Routing system for multiple detector intoxicant detection system

Abstract

Embodiments herein relate to dual detector intoxicant detection devices and related methods. In an embodiment, a breath detection device can include a first breath inflow part defining a first breath inflow opening. The first breath inflow can be configured to receive a first breath sample. The breath detection device can further include a first detector operable to detect a level of alcohol in the first breath sample, a first pump positioned downstream of the first detector, and a second breath inflow part defining a second breath inflow opening. The second breath inflow opening can be configured to receive a second breath sample. The breath detection device can further include a second detector operable to detect a level of cannabis in the second breath sample, and a second pump positioned downstream of the second detector.

Description

[0001] ROUTING SYSTEM FOR MULTIPLE DETECTOR INTOXICANT DETECTION SYSTEM

[0002] This application is being filed as a PCT International Patent application on February 24, 2025 in the name of Consumer Safety Technology, LLC, a U.S. national corporation, applicant for the designation of all countries, and James Braunschweig, a U.S. Citizen, Evan Rashied Darzi, a U.S. Citizen, Elizabeth Youngwirth, a U.S. Citizen, and Kevin D. Kauffold, a U.S. Citizen, inventors for the designation of all countries, and claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 557,767 filed February 26, 2024, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in its entirety.

[0003] Field

[0004] Embodiments herein relate generally to dual detector intoxicant detection devices, and more specifically to breath routing path configurations for multiple detector intoxicant detection devices.

[0005] Background

[0006] Breath alcohol detection devices are used to measure an amount of alcohol in a user’s breath. It is known that concentration of alcohol in a user’s breath is closely proportional to the concentration of alcohol in the user’s blood, which is typically the basis upon which intoxication is legally determined. Generally, a user blows into a mouthpiece of an alcohol detection device and a breath path is configured to transport at least a portion of the breath sample to a sensing element of the detection device. The capability to detect an amount of phenolic cannabinoid, such as tetrahydrocannabinol, in a user’s breath, would be valuable for law enforcement, employers, and accountability partners. The concentration of phenolic cannabinoid in a user’s breath typically correlates with recent use of cannabinoid products, such as marijuana.

[0007] Summary

[0008] In an embodiment, a breath detection device is included having a first breath inflow part defining a first breath inflow opening, wherein the first breath inflow opening is configured to receive a first breath sample, a first detector operable to detect a level of alcohol in the first breath sample, a first pump positioned downstream of the first detector, a second breath inflow part defining a second breath inflow opening, wherein the second breath inflow opening is configured to receive a second breath sample, a second detector operable to detect a level of cannabis in the second breath sample, and a second pump positioned downstream of the second detector.

[0009] In an embodiment, can further include: a control module operable to: prompt a user to provide the first breath sample and the second breath sample, determine the level of alcohol in the first breath sample with the first detector, and determine the level of cannabis in the second breath sample with the second detector.

[0010] In an embodiment, the second breath sample includes one or more breaths provided by a user.

[0011] In an embodiment, the one or more breaths are collected in an accumulator prior to entering the second detector.

[0012] In an embodiment, can further include a first breath conduit part defining a first breath path and a second breath conduit part defining a second breath path, wherein the first detector is connected to the first conduit part and the second detector is connected to the second breath conduit part.

[0013] In an embodiment, the first breath path is configured to route the first breath sample to the first detector, and wherein the second breath path is configured to route the second breath sample to the second detector.

[0014] In an embodiment, the breath detection device can further include a flow restriction positioned within the first breath path or positioned within the second breath path, wherein the flow restriction is configured to restrict flow through the first breath path or second breath path.

[0015] In an embodiment, the breath detection device can further include a first pressure sensor operable to detect a first pressure of the first or second breath sample positioned upstream of the flow restriction and a second pressure sensor operable to detect a second pressure of a breath sample positioned downstream of the flow restriction, wherein the breath detection device is configured to determine a time for sampling the first or second breath sample based on outputs of the first pressure sensor and the second pressure sensor..

[0016] In an embodiment, can further include a first valve configured to direct the second breath sample to the second detector.

[0017] In an embodiment, can further include a second valve configured to direct the first breath to the first detector.

[0018] In an embodiment, wherein each of the first detector and the second detector include a fuel cell. In an embodiment, a breath detection device is included having a first detector operable to detect a level of alcohol in the first breath sample, and a second detector operable to detect a level of cannabis in the second breath sample, wherein the second detector is operated after a level of alcohol in the first breath sample detected by the first detector is at or below an alcohol threshold.

[0019] In an embodiment, can further include: a control module operable to: prompt a user to provide the first breath sample, determine the level of alcohol in the first breath sample with the first detector, prompt the user to provide the second breath sample if the level of alcohol in the first breath sample is at or below the alcohol threshold, and determine the level of cannabis in the second breath sample with the second detector.

[0020] In an embodiment, the alcohol threshold is 0.01 percent.

[0021] In an embodiment, a breath detection device is included having a first fuel cell operable to detect a level of alcohol in a user’s breath, and a second fuel cell operable to detect a level of cannabis in the user’s breath.

[0022] In an embodiment, can further include: a control module operable to: prompt the user to provide a first breath sample, route a middle portion of the first breath sample to the first fuel cell and route the remainder of the first breath sample to the second fuel cell, determine the level of alcohol in the user’s breath with the first fuel cell, and determine the level of cannabis in the user’s breath with the second fuel cell.

[0023] In an embodiment, can further include a valve configured to direct the middle portion of the first breath sample to the first fuel cell and the remainder of the first breath sample to the second fuel cell.

[0024] In an embodiment, can further include a pump positioned downstream of the first fuel cell and the second fuel cell, wherein the pump is operable for a first period of time to route the middle portion of the first breath sample to the first fuel cell, wherein the pump is further operable for a second period of time to route the remainder of the first breath sample to the second fuel cell.

[0025] In an embodiment, the second fuel cell is positioned downstream of the first fuel cell.

[0026] In an embodiment, can further include a pump positioned downstream of the second fuel cell, wherein the pump is operable for a period of time to route the user’s breath through the first fuel cell and the second fuel cell. Brief Description of the Figures

[0027] Aspects may be more completely understood in connection with the following figures (FIGS.), in which:

[0028] FIG. l is a schematic view of a dual detector intoxicant detection device in accordance with various embodiments herein.

[0029] FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a dual detector intoxicant detection device in accordance with various embodiments herein.

[0030] FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a dual detector intoxicant detection device in accordance with various embodiments herein.

[0031] FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a dual detector intoxicant detection device in accordance with various embodiments herein.

[0032] FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a dual detector intoxicant detection device in accordance with various embodiments herein.

[0033] FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a dual detector intoxicant detection device in accordance with various embodiments herein.

[0034] FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a dual detector intoxicant detection device in accordance with various embodiments herein.

[0035] FIG. 8 is a method of detecting intoxicants in a user’s breath in accordance with various embodiments herein.

[0036] FIG. 9 is a method of detecting intoxicants in a user’s breath in accordance with various embodiments herein.

[0037] FIG. 10 is a method of detecting intoxicants in a user’s breath in accordance with various embodiments herein.

[0038] FIG. 11 is a computerized multiple detector intoxicant detection system in accordance with various embodiments herein.

[0039] While embodiments are susceptible to various modifications and alternative forms, specifics thereof have been shown by way of example and drawings and will be described in detail. It should be understood, however, that the scope herein is not limited to the particular aspects described. On the contrary, the intention is to cover modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope herein. Detailed Description

[0040] Embodiments herein relate to breath routing paths for multiple detector intoxicant detection devices, such as dual detector intoxicant detection devices, where a first detector detects a first substance, and a second detector detects a second substance. In various embodiments, the first detector can be configured to detect a level of alcohol, such as ethanol, present in a user’s breath. The second detector can be configured to detect a level of cannabis, such as tetrahydrocannabinol, present in a user’s breath. It is herein contemplated that a variety of cannabis metabolites or compounds can be analyzed by a cannabis sensing detectors. Cannabis metabolites and compounds can include, but are not limited to, cannabinoids, phenolic cannabinoids, A9-tetrahydrocannabinol (A9-THC), A8- tetrahydrocannabinol (A8-THC), cannabinol (CBN), cannabidiol (CBD), 11 -hydroxy- A9- THC (11-OH-THC), anandamide (arachidonyl ethanol ami de), cannabichromene, and (-)A8-THC-l l-oic acid).

[0041] It is noted that having a first detector and a second detector present in the detection device can provide several benefits in various embodiments. First, in various embodiments, two detectors allow for both alcohol and cannabis to be measured in a single testing period. Second, in various embodiments, testing for alcohol and cannabis requires only a single device. Third, in various embodiments, testing for both alcohol and cannabis can be accomplished in a single test thereby saving time. Further, in various embodiments, accurate test results related to a user’s alcohol levels and cannabis levels can be achieved because the testing is accomplished at a single point in time.

[0042] In various embodiments, the detection device can include a valve for directing the sample to a first detector. In various embodiments, the valve is further configured to prevent the sample from going to the first detector after the portion of the user’s breath is received by the first detector. In various embodiments, a second valve can be provided in the detection device and can direct a remainder of a sample to a second detector.

[0043] In various embodiments, the dual detector intoxicant detection device can include a control module electrically connected to the first detector and the second detector. The control module can be configured to prompt a user to provide a breath sample and route the breath sample to the first detector and the second detector. In some embodiments, the control module can be configured to route a middle portion of the breath sample to the first detector and route the remainder of the breath sample to the second detector. The control module can further be configured to determine the level of alcohol in the user’s breath using the first detector and determine the level of cannabis in the user’s breath using the second detector. In various embodiments, the control module can be configured to prompt a user to provide a breath sample and route a middle portion of the breath sample to the first detector and route the remainder of the breath sample to the second detector. The control module can additionally be configured to prompt the user to provide one or more additional breath samples and route the one or more additional breath samples to the second detector. The control module can further be configured to determine the level of alcohol in the user’s breath using the first detector and determine the level of cannabis in the user’s breath using the second detector. It is believed that prompting the user to provide one or more additional breath samples can be beneficial because cannabis compounds and / or metabolites are often present in lower concentrations in a user’s breath, and as such, increasing the volume of the sample used as input can increase the accuracy of the second detector results.

[0044] In various embodiments, the control module can be configured to prompt a user to provide a first breath sample and route the first breath sample to the first detector. The control module can be configured to determine the level of alcohol in the user’s breath using the first detector. The control module can further be configured to prompt the user to provide a second breath sample if the level of alcohol in the user’s breath is at or below a first alcohol threshold and route the second breath sample to the second detector. The control module can be configured to determine the level of cannabis in the user’s breath using the second detector.

[0045] It is contemplated herein that prompting the user for a second breath sample only if the level of alcohol in the user’s breath is at or below the first alcohol threshold can be beneficial in various scenarios. For example, if a law enforcement officer is testing a vehicular driver for general intoxication of any type, the officer can stop the test process if alcohol is present above the set threshold without needing to test for the presence of cannabis. Alternatively, if an individual is performing the test to demonstrate sobriety to family, friends, or in accordance with a court mandate, the individual can stop the test if alcohol is present above the set threshold without needing to test for other forms of intoxication that may be present.

[0046] In situations where both detectors are testing for the same substance, using the second detector only if the first detector is at or below a first substance threshold can decrease the overall time of the testing required. Specifically, it is acknowledged the detectors, such as fuel cells, require a recovery time. By utilizing a second detector in the event the level of substance in the user’s breath is at or below the first substance threshold, a retest can be conducted immediately, or soon after, the first test without needing to wait a period of time for the first detector to recover.

[0047] Referring now to FIG. 1, a schematic view of a dual detector intoxicant detection device is shown in accordance with various embodiments herein. The dual detector intoxicant detection device 100 can include a housing 102 and a breath inflow part 104. The housing 102 is preferably a relatively hard durable material that serves to protect the internal components of the dual detector intoxicant detection device 100. The breath inflow part 104 can be positioned at one end of the housing 102. The breath inflow part 104 can define a breath inflow opening 106. The breath inflow opening 106 can be configured to receive a user’s breath. The breath inflow part 104 can receive the mouth of the user providing a breath sample to the dual detector intoxicant detection device 100. The breath inflow part 104 can be configured to facilitate the user’s mouth sealing against an exterior surface of the breath inflow part. Alternatively, the breath inflow part 104 can be configured to receive a breath sample that is provided where the user is spaced apart from the breath inflow part 104 and is directing breath toward the breath inflow part 104 from a distance.

[0048] In various embodiments, the breath inflow part 104 can be configured to be removably attachable to the dual detector intoxicant detection device 100. In some embodiments, the breath inflow part 104 can include a mouthpiece. The mouthpiece can be removable by means of a friction or snap fit, or similar mechanism. This permits each user to have his / her own mouthpiece for sanitary reasons, it also permits easy cleaning or replacement of the mouthpiece. In various embodiments, the breath inflow part 104 can be formed from a substantially rigid material configured to retain its shape when a breath sample is provided to the dual detector intoxicant detection device 100. Alternatively, the breath inflow part 104 can be formed from a compliant material configured to conform to a user’s mouth when a breath sample is provided to dual detector intoxicant detection device 100. The breath inflow part 104 can be made from any suitable material or materials including but not limited to plastics, rubbers, silicone, easily formable metals, or the like.

[0049] In various embodiments, the user’s breath can travel into the breath inflow opening 106 and through a breath conduit part 105. The breath conduit part 105 can define a breath path 107. The breath conduit part 105 is connected to a first detector 108 and a second detector 110, discussed below. The user’s breath can travel into the breath inflow opening 106, through the breath path 107, and into the first detector 108 and / or the second detector 110. In some embodiments, the first detector 108 and / or the second detector 110 can be continuously sensing throughout the entire testing process. In other embodiments, the first detector 108 and / or the second detector 110 can be turned on, using the control module discussed below, and begin sensing only after the breath sample has been provided by the user. The breath conduit part 105 can include a flow restriction 109 disposed on an interior surface of the breath conduit part 105. The flow restriction 109 can be disposed between a first pressure sensor 111 and a second pressure sensor 113. The first pressure sensor 111 and the second pressure sensor 113 can be disposed on an exterior surface of the breath conduit part 105. The first pressure sensor 111 and the second pressure sensor 113 can be in fluid communication with the breath conduit part 105. The first pressure sensor 111 can be configured to measure a first pressure value of the user’s breath sample upstream of the flow restriction 109 and the second pressure sensor 113 can be configured to measure a second pressure value of the user’s breath sample downstream of the flow restriction 109.

[0050] Taking a first pressure reading with the first pressure sensor 111 before the flow restriction 109 and a second pressure reading with the second pressure sensor 113 after the flow restriction 109 allows for the flow rate of the breath sample to be measured using Bernoulli’s equation. The first pressure sensor 111 and the second pressure sensor 113 form a differential pressure flow meter that generates a flow measurement by measuring the pressure difference at two different locations in the breath conduit part 105. This pressure difference is created by constriction of the breath conduit part 105 at the flow restriction 109, which causes an increase in flow velocity and a corresponding pressure drop. It is through these changes in the fluid flow that the volumetric flow rate can be deduced. The volume of breath sample that has passed through the breath conduit part 105 can therefore be calculated, and that information can be used to determine when to draw a portion of the breath sample into one or more detectors. The initial portion of a sample can have different characteristics than a later portion of the sample, such as when the initial portion of the sample is from the user’s mouth and throat and a later portion of the sample is from deep lung air. After sufficient volume has been exhaled by the user so that deep lung air is present in the sample, the pump can be activated to draw a portion of the sample into one or more detectors. This approach can be used only with the first detector, only with the second detector, or with both detectors.

[0051] In various embodiments, the dual detector intoxicant detection device 100 can include a plurality of internal components. The internal components can include the first detector 108 and the second detector 110, described in further detail below. In various embodiments, the first detector 108 can include an alcohol sensing detector and the second detector 110 can include a cannabis sensing detector. In other embodiments, the first detector 108 can include a cannabis sensing detector and the second detector 110 can include an alcohol sensing detector. In alternative embodiments, the first detector 108 and the second detector 110 can both include alcohol sensing detectors. In alternative embodiments, the first detector 108 and the second detector 110 can both include cannabis sensing detectors. It is noted herein, that while components the first and second detector 108 and 110 can include a variety of detectors. For example, the detectors can be fuel cells, semiconductor sensors, infrared (IR) sensors, metal oxide semiconductor (MOS) sensors, complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) sensors, surface acoustic wave (SAW) sensors, and the like.

[0052] The internal components of the dual detector intoxicant detection device 100 can further include a pump 112. The pump 112 can be used to induce the controlled flow of fluids, such as breath samples through the dual detector intoxicant detection device 100. In various embodiments, the pump 112 can be used to extract the desired sample volume at the desired portion of the user’s breath. For example, the pump 112 can be operable for a period of time to selectively route a middle portion of the user’s breath through the first detector 108 by providing a vacuum or positive pressure through tube 114. In other embodiments, the pump 112 can be used in combination with a valve to control the flow of fluids through the first detector 108 and the second detector 110.

[0053] In some embodiments, the pump 112 can be positioned downstream of the first detector 108 and the second detector 110, as illustrated in FIG. 1. In other embodiments it is contemplated that the pump(s) can be positioned upstream of the first detector and the second detector as depicted in FIG. 5. It is herein contemplated that the pump 112 can be a variety of different pumps. For example, the pump 112 can include an external gear pump, an internal gear pump, a vane pump, a lobe pump, a peristaltic pump, and the like. It is further noted that other apparatuses can be used to induce the controlled flow of fluids, in addition to, or in alternative to, the pump 112. For example, a bellow, a fan, an expandable chamber, and the like can be used.

[0054] In various embodiments, a compressed air source can be used to cause flow of fluids. A valve 116 in fluid connection with the pump 112 can be used to direct the user’s breath sample extracted with the pump 112 to either the first detector 108 or the second detector 110. In some embodiments, the valve 116 can be positioned downstream of the first detector 108 and the second detector 110, as illustrated in FIG. 1. In other embodiments it is contemplated that the valve 116 can be positioned upstream of the first detector 108 and the second detector 110 as depicted in FIGS. 2-4, discussed below. It is herein contemplated that the valve 116 can be a variety of different valves. For example, the valve 116 can include a solenoid valve, a butterfly valve, a diaphragm valve, a gauge valve, a check valve, and the like.

[0055] In various embodiments, the valve 116 can be a three-way position valve. Referring to FIG. 1, in a first position, the valve 116 can connect the first detector 108 with the pump 112, so that the pump 112 can draw a sample from the breath conduit part 105 toward the first detector 108. In a second position, the valve 116 can connect the second detector 110 with the pump 112, so that the pump 112 can draw a sample from the breath conduit part 105 to the second detector 110. In a third position, the valve 116 can close off the pump 112 from the tube 114, the first detector 108, the tube 118, and the second detector 110. In some embodiments, when the valve 116 is in the first position, the pump 112 can provide a vacuum or negative pressure through tube 114 and draws the user’s breath through the first detector 108. In some embodiments, when the valve 116 is in the second position, the pump 112 can provide a vacuum or negative pressure through tube 118 and draws the user’s breath through the second detector 110. In some embodiments, when the valve 116 is in the third position, the valve 116 can close off tubes 114 and 118 such that the pump 112 is not in fluid communication with the first tube 114, the first detector 108, the second tube 118, or the second detector 110.

[0056] The internal components of the dual detector intoxicant detection device 100 can further include a control module 120. In various embodiments, the control module 120 is electrically connected to the first pressure sensor 111, the second pressure sensor 113, the first detector 108, the second detector 110, the valve 116, and the pump 112, discussed below. The control module 120 can include a variety of functionalities. First, the control module 120 can be configured to prompt a user of the dual detector intoxicant detection device 100 to provide a first breath sample. The user may be prompted by receiving a visual indication such as a written prompt or color indicator on a display screen of the dual detector intoxicant detection device 100. Alternatively, or in addition to the visual indication, the user may be prompted by receiving an auditory or tactile indication. In various embodiments, the control module 120 can be configured to prompt the user to provide additional breath samples, such as a second breath sample, a third breath sample, a fourth breath sample, a fifth breath sample, a sixth breath sample, or more. The control module 120 can further guide the user throughout the breath sampling process. The first pressure sensor 111 and the second pressure sensor 113 can monitor the pressure and flow rate of the breath sample as it is being provided by the user. If the detected parameters fall outside of predefined optimal ranges, the control module 120 can trigger additional prompts to instruct the user to adjust his / her technique, such as by blowing harder or more softly, until a suitable sample is obtained.

[0057] Second, the control module 120 can be configured to direct the pump 112. In various embodiments, the control module 120 can be configured to turn the pump 112 on and off. In some embodiments, the control module 120 can be configured to repeatedly turn the pump 112 on and off such as to move a precise volume of the breath sample(s) into the first detector 108 and / or the second detector 110. In other embodiments, the control module 120 can be configured to turn the pump 112 on for a set period of time to capture a desirable portion of the breath sample, for example, a middle portion of the breath sample. In some embodiments, the pump 112 can be turned on throughout the entire sampling and detection process such that the breath sample(s) provided are continuously being drawn into at least one of the first detector 108 and the second detector 110. In other embodiments, the pump 112 can be turned on after the breath sample(s) is provided to draw the sample into at least one of the first detector 108 and the second detector 110.

[0058] Third, the control module 120 can be configured to direct the valve 116. In various embodiments, the control module 120 can be configured to direct the valve 116 to being in the first position, second position, or third position. In some embodiments, the control module 120 can direct the valve 116 to cycle through the first position, second position, and third position in a single testing period. A testing period herein can be defined as the length of time required to determine a level of compounds of interest present in the user’s breath. In some embodiments, the control module 120 can direct the valve 116 to cycle between two positions, for example, the first position and the second position, in a single testing period. In some embodiments, the control module 120 can direct the valve 116 to remain in a single position throughout the testing period.

[0059] Lastly, the control module 120 can be configured to receive the first pressure value from the first pressure sensor 111 and the second pressure value from the second pressure sensor 113 as inputs and calculate the flowrate of the user’s breath sample. The control module 120 can further be configured to receive a first electrical current output from the first detector 108 and a second electrical current output from the second detector 110. In various embodiments, the control module 120 can be configured to determine the level of alcohol and / or cannabis present in the user’s breath. A volume of the sample in the detector can be determined based on the pump volume. In various embodiments, a volume of the sample in the detector can be used in combination with the electrical current outputs of the first detector 108 and / or the second detector 110 to calculate the level of alcohol and / or cannabis metabolites / compounds present in the user’s breath.

[0060] The internal components of the dual detector intoxicant detection device 100 can further include an accumulator 122. The accumulator 122 can be used to collect one or more breath samples prior to entering the second detector 110 into a designated volume. By collecting a breath sample, the volume of the sample size available for analysis by the second detector 110 can be increased. This can be beneficial for detecting substances, such as cannabis, that may be present in lower concentrations within a breath sample.

[0061] In some embodiments, the accumulator 122 can be positioned upstream of the second detector 110. The accumulator 122 can include a compressor, not shown. The compressor can serve to compress the one or more breath samples gathered in the accumulator 122 effectively concentrating any present substances, including cannabis, and improving the detectable signal for the second detector 110. In other embodiments, the compressor can be positioned upstream of the accumulator. The accumulator 122 can further include a one-way check valve, not shown, to allow for unidirectional flow of the one or more breath samples into the accumulator and preventing ambient air from entering the accumulator. In some embodiments, the accumulator 122 can include a second valve to allow the condensed breath sample(s) to leave the accumulator 122 and enter the second detector 110. Lastly, the accumulator 122 can include a pump, not shown, to draw the one or more breath samples into the accumulator 122. In other embodiments, the accumulator 122 can rely on the pump 112 to draw the one or more breath samples into the accumulator 122.

[0062] It is recognized that dual detector intoxicant devices herein can include varying numbers of pumps and valves which can be positioned in a variety of locations with respect to the detectors. A few of the possible pump and / or valve configurations are illustrated in FIGS. 1-7. It is noted that the functionalities of the pumps and valve in FIGS. 2-7 are in a manner similar to that as described above with respect to FIG. 1, in that the valve can be a three-position valve in some embodiments, and can move between the three positions to enable a sample to be drawn into, or pushed into, a first detector or a second detector, by the pump, or can be in a third, closed position. The embodiments of FIGS. 2-7 are not illustrated with a flow restriction, pressure sensors, or a control module for the sake of simplicity. Each of the embodiments of FIGS. 2-7 could include a control module with the connections and functions described with respect to FIG. 1. Further, each of the embodiments of FIGS. 2-7 could include a flow restriction and pressure sensors surrounding the flow restriction in one or more breath paths as described and illustrated with respect to FIG. 1. Upstream Valve and Downstream Pump (FIG. 2)

[0063] Referring now to FIG. 2, a schematic view of a dual detector intoxicant detection device 200 is shown in accordance with various embodiments herein. FIG. 2 illustrates a dual detector intoxicant detection device 200 having a valve 202 positioned upstream of a first detector 204 and a second detector 206 and a pump 208 positioned downstream of the first detector 204 and the second detector 206. In various embodiments, a user’s breath sample can enter breath inflow opening 210 and pass through a breath path 212. The valve 202 can be configured to allow the user’s breath sample to pass through into the first detector 204 and / or the second detector 206. The user’s breath sample can then pass through tubes 214 and 216 before entering the pump 208 and leaving the dual detector intoxicant detection device 200.

[0064] In one embodiment, the valve 202 has three positions where a first position allows air flow between the breath path 212 and the first detector 204 and does not allow air flow between the breath path 212 and the second detector 206. In a second position, the valve 202 allows air flow between the breath path 212 and the second detector 206 but does not allow air flow between the breath path 212 and the first detector. In a third position, the valve 202 is closed so that air flow to both detectors is closed. When the pump 208 is activated and the valve 202 is not in a closed position, the breath sample is pulled out of the breath path and into one of the detectors, depending on the valve position.

[0065] Upstream Valve and Two Downstream Pumps (FIG. 3)

[0066] Referring now to FIG. 3, a schematic view of a dual detector intoxicant detection device 300 is shown in accordance with various embodiments herein. FIG. 3 illustrates a dual detector intoxicant detection device 300 having a valve 302 positioned upstream of a first detector 304 and a second detector 306, a first pump 308 positioned downstream of the first detector 304, and a second pump 310 positioned downstream of the second detector 306. In various embodiments, a user’s breath sample can enter breath inflow opening 312 and pass through a breath path 314. The valve 302 can be configured to allow the user’s breath sample to pass through into the first detector 304 and / or the second detector 306. The user’s breath sample can then pass through tube 316 before entering the first pump 308 and leaving the dual detector intoxicant detection device 300 and / or the user’s breath sample can pass through tube 318 before entering the second pump 310 and leaving the dual detector intoxicant detection device 300. In one embodiment, the valve 302 has three positions where a first position allows air flow between the breath path 314 and the first detector 304 and does not allow air flow between the breath path 314 and the second detector 306. In a second position, the valve 302 allows air flow between the breath path 314 and the second detector 306 but does not allow air flow between the breath path 314 and the first detector 304. In a third position, the valve 302 is closed so that air flow to both detectors is closed. In various embodiments, the valve has a fourth position where it is open to both the first detector 304 and the second detector 306, so that it allows air flow to both the first detector and the second detector 306 from the breath path 314.

[0067] When the first pump 308 is activated and the valve 302 is in a first or fourth position, the breath sample is pulled out of the breath path and into the first detector 304. When the second pump 310 is activated and the valve 302 is in the second or fourth position, the breath sample is pulled out of the breath path and into the second detector 306.

[0068] Two Upstream Valves and Downstream Pump (FIG. 4)

[0069] Referring now to FIG. 4, a schematic view of a dual detector intoxicant detection device 400 is shown in accordance with various embodiments herein. FIG. 4 illustrates a dual detector intoxicant detection device 400 having a first valve 402 positioned upstream of a first detector 404, a second valve 406 positioned upstream of a second detector 408, and a pump 410 positioned downstream of the first detector 404 and the second detector 408. In various embodiments, a user’s breath sample can enter breath inflow opening 412 and pass through a breath path 414. The first valve 402 can be configured to allow a portion the user’s breath sample to pass through into the first detector 404 and the second valve 406 can be configured to allow a portion of the user’s breath sample to pass through into the second detector 408. The user’s breath sample can then pass through tubes 416 and 418 before entering the pump 410 and leaving the dual detector intoxicant detection device 400. In various embodiments, the first valve 402 and the second valve 406 are capable of a first open position and a second closed position.

[0070] Upstream Valve and Two Upstream Pumps (FIG. 5)

[0071] Referring now to FIG. 5, a schematic view of a dual detector intoxicant detection device 500 is shown in accordance with various embodiments herein. FIG. 5 illustrates a dual detector intoxicant detection device 500 having a valve 502 positioned upstream of a first detector 504 and a second detector 506, a first pump 508 positioned upstream of the first detector 504, and a second pump 510 positioned upstream of the second detector 506. In various embodiments, a user’s breath sample can enter breath inflow opening 512 and pass through a breath path 514. The valve 502 can be configured to allow the user’s breath sample to pass through into the first pump 508 and / or the second pump 510. The portion of the user’s breath sample that passes into the first pump 508 can then enter the first detector 504 before leaving the dual detector intoxicant detection device 500 and the portion of the user’s breath sample that passes into the second pump 510 can then enter the second detector 506 before leaving the dual detector intoxicant detection device 500.

[0072] In one embodiment, the valve 502 has three positions where a first position allows air flow between the breath path 514 and the first detector 504 and does not allow air flow between the breath path 514 and the second detector 506. In a second position, the valve 502 allows air flow between the breath path 514 and the second detector 506 but does not allow air flow between the breath path 514 and the first detector 504. In a third position, the valve 502 is closed so that air flow to both detectors is closed. In various embodiments, the valve has a fourth position where it is open to both the first detector 504 and the second detector 506, so that it allows air flow to both the first detector 504 and the second detector 506.

[0073] When the first pump 508 is activated and the valve 502 is in a first or fourth position, the breath sample is pulled out of the breath path and into the first detector 504. When the second pump 510 is activated and the valve 502 is in the second or fourth position, the breath sample is pulled out of the breath path and into the second detector 506.

[0074] Two Breath Inputs and Two Downstream Pumps (FIG. 6)

[0075] Referring now to FIG. 6, a schematic view of a dual detector intoxicant detection device 600 is shown in accordance with various embodiments herein. FIG. 6 illustrates a dual detector intoxicant detection device 600 having a first detector 602 and a second detector 604. The dual detector intoxicant detection device 600 further includes a first pump 606 positioned downstream of the first detector 602 and a second pump 608 positioned downstream of the second detector 604.

[0076] In various embodiments, the user’s first breath sample can enter into a first breath inflow opening 610 and through a first breath conduit part 611. The first breath conduit part 611 can define a first breath path 612. The first pump 606 be configured to pull a portion of the user’s first breath sample into the first detector 602. The first breath sample portion can thereafter pass through tube 618 before entering the first pump 606 and leaving the dual detector intoxicant detection device 600. In various embodiments, a user’s second breath sample, or any number of subsequent breath samples, can enter a second breath inflow opening 614 and pass through a second breath conduit part 615. The second breath conduit part 615 can define a second breath path 616. The second pump 608 be configured to pull a portion of the user’s second breath sample into the second detector 604. The second breath sample portion can thereafter pass through tube 620 before entering the second pump 608 and leaving the dual detector intoxicant detection device 600.

[0077] The second breath sample can be collected in an accumulator 622. The accumulator 622 can be positioned upstream of the second detector 604. In various embodiments, the accumulator 622 can function and include similar components as the accumulator described in FIG. 1.

[0078] The dual detector intoxicant detection device 600 can further include various internal components. In various embodiments, the first breath conduit part 611 can include a first flow restriction 624 disposed on an interior surface of the first breath conduit part 611. The first flow restriction 624 can be disposed between a first pressure sensor 626 and a second pressure sensor 628. The first pressure sensor 626 and the second pressure sensor 628 can be disposed on an exterior surface of the first breath conduit part 611. The first pressure sensor 626 and the second pressure sensor 628 can be in fluid communication with the first breath conduit part 611 via openings. In various embodiments, the first flow restriction 624, the first pressure sensor 626, and the second pressure sensor 628 can provide similar functionality to the flow restriction and pressure sensors described in FIG. 1. In various embodiments, the second breath conduit part 615 can include a second flow restriction 630 disposed on an interior surface of the second breath conduit part 615. The second flow restriction 630 can be disposed between a third pressure sensor 632 and a fourth pressure sensor 634. The third pressure sensor 632 and the fourth pressure sensor 634 can be disposed on an exterior surface of the second breath conduit part 615. The third pressure sensor 632 and the fourth pressure sensor 634 can be in fluid communication with the second breath conduit part 615 via openings. In various embodiments, the second flow restriction 630, the third pressure sensor 632, and the fourth pressure sensor 634 can provide similar functionality to the flow restriction and pressure sensors described in FIG. 1.

[0079] The dual detector intoxicant detection device 600 can further include a control module 636. In various embodiments, the control module 636 is electrically connected to the first pressure sensor 626, the second pressure sensor 628, the third pressure sensor 632, the fourth pressure sensor 634, the first detector 602, the second detector 604, the first pump 606, and the second pump 608. The control module 636 can perform the same functionalities as the control modules discussed above with respect to FIG. 1.

[0080] Multiple Detectors in Series with a Downstream Pump (FIG. 7)

[0081] Referring now to FIG. 7, a schematic view of a dual detector intoxicant detection device 700 is shown in accordance with various embodiments herein. FIG. 7 illustrates a dual detector intoxicant detection device 700 having a first detector 702, a second detector 704, and a pump 706 positioned downstream of both the first detector 702 and the second detector 704.

[0082] In various embodiments, a user’s breath sample can enter a breath inflow opening 708 and pass through a breath path 710. The pump 706 be configured to allow the user’s breath sample to pass into the first detector 702 followed by the second detector 704. The first breath sample can thereafter pass through tube 712 before entering the pump 706 and leaving the dual detector intoxicant detection device 700. In some embodiments, the single breath sample can be provided whereby the intoxicants therein are measured by both the first detector 702 and the second detector 704. In other embodiments, a plurality of breath samples can be provided, whereby the intoxicants in the first breath sample are measured by the first detector 702 before the first breath sample passes through the turned off second detector 704 and pump 706 and exits the dual detector intoxicant detection device 700, and one or more additional breath samples are measured by the second detector 704 after passing through the turned off first detector 702 but before exiting the dual detector intoxicant detection device 700.

[0083] Methods of Operating and Assembling Multiple Detector Intoxicant Detection Systems to Provide Middle Portion of a Sample to First Detector and Remainder to a Second Detector (FIG. 8)

[0084] Many different methods are contemplated herein, including, but not limited to methods of operating, using, assembling the components described herein, and the like. Aspects of system / device operation described elsewhere herein can be performed as operations of one or more methods in accordance with various embodiments herein.

[0085] In various embodiments, operations described herein, and method steps can be performed as part of a computer-implemented method executed by one or more processors of one or more computing devices. In various embodiments, operations described herein, and method steps can be implemented instructions stored on a non-transitory, computer-readable medium that, when executed by one or more processors, cause a system to execute the operations and / or steps.

[0086] Referring now to FIG. 8, in an embodiment, a method 800 of detecting intoxicants in a user’s breath is included. The method can include prompting a user to provide a breath sample 802. In various embodiments, the user can be prompted by receiving a visual indication such as a written prompt or color indicator on a display screen of the dual detector intoxicant detection device. Alternatively, or in addition to the visual indication, the user may be prompted by receiving an auditory or tactile indication. In some embodiments, a control module can guide the user throughout the breath sampling process. Pressure sensors in communication with the control module can monitor the pressure and flow rate of the breath sample as it is being provided. If the detected parameters fall outside of predefined optimal ranges, the control module can trigger additional prompts to instruct the user to adjust his / her technique, such as by blowing harder or more softly, until a suitable sample is obtained.

[0087] The method can further include routing a middle portion of the breath sample to a first detector and routing the remainder of the breath sample to a second detector 804. In various embodiments, the control module can be configured to direct a pump and a valve to move the breath sample throughout the device. In some embodiments, the control module can turn on the pump and place the valve in a second position which directs a first portion of the breath sample into the second detector, then placing the valve in a first position which directs a middle portion of the breath sample into the first detector, and lastly placing the valve back into the second position directing the remainder of the breath sample into the second detector. In other embodiments, the control module causes the valve to start in in a third position which prevents a first portion of the breath sample from entering either the first detector or the second detector, then places the valve in a first position which directs a middle portion of the breath sample into the first detector, and lastly places the valve back into the second position directing the remainder of the breath sample into the second detector.

[0088] In various embodiments, the pump is operated before opening the valve. This order of operations can allow negative pressure to build up in a detector, so that the detector rapidly fills with gas from the breath sample when the valve is opened to allow breath to pass to the detector.

[0089] The method can further include determining a level of alcohol in the user’s breath with the first detector 806. In various embodiments, a control module can be configured to receive an electrical current output from an alcohol sensing detector. The control module can then use the calculated volume of the user’s breath sample in combination with the electric current output to calculate the level of alcohol present in the user’s breath. It will be appreciated that the strength of the electrical current output correlates to the concentration of alcohol present in the user’s breath sample. For example, the higher the electrical current output, the greater concentration of alcohol present in the user’s breath sample.

[0090] In various embodiments, the method can further include determining a level of cannabis in the user’s breath with the second detector 808. Similar to determining the level of alcohol present, in various embodiments, a control module can be configured to receive an electrical current output from a cannabis sensing detector. The control module can then use the calculated volume of the user’s breath sample in combination with the electric current output to calculate the level of cannabis present in the user’s breath. It will be appreciated that the strength of the electrical current output correlates to the volume of cannabis present in the user’s breath sample. For example, the higher the electrical current output, the greater volume of cannabis present in the user’s breath sample.

[0091] Methods of Operating and Assembling Multiple Detector Intoxicant Detection Systems to Provide a Middle Portion of a Breath Sample to a First Detector and Subsequent Breaths to a Second Detector (FIG. 9)

[0092] Referring now to FIG. 9, in an embodiment, a method 900 of detecting intoxicants in a user’s breath is included. The method can include prompting a user to provide a breath sample 902 in a manner similar to that as described above with respect to FIG. 8.

[0093] The method can further include routing a middle portion of the breath sample to a first detector and routing the remainder of the breath sample to a second detector 904 in a manner similar to that as described above with respect to FIG. 8.

[0094] The method can further include prompting the user to provide one or more additional breath samples 906. In various embodiments, a control module can prompt a user in a manner similar to that as described above with respect to FIG. 8. In various embodiments, the control module can prompt the user to provide a second breath sample, a third breath sample, a fourth breath sample, a fifth breath sample, a sixth breath sample, or more breath samples. It will be appreciated that the number of breath samples required can depend on the compound of interest being detected. For example, the detection of ethanol may require only a single breath sample whereas the detection of A9-tetrahydrocannabinol (A9-THC) may require two or more breath samples. In some embodiments, the one or more additional breath samples can be collected in an accumulator and a compressor positioned within the accumulator can condense the one or more additional breath samples. The method can further include routing the one or more additional breath samples to the second detector 908. In various embodiments, a control module can be configured to direct a pump and a valve to move the breath sample to the second detector. In some embodiments, the control module can turn on the pump and place the valve in a second position which can direct the one or more additional breath samples to the second detector.

[0095] The method can further include determining a level of alcohol in the user’s breath with the first detector 910 in a manner similar to that as described above with respect to FIG. 8.

[0096] The method can further include determining a level of cannabis in the user’s breath with the second detector 912 in a manner similar to that as described above with respect to FIG. 8.

[0097] Methods of Operating and Assembling a Multiple Detector Intoxicant Detection System to Route a Sample to a Second Detector for Testing for A Second Substance only if a First Detector does not Indicate Presence of a First Substance (FIG. 10)

[0098] Referring now to FIG. 10, in an embodiment, a method 1000 of detecting intoxicants in a user’s breath is included. The method can include prompting a user to provide a first breath sample 1002 in a manner similar to that as described above with respect to FIG. 8.

[0099] The method can further include routing the first breath sample to a first detector 1004. In various embodiments, a control module can be configured to direct a pump or a pump and a valve to move the breath sample to the first detector. The pumps and valves can be positioned within the multiple detector intoxicant detection system at various locations as described above with respect to FIGS. 1-7. In some embodiments, the control module can turn on the pump and place the valve in a first position which can direct the first breath sample to the first detector. In other embodiments, the control module can turn on the pump and the first breath sample can be drawn into the first detector by following the breath path.

[0100] The method can further include determining a level of alcohol in the user’s breath with the first detector 1006 in a manner similar to that described above with respect to FIG. 8.

[0101] The method can further include prompting the user to provide a second breath sample if the level of alcohol in the user’s breath is at or below a first alcohol threshold 1008. In various embodiments, the control module can prompt the user in a manner similar to that as described above with respect to FIG. 8. In various embodiments, the first alcohol threshold can be greater than or equal to 0.01 percent, 0.02 percent, 0.03 percent, 0.04 percent, 0.05 percent, 0.06 percent, 0.07 percent, 0.08 percent, or can be an amount falling within a range between any of the foregoing. For example, the control module can prompt the user to provide a second breath sample if the level of alcohol detected is at or below 0.01 percent.

[0102] The method can further include routing the second breath sample to second detector 1010. In various embodiments, the control module can be configured to direct the pump or the pump and the valve to move the second breath sample to the second detector. In some embodiments, the control module can turn on the pump and place the valve in a second position which can direct the second breath sample to the second detector. In other embodiments, the control module can turn on the pump and the second breath sample can be directed to the second detector by following the breath path.

[0103] The method can further include determining a level of cannabis in the user’s breath with the second detector 1012 in a manner similar to that as described above with respect to FIG. 8.

[0104] Detectors and Detector Assemblies

[0105] In various embodiments, the dual detector intoxicant detection device can include two or more detectors. In some embodiments, the dual detector intoxicant detection device can include a first detector for detecting a first substance or intoxicant and a second detector for detecting a second substance or intoxicant. In various embodiments, each detector is configured to detect a presence of a particular substance, such as an intoxicant. In various embodiments, each detector is configured to detect a level of a particular substance, such as an intoxicant. Throughout the present application, the detectors are described as detecting a level of a particular substance. Wherever this is described, it is also possible for the detector to detect and output an indicator of a presence of that substance without also detecting and / or outputting a level of that substance.

[0106] In various embodiments, the first detector is an alcohol detector, and the second detector is a cannabis sensing detector. The detectors can include a variety of detectors such as semiconductor sensors, infrared (IR) sensors, metal oxide semiconductor (MOS) sensors, complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) sensors, surface acoustic wave (SAW) sensors, fuel cells, and the like. A fuel cell, as discussed herein, is a type of electrochemical cell that uses electrochemical processes to oxidize compounds of interest, such as alcohol and cannabis, and produce an electrical current. In one example, the fuel cell can include two metal electrodes and can include a porous acid-electrode material sandwiched between them, whereby the two metal electrodes oxidize the compound of interest. For example, the fuel cell can include two platinum electrodes with a porous acid-electrode material sandwiched between them. The two platinum electrodes oxidize ethanol in a user’s breath to produce acetic acid, protons, and electrons whereby the electrons produce an electrical current that is measured.

[0107] In various embodiments, an alcohol detector can detect the level of alcohol compounds in a user’s breath. For example, the alcohol detector can detect the level of ethanol, methanol, 1-propanol, 3-methyl-l-butanol, and / or acetaldehyde present in the user’s breath.

[0108] In various embodiments, a cannabis sensing detector can detect the level of cannabis in the user’s breath. It is herein contemplated that cannabis, including a variety of cannabis metabolites or compounds, can be detected. Cannabis metabolites and cannabis compounds can include, but are not limited to, cannabinoids, phenolic cannabinoids, A9- tetrahydrocannabinol (A9-THC), A8-tetrahydrocannabinol (A8-THC), cannabinol (CBN), cannabidiol (CBD), 11-hydroxy- A9-THC (11-OH-THC), anandamide (arachidonylethanolamide), cannabichromene, and (-)A8-THC-11-oic acid). Exemplary phenolic cannabinoid sensing detector are disclosed in WO 2021 / 087453 Al, titled “Systems and methods for the detection of phenolic cannabinoids,” published on May 6, 2021, and assigned to The Regents of the University of California, the content of which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.

[0109] Sample Processing Equipment

[0110] In various embodiments describe herein where a detector is included, the detector can be a detector assembly including sample processing equipment. Examples of sample processing equipment include equipment that receives a sample, such as breath from a user, and then acts on that sample to create an input for a detector.

[0111] In various embodiments, the sample processing equipment can include an accumulator configured to hold one or more breaths of the user. For example, the accumulator can hold one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, eight, nine, ten, or more breaths before being received by the detector. In some embodiments, the accumulator can hold one or more breaths before being received by a cannabis detector. It is noted that more than one breath sample may be required to be collected prior to being received by the cannabis detector because cannabis concentrations may be found in lower concentrations in a user’s breath. Therefore, it can be advantageous to collect a plurality of breaths in the accumulator to increase the concentrations of cannabis in a given volume before being received by the cannabis detector for measurement. In various embodiments, the accumulator can condense the one or more breath samples, using a compressor, to increase the concentration of detectable cannabis in a given sample volume.

[0112] Sample and Compounds of Interest

[0113] Throughout the application, breath is described as a sample that is analyzed for the presence of a substance such as an intoxicant. It is also possible for the embodiments of the application to be used to process a sample different than breath, such as another gas sample, such as environmental or ambient air or vapor from skin.

[0114] Throughout the application, alcohol and cannabis are described as substances of interest or compounds of interest that are detected by a detector. It is also possible for other substances and compounds to be detected by a detector in the various embodiments described here in, such as different intoxicants, prescription drugs, cocaine, heroin, nicotine, methamphetamine, amphetamines, hallucinogens, or other substances.

[0115] Computer Systems

[0116] The systems and methods presented here may be implemented in part using a computerized device, such as a smartphone, handheld, or other computerized device. FIG. 11 shows a computerized multiple detector intoxicant detection system consistent with various examples described herein. FIG. 11 illustrates only one particular example of computing device 1100, and other computing devices 1100 may be used in other embodiments. Although computing device 1100 is shown as a standalone computing device, computing device 1100 may be any component or system that includes one or more processors or another suitable computing environment for executing software instructions in other examples and need not include all the elements shown here.

[0117] As shown in the specific example of FIG. 11, computing device 1100 includes one or more processors 1102, memory 1104, one or more input devices 1106, one or more output devices 1108, one or more communication modules 1110, and one or more storage devices 1112. Computing device 1100, in one example, further includes an operating system 1116 executable by computing device 1100. The operating system includes in various examples services such as a network service 1118. One or more applications, such as a breath intoxicant detection application 1120, are also stored on storage device 1112 and are executable by computing device 1100.

[0118] Each of components 1102, 1104, 1106, 1108, 1110, and 1112 may be interconnected (physically, communicatively, and / or operatively) for inter-component communications, such as via one or more communication channels 1114. In some examples, communication channels 1114 include a system bus, network connection, inter-processor communication network, or any other channel for communicating data. Applications such as breath intoxicant detection application 1120 and operating system 1116 may also communicate information with one another as well as with other components in computing device 1100.

[0119] Processors 1102, in one example, are configured to implement functionality and / or process instructions for execution within computing device 1100. For example, processors 1102 may be capable of processing instructions stored in storage device 1112 or memory 1104. Examples of processors 1102 include any one or more of a microprocessor, a controller, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field-programmable gate array (FPGA), or similar discrete or integrated logic circuitry.

[0120] One or more storage devices 1112 may be configured to store information within computing device 1100 during operation. Storage device 1112, in some examples, is known as a computer-readable storage medium. In some examples, storage device 1112 comprises temporary memory, meaning that a primary purpose of storage device 1112 is not long-term storage. Storage device 1112 in some examples includes a volatile memory, meaning that storage device 1112 does not maintain stored contents when computing device 1100 is turned off. In other examples, data is loaded from storage device 1112 into memory 1104 during operation. Examples of volatile memories include random access memories (RAM), dynamic random-access memories (DRAM), static random-access memories (SRAM), and other forms of volatile memories known in the art. In some examples, storage device 1112 is used to store program instructions for execution by processors 1102. Storage device 1112 and memory 1104, in various examples, are used by software or applications running on computing device 1100 such as intoxication detection application 1120 to temporarily store information during program execution.

[0121] Storage device 1112, in some examples, includes one or more computer-readable storage media that may be configured to store larger amounts of information than volatile memory. Storage device 1112 may further be configured for long-term storage of information. In some examples, storage devices 1112 include non-volatile storage elements. Examples of such non-volatile storage elements include magnetic hard discs, optical discs, floppy discs, flash memories, or forms of electrically programmable memories (EPROM) or electrically erasable and programmable (EEPROM) memories.

[0122] Computing device 1100, in some examples, also includes one or more communication modules 1110. Computing device 1100 in one example uses communication module 1110 to communicate with external devices via one or more networks, such as one or more wireless networks. Communication module 1110 may be a network interface card, such as an Ethernet card, an optical transceiver, a radio frequency transceiver, or any other type of device that can send and / or receive information. Other examples of such network interfaces include Bluetooth, 3G, 4G, LTE, 5G, Wi-Fi radios, and Near-Field Communications (NFC), and Universal Serial Bus (USB). In some examples, computing device 1100 uses communication module 1110 to wirelessly communicate with an external device such as via public network such as the Internet.

[0123] Computing device 1100 also includes, in one example, one or more input devices 1106. Input device 1106, in some examples, is configured to receive input from a user through tactile, audio, or video input. Examples of input device 1106 include a touchscreen display, a mouse, a keyboard, a voice responsive system, video camera, microphone, or any other type of device for detecting input from a user.

[0124] One or more output devices 1108 may also be included in computing device 1100. Output device 1108, in some examples, is configured to provide output to a user using tactile, audio, or video stimuli. Output device 1108, in one example, includes a display, a sound card, a video graphics adapter card, or any other type of device for converting a signal into an appropriate form understandable to humans or machines. Additional examples of output device 1108 include a speaker, a light-emitting diode (LED) display, a liquid crystal display (LCD), or any other type of device that can generate output to a user.

[0125] Computing device 1100 may include operating system 1116. Operating system 1116, in some examples, controls the operation of components of computing device 1100, and provides an interface from various applications such intoxication detection application 1120 to components of computing device 1100. For example, operating system 1116, in one example, facilitates the communication of various applications such as breath intoxicant detection application 1120 with processors 1102, communication unit 1110, storage device 1112, input device 1106, and output device 1108. Applications such as intoxication detection application 1120 may include program instructions and / or data that are executable by computing device 1100. As one example, breath intoxicant detection application 1120 may include instructions that cause computing device 1100 to perform one or more of the operations and actions described in the examples presented herein.

[0126] It should be noted that, as used in this specification and the appended claims, the singular forms "a," "an," and "the" include plural referents unless the content clearly dictates otherwise. It should also be noted that the term “or” is generally employed in its sense including “and / or” unless the content clearly dictates otherwise.

[0127] It should also be noted that, as used in this specification and the appended claims, the phrase “configured” describes a system, apparatus, or other structure that is constructed or configured to perform a particular task or adopt a particular configuration. The phrase "configured" can be used interchangeably with other similar phrases such as arranged and configured, constructed and arranged, constructed, manufactured and arranged, and the like.

[0128] All publications and patent applications in this specification are indicative of the level of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains. All publications and patent applications are herein incorporated by reference to the same extent as if each individual publication or patent application was specifically and individually indicated by reference.

[0129] As used herein, the recitation of numerical ranges by endpoints shall include all numbers subsumed within that range (e.g., 2 to 8 includes 2.1, 2.8, 5.3, 7, etc.).

[0130] The headings used herein are provided for consistency with suggestions under 37 CFR 1.77 or otherwise to provide organizational cues. These headings shall not be viewed to limit or characterize the invention(s) set out in any claims that may issue from this disclosure. As an example, although the headings refer to a “Field,” such claims should not be limited by the language chosen under this heading to describe the so-called technical field. Further, a description of a technology in the “Background” is not an admission that technology is prior art to any invention(s) in this disclosure. Neither is the “Summary” to be considered as a characterization of the invention(s) set forth in issued claims.

[0131] The embodiments described herein are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise forms disclosed in the following detailed description. Rather, the embodiments are chosen and described so that others skilled in the art can appreciate and understand the principles and practices. As such, aspects have been described with reference to various specific and preferred embodiments and techniques. However, it should be understood that many variations and modifications may be made while remaining within the spirit and scope herein.

Claims

The Claims Are:

1. A breath detection device comprising: a first breath inflow part defining a first breath inflow opening, wherein the first breath inflow opening is configured to receive a first breath sample; a first detector operable to detect a level of alcohol in the first breath sample; a first pump positioned downstream of the first detector; a second breath inflow part defining a second breath inflow opening, wherein the second breath inflow opening is configured to receive a second breath sample; a second detector operable to detect a level of cannabis in the second breath sample; and a second pump positioned downstream of the second detector.

2. The breath detection device of claim 1, further comprising: a control module operable to: prompt a user to provide the first breath sample and the second breath sample, determine the level of alcohol in the first breath sample with the first detector; and determine the level of cannabis in the second breath sample with the second detector.

3. The breath detection device of claim 1, wherein the second breath sample comprises one or more breaths provided by a user.

4. The breath detection device of claim 3, wherein the one or more breaths are collected in an accumulator prior to entering the second detector.

5. The breath detection device of claim 1, further comprising a first breath conduit part defining a first breath path and a second breath conduit part defining a second breath path, wherein the first detector is connected to the first conduit part and the second detector is connected to the second breath conduit part.

6. The breath detection device of claim 5, wherein the first breath path is configured to route the first breath sample to the first detector, and wherein the second breath path is configured to route the second breath sample to the second detector.

7. The breath detection device of claim 6, further comprising a flow restriction positioned within the first breath path or positioned within the second breath path, wherein the flow restriction is configured to restrict flow through the first breath path or second breath path.

8. The breath detection device of claim 7, further comprising: a first pressure sensor operable to detect a first pressure of the first or second breath sample positioned upstream of the flow restriction; and a second pressure sensor operable to detect a second pressure of a breath sample positioned downstream of the flow restriction; wherein the breath detection device is configured to determine a time for sampling the first or second breath sample based on outputs of the first pressure sensor and the second pressure sensor.

9. The breath detection device of claim 1, further comprising a first valve configured to direct the second breath sample to the second detector.

10. The breath detection device of claim 9, further comprising a second valve configured to direct the first breath sample to the first detector.

11. The breath detection device of claim 1, wherein each of the first detector and the second detector comprise a fuel cell.

12. A breath detection device comprising: a first detector operable to detect a level of alcohol in the first breath sample; and a second detector operable to detect a level of cannabis in the second breath sample; wherein the second detector is operated after a level of alcohol in the first breath sample detected by the first detector is at or below an alcohol threshold.

13. The breath detection device of claim 12 further comprising: a control module operable to: prompt a user to provide the first breath sample;determine the level of alcohol in the first breath sample with the first detector; prompt the user to provide the second breath sample if the level of alcohol in the first breath sample is at or below the alcohol threshold; and determine the level of cannabis in the second breath sample with the second detector.

14. The breath detection device of claim 13, wherein the alcohol threshold is 0.01 percent.

15. A breath detection device comprising: a first fuel cell operable to detect a level of alcohol in a user’s breath; and a second fuel cell operable to detect a level of cannabis in the user’s breath.

16. The breath detection device of claim 15, further comprising: a control module operable to: prompt the user to provide a first breath sample, route a middle portion of the first breath sample to the first fuel cell and route a remainder of the first breath sample to the second fuel cell; determine the level of alcohol in the user’s breath with the first fuel cell; and determine the level of cannabis in the user’s breath with the second fuel cell.

17. The breath detection device of claim 16, further comprising a valve configured to direct the middle portion of the first breath sample to the first fuel cell and the remainder of the first breath sample to the second fuel cell.

18. The breath detection device of claim 17, further comprising a pump positioned downstream of the first fuel cell and the second fuel cell, wherein the pump is operable for a first period of time to route the middle portion of the first breath sample to the first fuel cell, wherein the pump is further operable for a second period of time to route the remainder of the first breath sample to the second fuel cell.

19. The breath detection device of claim 15, wherein the second fuel cell is positioned downstream of the first fuel cell.

0. The breath detection device of claim 19, further comprising a pump positioned downstream of the second fuel cell, wherein the pump is operable for a period of time to route the user’s breath through the first fuel cell and the second fuel cell.

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