Photovoltaic module and photovoltaic system

Abstract

Embodiments of the present application provide a photovoltaic module and a photovoltaic system. The photovoltaic module has two first edges in the length direction of the photovoltaic module and two second edges in the width direction of the photovoltaic module, wherein the edge length ratio of the first edges to the second edges is greater than 1.55 and less than 2, and the edge length of the first edges is greater than 1,797 mm and less than 1,996 mm. The photovoltaic module comprises a plurality of battery cells and a plurality of bypass diodes, wherein the value of the open-circuit voltage of battery cells connected in parallel with each bypass diode is greater than 12.24 V and less than 15 V. During logistics transportation, the photovoltaic module in the embodiments of the present application can fully utilize the internal space of containers, can be more flexibly carried and mounted, and is fully paved on buildings; moreover, compared with photovoltaic modules having a larger size, the photovoltaic module of the present application has excellent mechanical load performance such as wind uplift resistance. Additionally, the risk of the hot spot effect is reduced, thereby reducing the risk of fire accidents.

Description

Photovoltaic module and photovoltaic system

[0001] This application claims priority to the Chinese patent application filed with the China Patent Office on March 1, 2024, with application number 202420405877.8 and invention name “A Photovoltaic Component and Photovoltaic System”, the entire contents of which are incorporated by reference into this application. Technical Field

[0002] The present application relates to the field of photovoltaics, and in particular to a photovoltaic module and a photovoltaic system. Background Art

[0003] As a clean, environmentally friendly green energy product, photovoltaic modules are increasingly being used in various areas of production and daily life, such as building integration and photovoltaic rooftop systems. As these application scenarios expand, the requirements for photovoltaic modules are also becoming increasingly stringent. For example, if photovoltaic modules are installed on building roofs, the diverse range of buildings and the diverse environments in which they operate place higher requirements on the module's building size adaptability, mechanical load performance, and hot spot reliability.

[0004] In addition, as the market demand for photovoltaic modules increases, the need to reduce the transportation costs of photovoltaic modules is increasing.

[0005] Therefore, the industry needs to redesign existing photovoltaic modules to have better building size adaptability, mechanical load performance, and hot spot reliability, while reducing transportation costs. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The present application provides a photovoltaic module and a photovoltaic system to solve the problem that existing photovoltaic modules are difficult to adapt to the size of buildings while meeting good mechanical load performance, high hot spot reliability and low transportation costs.

[0007] In order to solve the above problems, this application is implemented as follows:

[0008] The present application provides a photovoltaic module having two first sides arranged along the length direction of the photovoltaic module and two second sides arranged along the width direction of the photovoltaic module, wherein the ratio of the lengths of the first sides to the second sides is greater than 1.55 and less than 2;

[0009] The length of the first side is greater than 1797 mm and less than 1996 mm;

[0010] The photovoltaic module includes multiple solar cells and multiple bypass diodes.

[0011] The open circuit voltage of each battery cell connected in parallel with the bypass diode is greater than 12.24V and less than 15V.

[0012] Optionally, the ratio of the lengths of the first side to the second side is greater than 1.58 and less than 1.76; and / or,

[0013] The length of the first side is greater than or equal to 1800 mm and less than or equal to 1994 mm.

[0014] Optionally, the number of solar cells connected in parallel with each bypass diode is 36-40.

[0015] Optionally, the photovoltaic assembly includes a photovoltaic laminate and a frame installed at an edge of the photovoltaic laminate, and a thickness of a portion of the frame perpendicular to the photovoltaic assembly is greater than 1.1 mm and less than 1.6 mm.

[0016] Optionally, in the length direction, the plurality of cells are divided into two parts, the shortest distance between the edge of the first side of the photovoltaic module and the edge of the cell in the first part is d1, and the shortest distance between the edge of the same first side of the photovoltaic module and the edge of the cell in the second part is d2;

[0017] K<|d1-d2|<1, where K is the width of the interconnection strip in the photovoltaic module.

[0018] Optionally, in the longitudinal direction, the plurality of solar cells are divided into two parts, and the photovoltaic module further includes a first busbar disposed at both ends of the photovoltaic module in the longitudinal direction, and a second busbar disposed in a gap between the two parts; wherein the ratio of the width of the second busbar to the width of the first busbar is greater than 1.7 and less than 2; and / or,

[0019] A ratio of the shortest distance between the edge of the first bus ribbon and the edge of the battery cell to the shortest distance between the second bus ribbon and the edge of the battery cell is greater than 0.8 and less than 1.

[0020] Optionally, in the length direction, the plurality of solar cells are divided into two parts, the photovoltaic module further comprises a back plate, the back plate is provided with three wire outlet holes, the three wire outlet holes are distributed in the gap between the two parts, the three wire outlet holes are arranged along the width direction, wherein the shape of the wire outlet hole located in the middle position of the three wire outlet holes is different from the shape of the wire outlet holes located on both sides; and / or,

[0021] The outlet hole located in the middle of the three outlet holes has a long axis and a short axis that are perpendicular to each other, the long axis is parallel to the width direction of the photovoltaic module, and the short axis is parallel to the length direction of the photovoltaic module; and / or,

[0022] The cross-sectional shape of the outlet hole located in the middle of the three outlet holes includes a first arc, a second arc, a third arc, and a fourth arc, the first arc and the second arc are symmetrical with respect to the minor axis and are cocircular, and the third arc and the fourth arc are symmetrical with respect to the major axis and are coelliptical; and / or,

[0023] The battery sheet has a chamfered structure at a position close to the wire outlet hole.

[0024] Optionally, the ratio of the length of the major axis to the length of the minor axis is less than 1.5; and / or

[0025] The length of the major axis is greater than or equal to 12 mm and less than or equal to 18 mm; and / or the length of the minor axis is greater than or equal to 10 mm and less than or equal to 14 mm.

[0026] Optionally, the size of the first side is greater than 1797 mm and less than 1805 mm; or

[0027] The dimension of the first side is greater than 1957 mm and less than 1967 mm; or

[0028] The size of the first side is greater than 1989 mm and less than 1996 mm.

[0029] Optionally, the length of the battery cell is 96 mm ± 3 mm; or

[0030] The length of the battery cell is 105 mm ± 3 mm; or

[0031] The width of the battery cell is 182.2 mm ± 5 mm.

[0032] Optionally, the number of busbars provided on each of the solar cells is greater than 16 and less than 20; and / or,

[0033] Each of the solar cells is provided with a plurality of main grids, and the number of welding pads provided on each main grid is greater than 6 and less than 9; and / or,

[0034] The number of positive electrode fine grids provided on each of the battery cells is greater than 98 and less than 103; and / or,

[0035] The number of negative electrode fine grids provided on each battery cell is greater than 99 and less than 104; and / or,

[0036] A plurality of fine grids are provided on each of the battery cells, and the distance between two adjacent fine grids with the same polarity is greater than 0.92 mm and less than 0.96 mm.

[0037] Optionally, the plurality of battery cells form a plurality of battery strings;

[0038] Along the width direction, the string spacing between two adjacent battery strings is greater than or equal to 0.8 mm and less than or equal to 2 mm; and / or,

[0039] Along the length direction, the spacing between two adjacent battery cells in the same battery string is greater than 0.5 mm and less than 2 mm; and / or,

[0040] The string spacing between two adjacent battery strings is greater than the cell spacing between two adjacent battery cells in the same battery string.

[0041] Optionally, the multiple battery cells form a plurality of battery strings.

[0042] The length of the battery string is greater than 879.6 mm and less than 891.6 mm; or

[0043] The length of the battery string is greater than 975.6 mm and less than 989.1 mm.

[0044] Optionally, the photovoltaic assembly further includes a bus bar and an interconnection bar;

[0045] The width of the interconnection strip is greater than 0.4 mm and less than 1 mm; and / or,

[0046] The overlapping length of the interconnection bar and the bus bar is greater than 2.8 mm and less than 3.5 mm.

[0047] Optionally, the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the battery cell are both on the backlight side of the battery cell.

[0048] The present application also provides a photovoltaic system, comprising a plurality of photovoltaic components as described above arranged in an array.

[0049] Optionally, the photovoltaic module is glued to a building; or,

[0050] The photovoltaic modules are fixed to the building via connectors; or

[0051] The photovoltaic components are mounted on a building.

[0052] The photovoltaic modules designed according to the above principles in the embodiments of the present application are more suitable for full coverage of buildings and have higher power compared to photovoltaic modules with similar lengths and widths. Compared to photovoltaic modules with large differences in length and width, the photovoltaic modules of the present application have higher mechanical load capacity, making them less susceptible to damage. Furthermore, the photovoltaic modules have a utilization rate of over 90% in terms of length, which can reduce transportation costs. Furthermore, the photovoltaic modules can also balance module power and hot spot temperature, reducing the probability of fire.

[0053] The above description is only an overview of the technical solution of the present application. In order to more clearly understand the technical means of the present application, it can be implemented in accordance with the contents of the specification. In order to make the above and other purposes, features and advantages of the present application more obvious and easy to understand, the specific implementation methods of the present application are listed below. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0054] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, a brief introduction will be given below to the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present application. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without any creative work.

[0055] FIG1 is a schematic diagram showing the overall structure of a photovoltaic module according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0056] FIG2 is a simplified schematic diagram showing the connection of a bypass diode of a photovoltaic module according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0057] FIG3 is a partial enlarged schematic diagram of position I in FIG1 according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0058] FIG4 is a partial enlarged schematic diagram of position II in FIG3 of an embodiment of the present application;

[0059] FIG5 is a partial enlarged schematic diagram of position III in FIG1 of an embodiment of the present application;

[0060] FIG6 is a schematic diagram showing the back side of a photovoltaic module according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0061] FIG7 is a partial enlarged schematic diagram of position IV in FIG6 of an embodiment of the present application;

[0062] FIG8 is a partial enlarged schematic diagram of position V in FIG6 according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0063] FIG9 is a schematic diagram showing a wire outlet hole located in the middle position according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0064] FIG10 is a partially enlarged schematic diagram of position VI in FIG1 according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0065] Explanation of the accompanying reference numerals: Solar cell -10, bypass diode -20, first bus bar -30, second bus bar -40, back plate -50, first edge -101, second edge -102, outlet hole -501, first arc line -501a, second arc line -501b, second arc line -501b, third arc line -501c, fourth arc line -501d. Specific embodiments

[0066] To make the purpose, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of this application more clear, the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of this application. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of this application, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in this application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0067] It should be understood that references throughout this specification to "one embodiment" or "an embodiment" mean that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic associated with the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment of the present application. Therefore, the appearances of "in one embodiment" or "in an embodiment" throughout this specification do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment. Furthermore, these particular features, structures, or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments.

[0068] 1 , an embodiment of the present application provides a photovoltaic module, including:

[0069] It has two first sides 101 arranged along the length direction X of the photovoltaic module, and two second sides 102 arranged along the width direction Y of the photovoltaic module, and the side length ratio of the first sides 101 to the second sides 102 is greater than 1.55 and less than 2;

[0070] The length of the first side 101 is greater than 1797 mm and less than 1996 mm;

[0071] The photovoltaic module includes a plurality of solar cells 10 and a plurality of bypass diodes 20 . The open circuit voltage of the solar cells 10 connected in parallel with each bypass diode 20 is greater than 12.24V and less than 15V.

[0072] As shown in FIG1 , the photovoltaic module of the embodiment of the present application can be a rectangular module, wherein the two sides of the module parallel to the length direction X are first sides 101, and the two sides parallel to the width direction Y are second sides 102. The length of the first side 101 is a1, and the length of the second side 102 is b1, and 1.55 ≤ a1 / b1 ≤ 2. For example, a1 / b1 = 1.55, 1.59, 1.60, 1.61, 1.62, 1.65, 1.75, 1.76, 1.80, 1.91, or 2, etc.

[0073] Specifically, when a1 / b1 is small (e.g., less than 1.55), the shape of the PV modules is closer to a square. In this case, if the PV modules are installed on a building with restricted area, due to the small difference in length and width, even if the PV modules are mounted in the same direction (i.e., adjusting the length and width), the overall installation effect will not be significantly improved, and it will still be difficult to achieve full coverage of the building. Conversely, if there is a certain difference in length and width, the PV modules can be mounted in the same direction to achieve full coverage of the building.

[0074] Furthermore, the width of a photovoltaic module is typically limited by installation and transportation requirements, so it cannot be too wide. In this case, if you want to increase the area of ​​the photovoltaic module (increasing the area to accommodate more cells), you need to increase the length of the photovoltaic module. Therefore, if a1 / b1 is small, the overall area of ​​the photovoltaic module is small, which is not conducive to increasing the photovoltaic module power and thus not conducive to power supply requirements.

[0075] When a1 / b1 is large (for example, greater than 2), the shape of the photovoltaic module is closer to a long and flat strip. The long and flat photovoltaic module has low mechanical strength and is more susceptible to damage.

[0076] The range of the aspect ratio of the photovoltaic modules of the present application satisfies: 1.55≤a1 / b1≤2. On the one hand, it is conducive to achieving full coverage of photovoltaic modules on the building, on the other hand, it is also conducive to ensuring higher module power, and on the other hand, it can also enable the photovoltaic modules to have higher mechanical strength (mechanical load performance), making the photovoltaic modules not easily damaged.

[0077] The length of the first side 101 of the photovoltaic module of the present application is greater than 1797 mm and less than 1996 mm. For example, the length a1 of the first side 101 is 1797 mm, 1798 mm, 1799 mm, 1800 mm, 1994 mm, or 1996 mm.

[0078] Specifically, photovoltaic modules are transported in containers. Currently, the length of a container is 12,000 mm, requiring 20 mm of packaging space. This means the effective length of the container is 11,980 mm. When packing, multiple photovoltaic modules are placed on a pallet, with the first side 101 of the modules parallel to the long side of the pallet. The modules are then stacked upright, side by side, and packaged into pallets. The pallets are then measured and placed into the container.

[0079] In the embodiment of the present application, the space utilization rates shown in the following table were calculated by measuring and verifying the photovoltaic modules of various lengths corresponding to 1797 mm ≤ a1 ≤ 1996 mm:

[0080] According to the calculation results in the above table, it can be seen that when photovoltaic modules within the length range provided in the embodiments of the present application are used, the length utilization rate of the container is as high as over 90% when packed, which helps to reduce transportation costs.

[0081] It should also be noted that when the photovoltaic modules are packed and boxed in the above manner, the number of pallets stacked along the height direction of the container determines the width of the photovoltaic modules (i.e., the side length b1 of the second side 102). The height of the container used is 2570mm. In the height direction of the container, according to the current calculation of stacking two pallets, the width b1 of the photovoltaic modules can be obtained as follows: b1 = [(2570mm-100mm)-2*100mm] / 2 = 1135mm, wherein 100mm of loading and unloading operation space is reserved along the height direction of the container. In addition, the height of the two pallets each occupies 100mm of space. Based on the above theoretical design dimension of b1 = 1135mm, b1 can be determined to a value not exceeding 1135mm to ensure that two pallets of photovoltaic modules can be stacked. Further optionally, b1 = 1134mm.

[0082] It should be noted that the above b1 not exceeding 1135mm is based only on the current container loading situation. Subsequent adjustments to the container's height for loading and unloading operations or pallet height may cause the range or value of b1 to change. Therefore, this application primarily considers the length direction of the photovoltaic modules in determining container utilization, not the width direction.

[0083] The photovoltaic module's aspect ratio satisfies the following range: 1.55 ≤ a1 / b1 ≤ 2. Furthermore, the side length a1 of the first side 101 of the photovoltaic module is designed to be 1797 mm ≤ a1 ≤ 1996 mm. This allows the photovoltaic module to achieve a space utilization rate of at least 90% when packed. Furthermore, with a fixed width, this photovoltaic module offers greater flexibility in handling and installation than longer modules, and possesses higher mechanical load capacity.

[0084] The photovoltaic module includes a plurality of solar cells 10 and a plurality of bypass diodes 20 . The open circuit voltage of the solar cells 10 connected in parallel with each bypass diode 20 is greater than 12.24V and less than 15V.

[0085] Optionally, in various embodiments of the present application, the battery cell 10 may be a complete rectangular battery cell with four chamfered corners that is cut into half-cell cells.

[0086] During the use of photovoltaic modules, if a portion of the module is obscured, the obscured portion of the module will heat up, causing a hot spot effect. Bypass diodes are commonly used to prevent damage to the photovoltaic module caused by hot spots. Specifically, the photovoltaic module is equipped with multiple bypass diodes, each connected in parallel to multiple solar cells. When some of the multiple cells are obscured, the voltage across the parallel bypass diodes rises rapidly, causing forward conduction, allowing current to flow through the bypass diodes, thereby protecting the solar cell module.

[0087] When the open-circuit voltage U of the cell connected in parallel with each bypass diode 20 is low (e.g., below 12.24V), the power corresponding to the cell 10 connected in parallel with the bypass diode 20 is also low, provided the circuit current remains constant. If the number of bypass diodes 20 in a photovoltaic module is fixed, the lower the power corresponding to the cell 10 connected in parallel with the bypass diode 20, the lower the power of the entire module, making it difficult to meet power supply requirements.

[0088] On the contrary, when the open circuit voltage U of the solar cells connected in parallel with each bypass diode 20 is high (for example, greater than 15V), the corresponding hot spot temperature is high, and fire is likely to occur.

[0089] Based on the above, the open-circuit voltage U of the solar cell 10 connected in parallel with a single bypass diode 20 in this application satisfies the following: 12.24V≤U≤15V. For example, the open-circuit voltage U can be designed to be 12.24V, 12.33V, 12.42V, 12.58V, 12.92V, 13.26V, 13.7V, 13.8V, 14.25V, 14.625V, or 15V. In this case, the photovoltaic module can be guaranteed to have a high power while reducing the hot spot temperature of the photovoltaic module and the incidence of fire.

[0090] It can be seen that the photovoltaic modules designed according to the above principles in the embodiment of the present application are more conducive to achieving full coverage of the building and having higher power compared to photovoltaic modules with similar length and width. Compared with photovoltaic modules with large differences in length and width, the photovoltaic modules of the present application have higher mechanical load capacity, making the photovoltaic modules less susceptible to damage. Furthermore, the photovoltaic modules have a utilization rate of more than 90% in terms of length, which can reduce transportation costs. Furthermore, the photovoltaic modules can also take into account both module power and hot spot temperature, reducing the probability of fire.

[0091] Optionally, the photovoltaic module of the embodiment of the present application is more suitable for installation and fixation on the roof of a detached house with a single family. After the photovoltaic module improved by the embodiment of the present application is installed on such a building, its overall service life can be extended due to its excellent mechanical load performance and low hot spot risk, and the maintenance frequency can be reduced, and it can even be maintenance-free during its life cycle, which can reduce the use cost of the owners of the independent house and is more conducive to its promotion and use.

[0092] Optionally, a side length ratio of the first side 101 to the second side 102 is greater than 1.58 and less than 1.76.

[0093] Specifically, the minimum a1 / b1 value increased from 1.55 to 1.58, resulting in a greater difference in aspect ratios, meaning the PV module shape deviates further from a square. Meanwhile, the maximum a1 / b1 value decreased from 2 to 1.76, meaning the PV module shape deviates further from a long strip. Therefore, PV modules with this aspect ratio are more easily installed on buildings and exhibit better mechanical load resistance.

[0094] Illustratively, a1 / b1 may be 1.58, 1.59, 1.60, 1.62, 1.64, 1.65, 1.66, 1.68, 1.69, 1.70, 1.71, 1.73, 1.75, or 1.76. When the side length a1 of the first side 101 is 1797 mm and the side length b1 of the second side 102 is 1134 mm, a1 / b1 is 1.58; when the side length a1 of the first side 101 is 1798 mm and the side length b1 of the second side 102 is 1134 mm, a1 / b1 is 1.59; when the side length a1 of the first side 101 is 1799 mm and the side length b1 of the second side 102 is 1134 mm, a1 / b1 is 1.59; when the side length a1 of the first side 101 is 1800 mm and the side length b1 of the second side 102 is 1134 mm, a1 / b1 is 1.59; when the side length a1 of the first side 101 is 1994 mm and the side length b1 of the second side 102 is 1134 mm, a1 / b1 is 1.76.

[0095] Optionally, the side length of the first side 101 is greater than 1800 mm and less than 1994 mm.

[0096] Specifically, given a fixed width for the second side 102 of the photovoltaic module, a shorter length and a closer aspect ratio make it less likely to achieve full paving. Furthermore, a shorter length means a smaller photovoltaic module area, fewer cells that can be installed, and lower photovoltaic module power. A longer photovoltaic module has lower mechanical load performance. Based on this, the dimensions of the first side 101 are limited to 1800mm≤a1≤1994mm, further balancing the building compatibility, power output, and mechanical load performance of the photovoltaic module.

[0097] Optionally, the number of solar cells 10 connected in parallel to each bypass diode 20 is 33-44.

[0098] Specifically, under normal circumstances, the open circuit voltage of each complete battery cell 10 is in the range of 680 mV to 750 mV, for example, 680 mV, 690 mV, 700 mV, 710 mV, 720 mV, 730 mV, 740 mV, and 750 mV.

[0099] When the open-circuit voltage range of each complete battery cell 10 is 680mV, based on the open-circuit voltage U=12.24V or 15V of the battery cells 10 connected in parallel with each bypass diode 20, it can be calculated that the number of half-cell shaped battery cells 10 connected in parallel with each bypass diode 20 is 12.24V / (680mV÷2)=36, or 15V / (680mV÷2)=44.

[0100] When the open-circuit voltage range of each complete battery cell 10 is 750mV, based on the open-circuit voltage U=12.24V or 15V of the battery cells 10 connected in parallel with each bypass diode 20, it can be calculated that the number of half-cell shaped battery cells 10 connected in parallel with each bypass diode 20 is 12.24V / (750mV÷2)=33, or 15V / (750mV÷2)=40.

[0101] Therefore, the number of cells 10 connected in parallel to each bypass diode 20 can be at least 33 and at most 44, for example, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, and 44.

[0102] Further optionally, the number of solar cells 10 connected in parallel with each bypass diode 20 is greater than 36 and less than 40.

[0103] Specifically, assuming that the number of diodes in a photovoltaic module is fixed (the cost of the diode is fixed) and the open-circuit voltage of the cell is fixed, the fewer cells a single bypass diode is connected in parallel, the lower the power of the corresponding photovoltaic module, which is difficult to meet the power demand. The more cells a single bypass diode is connected in parallel, the higher the corresponding hot spot temperature, which is prone to fire.

[0104] Based on this, the present application controls the number of battery cells 10 connected in parallel with the bypass diode 20 to be greater than 36 and less than 40, which can take into account both the component power and the hot spot temperature.

[0105] For example, when the length a1 of the first side 101 of the photovoltaic module is 1800 mm and the length b1 of the second side 102 is 1134 mm, the number of half-cell cells 10 connected in parallel with each bypass diode 20 can be 36, that is, 18 full-cell cells 10 in parallel. In this photovoltaic module, three bypass diodes 20 can be used, and a total of 108 half-cell cells 10 connected in parallel are equivalent to 54 full-cell cells. This module can be defined as a 54-panel module.

[0106] When the length a1 of the first side 101 of the photovoltaic module is 1994 mm and the length b1 of the second side 102 is 1134 mm, each bypass diode 20 can be connected in parallel with 40 half-cell cells, that is, in parallel with 20 full-cell cells 10. In this photovoltaic module, three bypass diodes 20 can be used, and a total of 120 half-cell cells 10 can be connected in parallel, equivalent to 60 full-cell cells. This module can be defined as a 60-panel module.

[0107] Optionally, the photovoltaic assembly includes a photovoltaic laminate and a frame installed at an edge of the photovoltaic laminate, and a thickness of a portion of the frame perpendicular to the photovoltaic assembly is greater than 1.1 mm and less than 1.6 mm.

[0108] Specifically, in the photovoltaic module of the embodiment of the present application, in order to ensure the rigidity of the entire module, the frame surrounding the photovoltaic laminate is also designed, and the side wall thickness of the frame is improved. The side wall thickness of the frame is the thickness of the portion perpendicular to the photovoltaic module in the frame. When the thickness of this portion is small (e.g., less than 1.1 mm), it is easy to be difficult to support and protect the internal laminate due to its thinness. When the thickness of this portion is large (e.g., more than 1.6 mm), it is easy to cause excessive use of materials and increase the weight of the module. Therefore, the thickness of the side wall of the frame is designed to be 1.1 mm, 1.2 mm, 1.3 mm, 1.4 mm, 1.5 mm or 1.6 mm, which can take into account both the good mechanical rigidity and lightness of the module. In some embodiments, the side wall thickness of the frame can also enable the front of the photovoltaic module to withstand a mechanical load of 5400 Pa, and the back of the photovoltaic module to withstand a mechanical load of 2400 Pa.

[0109] Optionally, referring to Figures 3 and 4, in the length direction X, the multiple cells 10 are divided into two parts, the shortest distance between the edge of the first side 101 of the photovoltaic module and the edge of the cell 10 in the first part is d1, and the shortest distance between the edge of the same first side 101 of the photovoltaic module and the edge of the cell 10 in the second part is d2;

[0110] K<|d1-d2|<1 mm, where K is the width of the interconnection strip in the photovoltaic module.

[0111] Specifically, in the photovoltaic module of the embodiment of the present application, the plurality of solar cells 10 can be divided into two parts from the middle of the module along the longitudinal direction X of the module. One part is a first part, which can be defined as a first battery group, and the other part is a second part, which can be defined as a second battery group. The number of solar cells 10 included in the first part and the second part can be equal.

[0112] As shown in Figures 3 and 4 , the upper half of the module is the first section 10a, and the lower half is the second section 10b. The shortest distance between the edge of first side 101 on the right side of the photovoltaic module and the edge of the solar cell 10 in first section 10a is d1. Similarly, on the right side, the shortest distance between the edge of first side 101 and the edge of the solar cell 10 in second section 10b is d2. d1 is the creepage distance on the right side of first section 10a, and d2 is the creepage distance on the right side of second section 10b.

[0113] To ensure the module's insulation performance, d1 and d2 are unequal, and the absolute value of their difference is greater than the width K of the interconnecting bars used to solder the individual cells 10 together to form a string. As shown in Figure 4 , the requirement of K < |d1-d2| allows for a certain misalignment between the interconnecting bars extending from the first portion 10a and the second portion 10b, helping to prevent overlap. Overlapping interconnecting bars, which thicken this area, can easily lead to hidden cracks in the glass during lamination.

[0114] Furthermore, if the interconnecting bars overlap, the two interconnecting bars and the middle bus bar need to be welded together, which results in poor welding stability and is not conducive to efficient current transmission.

[0115] A value of |d1-d2| < 1mm prevents the cell 10 from forming a wide white border around the module edge, thus preventing wasted module area. When the interconnect width K is 0.5mm, 0.5mm < |d1-d2| < 1mm, and |d1-d2| can be 0.6mm, 0.65mm, 0.7mm, 0.75mm, 0.8mm, 0.85mm, or 0.9mm. In one example, d1 = 13.8mm and d2 = 13mm. In this case, d1-d2 = 0.8mm satisfies the above condition.

[0116] Optionally, referring to FIG1 , FIG4 and FIG5 , in the longitudinal direction X, the plurality of cells 10 are divided into two parts, and the photovoltaic module further includes a first busbar 30 respectively provided at both ends of the photovoltaic module in the longitudinal direction, and a second busbar 40 provided in the gap between the two parts;

[0117] The ratio of the width of the second bus strip 40 to the width of the first bus strip 30 is greater than 1.7 and less than 2.

[0118] Specifically, with reference to the schematic diagrams of Figures 1, 4, and 5, in the photovoltaic module of the embodiment of the present application, when the module is divided into a first portion 10a and a second portion 10b, a first busbar 30 is provided between the upper first portion 10a and the upper second side 102, and another first busbar 30 is provided between the lower second portion 10b and the lower second side 102. Both first busbars 30 are parallel to the width direction Y of the module. The first busbars 30 are also referred to as end busbars, and collect current from the first and second battery groups at the upper and lower ends of the module, respectively. A second busbar 40 is provided in the gap between the first and second portions 10a, 10b, along the width direction Y of the module. The second busbar 40 is also referred to as a middle busbar, and collects current from the first battery group in the upper half and the second battery group in the lower half in the middle of the module.

[0119] In the embodiment of the present application, optionally, the width of the first busbar 30 is W1, and the width of the second busbar 40 is W2. 1.7≤W2 / W1≤2, W2 / W1 can be 1.7, 1.8, 1.83, 1.85, 1.9, 1.93, 1.95, or 2.0. Optionally, the width of W2 can be 6 mm, the width of W1 can be 3.5 mm, and W2 / W1=1.71.

[0120] The width of the busbar affects the busbar efficiency. Generally, the wider the busbar is, the better the busbar efficiency is, but it is not conducive to cost savings.

[0121] When W2 / W1 is small (e.g., less than 1.7), the second busbar 40 is narrow, which is not conducive to the second busbar 40 collecting part of the current of the first battery group and part of the current of the second battery group. This is because the first busbar 30 only needs to collect part of the current of the first battery group or part of the current of the second battery group, but the second busbar 40 needs to collect part of the current of both the first battery group and the second battery group. If the second busbar 40 is narrow, it is not conducive to collecting the current of the two battery groups.

[0122] When W2 / W1 is large (for example, greater than 2), it means that the second busbar 40 is wider. Although this can improve the busbar efficiency, it is not conducive to cost saving.

[0123] Based on this, 1.7≤W2 / W1≤2 can take into account both convergence efficiency and cost savings.

[0124] Optionally, referring to Figures 1, 4, and 5, the ratio of the shortest distance between the edge of the first bus ribbon 30 and the edge of the battery cell 10 to the shortest distance between the edge of the second bus ribbon 40 and the edge of the battery cell 10 is greater than 0.8 and less than 1. Optionally, the shortest distance between the edge of the first bus ribbon 30 and the edge of the battery cell 10 may be 2.8, 2.9, or 3.0. The shortest distance between the edge of the second bus ribbon 40 and the edge of the battery cell 10 may be 3.4, 3.5, or 3.6.

[0125] Specifically, referring to Figures 1, 4, and 5, the shortest distance between the edge of the first busbar 30 and the edge of the corresponding portion of the cell 10 is d3, which represents the distance from the leading cell of the module to the first busbar 30 at the leading end of the module (referred to as the "leading busbar distance"), or the distance from the trailing cell to the first busbar 30 at the trailing end of the module (referred to as the "trailing busbar distance"). The shortest distance between the second busbar 40 and the edge of the cell 10 is d4, which represents the distance from the middle cell to the second busbar 40 (referred to as the "mid-trailing busbar distance").

[0126] As for the distance from the cell to the busbar (referred to as "wire connection distance"), the smaller the wire connection distance, the more likely it is to cause welding problems. Taking the head wire connection as an example, if the head wire connection distance is too short, when welding the first busbar, the first busbar may be welded to the adjacent cell due to machine precision problems. For another example, if the head wire connection distance is too short, when welding the interconnection bar to the head busbar, the soldering iron tip may touch the cell. Therefore, the wire connection distance cannot be too small. However, the wire connection distance cannot be too large. If the wire connection distance is too large, it will result in more white space, resulting in a waste of photovoltaic module space.

[0127] Therefore, when designing the wire transfer distance, the range of the wire transfer distance should be set reasonably.

[0128] If d3 / d4 is small (e.g., less than 0.8), the distance between the header and the wire is narrow, which is not conducive to reliable welding. If d3 / d4 is large (e.g., greater than 1), the distance between the header and the wire is large, leaving more blank space, resulting in wasted space in the photovoltaic module.

[0129] Based on this, 0.8≤d3 / d4≤1 can take into account both welding reliability and component space utilization.

[0130] For example, d3 / d4 can be 0.8, 0.85, 0.88, 0.9, 0.95, 0.98, or 1.0.

[0131] Optionally, referring to Figures 6 to 8, in the length direction X, the multiple solar cells 10 are divided into two parts, and the photovoltaic module further includes a backsheet 50, and the backsheet 50 is provided with three wire holes 501, the three wire holes 501 are distributed in the gap between the two parts, and the three wire holes 501 are arranged along the width direction Y;

[0132] Among the three wire outlet holes 501 , the shape of the wire outlet hole 501 located in the middle is different from the shape of the wire outlet holes 501 located on both sides.

[0133] Specifically, as shown in Figures 6 to 8, the photovoltaic module can also include a back panel 50 arranged on the back of the laminate, and the back panel 50 is provided with wire outlet holes 501 for the lead terminals to pass through. The three wire outlet holes 501 are all distributed in the gap area formed by the first part 10a and the second part 10b, and the three wire outlet holes 501 are arranged at intervals along the width direction Y of the module.

[0134] For these outlet holes 501, the shape of the outlet hole 501 in the middle position can be different from the shape of the outlet holes 501 on both sides. For example, the outlet hole 501 in the middle position can be elliptical, quasi-elliptical, or racetrack-shaped or other irregular shapes, and the outlet holes 501 on both sides can be perfect circles.

[0135] Specifically, for photovoltaic modules, the mechanical loads in the center and near the edges differ, and different cable hole shapes correspond to different mechanical loads. Therefore, the shapes of the cable holes in the center and those on the sides can be different to match the module load distribution, which helps improve module stability and prevent hidden cracks.

[0136] Furthermore, for photovoltaic modules, the center deformation is the largest, meaning the mechanical load weakness is in the center. Because the module is rectangular, the stress distribution in an elliptical hole is more uniform than in a circular hole, meaning the elliptical hole has better mechanical load performance.

[0137] Based on this, the wire outlet hole in the middle is elliptical or quasi-elliptical, and the wire outlet holes on both sides are circular, which is beneficial to improve the stability of the component and prevent hidden cracks.

[0138] 8 and 9 , the middle outlet hole 501 among the three outlet holes 501 has a long axis and a short axis perpendicular to each other, the long axis is parallel to the width direction Y of the photovoltaic module, and the short axis is parallel to the length direction X of the photovoltaic module.

[0139] Specifically, the long axis of the middle wire outlet hole is parallel to the width of the photovoltaic module, which can make the stress distribution of the middle wire outlet hole more uniform, better mechanical load, improve the stability of the module and prevent hidden cracks.

[0140] Optionally, referring to Figure 9, the cross-sectional shape of the wire outlet hole 501 located in the middle position among the three wire outlet holes 501 includes a first arc line 501a, a second arc line 501b, a third arc line 501c and a fourth arc line 501d, the first arc line 501a and the second arc line 501b are symmetrical with respect to the short axis and are cocircular, and the third arc line 501c and the fourth arc line 501d are symmetrical with respect to the long axis and are coelliptical.

[0141] Alternatively, in another example, as shown in FIG9 , the cross-sectional shape of the middle outlet hole 501 can be a closed figure formed by connecting multiple arc segments, specifically including a first arc 501a, a second arc 501b, a third arc 501c, and a fourth arc 501d. The first arc 501a and the second arc 501b are symmetrical about the minor axis and are cocircular, while the third arc 501c and the fourth arc 501d are symmetrical about the major axis and are coelliptical. The discontinuities between the first arc 501a, the second arc 501b, the third arc 501c, and the fourth arc 501d are smoothly connected by four arc segments.

[0142] Specifically, the central cable outlet hole includes multiple arcs. This type of opening has smooth rounded features, which helps improve the stability of the photovoltaic module and prevent hidden cracks. Conversely, if the opening is not a smooth curve, such as a square opening, stress points will appear at the corners, which is prone to hidden cracks.

[0143] In addition, in another example, a chamfered structure may be processed at a position of the battery cell 10 close to the wire outlet hole 501 to avoid hidden cracks in the battery cell 10 .

[0144] 9 , the ratio of the length L1 of the major axis to the length L2 of the minor axis is less than 1.5. Specifically, in one embodiment, L1 / L2 ≤ 1.5, for example, L1 / L2 may be 1.5, 1.4, 1.3, 1.2, 1.1, or 1.0.

[0145] Specifically, theoretically, the smaller the hole, the better the corresponding mechanical load performance and the less likely it is to cause hidden cracks. L2 should ensure that the lead terminal can pass through smoothly. L1 needs to be larger than L2 but not too large to prevent hidden cracks.

[0146] Therefore, the cable outlet holes of the photovoltaic module of the present application are beneficial to the stability of the photovoltaic module and reduce the probability of hidden cracks.

[0147] Optionally, the length L1 of the major axis is greater than 12 mm and less than 18 mm.

[0148] In one embodiment, 12 mm ≤ L1 ≤ 18 mm, for example, L1 can be 12 mm, 13 mm, 14 mm, 15 mm, 16 mm, 17 mm, or 18 mm.

[0149] Specifically, when L1 is too small, it is difficult for the lead terminal to pass through, and when L1 is too large, the mechanical load performance of the hole becomes low.

[0150] Based on the above, the long axis value range of the present application can take into account both the smooth passage of the lead terminal and the mechanical load performance of the hole.

[0151] Optionally, the length L2 of the short axis is greater than 10 mm and less than 14 mm.

[0152] In one embodiment, 10 mm ≤ L2 ≤ 14 mm, for example, L2 can be 10 mm, 10.5 mm, 11 mm, 11.5 mm, 12 mm, 12.5 mm, 13 mm, 13.5 mm, or 14 mm.

[0153] Specifically, when L2 is too small, it is difficult for the lead terminal to pass through, and when L2 is too large, the mechanical load performance of the hole becomes low.

[0154] Based on the above, the long axis value range of the present application can take into account both the smooth passage of the lead terminal and the mechanical load performance of the hole.

[0155] Optionally, based on the above embodiment, in one implementation manner, the size of the first side 101 is greater than 1797 mm and less than 1805 mm, for example, a1 = 1797 mm, 1798 mm, 1799 mm, 1800 mm, 1801 mm, 1802 mm, or 1805 mm.

[0156] Based on the above description, a1 is between 1797mm and 1805mm, which can make the length utilization rate of the container above 90%. Compared with longer photovoltaic modules, this photovoltaic module has higher mechanical load performance and is more flexible in handling and installation.

[0157] Optionally, based on the above embodiment, in one implementation, the size of the first side 101 is greater than 1957 mm and less than 1967 mm. For example, a1 = 1957 mm, 1958 mm, 1959 mm, 1960 mm, 1961 mm, 1962 mm, 1963 mm, 1964 mm, 1965 mm, or 1967 mm.

[0158] Based on the above description, a1 is between 1957mm and 1967mm, which can make the length utilization rate of the container above 98%, and the component length is moderate, which makes transportation and installation more flexible.

[0159] Optionally, based on the above embodiment, in one implementation, the size of the first side 101 is greater than 1989 mm and less than 1996 mm. For example, a1 = 1989 mm, 1990 mm, 1992 mm, 1993 mm, 1994 mm, 1995 mm, or 1996 mm.

[0160] Based on the above description, a1 is between 1989mm and 1996mm, which can make the length utilization rate of the container above 99%, and the component length is moderate, making transportation and installation more flexible.

[0161] The different ranges of a1 mentioned above can constitute different size series, which can meet the mechanical load performance requirements while also being able to match different installation and use environments.

[0162] Alternatively, based on the above embodiment, in one implementation, the length of the battery cell 10 is 96±3 mm. The length of the battery cell 10 may be 93 mm, 94 mm, 95 mm, 96 mm, 97 mm, 98 mm, or 99 mm. For example, when a half-cell battery cell is obtained by cutting a full-cell battery cell with a length of 192 mm, the length of the battery cell 10 may be 96 mm.

[0163] Specifically, a cell that is too long is not conducive to manufacturing, while a cell that is too short results in low cell power. Therefore, the cell design of this application can balance reducing manufacturing difficulty and ensuring module power, and facilitates flexible arrangement of cells in photovoltaic modules to achieve target power and voltage.

[0164] Alternatively, based on the above embodiment, in one implementation, the length of the battery cell 10 is 105±3 mm. The length of the battery cell 10 may be 102 mm, 103 mm, 104 mm, 105 mm, 106 mm, 107 mm, or 108 mm. For example, when a 210 mm long full-sheet battery cell is cut to obtain a half-sheet battery cell, the length of the battery cell 10 may be 105 mm.

[0165] Specifically, the battery cell size of the present application is relatively large, which significantly increases the power of the component.

[0166] Alternatively, based on the above embodiment, in one implementation, the width of the battery cell 10 is 182.2±5 mm. The width of the battery cell 10 may be 177.2 mm, 178.2 mm, 179.2 mm, 180.2 mm, 182.2 mm, 185.2 mm, or 187.2 mm. For example, when a full battery cell with a width of 182.2 mm is cut to obtain a half battery cell, the width of the battery cell 10 remains unchanged at 182.2 mm.

[0167] Therefore, the above-mentioned solar cells 10 of different specifications and sizes can provide more options for the manufacturing process of the photovoltaic module of the embodiment of the present application, and a rich variety of products can be prepared.

[0168] Optionally, based on the above embodiment, in one implementation, the number of busbars provided on each cell 10 is greater than 16 and less than 20. The number of busbars may be 16, 17, 18, 19, or 20.

[0169] Specifically, a greater number of busbars results in better current collection performance, but this will lead to increased costs.

[0170] Based on the above, the number of busbars in the embodiment of the present application can take into account both current collection performance and cost reduction. For example, the number of busbars can be 18.

[0171] Optionally, based on the above embodiment, in one implementation, multiple busbars are provided on each cell 10, and the number of pads provided on each busbar is greater than 6 and less than 9. The number of pads on the busbar can be 6, 7, 8, or 9.

[0172] Specifically, more pads on a single busbar make welding more reliable but lead to increased costs.

[0173] Based on the above, the number of pads on the main grid of the present application can take into account both welding reliability and cost reduction.

[0174] Optionally, based on the above embodiment, in one implementation, the number of positive electrode fine grids provided on each battery cell 10 is greater than 98 and less than 103. For example, the number of positive electrode fine grids may be 98, 99, 100, 101, 102, or 103.

[0175] Optionally, based on the above embodiment, in one implementation, the number of negative electrode fine grids provided on each battery cell 10 is greater than 99 and less than 104. For example, the number of negative electrode fine grids may be 99, 100, 101, 102, 103, or 104.

[0176] Specifically, more fine grids improve current collection performance but also increase costs. Furthermore, given a fixed cell area, more fine grids mean closer distances between opposite-sex fine grids, increasing the risk of short circuits.

[0177] Based on the above, the number of fine grids in the present application can take into account the current collection performance, the safe distance between the heterogeneous fine grids, and the cost reduction.

[0178] Optionally, based on the above embodiment, in one implementation, a plurality of fine grids are provided on each cell 10, and the distance between two adjacent fine grids of the same polarity is not less than 0.92 mm and not more than 0.96 mm. For example, the distance may be 0.92 mm, 0.93 mm, 0.94 mm, 0.95 mm, or 0.96 mm.

[0179] Specifically, for back-contact cells, because a grid of opposite polarity is sandwiched between two grids of the same polarity, the smaller the distance between two adjacent grids of the same polarity, the closer they are to the grid of opposite polarity, making contact and short circuit more likely. A larger distance between two adjacent grids of the same polarity makes it less conducive to fully utilizing the module space.

[0180] Based on the above, the embodiments of the present application can take into account both circuit stability and component space utilization.

[0181] Optionally, referring to FIG5 and FIG10 , the plurality of battery cells 10 form a plurality of battery strings;

[0182] A string spacing δ1 between two adjacent battery strings along the width direction Y is greater than or equal to 0.8 mm and less than or equal to 2 mm. The string spacing δ1 may be 0.8 mm, 0.9 mm, 1.0 mm, 1.1 mm, 1.2 mm, 1.3 mm, 1.4 mm, 1.5 mm, 1.6 mm, 1.7 mm, 1.8 mm, 1.9 mm, or 2.0 mm.

[0183] When the string spacing δ1 is large, it is easy to cause a waste of component area, while when the string spacing δ1 is small, it is easy to cause the battery strings on the component to be connected in parallel, which is prone to circuit failure.

[0184] Based on this, the string spacing of this application is 0.8mm≤δ1≤2mm, which can not only reduce the risk of battery string and parallel connection, but also make full use of the component space.

[0185] Optionally, referring to Figures 5 and 10 , along the length direction X, a cell spacing δ2 between two adjacent cells in the same cell string is greater than or equal to 0.5 mm and less than or equal to 2 mm. The cell spacing δ2 may be 0.5 mm, 0.6 mm, 0.7 mm, 0.8 mm, 0.9 mm, 1.0 mm, 1.1 mm, 1.2 mm, 1.3 mm, 1.4 mm, 1.5 mm, 1.6 mm, 1.7 mm, 1.8 mm, 1.9 mm, or 2.0 mm.

[0186] When the cell spacing δ2 is large, it is easy to cause waste of component area, while when the cell spacing δ2 is small, it is easy to cause parallel cells inside the battery string on the component, which is prone to circuit failure.

[0187] Based on this, the cell spacing in this application is 0.5mm≤δ2≤2mm, which can not only reduce the risk of cell paralleling, but also make full use of the component space.

[0188] Optionally, referring to FIG. 5 and FIG. 10 , a string spacing δ1 between two adjacent battery strings is greater than a cell spacing δ2 between two adjacent battery cells 10 in the same battery string.

[0189] Specifically, compared with battery cells, battery strings are longer and will bend to a certain extent after being welded with welding ribbons, which increases the risk of parallel connection. Therefore, a reasonable design is that the string spacing between battery strings should be larger than the cell spacing between battery cells.

[0190] Based on the above, the string spacing δ1 of the battery string is greater than the cell spacing δ2 between two adjacent battery cells 10 in the same battery string. The photovoltaic module has higher module space utilization and is safer and more reliable.

[0191] Optionally, the plurality of battery cells 10 form a plurality of battery strings, and the length of the battery strings is greater than or equal to 879.6 mm and less than or equal to 891.6 mm.

[0192] Specifically, nine 96mm-long cells 10 are arranged with a spacing of 0.5mm ≤ δ2 ≤ 2mm, with interconnecting bars extending 6.8mm from the edges of the cells 10 at both ends. In a 54-panel module formed by this string soldering arrangement, the cell string warpage shrinkage is approximately 2mm, resulting in a cell string length ranging from 879.6mm to 891.6mm.

[0193] Based on the above, the 54-panel photovoltaic module can reduce the risk of parallel connection and has higher reliability.

[0194] Optionally, the plurality of battery cells 10 form a plurality of battery strings, and the length of the battery strings is greater than 975.6 mm and less than 989.1 mm.

[0195] Specifically, ten 96mm-long cells 10 are arranged with a spacing of 0.5mm ≤ δ2 ≤ 2mm, with interconnecting bars extending 6.8mm from the edges of the cells 10 at both ends. In a 60-panel module formed with this string soldering arrangement, the cell string warpage shrinkage is approximately 2.5mm, resulting in a cell string length between 975.6mm and 989.1mm. This length range allows for reliable soldering of cell strings in a 60-panel module.

[0196] Based on the above, the 60-panel photovoltaic module can reduce the risk of parallel connection and has higher reliability.

[0197] Optionally, the photovoltaic module further includes bus bars and interconnecting bars, and the width of the interconnecting bars is greater than 0.4 mm and less than 1 mm. For example, the width of the interconnecting bars can be 0.4 mm, 0.5 mm, 0.6 mm, 0.7 mm, 0.8 mm, 0.9 mm, or 1 mm.

[0198] Based on the above, the interconnection strip width of the present application is conducive to reducing the current transmission resistance and improving the welding reliability.

[0199] Optionally, the overlap length between the interconnection bar and the bus bar is greater than 2.8 mm and less than 3.5 mm, and the overlap length may be 2.8 mm, 2.9 mm, 3.0 mm, 3.1 mm, 3.2 mm, 3.3 mm, 3.4 mm, or 3.5 mm.

[0200] When the overlap length is too short, it is easy to cause poor contact between the interconnect bar and the bus bar. When the overlap length is too long, it will lead to waste of interconnect bars and increase costs. The above overlap length range can ensure welding reliability and avoid wasting interconnect bars.

[0201] Optionally, the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the battery cell 10 are both on the backlight side of the battery cell.

[0202] Specifically, the cell 10 of the present application can be a cell without a busbar or a cell with a busbar.

[0203] Taking a battery cell with a main grid as an example, the battery cell 10 of the embodiment of the present application can be a back-contact battery in which the positive main grid, the negative main grid, the positive fine grid, and the negative fine grid are all distributed on the backlight surface of the battery cell.

[0204] Specifically, the cells on the photovoltaic module of the present application are back-contact cells. Since the front of the back-contact cells is not blocked, they have a higher conversion efficiency, which enables the photovoltaic module to have a higher power.

[0205] The embodiments of the present application also provide a photovoltaic system, which may use multiple photovoltaic modules as described in the aforementioned embodiments. Multiple photovoltaic modules may be installed on the roof of a building to form a distributed photovoltaic power generation system.

[0206] Specifically, the photovoltaic modules can be attached to buildings using adhesives with strong adhesion and excellent weather resistance, or by using connectors such as clamping blocks used in conjunction with the module frame. Alternatively, the modules can be mounted on the building's wall using hanger fasteners used in conjunction with the module frame. The appropriate mounting structure can be selected based on actual construction conditions.

[0207] Based on the above, it can be seen that the photovoltaic system can take into account conversion efficiency, cost, building compatibility and stability and reliability.

Claims

1. A photovoltaic module, characterized in that: include: having two first sides arranged along the length direction of the photovoltaic module and two second sides arranged along the width direction of the photovoltaic module, wherein the ratio of the length of the first side to the second side is greater than 1.55 and less than 2; The length of the first side is greater than 1797 mm and less than 1996 mm; The photovoltaic assembly includes multiple solar cells and multiple bypass diodes, and the open circuit voltage of each solar cell connected in parallel with the bypass diode is greater than 12.24V and less than 15V.

2. The photovoltaic module according to claim 1, characterized in that The ratio of the lengths of the first side to the second side is greater than 1.58 and less than 1.76; and / or, The length of the first side is greater than or equal to 1800 mm and less than or equal to 1994 mm.

3. The photovoltaic module according to claim 1, characterized in that The number of solar cells connected in parallel with each bypass diode is 36-40.

4. The photovoltaic module according to claim 1, characterized in that The photovoltaic assembly includes a photovoltaic laminate and a frame installed at an edge of the photovoltaic laminate. The thickness of a portion of the frame perpendicular to the photovoltaic assembly is greater than 1.1 mm and less than 1.6 mm.

5. The photovoltaic module according to claim 1, characterized in that In the length direction, the plurality of cells are divided into two parts, the shortest distance between the edge of the first side of the photovoltaic module and the edge of the cell in the first part is d1, and the shortest distance between the edge of the same first side of the photovoltaic module and the edge of the cell in the second part is d2; K<|d1-d2|<1, where K is the width of the interconnection strip in the photovoltaic module.

6. The photovoltaic module according to claim 1, characterized in that In the longitudinal direction, the plurality of cells are divided into two parts, and the photovoltaic assembly further comprises a first busbar disposed at both ends of the longitudinal direction of the photovoltaic assembly, and a second busbar disposed in the gap between the two parts; wherein, The ratio of the width of the second busbar to the width of the first busbar is greater than 1.7 and less than 2; and / or, A ratio of the shortest distance between the edge of the first bus ribbon and the edge of the battery cell to the shortest distance between the second bus ribbon and the edge of the battery cell is greater than 0.8 and less than 1.

7. The photovoltaic module according to claim 1, characterized in that In the length direction, the plurality of solar cells are divided into two parts, and the photovoltaic module further includes a back plate, and the back plate is provided with three wire outlet holes, the three wire outlet holes are distributed in the gap between the two parts, and the three wire outlet holes are arranged along the width direction of the photovoltaic module; Among the three wire outlet holes, the shape of the wire outlet hole located in the middle is different from the shapes of the wire outlet holes located on both sides; and / or, The shape of the outlet hole located in the middle of the three outlet holes is elliptical or elliptical, and the shapes of the outlet holes located on both sides are circular; and / or, The outlet hole located in the middle of the three outlet holes has a major axis and a minor axis that are perpendicular to each other, the major axis is parallel to the width direction of the photovoltaic module, and the minor axis is parallel to the length direction of the photovoltaic module; the cross-sectional shape of the outlet hole located in the middle of the three outlet holes includes a first arc, a second arc, a third arc, and a fourth arc, the first arc and the second arc are symmetrical with respect to the minor axis and are cocircular, and the third arc and the fourth arc are symmetrical with respect to the major axis and are coelliptical; and / or, The battery sheet has a chamfered structure at a position close to the wire outlet hole.

8. The photovoltaic module according to claim 7, characterized in that: The ratio of the length of the major axis to the length of the minor axis is less than 1.5; and / or The length of the major axis is greater than or equal to 12 mm and less than or equal to 18 mm; and / or the length of the minor axis is greater than or equal to 10 mm and less than or equal to 14 mm.

9. The photovoltaic module according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: The dimension of the first side is greater than 1797 mm and less than 1805 mm; or The dimension of the first side is greater than 1957 mm and less than 1967 mm; or The size of the first side is greater than 1989 mm and less than 1996 mm.

10. The photovoltaic module according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: The length of the battery cell is 96 mm ± 3 mm; or, the length of the battery cell is 105 mm ± 3 mm; or, The width of the battery cell is 182.2 mm ± 5 mm.

11. The photovoltaic module according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: The number of busbars provided on each of the solar cells is greater than 16 and less than 20; and / or, Each of the solar cells is provided with a plurality of main grids, and the number of welding pads provided on each main grid is greater than 6 and less than 9; and / or, The number of positive electrode fine grids provided on each of the battery cells is greater than 98 and less than 103; and / or, The number of negative electrode fine grids provided on each battery cell is greater than 99 and less than 104; and / or, A plurality of fine grids are provided on each of the battery cells, and the distance between two adjacent fine grids with the same polarity is greater than 0.92 mm and less than 0.96 mm.

12. The photovoltaic module according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: The plurality of battery cells form a plurality of battery strings; Along the width direction, the string spacing between two adjacent battery strings is greater than or equal to 0.8 mm and less than or equal to 2 mm; and / or, Along the length direction, the spacing between two adjacent battery cells in the same battery string is greater than 0.5 mm and less than 2 mm; and / or, The string spacing between two adjacent battery strings is greater than the cell spacing between two adjacent battery cells in the same battery string.

13. The photovoltaic module according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: The multiple battery cells form multiple battery strings. The length of the battery string is greater than 879.6 mm and less than 891.6 mm; or The length of the battery string is greater than 975.6 mm and less than 989.1 mm.

14. The photovoltaic module according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: The photovoltaic module also includes bus bars and interconnecting bars; The width of the interconnection strip is greater than 0.4 mm and less than 1 mm; and / or, The overlapping length of the interconnection bar and the bus bar is greater than 2.8 mm and less than 3.5 mm.

15. The photovoltaic module according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: The positive electrode and the negative electrode of the battery cell are both on the backlight side of the battery cell.

16. A photovoltaic system, characterized in that: A photovoltaic module comprising a plurality of photovoltaic modules according to any one of claims 1 to 15 arranged in an array.

17. The photovoltaic system according to claim 16, characterized in that: The photovoltaic modules are glued to the building; or The photovoltaic modules are fixed to the building via connectors; or The photovoltaic components are mounted on a building.

Images