On-board power supply system for a motor vehicle

Abstract

The invention relates to an on-board power supply system (100) for a motor vehicle, comprising an electrical source (10) which supplies an electrical consumer (40) with current via a first line and a second line. Furthermore, the on-board power supply system (100) comprises a first electronic fuse (21), wherein the first electronic fuse (21) is electrically coupled to the electrical source (10). In addition, the on-board power supply system (100) comprises a second electronic fuse (22) which is coupled to the first electronic fuse (21) via the first line (31), wherein the second electronic fuse (22) is designed to monitor a second line parameter and to carry out a protective measure on the basis of the second line parameter. The first electronic fuse (21) is designed to monitor a first line parameter, to determine a temperature of the first line (31), to determine a temperature of the second line (32) and to carry out a protective measure on the basis of the temperature of the first line (31) and the temperature of the second line (32).

Description

[0001] Description

[0002] On-board power system for a motor vehicle

[0003] An on-board power system for a motor vehicle is specified.

[0004] Onboard power systems in motor vehicles play a crucial role in supplying power and controlling various electrical systems. These networks enable the efficient distribution and use of energy to meet the diverse requirements of modern vehicles.

[0005] In current and future on-board power systems, electronic fuses are used in power distribution boards to ensure selective fault isolation and thermal line protection. These fuses play a significant role in ensuring the reliable operation of the vehicle's electrical systems. Careful design and monitoring of electronic fuses in modern on-board power systems is necessary to ensure vehicle reliability and safety through redundancy of protective functions.

[0006] One problem to be solved is to specify an on-board power system for a motor vehicle that enables particularly efficient and reliable operation of the on-board power system.

[0007] This problem is solved by the on-board power system of the independent patent claim. Advantageous embodiments, implementations, and further developments are the subject of the dependent patent claims.

[0008] According to at least one embodiment, the on-board power system comprises an electrical source that supplies an electrical load with power via a first line and a second line. Here and below, the electrical source is, for example, an electrical energy storage device, such as an accumulator. The electrical source is thus, for example, a single rechargeable storage element for electrical energy. Alternatively, the electrical source can be configured, for example, as a DC-DC converter, a battery, or a supercapacitor.

[0009] According to at least one embodiment, the on-board power supply system comprises a first electronic fuse, wherein the first electronic fuse is electrically coupled to the electrical source. Furthermore, the on-board power supply system comprises a second electronic fuse, which is coupled to the first electronic fuse via the first line, wherein the second electronic fuse is configured to monitor a second line parameter and to implement a protective measure depending on the second line parameter.

[0010] The second electronic fuse is designed, for example, to detect the temperature of the second line. For example, the temperature of the second line is determined based on the second line parameter.

[0011] For example, the second line parameter refers to the second line, where the second line is, for example, downstream of the second electronic fuse.

[0012] According to at least one embodiment, the first electronic fuse is designed to monitor a first line parameter, to determine a temperature of the first line, to determine a temperature of the second line and to carry out a protective measure depending on the temperature of the first line and the temperature of the second line.

[0013] The temperature of the first line and / or the temperature of the second line are determined, for example, depending on the first line parameter. Alternatively or additionally, the temperature of the first line and / or the temperature of the second line are determined by means of a temperature measurement.

[0014] An electronic fuse, for example, is an electronic device designed to protect electrical circuits from excessive current flow or short circuits. Unlike conventional thermal or electromechanical fuses, which are based on physical principles, electronic fuses use electronic components and circuits to monitor the current and interrupt the flow if necessary. The electronic fuse can offer various protection functions, such as overcurrent protection, short-circuit protection, and temperature protection.

[0015] For example, the electronic fuses are designed as metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors, MOSFETs.

[0016] For example, the first line parameter refers to the first line, where the first line is, for example, downstream of the first electronic fuse.

[0017] Thus, in the on-board power system, the first line is monitored by the first electronic fuse and the second line is monitored by the second electronic fuse.

[0018] Furthermore, by determining a temperature of the second electronic fuse by the first electronic fuse and by the first electronic fuse carrying out a protective measure depending on the temperature of the second line, the second line and the second electronic fuse are additionally monitored and protected by the first electronic fuse.

[0019] The protective measure serves, for example, to protect the respective electronic fuses that implement the protective measure, as well as the downstream elements in the on-board power system. The downstream elements can be, for example, cables, additional fuses, electrical consumers, and / or additional elements of the on-board power system.

[0020] For example, a protective measure is implemented by the second electronic fuse if the second line parameter exceeds a predefined limit. For example, a protective measure is implemented by the first electronic fuse if the first line parameter, a temperature of the first line, and / or a temperature of the second line each exceeds a predefined limit. For example, a protective measure of the first electronic fuse is implemented depending on a temperature of the second line only if the second electronic fuse does not implement a protective measure even though a temperature of the second line exceeds a predefined limit.

[0021] Here and below, the protective measure of the electronic fuses includes, for example, decoupling and / or power redistribution.

[0022] In an advantageous manner, for example, in the event of a loss of an overtemperature protection function and / or overcurrent protection function of an individual electronic fuse, the electronic fuse itself and the downstream line can be protected by the upstream fuse.

[0023] Thus, such an on-board power supply system is advantageously designed to form protection zones that extend beyond a line downstream of the respective fuse in order to achieve a comprehensive protection concept with redundancy of the protection functions.

[0024] According to at least one embodiment of the on-board power supply system, the on-board power supply system comprises a third electronic fuse which is electrically coupled to the second electronic fuse via a second line and to the electrical consumer via a third line.

[0025] The on-board power supply is not limited to three electronic fuses; for example, the on-board power supply includes additional electronic fuses.

[0026] According to at least one embodiment of the on-board power supply system, the third electronic fuse is designed to monitor a third line parameter, to carry out a protective measure depending on the third line parameter and to transmit the third line parameter to the first and / or second electronic fuse.

[0027] By expanding the on-board power system with a third electronic fuse and monitoring the third line parameter with the third electronic fuse, the protection zone of the on-board power system can be expanded. For example, the third line parameter refers to a third line, which is located downstream of the third electronic fuse.

[0028] Thus, in the on-board power system, the third line is monitored by the third electronic fuse and, if necessary, protected by implementing the protective measure.

[0029] According to at least one embodiment of the on-board power supply system, the second electronic fuse is designed to carry out a protective measure depending on the third line parameter.

[0030] Because the second electronic fuse is designed to carry out a protective measure depending on the third line parameter, the third electronic fuse and the third line are additionally monitored and protected by the second electronic fuse.

[0031] For example, the second electronic fuse is designed to determine a temperature of the third line as a function of the third line parameter.

[0032] For example, a protective measure is carried out by the third electronic fuse if the third line parameter exceeds a predetermined limit and / or a temperature of the third line determined by the second electronic fuse exceeds a predetermined limit.

[0033] For example, a protective measure of the second electronic fuses is only carried out depending on the third line parameter if the third electronic fuse does not carry out a protective measure even though the third line parameter exceeds a specified limit value.

[0034] This advantageously achieves redundancy of the protective functions at the third electronic fuse. According to at least one embodiment of the on-board power system, the first electronic fuse is designed to implement a protective measure depending on the third line parameter.

[0035] Because the first electronic fuse is designed to carry out a protective measure depending on the third line parameter, the third electronic fuse and the third line are additionally monitored and protected by the first electronic fuse.

[0036] For example, the first electronic fuse is designed to determine a temperature of the third line as a function of the third line parameter.

[0037] For example, a protective measure of the first electronic fuse is only carried out depending on the third line parameter if the third line parameter exceeds a predetermined limit value and / or a temperature of the third line determined by the first electronic fuse exceeds a predetermined limit value and the third electronic fuse and the second electronic fuse do not carry out a protective measure.

[0038] This advantageously achieves further redundancy of the protective functions.

[0039] According to at least one embodiment of the on-board power system, the first, the second and the third line parameters are each representative of a current intensity or an average current distribution at a node in the on-board power system.

[0040] For example, the current strength is determined by the electronic fuse. The average current distribution can, for example, indicate the number of lines across which the current flow is distributed at the junction. For example, the distribution is specified using a floating-point number, where, for example, a current distribution value of 0.5 indicates that the current flow is distributed equally between two lines.

[0041] According to at least one embodiment of the on-board energy network, the on-board energy network comprises at least one control unit, wherein the control unit is designed to determine a temperature of the first, the second and / or the third line and / or an electronic fuse as a function of the first, the second and / or the third line parameter via a thermal model.

[0042] Because a temperature is determined by a thermal model, it is possible to do without a temperature sensor to determine the temperature of an electronic fuse or a downstream line.

[0043] For example, the temperature of a line in the on-board power system can be determined or modeled based on a reference resistance of the line, a temperature coefficient of the line, an ambient temperature, a thermal resistance, and the thermal capacitance of the line. For example, parameters such as the reference resistance, the temperature coefficient, the thermal resistance, and the thermal capacitance of the line are specified when initiating the thermal model.

[0044] For example, the temperature of an electronic fuse in the on-board power system can be determined or modeled using a thermal capacitance, a thermal resistance, an ambient temperature, a reference resistance at a reference temperature and a linear temperature coefficient of the electronic fuse.

[0045] For the calculation of the line temperature and the temperature of an electronic fuse, reference is made to the publication by Baumann, M. et al. "Resource-Saving Modeling of Electronic Fuses in Vehicular Power Systems" (VPPC 2023).

[0046] This advantageously improves energy efficiency by optimizing energy consumption as well as cost and space savings.

[0047] According to at least one embodiment of the on-board power supply system, the first, the second and / or the third electronic fuse is designed to measure a temperature of at least one line and to carry out a protective measure depending on the temperature of the at least one line. The second electronic fuse is designed, for example, to transmit a measured temperature of the second line and / or the second electronic fuse to the first electronic fuse via a data bus. The third electronic fuse is designed, for example, to transmit a measured temperature of the third line and / or the third electronic fuse to the second and / or third electronic fuse via a data bus. The first and second electronic fuse are designed, for example, to receive information.

[0048] For example, the temperature is measured by temperature sensors inside electronic fuses. Determining the temperature using temperature sensors can advantageously provide more precise and reliable values.

[0049] According to at least one embodiment of the on-board power supply system, the first, second and / or third electronic fuses are designed as components of separate control units.

[0050] For example, in addition to an electronic fuse, the control units also include a receiver, a transmitter and at least one communication bus.

[0051] Embodiments of the invention are explained in more detail below with reference to the schematic drawings. They show:

[0052] Figure 1 shows a first embodiment of an on-board power system,

[0053] Figure 2 shows a second embodiment of an on-board power system.

[0054] Elements of the same design or function are marked with the same reference symbols throughout the figures.

[0055] Figure 1 shows an equivalent circuit diagram of a first embodiment of the on-board power supply system 100. The on-board power supply system 100 comprises an electrical source 10, for example an electrical energy storage device, and an electrical consumer 40. The electrical consumer 40 is supplied with power by the electrical source 10.

[0056] Furthermore, the on-board power supply system 100 includes a first electronic fuse 21. The first electronic fuse 21 is electrically coupled to the electrical source 10. A first line 31 is arranged downstream of the first electronic fuse 21.

[0057] A second electronic fuse 22 is electrically coupled to the first electronic fuse 21 via the first line 31. Furthermore, the second electronic fuse 22 is electrically coupled to the electrical load 40 via a second line 32.

[0058] The first line 31 and the second line 32 are in particular electrical powers and are each represented in the equivalent circuit diagram by means of an electrical resistor R and a coil L.

[0059] The second electronic fuse 22 is designed to monitor a second line parameter. The second line parameter relates, for example, to the second line 32. Furthermore, the second electronic fuse 22 is designed to carry out a protective measure depending on the second line parameter. For example, the protective measure is carried out by the second electronic fuse 22 if the second line parameter exceeds a predetermined limit value. The second line parameter represents, for example, a current strength. For example, the second electronic fuse 22 is designed to measure a current strength in the second electronic fuse 22 using a current sensor and to determine a temperature of the second electronic fuse 22 and / or the second line 32 using a thermal model depending on the measured current strength.The protective measure implemented by the second electronic fuse 22 comprises, for example, electrically decoupling the first line 31 and the second line 32. The second electronic fuse 22 monitors and protects, through a possible protective measure, a protection zone B of the on-board power supply system 100 and the electrical consumer 40. The first electronic fuse 21 is designed to monitor a first line parameter. The first line parameter relates, for example, to the first line 31. Furthermore, the first electronic fuse 21 is designed to determine a temperature of the first line 31, to determine a temperature of the second line 32, and to implement a protective measure depending on the temperature of the first line 31 and the temperature of the second line 32.For example, the first electronic fuse 21 is designed to measure the current in the first electronic fuse 21 using a current sensor and to determine a temperature of the first and second electronic fuses 21, 22 and / or the first and second lines 31, 32 using a thermal model as a function of the measured current. For example, the protective measure is carried out by the first electronic fuse 21 if the temperature of the first line 31, the temperature of the first electronic fuse 21, the temperature of the second line 32, or the temperature of the second electronic fuse 22 exceeds a predetermined limit value. The first line parameter, like the second performance parameter, represents a current, for example.For example, the protective measure of the first electronic fuse 21 is carried out depending on the temperature of the second line 32 or the temperature of the second electronic fuse 22 only when the second electronic fuse 22 does not carry out any protective measure.

[0060] Thus, the first electronic fuse 21 also monitors and protects the protection zone B of the on-board power system and the electrical consumer 40. Furthermore, the first electronic fuse 21 additionally monitors and protects itself, the first line 21 and the protection zone B, which is shown summarized in Figure 1 as protection zone A.

[0061] For example, the first electronic fuse 21 has means for monitoring the implementation of a protective measure by the second electronic fuse 22. Accordingly, in addition to the protective function of the first line 31, the first electronic fuse 21 also assumes the protective function of the second line 32, thus providing redundancy in the event that the second electronic fuse 22 is not capable of implementing a protective measure itself, if the second line parameter or a temperature of the second electronic fuse 22 and / or the second line 32 determined by the second electronic fuse 22 has exceeded a predetermined limit value.

[0062] Figure 2 shows an equivalent circuit diagram of a second embodiment of the on-board power system 100.

[0063] The on-board power supply system 100 from the second embodiment is based on the first embodiment, wherein the on-board power supply system 100 is extended by a further protection zone C.

[0064] The on-board power supply system 100 comprises a branch arranged downstream of the second line 32, wherein a first branch comprises a third electronic fuse 23 and a second branch comprises a fourth electronic fuse 24. The third and fourth electronic fuses 23, 24, for example, again monitor and protect a downstream third line 33 and fourth line 34, respectively. The electrical load 40 is electrically coupled to the third line 33. The fourth line can, for example, supply power to further electrical loads not shown in Figure 2.

[0065] For example, the current from the second line 32 is divided by a current distributor not shown in Figure 2 to the third and fourth electronic fuses 23, 24.

[0066] For example, the third electronic fuse 23 is configured to monitor a third line parameter, wherein the third line parameter relates to the third line 33. Furthermore, the third electronic fuse 23 is configured to implement a protective measure depending on the third line parameter. For example, the third electronic fuse 23 is constructed analogously to the first and / or second electronic fuse 21, 22. Furthermore, the third electronic fuse 23 is configured to transmit the third line parameter to the first and / or second electronic fuse 21, 22.

[0067] For example, the fourth electronic fuse 24 is configured to monitor a fourth line parameter, wherein the fourth line parameter relates to the fourth line 34. Furthermore, the fourth electronic fuse 24 is configured to implement a protective measure depending on the fourth line parameter. For example, the fourth electronic fuse 24 is constructed analogously to the first and / or second electronic fuse 21, 22. Furthermore, the third electronic fuse 23 is configured to transmit the fourth line parameter to the first and / or second electronic fuse 21, 22.

[0068] The third and fourth line parameters are, for example, currents in the third and fourth lines 33, 34.

[0069] Alternatively or additionally, the current distributor (not shown) can be designed to transmit information regarding an average current distribution to the third and fourth electronic fuses 23, 24 to the first and / or second electronic fuses 21, 22.

[0070] The power distributor functions, for example, as a component of a control unit (not shown) or is controlled by a control unit. For example, the control unit is configured to transmit information regarding an average current distribution to the third and fourth electronic fuses 23, 24 to the first and / or second electronic fuses 21, 22. For example, the electronic fuses within the on-board power supply system also each function as a component of separate control units.

[0071] If, for example, the average current distribution of the current from the second line 32 to the third and fourth lines 33, 34 is transmitted to the second electronic fuse 22, the second electronic fuse 22 can, in addition to the second line 32, additionally monitor and protect a protection zone C comprising the third and fourth electronic fuses 23, 24 and the third and fourth lines 33, 34. For example, the second electronic fuse 22 can implement a protective measure if the third and / or fourth line parameter related to the third or fourth line 33, 34 exceeds a predetermined limit value or a temperature of the third or fourth electronic fuse 23, 24 and / or the third or fourth line 33, 34 determined by the third or fourth electronic fuse 23, 24 exceeds a predetermined limit value and the third or fourth electronic fuse 23, 24 does not implement a protective measure.For example, the corresponding line parameters and / or measured temperatures are transmitted via a data bus to the second electronic fuse 22. The second electronic fuse 22 thus monitors and protects the protection area B shown in Figure 2.

[0072] Furthermore, the first electronic fuse 21 can implement a protective measure if the third and / or fourth line parameter, related to the third or fourth line 33, 34, exceeds a predetermined limit value, or if a temperature of the third or fourth electronic fuse 23, 24 and / or the third or fourth line 33, 34, determined by the third or fourth electronic fuse 23, 24, exceeds a predetermined limit value, and the second, third, or fourth electronic fuse 22, 23, 24, do not implement any protective measures. For example, the corresponding line parameters and / or determined temperatures are transmitted to the first electronic fuse 21 via a data bus. The first electronic fuse 21 monitors and thus protects the protection area A shown in Figure 2.

[0073] For example, the described protective measures serve to protect against damage to or destruction of the on-board power system 100 or components of the on-board power system 100.

[0074] Such damage or destruction can occur, for example, due to excessive temperature. For example, to monitor the temperature within the lines or switching elements of the on-board power supply system 100, a computing unit can be used that models the temperature within the on-board power supply system 100 using a thermal model. For example, the line temperature of the lines of the on-board power supply system can be determined or modeled based on a reference resistance of the line, a temperature coefficient of the line, an ambient temperature, a thermal resistance, and the thermal capacitance of the line.

[0075] Alternatively or additionally, the temperature in the lines of the on-board power system can also be measured and transmitted between the electronic fuses.

[0076] For example, the electronic fuses are designed to detect or measure a temperature within the line.

[0077] List of reference symbols

[0078] 100 On-board power system

[0079] 10 electrical source

[0080] 21 - 24 first - fourth electronic fuse

[0081] 31 - 34 first - fourth line

[0082] 40 electrical consumers

[0083] A - C Protection zones A - C

[0084] R electrical resistance

[0085] Sink

Claims

Patent claims 1. An on-board power supply system (100) for a motor vehicle comprising an electrical source (10) which supplies an electrical consumer (40) with power via a first line and a second line, a first electronic fuse (21), wherein the first electronic fuse (21) is electrically coupled to the electrical source (10), a second electronic fuse (22) which is coupled to the first electronic fuse (21) via the first line (31), wherein - the second electronic fuse (22) is designed to monitor a second line parameter and to carry out a protective measure depending on the second line parameter, - the first electronic fuse (21) is designed to monitor a first line parameter, to determine a temperature of the first line (31), to determine a temperature of the second line (32) and to carry out a protective measure depending on the temperature of the first line (31) and the temperature of the second line (32).

2. On-board power supply system (100) according to claim 1, wherein the on-board power supply system (100) comprises at least one third electronic fuse (23) which is electrically coupled to the second electronic fuse (22) via a second line (32) and to the electrical consumer (40) via a third line (33).

3. On-board power supply system (100) according to claim 2, wherein the third electronic fuse (23) is designed to monitor a third line parameter, to carry out a protective measure depending on the third line parameter and to transmit the third line parameter to the first and / or second electronic fuse (22).

4. The on-board power system (100) according to claim 3, wherein the second electronic fuse (22) is designed to carry out a protective measure depending on the third line parameter.

5. The on-board power system (100) according to claim 3, wherein the first electronic fuse (21) is designed to carry out a protective measure depending on the third line parameter.

6. The on-board power system (100) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the first, second and third line parameters are each representative of a current intensity or an average current distribution at a node in the on-board power system (100).

7. The on-board energy network (100) according to one of claims 1 to 6, wherein a control unit of the on-board energy network (100) is designed to determine a temperature of at least one line via a thermal model as a function of the first, the second and / or the third line parameter.

8. On-board power system (100) according to one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the first, the second and / or the third electronic fuse (23) is designed to measure the temperature of at least one line and to carry out a protective measure depending on the temperature of the at least one line.

9. On-board power supply system (100) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the first, the second and / or the third electronic fuse (21, 22, 23) are designed as components of separate control units.

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