molecules are deflected to the first stable state, the light ray modulation unit is divided into a plurality of second modulation portions and a plurality of third modulation portions arranged along the first direction. The plurality of second modulation portions have the same refractive index distribution; each second modulation portion includes at least two control electrodes; a portion of the second modulation portion corresponding to one control electrode has a second refractive index; and the plurality of second refractive indices in the second modulation portion decrease linearly along the second direction. The plurality of third modulation portions have the same refractive index distribution; each third modulation portion includes at least two control electrodes; a portion of the third modulation portion corresponding to one control electrode has a third refractive index; and the plurality of third refractive indices in the third modulation portion increase linearly along the second direction. The second direction is a direction from the first boundary to the second boundary of the light ray modulation unit; the first boundary and the second boundary are arranged along the first direction; wherein the plurality of second modulation portions are located on one side of the light ray modulation unit along the first direction and close to the first boundary, and the plurality of third modulation portions are located on the other side of the light ray modulation unit along the first direction and close to the second boundary; or, the plurality of second modulation portions and the plurality of third modulation portions are alternately arranged along the first direction.

[0026] In some embodiments, the selected modulation portion is any one of the first modulation portion, the second modulation portion, and the third modulation portion; and the selected refractive index is any one of the first refractive index, the second refractive index, and the third refractive index corresponding to the selected modulation portion. When the first liquid crystal molecules are deflected to the first stable state, a deflection angle β is formed between the exit light ray corresponding to the larger selected refractive index and the exit light ray corresponding to the smaller selected refractive index among the plurality of selected refractive indices of the selected modulation portion; and the deflection angle β satisfies the formula: wherein n0 is the extraordinary refractive index of the first liquid crystal molecules corresponding to the smaller selected refractive index, n1 is the ordinary refractive index of the first liquid crystal molecules, d is the thickness of the liquid crystal layer, and r1 is the width of the selected modulation portion along the first direction.

[0027] In some embodiments, when the first liquid crystal molecules are deflected to the first stable state, the light modulation unit is divided into a plurality of fourth modulation portions and a plurality of fifth modulation portions arranged alternately along the first direction. The fourth modulation portion has a fourth refractive index, and the fifth modulation portion has a fifth refractive index; the fourth refractive index is greater than the fifth refractive index. The difference between the phase retardations of two adjacent fourth modulation portions is 2π.

[0028] In some embodiments, the number of the control electrode layers is two. The control electrode of the control electrode layer farther away from the liquid crystal layer includes a third electrode, and the control electrode layer closer to the liquid crystal layer includes two fourth electrodes adjacent to the third electrode. When the first liquid crystal molecules are deflected to the first stable state, the control voltage applied to the third electrode is the first voltage, the voltages applied to the two fourth electrodes are the second voltage and the third voltage respectively, and the second voltage is greater than the third voltage. The first voltage is greater than the third voltage and less than the second voltage; or the first voltage is equal to the second voltage; or the first voltage is equal to the third voltage.

[0029] In another aspect, a display device is provided. The display device includes a display substrate and the light modulation module of any of the above embodiments. The light modulation module is connected to the display substrate.

[0030] In some embodiments, the display substrate is any one of an OLED display substrate, an LED display substrate, a Micro LED display substrate, and a Mini LED display substrate; and the light modulation module is arranged on the light-emitting side of the display substrate.

[0031] In some embodiments, the display substrate is an LCD display substrate. The display device further includes a backlight module. The light modulation module is arranged on the side of the display substrate away from the backlight module; or the light modulation module is arranged between the display substrate and the backlight module.

[0032] In some embodiments, the display device is a dual-view display device or a privacy display device.

[0033] In another aspect, a light-emitting device is provided. The light-emitting device includes a light-emitting substrate and the light modulation module of any of the above embodiments. The light modulation module is arranged on the light-emitting side of the light-emitting substrate and connected to the light-emitting substrate. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0034] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the present disclosure, the following will briefly introduce the drawings needed to be used in some embodiments of the present disclosure. Obviously, the drawings in the following description only represent some embodiments of the present disclosure, and other drawings can also be obtained by those skilled in the art according to these drawings. In addition, the drawings in the following description can be regarded as schematic diagrams, and are not limited to the actual size, actual process, actual time sequence, etc. of the product involved in the embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0035] FIG. 1 is a structural diagram of a light modulation module according to some embodiments;

[0036] FIG. 2 is a curve diagram of the warping angle of a first liquid crystal molecule changing with driving voltage according to some embodiments;

[0037] FIG. 3 is a layout diagram of a control electrode according to some embodiments;

[0038] FIG. 4 is a layout diagram of a control electrode according to further embodiments;

[0039] FIG. 5 is a structural diagram of a light modulation module according to further embodiments;

[0040] FIG. 6 is a phase distribution curve diagram according to some embodiments;

[0041] FIG. 7 is a structural diagram of a light modulation module according to further embodiments;

[0042] FIG. 8 is a structural diagram of a light modulation module according to further embodiments;

[0043] FIG. 9 is a structural diagram of a light modulation module according to further embodiments;

[0044] FIG. 10 is a structural diagram of a light modulation module according to further embodiments;

[0045] FIG. 11 is a structural diagram of a light modulation module according to further embodiments;

[0046] FIG. 12 is a structural diagram of a light modulation module according to further embodiments;

[0047] FIG. 13 is a structural diagram of a light modulation module according to further embodiments;

[0048] FIG. 14 is a structural diagram of a light modulation module according to further embodiments;

[0049] FIG. 15 is a refractive index distribution diagram of a light modulation module according to some embodiments;

[0050] FIG. 16 is a refractive index distribution diagram of a light modulation module according to further embodiments;

[0051] FIG. 17 is a refractive index distribution diagram of a light modulation module according to yet other embodiments;

[0052] FIG. 18 is a refractive index distribution diagram of a light modulation module according to yet other embodiments;

[0053] FIG. 19 is a refractive index distribution diagram of a light modulation module according to yet other embodiments;

[0054] FIG. 20 is a refractive index distribution diagram of a light modulation module according to yet other embodiments;

[0055] FIG. 21 is a structural diagram of a light modulation module according to yet other embodiments;

[0056] FIG. 22 is a structural diagram of a display device according to some embodiments;

[0057] FIG. 23 is a refractive index distribution diagram of a light modulation module according to yet other embodiments;

[0058] FIG. 24 is a light simulation diagram according to yet other embodiments;

[0059] FIG. 25 is a structural diagram of a display device according to yet other embodiments;

[0060] FIG. 26 is a structural diagram of a display device according to yet other embodiments;

[0061] FIG. 27 is a ray trace diagram of a display device according to some embodiments;

[0062] FIG. 28 is a ray trace diagram of a display device according to yet other embodiments;

[0063] FIG. 29 is a ray trace diagram of a display device according to yet other embodiments;

[0064] FIG. 30 is a ray trace diagram of a display device according to yet other embodiments;

[0065] FIG. 31 is a ray trace diagram of a display device according to yet other embodiments;

[0066] FIG. 32 is a refractive index distribution diagram of a light modulation module according to yet other embodiments;

[0067] FIG. 33 is a light incidence diagram of a light modulation module according to some embodiments;

[0068] FIG. 34 is a phase distribution curve diagram according to yet other embodiments;

[0069] FIG. 35 is a structural diagram of a display device according to yet other embodiments;

[0070] FIG. 36 is a structural diagram of a display device according to yet other embodiments;

[0071] FIG. 37 is a configuration diagram of a display device according to still another embodiment;

[0072] FIG. 38 is a configuration diagram of a light emitting device according to still another embodiment. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0073] The technical solutions in some embodiments of the present disclosure will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present disclosure, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments provided in the present disclosure, all other embodiments obtained by a person of ordinary skill in the art belong to the scope of protection of the present disclosure.

[0074] Unless otherwise required by context, the term "comprise" and other forms of the term "comprise", such as "comprises" and "comprising", and other forms thereof, are used throughout the specification and claims in an open-ended way, i.e., to mean including, but not limited to. In the description of the specification, the terms "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "exemplary embodiments", "example", "specific example" or "some examples" are intended to mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic included in at least one embodiment or example of the present disclosure. The illustrative representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. In addition, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described can be included in any appropriate manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.

[0075] Hereinafter, the terms "first", "second" are used only for the purpose of description, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features. Therefore, the features defined with "first", "second" can explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. In the description of the embodiments of the present disclosure, the meaning of "a plurality of" is two or more, unless otherwise specified.

[0076] In describing some embodiments, "coupled" and "connected," along with their derivatives, can be used. It should be understood that these terms are not intended as synonyms for each other. Rather, "connected" can be used to indicate that two or more elements are in direct physical or electrical contact with each other. "Coupled" can be used to indicate that two or more elements are in either direct physical or electrical contact with each other, or that two or more elements are not in direct contact with each other, but yet still co-operate or interact with each other. The embodiments disclosed herein are not necessarily limited to any particular recited embodiment.

[0077] "at least one of A, B, and C" has the same meaning as "at least one of A, B, or C" and includes the following combinations: only A, only B, only C, A and B, A and C, B and C, and A and B and C.

[0078] "A and / or B" includes the following combinations: A alone, B alone, and A and B together.

[0079] The use of "adapted to" or "configured to" herein means open and inclusive language that is not to be limited to devices adapted to or configured to perform additional tasks or steps.

[0080] Additionally, the use of "based on" means open and inclusive language that is to be interpreted in the context of the specification as a whole, and not as a limitation to the described conditions or values.

[0081] As used herein, "about," "approximately," or "around" includes the recited value and the average value within an acceptable range of deviation from the particular value, as determined by one of ordinary skill in the art considering the measurement at issue and the error in measurement associated with the particular quantity measured (i.e., the limitations of the measurement system).

[0082] As used herein, "parallel," "perpendicular," "equal" include the recited condition and conditions that are approximately the recited condition, the range of approximation being within an acceptable deviation range as determined by one of ordinary skill in the art taking into account the measurement being discussed and the error associated with the measurement of the particular quantity (i.e., limitations of the measurement system). For example, "parallel" includes absolute parallel and near parallel, where the acceptable deviation range for near parallel can be, for example, within 5°; "perpendicular" includes absolute perpendicular and near perpendicular, where the acceptable deviation range for near perpendicular can also be, for example, within 5°. "Equal" includes absolute equality and near equality, where the acceptable deviation range for near equality can be, for example, a difference between the two that is less than or equal to 5% of either.

[0083] It will be understood that when a layer or element is referred to as being "on" another layer or substrate, it can be directly on the other layer or substrate, or intervening layers can also be present.

[0084] Exemplary embodiments are described herein with reference to cross-sectional and / or plan view illustrations that are idealized examples. In the interest of clarity, not all of the circular features can be shown in the drawings. It will be understood that in the drawings, the thickness of layers and regions are exaggerated for clarity, and that the dimensions of the layers and regions shown in the drawings can not be to scale. Accordingly, exemplary embodiments should not be construed as limited to the shapes of regions illustrated in the drawings, which are schematically represented. For example, an etched region illustrated as a rectangle will generally have a curved shape. Thus, the shapes of the regions in the drawings are intended to represent functionally equivalent shapes rather than a literal construction. The drawings are intended to be schematic representations, and the shapes of the regions depicted in the drawings are not intended to be limiting of the scope of exemplary embodiments.

[0085] It should be noted that, in the drawings of the present disclosure, for example, 11-1 indicates that the component 11 belongs to the component 1, for example, 151A-151a in FIG. 3 indicates that the control electrode 151A belongs to the control electrode layer 151a, and other similar notations appearing in the drawings follow the above description. In the drawings of the present disclosure, for example, 1 / 2 indicates that the structure 1 and the structure 2 can both refer to the structure, for example, 151 / 151a in FIG. 1 indicates that the control electrode layer 151 and the control electrode layer 151a can both refer to the structure, and other similar notations appearing in the drawings follow the above description.

[0086] The application of display devices (such as mobile phones, computers, televisions, or vehicle-mounted display devices, etc.) is ubiquitous. In conventional application scenarios, the display device generally pursues viewing from multiple angles and no color deviation at large viewing angles. However, with the development of information display technology, various new display needs and applications emerge in an endless stream. For some special application scenarios, the demand for reducing the display viewing angle is increasing due to the increasing requirement for privacy. For example, when viewing personal private information on electronic devices such as mobile phones in public places, it is necessary to prevent people around from seeing the relevant information from the side viewing angle. For another example, when the display device of the co-pilot is used for entertainment during vehicle driving, the driver may be distracted by watching and cause safety hazards. Therefore, if both wide viewing angle display effect and narrow viewing angle switching to achieve the privacy protection effect can be achieved at any time, the application scenarios of the display device will be further broadened.

[0087] In some embodiments, the privacy protection effect is achieved by adopting human eye tracking brightness adjustment. Mainly by capturing the iris of the person at the peeping angle, or tracking the geometric features of the human eye, feedback is performed, and the overall transmittance of the display device is reduced by adjusting the voltage and other parameters. Through this way, the privacy protection function can be controlled more accurately. However, the overall change of the brightness of the display device may affect the display effect in the normal viewing angle and affect the viewing experience.

[0088] In other embodiments, the privacy protection effect is achieved by connecting (such as pasting or physically buckling and adhering) a privacy protection film to the light-emitting surface of the display device. Exemplarily, the privacy protection film can adopt an ultra-fine louver optical coating technology, so that the light at the normal viewing angle of the screen is least blocked and has a high transmittance, thereby achieving the purpose of privacy protection. However, as the angle increases, the area of the light blocked increases, and the transmittance gradually decreases. Moreover, due to the limitation of the optical structure, the transmittance of the display device will be lost, and the loss rate will be nearly 50% in general cases. In some examples, the brightness of the backlight is increased to meet the normal display brightness requirement, which leads to an increase in the operating power consumption of the display device and a decrease in the use time of the display device. In addition, since the privacy protection film has certain commonality in material and surface treatment process with the material and surface treatment process of the functional coating of the polarizing sheet on the display device, the additional pasting of the privacy protection film increases the weight of the display device and may also affect other display specifications including haze.

[0089] Based on this, some embodiments of the present disclosure provide a light modulation module to overcome one or more of the above problems. As shown in FIG. 1, the light modulation module 100 includes at least one light modulation unit 10. The light modulation unit 10 includes a first substrate 11 and a second substrate 12 that are boxed, a liquid crystal layer 13, a common electrode layer 14, and a control electrode sub-module 15. The liquid crystal layer 13 is located between the first substrate 11 and the second substrate 12, and the liquid crystal layer 13 includes first liquid crystal molecules 13M. The common electrode layer 14 is located between the first substrate 11 and the liquid crystal layer 13. The control electrode sub-module 15 is located between the second substrate 12 and the liquid crystal layer 13, and the control electrode sub-module 15 includes at least two control electrode layers 151 and a dielectric layer 152 located between any two adjacent control electrode layers 151; each control electrode layer 151 includes a plurality of control electrodes 151A arranged at intervals along a first direction X. Wherein, the orthogonal projection of the plurality of control electrodes 151A included in any two control electrode layers 151 on the second substrate 12 is arranged at intervals along the first direction X; the orthogonal projection of the plurality of control electrodes 151A included in the at least two control electrode layers 151 on the second substrate 12 is connected between adjacent orthogonal projections.

[0090] Here, the materials of the first substrate 11 and the second substrate 12 can be the same, for example, both are glass, and of course can be different, which is not limited here.

[0091] In some embodiments, the light modulation unit 10 further includes a sealing structure (not shown in the figure) for boxing the first substrate 11 and the second substrate 12; for example, the sealing structure can be arranged on the side of the liquid crystal layer 13 to prevent the first liquid crystal molecules 13M in the liquid crystal layer 13 from flowing out of the light modulation unit 10. At this time, the material of the sealing structure can be, for example, a sealant.

[0092] It should be understood that the first liquid crystal molecules 13M are a kind of liquid crystal molecules, which belong to uniaxial crystals and only have one optical axis. Here, the optical axis (for example, the optical axis of the first liquid crystal molecules 13M) is also called the optical axis, and when light propagates in the crystal, the direction in which the two wavefronts of the light propagating in the crystal are equal is the extension direction of the optical axis, and the light in this direction has no change in optical characteristics. For example, an anisotropic crystal has a birefringence effect on light propagating in it, but when light propagates along the optical axis of the anisotropic crystal, the light does not undergo birefringence. Therefore, the optical axis of the anisotropic crystal can also be defined as the direction in which the light can propagate without birefringence. In addition, the anisotropic crystal can be divided into uniaxial crystal and biaxial crystal, and the uniaxial crystal only has one optical axis, and the biaxial crystal has two optical axes.

[0093] Liquid crystal molecules can be classified into rod-type liquid crystal molecules and discotic liquid crystal molecules according to their shapes. In a rod-type liquid crystal molecule, the long axis direction is the optical axis direction; in a discotic liquid crystal molecule, the short axis direction is the optical axis direction. In a three-dimensional coordinate system, a material in which at least two of the refractive indices in the three coordinate axis directions are different is called a birefringent material, and liquid crystal molecules are all birefringent materials. In some embodiments, the first liquid crystal molecules 13M in the liquid crystal layer 13 are rod-type liquid crystal molecules.

[0094] In some examples, the first liquid crystal molecules 13M are polymer liquid crystals, which can be subjected to an alignment process so that the polymer liquid crystals have a modulation effect on light of a specific polarization state. When no driving voltage is applied, the refractive index of the polarized light passing through the liquid crystal layer 13 is the ordinary refractive index n1, which is approximately equal to the refractive index of the polymer layer, and has no focusing characteristics. When a driving voltage is applied, the polarization direction of the incident light changes, and at this time the refractive index of the polarized light passing through the liquid crystal layer 13 is the extraordinary refractive index n0, which is greater than the refractive index of the polymer layer, and can exhibit a convex lens.

[0095] The first liquid crystal molecules 13M can be deflected (for example, in a plane perpendicular to the first direction X) under the action of the driving voltage to a set warping angle. Here, the warping angle can be understood as the angle between the first liquid crystal molecules 13M and the second substrate 12 in the driving state. It should be understood that the warping angle of the first liquid crystal molecules 13M can affect the refractive index of the first liquid crystal molecules 13M, and in turn affect the modulation effect of the liquid crystal layer 13 on light. Specifically, the electric field applied to the first liquid crystal molecules 13M can change the direction of the arrangement of the first liquid crystal molecules 13M, and when the incident light propagates in the first liquid crystal molecules 13M (for example, nematic liquid crystal material), its propagation speed depends on the optical anisotropy of the first liquid crystal molecules 13M and the incident angle and polarization state of the light. Based on the Huygens principle, each point on the wave front generated by the light source can be regarded as a light source, re-radiating a spherical wave to generate a new spherical wave. The wave front passing through the liquid crystal layer 13 changes, resulting in the convergence or divergence of the light wave, which can correspond to the orthogonal distance and negative focal length of a conventional lens. That is, the light modulation unit 10 can utilize the characteristic that the birefringence of the first liquid crystal molecules 13M changes with the voltage, and through different inclination angles (i.e., warping angles) of the first liquid crystal molecules 13M in the same propagation distance, different phase delay amounts can be achieved. In some examples, the deflection of light by the light modulation unit 10 can be substantially equivalent to that of an ordinary lens with the same phase delay.

[0096] The first liquid crystal molecules 13M in the light modulation unit 10 can form different warping angles under the action of an electric field. When the warping angles of the first liquid crystal molecules 13M in different parts of the liquid crystal layer 13 are different, the effective extraordinary refractive index n0 achieved by each part in the light modulation unit 10 is different, so that the light can be converted into converging or diverging spherical waves, and the degree of deflection depends on the difference between (n c -n b ) and (n c , n b is the extraordinary refractive index at the edge of the modulation region. According to the light transmission function, if the focal length f < 0, the light converges; if the focal length f > 0, the light diverges.

[0097] In some examples, the warping angle of the first liquid crystal molecules 13M changes with the driving voltage as shown in FIG. 2. As can be seen from FIG. 2, the warping angle of the first liquid crystal molecules 13M is nonlinearly related to the driving voltage; after the driving voltage is higher than the threshold voltage (not shown in the figure), a voltage range of about 2V appears, and in this voltage range, the warping angle of the first liquid crystal molecules 13M can change rapidly with the driving voltage. Therefore, a suitable driving voltage value can be selected according to the requirements to make the first liquid crystal molecules 13M reach the set warping angle.

[0098] In some examples, the driving voltage of the liquid crystal layer 13 (for example, the voltage between the common electrode layer 14 and the control electrode 151A described in detail below) is low, for example, less than a set voltage value. The set voltage value is, for example, a driving voltage value corresponding to 98n 0max , where n 0max is the maximum ordinary refractive index. In this way, the driving voltage of the liquid crystal layer 13 can be low, which can reduce the power consumption of the light modulation unit 10 and reduce the influence of the transverse electric field on the refractive index.

[0099] The control electrode sub-module 15 includes at least two control electrode layers 151 and a dielectric layer 152 located between the adjacent two control electrode layers 151; that is, the control electrode layers 151 and the dielectric layers 152 are alternately stacked along the thickness direction Y of the liquid crystal layer 13. Here, the alternately stacked means that the at least two control electrode layers 151 and the dielectric layers 152 are stacked along the thickness direction Y of the liquid crystal layer 13, and the arrangement is alternately arranged; for example, a control electrode layer 151 is first arranged along the thickness direction Y of the liquid crystal layer 13, a dielectric layer 152 is then arranged on the control electrode layer 151, and then a control electrode layer 151 is arranged on the dielectric layer 152, and so on, to form the control electrode sub-module 15.

[0100] It should be understood that the dielectric layer 152 can play an insulating role, and by alternately stacking the control electrode layer 151 and the dielectric layer 152, short circuit between adjacent two control electrode layers 151 can be avoided, and the reliability of the control electrode sub-module 15 can be improved.

[0101] Each control electrode layer 151 includes a plurality of control electrodes 151A arranged at intervals, and by arranging the plurality of control electrodes 151 at intervals, short circuit between adjacent two control electrodes 151A can be avoided.

[0102] In some examples, as shown in FIG. 1, the material of the dielectric layer 152 fills between the plurality of control electrodes 151A of the same control electrode layer 151, and at this time, the dielectric layer 152 can play an insulating role.

[0103] By the above arrangement, insulation between adjacent two control electrode layers 151 and between the plurality of control electrodes 151A of the same control electrode layer 151 can be achieved, and short circuit between the plurality of control electrodes 151A in adjacent two control electrode layers 151 and between the plurality of control electrodes 151A of the same control electrode layer 151 can be avoided, so that crosstalk between the control electrodes 151A can be avoided. Moreover, compared with the case of arranging a single electrode layer, by arranging the control electrode sub-module 15 to include a plurality of control electrode layers 151, the influence of process limitations on the arrangement of the control electrodes 151A can be reduced.

[0104] Here, the size of the plurality of control electrodes 151A of the same control electrode layer 151 or different control electrode layers 151 is not limited. That is, the plurality of control electrodes 151A can be the same or different.

[0105] Here, the material of the control electrode 151A and the common electrode layer 14 can be the same, for example, both are indium tin oxide (ITO), and of course can be different, which is not limited here.

[0106] In some examples, the material of the control electrode 151A and / or the common electrode layer 14 can be a transparent material, and at this time, optical loss in the modulation process can be reduced. In other examples, the material of the control electrode 151A and / or the common electrode layer 14 can be a metal material.

[0107] It should be noted that in actual application, light can be incident from the side of the first substrate 11 and emitted from the side of the second substrate 12, or light can be incident from the side of the second substrate 12 and emitted from the side of the first substrate 11; that is, the emission side (or the incident side) of the light is not limited here.

[0108] As shown in FIG. 1, FIG. 3 and FIG. 4, the plurality of control electrodes 151A included in the control electrode layer 151 are arranged in the first direction X with intervals, and the orthographic projections of the plurality of control electrodes 151A included in any two control electrode layers 151 on the second substrate 12 are arranged in the first direction X with intervals. It can be understood that, among the at least two control electrode layers 151, there are an arbitrarily selected first control electrode layer 151a and a second control electrode layer 151b, and the orthographic projections of the plurality of control electrodes 151A included in the first control electrode layer 151a on the second substrate 12 do not completely overlap with the orthographic projections of the plurality of control electrodes 151A included in the second control electrode layer 151b on the second substrate 12. It can also be understood that the orthographic projections of any two control electrode layers 151 on the second substrate 12 do not completely overlap.

[0109] As a possible implementation, as shown in FIG. 1, FIG. 3 and FIG. 4, the number of control electrode layers 151 is two, and the orthographic projections of the plurality of control electrodes 151A of the two control electrode layers 151 on the second substrate 12 are arranged in the first direction X alternately.

[0110] In some examples, the orthographic projections of any two control electrode layers 151 on the second substrate 12 can partially overlap. Here, the form of the orthographic projections of the two control electrode layers 151 (for example, the first control electrode layer 151a and the second control electrode layer 151b) on the second substrate 12 partially overlapping is not limited. For example, a part (for example, one or more) of the plurality of control electrodes 151A included in the first control electrode layer 151a overlaps with a part (for example, one or more) of the plurality of control electrodes 151A included in the second control electrode layer 151b. For another example, as shown in FIG. 1, FIG. 3 and FIG. 4, a part (for example, one or more) of the plurality of control electrodes 151A included in the first control electrode layer 151a partially overlaps with a part (for example, one or more) of the plurality of control electrodes 151A included in the second control electrode layer 151b.

[0111] As shown in FIG. 1, the orthographic projections of the plurality of control electrodes 151A included in the at least two control electrode layers 151 on the second substrate 12 are connected between adjacent orthographic projections; that is, the orthographic projections of the plurality of control electrodes 151A included in the control electrode sub-module 15 on the second substrate 12 have no intervals between adjacent orthographic projections. It should be understood that when there is no interval between adjacent orthographic projections, the orthographic projections of the plurality of control electrodes 151A included in the control electrode sub-module 15 on the second substrate 12 can be spliced into a continuous and interval-free area.

[0112] Here, the form of the abutment between the adjacent orthographic projections is not limited. In some examples, the adjacent orthographic projections can be abutted by sharing a boundary, in other words, one boundary of one orthographic projection is reused as the boundary of another orthographic projection; in this case, the adjacent orthographic projections are abutted but not overlapped. In other examples, the adjacent orthographic projections can be abutted by partially overlapping. In this case, the adjacent orthographic projections are abutted and partially overlapped.

[0113] In some examples, as shown in FIG. 3 and FIG. 4, the light ray modulation module 100 further comprises a connecting line 153, and the control electrode 151A is electrically connected to the connecting line 151A by the conductive material 154 filled in the via. Here, the connecting line 153 and the conductive material 154 can be configured to provide a driving signal for the control electrode 151A.

[0114] It can be understood that when the common electrode layer 14 is located between the first substrate 11 and the liquid crystal layer 13, the common electrode layer 14 can be configured to apply a common voltage from the side of the liquid crystal layer 13 close to the first substrate 11. When the control electrode sub-module 15 is located between the second substrate 12 and the liquid crystal layer 13, the control electrode 151A can be configured to apply a control voltage from the side of the liquid crystal layer 13 close to the second substrate 12. In this way, the common voltage and the control voltage can form a driving voltage, so that the first liquid crystal molecules 13M located between the control electrode 151A and the common electrode layer 14 are deflected (for example, deflected from the initial state to the first stable state as described in detail below) under the driving of the driving voltage. Moreover, when there is no crosstalk between the plurality of control electrodes 151A located in the adjacent two control electrode layers 151 and between the plurality of control electrodes 151A located in the same control electrode layer 151, different control voltages can be input to the plurality of control electrodes 151A to form different driving voltages, so that the liquid crystal layer 13 can be divided into a plurality of independent driving areas under the driving of different driving voltages. The deflection angles of the first liquid crystal molecules 13M in different driving areas can be the same or different, realizing the differential modulation of light rays passing through different positions of the liquid crystal layer 13 and realizing the function of controllable modulation of light rays. For example, the exit angle of the light rays can be modulated to deviate from the direction of the viewing position, realizing the function of anti-peeping. Moreover, by the above arrangement, the driving voltages of the plurality of control electrodes 151A can be regulated to flexibly change the size of the modulation aperture P (which can be understood as a modulation area of the light ray modulation unit 10) and the distance between different modulation apertures P, realizing flexible and controllable modulation of light rays.

[0115] Moreover, when the orthogonal projections of the plurality of control electrodes 151A included in the control electrode sub-module 15 on the second substrate 12 form a continuous and gapless region when spliced together, the driving region corresponding to each control electrode 151A can be continuous and gapless, the electric field driving the first liquid crystal molecules 13M to deflect can be more continuous, and the fluctuation deviation of the phase delay amount can be reduced. In addition, when two control electrodes 151A (for example: partially or entirely) overlap each other, the control electrode 151A far from the liquid crystal layer 13 can be shielded by the control electrode 151A close to the liquid crystal layer 13. Therefore, when the orthogonal projections of the plurality of control electrodes 151A included in any two control electrode layers 151 on the second substrate 12 are staggered along the first direction X, the portion of the plurality of control electrodes 151A that can effectively input the control voltage can be more.

[0116] Here, the relationship between the orthogonal projection of the plurality of control electrodes 151A included in the control electrode sub-module 15 on the second substrate 12 and the orthogonal projection of the liquid crystal layer 13 on the second substrate 12 is not limited. For example, as shown in FIG. 1, FIG. 3, and FIG. 4, part or all of the orthogonal projection of the plurality of control electrodes 151A included in the control electrode sub-module 15 on the second substrate 12 can cover the orthogonal projection of the liquid crystal layer 13 on the second substrate 12, at which time each part of the liquid crystal layer 13 can be driven; for another example, part or all of the orthogonal projection of the plurality of control electrodes 151A included in the control electrode sub-module 15 on the second substrate 12 can cover part of the orthogonal projection of the liquid crystal layer 13 on the second substrate 12, at which time part of the liquid crystal layer 13 can be driven and another part of the liquid crystal layer 13 cannot be driven.

[0117] In some embodiments, as shown in FIG. 5, the plurality of control electrodes 151A of at least two control electrode layers 151 includes a first electrode 151B and a second electrode 151C. The orthogonal projection of the first electrode 151B on the second substrate 12 and the orthogonal projection of the second electrode 151C on the second substrate 12 are arranged adjacent to each other. The orthogonal projection of the first electrode 151B on the second substrate 12 and the orthogonal projection of the second electrode 151C on the second substrate 12 have a first overlap portion K.

[0118] It should be noted that “first” and “second” in the first electrode 151B and the second electrode 151C are relative concepts, which are only used for the purpose of description to make the relative position relationship of the two control electrodes 151A whose orthogonal projections are adjacent more clear. In actual application, the first electrode 151B and the second electrode 151C can be any two control electrodes 151A whose orthogonal projections are adjacent among the plurality of control electrodes 151A, and according to the position of another control electrode 151A described, a certain control electrode 151A can be the first electrode 151B or the second electrode 151C.

[0119] It should be understood that, in the case where the control electrode layer 151 comprises a plurality of control electrodes 151A arranged at intervals, the first electrode 151B and the second electrode 151C are located in different control electrode layers 151.

[0120] The first overlap portion K is a portion between the orthographic projection of the first electrode 151B on the second substrate 12 and the orthographic projection of the second electrode 151C on the second substrate 12, which are overlapped, that is, the first overlap portion K is a portion on the surface of the second substrate 12 close to the side of the control electrode sub-module 15.

[0121] It can be understood that, when the orthographic projection of the first electrode 151B on the second substrate 12 and the orthographic projection of the second electrode 151C on the second substrate 12 have the first overlap portion K, the orthographic projection of any two adjacent control electrodes 151A has the first overlap portion K between the orthographic projections, so that, compared with the case where the orthographic projections are arranged at intervals, the electric field driving the deflection of the first liquid crystal molecules 13M is more continuous, the fluctuation deviation of the phase delay amount can be reduced, at the same time, the process feasibility when forming the plurality of control electrodes 151A can be improved, and the production yield when producing the light ray modulation unit 10 can be improved.

[0122] In some embodiments, as shown in FIG. 5, the size of the control electrode 151A in the first direction X is a first width L1, and the size of the first overlap portion K in the first direction X is a second width L2; the ratio between the second width L2 and the first width L1 ranges from 2% to 10%.

[0123] Exemplarily, the ratio between the second width L2 and the first width L1 can be 2%, 4%, 5%, 7%, 9% or 10%, etc. For example, the first width L1 is 5.2 μm, the second width L2 is 0.5 μm, and the ratio between the second width L2 and the first width L1 is 9.6%.

[0124] It can be understood that, when the size of the control electrode 151A in the first direction X is the first width L1, the sizes of the plurality of control electrodes 151A located in at least two control electrode layers 151 in the first direction X are the same, so that the area of the driving region can be relatively consistent, on the one hand, the controllability when the light ray modulation unit 10 modulates light can be improved; on the other hand, when a certain control electrode 151A is small, the distance between the control electrodes 151A located on both sides of the control electrode 151A will be small, a transverse electric field will be generated, and the light modulation effect will be affected; therefore, by setting the size of the control electrode 151A in the first direction X as the first width L1, the light modulation effect can be improved.

[0125] Furthermore, when the ratio between the second width L2 and the first width L1 is relatively small (e.g. less than 2%), the continuity of the electric field driving the deflection of the first liquid crystal molecules 13M is relatively low; when the ratio between the second width L2 and the first width L1 is relatively large (e.g. less than 10%), the portion of the plurality of control electrodes 151A that can effectively input the control voltage is relatively small. Therefore, by setting the ratio between the second width L2 and the first width L1 to be within the range of 2% to 10%, on one hand, the continuity of the electric field driving the deflection of the first liquid crystal molecules 13M can be improved, and the fluctuation of the phase delay can be reduced; on the other hand, the portion of the plurality of control electrodes 151A that can effectively input the control voltage is relatively large.

[0126] In some embodiments, as shown in FIG. 5, the size of the control electrode 151A in the first direction X is a first width L1. Among the plurality of control electrodes 151A of one control electrode layer 151, the size of the first gap Q between two adjacent control electrodes 151A in the first direction X is a third width L3. The ratio between the first width L1 and the third width L3 is greater than or equal to 50% and less than or equal to 80%.

[0127] For example, the ratio between the first width L1 and the third width L3 can be 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 69%, 75% or 80%, etc.

[0128] For the technical effects of the control electrode 151A having the size of the first width L1 in the first direction X, please refer to the foregoing description, which will not be repeated here.

[0129] It can be understood that when the ratio between the first width L1 and the third width L3 is greater than or equal to 50% and less than or equal to 80%, the ratio between the first width L1 and the third width L3 is relatively large, which can avoid the adjacent control electrodes 151A in the same control electrode layer 151 being too close to each other, so that the control electrodes 151A can not affect each other; on the other hand, when the adjacent control electrodes 151A are relatively close to each other, the driving area corresponding to the control electrode 151A (in another control electrode layer 151) located between the adjacent control electrodes 151A is relatively small, which can affect the stacking design of the control electrodes 151A. Therefore, by the above setting, the influence on the stacking design of the control electrodes 151A can be reduced, and the continuity of the electric field distribution can be improved, so that the imaging effect of the light modulation unit 10 can be improved; and the production yield of the light modulation unit 10 can be improved.

[0130] In some examples, the effect of the size of the control electrode 151A in the first direction X on the phase retardation is verified by using a structure of single-layer electrodes. Here, the single-layer electrodes refer to a plurality of electrodes distributed in the same electrode layer, and a gap is provided between adjacent two electrodes. In this test, the same driving mode as the light modulation unit 10 in some embodiments of the present disclosure is used.

[0131] It is tested that, in one modulation aperture (which can be understood as a modulation region of the light modulation unit), under different first widths L1 (L1 = 4.2 μm, 5.2 μm, 6.2 μm), the phase distribution curve is as shown in FIG. 6. As can be seen from FIG. 6, the size (i.e., the first width L1) of the control electrode 151A in the first direction X has a certain effect on the phase retardation. Moreover, under the same other conditions, compared with the case where the first width L1 is small, when the first width L1 is large (L1 = 6.2 μm), the electric field distribution is more continuous, and the phase distribution curve is closer to the reference curve. Here, the reference curve can be understood as the curve corresponding to the lens with the same phase retardation.

[0132] In some embodiments, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 4, as described above, the light modulation unit 10 in the driving state is divided into a plurality of modulation apertures P (for example, the first modulation part described in detail below), and each modulation aperture P can correspond to one or more driving regions described above.

[0133] In some examples, as shown in FIG. 7, the plurality of modulation apertures P are arranged continuously without a gap. At this time, the light modulation unit 10 can achieve an effect equivalent to that of an aplanat lens, and the influence between adjacent modulation apertures P is small. Moreover, in this case, adjacent two modulation apertures P can share the same control electrode 151A at the boundary.

[0134] In other examples, in adjacent two modulation apertures P, the driving voltage of the control electrode 151A at the edge in one modulation aperture P is high, generating a large transverse electric field, which has a large influence on the shift of the first liquid crystal molecules 13M, so that part of the light scattering occurs at the edge of the modulation aperture P.

[0135] Based on the above, as shown in FIG. 8, in some embodiments, by providing a virtual control electrode 151F for spacing between adjacent modulation apertures P, the driving voltage of the virtual control electrode 151F is 0 V when the light modulation unit 10 modulates light, so as to shield the light scattering generated at the edge of the modulation aperture P due to the influence of the transverse electric field on the first liquid crystal molecules 13M.

[0136] In some embodiments, as shown in FIG. 9, the light modulation unit 10 further comprises a light blocking layer 16. The light blocking layer 16 comprises a plurality of light blocking patterns 16A arranged in the first direction X, and a normal projection of one light blocking pattern 16A on the second substrate 12 substantially coincides with a normal projection of at least one control electrode 151A on the second substrate 12.

[0137] Exemplarily, the material of the light blocking layer 16 can be a black light absorbing material, such as black ink, black glue, and black photoresist.

[0138] In some examples, as shown in FIG. 9, a normal projection of one light blocking pattern 16A on the second substrate 12 substantially coincides with a normal projection of one control electrode 151A on the second substrate 12; in other examples, a normal projection of one light blocking pattern 16A on the second substrate 12 substantially coincides with normal projections of a plurality of control electrodes 151A (e.g., two) on the second substrate 12.

[0139] It can be understood that the light blocking pattern 16A can be arranged between two adjacent modulation apertures P, for shielding light scattering at the edge of the modulation aperture P due to the transverse electric field affecting the first liquid crystal molecules 13M, so that the influence of stray light on the clarity of the picture can be reduced, and the clarity of the display picture after modulation by the light modulation module 100 can be higher. Moreover, when a normal projection of one light blocking pattern 16A on the second substrate 12 substantially coincides with a normal projection of at least one control electrode 151A on the second substrate 12, the at least one control electrode 151A can be shielded by the light blocking pattern 16A, so that the number of control electrodes 151A in the modulation aperture P can be equal to or close to an integer, and the feasibility of light modulation can be improved.

[0140] It should be noted that when the light modulation unit 10 is in the light modulation state, the at least one control electrode 151A shielded by the light blocking pattern 16A can input a control voltage or can not input a control voltage in the light modulation state, which is not limited here.

[0141] Here, the position of the light blocking layer 16 is not limited. In some examples, the light blocking layer 16 is located between the liquid crystal layer 13 and the first substrate 11; for example, as shown in FIG. 9, the light blocking layer 16 can be located between the common electrode layer 14 and the first substrate 11; for another example, the light blocking layer 16 can be located between the liquid crystal layer 13 and the common electrode layer 14; for another example, the light blocking layer 16 can be located on the side of the first substrate 11 away from the common electrode layer 14.

[0142] In some examples, the light-blocking layer 16 is located between the liquid crystal layer 13 and the first substrate 11; for example, the light-blocking layer 16 can be located on the side of the first substrate 11 away from the control electrode sub-module 15; for another example, the light-blocking layer 16 can be located between the first substrate 11 and the control electrode sub-module 15; for yet another example, the light-blocking layer 16 can be located inside the control electrode sub-module 15 (for example, between the control electrode layer 151 and the dielectric layer 152); for still another example, the light-blocking layer 16 can be located between the control electrode sub-module 15 and the liquid crystal layer 13.

[0143] In some examples, as shown in FIG. 10, the surface of the first substrate 11 close to the liquid crystal layer 13 has a plurality of protrusions 111; the common electrode layer 14 continues the shape of the plurality of protrusions 111.

[0144] It should be understood that, in the case where the surface of the first substrate 11 close to the liquid crystal layer 13 has a plurality of protrusions 111, the surface of the first substrate 11 close to the liquid crystal layer 13 is uneven, has a certain undulation, and presents a certain three-dimensional texture pattern.

[0145] Here, the common electrode layer 14 continuing the shape of the plurality of protrusions 111 means that the surface topography of the common electrode layer 14 changes in the same way as the surface topography of the surface of the first substrate 11 close to the liquid crystal layer 13; in other words, the surface topography of the surface of the common electrode layer 14 close to the first substrate 11 changes in the same way as the surface topography of the surface of the common electrode layer 14 away from the first substrate 11, and both change in the same way as the surface topography of the surface of the first substrate 11 close to the liquid crystal layer 13.

[0146] For example, as shown in FIG. 10, in a modulation aperture P, the surface of the first substrate 11 close to the liquid crystal layer 13 is provided with a plurality of protrusions 111 in the form of a stepped shape; then, in the modulation aperture P, the surface of the common electrode layer 14 close to the first substrate 11 is in the form of a stepped shape matching the stepped shape of the protrusions 111, and the surface of the common electrode layer 14 away from the first substrate 11 is in the form of a stepped shape matching the stepped shape of the protrusions 111, at this time, the common electrode layer 14 continues the shape of the plurality of protrusions 111.

[0147] It can be understood that when the light modulation unit 10 modulates the light, the phase delay amount is associated with the refractive index of the first liquid crystal molecules 13M and also associated with the thickness of the liquid crystal layer 13 (which can also be referred to as the cell gap). When the surface of the first substrate 11 close to the liquid crystal layer 13 has a plurality of protrusions 111 and the common electrode layer 14 continues the shape of the plurality of protrusions 111, the thickness of the liquid crystal layer 13 has a certain change, in which case the light modulation unit 10 can realize phase delay by using the deflection of the first liquid crystal molecules 13M and also by using the change of the cell gap. In this way, in the case of non-powered driving, the light modulation unit 10 can realize phase delay by using the change of the cell gap; in the case of powered driving, the light modulation unit 10 can realize a larger range of phase delay amount by using the change of the cell gap.

[0148] It should be noted that when the surface of the first substrate 11 close to the liquid crystal layer 13 has a plurality of protrusions 111, it is not limited to the case of the surface of the first substrate 11 away from the liquid crystal layer 13. For example, the surface of the first substrate 11 away from the liquid crystal layer 13 continues the shape of the plurality of protrusions 111; at this time, the thickness of the first substrate 11 is uniform. For another example, the surface of the first substrate 11 away from the liquid crystal layer 13 is a plane; at this time, the thickness of the first substrate 11 is not uniform.

[0149] In some embodiments, the surface of the second substrate 12 close to the liquid crystal layer 13 has a plurality of protrusions; the control electrode sub-module 15 continues the shape of the plurality of protrusions.

[0150] It should be understood that when the surface of the second substrate 12 close to the liquid crystal layer 13 has a plurality of protrusions, the surface of the second substrate 12 close to the liquid crystal layer 13 is not flat and has a certain undulation, showing a certain three-dimensional texture pattern.

[0151] Here, for understanding of the control electrode sub-module 15 continuing the shape of the plurality of protrusions, reference can be made to the above description of the common electrode layer 14 continuing the shape of the plurality of protrusions 111, which will not be repeated here.

[0152] It can be understood that when the surface of the second substrate 12 close to the liquid crystal layer 13 has a plurality of protrusions; the control electrode sub-module 15 continues the shape of the plurality of protrusions, the thickness of the liquid crystal layer 13 has a certain change; in this way, in the case of non-powered driving, the light modulation unit 10 can realize phase delay by using the change of the cell gap; in the case of powered driving, the light modulation unit 10 can realize a larger range of phase delay amount by using the change of the cell gap.

[0153] It should be noted that the surface of the second substrate 12 away from the liquid crystal layer 13 is not limited here. For example, the surface of the second substrate 12 away from the liquid crystal layer 13 can continue the shape of the plurality of protrusions; at this time, the thickness of the second substrate 12 is uniform; for another example, the surface of the second substrate 12 away from the liquid crystal layer 13 can be a plane; at this time, the thickness of the second substrate 12 is not uniform.

[0154] Here, the way of forming the plurality of protrusions 111 on the surface of the first substrate 11 close to the liquid crystal layer 13, or the way of forming the plurality of protrusions on the surface of the second substrate 12 close to the liquid crystal layer 13 is not limited here, as long as it meets the requirement of having a plurality of protrusions.

[0155] In some examples, a nanoimprint process is used to form the plurality of protrusions on the surface of the first substrate 11 close to the liquid crystal layer 13, or on the surface of the second substrate 12 close to the liquid crystal layer 13.

[0156] In other examples, a high-resistance film layer is coated on the surface of the first substrate 11 close to the liquid crystal layer 13, or on the surface of the second substrate 12 close to the liquid crystal layer 13 to form the plurality of protrusions.

[0157] In some embodiments, the surface of the protrusion close to the liquid crystal layer includes a plurality of sub-surfaces, and one sub-surface is directly opposite one or more control electrodes. The plurality of sub-surfaces are arranged in a first shape, and the first shape includes one or more combinations of linear, triangular, and parabolic shapes.

[0158] The following is an exemplary description with the plurality of protrusions 111 provided on the surface of the first substrate 11 close to the liquid crystal layer 13. For the case of the plurality of protrusions provided on the surface of the second substrate 12 close to the liquid crystal layer 13, please refer to the following content, which will not be repeated here.

[0159] As shown in FIG. 10, the surface of the protrusion 111 close to the liquid crystal layer 13 includes a plurality of sub-surfaces 111A, and one sub-surface 111A is directly opposite one or more control electrodes 151A. The plurality of sub-surfaces 111A are arranged in a first shape T, and the first shape T includes one or more combinations of linear, triangular, and parabolic shapes.

[0160] Here, one sub-surface 111A directly opposite one or more control electrodes 151A means that the orthographic projection of one sub-surface 111A on the second substrate 12 is approximately coincident with the orthographic projection of one or more control electrodes 151A on the second substrate 12.

[0161] The following describes, by way of example, a case where the plurality of sub-surfaces 111A are arranged in a first shape T including a linear shape. The first shape T can include a combination of one or more of a linear shape, a triangular shape, and a parabolic shape.

[0162] In some examples, as shown in FIG. 10, the plurality of sub-surfaces 111A are arranged in a first shape T including a linear shape. For example, the surface of each protrusion 111 near the liquid crystal layer 13 includes four sub-surfaces 111A, and the first shape T in a linear shape can be obtained by connecting the corresponding points of the four sub-surfaces 111A. That is, in FIG. 10, the surface of each protrusion 111 near the liquid crystal layer 13 includes four sub-surfaces 111A, and each protrusion 111 can correspond to a linear shape. It should be noted that the connecting of the corresponding points of the sub-surfaces 111A means connecting the points at corresponding positions in the sub-surfaces 111A. For example, the starting points of the sub-surfaces 111A can be connected to obtain the first shape T. For another example, as shown in FIG. 10, the extreme points of the sub-surfaces 111A can be connected to obtain the first shape T.

[0163] It can be understood that, when the first shape T is a linear shape, the refractive index in the modulation aperture P corresponding to the portion changes in a linear shape; when the first shape T is a triangular shape, the refractive index in the modulation aperture P corresponding to the portion changes in a triangular shape; when the first shape T is a parabolic shape, the refractive index in the modulation aperture P corresponding to the portion changes in a parabolic shape. That is, by changing the first shape T, the cell thickness can change according to a set rule, and the change of the refractive index in the modulation aperture P can be adjusted. In this way, the light-controllable modulation function of the light modulation unit 10 can be realized.

[0164] In some embodiments, the plurality of protrusions include a plurality of rectangular protrusions, and a gap is provided between adjacent two rectangular protrusions.

[0165] For example, as shown in FIG. 11, the plurality of protrusions 111 are provided on the surface of the first substrate 11 near the liquid crystal layer 13, and the plurality of protrusions 111 include a plurality of rectangular protrusions 111B. A gap S is provided between adjacent two rectangular protrusions 111B. For another example, the plurality of protrusions are provided on the surface of the second substrate 12 near the liquid crystal layer 13, and the plurality of protrusions 111 include a plurality of rectangular protrusions. A gap is provided between adjacent two rectangular protrusions.

[0166] It can be understood that the plurality of protrusions include a plurality of rectangular protrusions; the arrangement of the plurality of rectangular protrusions with intervals between adjacent two rectangular protrusions can make the thickness of the box present high-low alternating arrangement, so that the light modulation unit 10 can produce a modulation effect similar to a diffraction grating on the light; and in the case of high-low alternating arrangement of the thickness of the box, the refractive index of the liquid crystal layer 13 can be matched by changing the driving voltage, so that the modulation effect similar to the diffraction grating can be further amplified, and the functions of changing the light exit angle and the light brightness can be realized.

[0167] Exemplarily, the interval size can be set as a preset interval size, which can make the difference between the phase delay amounts of the liquid crystal layer 13 corresponding to the two rectangular protrusions on both sides of the interval be 2π, so that the diffraction principle of the grating can be used to change the light exit angle and the light brightness.

[0168] It should be noted that the surface of the first substrate 11 close to the liquid crystal layer 13, or the surface of the second substrate 12 close to the liquid crystal layer 13, can only include a plurality of rectangular protrusions, or only include the protrusions with the first shape of the sub-surface arrangement, or include both the rectangular protrusions and the protrusions with the first shape of the sub-surface arrangement. That is, the rectangular protrusions and the protrusions with the first shape of the sub-surface arrangement can be combined according to actual needs.

[0169] In some examples, the surface of the first substrate 11 close to the liquid crystal layer 13, or the surface of the second substrate 12 close to the liquid crystal layer 13, includes rectangular protrusions on one part and protrusions with the first shape of the sub-surface arrangement on the other part, and the first shape of the protrusions can be a combination of one or more of linear, triangular and parabolic shapes. In this way, the part of the light modulation unit 10 corresponding to the rectangular protrusions can modulate the light by using the diffraction principle of the grating, and the protrusions with the first shape of the sub-surface arrangement can modulate the light by changing the refractive index of the liquid crystal layer 13 to achieve different modulation effects (such as light deflection or change of viewing angle, such as light convergence or divergence) at different positions of the light modulation unit 10.

[0170] In some embodiments, as shown in FIG. 5, the light modulation unit 10 further includes a first alignment film 17 and a second alignment film 18. The first alignment film 17 is located between the common electrode layer 14 and the liquid crystal layer 13. The second alignment film 18 is located between the control electrode sub-module 15 and the liquid crystal layer 13. In the case that the surface of the first substrate 11 close to the liquid crystal layer 13 has a plurality of protrusions, the first alignment film 18 continues the shape of the plurality of protrusions. In the case that the surface of the second substrate 12 close to the liquid crystal layer 13 has a plurality of protrusions, the second alignment film 18 continues the shape of the plurality of protrusions.

[0171] It should be understood that by providing the first alignment film 17 between the common electrode layer 14 and the liquid crystal layer 13, and the second alignment film 18 between the control electrode sub-module 15 and the liquid crystal layer 13, the first liquid crystal molecules 13M can be provided with a pre-tilt angle; here, the pre-tilt angle is the acute angle between the long axis N of the first liquid crystal molecules 13M and the plane in which the alignment film (the first alignment film 17 and / or the second alignment film 18) is anchored.

[0172] The pre-tilt angle can cause the first liquid crystal molecules 13M to be in a pre-tilt state, which means that the first liquid crystal molecules 13M near the alignment film (the first alignment film 17 and / or the second alignment film 18) are tilted in a certain direction relative to the plane in which the alignment film (the first alignment film 17 and / or the second alignment film 18) is located. In some examples, the pre-tilt angle refers to the angle between the long axis of a rod-like liquid crystal molecule and the plane in which the alignment film (the first alignment film 17 and / or the second alignment film 18) is located, and the plane in which the long axis of the rod-like liquid crystal molecule intersects the plane in which the alignment film (the first alignment film 17 and / or the second alignment film 18) is located. The pre-tilt angle exhibited by the first liquid crystal molecules 13M is the state exhibited by the first liquid crystal molecules 13M when the light ray modulation unit 10 is not powered on or the voltage between the control electrode 151A and the common electrode layer 14 is 0.

[0173] Exemplarily, the first alignment film 17 and / or the second alignment film 18 can be made of a polymer material, such as polyimide (PI).

[0174] In some examples, the first alignment film 17 and the second alignment film 18 can be formed by a Rubbing process. In the process of performing the Rubbing process, the surface of the first alignment film 17 and the second alignment film 18 close to the liquid crystal layer 13 forms an oblique angle relative to the surface thereof away from the liquid crystal layer 13. The alignment direction of the first alignment film 17 and the alignment direction of the second alignment film 18 can be parallel and opposite, so that the alignment aspect of the first liquid crystal molecules 13M in the liquid crystal layer 13 is relatively consistent.

[0175] In other examples, the first alignment film 17 and the second alignment film 18 can be formed by an Optical Alignment (OA) process.

[0176] Exemplarily, compared with the Rubbing process, the pre-tilt angle of the first liquid crystal molecules 13M can be reduced by at least 75% when the first alignment film 17 and the second alignment film 18 are formed by the photo-alignment process. In this way, when the photo-alignment process is used, a lower driving voltage can be used to make the difference between the maximum and minimum refractive indexes in one modulation aperture reach a set value; thus, when the difference between the maximum and minimum refractive indexes in one modulation aperture needs to reach a set value (for example, when the light in one modulation aperture needs to be deflected by a certain angle), the photo-alignment process can reduce the driving voltage of the light modulation unit 10, so that the power consumption of the light modulation unit 10 is lower.

[0177] It can be understood that the first alignment film 17 can be configured to anchor part of the first liquid crystal molecules 13M in the liquid crystal layer 13 close to it, and the second alignment film 18 can be configured to anchor part of the first liquid crystal molecules 13M in the liquid crystal layer 13 close to it, thereby achieving the purpose of aligning the first liquid crystal molecules 13M. Moreover, in the case that the surface of the first substrate 11 close to the liquid crystal layer 13 has a plurality of protrusions, the setting of the first alignment film 18 extending the shape of the plurality of protrusions, and in the case that the surface of the second substrate 12 close to the liquid crystal layer 13 has a plurality of protrusions, the setting of the second alignment film 18 extending the shape of the plurality of protrusions, can make the thickness of the liquid crystal layer 13 have a certain change, and the phase delay can be achieved by using the change in cell thickness.

[0178] In some examples, at least part of the light modulation unit 10 modulates light by using the grating diffraction principle. In this case, the part of the light modulation unit 10 that modulates light by using the grating diffraction principle includes a plurality of high refractive index parts (for example, the fourth modulation part described in detail below) and a plurality of low refractive index parts (for example, the fifth modulation part described in detail below), and the plurality of high refractive index parts and the plurality of low refractive index parts can be arranged alternately. At this time, there can be light emission between adjacent high refractive index parts (i.e., the part corresponding to the low refractive index part), which can cause crosstalk.

[0179] Based on the above, in some embodiments, as shown in FIG. 5, one of the first substrate 11 and the second substrate 12 of the light modulation unit 10 that is closer to the light exit side is the light exit substrate F; the light modulation unit further includes a linear polarizer 19 arranged on the surface of the light exit substrate F away from the liquid crystal layer 13.

[0180] It can be understood that by arranging the linear polarizer 19 on the surface of the light exit substrate F away from the liquid crystal layer 13, the light emitted from the low refractive index part can be filtered by the linear polarizer 19, the crosstalk of the light emitted from the low refractive index part can be reduced, and the light modulation effect of the light modulation unit 10 can be improved.

[0181] In some embodiments, as shown in FIG5, the thickness L4 of the dielectric layer 152 is less than or equal to

[0182] For example, the thickness of dielectric layer 152 can be or wait.

[0183] Understandably, when the thickness L4 of dielectric layer 152 is less than or equal to When the dielectric layer 152 is relatively thin, the spacing between two adjacent control electrode layers 151 can be smaller while ensuring the insulating function of the dielectric layer 152. This can improve the continuity of the electric field between two adjacent control electrode layers 151.

[0184] In some embodiments, the difference Δn between the unusual refractive index n0 and the ordinary refractive index n1 of the first liquid crystal molecule 13M is greater than or equal to 0.2.

[0185] For example, the difference between the unusual refractive index n0 and the ordinary refractive index n1 of the first liquid crystal molecule 13M can be 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9, 1.0, 1.05 or 1.2, etc.

[0186] Understandably, when the unusual refractive index n0 is large, the light deflection angle β that the light modulation unit 10 can achieve is large (see the calculation formula of the deflection angle β described in detail below); by setting the difference between the unusual refractive index n0 and the ordinary refractive index n1 of the first liquid crystal molecule 13M to be greater than or equal to 0.2, the unusual refractive index n0 of the first liquid crystal molecule 13M can be large. In this way, the light deflection angle β that the light modulation unit 10 can achieve can be large, thereby improving the light modulation effect of the light modulation unit 10.

[0187] In some embodiments, as shown in FIG12, there are multiple light modulation units 10, and the multiple light modulation units 10 are stacked along the thickness direction Y of the liquid crystal layer 13. The control electrodes 151A of two adjacent light modulation units 10 are arranged in parallel directions.

[0188] In some examples, the light modulation unit 10 further includes an alignment film (e.g., a first alignment film and / or a second alignment film). In this case, the alignment film can be used to align the first liquid crystal molecules 13M of the two light modulation units 10 so that the alignment directions of the first liquid crystal molecules 13M of the two light modulation units 10 are parallel.

[0189] It can be understood that when the arrangement directions of the control electrodes 151A of the two adjacent light modulation units 10 are arranged in parallel, the two adjacent light modulation units 10 can modulate the light of the same polarization state, and thus the modulation efficiency of the two light modulation units 10 for the light of the polarization state is higher than that of one light modulation unit 10.

[0190] For example, when the modulation of the light modulation unit 10 on the light is to deflect the light, when the arrangement directions of the control electrodes 151A of the two light modulation units 10 are arranged in parallel, the deflection angle of the light can be twice the deflection angle corresponding to one light modulation unit 10. Here, for the way in which the light modulation unit 10 deflects the light, reference can be made to the part in the first modulation unit in which the first refractive index gradually decreases along the first direction in a linear manner or gradually increases along the first direction in a linear manner, which will not be described here again.

[0191] In some examples, taking a vehicle-mounted display device with a light modulation module and a size of 8.4 inches as an example, when the difference Δn between the extraordinary refractive index n0 and the ordinary refractive index n1 of the first liquid crystal molecules 13M is different (Δn = 0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8), the deflection angle that can be achieved by a single light modulation unit 10 and the deflection angle that can be achieved by two light modulation units 10 (the arrangement directions of the control electrodes 151A of the two light modulation units 10 are arranged in parallel) are simulated, and the simulation results are shown in Table 1 below.

[0192] Table 1

[0193] As can be seen from Table 1, when the polarization state light is modulated by the two light modulation units 10, the simulated deflection angle can be twice the deflection angle when the light is modulated by a single light modulation unit 10; that is, the simulated deflection angle is close to the calculated deflection angle.

[0194] Moreover, as can be seen from Table 1, when the number of light modulation units 10 is the same, a larger deflection angle can be achieved when Δn is larger, and thus when Δn is larger, the light modulation effect of the light modulation unit 10 can be improved.

[0195] In some embodiments, as shown in FIG. 13, the number of light modulation units 10 is a plurality, and the plurality of light modulation units 10 are stacked along the thickness direction Y of the liquid crystal layer 13. The arrangement directions of the control electrodes 151A of the two adjacent light modulation units 10 are arranged in intersection.

[0196] For example, the included angle formed by the arrangement directions of the control electrodes 151A of the two adjacent light modulation units 10 can be 30°, 45°, 60°, 75°, or 90°, etc.

[0197] In some examples, the light modulation unit 10 further comprises an alignment film (e.g., a first alignment film and / or a second alignment film), and the first liquid crystal molecules 13M of the two light modulation units 10 can be aligned by the alignment film, so that the alignment directions of the first liquid crystal molecules 13M of the two light modulation units 10 intersect.

[0198] It can be understood that the liquid crystal molecules have birefringence (also referred to as dichroism), and can modulate light of one polarization state, and the polarization angle of the light of the polarization state is associated with the optical axis direction of the liquid crystal molecules. When the arrangement directions of the control electrodes 151A of the two adjacent light modulation units 10 are arranged to intersect, the optical axis N directions of the first liquid crystal molecules 13M of the two adjacent light modulation units 10 are different, so that the two adjacent light modulation units 10 can modulate light of two polarization states, and thus the modulation effect and the modulation efficiency of the light modulation module 100 can be improved.

[0199] For example, when the number of the light modulation units 10 included in the light modulation module 100 is multiple, the two adjacent light modulation units 10 can be bonded by a transparent adhesive material, or can be connected by a physical buckle adhesion manner, which is not limited herein.

[0200] In some embodiments, as shown in FIG. 13, the number of the light modulation units 10 is two, and the arrangement directions of the control electrodes 151A of the two light modulation units 10 are arranged to be perpendicular.

[0201] It can be understood that by the above arrangement, the two light modulation units 10 can modulate light of two polarization states with perpendicular polarization directions, so that the display image generated after the modulation by the light modulation module 100 is closer to the display image before the modulation, and the aberration that can be formed in the display process can be slowed down.

[0202] In some examples, the light modulation module 100 can be used in a higher modulation specification application scenario. At this time, the light modulation module 100 can capture the iris of a person at a peeping angle by using a human eye tracking technology, or track the geometric features of the human eye to feed back the peeping position. At this time, the light modulation module 100 can comprise multiple light modulation units 10, and by controlling the driving voltage, the multiple light modulation units 10 can adjust the light exit direction according to the feedback peeping position, and can compensate for any viewing angle according to the requirement, and improve the modulation effect.

[0203] Some embodiments of the present disclosure also provide a driving method of the light beam modulation module 100. The light beam modulation module 100 is the light beam modulation module 100 of any of the above-mentioned embodiments. The driving method of the light beam modulation module 100 comprises: as shown in FIG. 14, inputting a control voltage to the plurality of control electrodes 151A and inputting a common voltage to the common electrode layer 14, so as to drive the first liquid crystal molecules 13M to deflect from an initial state to a first stable state, so that the refractive index distribution of the light beam modulation unit 10 is periodically arranged along the first direction X as a whole or locally.

[0204] Here, the refractive index distribution can be understood as the refractive index of each part of the light beam modulation unit 10 in a certain state (for example, when the first liquid crystal molecules 13M deflect to the first stable state) is arranged in a certain way (for example, along the first direction X). Therefore, the refractive index distribution of the light beam modulation unit 10 is associated with the state of the light beam modulation unit, that is, the light beam modulation unit 10 in different states can have different refractive index distributions. Here, the state of the light beam modulation unit 10 is different, for example, the way of applying the control voltage to the light beam modulation unit 10 is different.

[0205] In some embodiments, as shown in FIG. 14, when the first liquid crystal molecules 13M deflect to the first stable state, the refractive index distribution of each modulation aperture P of the light beam modulation unit 10 is the same, at this time, the refractive index distribution of the light beam modulation unit 10 can be periodically arranged along the first direction X with one modulation aperture P as a period. At this time, the size of the modulation aperture P along the first direction X can be the same.

[0206] In other embodiments, when the first liquid crystal molecules 13M deflect to the first stable state, the light beam modulation unit 10 comprises a plurality of parts, the refractive index distribution of each modulation aperture P located in one part is the same, and the refractive index distribution of each modulation aperture P located in different parts is not the same. In this case, the refractive index distribution of each part of the light beam modulation unit 10 can be periodically arranged along the first direction X with the modulation aperture P corresponding to the part as a period; at this time, the size of the modulation aperture P located in each part can be the same or different; that is, the modulation period of each part of the light beam modulation unit 10 can be the same or different.

[0207] It should be understood that when the refractive index distributions of the two modulation apertures P are the same, the two modulation apertures P modulate the light rays in the same way; when the refractive index distributions of the two modulation apertures P are different, the two modulation apertures P modulate the light rays in different ways. In this case, when the refractive index distribution of the light ray modulation unit 10 is periodically arranged in the first direction X as a whole when the first liquid crystal molecules 13M are deflected to the first stable state, the light ray modulation unit 10 can be divided into a plurality of modulation apertures P as a whole, and the refractive index distributions of the modulation apertures P are substantially the same. At this time, the light rays passing through different modulation apertures P of the light ray modulation unit 10 can be modulated in the same way.

[0208] When the refractive index distribution of the light ray modulation unit 10 is periodically arranged in the first direction X locally when the first liquid crystal molecules 13M are deflected to the first stable state, a part (i.e., locally) of the light ray modulation unit 10 can be divided into a plurality of modulation apertures P. At this time, the light rays passing through the part of the light ray modulation unit 10 can be modulated in the same way. It should be noted that in this case, the remaining part of the light ray modulation unit 10 can be provided with a plurality of modulation apertures P, or can not be provided with modulation apertures P; that is, the light rays passing through the remaining part of the light ray modulation unit 10 can be modulated in another way, or can not be modulated, in which case the modulation of the local picture light rays can be achieved. In the case where the light rays passing through the remaining part of the light ray modulation unit 10 are not modulated, the remaining part of the light ray modulation unit 10 can be unpowered, the voltage between the control electrode 151A and the common electrode layer 14 can be 0, or the first liquid crystal molecules 13M can not be provided, which is not limited here.

[0209] Here, the changes that occur to the light rays after being modulated by the above-mentioned modulation manner can be changes in the exit angle, such as deflection of the light rays, convergence of the light rays, or divergence of the light rays. Moreover, in some examples, when the light rays converge or diverge, the display picture or the light ray bundle modulated by the light ray modulation unit 10 changes in brightness.

[0210] The driving method of the light ray modulation module 100 has the same beneficial effects as the light ray modulation module 100 described in some of the above-mentioned embodiments, which will not be repeated here.

[0211] In some embodiments, as shown in FIGS. 1, 4, and 15-21, when the first liquid crystal molecules 13M are deflected to the first stable state, the light ray modulation unit 10 is divided into a plurality of first modulation portions P1 arranged in the first direction X. The refractive index distributions of the plurality of first modulation portions P1 are the same. The first modulation portion P1 includes at least two control electrodes 151A; the part corresponding to one control electrode 151A in the first modulation portion P1 has a first refractive index n a .

[0212] When the light ray modulation unit 10 is divided into a plurality of first modulation portions P1 arranged along the first direction X, and the refractive index distributions of the plurality of first modulation portions P1 are the same, the refractive index distribution of the light ray modulation unit 10 is periodically arranged along the first direction with one first modulation portion P1 as a period. It can also be understood that the refractive index distribution of the light ray modulation unit 10 is arranged with the arrangement period of the first modulation portion P1 as a period.

[0213] It should be noted that the manner of making the refractive index distributions of the plurality of first modulation portions P1 the same is not limited here. For example, the thicknesses of the liquid crystal layers 13 corresponding to the respective first modulation portions P1 can be made equal, and the refractive index distributions of the plurality of first modulation portions P1 can be made the same by adjusting the driving voltages of the respective control electrodes 151A. For another example, the thicknesses of the liquid crystal layers 13 corresponding to the respective first modulation portions P1 can be made unequal by means such as setting protrusions, and the refractive index distributions of the plurality of first modulation portions P1 can be made the same by adjusting the driving voltages of the respective control electrodes 151A.

[0214] It can be understood that, through the above setting, the light rays passing through the light ray modulation unit 10 can include a plurality of light ray groups, one light ray group corresponding to one first modulation portion P1. In this way, the light ray groups can be modulated by the first modulation portions P1 corresponding thereto. Moreover, when the refractive index distributions of the plurality of first modulation portions P1 are the same, the plurality of light ray groups can be modulated in the same modulation manner, so that the light rays can be modulated in light ray group units, and controllable modulation of the light rays can be achieved.

[0215] The refractive index distribution of the first modulation portion P1 will be described exemplarily below. Here, the understanding of the refractive index distribution of the first modulation portion P1 can refer to the description of the refractive index distribution of the light ray modulation unit 10 above.

[0216] As one possible implementation manner, the refractive index distribution of the first modulation portion P1 along the first direction X can be obtained by the following manner: defining one boundary of the first modulation portion P1 as a reference point, taking the distances of the respective parts within the first modulation portion P1 from the reference point along the first direction X as the abscissas, and taking the first refractive indexes n a of the respective parts as the ordinates to draw a refractive index distribution graph. Since the regions corresponding to one control electrode have relatively close first refractive indexes n a In the refractive index distribution graph, one control electrode can correspond to one curve segment. In this case, in order to more clearly show the variation of the first refractive index n a of the first modulation portion P1, the extreme points of the respective curve segments can be connected to obtain a first variation trend line W1 of the first refractive index n a , and the first variation trend line W1 is used to judge the first refractive index n athe change situation.

[0217] In some embodiments, as shown in FIG. 1, FIG. 4 and FIG. 15, when the first liquid crystal molecules 13M deflect to the first steady state, the plurality of first refractive indexes n a , along the first direction X, gradually decrease first and then gradually increase, and change in a broken line shape.

[0218] It should be understood that when the plurality of first refractive indexes n a , along the first direction X, gradually decrease first and then gradually increase, and change in a broken line shape, the first change trend line W1 corresponding to the first modulation part P1 is a V-shaped line opening upward.

[0219] It can be understood that through the above setting, the first modulation part P1 can have a minimum refractive index part at the turning point of the broken line, and the first refractive index n a of the minimum refractive index part is smaller than that of other parts of the first modulation part P1. When the plurality of first refractive indexes n a , along the first direction X, gradually decrease first and then gradually increase, the light rays on both sides of the minimum refractive index part are offset in the direction away from the minimum refractive index part in the first direction X, so that the light rays can be diverged, which can be used to regulate the viewing angle and contrast of the display screen of the display device, or to regulate the light type of the light-emitting device.

[0220] In some embodiments, as shown in FIG. 1, FIG. 4 and FIG. 16, when the first liquid crystal molecules 13M deflect to the first steady state, the plurality of first refractive indexes n a , along the first direction X, gradually increase first and then gradually decrease, and change in a broken line shape.

[0221] It should be understood that when the plurality of first refractive indexes n a , along the first direction X, gradually increase first and then gradually decrease, and change in a broken line shape, the first change trend line W1 corresponding to the first modulation part P1 is a V-shaped line opening downward.

[0222] It can be understood that through the above setting, the first modulation part P1 can have a maximum refractive index part at the turning point of the broken line, and the first refractive index n a of the maximum refractive index part is larger than that of other parts of the first modulation part P1. When the plurality of first refractive indexes n a , along the first direction X, gradually increase first and then gradually decrease, the light rays on both sides of the maximum refractive index part are offset in the direction close to the maximum refractive index part in the first direction X, so that the light rays can be converged, which can be used to regulate the viewing angle and contrast of the display screen of the display device, or to regulate the light type of the light-emitting device.

[0223] In some embodiments, as shown in FIG. 1, FIG. 4 and FIG. 17, when the first liquid crystal molecules 13M deflect to the first steady state, the plurality of first refractive indexes n a , along the first direction X, first gradually decrease and then gradually increase, and change in a parabolic shape.

[0224] It should be understood that when the plurality of first refractive indexes n a , along the first direction X, first gradually decrease and then gradually increase, and change in a parabolic shape, the first change trend line W1 corresponding to the first modulation part P1 is in an open upward parabolic shape (for example, a quadratic parabolic shape).

[0225] It can be understood that through the above setting, the first modulation part P1 can have a minimum refractive index part at the lowest point of the parabola, and the first refractive index n a of the minimum refractive index part is smaller than that of other parts of the first modulation part P1. In this way, in the first direction X, the light rays on both sides of the minimum refractive index part are offset in the direction away from the minimum refractive index part, so that the divergence of the light rays can be achieved, which can be used to regulate the viewing angle and contrast of the display screen of the display device, and also can be used to regulate the light type of the light-emitting device.

[0226] Moreover, the first liquid crystal molecules 13M can change the propagation distance of the light rays to achieve different optical path differences, so as to realize the deflection of the light rays, in other words, by changing the curvature of the first change trend line W1, the working principle similar to the contraction and relaxation of the lens can be used to realize the modulation of the focal length. Since the driving voltage is adjustable, the focal length of the light ray modulation unit 10 is adjustable, and compared with ordinary lenses, the light ray modulation unit 10 can have the advantages of adjustable focal length and flexibility, and can realize specific specifications of light ray modulation, and can be used in application scenarios such as three-dimensional display and virtual reality (VR) display.

[0227] In some embodiments, as shown in FIG. 1, FIG. 4 and FIG. 18, when the first liquid crystal molecules 13M deflect to the first steady state, the plurality of first refractive indexes n a , along the first direction X, first gradually increase and then gradually decrease, and change in a parabolic shape.

[0228] It should be understood that when the plurality of first refractive indexes n a , along the first direction X, first gradually increase and then gradually decrease, and change in a parabolic shape, the first change trend line W1 corresponding to the first modulation part P1 is in an open downward parabolic shape (for example, a quadratic parabolic shape).

[0229] It can be understood that, through the above setting, the first modulation part P1 can have a maximum refractive index part at the highest point of the parabolic line, and the first refractive index n a of the maximum refractive index part is greater than that of other parts of the first modulation part P1. In this way, in the first direction X, the light rays on both sides of the maximum refractive index part are offset towards the maximum refractive index part, so that the convergence of the light rays can be achieved, which can be used to regulate the viewing angle and contrast of the display screen of the display device, or can be used to regulate the light type of the light-emitting device. Moreover, the focal length of the light ray modulation unit 10 is adjustable, and compared with the ordinary lens, the light ray modulation unit 10 can have the advantages of adjustable focal length and flexibility, and can realize specific light ray modulation specifications, which can be used in three-dimensional display, virtual reality (VR) display and other application scenarios.

[0230] In the following, from the perspective of wave optics, the plurality of first refractive indexes n a of the first modulation part P1 change in a parabolic manner, and the modulation principle of the light ray modulation unit 10 on the light rays is described.

[0231] The initial light ray is represented as U(r), which is incident on the first modulation part P1 and is affected by the light ray transfer function t lens (r) (which can be abbreviated as t(r)), and the outgoing light ray U'(r) can be formed; U'(r) = t(r) · U(r).

[0232] Here, the light ray transfer function can be expressed as t(r) = e -jφ(r) , where φ(r) = k · n(r) · d(r); k is the wave number in free space, for example k = 2π / λ; d(r) is the propagation distance, and n(r) · d(r) represents the propagation path;

[0233] When φ(r) = k · r 2 / (2f), the first modulation part P1 has a converging effect on the light rays, where f is the focal length.

[0234] where the focal length f can be expressed as f = (r0^2) / (2(nc-nb) · d); that is, f = (r0^2) / (2△n(dc-db)). At this time, the light ray transfer function can also be expressed as n c is the extraordinary refractive index at the center of the first modulation part P1, n b is the extraordinary refractive index at the edge of the first modulation part P1; r is the position of the first modulation part P1; r0 is the size of the first modulation part P1; d is the thickness; db is the edge thickness; db is the center thickness; j is the imaginary unit.

[0235] From the above analysis, a more direct way to change the focal length of the first modulation part P1 is to change the curvature of the first change trend line W1.

[0236] In some examples, the first change trend line W1 is a parabola. When the viewing distance is D and the focal length of the first modulation part P1 is f, the viewing angle of the outgoing light rays can reach (1-D / f) times of the viewing angle of the incident light rays after being modulated by the first modulation part P1. Here, the focal length can be positive or negative. When the focal length of the first modulation part P1 is positive, the viewing angle becomes smaller; when the focal length of the first modulation part P1 is negative, the viewing angle becomes larger.

[0237] In some embodiments, as shown in FIGS. 1, 4, and 15-18, the plurality of first refractive indexes n a of the first modulation part P1 gradually decrease first and then gradually increase along the first direction X, the control electrode 151A corresponding to the minimum of the plurality of first refractive indexes n a is located at the center C of the first modulation part P1. In the case where the plurality of first refractive indexes n a of the first modulation part P1 gradually increase first and then gradually decrease along the first direction X, the control electrode 151A corresponding to the maximum of the plurality of first refractive indexes n a is located at the center C of the first modulation part P1.

[0238] It should be understood that the control electrode 151A corresponding to the minimum of the plurality of first refractive indexes n a corresponds to the minimum refractive index part. The control electrode 151A corresponding to the maximum of the plurality of first refractive indexes n a corresponds to the maximum refractive index part.

[0239] Here, the control electrode 151A is located at the center C of the first modulation part P1, which can be understood as that the center C of the first modulation part P1 is located on the center line of the control electrode 151A. It should be noted that the above-mentioned "located at the center of the first modulation part P1" includes being absolutely located at the center of the first modulation part P1 and being close to the center of the first modulation part P1, wherein the acceptable deviation range close to the center of the first modulation part P1 can be, for example, less than or equal to 5% of the difference between the two.

[0240] It can be understood that when the control electrode 151A corresponding to the minimum of the plurality of first refractive indexes n a is located at the center C of the first modulation part P1, the light rays located on both sides of the minimum refractive index part are offset in the direction away from the center C of the first modulation part P1; when the control electrode 151A corresponding to the maximum of the plurality of first refractive indexes n aWhen the center C1 of the control electrode corresponding to the minimum of the plurality of first refractive indexes n a in the first modulation portion P1 deviates from the center C of the first modulation portion P1, the light rays on both sides of the minimum refractive index portion deviate in a direction away from the minimum refractive index portion, and the minimum refractive index portion deviates from the center C of the first modulation portion P1. When the center C1 of the control electrode corresponding to the maximum of the plurality of first refractive indexes n a in the first modulation portion P1 deviates from the center C of the first modulation portion P1, the light rays on both sides of the maximum refractive index portion deviate in a direction close to the minimum refractive index portion, and the maximum refractive index portion deviates from the center C of the first modulation portion P1. In this way, the light rays passing through the first modulation portion P1 can be converged or diverged symmetrically with the center of the first modulation portion P1 as the symmetric center, achieving symmetric modulation.

[0241] In some embodiments, as shown in FIG. 19, the plurality of first refractive indexes n a in the first modulation portion P1 gradually decrease first and then gradually increase along the first direction X. a When the center C1 of the control electrode corresponding to the minimum of the plurality of first refractive indexes n a in the first modulation portion P1 gradually increases first and then gradually decreases along the first direction X, the center C1 of the control electrode corresponding to the maximum of the plurality of first refractive indexes n a in the first modulation portion P1 deviates from the center C of the first modulation portion P1.

[0242] It can be understood that when the center C1 of the control electrode corresponding to the minimum of the plurality of first refractive indexes n a in the first modulation portion P1 deviates from the center C of the first modulation portion P1, the light rays on both sides of the minimum refractive index portion deviate in a direction away from the minimum refractive index portion, and the minimum refractive index portion deviates from the center C of the first modulation portion P1. When the center C1 of the control electrode corresponding to the maximum of the plurality of first refractive indexes n a in the first modulation portion P1 deviates from the center C of the first modulation portion P1, the light rays on both sides of the maximum refractive index portion deviate in a direction close to the minimum refractive index portion, and the maximum refractive index portion deviates from the center C of the first modulation portion P1. In this way, the light rays can be modulated asymmetrically, that is, the light rays are deviated in the process of converging or diverging, which can be used in applications such as privacy, specific angle viewing, etc.

[0243] In some embodiments, as shown in FIGS. 20-22, when the first liquid crystal molecules 13M are deflected to the first stable state, the plurality of first refractive indexes n a in the first modulation portion P1 gradually decrease along the second direction X1, and decrease linearly; the second direction X1 is a direction from the first boundary 10A to the second boundary 10B of the light ray modulation unit 10; the first boundary 10A and the second boundary 10B are arranged along the first direction X.

[0244] It should be understood that when the plurality of first refractive indexes n a, gradually decreases along the second direction X1, and linearly decreases, wherein the first variation trend line W1 corresponding to the first modulation part P1 is an inclined straight line, and the refractive index of the portion of the inclined straight line close to the second boundary 10B is less than the refractive index of the portion close to the first boundary 10A.

[0245] It can be understood that, through the above setting, the light passing through the first modulation part P1 can be offset to the direction close to the first boundary 10A, so that a three-prism can be equivalent to realize directional offset of the light, for example, offset to the direction away from the peeping angle, which can be used in the application scenarios such as anti-peeping, specific angle viewing, dual-view display, etc.; and when applied to anti-peeping, the light ray modulation unit 10 can change the exit angle of the light as a whole without changing the relative position of the light exit, that is, the viewing angle can be changed without damaging the display quality.

[0246] In some examples, as shown in FIG. 21, when the incident light and the light receiving surface are the same, the warping angle of the first liquid crystal molecules 13M gradually increases in the order of V1-V4, the △nd gradually decreases, the path of the exit light gradually increases, and thus the light deflection angle gradually increases. This can also be verified according to Fermat's principle, that is, the light path is the extreme value when the light propagates from one point to another point regardless of the number of refractions and reflections.

[0247] In some embodiments, as shown in FIG. 1, FIG. 4 and FIG. 23, when the first liquid crystal molecules 13M are deflected to the first stable state, the plurality of first refractive indexes n a , gradually increases along the second direction X1, and linearly increases, wherein the second direction X1 is the direction from the first boundary 10A of the light ray modulation unit to the second boundary; the first boundary 10A and the second boundary 10B are arranged along the first direction X.

[0248] It should be understood that, when the plurality of first refractive indexes n a , gradually increases along the second direction X1, and linearly increases, wherein the first variation trend line W1 corresponding to the first modulation part P1 is an inclined straight line, and the refractive index of the portion of the inclined straight line close to the second boundary 10B is greater than the refractive index of the portion close to the first boundary 10A.

[0249] It can be understood that, through the above setting, the light passing through the first modulation part P1 can be offset to the direction close to the second boundary, so that a three-prism can be equivalent to realize directional offset of the light from 0° to 90°, for example, offset to the direction away from the peeping angle, which can be used in the application scenarios such as anti-peeping, specific angle viewing, dual-view display, etc.; and when applied to anti-peeping, the light ray modulation unit 10 can change the exit angle of the light as a whole without changing the relative position of the light exit, that is, the viewing angle can be changed without damaging the display quality.

[0250] In some examples, when the first liquid crystal molecules 13M are deflected to the first steady state, the plurality of first refractive indexes n a , gradually decreases along the second direction X1, and decreases linearly, the modulation effect of the light rays is simulated, and the result is shown in FIG. 24. As shown in FIG. 24, by adjusting the driving voltage, the direction of the outgoing light rays can be adjusted to be parallel, that is, only the viewing angle can be changed without damaging the display quality. In FIG. 24, the spacing between the imaging points does not change after the three equally spaced viewing points pass through the first modulation part P1, and the positions are shifted as a whole. This indicates that the light ray adjustment layer changes the outgoing angle of the light rays as a whole, but does not change the relative position of the outgoing light rays.

[0251] In some embodiments, as shown in FIGS. 25 and 26, the light ray modulation module 100 can be applied to a display device 200 and used in cooperation with a display substrate 210 (for example, a 2D display substrate). The display screen of the display substrate 210 can be modulated by the light ray modulation module 100 to achieve the effect of dual-view display. For example, the display device can be applied to a vehicle display device. Through dual-view display, the viewing areas of the driver and the passenger can be clearly and accurately divided, the display effect can be optimized, and the driver and the passenger can both obtain complete visual information and enjoy better visual experience and higher comfort. In addition, the driver and the passenger can not interfere with each other when watching, safe driving can be achieved, and the concentration and attention of the driver during driving can be ensured.

[0252] The method for achieving dual-view display is described below.

[0253] In some embodiments, as shown in FIG. 25, when the first liquid crystal molecules 13M deflect to the first stable state, the light ray modulation unit 10 is divided into a plurality of second modulation portions P2 and a plurality of third modulation portions P3 arranged along the first direction X. The plurality of second modulation portions P2 have the same refractive index distribution; the second modulation portion P2 includes at least two control electrodes 151A; in the second modulation portion P2, the portion corresponding to one control electrode 151A has a second refractive index; and the plurality of second refractive indices in the second modulation portion P2 decrease linearly along the second direction X1. The plurality of third modulation portions P3 have the same refractive index distribution; the third modulation portion P3 includes at least two control electrodes 151A; in the third modulation portion P3, the portion corresponding to one control electrode 151A has a third refractive index; and the plurality of third refractive indices in the third modulation portion P3 increase linearly along the second direction X1. The second direction X1 is the direction from the first boundary 10A of the light ray modulation unit 10 to the second boundary 10B; the first boundary 10A and the second boundary 10B are arranged along the first direction X; wherein the plurality of second modulation portions P2 are located on the side of the light ray modulation unit 10 along the first direction X and close to the first boundary 10A, and the plurality of third modulation portions P3 are located on the side of the light ray modulation unit 10 along the first direction X and close to the second boundary 10B.

[0254] It can be understood that when the plurality of second refractive indices in the second modulation portion P2 decrease linearly along the second direction X1, the light ray passing through the second modulation portion P2 can be deflected to the direction close to the first boundary 10A to display the first picture; and when the plurality of third refractive indices in the third modulation portion P3 increase linearly along the second direction X1, the light ray passing through the second modulation portion P2 can be deflected to the direction close to the second boundary 10B to display the second picture, thereby realizing the effect of dual-view display. Here, for the reasons why the light ray passing through the second modulation portion P2 can be deflected to the direction close to the first boundary 10A and / or the light ray passing through the third modulation portion P3 can be deflected to the direction close to the second boundary 10B, reference can be made to the above description of the linear decrease or increase of the plurality of first refractive indices n a in the modulation portion P1. Here, the description will not be repeated.

[0255] Moreover, by locating the plurality of second modulation portions P2 on the side of the light ray modulation unit 10 along the first direction X and close to the first boundary 10A, and locating the plurality of third modulation portions P3 on the side of the light ray modulation unit 10 along the first direction X and close to the second boundary 10B, the light ray passing through the light ray modulation unit 10 can be deflected to the boundary closer to the first boundary 10A and the second boundary 10B, and the light ray passing through the second modulation portion P2 and the light ray passing through the third modulation portion P3 have less mutual influence, thereby improving the display effect.

[0256] In some embodiments, as shown in FIG. 26, when the first liquid crystal molecules 13M are deflected to the first stable state, the light modulation unit 10 is divided into a plurality of second modulation portions P2 and a plurality of third modulation portions P3 arranged along the first direction X. The plurality of second modulation portions P2 have the same refractive index distribution; the second modulation portion P2 includes at least two control electrodes 151A; in the second modulation portion P2, the portion corresponding to one control electrode 151A has a second refractive index; and the plurality of second refractive indices in the second modulation portion P2 decrease linearly along the second direction X1. The plurality of third modulation portions P3 have the same refractive index distribution; the third modulation portion P3 includes at least two control electrodes 151A; in the third modulation portion P3, the portion corresponding to one control electrode 151A has a third refractive index; and the plurality of third refractive indices in the third modulation portion P3 increase linearly along the second direction X1. The second direction X1 is the direction from the first boundary 10A of the light modulation unit 10 to the second boundary 10B; the first boundary 10A and the second boundary 10B are arranged along the first direction X; and the plurality of second modulation portions P2 and the plurality of third modulation portions P3 are alternately arranged along the first direction X.

[0257] It can be understood that, according to the foregoing, the light passing through the second modulation portion P2 can be deflected to the direction close to the first boundary 10A to display a first image; the light passing through the third modulation portion P3 can be deflected to the direction close to the second boundary 10B to display a second image, thereby realizing the effect of dual-view display. Moreover, when the plurality of second modulation portions P2 and the plurality of third modulation portions P3 are alternately arranged along the first direction X, the plurality of sub-images of the first image and the plurality of sub-images of the second image are alternately arranged, and the viewing angles of the first image and the second image are large.

[0258] In some examples, when the plurality of second modulation portions P2 and the plurality of third modulation portions P3 are alternately arranged along the first direction X, two pixels in the display substrate 210 used in cooperation with the light modulation module 100 are a display unit, so as to effectively separate the dual-view images.

[0259] In some examples, the light modulation module 100 is applied to a vehicle-mounted display device, and the images projected to the driver in the first image and the second image are used to display navigation and safe driving information. At this time, the deflection angle of the light corresponding to the image projected to the driver can be increased, so that the driver can view the projected image when the line of sight of the driver is kept on the driving platform, and unnecessary head turning can be reduced.

[0260] In some embodiments, as shown in FIGS. 1, 4, 19, 25 and 26, the selected modulation portion is any one of the first modulation portion P1, the second modulation portion P2 and the third modulation portion P3; and the selected refractive index is the first refractive index n acorresponding to the selected modulation portion. When the first liquid crystal molecules 13M are deflected to the first stable state, a plurality of selected refractive indexes of one selected modulation portion, a larger selected refractive index corresponding to an emergent light ray, and a smaller selected refractive index corresponding to another emergent light ray, form a deflection angle β; the deflection angle β satisfies the formula: wherein n0 is an extraordinary refractive index of the first liquid crystal molecules 13M corresponding to the smaller selected refractive index, n1 is an ordinary refractive index of the first liquid crystal molecules, d is the thickness of the liquid crystal layer 13, and r1 is the width of the selected modulation portion along the first direction.

[0261] It should be understood that, through the formula of the deflection angle β, the correspondence between the material properties (for example, the material properties of the first liquid crystal molecules 13M) and the structural properties (for example, the thickness of the liquid crystal layer 13 and the size of the selected modulation portion) of the light ray modulation module 100 and the deflection angle can be obtained, so that by adjusting the material properties and the structural properties, the light ray modulation module 100 can achieve the set deflection angle when modulating the light ray, and the purpose of controllable modulation can be achieved.

[0262] As can be seen from the formula of the deflection angle β, when the extraordinary refractive index n0 corresponding to the smaller selected refractive index is larger, the deflection angle β is larger, and the extraordinary refractive index n0 is associated with the driving voltage. In this way, by controlling the driving voltage, that is, controlling the voltage of the common electrode layer 14 and / or the voltage of the control electrode 151, the deflection angle β can meet the set requirements.

[0263] In some examples, the emergent light ray corresponding to the larger selected refractive index is a light ray emerging along the normal direction of the first substrate 11.

[0264] In some examples, the control electrode 151A corresponding to the larger selected refractive index is arranged at one boundary of the selected modulation portion; and the control electrode 151A corresponding to the smaller selected refractive index is arranged at another boundary of the selected modulation portion.

[0265] It should be noted that the driving voltage of the control electrode 151A other than the control electrode 151A corresponding to the smaller selected refractive index in the selected modulation portion is not limited here, as long as it is smaller than the driving voltage of the control electrode 151A corresponding to the smaller selected refractive index.

[0266] In some examples, the driving voltage of the control electrode 151A in the selected modulation portion gradually changes along the first direction X, and at this time, the electric field of the selected modulation portion is relatively continuous.

[0267] In some examples, taking a vehicle-mounted display device with a light modulation module, an 8.4-inch display screen, and a resolution of 1280x900 as an example, the deflection angle that can be achieved by a single light modulation unit 10 when the difference Δn between the extraordinary refractive index n0 and the ordinary refractive index n1 of the first liquid crystal molecules 13M is different (Δn = 0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8) is calculated and simulated. In the light modulation module, the number of light modulation units is one, and the width r1 of the selected modulation portion (corresponding to 15 control electrodes) along the first direction is 136.5 μm. The simulation results (ray trace diagrams) when Δn = 0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, and 0.8 are shown in FIGS. 27-31, respectively. To more clearly describe the simulation results, Table 2 below shows the simulation results when Δn = 0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, and 0.8.

[0268] Table 2

[0269] As can be seen from the above simulation results, the deflection angle calculated by the deflection angle β formula is close to the deflection angle obtained by simulation. Moreover, based on the above vehicle-mounted display device, when r1 = 136.5 μm and Δn = 0.2, a deflection angle of 5° can be achieved. If a deflection angle of 45° is desired, the difference Δn between the extraordinary refractive index n0 and the ordinary refractive index n1 of the first liquid crystal molecules can be increased to 1.05, or the width r1 of the selected modulation portion along the first direction can be reduced to 13.65 μm (corresponding to about 2 control electrodes), and the driving voltage is adjusted accordingly, so that the vehicle-mounted display device meets the application requirements of anti-peep.

[0270] In some embodiments, as shown in FIGS. 1, 32, and 33, when the first liquid crystal molecules 13M are deflected to the first stable state, the light modulation unit 10 is divided into a plurality of fourth modulation portions P4 and a plurality of fifth modulation portions P5 arranged alternately along the first direction X. The fourth modulation portion P4 has a fourth refractive index n e , the fifth modulation portion P5 has a fifth refractive index n f ; the fourth refractive index n e is greater than the fifth refractive index n f . The difference between the phase retardation amounts of two adjacent fourth modulation portions P4 is 2π.

[0271] It can be understood that, based on the diffraction principle of a grating, the light modulation unit 10 can modulate the exit angle and brightness of light, and the modulation period is (d1+d2). Specifically, the diffraction order can be changed by changing the period of the refractive index distribution, so as to achieve different light diffraction angles; wherein the fifth refractive index n fThe proportion of the fourth refractive index n e The fifth refractive index n f The numerical value of the above factors will affect the diffraction efficiency, and based on this, the above factors can be used to regulate the brightness of the display picture.

[0272] In some examples, according to the grating diffraction principle, when the zero-order diffraction peak intensity is 0, the first-order diffraction peak reaches the maximum, and at this time, the display effect of the light ray modulation layer is optimal.

[0273] In related technologies, an optical element capable of spatially periodically modulating the amplitude or phase of incident light, or simultaneously spatially periodically modulating the amplitude and phase, is called a diffraction grating. The grating has a light splitting effect. After the complex light of different wavelengths passes through the grating, each wavelength forms a separate set of stripes, and the stripes are offset by a certain distance from each other, thereby distinguishing the spectral composition of the illuminating broadcast.

[0274] The transmittance matrix of the grating can be represented by T:

[0275] Г is the phase difference of the o light and the e light of the liquid crystal layer, that is, the birefringent phase delay.

[0276] After passing through the grating, the diffracted light beam has three diffraction orders: 0 order and ±1 order, wherein the 0 order remains the original incident direction and polarization state; the second term e^i2α and the third term e^(-i2α) represent additional geometric phases, and the two geometric phases have opposite directions. E out = T x E in

[0277] When the incident light is left-handed light Ei n1 (or right-handed light Ei n2 ), at this time, the diffracted light only has two orders: 0 order and -1 order (or +1 order); if Г = π, the liquid crystal layer satisfies the half-wave condition, and the 0 order diffraction disappears, and only -1 order diffraction exists, that is, right-handed circularly polarized light (or +1 order left-handed circularly polarized light); the ±1 order diffracted light both has a geometric phase, and the size is e^i2α, which will cause the outgoing light to deviate from the incident direction.

[0278] According to the Fraunhofer formula, when the incident light is perpendicular to the incident, the deflection angle φ of the ±1 order diffracted light can be large as long as the grating period is small enough.

[0279] The diffraction efficiency η of the grating, D m is the coefficient of the vector Fourier transform of the transmitted light field

[0280] The diffraction efficiencies of different orders are respectively: η m = 0, (m≠0,±1)

[0281] Wherein, S3 is one of Stokes vectors, used to describe circularly polarized state, left-handed circular polarization S3=-1.

[0282] In some examples, the phase a of the grating diffracted light can be expressed as: The single-slit diffraction factor can be expressed as: The width of the grating and the width of a single period will affect the amplitude and phase of the outgoing light, so the duty cycle will affect the diffraction order.

[0283] In some embodiments, as shown in FIG. 1, the number of control electrode layers 151 is two, among the two control electrode layers 151, the control electrode 151A of the control electrode layer 151 farther away from the liquid crystal layer 13 includes a third electrode 151D, and the control electrode layer 151 closer to the liquid crystal layer 13 includes two fourth electrodes 151E adjacent to the third electrode 151D. When the first liquid crystal molecule 13M deflects to the first stable state, the control voltage applied to the third electrode 151D is a first voltage, the voltages applied to the two fourth electrodes 151E are respectively a second voltage and a third voltage, and the second voltage is greater than the third voltage. The first voltage is greater than the third voltage and less than the second voltage.

[0284] It should be noted that the "third" and "fourth" in the third electrode 151D and the fourth electrode 151E are relative concepts, and are only used for description purposes to make the relative position relationship of the three control electrodes 151A arranged in the two control electrode layers 151 clearer. In actual applications, the third electrode 151D and the two fourth electrodes 151E can be any three control electrodes 151A located in adjacent control electrode layers 151 and adjacent control electrodes 151A, and according to the different positions of the described another control electrode 151A, a certain control electrode 151A can be a third electrode 151D or a fourth electrode 151E.

[0285] It can be understood that when the first liquid crystal molecules 13M deflect to the first stable state (i.e., the light modulation unit 10 is in the light modulation state), the vertical electric field between the common electrode layer 14 and the control electrode 151A plays a major role. When the first voltage is greater than the third voltage and less than the second voltage, the corresponding voltages of the third electrode 151D and the two fourth electrodes 151E adjacent to the third electrode 151D change in the first direction in turn, so that the electric field of the light modulation unit 10 is more continuous, the deflection of the first liquid crystal molecules 13M is more continuous, and the resulting phase distribution curve is more continuous and smooth, so that the light modulation effect of the light modulation unit 10 on the light can be improved.

[0286] In some embodiments, as shown in FIG. 1, the number of control electrode layers 151 is two, and the control electrode 151A of the control electrode layer 151 farther away from the liquid crystal layer 13 includes the third electrode 151D, and the control electrode layer 151 closer to the liquid crystal layer 13 includes the two fourth electrodes 151E adjacent to the third electrode 151D. When the first liquid crystal molecules 13M deflect to the first stable state, the control voltage applied to the third electrode 151D is the first voltage, and the voltages applied to the two fourth electrodes 151E are the second voltage and the third voltage respectively, and the second voltage is greater than the third voltage. The first voltage is equal to the second voltage.

[0287] It can be understood that when the first voltage is equal to the second voltage, the third electrode 151D and the fourth electrode 151E corresponding to the first voltage can input the same voltage, so that the signal input efficiency can be improved.

[0288] In some embodiments, as shown in FIG. 1, the number of control electrode layers 151 is two, and the control electrode 151A of the control electrode layer 151 farther away from the liquid crystal layer 13 includes the third electrode 151D, and the control electrode layer 151 closer to the liquid crystal layer 13 includes the two fourth electrodes 151E adjacent to the third electrode 151D. When the first liquid crystal molecules 13M deflect to the first stable state, the control voltage applied to the third electrode 151D is the first voltage, and the voltages applied to the two fourth electrodes 151E are the second voltage and the third voltage respectively, and the second voltage is greater than the third voltage. The first voltage is equal to the third voltage.

[0289] It can be understood that when the first voltage is equal to the third voltage, the third electrode 151D and the fourth electrode 151E corresponding to the third voltage can input the same voltage, so that the signal input efficiency can be improved. Moreover, when the first voltage is equal to the third voltage, the deflection angle of the first liquid crystal molecules 13M relative to the first voltage can be reduced compared to the case where the first voltage is equal to the second voltage and the first voltage is between the second voltage and the third voltage, and the power consumption of the light modulation unit 10 is lower.

[0290] In some examples, the phase distribution curves corresponding to the three cases of the first voltage are compared to verify the driving effect, as an example of the case that the light modulation unit includes two control electrode layers, as shown in FIG. 34. In addition, the phase distribution curve corresponding to the single electrode layer is also shown in the figure, as well as the reference curve. The reference curve is a curve close to and smooth with the curve corresponding to the case that the first voltage is greater than the third voltage and less than the second voltage. In the figure, there is a certain blockage, so it is not marked. Here, the description of the single electrode layer and the reference curve can be referred to the foregoing content, and will not be repeated here.

[0291] As can be seen from FIG. 34, when the first voltage is greater than the third voltage and less than the second voltage, the phase distribution curve is more continuous and smooth, and is closer to the reference curve. When the first voltage is equal to the second voltage, the corresponding phase delay is slightly lower than the reference curve, because the deflection angle of the first liquid crystal molecule 13M corresponding to the first voltage is larger. When the first voltage is equal to the third voltage, the corresponding phase delay is slightly higher than the reference curve, because the deflection angle of the first liquid crystal molecule 13M corresponding to the first voltage is smaller.

[0292] Some embodiments of the present disclosure also provide a display device 200. As shown in FIGS. 35-37, the display device 200 includes a display substrate 210 and the light modulation module 100 described in any of the above embodiments. The light modulation module 100 is connected with the display substrate 210.

[0293] Exemplarily, the light modulation module 100 and the display substrate 210 can be connected by transparent adhesive material, or by physical buckle adhesion, which is not limited here.

[0294] It should be understood that when the light modulation module 100 is connected with the display substrate 210, the light modulation module 100 can modulate the light emitted by the display substrate 210, for example, to make the light emit light shift, and / or to make the light converge or diverge. Here, the matching mode of the control electrode 151A and the pixels of the display substrate 210 is not limited. For example, one control electrode 151A can be matched with one column of pixels, or can be matched with multiple columns of pixels; that is, the control electrode 151A of the light modulation module 100 and the pixels of the display substrate 210 can be matched according to actual needs.

[0295] The display device 200 can be an OLED panel, an OLED TV, a Micro LED panel, a Micro LED TV, a Mini LED panel, a Mini LED TV, a display, a mobile phone, a navigator, or any product or component having a display function. The display device 200 can be any display device 200 displaying either motion (e.g., video) or fixation (e.g., still image) and either text or image. More specifically, it is contemplated that the display device 200 of the embodiments can be implemented in or in association with various electronic devices such as, but not limited to, a mobile phone, a wireless device, a personal data assistant (PDA), a handheld or portable computer, a GPS receiver / navigator, a camera, an MP4 video player, a camcorder, a game console, a watch, a clock, a calculator, a TV monitor, a flat panel display, a computer monitor, an automobile display (e.g., a speedometer display, etc.), a navigator, a cockpit controller and / or display, a display of a camera view (e.g., a display of a rear view camera in a vehicle), an electronic photo, an electronic billboard or sign, a projector, a building structure, a packaging and aesthetic structure (e.g., a display of an image of a piece of jewelry), and the like.

[0296] The display device 200 has the same advantages as the light modulation module 100, which will not be repeated here.

[0297] In some embodiments, as shown in FIG. 35, the display substrate 210 is any one of an OLED display substrate, an LED display substrate, a Micro LED display substrate, and a Mini LED display substrate; and the light modulation module 100 is disposed on the light exit side of the display substrate 210.

[0298] It can be understood that when the light modulation module 100 is disposed on the light exit side of the display substrate 210, the light modulation module 100 can modulate the light emitted by the display substrate 210, for example, to cause the light to emit light offset, and / or to cause the light to converge or diverge, to achieve modulation effects such as privacy, dual-view display, and the like.

[0299] In some embodiments, the display substrate is an LCD display substrate 210. The display device 200 further includes a backlight module 220. As shown in FIG. 22, the light modulation module 100 is disposed on the side of the display substrate 210 away from the backlight module 220; or as shown in FIGS. 36 and 37, the light modulation module 100 is disposed between the display substrate 210 and the backlight module 220.

[0300] It can be understood that when the light modulation module 100 is arranged between the display substrate 210 and the backlight module 220, the light modulation module 100 can modulate the light emitted by the backlight module 220, can change the light pattern of the light emitted by the backlight module 220, and when the light pattern of the light emitted by the backlight module 220 changes, the light pattern of the incident light of the LCD display substrate 210 also changes, and the modulation of the display picture of the LCD display substrate 210 can be realized. The above-mentioned light pattern change includes but is not limited to the change of the viewing angle, contrast or brightness, etc.

[0301] Exemplarily, the backlight module 220 can be a direct type backlight module.

[0302] In some examples, as shown in FIGS. 36 and 37, the light modulation module 100 is arranged between the display substrate 210 and the backlight module 220, and the backlight module 220 is a high collimation backlight module.

[0303] It should be understood that the collimation degree of the backlight light emitted by the backlight module 220 will affect the display brightness, uniformity and contrast of the display device 200, and by arranging the backlight module 220 as a high collimation backlight module, the contrast of the display picture can be improved. Moreover, in this case, if the light modulation module 100 is turned off, the display viewing angle is small, and therefore, by adjusting the light modulation module 100 to the modulation state, the angle of light emission can be increased, the viewing angle of the display picture can be increased, and the purposes of brighter and wider viewing angle can be achieved, which can be applied to wide viewing angle display and other application scenarios.

[0304] In some examples, as shown in FIG. 22, the light modulation module 100 is arranged on the side of the display substrate 210 away from the backlight module 220. At this time, the light modulation module 100 can be configured to modulate the angle of the emitted light, achieve the purpose of horizontal offset of the viewing angle, and achieve the effect of display in a specific direction, which can be applied to the application scenarios of peep-proof and viewing in a specific angle.

[0305] In some embodiments, as shown in FIGS. 25, 26 and 35, the display device 200 is a dual-view display device or a peep-proof display device.

[0306] Here, for the way of realizing dual-view display and peep-proof display, reference can be made to the foregoing content, which will not be described herein again.

[0307] Some embodiments of the present disclosure also provide a light emitting device 300. As shown in FIG. 38, the light emitting device 300 comprises a light emitting substrate 310 and the light modulation module 100 of any of the above-mentioned embodiments. The light modulation module 100 is arranged on the light emitting side of the light emitting substrate 310 and is connected with the light emitting substrate 310.

[0308] Exemplarily, the light-emitting substrate 310 comprises any one of an OLED light-emitting substrate, an LED (Light Emitting Diode) light-emitting substrate, a Micro LED light-emitting substrate, and a Mini LED light-emitting substrate.

[0309] It can be understood that when the light modulation module 100 is arranged on the light-emitting side of the light-emitting substrate 310, the light modulation module 100 can modulate the light emitted by the light-emitting substrate 310, and can change the light pattern of the light emitted by the light-emitting substrate 310. Here, the light pattern change includes but is not limited to changes in viewing angle, contrast, brightness, and the like.

[0310] The light-emitting device 300 has the same beneficial effects as the light modulation module 100 described in some of the above embodiments, and will not be described here.

[0311] The above is only a specific embodiment of the present disclosure, but the protection scope of the present disclosure is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art can think of changes or replacements within the technical scope disclosed by the present disclosure, which should be covered by the protection scope of the present disclosure. Therefore, the protection scope of the present disclosure should be subject to the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A light modulation module comprising at least one light modulation unit; The light modulation unit comprises: a first substrate and a second substrate in a cell; a liquid crystal layer between the first substrate and the second substrate; the liquid crystal layer comprises first liquid crystal molecules; a common electrode layer between the first substrate and the liquid crystal layer; and a control electrode sub-module between the second substrate and the liquid crystal layer; The control electrode sub-module comprises at least two control electrode layers and dielectric layers between adjacent two control electrode layers; Each control electrode layer comprises a plurality of control electrodes arranged in a first direction; wherein the orthogonal projection of the plurality of control electrodes comprised by any two control electrode layers on the second substrate is arranged staggered in the first direction; The orthogonal projection of the plurality of control electrodes comprised by the at least two control electrode layers on the second substrate is connected between adjacent orthogonal projections.

2. The light beam modulation module of claim 1, wherein, The plurality of control electrodes of the at least two control electrode layers comprises a first electrode and a second electrode; The orthogonal projection of the first electrode and the second electrode on the second substrate is arranged adjacent to each other; The orthogonal projection of the first electrode on the second substrate and the orthogonal projection of the second electrode on the second substrate have a first overlap part.

3. The light beam modulation module of claim 2, wherein, The size of the control electrode in the first direction is a first width, and the size of the first overlap part in the first direction is a second width; The ratio between the second width and the first width ranges from 2% to 10%.

4. The light beam modulation module according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein, The size of the control electrode in the first direction is a first width; The first gap between adjacent two control electrodes in the plurality of control electrodes of one control electrode layer has a third width in the first direction; The ratio between the first width and the third width is greater than or equal to 50% and less than or equal to 80%.

5. The light beam modulation module according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein, The light modulation unit further comprises: a light blocking layer; The light blocking layer comprises a plurality of light blocking patterns arranged in the first direction; The orthogonal projection of one light blocking pattern on the second substrate is substantially coincided with the orthogonal projection of at least one control electrode on the second substrate.

6. The light beam modulation module according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein, The surface of the first substrate close to the liquid crystal layer has a plurality of protrusions; The common electrode layer continues the shape of the plurality of protrusions; or the surface of the second substrate close to the liquid crystal layer has a plurality of protrusions; The control electrode sub-module continues the shape of the plurality of protrusions.

7. The light ray modulation module of claim 6, wherein, The surface of the protrusion close to the liquid crystal layer comprises a plurality of sub-surfaces, one of which is opposite to one or more control electrodes; A plurality of sub-surfaces are arranged in a first shape, which comprises one or more combinations of linear, triangular and parabolic shapes.

8. The light beam modulation module of claim 6, wherein, The plurality of protrusions comprises a plurality of rectangular protrusions; Adjacent two rectangular protrusions are provided with a gap.

9. The light beam modulation module according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein, The light modulation unit further comprises: a first alignment film between the common electrode layer and the liquid crystal layer; and a second alignment film between the control electrode sub-module and the liquid crystal layer. In a case where a surface of the first substrate close to the liquid crystal layer has a plurality of protrusions, the first alignment film continues shapes of the plurality of protrusions; In a case where a surface of the second substrate close to the liquid crystal layer has a plurality of protrusions, the second alignment film continues shapes of the plurality of protrusions.

10. The light beam modulation module according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein, Among the first substrate and the second substrate of the light ray modulation unit, one closer to the light exit side is a light exit substrate; The light ray modulation unit further comprises a linear polarizer arranged on a surface of the light exit substrate away from the liquid crystal layer.

11. The light beam modulation module according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein, The dielectric layer has a thickness less than or equal to 12. The light beam modulation module according to any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein, A difference between the extraordinary refractive index and the ordinary refractive index of the first liquid crystal molecules is greater than or equal to 0.

2.

13. The light beam modulation module according to any one of claims 1 to 12, wherein, The number of the light ray modulation units is multiple, and the multiple light ray modulation units are arranged in a stacking manner along a thickness direction of the liquid crystal layer. Arrangement directions of the control electrodes of two adjacent light ray modulation units are arranged in parallel or intersected.

14. The light modulating module of claim 13, wherein, The number of the light ray modulation units is two, and arrangement directions of the control electrodes of the two light ray modulation units are arranged in perpendicular.

15. A method of driving an optical line modulation module, comprising: The light ray modulation module is the light ray modulation module in any one of claims 1-14. The driving method of the light ray modulation module comprises: Inputting control voltages to the multiple control electrodes and inputting a common voltage to the common electrode layer to drive the first liquid crystal molecules to deflect from an initial state to a first stable state, so that a refractive index distribution of the light ray modulation unit is periodically arranged in the first direction as a whole or in part.

16. The method of driving a light modulation module according to claim 15, wherein, When the first liquid crystal molecules deflect to the first stable state, the light ray modulation unit is divided into a plurality of first modulation parts arranged in the first direction; the refractive index distributions of the plurality of first modulation parts are the same; and the first modulation part comprises at least two control electrodes. A portion corresponding to one control electrode in the first modulation part has a first refractive index.

17. The method of driving a light modulating module as claimed in claim 16, wherein, When the first liquid crystal molecules deflect to the first stable state, a plurality of first refractive indexes in the first modulation part gradually decrease first and then gradually increase along the first direction, and change in a broken line shape; or When the first liquid crystal molecules deflect to the first stable state, a plurality of first refractive indexes in the first modulation part gradually increase first and then gradually decrease along the first direction, and change in a broken line shape.

18. The method of driving a light modulating module as claimed in claim 16, wherein, When the first liquid crystal molecules deflect to the first stable state, a plurality of first refractive indexes in the first modulation part gradually decrease first and then gradually increase along the first direction, and change in a parabolic shape; or When the first liquid crystal molecules deflect to the first stable state, a plurality of first refractive indexes in the first modulation part gradually increase first and then gradually decrease along the first direction, and change in a parabolic shape.

19. The driving method of the light modulation module according to claim 17 or 18, wherein, In a case where a plurality of first refractive indexes in the first modulation part gradually decrease first and then gradually increase along the first direction, a control electrode corresponding to a minimum of the plurality of first refractive indexes is located at a center of the first modulation part. In the case that the first refractive indexes in the first modulation part gradually increase first and then gradually decrease along the first direction, the control electrode corresponding to the maximum first refractive index is located at the center of the first modulation part.

20. The driving method of the light modulation module according to claim 17 or 18, wherein, In the case that the first refractive indexes in the first modulation part gradually decrease first and then gradually increase along the first direction, the center of the control electrode corresponding to the minimum first refractive index deviates from the center of the first modulation part. In the case that the first refractive indexes in the first modulation part gradually increase first and then gradually decrease along the first direction, the center of the control electrode corresponding to the maximum first refractive index deviates from the center of the first modulation part.

21. The method of driving a light modulating module of claim 16, wherein, When the first liquid crystal molecules deflect to the first steady state, the first refractive indexes in the first modulation part gradually decrease along the second direction and linearly decrease. When the first liquid crystal molecules deflect to the first steady state, the first refractive indexes in the first modulation part gradually increase along the second direction and linearly increase. The second direction is a direction from the first boundary to the second boundary of the light ray modulation unit, and the first boundary and the second boundary are arranged along the first direction.

22. The method of driving a light modulating module of claim 15, wherein, When the first liquid crystal molecules deflect to the first steady state, the light ray modulation unit is divided into a plurality of second modulation parts and a plurality of third modulation parts arranged along the first direction. The refractive indexes of the second modulation parts are the same. The second modulation part includes at least two control electrodes. The part of the second modulation part corresponding to one control electrode has a second refractive index. The second refractive indexes of the second modulation part linearly decrease along the second direction. The third modulation parts have the same refractive index distribution. The third modulation part includes at least two control electrodes.

23. The driving method of the light modulation module according to claim 21 or 22, wherein, The part of the third modulation part corresponding to one control electrode has a third refractive index. When the first liquid crystal molecules are deflected to the first steady state, a deflection angle β is formed between an exit light ray corresponding to a larger selected refractive index and an exit light ray corresponding to a smaller selected refractive index among a plurality of selected refractive indexes of a selected modulation section; the deflection angle β satisfies the formula: The third refractive indexes of the third modulation part linearly increase along the second direction. The second direction is a direction from the first boundary to the second boundary of the light ray modulation unit, and the first boundary and the second boundary are arranged along the first direction. The second modulation parts are located on one side of the light ray modulation unit along the first direction and close to the first boundary, and the third modulation parts are located on the other side of the light ray modulation unit along the first direction and close to the second boundary. The second modulation parts and the third modulation parts are alternately arranged along the first direction. The selected modulation part is any one of the first modulation part, the second modulation part, and the third modulation part. n0 is the extraordinary refractive index of the first liquid crystal molecule corresponding to the selected refractive index, n1 is the ordinary refractive index of the first liquid crystal molecule, d is the thickness of the liquid crystal layer, and r1 is the width of the selected modulation part along the first direction.

24. The method of driving a light modulating module of claim 15, wherein, When the first liquid crystal molecules deflect to the first steady state, the light ray modulation unit is divided into a plurality of fourth modulation parts and a plurality of fifth modulation parts arranged alternately along the first direction; the fourth modulation part has a fourth refractive index, and the fifth modulation part has a fifth refractive index; the fourth refractive index is greater than the fifth refractive index. The difference between the phase delay of the fourth sub-modulation part and the phase delay of the fifth sub-modulation part is 2π.

25. The method of driving a light modulating module according to any one of claims 15-24, wherein, The number of the control electrode layers is two, and the control electrode of the control electrode layer far away from the liquid crystal layer includes a third electrode, and the control electrode of the control electrode layer close to the liquid crystal layer includes two fourth electrodes adjacent to the third electrode. When the first liquid crystal molecules deflect to the first steady state, the control voltage applied to the third electrode is a first voltage, the voltages applied to the two fourth electrodes are a second voltage and a third voltage respectively, and the second voltage is greater than the third voltage. The first voltage is greater than the third voltage and less than the second voltage; or, The first voltage is equal to the second voltage; or, The first voltage is equal to the third voltage.

26. A display device comprising: A display substrate and the light ray modulation module as claimed in any one of claims 1-14; The light ray modulation module is connected with the display substrate.

27. The display device of claim 26, wherein, The display substrate is any one of an OLED display substrate, an LED display substrate, a Micro LED display substrate and a Mini LED display substrate. The light ray modulation module is arranged on the light emitting side of the display substrate.

28. The display device of claim 26, wherein, The display substrate is an LCD display substrate; and the display device further comprises a backlight module. The light ray modulation module is arranged on the side of the display substrate away from the backlight module; or, The light ray modulation module is arranged between the display substrate and the backlight module.

29. A display device according to any one of claims 26 to 28, wherein, The display device is a dual-view display device or a privacy display device.

30. A light emitting device comprising: A light emitting substrate and the light ray modulation module as claimed in any one of claims 1-14; The light ray modulation module is arranged on the light emitting side of the light emitting substrate and connected with the light emitting substrate.

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