Dosing apparatus

Abstract

The technology relates to a dosing apparatus, its method of assembly and / or use, for preparing one or more doses of medication for administration to a patient. The patient may be human or veterinary. The dosing apparatus may comprise one or more receptacles configured to each contain a dose of the medication, a mechanism for simultaneously adjusting an amount of the medication in each receptacle of the plurality of receptacles, and an indicator indicating a parameter other than the volume of the medication in the reservoir. The indicator may indicate a patient-related parameter corresponding to a volume of the medication suitable for the patient based on the patient-related parameter.

Description

[0001] DOSING APPARATUS

[0002] 1. FIELD OF THE TECH NOLOGY

[0003] The present technology relates to a dosing apparatus and methods of preparation and use of the dosing apparatus.

[0004] 2. BACKGROUND TO THE TECHNOLOGY

[0005] Medication is typically administered to a patient in suitable quantities, called doses, which may depend on any one or more of a number of factors such as age, weight, medical condition, etc. Preparing doses of a medication for administration to a patient may be quite challenging under conditions of high stress and extreme urgency, such as in an accident and emergency department. Under such conditions, there is a likelihood for human errors to occur. When multiple doses of a medication are required to be administered, clinicians may be required to calculate the recommended quantity of the dose each time.

[0006] For instance, the dosage of intravenous / intraosseous adrenaline to resuscitate a patient with a cardiac arrest is 10mcg / kg or 0.1 ml / kg of adrenaline at a concentration of 1 :10,000. Vials containing medication at different concentrations may be placed in a medication storage area, for example a resuscitation trolley, such as adrenaline at concentrations of 1 :1 ,000 and adrenaline of 1 :10,000. This may results in confusion as to the concentration of the medication being used. For example, drawing each dose directly from a vial from the trolley may result in a clinician accidentally preparing multiple doses of different concentrations. Further, an error in titration or dose calculation may result in medication overdose with the error being in multiples of 10 or 100 times the recommended dosage. Alternatively, a dosage error may also result in an underdose of 1 / 100th or 1 / 1 Oth of the recommended dosage being administered.

[0007] Any error in measuring a dose may have consequences for the patient which may range from harmful to fatal. The risks may be magnified when the patient in question is a paediatric patient or a neonatal patient due to the large range of doses that might be suitable for such patients. For example, in some cases, dosage is calculated based on the patient's weight. Paediatric patients typically have a lower body weight than adults, in the range of 10 kg to 70 kg, and the weight range of neonates and infants is between 2.5 kg to 10 kg. In addition to a likelihood of errors, preparing each dose of the medication separately may cause a delay in medication administration which may result in poor patient outcomes. Moreover, the current preparation of these medications often involves handling of sharps. Due to the high stress environment, needle stick injuries are common and can cause harm to clinicians and add to the delay in the delivery of emergency medication.

[0008] 3. OBJECT OF THE TECHNOLOGY

[0009] It is an object of the technology to provide an improved dosing apparatus, an improved method of assembling a dosing system and / or an improved method of preparing prepare doses of a medication. The improved apparatus and / or methods may enable dosages to be prepared easily, conveniently and / or quickly. Alternatively, the improved apparatus and / or methods may enable dosages to be prepared simultaneously. Alternatively, the improved apparatus and / or methods may enable dosages to be may help to prevent injuries when preparing a dose of a medication. Alternatively, it is an object of the technology to provide improved apparatus and / or methods to enable preparation of a dose of a medication without the need for a user to calculate the dosage volume. Alternatively, it is an object of the technology to provide an inexpensive solution for preparing multiple doses of a medication. Alternatively, it is an object of the technology to at least provide the public with a useful choice.

[0010] 4. SUMMARY OF THE TECHNOLOGY

[0011] According to certain aspects of the technology, there is provided a dosing apparatus, its method of assembly and / or use, for preparing one or more doses of medication for administration to a patient. The patient may be human or veterinary. The dosing apparatus may comprise one or more receptacles configured to each contain a dose of the medication. The dosing apparatus may further comprise a mechanism for simultaneously adjusting an amount of the medication in each receptacle of the plurality of receptacles. The dosing apparatus may further comprise an indicator indicating a parameter other than the volume of the medication in the reservoir. The indicator may indicate a patient-related parameter corresponding to a volume of the medication suitable for the patient based on the patient-related parameter.

[0012] According to one aspect of the technology there is provided a dosing apparatus for preparing a plurality of doses of a medication for administration to a patient. The dosing apparatus may comprise a plurality of receptacles. The closing apparatus may further comprise a mechanism for simultaneously adjusting an amount of the medication in each receptacle of the plurality of receptacles. The dosing apparatus may further comprise an indicator comprising a set of graduated markings indicating a patient-related parameter. The graduated markings may be calibrated to correspond to a volume of the medication suitable for the patient based on the patient-related parameter.

[0013] In certain forms, the patient-related parameter may be weight, gestational age, height or body surface area.

[0014] In certain forms, the plurality of receptacles may be arranged adjacent to each other in one or more rows.

[0015] In certain forms, each of the receptacles may be a syringe comprising a barrel and a plunger.

[0016] In certain forms, the mechanism may comprise a force distributing device configured to be engaged with the plungers of the plurality of syringes to expel the medication out of, or to draw the medication into, the plurality of syringes by moving the force distributing device.

[0017] In certain forms, the force distributing device may comprise a plate. A first portion of the plate may be configured to be handled by a user during use, and a second portion of the plate may be configured to engage with the plungers of the plurality of syringes.

[0018] In certain forms, the dosing apparatus may comprise an indicator member having a first part mounted to the force distributing device and having a second part positioned in proximity to the indicator to indicate the patient-related parameter.

[0019] In certain forms, the dosing apparatus may comprise a stop for preventing movement of the force distributing device beyond a limit. Furthermore, the dosing apparatus may comprise a stop adjustment mechanism to allow the position of the stop to be adjusted by a user.

[0020] In certain forms, the dosing apparatus may comprise a medication capture portion to capture medication expelled from the plurality of receptacles.

[0021] In certain forms, the dosing apparatus may comprise a housing to house the plurality of receptacles and the medication capture portion comprises a part of the housing. In certain forms, the medication capture portion may comprise a container-shaped portion of the housing.

[0022] In certain forms, the medication capture portion may comprise a fluid-absorbing body.

[0023] In certain forms, the dosing apparatus may further comprise a reservoir configured to contain the medication. The plurality of receptacles may be fluidly connected to the reservoir in parallel to permit transfer of a dose of the medication from the reservoir to each of the plurality of receptacles. The reservoir may comprise the indicator.

[0024] In certain forms, the reservoir may be a syringe comprising a barrel and a plunger.

[0025] In certain forms, the barrel may comprise the indicator and a position of the plunger relative to the indicator indicates the volume of the medication in the barrel.

[0026] According to one aspect of the technology there is provided a dosing apparatus for preparing one or more doses of a medication for administration to a patient. The dosing apparatus may comprise a reservoir configured to contain the medication. The dosing apparatus may further comprise one or more receptacles configured to be fluidly connected to the reservoir to permit transfer of a dose of the medication from the reservoir to each of the one or more receptacles. The reservoir may comprise an indicator comprising a set of graduated markings indicating a patient-related parameter. The graduated markings may be calibrated to correspond to a volume of the medication suitable for the patient based on the patient-related parameter.

[0027] In certain forms, the reservoir may be a syringe comprising a barrel and a plunger. The barrel may comprise the indicator and a position of the plunger relative to the indicator may indicate the volume of the medication in the barrel.

[0028] In certain forms, the indicator may comprise a set of values of the patient-related parameter increasing in a direction inversely compared to the volume of medication in the reservoir. In some forms, the set of values of the patient-related parameter may increase in a direction in which the plunger is configured to be inserted further into the barrel. In certain forms, the dosing apparatus may comprise two or more receptacles and the receptacles may be configured to be fluidly connected to the reservoir in parallel. In some forms, the two or more receptacles may be arranged adjacent to each other in one or more rows.

[0029] In certain forms, each of the receptacles may be a syringe comprising a barrel and a plunger.

[0030] In certain forms, the dosing apparatus may further comprise a force distributing device configured to be engaged with the plungers of the one or more syringes to draw the medication into the one or more syringes by moving the force distributing device.

[0031] In certain forms, the force distributing device may comprise a plate. A first portion of the plate may be configured to be handled by a user during use. A second portion of the plate may be configured to engage with the plungers of the one or more syringes.

[0032] In certain forms, the dosing apparatus may be configured so that the force distributing device is able to move along a predetermined path in use.

[0033] In certain forms, the dosing apparatus may further comprise a mounting component to which the reservoir and / or the one or more receptacles are configured to be mounted in use. In some forms, the reservoir may be configured to be removably mounted to the mounting component in use.

[0034] In certain forms, a guiding portion of the mounting component may be configured to guide the force distributing device along the predetermined path in use. In some forms, the guiding portion of the mounting component may be configured to retain the force distributing device at a predetermined angular orientation with respect to the plungers of the one or more syringes in use.

[0035] In certain forms, the guiding portion of the mounting component may comprise at least one groove which is configured to receive at least one protrusion of the force distributing device. Alternatively, the guiding portion of the mounting component may comprise at least one groove which is configured to be received by at least indent of the force distributing device.

[0036] In certain forms, the dosing apparatus may further comprise a time display device mounted to the mounting component such that a user of the dosing apparatus is able to monitor the passing of time on the time display device during use. In certain forms, the dosing apparatus may further comprising a dose label which is configured to indicate at least a time interval between subsequent doses of the doses.

[0037] According to one aspect of the technology, there is provided a method for assembling a dosing system for preparing one or more doses of a medication for administration to a patient. The method may comprise marking a reservoir with an indicator comprising a set of graduated markings indicating a patient-related parameter. The graduated markings may be calibrated to correspond to a volume of the medication suitable for the patient based on the patient-related parameter. The method may further comprise fluidly connecting the reservoir to one or more receptacles to permit transfer of a dose of the medication from the reservoir to each of the one or more receptacles.

[0038] In certain forms, the method may further comprise a step of engaging a force distributing device with at least a portion of the one or more receptacles to allow a user to draw the medication into the one or more receptacles by moving the force distributing device.

[0039] In certain forms, the method may further comprise a step of mounting the reservoir and / or the one or more receptacles to a mounting component.

[0040] In certain forms, the method may further comprise a step of filling at least a part of the reservoir with the medication.

[0041] According to one aspect of the technology, there is provided a method for preparing one or more doses of a medication for administration to a patient. The method may comprise measuring a value of a patient- related parameter of the patient. The method may further comprise initiating transfer of the medication from a reservoir to one or more receptacles. The reservoir may be fluidly connected to the one or more receptacles in use. The method may further comprise monitoring an indicator of the reservoir. The indicator may comprise a set of graduated markings indicating the patient-related parameter. The graduated markings may be calibrated to correspond to a volume of the medication suitable for the patient based on the patient-related parameter. The method may further comprise terminating transfer of the medication to the one or more receptacles from the reservoir when the indicator indicates the value of the patient-related parameter of the patient. In certain forms, the step of monitoring the indicator of the reservoir may further comprise monitoring a position of a plunger of the reservoir relative to the graduated markings of the indicator.

[0042] In certain forms, the step of initiating transfer of the medication from the reservoir to the one or more receptacles may comprise causing the plunger of the reservoir to move in a direction in which a set of values of the patient-related parameter of the indicator increase.

[0043] In certain forms, the step of initiating transfer of the medication from the reservoir to the one or more receptacles may comprise moving a plunger on each of the one or more receptacles out of a respective barrel.

[0044] In certain forms, the step of initiating transfer of the medication from the reservoir to the one or more receptacles may further comprise applying force to a force distributing device which is configured to engage with the plungers of the one or more receptacles.

[0045] In certain forms, the step of applying force to the force distributing device may further comprise retaining the force distributing device at a predetermined angular orientation with respect to the plungers of the one or more receptacles.

[0046] In certain forms, the step of applying force to the force distributing device may further comprise moving the force distributing device along a predetermined path.

[0047] In certain forms, the method may further comprise disengaging the force distributing device from the one or more receptacles after the step of terminating transfer of the medication to the one or more receptacles from the reservoir.

[0048] In certain forms, the method may further comprise disconnecting at least one of the one or more receptacles from the reservoir after the step of terminating transfer of the medication to the one or more receptacles from the reservoir.

[0049] In certain forms, the method may further comprise a step of monitoring passing of time on a time display device to identify when a subsequent dose is due to be administered to the patient. According to one aspect of the technology, there is provided a dosing apparatus for preparing a plurality of doses of a medication for administration to a patient. The dosing apparatus may comprise a plurality of receptacles. The dosing apparatus may further comprise a mechanism for simultaneously adjusting an amount of the medication in each receptacle of the plurality of receptacles. The dosing apparatus may comprise a medication capture portion to capture medication expelled from the plurality of receptacles.

[0050] In certain forms, the dosing apparatus may comprise a housing to house the plurality of receptacles and the medication capture portion comprises a part of the housing.

[0051] In certain forms, the medication capture portion may comprise a container-shaped portion of the housing.

[0052] In certain forms, the medication capture portion may comprise a fluid-absorbing body.

[0053] In certain forms, the dosing apparatus may further comprise an indicator comprising a set of graduated markings indicating a patient-related parameter. The graduated markings may be calibrated to correspond to a volume of the medication suitable for the patient based on the patient-related parameter.

[0054] According to one aspect of the technology, there is provided a dosing apparatus for preparing a plurality of doses of a medication for administration to a patient. The dosing apparatus may comprise a plurality of receptacles. The dosing apparatus may further comprise a mechanism for simultaneously adjusting an amount of the medication in each receptacle of the plurality of receptacles. Each of the receptacles may be a syringe comprising a barrel and a plunger. The mechanism may comprise a force distributing device configured to be engaged with the plungers of the plurality of syringes to expel the medication out of, or to draw the medication into, the plurality of syringes by moving the force distributing device. The dosing apparatus may further comprise a stop for preventing movement of the force distributing device beyond a limit. The dosing apparatus may further comprise a stop adjustment mechanism to allow the position of the stop to be adjusted by a user.

[0055] In certain forms, the force distributing device may comprise a plate. A first portion of the plate may be configured to be handled by a user during use, and a second portion of the plate may be configured to engage with the plungers of the plurality of syringes. In certain forms, the dosing apparatus may comprise an indicator member having a first end mounted to the force distributing device and having a second end positioned in proximity to the indicator to indicate the patient-related parameter.

[0056] In certain forms, the dosing apparatus may further comprise an indicator comprising a set of graduated markings indicating a patient-related parameter. The graduated markings may be calibrated to correspond to a volume of the medication suitable for the patient based on the patient-related parameter.

[0057] Further aspects of the technology, which should be considered in all its novel aspects, will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon reading of the following description which provides at least one example of a practical application of the technology.

[0058] 5. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0059] One or more embodiments of the technology will be described below by way of example only, and without intending to be limiting, with reference to the following drawings, in which:

[0060] Figure 1 illustrates a perspective view of a dosing apparatus according to one form of the technology in a first configuration;

[0061] Figure 2 illustrates a perspective view of the dosing apparatus shown in Figure 1 in a second configuration;

[0062] Figure 3 illustrates a perspective view of a dosing apparatus according to another form of the technology in a first configuration;

[0063] Figure 4 illustrates a top view of the dosing apparatus shown in Figure 3;

[0064] Figure 5 illustrates a top view of a the dosing apparatus shown in Figure 3 in a second configuration;

[0065] Figure 6 illustrates an exploded perspective view of the dosing apparatus shown in Figure 3;

[0066] Figure 7 is a perspective view illustration of the dosing apparatus shown in Figure 3 in a housed configuration;

[0067] Figure 8 illustrates a perspective view of a dosing apparatus according to another form of the technology in a first configuration;

[0068] Figure 9 illustrates a perspective view of the dosing apparatus shown in Figure 8 in a second configuration; Figure 10 illustrates a side view of a reservoir for use in the dosing apparatus shown in Figure 9; and

[0069] Figure 1 1 illustrates a perspective view of a force distributing device for use in the dosing apparatus shown in Figure 9.

[0070] 6. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EXEMPLARY FORMS OF THE TECHNOLOGY

[0071] 6.1. Dosing Apparatus

[0072] Figures 1 to 11 illustrate a variety of forms of dosing apparatus 100 and their components according to certain forms of the technology. Figures 1 to 2 illustrate one form of dosing apparatus 100, Figures 3 to 7 illustrate a second form of dosing apparatus 100 and Figures 8 to 11 illustrate a third form of dosing apparatus.

[0073] The dosing apparatus 100 according to certain forms of the technology, when assembled, is suitable for preparing one or more doses of a medication, and typically a plurality of doses of medication. In the forms of the technology illustrated in Figures 3 to 11 , the dosing apparatus 100 is configured to prepare three doses of the medication while in the form of the illustrated in Figures 1 to 2, the dosing apparatus 100 is configured to prepare four doses of the medication. These are only examples and in other forms the dosing apparatus 100 may be configured to prepare other numbers of doses of a medication.

[0074] While there are different forms of dosing apparatus 100 described and illustrated, the forms of dosing apparatus 100 all operate based on a principle of a mechanism that simultaneously adjusts an amount of the medication in each of a number of receptacles 6 and uses an indicator to indicate when the amount of medication has been adjusted as desired. The dosing apparatus 100 consequently comprises a mechanism for adjusting the amount of each of the receptacles 6 simultaneously. The indicator comprises a set of graduated markings indicating a patient-related parameter. The graduated markings are calibrated to correspond to a volume of the medication suitable for the patient based on the patient- related parameter.

[0075] In some forms of the technology, for example as shown in Figures 1 to 7, the dosing apparatus 100 operates by expelling excess medication out of the receptacles 6 simultaneously so that the desired dose is left in each of the receptacles 6. In these forms, the dosing apparatus 100 comprises an adjustment mechanism configured to operate to simultaneously expel medication out of each of the receptacles 6. In other forms of the technology, for example as illustrated in Figures 8 to 1 1 , the dosing apparatus 100 operates by drawing the intended dose of medication into each of the receptacles 6 simultaneously. In these forms, the dosing apparatus 100 comprises an adjustment mechanism configured to operate to simultaneously draw medication into each of the receptacles 6. In these forms, the dosing apparatus 100 comprises a reservoir 5 and one or more receptacles, for example three receptacles 6. The reservoir 5 is configured to contain the medication which may be transferred to the receptacles to prepare the corresponding number of doses, e.g. three doses. The medication is transferred from the reservoir 5 to the receptacles through fluid connections, for example conduit 7.

[0076] Further details of the components of the different forms of dosing apparatus 100 are described below.

[0077] 6. 1. 1. Receptacles

[0078] In certain forms of the technology, the dosing apparatus 100 may comprise one or more receptacles 6, each of which is configured to contain a dose of medication. In the exemplary forms of the technology illustrated in Figures 3 to 11 , the dosing apparatus 100 comprises three receptacles 6 and in the form of the technology shown in Figures 1 to 2, the dosing apparatus 100 comprises four receptacles 6. In other forms, the dosing apparatus 100 may comprise other numbers of receptacles 6. There may be one receptacle 6 for each dose of medication the dosing apparatus 100 is configured to prepare. Each receptacle 6 containing a single dose of the medication may make it easy to administer the medication to a patient.

[0079] Each of the receptacles 6 may be any container able to contain medication. In the illustrated forms, each of the receptacles 6 is a syringe. Each syringe comprises a barrel 26 and a plunger 36 respectively. Each barrel 26 further comprises a tip 46 respectively through which the medication may be expelled out of, or drawn into, the syringe 6. In alternative forms, the receptacles may take the form of vials, bottles, pots, tubs or the like.

[0080] In exemplary forms, such as illustrated, the receptacles 6 may be of substantially equal volume in capacity, for example they may be receptacles of equal length and of equal diameter. This may facilitate the preparation of doses of the medication with substantially equal dosage volume and make the dosing apparatus 100 easy to use. In alternative forms, two or more of the receptacles 6 may have different dimensions and / or volumes to each other. After adjusting the amount of the medication in each of the receptacles 6 to prepare doses, each dose may be administered to the patient in turn (and as appropriate for the medication). Any suitable manner of administering the medication may be used including, but not limited to, intravenous, intraosseous, intramuscular, endotracheal, intranasal, oral and / or topical routes. The receptacles 6 may be chosen to have features which make them suitable for administering the dose to the patient through the selected route of administration.

[0081] In the illustrated forms, the dosing apparatus 100 may be configured to prepare doses of adrenaline and the doses may be administered intravenously. Accordingly, the receptacles 6 may be syringes which may be suitable for intravenously administering the adrenaline. For example, the tips 46 of the barrels may be configured to have needles attached thereto.

[0082] In the present specification, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, the term "dose" may refer to a volume of a medication which is suitable for administration to a patient or to a volume of medication which is actually administered to a patient. In some instances of use of a dosing apparatus 100 according to forms of the technology, there may be a difference in the volume of an intended dose of a medication and the actual dose of medication administered to a patient.

[0083] 6. 1.2. Force Distributing Device

[0084] In certain forms, the mechanism for simultaneous adjustment of the amount of medication in each receptacle 6 of the dosing apparatus 100 may comprise a force distributing device 8 configured to facilitate expelling medication out of, or drawing medication into, the receptacles 6. The force distributing device 8 may enable a user to provide a force on all of the receptacles 6 simultaneously to facilitate the transfer of medication.

[0085] In forms of the technology in which the receptacles 6 are in the form of syringes, for example as illustrated in Figures 1 to 1 1, the force distributing device 8 may be configured to be engaged with the plungers 36, in use, to expel the medication out of, or draw the medication into, the receptacles 6 by moving the force distributing device 8 and consequently by moving the plungers into or out of their respective barrels. The force distributing device 8 may be a component able to transfer a force applied in a single location (e.g. by a user pushing or pulling in one location with their hand) to multiple locations (e.g. to multiple syringes). In the forms of the technology illustrated in Figures 1 to 11 , the force distributing device 8 comprises a plate. The plate may comprise a first portion 18 and a second portion 19 attached to the first portion 18. In certain forms, the force distributing device 8 may be a component of unitary construction with the first and second portions integrally connected, e.g. the force distributing device 8 may be moulded as a single component. The second portion 19 may be configured to engage with the plungers 36 of the syringes of the receptacles 6. For example, the second portion 19 may comprise multiple engagement portions 28, each engagement portion 28 being configured to be removably engaged with each plunger 36. In the illustrated forms, the engagement portions 28 comprise surfaces of the force distributing device 8 which are configured to abut against respective portions of the plungers 36, for example the flanges 56 at the end of the plungers 36 distal from the barrels 26. The engagement portions 28 may comprise a suitable interlocking mechanism to engage the plungers to allow simultaneous movement of the syringes. For example, the engagement portions 28 may comprise regions of the force distributing device 8 in which are formed slots. Each slot is suitably sized and shaped to enable a part of one of the plungers 36 to be received in the slot and to thereby enable a moving force to be transmitted to the plunger. For example, when assembled, each engagement portion 28 may be positioned substantially adjacent to one of the plunger flanges 56. In use, the force distributing device 8, through the engagement portion 28 may be configured to apply a force against the plunger flanges 56 when a user applies force on the first portion 18 to push or pull the force distributing device 8 in a direction so that the plungers move into or out of their respective barrels. The force on the plunger flanges 56 causes the plungers 36 to be pushed in or withdrawn, thereby causing an expulsion or suction force in the barrels 26 which expels the medication out of, or draws the medication into, the receptacles 6.

[0086] The force distributing device 8 may allow the plungers 36 to be pushed or pulled substantially simultaneously and at a uniform rate so that doses with substantially equal dosage volume can be formed in the receptacles 6. Simultaneous movement of the plungers 36 may be facilitated by arrangements of the receptacles 6 in which they are arranged in parallel with their respective tips 46 facing in the same direction. In addition to the above, as shown in the illustrated forms, the tips 46 may be substantially aligned with each other. This arrangement means that a force distributing device 8 having a substantially planar form may easily engage with the plungers simultaneously. In alternative forms (not shown in any of the figures), the plungers of the receptacles 6 may be arranged differently and the force distribution device 8 may be shaped so as to complement the arrangement of the plungers, for example if the plungers are arranged in an offset arrangement, the force distribution device may be shaped accordingly. In certain forms, the dosing apparatus 100 may be configured so that the force distributing device 8 may be able to move along a predetermined path in use. In certain forms, the predetermined path along which the force distributing device 8 moves may be substantially parallel to a longitudinal axis of each of receptacles 6 so that, when the force distributing device 8 is moved, the plungers are moved into or out of the respective barrels.

[0087] In certain forms, for example in the illustrated forms of Figures 3 to 1 1, the dosing apparatus 100 further comprises a guiding portion 10 configured to guide the force distributing device 8 along the predetermined path in use. In some forms, such as the forms of Figures 3 to 11 , the guiding portion 10 may be comprised as part of a mounting component 1, which is described in more detail later. The guiding portion 10 may be configured to engage with the force distributing device 8 to maintain the force distributing device 8 on the predetermined path. The guiding portion 10 may extend longitudinally in the direction in which the force distribution device 8 is to be moved in use, e.g. parallel to the orientation of the plungers 26 of the syringes of the receptacles 6. The guiding portion 10 may also maintain the force distributing device 8 in a predetermined angular orientation with respect to the plungers of the receptacles 6 while the force distributing device 8 is moved along the predetermined path. In some forms, that predetermined orientation may be substantially perpendicular to the path, i.e. substantially perpendicular to the orientation and direction of movement of the plungers. In other forms, the predetermined orientation may be at a non-perpendicular angle to this orientation / direction.

[0088] In the forms of the technology shown in Figures 1 to 1 1, the force distributing device 8 comprises one or more male portions and the guiding portion 10 comprises a corresponding number of female portions. In some forms, for example as shown in Figures 3 to 7, the male portions may take the form of elongate members, for example rods, that project outwardly from a planar portion of the force distributing. The elongate members are positioned inside correspondingly shaped and positioned holes in the mounting component 1 that the elongate members may slide in and out of, guiding the movement of the force distributing device 8. In the example of Figures 3 to 7, the force distributing device 8 comprises an elongate member proximal to each lateral end. In the form of Figures 8 to 1 1 , the guiding portion 10 comprises first and second grooves 10 which are configured to receive first and second protrusions 9 respectively of the force distributing device 8 in use. The first and second grooves 10 are substantially linear and parallel to each other and to the longitudinal axes of the receptacles 6. The force distributing device 8 is configured to be moved in the linear pre-determined path which is parallel to the longitudinal axes of the receptacles by moving it in such a way that the first and second protrusions 9 remain engaged with the first and second grooves 10 when the force distributing device 8 is moved to draw the dose of medication into each of the receptacles 6. The length of each of the grooves 10 is at least as long as the stroke length of each of the plungers 36 of the receptacles 6. In other forms (not shown), the force distributing device 8 may comprise one or more female portions and the guiding portion 10 comprises a corresponding number of male portions.

[0089] In some forms, for example in the form of Figures 1 to 2, the guiding of the force distributing device may be achieved by the structure of the plungers 36 and the barrels 26 of the syringes themselves ,and no separate guiding portion may be used.

[0090] While, in the forms of the technology illustrated in the figures, the dosing apparatus 100 comprises a force distributing device 8, in other forms no force distributing device may be present. In such forms, the user may simply engage the plungers 26 of the syringes of the receptacles 6 by hand and push or pull them simultaneously and through the same distance. The dosing apparatus 100 may be operated adequately in these forms, although it may be more susceptible to human error than forms in which there is a force distributing device 8, which may result in unequal doses of the medication being drawn into the receptacles 6.

[0091] 6. 1.3. Reservoir

[0092] In forms of the technology in which the dosing apparatus 100 operates by drawing medication into each of the receptacles 6 simultaneously, for example as illustrated in Figures 8 and 9, the dosing apparatus 100 comprises a reservoir 5. The reservoir 5 may be any container able to contain medication. In some forms, such as the illustrated form, the reservoir 5 is a syringe, which includes a barrel 25 and a plunger 35. The barrel 25 further comprises a tip 45 through which the medication may be drawn into the syringe 5 and / or dispensed out of the syringe 5. In alternative forms, the reservoir may take the form of a vial, bottle, pot, tub or the like.

[0093] In order to prepare "n" number of doses by transferring the medication from the reservoir 5 to the receptacles 6, the reservoir 5 may be configured to contain a volume of medication which is at least equal to the volume of "n" number of doses. In addition, after transferring medication from the reservoir 5 to the receptacles 6, some amount of the medication may remain in the fluid connections between the reservoir 5 and the receptacles 6. Therefore, in forms such as those illustrated, the reservoir 5 may be configured to contain at least a volume of the medication which is equal to the sum of the required number of doses plus the volume of the fluid connections, e.g. conduit 7.

[0094] 6. 1.4. Fluid Connection

[0095] In exemplary forms of the technology, for example as illustrated in Figures 8 and 9, the dosing apparatus 100 may comprise fluid connections configured to fluidly connect the receptacles 6 to the reservoir 5. In some forms, the receptacles 6 may be fluidly connected to the reservoir 5 in parallel, e.g. each of the receptacles 6 may be directly fluidly connected to the reservoir 5.

[0096] Any suitable fluid connection between the reservoir 5 and the receptacles 6 may be provided. In certain forms, for example as illustrated in Figures 8 and 9, the fluid connection may comprise a conduit 7. The conduit 7 may comprise a plurality of individual components in an assembly. For example, in the illustrated forms, the conduit 7 may comprise a reservoir connector 27, a first end of which is configured to be fluidly connected to the tip 45 of the barrel 25 of the reservoir 5. The conduit 7 may further comprise three tubes 37 whose respective first ends are configured to be fluidly connected to receptacle connectors. Each of the receptacles connectors is configured to fluidly connect to respective tips 46 of the barrels of the receptacles. Further, a second end of the reservoir connector 27 is configured to be connected to each second end of the tubes 37, as shown in Figures 8 and 9. In this way, the reservoir 5 is fluidly connected to the receptacles 6 with the receptacles connected in parallel.

[0097] As mentioned previously, in the illustrated forms, the receptacles 6 and the reservoir 5 are syringes. Therefore, when the plungers 36 of the receptacles are withdrawn, a negative pressure (or a suction force) is created in the barrels 26 of the receptacles 6 and medication is drawn into the barrels 26 from the reservoir 5 through the fluid connection. This also causes a negative pressure (or a suction force) in the barrel 25 of the reservoir 5, which causes the plunger 25 of the reservoir 5 to be drawn down further into the barrel with the base of the plunger 25 being in contact with the medication. This may enable a user to read the patient-related parameter which corresponds to the volume level of the medication in the reservoir 5, for example by identifying the graduated marking level with the base of the plunger 25 (such as explained in more detail below).

[0098] The first end of the reservoir connector 27 and the tip 45 may be removably attached to each other. Similarly, each first end of the receptacle connectors may be removably attached to the respective tips 46. This allows the reservoir 5, the receptacles 6 and the conduit 7 to be assembled together and disassembled.

[0099] In certain forms, the connections between the components of the conduit 7, the reservoir 5 and the conduit 7, and the receptacles 6 and the conduit 7 may be fluid-tight to improve accuracy of the doses prepared using the dosing apparatus 100 and to eliminate wastage of the medication.

[0100] In the illustrated forms, the cross-sectional area, length, and / or flow rate (i.e., rate at which the medication flows through a tube) of each of the three tubes 37 may be substantially equal such that a substantially equal volume of the medication, at a uniform rate, is transferred from the reservoir 5 to each of the receptacles 6 during use of the dosing apparatus 100. In alternative forms, the cross-sectional area, length, and / or flow rate of the receptacle portions 37 may differ according to the desired volume of each dose and / or the rate at which each dose of the medication is to be prepared. The dimensions of the receptacle connector 37 may be configured to correspond to the dimensions of the respective receptacles 6 to which the tubes of the receptacle connector 37 are respectively attached to achieve the required dosage volume and dosage preparation rate of each dose.

[0101] 6. 1.5. Indicator

[0102] In exemplary forms of the technology, such as those illustrated in the figures, the dosing apparatus 100 comprises an indicator 15 with a set of graduated markings. The markings may take any suitable form to indicate how an amount of medication in a receptacle (which may be one of the receptacles 6 or, in the form of Figures 8 to 11 , the reservoir 5) corresponds to a parameter that is represented by the graduated markings. For example, the markings may be a set of parallel lines, dots or other markings. The markings may alternatively be markings in the form of physical shapes, such as indents, holes or protrusions. The graduated markings may further comprise a set of values of the parameter arranged to enable the parameter corresponding to the amount of medication in the reservoir 5 to be determined. For example, a value may be provided to each marking, or markings at a regular spacing such as every fifth or tenth marking.

[0103] In some forms, the dosing apparatus 100 may comprise an indicator member 16 configured to adopt a plurality of positions relative to the indicator for ease of reading the represented value of the parameter. In some forms, for example as shown in Figures 1 to 7, the indicator member 16 may extend outwardly from the force distributing device 8 towards the indicator to indicate the parameter. For example, the indicator member 16 may have a first part mounted to the force distributing device and a second part positioned in proximity to the indicator. The indicator member may comprise a rod or other elongate member and, in some forms, the first end of the rod or elongate member may be mounted to the force distributing device and the second end of the rod or elongate member may be positioned in proximity to the indicator. In other forms, for example as shown in Figures 8 and 9, the position of the plunger 35 relative to the barrel 25 may indicate the parameter. The indicator member may comprise an indication marking, for example an arrow or line to assist with reading the indicator. The represented value of the parameter may be indicated by the marking that is pointed at, or level with, the indication marking or the end of the indication member, as the case may be.

[0104] In some forms, for example in the forms of Figures 1 to 7, the markings may be a set of parallel lines marked on a mounting component 1 of the dosing apparatus 100. The markings may be positioned somewhere easily visible to a user, e.g. on an outer-facing surface of the mounting component 1.

[0105] In forms in which the reservoir 5 is a syringe, for example as shown in Figures 8 and 9, the markings may be a set of parallel lines oriented circumferentially around the barrel 25 and along its length. The plunger 35 may be configured to be positioned relative to the graduated markings of the indicator 15 to allow a user to read the value of the parameter which corresponds to volume level of the medication in the reservoir 5. In certain forms, a base of the plunger 35 (which is configured to be in contact with the medication in use) may be configured to indicate the value of the parameter which corresponds to the volume level of the medication in the reservoir 5. The barrel 25 of the reservoir 5 may be substantially transparent or translucent to allow a user to read the value of the parameter relative to the plunger 35. In other forms, the graduated markings may be provided alternatively, or additionally, on the indicator member 16, for example on the rod / elongate member mounted to the force distributing device 8 or on the plunger 35 of the syringe. In the latter example, the marking on the plunger that is in line with an indicator on the barrel 25, or a part of the barrel such as its end, may indicate the relevant value of the parameter.

[0106] In certain forms of the technology, the graduated markings of the indicator 15 indicate a parameter that is patient-related. Examples of suitable patient-related parameters are provided below. The graduated markings are calibrated to correspond to a volume of the medication suitable for the patient based on the patient-related parameter. For example, a suitable volume of medication may be the amount indicated by marking that matches the value of the patient-related parameter for that patient. The patient-related parameter may be any characteristic of a patient suitable to indicate the dose of a medication to be administered to the patient. Exemplary patient-related parameters include, but are not limited to: weight, body area, age, gestational age (in the case of a preterm baby for example), height, body-mass index (BMI), renal function, etc. A suitable dose of medication may be determined from a quantitative measure of such a patient-related parameter. For example, in the case of administering adrenaline to a paediatric patient, a suitable dose is determined based on the weight of the patient. In marking the indicator 15 with this parameter, this avoids the need for a user to calculate the appropriate dose of medication for each patient. Instead, the user can determine an appropriate dose by identifying the marking matching the patient-related parameter of the patient, as will be explained in more detail later.

[0107] In the case of forms of the technology in which excess medication is expelled out of the receptacles 6 to leave the desired dose, such as shown in Figures 1 to 7, the spacing of the graduated markings on the indicator 15 relates to the volume of medication in each receptacle 6 expelled as the indicator is moved from one marking to the next, i.e. if each graduated marking indicates a unit value of the patient-related parameter, the volume of the medication in each receptacle 6 between each pair of successive graduated markings of the indicator 15 is the unit volume of the medication required per unit value of the patient- related parameter.

[0108] In these forms of the technology, for example in the case of the forms of Figures 1 to 7, the indicator 15 may be positioned on the dosing apparatus 100 in an easily visible location, e.g. on and / or alongside the receptacles 6. The values of the graduated markings may increase in the same direction as corresponds to a greater volume of medication in the receptacles 6. In the case that the receptacles 6 are syringes, as shown in Figures 1 to 7, the values may decrease in the direction in which the plunger 35 moves in use, to dispense the medication from the receptacles 6. For instance, where the patient-related parameter is weight, the graduated marking of the maximum weight (which may be 70 kg) may be provided substantially close to the barrel flange 55, and the graduated marking indicating 0 kg may be provided substantially close to the tip 45. In other forms, the values may increase or decrease in either direction and may start from a value other than zero in the relevant unit.

[0109] In the case of forms of the technology in which medication is drawn into the receptacles 6 from the reservoir 5, such as shown in Figures 8 to 1 1, if each graduated marking indicates a unit value of the patient-related parameter, the volume of the medication in the reservoir 5 between each pair of successive graduated markings of the indicator 15 is the unit volume of the medication required per unit value of the patient-related parameter to prepare "n" number of doses. Therefore, in these forms, the distance between successive graduated markings, and correspondingly the volume of the medication in the reservoir 5 between the successive graduated markings depends on the following factors:

[0110] • the number of doses to be prepared; and

[0111] • volume of the medication suitable per unit value of the patient-related parameter.

[0112] In certain exemplary forms of the technology, for example in the illustrated forms, the patient-related parameter is patient weight. In these forms, the indicator 15 has graduated markings in units of patient weight, such as kgs (although other units of weight (or mass) may be used in other forms). An exemplary indicator 15 is illustrated in Figure 10, which shows a reservoir 5 for use in the dosing apparatus 100 of Figures 8 and 9. The indicator 15 of these forms is configured so that the smallest increment in the markings corresponds to a patient weight of 1 kg. In other words, each successive graduated marking shows a value with an increase of 1 kg. For instance, the lowermost graduated marking of the indicator 15 reads 0 kg. The next graduated marking indicates 1 kg (although the number is not indicated on the indicator 15).

[0113] The number of doses to be prepared, in the form of the technology illustrated in Figures 8 to 11 , is three (i.e. there are three receptacles 6 fluidly connected to the reservoir 5). Therefore, the graduated markings are calibrated such that the volume of medication in the reservoir 5 between successive graduated markings is the volume of medication required to be transferred to each of the receptacles 6 to prepare three doses of the medication when the patient's weight is 1 kg. Similarly, the volume of medication that lies between the 0 kg mark and the 10 kg mark is the volume of medication required to be transferred to the receptacles 6 from the reservoir 5 to prepare three doses for a patient weighing 10 kg.

[0114] The indicator may range from zero to an upper amount, for example, the indicator 15 may range from 0 kg to 70 kg. This implies that the reservoir 5 is suitable for preparing doses of the medication for a person whose weight is within the range of 0 kg to 70 kg. This range of weight may be chosen to render the dosing apparatus 100 useful for paediatric use (patients up to 70 kg in weight may be considered to be paediatric patients). In alternative forms, the indicator 15 may have a different range and / or different scale such as is suitable to the intended use and the medication to be administered.

[0115] In the example of weight being the patient-related parameter, the following formula may be used to calibrate the graduated markings of the indicator 15 which ranges from 0 kg to 70 kg: d (mm) z=-

[0116] 70 (kg) where z = the length (in millimetres) of each incremental unit on the graduated markings and d = the total displacement of the plunger 35 (in millimetres) when filled.

[0117] A graduated marking indicating the maximum weight (which may be 70 kg, for example) for which the reservoir 5 contains sufficient volume of the medication to prepare three doses is provided substantially close to the tip 45. The graduated marking indicating 0 kg is provided on the opposite end of the barrel 25, substantially close to a barrel flange 65 of the reservoir 5. In other words, in the illustrated form of Figures 8 to 10, the values of the patient-related parameter increase in a direction inversely compared to the volume of medication in the reservoir 5. Since, in the illustrated form, the reservoir 5 is a syringe, the values of the parameter (in this case, weight) increase in the same direction as the direction in which the plunger 35 moves, in use, to dispense the medication out of the reservoir 5 through the tip 45.

[0118] In an alternative form (not shown in any of the figures), the values of the patient-related parameter (e.g. weight) in the graduated markings may increase the same direction as corresponds to an increase in the volume of medication in the reservoir 5. In the case of a reservoir 5 in the form of a syringe, the values may decrease in the direction in which the plunger 35 moves in use, to dispense the medication from the reservoir 5. For instance, the graduated marking of the maximum weight (which may be 70 kg) may be provided substantially close to the barrel flange 65, and the graduated marking indicating 0 kg may be provided substantially close to the tip 45. In other forms, the values may increase or decrease in either direction and may start from a value other than zero in the relevant unit.

[0119] In any of the described forms, if a patient weighs 20 kg for instance, the plunger 35 of the reservoir 5 may be moved through a distance corresponding to 20 kg on the indicator, e.g. through 20 graduated markings of the indicator 15. In the illustrated form, the value of 20 kg is added to the value of the graduated marking which indicates the volume level of the medication in the reservoir 5 to arrive at the final value for the plunger 35 to be positioned relative to. In an alternative form, the value of 20 kg may be subtracted from the value of the graduated marking which indicates the volume level of the medication in the reservoir 5 to arrive at the final value for the plunger 35 to be positioned relative to. An advantage of the orientation of the graduated markings of the illustrated form of Figure 10 is that initially the reservoir 5 may be filled up to the 0 kg graduated marking. The medication may then be caused to be transferred from the reservoir 5 to the receptacles 6 until the plunger 35 reaches the graduated marking corresponding to the patient-related parameter matching that characteristic of the patient, e.g. until the plunger reaches the marking corresponding to the weight of the patient. For instance, if three doses of the medication are to be prepared for a patient who weighs 20 kg, then the medication may be drawn into the receptacles 6 with the volume level of the reservoir 5 starting at the 0 kg graduated marking until the volume level of the reservoir 5 reads 20 kg. This arrangement is advantageous as it does not require a user to perform calculations, thereby reducing the likelihood of errors being committed.

[0120] In some forms similar to that of Figures 8 to 1 1 , the dosing apparatus 100 may be configured so that the base of the plunger 35 may be located at 0 kg on the indicator when the reservoir 5 is full and no medication has yet been dispensed from the reservoir 5, meaning that the fluid connection between the reservoir 5 and the receptacles 6 (e.g. conduit 7) is also empty of medication. However, once medication is commenced to be dispensed out of the reservoir 5, the medication will first fill the volume in the fluid connection before being dispensed into the receptacles 6. In some forms, the reservoir 5 may initially be filled such that the plunger 35 is moved to a position beyond the graduated marking corresponding to zero dose (e.g. beyond the 0 kg marking) so that the plunger 35 reaches the zero dose marking at the point that medication is first dispensed into the receptacles 6. To facilitate this, the indicator 15 may comprise one or more markings on the other side of the marking corresponding to zero dose (e.g. beyond the 0 kg marking) to account for the volume of the medication that needs to pass through the fluid connection. Therefore, when measuring the value of “d" in the formula above, some clearance may be allowed to account for such marking(s).

[0121] In certain forms of the technology similar to that of Figures 8 to 11 , the volume of the medication in the reservoir 5 for preparing "n" number of doses of the medication for a patient with weight in the range of 0 kg to 70 kg may be calculated using the following formula A: where

[0122] V = volume in the reservoir x — manufacturer recommended medication dose n = number of doses to be prepared t — volume of medication remaining in the conduit. To provide one example of this calculation being put into effect, in one form, the value of "x" may be 0.1 mL / kg of adrenaline, the value of n may be 3 (i.e. there are three receptacles 6), and the value of t may be approximately 0.4 ml (depending on the volume inside the various parts of the fluid connection, e.g. conduit 7). Based on this, the value of the minimum required volume of the reservoir 5 is 21.4 ml in this example.

[0123] A more general formula to calculate the volume of the medication in the reservoir 5 for preparing "n" number of doses of the medication based on a patient's characteristic (such as weight, gestational age, body surface area etc.) is shown below: where y = volume in the reservoir patient1s unique characteristic ( e, weight, gestational age body surface area etc.} n ~ number of doses to be prepared t = volume of fluid connection.

[0124] A commercially available syringe which has a volume-capacity which is equal to (or alternatively greater than) the required volume of the medication (21.4 ml) may be used as the reservoir 5 in the dosing apparatus 100 of Figures 8 to 1 1 . The indicator 15 may be prepared with graduated markings calibrated in the manner described above. The indicator may be provided on a label that is affixed to the syringe 5, or applied on the syringe 5 in another manner, for example direct marking or etching onto the syringe. In some forms, any existing volume markings on the syringe may be erased while, in other forms, the graduated markings of indicator 15 may be provided in addition to any existing markings on the syringe. In alternative forms, the indicator may be provided on a part of the dosing apparatus located next to the reservoir 5, e.g. markings may be provided next to the barrel 25 of the syringe 5.

[0125] 6. 1.6. Stop

[0126] In certain forms, the dosing apparatus 100 may comprise a stop 50 for preventing movement of the mechanism for simultaneously adjusting the amount of medication in the receptacles 6 beyond a limit. In some forms, the stop 50 may be configured to prevent movement of the force distributing device 8 beyond a limit. This may reduce the risk of a user adjusting the amount of medication in the receptacles 6 by an undesired amount, e.g. unintentionally expelling too much or too little medication from the receptacles 6, or unintentionally drawing in too much or too little medication into the receptacles 6. The stop 50 may be a component or assembly or components that is positioned to abut a part of the dosing apparatus 100 that moves when the adjustment mechanism is actuated, for example positioned to abut the force distributing device 8 or a component directly or indirectly mounted thereto.

[0127] Furthermore, forms of the technology may comprise a stop adjustment mechanism to allow the position of stop 50 to be adjusted by a user. The stop 50 may be adjusted in correspondence to the desired dose of medication to be produced in the receptacles 6. In some forms, the stop adjustment mechanism may allow for adjustment of the stop 50 into a plurality of discrete positions. In other forms, the stop adjustment mechanism may allow for adjustment of the stop 50 into a continuous range of positions.

[0128] One exemplary form of stop 50 and stop adjustment mechanism is illustrated in Figures 1 and 2. In this form, the stop 50 comprises an elongate tab and the dosing apparatus 100 comprises a body, for example a mounting component 1 , comprising a plurality of slots 52 into which the stop 50 may be inserted (consequently this stop adjustment mechanism is a type that allows discrete adjustment of the stop 50). In this form of the technology, the dosing apparatus 100 comprises an indicator member 16 extending outwardly from the force distributing device 8 as previously described. The stop 50, slots 52 and indicator member 16 are configured so that, when the stop 50 is inserted into the slots 52, an end of the stop 50 projects outwardly from the respective slot 52 and the end of the stop 50 is positioned in the path of the indicator member 16 such that, when the force distributing device 8 is pushed sufficiently inwardly, the indicator member 16 abuts against the end of the stop 50 and prevents further movement of the force distributing device 8, therefore preventing further expulsion of medication from the receptacles 6. In some forms, such as illustrated, the stop 50 may have a flanged end to limit the distance it can be inserted into the slots 52 to ensure a sufficient amount protrudes outwardly. In other forms, sufficient protuberance of the stop 50 may be achieved by the slots being shorter in length than the stop.

[0129] In the illustrated form, the plurality of slots may be located in positions that correspond to markings of the indicator 15. Consequently, a user may select the desired dose by inserting the stop 50 into the slot indicating that dose. An example of such a position of the stop 50 is shown in Figure 2. This causes the indicator member 16 to abut the stop 50 at the position corresponding to an unexpelled volume of medication in each receptacle 6 that matches the dose shown by the marking of the slot in which the stop is positioned. In other forms, other stop adjustment mechanisms may be used. For example, in some forms, the dosing apparatus 100 may comprise a dial that is able to be turned by the user. The dial may rotate to indicate different values of a patient-related parameter, which corresponds to different dosages, as previously described. For example, in one form, as the dial is rotated, an arrow on the dial may point to different marking on a graduated scale around the dial. In another form, the dial may have a hole formed therein which is positioned to reveal different values of the patient-related parameter marked on a surface behind the dial as the dial is rotated, The dial may be connected to a stop 50 that is configured to move to and fro dependent on rotation of the dial, for example through one or more gears. This stop adjustment mechanism may be a type that allows discrete or continuous adjustment of the stop 50, depending on whether the dial is permitted a continuous range of positions or a discrete number of positions.

[0130] In still further forms, the stop 50 may be connected to a slider that a user is able to move between different positions to select the desired patient-related parameter and consequently the corresponding position of the stop 50. This stop adjustment mechanism may be a type that allows continuous adjustment of the stop 50. The slider may be mounted on a ratchet mechanism in some forms, which may limit the position of the slide to a plurality of discrete positions.

[0131] 6. 1.7. Mounting Component

[0132] The dosing apparatus 100 may further comprise a mounting component 1 to which other components of the dosing apparatus 100, for example the receptacles 6 and, if present (as in the case of the form of Figures 8 to 1 1), reservoir 5 and the fluid connection (e.g. the conduit 7) may be mounted in use. The mounting component 1 may provide a platform on which to assemble all the components of the dosing apparatus 100. This improves ease and convenience of assembling the dosing apparatus. Further, the mounting component 1 may provide an advantage of retaining the mounted components at a fixed location with respect to each other in use. This improves ease and convenience of handling the assembled dosing apparatus 100 in use.

[0133] In some forms, one or more of these components may be directly mounted to the mounting component 1 and, in some forms, one or more of these components may be indirectly mounted to the mounting component 1. For example, in the case of the conduit 7 in the illustrated form of Figures 8 and 9, it is indirectly mounted to the mounting component 1 by virtue of being connected to the reservoir 5 and receptacles 6, and those components being directly mounted to the mounting component 1. In some forms, for example the form shown in Figures 1 and 2, the mounting component 1 may comprise an elongate body around which the receptacles 6 may be mounted. For example, the elongate body may comprise recesses arranged around an outer surface of the elongate body, for example at each corner in the case of Figures 1 and 2 or, in other forms, on each face. The recesses may have a suitable size and shape for receiving the receptacles 6 or part thereof.

[0134] In other forms, for example the form shown in Figures 3 to 7, the mounting component 1 may comprise a frame 60 to which the receptacles 6 may be mounted. The frame 60 may comprise structures or recesses having a suitable size and shape for receiving the receptacles 6 or part thereof. The frame 60 may comprise a stand 62 at one end thereof configured to support the end of the frame 60 in an elevated position relative to the opposite end of the frame when the frame 60 is placed on a flat surface. The frame 60 may be configured such that the receptacles 6 are received by the frame with their open ends (e.g. the tips 46 in the case of syringes) proximate the stand 62 such that the open ends of the receptacles 6 are elevated relative to their opposite ends (e.g. the distal end of the plunger 36 in the case of syringes) when the receptacles 6 are mounted to the mounting component 1 . For example, the receptacles 6 may be in a sloped orientation when received in frame 60 as shown in Figure 3. In this position, the medication may be retained within the receptacles 6 and not pour out due to gravity.

[0135] In certain forms, for example in the form illustrated in Figures 8 and 9, the mounting component 1 may comprise a substantially flat surface to which the reservoir 5 and the receptacles 6 may be mounted. The substantially flat surface may provide easy visibility of the indicator 15 and easy access to the reservoir 5, the receptacles 6 and the force distributing device 8. Further, the substantially flat surface may allow a relatively co-planar arrangement of the components to assemble the dosing apparatus 100 which may improve ease of assembly. In such forms, the mounting component 1 may comprise a board. The board may be formed from a material such that the board is substantially rigid in order to hold the mounted components stably in position. The mounted components may all be mounted to the same side of the board, i.e. one of its flat surfaces.

[0136] In other forms (which are not shown in any of the figures), the mounting component may include a plurality of surfaces which may or may not be co-planar to each other. Further, the plurality of surfaces of the mounting component may be discontinuous. For instance, a first part of the mounting component may secure the reservoir 5 and a second part of the mounting component may secure the receptacles 6. The first part and the second part of the mounting component may be separate to each other. In other forms, the first and second parts may be connected to each other but not co-planar. In certain forms, for example as illustrated in Figures 8 and 9, where the reservoir 5 and the receptacles 6 are formed of syringes, the reservoir 5 and the receptacles 6 may be mounted on the mounting component 1 in an arrangement in which the syringes of the receptacles 6 are oriented upside down relative to the syringe of the reservoir 5. In addition, the reservoir 5 and the receptacles 6 may be arranged so that the tip 45 of the reservoir 5 is proximate the tips 46 of the receptacles 6. This arrangement may enable the fluid connection between the reservoir 5 and the receptacles 6, e.g. the conduit 7, to be relatively short in length and consequently low in volume.

[0137] In certain forms, for example as illustrated in Figures 3 to 9, the receptacles 6 may be arranged adjacent to each other in a row. For example, in forms in which the receptacles 6 are formed of syringes, the barrels 26 of the syringes may be arranged substantially in parallel and with their ends substantially aligned. A uniform arrangement of the receptacles 6 may make the dosing apparatus 100 easy to use quickly, for example it may facilitate the use of a force distributing device to operate the plungers of the syringes of the receptacles 6. In some forms, for example as illustrated in Figures 1 to 9, the receptacles 6 may be arranged substantially parallel with each other and, if a reservoir 6 is present (as in the case of the form of Figures 8 and 9), with the orientation of the reservoir 6, e.g. the barrels of the respective syringes may be substantially parallel to each other. In other forms, the receptacles 6 may be arranged in another manner, for example in a bundle. For example, they may be arranged in a plurality of mutually parallel rows, including with the receptacles in one row being positioned in the troughs in between the receptacles in an adjacent row, i.e. closely packed when viewed end -on.

[0138] In certain forms, for example as illustrated in Figures 1 to 9, each of the receptacles 6 and / or, if present, the reservoir 5 and one or more components of the conduit 7 may be removably attached to the mounting component 1 . This may allow the reservoir 5 to be easily and conveniently detached from the mounting component 1 for re-filing and / or cleaning and attached to the mounting component 1 to reassemble the dosing apparatus 100. Similarly, the removably attached receptacles 6 may allow each of the receptacles 6 to be easily and conveniently detached from the mounting component after the requisite dose is received by the receptacle 6 for administration to the concerned patient. After the dosage is administered and / or after the receptacle 6 is cleaned, it may be re-attached to the mounting component 1.

[0139] In some forms, for example as illustrated in Figures 8 and 9, the mounting component 1 may comprise engaging assemblies 11 and 21 to secure the reservoir 5 to the mounting component 1 . The flange 55 of 1 the barrel 25 of the reservoir 5, or a part of the reservoir 5 proximate thereto, may be secured to the mounting component 1 through the engaging assembly 11 . A neck region of the tip 45 of reservoir 5, or a part of the reservoir 5 proximate thereto, may be secured to the mounting component 1 through the engaging assembly 21.

[0140] In certain forms, for example as illustrated in Figures 1 to 9, the mounting component 1 may comprise engaging assemblies 31 and / or 41 to secure the receptacles 6 to the mounting component 1 . A respective neck region of each of the tips 46, or a part of the receptacle 6 proximate thereto, may be secured to the mounting component 1 through the respective engaging assemblies 31. Each of the receptacles 6 may include a respective barrel flange 55. Each of the barrel flanges 55, or a part of the receptacle 6 proximate thereto, may be secured to the mounting component 1 through the respective engaging assemblies 41.

[0141] In certain forms, the engaging assemblies 1 1, 21 , 31, 41 may comprise pairs of engaging members with each member of the pair being located on a respective side of the sub-component of the reservoir 5 or the sub-component of the receptacle 6 that they are engaged with in use to secure the respective subcomponent to the mounting component 1. In some forms, the engaging assemblies may secure the respective sub-components to the mounting component 1 through a friction fit. For example, as illustrated in Figures 1 to 9, the respective engaging members of the engaging assemblies may be arranged an appropriate distance apart from each other that the respective sub-component is able to fit securely between the engaging members. Some of the engaging members, for example the engaging members forming engaging assemblies 11 and 41, which may engage a flange of a syringe in use, may comprise one or more slits within which the flange of the respective syringe is able to be positioned to hold the sub-component in position. In alternative forms, one or more of the engaging assemblies may be configured to receive the relevant sub-component of the reservoir 5 or the sub-component of the receptacle 6 in a snap-fit connection. The engaging members of the engaging assemblies may comprise one or more protrusions that extend outwardly from the surface of the mounting component 1 . The protrusions may be mounted to the mounting component 1 , for example by an adhesive or a fastener, or the protrusions may be integrally formed with the mounting component 1 , for example formed as part of the same moulded component as the mounting component 1 .

[0142] In certain forms, for example as shown in Figures 3 to 6, 8 and 9, one of the engaging members of one engaging assembly may be formed together with an engaging member of another one of the engaging assemblies. A similar arrangement may also apply to another pair of engaging members. The dosing apparatus 1 may, in certain forms, comprise a housing 70 for housing at least some of the components of the dosing apparatus 1 , for example the receptacles 6. In some examples, the housing 70 may house all of the components of the dosing apparatus 1. In some forms, some or all parts of the housing 70 may be distinct from the parts of the dosing apparatus 1 described so far. In other forms, one or more parts of the dosing apparatus 1 described so far may form part of the housing 70. For example, the force distributing device 8 may form part of the housing in the case of the illustrated forms. In the case of the form shown in Figures 5 to 7, the housing 70 may comprise the frame 60. In addition, or alternatively, the stand 62 may form part of the housing 70, for example the stand 62 may be containershaped and may surround the tips 46 of the syringes when folded up. In some forms, for example in the case of the forms of Figures 3 to 9, the mounting component 1 may be comprised as part of the housing 70. As shown in Figures 6 and 7 by way of example, in some forms, the dosing apparatus 100 may be able to be arranged in a housed configuration in which the housing 70 may entirely house the receptacles.

[0143] In certain forms similar to the form shown in Figures 8 and 9, the mounting component 1 may comprise a rim around an outer edge of one surface. The rim may be sufficiently upstanding from the planar surface of the mounting component 1 that it extends above the height of some or all of the components mounted to the mounting component 1. The rim may facilitate the positioning of a cover (not shown in the figures) over the components of the dosing apparatus 100 mounted to the mounting component 1 , for example the cover may extend across the top of the rim. In this way, components of the dosing apparatus 100 may be able to housed inside a housing comprised of the mounting component 1 and the cover. This may enable a dosing apparatus 100 that has been pre-prepared for use (i.e. with medication contained in the reservoir 5) to be supplied, for example to clinics, hospitals and the like. The contents of the dosing apparatus 100 may be able to be sterilised and the housing may be configured to maintain the contents in a sterile state, e.g. the housing maybe hermetically sealed.

[0144] The housing 70 may be configured such that it may house the receptacles 6 (in the case of the forms that operate by expelling excess medication out of the receptacles 6) or the reservoir 5 (in the case of the forms that operate by drawing the intended dose of medication into the receptacles 6) in their preprepared configuration, e.g. in the case of syringes, with their plungers extended. This may be the configuration of the dosing apparatus 100 prior to preparation of the doses of medication and may therefore be the configuration in which the dosing apparatus 100 is transported and supplied to its location of use. 6. 1.8. Medication Capture Portion

[0145] The dosing apparatus 100 may, in some forms, comprise a medication capture portion 80 configured to capture medication expelled from the plurality of receptacles 6 during preparation of the doses of medication. The presence of a medication capture portion 80 may be particularly relevant to forms of the technology, such as those shown in Figures 1 to 7, in which the dosing apparatus 100 operates by expelling excess medication out of the receptacles 6 to prepare the desired doses.

[0146] In some forms, the medication capture portion 80 may comprise a container-shaped portion configured to catch and retain medication falling into it under gravity from the receptacles 6, for example the medication capture portion 80 may be a cup-shaped recess in another component. In some forms, the medication capture portion 80 may comprise a part of housing 70. In the case of the form of Figures 1 and 2, the housing (not shown) may comprise a medication capture portion 80 in the form of a tray within which the assembly comprised of the receptacles 6 and the mounting component 1 (i.e. the illustrated components) may be placed. Any medication expelled from the tips of the receptacles 6 may be captured in the tray. In another example, for example as shown in Figures 3 to 7, the housing 70 may comprise a portion that surrounds the tips 46 of the receptacles 6 when the dosing apparatus 100 is in a housed configuration and that portion may unfold to form a container-shaped portion (e.g. in a cup or trough shape) positioned below the tips 46 of the receptacles 6 when they are mounted in the mounting component 1.

[0147] Furthermore, in some forms (as in the case of the form shown in Figures 3 to 7), the medication capture portion 80 may also function as a stand 62 such as described earlier.

[0148] In the form of Figures 3 to 7, the medication capture portion 80 may be configured to unfold (such as shown in Figure 6) in order to assist with moving the medication capture portion 80 between a configuration in which it is positioned below the tips of the receptacles 6 and functions as a stand, and a configuration in which it houses the tips of the receptacles 6.

[0149] In certain forms of the technology, the medication capture portion 80 may comprise a fluid-absorbing body. The fluid absorbing body may be positioned relative to other components of the dosing apparatus 100, for example within the housing 70, such that an medication expelled from the receptacles 6 might come into contact with the fluid-absorbing body. For example, the fluid-absorbing body may be positioned within, e.g. at the bottom of, the aforementioned container-shaped portion or tray. The fluid- absorbing body may be formed from any suitable fluid-absorbing material, e.g. fabric, sponge, sodium polyacrylate, terry cloth (towelling), etc.

[0150] 6. 1.9. Time Display Device

[0151] In certain forms, the dosing apparatus 100 may further comprise a time display device. The time display device may be positioned in a visible position on the dosing apparats 100, for example mounted to the mounting component 1 , such that a user of the dosing apparatus 100 may be able to monitor the passage of time. This may help the user to keep track of when the next dose is to be administered. In the forms of Figures 3 to 9, the time display device may be mounted to the same side of the mounting component 1 as the other components of the dosing apparatus and positioned with a good level of visibility to a user.

[0152] 6. 1. 10. Labels

[0153] In certain forms, the dosing apparatus 100 may comprise one or more labels configured to facilitate use of the apparatus. For example, in certain forms the dosing apparatus 100 may further comprise one or more dose labels which numbers each of the "n" number of doses. The dose label may label one receptacle 6 with the number "1", the adjacent receptacle 6 with the number "2", and the next receptacle 6 with the number "3". Between the labels "1" and "2", and "2" and "3", the dose label may indicate a recommended time interval between administration of subsequent doses. This indicated time interval of the dose label, together with the time display device may be advantageous in enabling a user to keep track of time between the doses and to prompt them to administer the subsequent dose.

[0154] The dose label may be provided on the dosing apparatus 100 below the receptacles 6, e.g. on the mounting component 1. In alternative forms, the dose label may be provided at any location, on the mounting component 1 or on another part of the dosing apparatus 100, where the information of the dose label is visible to a user and the information related to each receptacle 6 is conveyed to the user. The dose label may be a continuous label or it may comprise multiple sub-labels.

[0155] The dosing apparatus 100 may further comprise a medication label which provides information related to the medication, for example the name and / or type of the medication, concentration of the medication, the prescribed dosage ratio with respect to the patient-related parameter, and / or the manner in which the medication is to be administered. The medication label may be located anywhere on the mounting component 1 or on another part of the dosing apparatus 100, for example at a location which provides an unobstructed view of the information provided by the medication label. In some forms, the medication label may be located on the mounting component 1, to the side of the reservoir 5.

[0156] The dosing apparatus 100 may further comprise a patient-related parameter label which may provide information related to which patient-related parameter the graduated markings of the indicator 15 are calibrated to, and / or to indicate to a user to look at the indicator 15 to read the value of the patient- related parameter when drawing the medication into the receptacles 6. The patient-related parameter label may be located anywhere on the mounting component 1 or on another part of the dosing apparatus 100, for example at a location which provides unobstructed view of the information provided by the patient-related parameter label. For example, the patient-related parameter label may be located on the mounting component 1, to the side of the reservoir 5 (which may be the opposite side of the reservoir 5 from the medication label 2).

[0157] 6.2. Medication

[0158] A dosing apparatus 100 in accordance with certain forms of the technology may be able to be used with a variety of medications. Examples of medications that may be used in the dosing apparatus 100 are, but are not limited to:

[0159] • Sympathomimetic (in resuscitation) such as, but not limited to, adrenaline and noradrenaline;

[0160] • Anti-arrhytmic (to treat heart conditions) such as, but not limited to, amiodarone, lignocaine;

[0161] • Fibrinolytic (to treat strokes) such as, but not limited to, alteplase;

[0162] • Anticoagulant (to treat blood clots) such as, but not limited to, heparin;

[0163] • Cytotoxic / chemotherapy (to treat cancer) such as, but not limited to, cytarabine;

[0164] • Electrolyte / mineral (to treat electrolyte disturbance) such as, but not limited to, potassium, calcium; and

[0165] • IV contrast (in CT scan) such as, but not limited to, amidotrizoate meglumine.

[0166] The dosing apparatus 100 may be adapted to be used with different medications by altering any one or more of: the capacity of the reservoir 5 and / or receptacles 6, the indicator 15, the number of receptacles 6, and / or the labels. While the exemplary medications indicated above are medications suitable for human patients, forms of the technology are not limited to medications for humans. In some forms of the technology, the medication may be suitable for veterinary use. In such forms, the receptacles 6 may also be suited for veterinary use.

[0167] 6.3. Assembly Method

[0168] There will now be described exemplary methods to assemble the components of a dosing apparatus 100 according to certain forms of the technology.

[0169] In the case of the forms in which the dosing apparatus 100 operates by expelling excess medication out of the receptacles 6 simultaneously so that the desired dose is left in each of the receptacles 6, for example as shown in Figures 1 to 7, the receptacles 6 are at least partially filled with medication. They are then mounted to the mounting component 1 , for example by mounting the neck region of the tip 45 to the pair of engaging members 21 and the barrel flange 55 to the pair of engaging members 1 1. The receptacles 6 may be filled with as much medication as may be necessary in the majority or substantially all cases of administration of the medication. This is because the apparatus is configured so that a dose can be easily prepared by expelling medication from the receptacles 6 to arrive at the correct dosage, but it is more difficult to add more medication to the receptacles.

[0170] The indicator 15 is configured dependent on the nature of the medication and the patient-related parameter. The appropriate values of the patient-related parameter are marked on the graduated scale of the indicator 15 based on the location of the indicator member 16 and the amount of medication in the receptacles 6 when the indicator member 16 is in that position.

[0171] In the case of forms of the technology in which the dosing apparatus 100 operates by drawing the intended dose of medication into each of the receptacles 6 simultaneously, for example as shown in Figures 8 and 9, the minimum volume of the medication required to be contained in the reservoir 5 to prepare "n" number of doses of the medication may be calculated. In one form, the dosing apparatus 100 may be used to prepare three doses of adrenaline for paediatric use based on the weight of the patient. The maximum weight of paediatric patient may be considered to be 70 kg. In this case, the maximum volume of the medication is the volume of medication required to prepare three doses of the medication for a patient weighing 70 kg. The minimum volume of the reservoir 5 to contain the required volume of the medication may be calculated using formula A as provided earlier. As explained earlier, in one application of this formula the value of the minimum required volume of the reservoir 5 may be calculated to be 21.4 ml. Consequently, a syringe having a volume-capacity of at least 21 .4 ml may be selected for use as the reservoir 5.

[0172] The indicator 15 of the reservoir 5 may be prepared by marking the lower most value and the upper most value of a range of a patient-related parameter on the body of the barrel 25 of the reservoir 5. The lower most value may be marked, on the body of the barrel 25, substantially close to the base of the plunger 25 while leaving sufficient clearance for the volume of the medication that may need to pass through the conduit 7 before medication is dispensed into the receptacles 6. The upper most value may be marked on the body of the barrel 25, substantially close to the tip 45.

[0173] As mentioned, in exemplary forms such as illustrated, the dosing apparatus 100 may be used to prepare doses of adrenaline for paediatric use based on the weight of the patient. The maximum weight of a paediatric patient may be considered to be 70 kg. The minimum value of weight may be 0 kg. Therefore, 0 kg may be marked substantially close to the base of the plunger 25, on the body of the barrel 25, while leaving sufficient clearance for marking(s) on the other side of the 0 kg marking. Also, 70 kg may be marked on the body of the barrel 25, substantially close to the tip 45. Next, the value of "d", which is the distance between the 0 kg mark and the 70 kg mark, may be measured. The value of "z" which is the distance between the intermediate graduated markings of patient weight (in kgs) between the 0 kg mark and the 70 kg mark may be determined using formula B as set our earlier. Based on the value of "z", the graduated markings between 0 kg and 70 kg may be marked on the barrel 15.

[0174] The reservoir 5 may be at least partially filled with medication and then mounted to the mounting component 1 , for example by mounting the neck region of the tip 45 to the pair of engaging members 21 and the barrel flange 55 to the pair of engaging members 1 1 .

[0175] The fluid connection may be fluid connected to the reservoir 5, for example the reservoir connector 27 of the conduit 7 may be attached to the tip 45.

[0176] Suitable receptacles 6 may be selected and mounted to the mounting component 1 . For example, receptacles 6 which each have enough capacity to contain a dose of the medication for a 70 kg patient (the maximum weight of patient suitable for the medication in this example) are selected. The respective neck region of each tip 46 may be secured to the respective pair of engaging members 31, and each barrel flange 55 may be secured to the respective pair of engaging members 41 to mount the receptacles 6 to the mounting component 1.

[0177] The fluid connection may be fluid connected to the receptacles 6, for example each tube of the receptacle connector 37 may be respectively connected to the tip 46 of each receptacle 6.

[0178] The exemplary assembly method may further comprise a step of engaging the force distributing device 8 to the plungers 36. Each of the engagement portions 28 of the force distributing device 8 may be engaged respectively to each of the plungers 36.

[0179] The exemplary assembly method may further comprise a step of mounting the time display device to the mounting component 1. Further, one or more labels (such as the examples described earlier) may be attached to the dosing apparatus 100.

[0180] As a final step in the assembly method, the components may be placed inside a housing 70.

[0181] 6.4. Dose Preparation Method

[0182] There will now be described steps of exemplary methods 200 for preparing medication for administration to a patient. In the exemplary method doses of a medication (adrenaline, for instance) are prepared using the dosing apparatus 100 with the dosage volume of each dose being determined by the patient's weight

[0183] Firstly, the patient's weight may be measured. For instance, the patient's weight may be determined to be 26 kg.

[0184] Next, the plungers of the receptacles 6 may be moved simultaneously so as to adjust the amount of medication in the receptacles 6. In the case of some forms, the plungers 36 are simultaneously pushed into their respective barrels 55 in order to expel medication out of the receptacles 6. In the case of other forms, the plungers 36 may be simultaneously pulled out of their respective barrels 55 in order to cause medication to be drawn out of the reservoir 5 and into the receptacles 6. For example, the force distributing device 8 may be moved to push or pull the plungers out of their respective barrels in a uniform manner. In some forms, force may be applied by a clinician on the first portion 18 of the force distributing device 8 to pull the plungers 36 substantially towards or away from the respective tips 46. In the case of the forms in which medication is expelled out of the receptacles 6, the medication is pushed out of the tips of the receptacles 6 and may, in some forms, be caught by the medication capture portion. In the case of the forms in which medication is drawn into the receptacles 6, the withdrawal of the plungers 36 out of the respective barrels 55 causes a negative pressure or a suction force in the barrels 55. This causes the medication in the reservoir 5 to start flowing into the barrels 55 through the conduit 7. As the medication is drawn out of the reservoir 7, it causes a negative pressure or suction force in the barrel 25. The plunger 35 is drawn substantially towards the tip 45 in response to the negative pressure in the barrel 55A, 55B, 55C. The displacement of the plunger 35 along the length of the body of the barrel 25 depends on the volume of the medication which is drawn out of the barrel 25 of the reservoir 5.

[0185] While continuing to apply the force on the force distributing device 8, the clinician monitors the indicator

[0186] 15, for example the clinician may monitor movement of the indicator 15 relative to the indicator member

[0187] 16. In the example of Figures 8 and 9, this may be the base of the plunger 35 which continues to move towards the tip 45 as the medication in the barrel 25 flows out to the receptacles 6. The value of the graduated marking against which the indicator member 16 is located at any given point is the value of the weight for which the doses are prepared. For instance, if the indicator member 16 is positioned against a graduated marking with a value of 8 kg, then each of the receptacles 6 are loaded with doses suitable for administration to a patient weighing 8 kg.

[0188] In the exemplary method, the clinician may continue to exert force on the force distributing device 8 to expel or draw the medication out of or into the receptacles 6 as long as the base of the plunger 35 does not reach the graduated marking of 26 kg (corresponding to the weight of the patient in this example, or more generally up to the relevant patient-related parameter).

[0189] Then, the clinician may stop applying force on the force distributing device 8 when the indicator member 16 reaches the relevant graduated marking, e.g. the marking of 26 kg. This terminates adjustment of the medication in the receptacles 6. At this point, each of the receptacles 6 would contain a dose of the medication suitable for administering to the patient having the relevant patient-related parameter, e.g. weighing 26 kg.

[0190] Next, the clinician may dismount one of the receptacles 6 from the rest of the dosing apparatus. For example, the clinician may first disengage the force distributing device 8 from the plungers 36. Then the clinician may dismount the receptacle 6 from the mounting component 1 for administering a dose of the medication to the patient. In some forms, the clinician may take further steps to prepare the receptacle for administering the medication to the patient, for example the clinician may attach a needle to the tip of the syringe. The dose may then be administered to the patient.

[0191] Further, the preparation method may comprise a step of identifying the recommended time interval between the administration of successive doses and / or monitoring passage of time on the time display device to keep track of when the next dose is to be administered. At that time, another receptacle 6 may be disengaged from the dosing apparatus and the dose of medication administered to the patient. This cycle may continue as many times as there are receptacles, or until the clinician determines that no further medication is required.

[0192] 6.5. Other Remarks

[0193] Unless the context clearly requires otherwise, throughout the description and the claims, the words "comprise", "comprising", and the like, are to be construed in an inclusive sense as opposed to an exclusive or exhaustive sense, that is to say, in the sense of "including, but not limited to".

[0194] The entire disclosures of all applications, patents and publications cited above and below, if any, are herein incorporated by reference.

[0195] Reference to any prior art in this specification is not, and should not be taken as, an acknowledgement or any form of suggestion that that prior art forms part of the common general knowledge in the field of endeavour in any country in the world.

[0196] The technology may also be said broadly to consist in the parts, elements and features referred to or indicated in the specification of the application, individually or collectively, in any or all combinations of two or more of said parts, elements or features.

[0197] Where in the foregoing description reference has been made to integers or components having known equivalents thereof, those integers are herein incorporated as if individually set forth.

[0198] It should be noted that various changes and modifications to the presently preferred embodiments described herein will be apparent to those skilled in the art. Such changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the technology and without diminishing its attendant advantages. It is therefore intended that such changes and modifications be included within the present technology.

Claims

7. CLAIMS1 . A dosing apparatus for preparing a plurality of doses of a medication for administration to a patient, the dosing apparatus comprising: a plurality of receptacles; a mechanism for simultaneously adjusting an amount of the medication in each receptacle of the plurality of receptacles; and an indicator comprising a set of graduated markings indicating a patient-related parameter, wherein the graduated markings are calibrated to correspond to a volume of the medication suitable for the patient based on the patient-related parameter.

2. The dosing apparatus of claim 1, wherein the patient-related parameter is weight, gestational age, height or body surface area.

3. The dosing apparatus of any one of claims 1 to 2, wherein the plurality of receptacles are arranged adjacent to each other in one or more rows.

4. The dosing apparatus of any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein each of the receptacles is a syringe comprising a barrel and a plunger.

5. The dosing apparatus of claim 4, wherein the mechanism comprises a force distributing device configured to be engaged with the plungers of the plurality of syringes to expel the medication out of, or to draw the medication into, the plurality of syringes by moving the force distributing device.

6. The dosing apparatus of claim 5, wherein the force distributing device comprises a plate, wherein a first portion of the plate is configured to be handled by a user during use, and a second portion of the plate is configured to engage with the plungers of the plurality of syringes.

7. The dosing apparatus of any one of claims 5 to 6, wherein the dosing apparatus comprises an indicator member having a part mounted to the force distributing device and having a second part positioned in proximity to the indicator to indicate the patient-related parameter.

8. The dosing apparatus of any one of claims 5 to 7, wherein the dosing apparatus comprises a stop for preventing movement of the force distributing device beyond a limit.

9. The dosing apparatus of claim 8, wherein the dosing apparatus comprises a stop adjustment mechanism to allow the position of the stop to be adjusted by a user.

10. The dosing apparatus of any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the dosing apparatus comprises a medication capture portion to capture medication expelled from the plurality of receptacles.

11. The dosing apparatus of claim 10, wherein the dosing apparatus comprises a housing to house the plurality of receptacles and the medication capture portion comprises a part of the housing.

12. The dosing apparatus of any one of claims 10 to 11, wherein the medication capture portion comprises a container-shaped portion of the housing.

13. The dosing apparatus of any one of claims 10 to 12, wherein the medication capture portion comprises a fluid-absorbing body.

14. The dosing apparatus of any one of claims 1 to 13, wherein the dosing apparatus further comprises a reservoir configured to contain the medication, wherein the plurality of receptacles are fluidly connected to the reservoir in parallel to permit transfer of a dose of the medication from the reservoir to each of the plurality of receptacles, wherein the reservoir comprises the indicator.

15. The dosing apparatus of claim 14, wherein the reservoir is a syringe comprising a barrel and a plunger.

16. The dosing apparatus of claim 15, wherein the barrel comprises the indicator and a position of the plunger relative to the indicator indicates the volume of the medication in the barrel.

17. A method for assembling a dosing system for preparing one or more doses of a medication for administration to a patient, the method comprising the steps of: marking a reservoir with an indicator comprising a set of graduated markings indicating a patient-related parameter, wherein the graduated markings are calibrated to correspond to a volume of the medication suitable for the patient based on the patient-related parameter; andfluidly connecting the reservoir to one or more receptacles to permit transfer of a dose of the medication from the reservoir to each of the one or more receptacles.

18. A method for preparing one or more doses of a medication for administration to a patient, the method comprising the steps of: measuring a value of a patient-related parameter of the patient; initiating simultaneous adjustment of an amount of the medication in a plurality of receptacles; identifying a target marking on an indicator, the indicator comprising a set of graduated markings indicating the patient-related parameter, the graduated markings being calibrated to correspond to a volume of the medication suitable for the patient based on the patient-related parameter; and terminating adjustment of the medication in the plurality of receptacles when the indicator indicates the value of the patient-related parameter of the patient.

19. The method according to claim 18, wherein the method further comprises monitoring a position of an indicator member relative to the graduated markings of the indicator.

20. The method according to claim 19, wherein the step of terminating adjustment of the medication in the plurality of receptacles comprises terminating adjustment when the indicator member indicates the target marking.

21. The method according to any one of claims 19 or 20, wherein the step of terminating adjustment of the medication in the plurality of receptacles comprises terminating adjustment when the indicator member abuts a stop.

22. The method according to any one of claims 18 to 21, wherein the step of initiating adjustment of the medication in the plurality of receptacles comprises moving a plunger of each of the plurality of receptacles relative to a respective barrel.

23. The method according to claim 22, wherein the step of initiating adjustment of the medication in the plurality of receptacles further comprises applying force to a force distributing device which is configured to engage with the plungers of the plurality of receptacles.

24. The method according to any one of claims 22 to 23, wherein the step of initiating adjustment of the medication in the plurality of receptacles further comprises causing the plungers of the plurality of receptacles to be pushed into the respective barrels.

25. The method according to any one of claims 22 to 23, wherein the step of initiating adjustment of the medication in the plurality of receptacles further comprises causing the plungers of the plurality of receptacles to be drawn out of the respective barrels.

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