Fuel cell thermal management system, vehicle and fuel cell thermal management method

Abstract

The present application relates to a fuel cell thermal management system, a vehicle and a fuel cell thermal management method. The fuel cell thermal management system comprises: a fuel cell stack, wherein a coolant conduit I is connected between a liquid outlet and a liquid inlet of the fuel cell stack, and a first water pump is mounted on the coolant conduit I; a first three-way valve, wherein a first port and a second port of the first three-way valve are connected in series to the coolant conduit I; a coolant conduit II, wherein an input port of the coolant conduit II is in communication with a third port of the first three-way valve, and an output port of the coolant conduit II is in communication with the liquid inlet of the fuel cell stack; and a PTC heater, wherein the PTC heater is mounted on the coolant conduit II. A coolant can be directly heated by means of the PTC heater in the coolant conduit II until the temperature of the fuel cell stack rises to a normal operating temperature, thereby achieving a rapid cold start. The problems of a low heating rate and a low heat utilization rate when the PTC heater performs auxiliary heating on the stack by means of a heat exchanger during a cold start of conventional vehicles are solved.

Description

Fuel cell thermal management system, vehicle, and fuel cell thermal management method Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of battery management, and in particular to a fuel cell thermal management system, a vehicle, and a fuel cell thermal management method. Background Art

[0002] A fuel cell vehicle (FCV) is a vehicle powered by electricity generated by an onboard fuel cell system. The fuel used in the onboard fuel cell system is high-purity hydrogen or a high-hydrogen reformate gas obtained by reforming hydrogen-containing fuel. Compared to conventional electric vehicles, FCVs differ in that their power comes from the onboard fuel cell system, while electric vehicles use electricity from batteries charged from the grid. Therefore, the key to FCVs is the fuel cell.

[0003] The working principle of a fuel cell vehicle is that hydrogen, as fuel, undergoes an oxidation-reduction chemical reaction with oxygen in the atmosphere in the fuel cell installed in the vehicle, generating electricity to drive the electric motor, which in turn drives the mechanical transmission structure in the vehicle, and then drives the vehicle's front axle (or rear axle) and other traveling mechanical structures, thereby driving the electric vehicle forward.

[0004] In related technologies, a PTC heater is usually turned on when a vehicle is cold started. The PTC heater assists in heating the fuel cell stack through a heat exchanger. However, the PTC heater indirectly assists in heating the fuel cell stack through a heat exchanger, which has a slow heating speed and low heat utilization rate. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The present application provides a fuel cell thermal management system, a vehicle, and a fuel cell thermal management method, which can directly heat the coolant through the PTC heater in the coolant pipeline 2 until the fuel cell stack is heated to the normal operating temperature, thereby achieving a rapid cold start.

[0006] In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a fuel cell thermal management system, comprising:

[0007] A fuel cell stack, wherein a first coolant pipeline is connected between a liquid outlet and a liquid inlet of the fuel cell stack, and a first water pump is installed in the first coolant pipeline;

[0008] a first three-way valve, wherein a first port and a second port of the first three-way valve are connected in series to the first coolant pipeline;

[0009] a second coolant pipeline, wherein the input port of the second coolant pipeline is connected to the third port of the first three-way valve, and the output port of the second coolant pipeline is connected to the liquid inlet of the fuel cell stack;

[0010] PTC heater, the PTC heater is installed in the second coolant pipeline.

[0011] In conjunction with the first aspect, in one embodiment, the fuel cell thermal management system further includes:

[0012] a second three-way valve, wherein a first port and a second port of the second three-way valve are connected in series to the second coolant pipeline;

[0013] a coolant line three, wherein the output port of the coolant line three is connected to the PTC heater, and the input port of the coolant line three is connected to the third port of the second three-way valve;

[0014] The heater core and the second water pump are installed in the coolant pipeline three.

[0015] In conjunction with the first aspect, in one embodiment, the fuel cell thermal management system further includes:

[0016] a third three-way valve, wherein a first port and a second port of the third three-way valve are connected in series to the first coolant pipeline;

[0017] a fourth coolant line, the input port of the fourth coolant line being connected to the third port of the third three-way valve, and the output port of the fourth coolant line being connected to the output port of the first coolant line;

[0018] a radiator, the radiator being mounted on the coolant pipe four;

[0019] When the first port and the second port of the third three-way valve are connected, the fuel cell stack is in the small circulation loop of the coolant pipeline one; when the first port and the third port of the third three-way valve are connected, the fuel cell stack is in the large circulation loop of the coolant pipeline four.

[0020] In conjunction with the first aspect, in one embodiment, the fuel cell thermal management system further includes:

[0021] a fourth three-way valve, wherein the first port and the second port of the fourth three-way valve are connected in series to the coolant pipeline four;

[0022] a coolant line 5, wherein the input port of the coolant line 5 is connected to the third port of the fourth three-way valve, and the output port of the coolant line 5 is connected to the output port of the coolant line 4;

[0023] A heat exchanger is thermally coupled between the coolant pipeline five and the coolant pipeline three.

[0024] In conjunction with the first aspect, in one embodiment, the fuel cell thermal management system further includes:

[0025] a third three-way valve, wherein a first port and a second port of the third three-way valve are connected in series to the first coolant pipeline;

[0026] a fourth coolant line, the input port of the fourth coolant line being connected to the third port of the third three-way valve, and the output port of the fourth coolant line being connected to the output port of the first coolant line;

[0027] a radiator, the radiator being mounted on the coolant pipe four;

[0028] When the first port and the second port of the third three-way valve are connected, the fuel cell stack is in the small circulation loop of the coolant pipeline one, and when the first port and the third port of the third three-way valve are connected, the fuel cell stack is in the large circulation loop of the coolant pipeline four.

[0029] In a second aspect, embodiments of the present application provide a vehicle comprising a fuel cell thermal management system as described in some embodiments.

[0030] In a third aspect, embodiments of the present application provide a fuel cell thermal management method using the fuel cell thermal management system described in some embodiments, comprising the following steps:

[0031] When the fuel cell thermal management system is in the low-temperature cold start mode, the first and third ports of the first three-way valve are opened, and the second port of the first three-way valve is closed, so that the coolant line 2 is connected to the coolant line 1, and the first water pump and the PTC heater are turned on to make the coolant flow to the coolant line 1 and the coolant line 2 in sequence.

[0032] In conjunction with the third aspect, in one embodiment, the first and second ports of the second three-way valve are connected in series to the second coolant pipeline, the output port of the third coolant pipeline is connected to the input port of the PTC heater, the input port of the third coolant pipeline is connected to the third port of the second three-way valve, and the heater core is installed in the third coolant pipeline;

[0033] When the fuel cell thermal management system is in low-temperature cold start mode and heating is based on the PTC heater, the third port of the first three-way valve is closed and the second port of the first three-way valve is opened, so that the fuel cell stack is in the small circulation loop of the coolant pipeline;

[0034] Open the first and third ports of the second three-way valve, close the second port of the second three-way valve, start the second water pump, and make the coolant in the coolant pipe three flow, so that the heater core can supply heat.

[0035] In conjunction with the third aspect, in one embodiment, the first and second ports of the third three-way valve are connected in series to coolant pipeline one, and the third port thereof is connected to the input port of coolant pipeline four, the output port of coolant pipeline four is connected to the output port of coolant pipeline one, and the radiator is installed on coolant pipeline four;

[0036] When the temperature of the fuel cell stack reaches the preset operating temperature,

[0037] Turn off the PTC heater;

[0038] Open the first and third ports of the third three-way valve to connect the coolant line 4, thereby switching the fuel cell stack to the large circulation loop of the coolant line 4;

[0039] Turn on the radiator to allow it to dissipate heat to the coolant pipes.

[0040] In conjunction with the third aspect, in one embodiment, the first and second ports of the fourth three-way valve are connected in series to coolant line four, and the third port thereof is connected to the input port of coolant line five, the output port of coolant line five is connected to the output port of coolant line four, and a heat exchanger is thermally coupled between coolant line five and coolant line three;

[0041] When the fuel cell thermal management system is in the large circulation loop of the coolant pipe 4 and uses the waste heat of the coolant pipe 4 for heating,

[0042] Open the first and third ports of the fourth three-way valve, and close the second port of the fourth three-way valve, so that the coolant in the coolant pipeline four flows into the coolant pipeline five.

[0043] The beneficial effects of the technical solutions provided in the embodiments of the present application include:

[0044] By controlling the first and third ports of the first three-way valve to be connected and closing its second port, coolant line two is connected to coolant line one, and the coolant in coolant line one flows to the first three-way valve and then enters coolant line two. At this time, the fuel cell stack is in a small circulation loop of coolant line one and coolant line two. The coolant is directly heated by the PTC heater in coolant line two until the fuel cell stack is heated to the normal operating temperature, thereby achieving a fast cold start. This solves the problem in the related art that traditional vehicles turn on the PTC heater during cold start, and the PTC heater assists in heating the stack through the heat exchanger, resulting in slow heating speed and low heat utilization rate. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0045] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without any creative work.

[0046] FIG1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a fuel cell thermal management system;

[0047] In the figure: 1. Fuel cell stack; 2. Coolant line 1; 3. First water pump; 4. First three-way valve; 5. Coolant line 2; 6. PTC heater; 7. Second three-way valve; 8. Coolant line 3; 9. Heater core; 10. Second water pump; 11. Third three-way valve; 12. Coolant line 4; 13. Radiator; 14. Fourth three-way valve; 15. Coolant line 5; 16. Heat exchanger. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0048] In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the present invention, the following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0049] The embodiments of the present application provide a fuel cell thermal management system, a vehicle, and a fuel cell thermal management method, which can directly heat the coolant through the PTC heater in the coolant pipeline 2 until the fuel cell stack is heated to the normal operating temperature, thereby achieving a rapid cold start.

[0050] As shown in Figure 1, an embodiment of the present application provides a fuel cell thermal management system, which may include: a fuel cell stack 1, a coolant pipeline 2 is connected between the liquid outlet and the liquid inlet of the fuel cell stack 1, and the coolant pipeline 2 is installed with a first water pump 3; a first three-way valve 4, the first port and the second port of the first three-way valve 4 are connected in series to the coolant pipeline 2; a coolant pipeline 2 5, the input port of the coolant pipeline 2 5 is connected to the third port of the first three-way valve 4, and the output port is connected to the liquid inlet of the fuel cell stack 1; a PTC heater 6, the PTC heater 6 is installed on the coolant pipeline 2 5. Among them, by controlling the first and third ports of the first three-way valve 4 to be connected and closing its second port, the coolant pipeline 2 5 is connected to the coolant pipeline 1 2, and the coolant in the coolant pipeline 1 2 flows to the first three-way valve 4, and then enters the coolant pipeline 2 5. At this time, the fuel cell stack 1 is in the small circulation loop of the coolant pipeline 1 2 and the coolant pipeline 2 5. The coolant is directly heated by the PTC heater 6 in the coolant pipeline 2 5 until the fuel cell stack 1 is heated to the normal operating temperature, thereby achieving a fast cold start, which solves the problem in the related technology that the traditional vehicle turns on the PTC heater 6 during cold start, and the PTC heater 6 assists in heating the stack through the heat exchanger, resulting in slow heating speed and low heat utilization rate.

[0051] Furthermore, the fuel cell thermal management system may also include: a second three-way valve 7, wherein the first and second ports of the second three-way valve 7 are connected in series to the second coolant line 5; a third coolant line 8, wherein the output port of the third coolant line 8 is connected to the PTC heater 6, and the input port of the third coolant line 8 is connected to the third port of the second three-way valve 7; a heater core 9 and a second water pump 10, wherein the heater core 9 and the second water pump 10 are installed in the third coolant line 8. In the low-temperature cold start mode, based on the PTC heating circuit: the PTC heater 6, the second three-way valve 7, the second water pump 10, and the heater core 9, the PTC heater 6 continues to operate, heating the coolant, which then passes through the heater core 9 to blow hot air into the passenger compartment. The purpose of this is still to quickly improve the temperature of the passenger compartment through direct heating by the PTC heater 6, providing a comfortable experience for the driver.

[0052] Furthermore, the fuel cell thermal management system may further include: a third three-way valve 11, wherein the first and second ports of the third three-way valve 11 are connected in series to the coolant line 1-2; a coolant line 4-12, wherein the input port of the coolant line 4-12 is connected to the third port of the third three-way valve 11, and the output port of the coolant line 4-12 is connected to the output port of the coolant line 1-2; and a radiator 13, wherein the radiator 13 is mounted on the coolant line 4-12. When the first and second ports of the third three-way valve 11 are connected, the fuel cell stack 1 is in the small circulation loop of the coolant line 1-2; when the first and third ports of the third three-way valve 11 are connected, the fuel cell stack 1 is in the large circulation loop of the coolant line 4-12. When the temperature of the fuel cell stack 1 reaches the appropriate operating temperature, the large circulation loop needs to be opened to continuously dissipate heat for the fuel cell stack 1. At this time, the first and third ports of the third three-way valve 11 are connected, and the second port is closed; the first and second ports of the first three-way valve 4 are connected, and the third port is closed. The coolant passes through the fuel cell stack 1 , the third three-way valve 11 , the radiator 13 , the first water pump 3 , the first three-way valve 4 in sequence, and then flows into the fuel cell stack 1 .

[0053] Furthermore, the fuel cell thermal management system may also include: a fourth three-way valve 14, the first and second ports of which are connected in series to the fourth coolant line 12; a fifth coolant line 15, the input port of which is connected to the third port of the fourth three-way valve 14, and the output port of which is connected to the output port of the fourth coolant line 12; and a heat exchanger 16 thermally coupled between the fifth coolant line 15 and the third coolant line 8. The fuel cell stack 1 is located in the large circulation loop of the fourth coolant line 12, and the heating circuit based on the waste heat of the fourth coolant line 12 comprises: a PTC heater 6, a second three-way valve 7, a second water pump 10, a heat exchanger 16, and a heater core 9. At this time, the third port of the first three-way valve 4 is closed, and no coolant enters the PTC heater 6 from the first three-way valve 4. The second port of the second three-way valve 7 is closed, and its third port is open. The second port of the fourth three-way valve 14 is closed, and its third port is open. Coolant enters the coolant pipeline 15 and the heat exchanger 16 from the fourth three-way valve 14. At this time, heat exchange occurs in the heat exchanger 16; the PTC heater 6 is not operating. The heat provided for heating in this cycle comes only from the heat exchanger 16. The coolant passes through the PTC heater 6, the second three-way valve 7, the second water pump 10, the heat exchanger 16, and the heater core 9 in sequence. Of course, in extreme cases, the PTC heater 6 can also be turned on to provide heating for the passenger compartment.

[0054] In some embodiments, the fuel cell thermal management system may further include: a third three-way valve 11, wherein the first and second ports of the third three-way valve 11 are connected in series to the coolant line 1-2; a coolant line 4-12, wherein the input port of the coolant line 4-12 is connected to the third port of the third three-way valve 11, and the output port thereof is connected to the output port of the coolant line 1-2; and a radiator 13, wherein the radiator 13 is installed on the coolant line 4-12; when the first and second ports of the third three-way valve 11 are connected, the fuel cell stack 1 is in the small circulation loop of the coolant line 1-2, and when the first and third ports of the third three-way valve 11 are connected, the fuel cell stack 1 is in the large circulation loop of the coolant line 4-12. When the temperature of the fuel cell stack 1 reaches a suitable operating temperature, it is necessary to open the large circulation loop to continuously dissipate heat for the fuel cell stack 1.

[0055] In some embodiments, the present application provides a vehicle comprising the fuel cell thermal management system described in some of the above embodiments.

[0056] In some embodiments, the present application provides a fuel cell thermal management method using the fuel cell thermal management system described in some of the above embodiments, which includes the following steps:

[0057] When the fuel cell thermal management system is in the low-temperature cold start mode, the first and third ports of the first three-way valve 4 are opened, and the second port of the first three-way valve 4 is closed, so that the coolant pipeline 2 5 is connected to the coolant pipeline 1 2, and the first water pump 3 and the PTC heater 6 are turned on, so that the coolant flows to the coolant pipeline 1 2 and the coolant pipeline 2 5 in sequence.

[0058] Furthermore, the first and second ports of the second three-way valve 7 are connected in series to the coolant pipeline 2 5, the output port of the coolant pipeline 3 8 is connected to the input port of the PTC heater 6, the input port of the coolant pipeline 3 8 is connected to the third port of the second three-way valve 7, and the heater core 9 is installed on the coolant pipeline 3 8;

[0059] When the fuel cell thermal management system is in low-temperature cold start mode and heating is based on the PTC heater 6, the third port of the first three-way valve 4 is closed and the second port of the first three-way valve 4 is opened, so that the fuel cell stack 1 is in the small circulation loop of the coolant pipe 1 2;

[0060] Open the first and third ports of the second three-way valve 7, close the second port of the second three-way valve 7, start the second water pump 10, and make the coolant in the coolant pipe 3 8 flow, so that the heater core 9 provides heat.

[0061] Furthermore, the first and second ports of the third three-way valve 11 are connected in series to the coolant line 1 2, and the third port thereof is connected to the input port of the coolant line 4 12. The output port of the coolant line 4 12 is connected to the output port of the coolant line 1 2, and the radiator 13 is installed on the coolant line 4 12.

[0062] When the temperature of the fuel cell stack 1 reaches the preset operating temperature,

[0063] Turn off the PTC heater 6;

[0064] Open the first and third ports of the third three-way valve 11 to connect the coolant pipe 4 12, thereby switching the fuel cell stack 1 to the large circulation loop of the coolant pipe 4 12;

[0065] The radiator 13 is turned on to dissipate heat to the coolant pipe 4 12.

[0066] Furthermore, the first and second ports of the fourth three-way valve 14 are connected in series to the coolant line 4 12 , and the third port thereof is connected to the input port of the coolant line 5 15 . The output port of the coolant line 5 15 is connected to the output port of the coolant line 4 12 . A heat exchanger 16 is thermally coupled between the coolant line 5 15 and the coolant line 3 8 .

[0067] When the fuel cell thermal management system is in the large circulation loop of the coolant pipe 4 12 and the waste heat of the coolant pipe 4 12 is used for heating,

[0068] The first port and the third port of the fourth three-way valve 14 are opened, and the second port of the fourth three-way valve 14 is closed, so that the coolant in the coolant pipeline 4 12 flows into the coolant pipeline 5 15 .

[0069] In summary, as shown in Figure 1, a complete description of the fuel cell thermal management method is given:

[0070] 1. Small circulation loop in normal startup mode: fuel cell stack 1, third three-way valve 11, first water pump 3, first three-way valve 4. At this time, the third port of the third three-way valve 11 is closed, while the first and second ports are open; the first and second ports of the first three-way valve 4 are open, while the third port is closed. Coolant flows sequentially through the fuel cell stack 1, the third three-way valve 11, the first water pump 3, the first three-way valve 4, and then into the fuel cell stack 1.

[0071] 2. Large circulation loop in normal startup mode: fuel cell stack 1, third three-way valve 11, radiator 13, fourth three-way valve 14, first water pump 3, first three-way valve 4. In normal startup mode, when the stack temperature of the fuel cell stack 1 reaches the appropriate operating temperature, it is necessary to open the large circulation loop of coolant pipe 4 12 to continuously dissipate heat for the fuel cell. At this time, the third port of the third three-way valve 11 is open, and its second port is closed; the second port of the fourth three-way valve 14 is open, and its third port is closed; the second port of the first three-way valve 4 is open, and its third port is closed. The coolant passes through the fuel cell stack 1, the third three-way valve 11, the radiator 13, the fourth three-way valve 14, the first water pump 3, the first three-way valve 4 in sequence, and then flows into the fuel cell stack 1.

[0072] 3. Heating circuit based on waste heat utilization in normal startup mode: PTC heater 6, second three-way valve 7, second water pump 10, heat exchanger 16, heater core 9. At this time, the third port of the first three-way valve 4 is closed, and no coolant enters the PTC heater 6 from the first three-way valve 4; the second port of the second three-way valve 7 is closed, and its third port is open; the second port of the fourth three-way valve 14 is closed, and its third port is open, allowing coolant to enter the heat exchanger 16 from the fourth three-way valve 14. At this time, heat exchange occurs in the heat exchanger 16; the PTC heater 6 is not operating. The heat provided for heating in this cycle comes only from the heat exchanger 16. The coolant passes through the PTC heater 6, second three-way valve 7, second water pump 10, heat exchanger 16, and heater core 9 in sequence. In extreme cases, the PTC heater 6 can also be turned on to provide heating for the passenger compartment.

[0073] IV. Small circulation loop in low-temperature cold start mode: fuel cell stack 1, third three-way valve 11, first water pump 3, first three-way valve 4, PTC heater 6, second three-way valve 7. At this time, the second port of the third three-way valve 11 is open, and its third port is closed; the second port of the first three-way valve 4 is closed, and its third port is open; the second port of the second three-way valve 7 is open, and its third port is closed. The coolant flows through the fuel cell stack 1, the third three-way valve 11, the first water pump 3, the first three-way valve 4, the PTC heater 6, the second three-way valve 7, and then flows into the fuel cell stack 1.

[0074] In the low-temperature cold start mode, the PTC heater 6 is used to quickly heat the coolant, thereby achieving a rapid cold start. After a successful cold start, the entire vehicle has a stable energy source that can power other electrical appliances on the vehicle and support the driver's heating needs.

[0075] V. Heating circuit based on PTC heater 6 in low-temperature cold start mode: PTC heater 6, second three-way valve 7, second water pump 10, heat exchanger 16, heater core 9. At this point, the third port of the first three-way valve 4 is closed, and no coolant enters the PTC heater 6 from the first three-way valve 4. The second port of the second three-way valve 7 is closed, and its third port is open. The third port of the fourth three-way valve 14 is closed, and no coolant enters the heat exchanger 16 from the fourth three-way valve 14. At this point, no heat is exchanged in the heat exchanger 16. Heat for heating in this cycle comes solely from the PTC heater 6. Coolant passes through the PTC heater 6, second three-way valve 7, second water pump 10, heat exchanger 16, and heater core 9 in this order. In low-temperature cold start mode, the driver inevitably needs heating. After a successful low-temperature cold start, the vehicle's power supply is restored, and the PTC heater 6 continues to operate, heating the coolant, which then passes through the heater core 9 and blows hot air into the passenger compartment. The purpose of doing this is still to quickly improve the temperature of the passenger compartment through direct heating by the PTC heater 6, so as to bring a comfortable experience to the driver.

[0076] VI. Heating circuit based on waste heat utilization in low-temperature cold start mode: PTC heater 6, second three-way valve 7, second water pump 10, heat exchanger 16, heater core 9. At this time, the third port of the first three-way valve 4 is closed, and no coolant enters the PTC heater 6 from the first three-way valve 4; the second port of the second three-way valve 7 is closed, and its third port is open; the second port of the fourth three-way valve 14 is closed, and its third port is open, allowing coolant to enter the heat exchanger 16 from the fourth three-way valve 14, at which point heat exchange occurs in the heat exchanger 16; the PTC heater 6 stops operating. The heat provided for heating in this cycle comes only from the heat exchanger 16. The coolant passes through the PTC heater 6, second three-way valve 7, second water pump 10, heat exchanger 16, and heater core 9 in sequence.

[0077] In low-temperature cold start mode, once the heating circuit based on the PTC heater 6 has quickly improved the passenger compartment temperature, the PTC heater 6 can be deactivated to save energy, and the heat generated by the fuel cell stack 1 can be used to heat the passenger compartment. In extreme cases, the PTC heater 6 can also be turned on to provide heating for the passenger compartment.

[0078] In the description of this application, it should be noted that the terms "upper" and "lower" and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on this application. Unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection, or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, or it can be internal communication between two elements. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in this application can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0079] It should be noted that, in this application, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the terms "include", "comprise" or any other variants thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or device comprising a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements not explicitly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such process, method, article or device. In the absence of further restrictions, an element defined by the sentence "comprising a ..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article or device comprising the element.

[0080] The foregoing is merely a list of specific embodiments of the present application, intended to enable those skilled in the art to understand or implement the present application. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present application. Therefore, the present application is not limited to the embodiments shown herein, but is intended to conform to the broadest scope consistent with the principles and novel features of the present application.

Claims

1. A fuel cell thermal management system, characterized in that: It includes: A fuel cell stack (1), wherein a coolant pipeline (2) is connected between a liquid outlet and a liquid inlet of the fuel cell stack (1), and a first water pump (3) is installed in the coolant pipeline (2); a first three-way valve (4), wherein a first port and a second port of the first three-way valve (4) are connected in series to the first coolant pipeline (2); A second coolant pipeline (5), wherein the input port of the second coolant pipeline (5) is connected to the third port of the first three-way valve (4), and the output port is connected to the liquid inlet of the fuel cell stack (1); A PTC heater (6), the PTC heater (6) is installed on the second coolant pipeline (5).

2. The fuel cell thermal management system according to claim 1, wherein: The fuel cell thermal management system further comprises: a second three-way valve (7), wherein the first port and the second port of the second three-way valve (7) are connected in series to the second coolant pipeline (5); Coolant pipeline three (8), the output port of the coolant pipeline three (8) is connected to the PTC heater (6), and the input port of the coolant pipeline three (8) is connected to the third port of the second three-way valve (7); A heater core (9) and a second water pump (10), wherein the heater core (9) and the second water pump (10) are installed on the coolant pipe three (8).

3. The fuel cell thermal management system according to claim 2, wherein: The fuel cell thermal management system further comprises: A third three-way valve (11), wherein the first port and the second port of the third three-way valve (11) are connected in series to the first coolant pipeline (2); Cooling liquid pipeline four (12), the input port of the cooling liquid pipeline four (12) is connected to the third port of the third three-way valve (11), and the output port thereof is connected to the output port of the cooling liquid pipeline one (2); A radiator (13), the radiator (13) being installed on the coolant pipe four (12); When the first port and the second port of the third three-way valve (11) are connected, the fuel cell stack (1) is in the small circulation loop of the coolant pipeline (2); when the first port and the third port of the third three-way valve (11) are connected, the fuel cell stack (1) is in the large circulation loop of the coolant pipeline (12).

4. The fuel cell thermal management system according to claim 3, wherein: The fuel cell thermal management system further comprises: A fourth three-way valve (14), wherein the first port and the second port of the fourth three-way valve (14) are connected in series to the coolant pipeline four (12); Coolant pipeline five (15), the input port of the coolant pipeline five (15) is connected to the third port of the fourth three-way valve (14), and the output port thereof is connected to the output port of the coolant pipeline four (12); A heat exchanger (16), wherein the heat exchanger (16) is thermally coupled between the coolant line five (15) and the coolant line three (8).

5. The fuel cell thermal management system according to claim 1, wherein: The fuel cell thermal management system further comprises: A third three-way valve (11), wherein the first port and the second port of the third three-way valve (11) are connected in series to the first coolant pipeline (2); Cooling liquid pipeline four (12), the input port of the cooling liquid pipeline four (12) is connected to the third port of the third three-way valve (11), and the output port thereof is connected to the output port of the cooling liquid pipeline one (2); A radiator (13), the radiator (13) being installed on the coolant pipe four (12); When the first port and the second port of the third three-way valve (11) are connected, the fuel cell stack (1) is in the small circulation loop of the coolant pipeline (2); when the first port and the third port of the third three-way valve (11) are connected, the fuel cell stack (1) is in the large circulation loop of the coolant pipeline (12).

6. A vehicle, characterized in that: It includes a fuel cell thermal management system, the fuel cell thermal management system including: A fuel cell stack (1), wherein a coolant pipeline (2) is connected between a liquid outlet and a liquid inlet of the fuel cell stack (1), and a first water pump (3) is installed in the coolant pipeline (2); a first three-way valve (4), wherein a first port and a second port of the first three-way valve (4) are connected in series to the first coolant pipeline (2); A second coolant pipeline (5), wherein the input port of the second coolant pipeline (5) is connected to the third port of the first three-way valve (4), and the output port is connected to the liquid inlet of the fuel cell stack (1); A PTC heater (6), the PTC heater (6) is installed on the second coolant pipeline (5).

7. The vehicle according to claim 6, wherein: The fuel cell thermal management system further comprises: a second three-way valve (7), wherein the first port and the second port of the second three-way valve (7) are connected in series to the second coolant pipeline (5); Coolant pipeline three (8), the output port of the coolant pipeline three (8) is connected to the PTC heater (6), and the input port of the coolant pipeline three (8) is connected to the third port of the second three-way valve (7); A heater core (9) and a second water pump (10), wherein the heater core (9) and the second water pump (10) are installed on the coolant pipe three (8).

8. The vehicle according to claim 7, wherein: The fuel cell thermal management system further comprises: A third three-way valve (11), wherein the first port and the second port of the third three-way valve (11) are connected in series to the first coolant pipeline (2); Cooling liquid pipeline four (12), the input port of the cooling liquid pipeline four (12) is connected to the third port of the third three-way valve (11), and the output port thereof is connected to the output port of the cooling liquid pipeline one (2); A radiator (13), the radiator (13) being installed on the coolant pipe four (12); When the first port and the second port of the third three-way valve (11) are connected, the fuel cell stack (1) is in the small circulation loop of the coolant pipeline (2); when the first port and the third port of the third three-way valve (11) are connected, the fuel cell stack (1) is in the large circulation loop of the coolant pipeline (12).

9. The vehicle according to claim 8, wherein: The fuel cell thermal management system further comprises: A fourth three-way valve (14), wherein the first port and the second port of the fourth three-way valve (14) are connected in series to the coolant pipeline four (12); Coolant pipeline five (15), the input port of the coolant pipeline five (15) is connected to the third port of the fourth three-way valve (14), and the output port thereof is connected to the output port of the coolant pipeline four (12); A heat exchanger (16), wherein the heat exchanger (16) is thermally coupled between the coolant line five (15) and the coolant line three (8).

10. The vehicle according to claim 6, wherein: The fuel cell thermal management system further comprises: A third three-way valve (11), wherein the first port and the second port of the third three-way valve (11) are connected in series to the first coolant pipeline (2); Cooling liquid pipeline four (12), the input port of the cooling liquid pipeline four (12) is connected to the third port of the third three-way valve (11), and the output port thereof is connected to the output port of the cooling liquid pipeline one (2); A radiator (13), the radiator (13) being installed on the coolant pipe four (12); When the first port and the second port of the third three-way valve (11) are connected, the fuel cell stack (1) is in the small circulation loop of the coolant pipeline (2); when the first port and the third port of the third three-way valve (11) are connected, the fuel cell stack (1) is in the large circulation loop of the coolant pipeline (12).

11. A fuel cell thermal management method using the fuel cell thermal management system according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: It includes the following steps: When the fuel cell thermal management system is in a low-temperature cold start mode, the first port and the third port of the first three-way valve (4) are opened, and the second port of the first three-way valve (4) is closed, so that the coolant pipeline 2 (5) is connected to the coolant pipeline 1 (2), and the first water pump (3) and the PTC heater (6) are turned on, so that the coolant flows to the coolant pipeline 1 (2) and the coolant pipeline 2 (5) in sequence.

12. The fuel cell thermal management method according to claim 11, wherein: The first and second ports of the second three-way valve (7) are connected in series to the coolant pipeline 2 (5), the output port of the coolant pipeline 3 (8) is connected to the input port of the PTC heater (6), the input port of the coolant pipeline 3 (8) is connected to the third port of the second three-way valve (7), and the heater core (9) is installed on the coolant pipeline 3 (8); When the fuel cell thermal management system is in a low-temperature cold start mode and heating is provided by the PTC heater (6), the third port of the first three-way valve (4) is closed and the second port of the first three-way valve (4) is opened, so that the fuel cell stack (1) is in a small circulation loop of the coolant pipe line 1 (2); The first and third ports of the second three-way valve (7) are opened, and the second port of the second three-way valve (7) is closed, and the second water pump (10) is started to operate, so that the coolant in the coolant pipe three (8) flows, thereby allowing the heater core (9) to supply heat.

13. The fuel cell thermal management method according to claim 12, wherein: The first and second ports of the third three-way valve (11) are connected in series to the coolant pipeline one (2), and the third port thereof is connected to the input port of the coolant pipeline four (12), the output port of the coolant pipeline four (12) is connected to the output port of the coolant pipeline one (2), and the radiator (13) is installed on the coolant pipeline four (12); When the temperature of the fuel cell stack (1) reaches the preset operating temperature, Turn off the PTC heater (6); Open the first port and the third port of the third three-way valve (11) to connect the coolant pipeline four (12), thereby switching the fuel cell stack (1) to the large circulation loop of the coolant pipeline four (12); The radiator (13) is turned on to allow the radiator (13) to dissipate heat to the coolant pipe four (12).

14. The fuel cell thermal management method according to claim 13, wherein: The first and second ports of the fourth three-way valve (14) are connected in series to the coolant pipeline four (12), and the third port thereof is connected to the input port of the coolant pipeline five (15), the output port of the coolant pipeline five (15) is connected to the output port of the coolant pipeline four (12), and a heat exchanger (16) is thermally coupled between the coolant pipeline five (15) and the coolant pipeline three (8); When the fuel cell thermal management system is in the large circulation loop of the coolant pipe four (12) and the waste heat of the coolant pipe four (12) is used for heating, Open the first and third ports of the fourth three-way valve (14), and close the second port of the fourth three-way valve (14), so that the coolant in the coolant pipeline four (12) flows into the coolant pipeline five (15).

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