Spectacle lens and kit

Abstract

Spectacle lens comprising i) a structure-free simply connected central zone, said structure-free simply connected central zone comprising an optical centre of said spectacle lens or a fitting point of said spectacle lens, said optical centre being defined as in ISO 13666:2019(E), entry 3.2.15, said fitting point being defined as in ISO 13666:2019(E), entry 3.2.34, said structure-free simply connected central zone having a central zone width, said central zone having a central zone width, ii) a ring-shaped connected peripheral zone, said ring-shaped connected peripheral zone being limited by an onset line representing an absolute value of a difference in surface mean power above a predefined threshold, said absolute value of the difference in surface mean power being relative to a surface mean power at the optical centre of the spectacle lens or at the fitting point of the spectacle lens, characterized in that a plurality of structures being positioned between said structure-free simply connected central zone and said ring-shaped connected peripheral zone.

Description

[0001] Spectacle lens and kit

[0002] Field of the invention

[0003] The present invention relates to a spectacle lens according to the preamble of claim 1 or a spectacle lens according to the preamble of claim 3, a kit according to the preamble of claim 8, and a method according to the preamble of claim 13, a method according to the preamble of claim 15, a method according to the preamble of claim 16.

[0004] Related prior art

[0005] WO 2007 / 041796 A1 discloses and schematically shows for example in Figure 1 an ophthalmic lens element comprising a central zone and a peripheral zone surrounding the central zone. The mean surface power of the peripheral zone at a radius of 20 mm from the optical centre of the lens element as measured on the front surface of the lens element is at least +0.5 D relative to the surface power at the optical centre of the central zone and inscribes the peripheral zone over an azimuthal extent of at least 270 degrees. The central zone may blend into the peripheral zone via a blended zone so that a mean refracting power varies gradually in a radially outward direction from the boundary of the central zone and into the peripheral zone. Alternatively, a transition between the central zone and the peripheral zone provides a stepped change in refractive power.

[0006] WO 2009 / 052570 A1 discloses and schematically shows in Figure 1 an ophthalmic lens element comprising a central region and a peripheral region of positive power relative to the central region. The distribution of relative plus power throughout the peripheral region shall provide an optical correction for retarding myopia for a wearer. The peripheral region includes dual progressive zones which are located bilaterally of a vertical meridian of the lens element and extend radially outwardly from the central region. The progressive zones are typically rotationally-asymmetric zones which provide, along a respective semi-meridian of the lens element, a positive gradient in power over a range defined by ra< rx< rb in which raand rb are radial distances from the optical centre of the lens element, for example 8 mm < rx< 22 mm. For each progressive zone, ramay correspond with the intersection of the boundary of the central region with the respective horizontal semi-meridian. The boundary is typically defined in terms of a power increase, such as a contour representing a 0.25 D increase in mean surface power relative to the mean surface power at the optical centre of the lens element. The lens element provides a distribution of surface astigmatism which provides, on the horizontal meridian, a relatively low surface astigmatism in the central region and the progressive zones.

[0007] The designs of the ophthalmic lens elements disclosed in WO 2007 / 041796 A1 and in WO 2009 / 052570 A1 are based on the peripheral defocus strategy suggesting inducing a myopic defocus in the peripheral retina to inhibit eye length growth and, therefore, retard myopia progression. The peripheral defocus strategy is assumed to retard myopia progression even if allowing the central region as in the designs disclosed in WO 2007 / 041796 A1 and in WO 2009 / 052570 A1 for a clear retinal image at the fovea of an eye. CN 111103701 A discloses a spectacle lens comprising an annular cylindrical microstructure, arranged as shown in figure 1 . The central optical area is circular having a radius of 5 mm to 10 mm, the center of the spectacle lens being the center of the circle. The annular cylindrical microstructure is located outside the central optical area having a radius between the one of the central optical area and 20 mm or more. The radial width of the annular cylindrical microstructures is 0.5 mm to 2 mm. The distance between the different cylindrical microstructures is 0.5 mm to 3 mm.

[0008] The design of the spectacle lens disclosed in CN 111103701 A is based on the simultaneous competing defocus theory proposing the eye experiencing conflicting visual signals between the fovea and the periphery. These visual signals are assumed to expose the peripheral retina simultaneously to competing focal planes. Since refractive development typically targets the more anterior focal plane, the likelihood that the eye becomes myopic is reduced.

[0009] Problem to be solved

[0010] WO 2007 / 041796 A1 , in particular page 4, fourth paragraph, describes “a second refracting power is a refracting power at a radius of 20 mm from [the] optical centre of the ophthalmic lens element” in connection with page 5, fifth paragraph, describing that “positive refracting power is not accommodatable, and thus may induce blur on the fovea of the retina when the eye rotates to view objects in the periphery of the original field of view. In other words, the positive refracting power may induce blur on the fovea when the wearer looks at objects away from the optical axis of the lens (in other words, off-axis objects). Accordingly, in an embodiment the central zone is shaped and sized to provide the required optical correction over a range of eye-rotations so as to provide the wearer with the ability to view objects within an angular range, by rotating the eye over the range of eye-rotations, without inducing blur on the fovea. In other words, it is preferred that the central zone is shaped and sized to provide an area of substantially uniform refracting power to support clear foveal vision (hereinafter "central vision") throughout an angular range of eye rotations”. Thus, the problem underlying the present invention is to provide an ophthalmic lens element maintaining clear foveal vision within the central zone so as to provide the wearer with the ability to view objects within an angular range while improving the efficacy for retarding myopia progression.

[0011] Summary of the invention

[0012] The problem has been solved by the spectacle lens according to claim 1 and the spectacle lens according to claim 3, the kit according to claim 8 and the method according to claim 13, the method according to claim 15, the method according to claim 16.

[0013] The spectacle lens comprises i) a structure-free simply connected central zone, said structure-free simply connected central zone comprising an optical centre of said spectacle lens or a fitting point of said spectacle lens, said optical centre being defined as in ISO 13666:2019(E), entry 3.2.15, said fitting point being defined as in ISO 13666:2019(E), entry 3.2.34, said structure-free simply connected central zone having a central zone width, ii) a ring-shaped connected peripheral zone, said ring-shaped connected peripheral zone being limited by an onset line representing an absolute value of a difference in surface mean power above a predefined threshold, said absolute value of the difference in surface mean power being relative to a surface mean power at the optical centre of the spectacle lens or at the fitting point of the spectacle lens, the spectacle lens is characterized in that a plurality of structures is positioned between said structure-free simply connected central zone and said ring-shaped connected peripheral zone.

[0014] In particular, the spectacle lens comprises i) the structure-free simply connected central zone, said structure-free simply connected central zone comprising the optical centre of said spectacle lens, said optical centre being defined as in

[0015] ISO 13666:2019(E), entry 3.2.15, said central zone having the central zone width, ii) the ring-shaped connected peripheral zone, said ring-shaped connected peripheral zone being limited by the onset line representing the absolute value of the difference in surface mean power above the predefined threshold, said absolute value of the difference in surface mean power being relative to the surface mean power at the optical centre of the spectacle lens, characterized in that the plurality of structures being positioned between said structure-free simply connected central zone and said ring-shaped connected peripheral zone, said ring-shaped connected peripheral zone being limited by a single onset line.

[0016] A “spectacle lens” is defined as in ISO 13666:2019(E), entry 3.5.2, an ophthalmic lens (3.5.1) worn in front of, but not in contact with, an eyeball. Preferably, the spectacle lens is a single-vision spectacle lens or a position-specific single-vision spectacle lens, the single-vision spectacle lens as defined in ISO 13666:2019(E), entry 3.7.1 , as spectacle lens (3.5.2) designed to provide a single dioptric power (3.10.3), the position-specific single-vision spectacle lens as defined in ISO 13666:2019(E), entry 3.7.2, as single-vision spectacle lens (3.7.1), generally with complex surface geometry, that needs to be positioned accurately according to an ordered specification and bears permanent alignment reference markings (3.15.25). As in note 1 to entry 3.7.2 of ISO 13666:2019(E), an example of position-specific single-vision spectacle lenses are those single-vision spectacle lenses (3.7.1) calculated to take into account an as-worn position (3.2.36) and therefore requiring accurate mounting in front of a wearer’s eye.

[0017] A structure-free central zone is “simply connected” if it is path-connected and every path between two points can be continuously transformed into any other such path while preserving said two points.

[0018] A “structure-free simply connected central zone” of a surface of the spectacle lens, said surface comprising a plurality of structures, is a domain of said surface of the spectacle lens not comprising any structure on said surface of the spectacle lens. The structure-free simply connected central zone of the spectacle lens is a domain of the spectacle lens comprising each x,y position that is comprised in said structure-free simply connected central zone of both a front surface and a back surface of the spectacle lens.

[0019] The structure-free simply connected central zone comprises an optical centre of the spectacle lens or a fitting point of the spectacle lens.

[0020] The “optical centre” of the spectacle lens is as defined in ISO 13666:2019(E), entry 3.2.15, an intersection of an optical axis (3.1 .8) with a front surface (3.2.13) of the spectacle lens (3.5.2). The “fitting point” of the spectacle lens is as defined in ISO 13666:2019(E), entry 3.2.34, a point on a front surface (3.2.13) of the spectacle lens (3.5.2) stipulated by a manufacturer for positioning the spectacle lens in front of an eye.

[0021] According to note 1 to entry 3.2.30 (centration point) of 13666:2019(E), the optical centre (3.2.15) usually applies to the single-vision spectacle lens (3.7.1), the fitting point (3.2.34) usually to the position-specific single-vision spectacle lens (3.7.2). Further, according to ISO 8980-1 :2017(E), entry 7.1 , position-specific single-vision spectacle lenses shall have permanent alignment reference marking comprising two marks located nominally 34 mm apart, equidistant to a vertical plane through the fitting point.

[0022] The structure-free simply connected central zone has a central zone width. With respect to the spectacle lens being the single-vision spectacle lens and with respect to a plurality of structures, each structure of said plurality of structures being limited by one onset line or at least a structure of said plurality of structures closest to the optical centre being limited by one onset line, the “central zone width” is defined as diameter of a circle, a radius of said circle being a distance between the optical centre of the spectacle lens and a closest neighbouring onset of an onset line of a closest neighbouring structure of said plurality of structures to the optical centre of the spectacle lens. With respect to the spectacle lens being the position-specific single-vision spectacle lens and with respect to a plurality of structures, each structure of said plurality of structures being limited by one onset line or at least a structure of said plurality of structures closest to the fitting point being limited by one onset line, the central zone width is defined as diameter of a circle, a radius of said circle being a distance between the fitting point of the spectacle lens and a closest neighbouring onset of an onset line of a closest neighbouring structure of said plurality of structures to the fitting point of the spectacle lens. Said circle with the radius as determined before comprises the optical centre of the spectacle lens or the fitting point of the spectacle lens, said circle is not comprising any structure. A circle centre of said circle may coincide with the optical centre or the fitting point of the spectacle lens. With respect to a plurality of structures, each structure of said plurality of structures being limited by two onset lines, i.e., each structure of said plurality of structures being ring-shaped as defined below, or at least a structure of said plurality of structures closest to the optical centre of the spectacle lens or the fitting point of the spectacle being limited by two onset lines, the central zone width is a maximum distance of inner onsets of an inner onset line of an innermost structure of said plurality of structures, said innermost structure being limited by two onset lines, said inner onset line and an outer onset line. Said inner onset line of said innermost structure of said plurality of structures shall be an onset line closer to the optical centre of the spectacle lens or closer to the fitting point of the spectacle lens. Said outer onset line of said innermost structure of said plurality of structures shall be an onset line further away from the optical centre of the spectacle lens or further away from the fitting point of the spectacle lens. The central zone width may be selected, for example, as respective diameter or as respective maximum distance from one of the following central zone widths:

[0023] - a diameter of a circular central zone or a maximum distance of inner onsets of the inner onset line of the innermost ring-shaped structure being in a range from 2 mm to 11 mm,

[0024] - a diameter of a circular central zone or a maximum distance of inner onsets of the inner onset line of the innermost ring-shaped structure being in a range from 3 mm to 10 mm,

[0025] - a diameter of a circular central zone or a maximum distance of inner onsets of the inner onset line of the innermost ring-shaped structure being in a range from 4 mm to 9 mm,

[0026] - a diameter of a circular central zone or a maximum distance of inner onsets of the inner onset line of the innermost ring-shaped structure being in a range from 5 mm to 8 mm.

[0027] By selecting the central zone width in one of the before-mentioned ranges, the plurality of structures is assumed to provide a stop or slow signal over larger units of a retina closer to a fovea of an eye.

[0028] With respect to axial elongation or eye growth, defocus at the peripheral retina especially that is within approximately ±40° to ±45° degrees on either side of the fovea and especially those closer to the fovea was found to have a greater effect on refractive error progression (see for example Figure 6 in E. L. Smith III, B. Arumugam, L.-F. Hung, Z. She, K. Beach and P. Sankaridurg, Vision Research, 177 (2020) 32-40, https: / / doi.Org / 10.1016 / j.visres.2020.08.003). This may be related to the weight of the signals from across the retina wherein the relative weight of signals associated with a given area of the retina decreases with eccentricity possibly due to the decrease in the density of the neurons with eccentricity from fovea (C. A. Curcio, K. R. Sloan, R. E. Kalina, A. E. Hendrickson, The Journal of Comparative Neurology 292:497-523 (1990), doi: 10.1002 / cne.902920402). Thus, while it may be advantageous to have a strong signal closer to the fovea in the peripheral retinal region (within approximately ±40° degrees on either side of the fovea), there is a need to balance the magnitude of the signal with visual performance. Imposing stop or slow signals over larger units of the retina closer to the fovea may impact visual performance especially in a spectacle lens wearer due to the fact eye movements occur independent of the spectacle lens position.

[0029] A connected peripheral zone is “ring-shaped” if said connected peripheral zone has a path within said connected peripheral zone that surrounds a domain not comprised in said connected peripheral zone from a point within said connected peripheral zone and ends in said point again. Preferably said domain not comprised in said connected peripheral zone is closer to the optical centre of the spectacle lens or closer to the fitting point of the spectacle lens than each onset of an onset line of the ringshaped connected peripheral zone. The ring-shaped connected peripheral zone is surrounding said domain not comprised in said ring-shaped connected peripheral zone. For each line connecting the optical centre or the fitting point of the spectacle lens with a point on an edge of the spectacle lens, a part of this line which is closer to the optical centre or the fitting point of the spectacle lens crosses said domain not comprised in said ring-shaped connected peripheral zone and a part of this line which is further away from the optical centre or the fitting point of the spectacle lens crosses said ring- shaped connected peripheral zone. The onset line of the ring-shaped connected peripheral zone defines the boundary between the before-mentioned parts of this line. In other words, for each line connecting the optical centre or the fitting point of the spectacle lens with the point of the edge of the spectacle lens, the part of this line which is closer to the optical centre or the fitting point of the spectacle lens crosses said domain not comprised in said ring-shaped connected peripheral zone and the part of this line which is further away from the optical centre or the fitting point of the spectacle lens crosses said ring-shaped connected peripheral zone. This means that a single onset line of the ringshaped connected peripheral zone defines the boundary between the before-mentioned parts of this line. Thus, the boundary separates said domain not comprised in said ring-shaped connected peripheral zone from a domain of said ring-shaped connected peripheral zone, i.e. from said ringshaped connected peripheral zone. Having said single onset line of the ring-shaped connected peripheral zone defining the boundary separating said domain not comprised in said ring-shaped connected peripheral zone from said domain of said ring-shaped connected peripheral zone also means that said domain of said ring-shaped connected peripheral zone extends to the edge of the spectacle lens.

[0030] A ring-shaped peripheral zone is “connected” if it cannot be split up into two or more independent peripheral zones. The ring-shaped peripheral zone is connected in an uncut spectacle lens, the uncut spectacle lens as defined in ISO 13666:2019(E), entry 3.8.8, as finished spectacle lens (3.8.7) prior to edging (3.8.10). The ring-shaped peripheral zone is also connected in an edged spectacle lens, the edged spectacle lens as defined in ISO 13666:2019(E), entry 3.8.9, as finished spectacle lens (3.8.7) edged to a final size and shape, even if due to the final size and shape of the edged spectacle lens a part of the ring-shaped peripheral zone had to be cut off. In such a case the ring-shaped connected peripheral zone has to be reconstructed between parts of the ring-shaped peripheral zone comprised in the edged spectacle lens.

[0031] A “ring-shaped connected peripheral zone” is a domain of the spectacle lens that is limited by an onset line representing an absolute value of a difference in surface mean power above a predefined threshold, said absolute value of the difference in surface mean power being relative to a surface mean power at the optical centre of the spectacle lens or at the fitting point of the spectacle lens. In particular, the ring-shaped connected peripheral zone is the domain of the spectacle lens that is limited by the single onset line representing the absolute value of the difference in surface mean power above the predefined threshold, said absolute value of the difference in surface mean power being relative to the surface mean power at the optical centre of the spectacle lens or at the fitting point of the spectacle lens.

[0032] The onset line representing said absolute value of said difference in surface mean power above said predefined threshold is passing each point where said absolute value of the difference in surface mean power is first reaching said predefined threshold i) along each line connecting the optical centre of the spectacle lens with the periphery of the spectacle lens or ii) along each line connecting the fitting point of the spectacle lens. The absolute value of the difference in surface mean power may be equal to said predefined threshold throughout said ring-shaped connected peripheral zone, i.e., said absolute value of the difference in surface mean power is equal to said predefined threshold at each x,y position of said ring-shaped connected peripheral zone. Preferably, said absolute value of the difference in surface mean power is above said predefined threshold throughout said ring-shaped connected peripheral zone, i.e., said absolute value of the difference in surface mean power is above said predefined threshold at each x,y position of said ring-shaped connected peripheral zone. The absolute value of the difference in surface mean power being above said predefined threshold may increase from the onset line in direction of an edge of the spectacle lens. The ring-shaped connected peripheral zone may be formed as power-variation surface, the power variation surface as defined in ISO 13666:20419(E), entry 3.4.10, as surface with a smooth variation in surface power (3.10.4) over part or all of its area, without discontinuity. Preferably, a ring-shaped connected peripheral zone formed as power-variation surface has at each x,y position of said ring-shaped connected peripheral zone the absolute value of the difference in surface mean power which is above the predefined threshold. Preferably, said ringshaped connected peripheral zone extends to the edge of the spectacle lens.

[0033] The “surface mean power” is defined analogously as in ISO 13666:2019(E), entry 3.13.12, as focal power (3.10.2) of a surface halfway between two surface-power values in two principal meridians at each x,y position of the surface of the spectacle lens.

[0034] The “predefined threshold” is defined as a minimum value of an absolute value of a difference in surface mean power at each x,y position of the ring-shaped connected peripheral zone to the surface mean power at the optical centre of the spectacle lens or at the fitting point of the spectacle lens. The predefined threshold may be selected from one of the following values:

[0035] - 0.25 dioptre

[0036] - 0.5 dioptre

[0037] - 0.75 dioptre

[0038] - 1 .0 dioptre.

[0039] Preferably, said difference in surface mean power at each x,y position of the ring-shaped connected peripheral zone to the surface mean power at the optical centre of the spectacle lens or the fitting point of the spectacle lens creates a refractive mean power that is larger than a refractive mean power at the optical centre of the spectacle lens or the fitting point of the spectacle lens. The refractive mean power is defined at an x,y position as a reciprocal of a back vertex focal length at said x,y position.

[0040] Assuming that peripheral vision dominates refractive development, imposing optical signals over larger units of the far periphery (for example, beyond approximately ±40° to ±45° on either side of the fovea relative to an optical axis of an eye) may be advantageous to ensure that the weight of the signals enhances efficacy. Having the ring-shaped connected peripheral zone imposing the optical signal over its whole extent, the efficacy is assumed to be larger than, for example, if a connected peripheral zone would not be ring-shaped and thus not imposing the optical signal over a whole azimuthal range of a peripheral retina of the eye. An x,y position is defined in an x,y,z coordinate system which is defined as follows: A predefined point of the spectacle lens defines an origin of an x,y,z coordinate system and i) a surface normal or ii) a primary direction at said predefined point defines a “z direction”. An “x,y direction” is in a plane perpendicular to said surface normal or said primary direction. In said plane perpendicular to said surface normal or said primary direction an x direction and a y direction are perpendicular to each other. Said predefined point preferably is selected from the group consisting of the optical centre of the spectacle lens and the fitting point of the spectacle lens. The primary direction of the spectacle lens is defined as in ISO 13666:2019(E), entry 3.2.25, as direction of a line of sight (3.2.24), usually taken to be a horizontal, to an object at an infinite distance measured with habitual head and body posture when looking straight ahead in unaided vision.

[0041] A plurality of structures is positioned between the structure-free simply connected central zone and the ring-shaped connected peripheral zone of the spectacle lens.

[0042] The “plurality of structures” of the spectacle lens is defined as a plurality of domains on or of the surface of the spectacle lens, each domain of said plurality of domains having a surface power which is different to a surface power of said surface of the spectacle lens outside each domain occupied by each structure of said plurality of structures.

[0043] Preferably, said plurality of structures of the spectacle lens defined as said plurality of domains on or of the surface of the spectacle lens, each domain of said plurality of domains having the surface power which is different to the surface power of said surface of the spectacle lens outside each domain occupied by each structure of said plurality of structures, a difference in surface power being selected from at least one of the following differences in surface power:

[0044] - said difference in surface power being 1 dioptre to 12 dioptre

[0045] - said difference in surface power being 1 .5 dioptre to 11 dioptre

[0046] - said difference in surface power being 2 dioptre to 10 dioptre

[0047] - said difference in surface power being 2.5 dioptre to 9 dioptre

[0048] - said difference in surface power being 3 dioptre to 8.5 dioptre.

[0049] A structure of said plurality of structures is a domain on the surface of the spectacle lens if said structure is elevated with respect to the surface. A structure of said plurality of structures is a domain of the surface of the spectacle lens if said surface of the spectacle lens is elevated with respect to the structure.

[0050] The surface of the spectacle lens is selected from at least one of a front surface of the spectacle lens and a back surface of the spectacle lens. The front surface of the spectacle lens is as defined in ISO 13666:2019(E), entry 3.2.13, the back surface of the spectacle lens is as defined in ISO 13666:2019(E), entry 3.2.14.

[0051] The surface power of the structure is defined analogously as in ISO 13666:2019(E), entry 3.10.4, as local ability of a surface of the structure to change a vergence of a bundle of rays incident at said surface of the structure. Analogously as in note 1 to entry 3.10.4 of ISO 13666:2019(E), the surface power of the structure is determined from a radius or radii of said surface of the structure and a refractive index (3.1 .5) of a material of the structure or optical material (3.3.1) of the structure, the surface power of the structure is calculated for light (3.1 .2) incident or emergent in air. The refractive index may be an actual refractive index of the material or the optical material of the structure or a nominal value.

[0052] The domain of said plurality of domains on or of the surface of the spectacle lens defines that a respective structure of said plurality of structures is limited by at least one onset line. An onset line passes along each onset of said respective structure of said plurality of structures. An onset of said respective structure of said plurality of structures represents, preferably along a circumference or along a perimeter of said respective structure of said plurality of structures, a first position in which a surface of said respective structure of said plurality of structures deviates from the surface of the spectacle lens comprising said respective structure of said plurality of structures. The domain of said respective structure of said plurality of structures is limited by one onset line only if within said domain the surface of said respective structure deviates in each x,y position from the surface of the spectacle lens comprising said respective structure, preferably the surface of the spectacle lens outside said domain occupied by said respective structure. As an example for the plurality of structures occupying the plurality of domains on the surface of the spectacle lens, each structure of said plurality of structures being limited by one onset line only, the plurality of single island-shaped areas as described in US 2017 / 0131567 A1 may be given.

[0053] If a respective domain of any structure of said plurality of structures is limited by one onset line only, the surface of the structure preferably is selected or pieced together from at least one of the following surfaces:

[0054] - a spherical surface as defined in ISO 13666:2019(E), entry 3.4.1

[0055] - a part of a spherical surface

[0056] - a cylindrical surface as defined in ISO 13666:2019(E), entry 3.4.2

[0057] - a part of a cylindrical surface

[0058] - an aspherical surface as defined in ISO 13666:2019(E), entry 3.4.3

[0059] - a part of an aspherical surface

[0060] - a toroidal surface as defined in ISO 13666:2019(E), entry 3.4.6

[0061] - a part of a toroidal surface

[0062] - an atoroidal surface as defined in ISO 13666:2019(E), entry 3.4.7

[0063] - a part of an atoroidal surface

[0064] - a power-variation surface as defined in ISO 13666:2019(E), entry 3.4.10,

[0065] - a part of a power-variation surface.

[0066] The domain of said plurality of domains on or of the surface of the spectacle lens defines that a same structure of said plurality of structures may be limited by two onset lines, an inner onset line and an outer onset line. The inner onset line of any same structure of said plurality of structures preferably is an onset line closer to the optical centre of the spectacle lens or closer to the fitting point of the spectacle lens than the outer onset line of said same structure of said plurality of structures. The inner onset line passes along each inner onset of any same structure of said plurality of structures. The outer onset line passes along each outer onset of said same structure of said plurality of structures. An inner onset represents, preferably along a structure-free domain of the surface of the spectacle lens surrounded or encircled by any same structure of said plurality of structures, a first inner position in which a surface of said same structure deviates from the surface of the spectacle lens comprising said same structure of said plurality of structures. An outer onset represents, preferably along the circumference or along the perimeter of said same structure of said plurality of structures, a first outer position in which the surface of said same structure of said plurality of structures deviates from the surface of the spectacle lens comprising said same structure of said plurality of structures. The domain of any same structure of said plurality of structures is limited by two onset lines, i.e., any same structure being ring-shaped, if within said domain the surface of said same structure does not deviate in each x,y position from the surface of the spectacle lens comprising said same structure, preferably the surface of the spectacle lens outside said domain occupied by said same structure of said plurality of structures. Any same structure of said plurality of structures is ring-shaped if said same structure of said plurality of structures, said same structure considered separately from each other structure of said plurality of structures, has a path within said same structure that surrounds a structure-free domain of said same structure from a point within said same structure and ends in said point again. The structure-free domain of said same ring-shaped structure is a domain of the spectacle lens or of the surface of the spectacle lens outside a respective domain occupied by each ring-shaped structure of said plurality of ring-shaped structures encircled or surrounded by said same ring-shaped structure. As an example for the plurality of structures occupying the plurality of domains on the surface of the spectacle lens, each structure of said plurality of structures being limited by two onset lines, the plurality of concentric rings as shown in WO 2019 / 166659 A1 , figure 11 b, or the plurality of cylindrical microstructures as disclosed in CN 111103701 A may be given.

[0067] If a respective domain of any same structure of said plurality of structures is limited by two onset lines, the surface of said same structure of said plurality of structures preferably is selected or pieced together from at least one of the following surfaces:

[0068] - one part or more parts of a spherical surface, the spherical surface as defined in ISO 13666:2019(E), entry 3.4.1

[0069] - a cylindrical surface as defined in ISO 13666:2019(E), entry 3.4.2

[0070] - one part or more parts of a cylindrical surface

[0071] - one part or more parts of an aspherical surface, the aspherical surface as defined in ISO 13666:2019(E), entry 3.4.3

[0072] - one part or more parts of a toroidal surface, the toroidal surface as defined in ISO 13666:2019(E), entry 3.4.6

[0073] - one part or more parts of an atoroidal surface, the atoroidal surface as defined in ISO 13666:2019(E), entry 3.4.7

[0074] - a power-variation surface as defined in ISO 13666:2019(E), entry 3.4.10

[0075] - one part or more parts of a power-variation surface.

[0076] The surface power of the surface of the spectacle lens and the surface power of the surface of the spectacle lens outside each domain occupied by each structure of the plurality of structures each is defined as in ISO 13666:2019(E), entry 3.10.4, as local ability of a finished surface, i.e., as local ability each of the front surface of the spectacle lens and the back surface of the spectacle lens, to change a vergence of a bundle of rays incident at said finished surface of the spectacle lens. As in note 1 to entry 3.10.4 of ISO 13666:2019(E), the surface power of said finished surface of the spectacle lens is determined from a radius or radii of said finished surface of the spectacle lens and a refractive index (3.1.5) of an optical material (3.3.1) of the spectacle lens, and is calculated light (3.1.2) incident or emergent in air. The refractive index may be an actual refractive index of the optical material or a nominal value.

[0077] In case, the spectacle lens comprises the plurality of structures and the ring-shaped connected peripheral zone on a same surface of the spectacle lens, i.e., either the front surface or the back surface, a respective other surface of the spectacle lens, i.e., either the back surface or the front surface, may be formed as one of the following surfaces:

[0078] - a spherical surface as defined in ISO 13666:2019(E), entry 3.4.1

[0079] - a cylindrical surface as defined in ISO 13666:2019(E), entry 3.4.2

[0080] - an aspherical surface as defined in ISO 13666:2019(E), entry 3.4.3

[0081] - a toroidal surface as defined in ISO 13666:2019(E), entry 3.4.6

[0082] - an atoroidal surface as defined in ISO 13666:2019(E), entry 3.4.7

[0083] - a power-variation surface as defined in ISO 13666:2019(E), entry 3.4.10.

[0084] In case, the spectacle lens comprises the plurality of structures and the ring-shaped connected peripheral zone on different surfaces of the spectacle lens, i.e., the plurality of structures on the front surface and the ring-shaped connected peripheral zone on the back surface, or vice versa, a respective surface not comprising the plurality of structures may be formed as one of the beforementioned surfaces.

[0085] In both cases, a respective surface comprising the plurality of structures may be formed outside each domain occupied by each structure of the plurality of structures as one of the before-mentioned surfaces.

[0086] A fundamental difference between the plurality of structures and the ring-shaped connected peripheral zone is a value of a circular zone fill factor that is different to a value of a peripheral circular zone fill factor. For every circular zone having a radius of 5 mm, such a circular zone comprising a geometrical centre located outside the structure-free simply connected central zone at a distance to a boundary of said structure-free simply connected central zone greater than or equal to said radius, and located outside said ring-shaped connected peripheral zone, i.e. said geometrical centre of such a circular zone is located closer to the optical centre of the spectacle lens or closer to the fitting point of the spectacle lens than said ring-shaped connected peripheral zone and located at a distance to the onset line of said ring-shaped connected peripheral zone greater than or equal to said radius, said circular zone fill factor has a value that is smaller than 100%.

[0087] For every peripheral circular zone having a radius of 5 mm, such a peripheral circular zone comprising a geometrical centre located in the ring-shaped connected peripheral zone at a distance to the onset line of said ring-shaped connected peripheral zone greater than or equal to said radius, the peripheral circular zone fill factor has a value that is 100%.

[0088] The circular zone fill factor is defined as a ratio of a sum of surface areas occupied by each structure of said plurality of structures within said circular zone to a surface area of said circular zone.

[0089] The peripheral circular zone fill factor is defined as a ratio of a surface area having the absolute value of the difference in surface mean power above the predefined threshold within said peripheral circular zone to a surface area of said peripheral circular zone. The problem has been solved by the spectacle lens described in the foregoing. Due to the plurality of structures positioned between the structure-free simply connected central zone and the ring-shaped connected peripheral zone, light directed through the portion of the spectacle lens comprising said plurality of structures provides a defocus signal whilst allowing good vision. In the periphery of the spectacle lens comprising said ring-shaped connected peripheral zone, the absolute value of the difference in surface mean power above the predefined threshold delivers a defocus signal. Reducing the width of the central zone disclosed for the designs of the ophthalmic lens elements disclosed in WO 2007 / 041796 A1 and in WO 2009 / 052570 A1 might enhance the efficacy of a spectacle lens with such a reduced central zone while reducing the comfort in wearability for a spectacle lens wearer. The spectacle lens described in the forgoing is not only improving a design for a spectacle lens based on the simultaneous competing defocus theory but is simultaneously addressing the peripheral defocus strategy in a same spectacle lens. Thus, the spectacle lens is combining two completely different approaches in prevention of myopia progression while maintaining the key features of each approach in the same spectacle lens.

[0090] Preferably, the spectacle lens comprising (i) the structure-free simply connected central zone, said structure-free simply connected central zone comprising the optical centre of the spectacle lens, said structure-free simply connected central zone having the central zone width, (ii) the ring-shaped connected peripheral zone, said ring-shaped connected peripheral zone being limited by the onset line representing the absolute value of the difference in surface mean power above the predefined threshold, said absolute value of the difference in surface mean power being relative of the surface mean power at the optical centre of the spectacle lens, is characterized in that a fill factor of said spectacle lens is within one of the following ranges of fill factors:

[0091] - said fill factor being in a range of 10% to 60%,

[0092] - said fill factor being in a range of 20 to 50%,

[0093] - said fill factor being in a range of 30 to 45%, said fill factor of said spectacle lens being defined as a ratio of a sum of surface areas occupied by each structure of said plurality of structures being positioned between said structure-free simply connected central zone and said ring-shaped connected peripheral zone to a surface area of a surface of said spectacle lens between said structure-free simply connected central zone and said ring-shaped connected peripheral zone.

[0094] Having the fill factor in one of the before-given ranges is assumed to ensure a comfort in wearability for the spectacle lens wearer due to providing clear vision in between the plurality of structures, additionally to providing clear vision in the structure-free simply connected central zone, while, at the same time, the plurality of structures provides the stop or slow signal over larger units of the retina closer to the fovea of the eye than the defocus signal delivered by the ring-shaped connected peripheral zone.

[0095] The spectacle lens comprises i) a central zone, ii)- a ring-shaped connected peripheral zone, said ring-shaped connected peripheral zone being limited by an onset line representing an absolute value of a difference in surface mean power above a predefined threshold, said absolute value of the difference in surface mean power being relative to a surface mean power at an optical centre of the spectacle lens or at a fitting point of the spectacle lens, said optical centre being defined as in ISO 13666:2019(E), entry 3.2.15, said fitting point being defined as in ISO 13666:2019(E), entry 3.2.34, characterized in that said central zone, a ring-shaped connected near peripheral zone and a ring-shaped connected far peripheral zone each being defined with respect to

[0096] A) an eye model comprising

[0097] - an optical axis of an eye,

[0098] - a distance from a nodal point of said eye to an apex of a cornea of said eye along said optical axis, said distance being 7 mm,

[0099] - a central visual field being defined by a right circular double cone Ccentrai with an axis coinciding with said optical axis, an apex of said right circular double cone Ccentrai being located at said intersection of said optical axis with said nodal point having said apex angle acentrai, said apex angle acentrai being in one range selected from the following group of ranges: a range of 16° to 22°, a range of 16.5° to 21 °, a range of 17° to 20°, a range of 17.5° to 19°, said apex angle acentrai being identical for said central visual field and said right circular double cone Ccentrai,

[0100] - a near peripheral retinal visual field being defined by a right circular double cone Cnear with an axis coinciding with said optical axis, an apex of said right circular double cone Cnear being located at said intersection of said optical axis with said nodal point having an apex angle anear of 80°, said apex angle anear being identical for said near peripheral retinal visual field and said right circular double COne Cnear, and

[0101] B) an as-worn position as defined in ISO 13666:2019(E), entry 3.2.36, comprising

[0102] - a vertex distance as defined in ISO 13666:2019(E), entry 3.2.40, said vertex distance being 12 mm,

[0103] - an as-worn pantoscopic angle as defined in ISO 13666:2019(E), entry 3.2.37, said as-worn pantoscopic angle being 5.5°,

[0104] - an as-worn face form angle as defined in ISO 13666:2019(E), entry 3.2.38, said as-worn face form angle being 4.0°, said central zone being delineated by a projection of said central visual field having said apex angle acentrai onto a surface of said spectacle lens, said ring-shaped connected near peripheral zone being a projection of said near peripheral retinal visual field onto said surface of said spectacle lens or a surface of said spectacle lens, said projection being delineated by said projection of said central visual field having said apex angle acentrai and a projection of said near peripheral retinal visual field having said apex angle anear, said ring-shaped connected near peripheral zone comprising a plurality of structures, said ring-shaped connected far peripheral zone being delineated by said projection of said near peripheral retinal visual field having said apex angle anear and an edge of the spectacle lens, said ring-shaped connected far peripheral zone comprising said ring-shaped connected peripheral zone.

[0105] In particular, the spectacle lens comprises i) the central zone, ii) the ring-shaped connected peripheral zone, said ring-shaped connected peripheral zone being limited by the onset line representing the absolute value of the difference in surface mean power above the predefined threshold, said absolute value of the difference in surface mean power being relative to the surface mean power at the optical centre of the spectacle lens, said optical centre being as defined in ISO 13666:2019(E), entry 3.2.15, characterized in that said central zone, the ring-shaped connected near peripheral zone and the ring-shaped connected far peripheral zone each being defined with respect to

[0106] A) an eye model comprising

[0107] - the optical axis of the eye,

[0108] - the distance from the nodal point of said eye to the apex of the cornea of said eye along said optical axis, said distance being 7 mm,

[0109] - the central visual field being delineated by the right circular double cone Ccentrai with the axis coinciding said optical axis, the apex of said right circular double cone Ccentrai being located at said intersection of said optical axis with said nodal point having said apex angle acentrai, said apex angle acentrai being in one range selected from the following group of ranges: the range of 16° to 22°, the range of 16.5° to 21 °, the range of 17° to 20°, the range of 17.5° to 19°, said apex angle □central being identical for said central visual field and said right circular double cone Ccentrai,

[0110] - the near peripheral retinal visual field being defined by the right circular double cone Cnear with the axis coinciding with said optical axis, the apex of said right circular double cone Cnear being located at said intersection of said optical axis with said nodal point having the apex angle anear of 80°, said apex angle anear being identical for said near peripheral retinal visual field and said right circular double cone C near, and

[0111] B) the as-worn position as defined in ISO 13666:2019(E), entry 3.2.36, comprising

[0112] - the vertex distance as defined in ISO 13666:2019(E), entry 3.2.40, said vertex distance being

[0113] 12 mm,

[0114] - the as-worn pantoscopic angle as defined in ISO 13666:2019(E), entry 3.2.37, said as-worn pantoscopic angle being 5.5°,

[0115] - the as-worn face form angle as defined in ISO 13666:2019(E), entry 3.2.38, said as-worn face form angle being 4.0°, said central zone being delineated by the projection of said central visual field having said apex angle Ccentrai onto the surface of said spectacle lens, said ring-shaped connected near peripheral zone being the projection of said near peripheral retinal visual field onto said surface of said spectacle lens or a surface of said spectacle lens, said projection being delineated by said projection of said central visual field having said apex angle acentrai and the projection of said near peripheral retinal visual field having said apex angle anear, said ring-shaped connected near peripheral zone comprising the plurality of structures, said ring-shaped connected far peripheral zone being delineated by said projection of said near peripheral retinal visual field having said apex angle anear and the edge of the spectacle lens, said ring-shaped connected far peripheral zone comprising said ring-shaped connected peripheral zone.

[0116] A “central zone” is a domain on the surface of the spectacle lens delineated by a projection of the central visual field onto said surface, said central visual field having an apex angle acentrai, said apex angle acentrai being identical for said central visual field and the before defined right circular double cone Ccentrai. Preferably, the central zone comprises the optical centre of the spectacle lens or the fitting point of the spectacle lens.

[0117] The ring-shaped connected peripheral zone is as defined before.

[0118] The spectacle lens is designed with respect to an eye model and an as-worn position.

[0119] The eye model comprises

[0120] - an optical axis of an eye, said optical axis preferably being perpendicular to a nodal point of the eye and having an intersection with an apex of a cornea,

[0121] - a distance from said nodal point of said eye to said apex of the cornea of said eye along said optical axis, said distance being 7 mm,

[0122] - a central visual field being defined by a right circular double cone Ccentrai with an axis coinciding with said optical axis, an apex of said right circular double cone Ccentrai being located at said intersection of said optical axis with said nodal point having said apex angle acentrai, said apex angle acentrai being in one range selected from the following group of ranges: a range of 16° to 22°, a range of 16.5° to 21 °, a range of 17° to 20°, a range of 17.5° to 19°, said apex angle acentrai being identical for said central visual field and said right circular double cone Ccentrai,

[0123] - a near peripheral retinal visual field being defined by a right circular double cone Cnear with an axis coinciding with said optical axis, an apex of said right circular double cone Cnear being located at said intersection of said optical axis with said nodal point having an apex angle anear of 80°, said apex angle anear being identical for said near peripheral retinal visual field and said right circular double COne Cnear.

[0124] A ’’nodal point” in the above-described eye model refers to an anterior nodal point positioned at 7 mm from a cornea of an eye (G. D. Hastings, M. S. Banks, A. Roorda, Trans. Vis. Sci. Tech.

[0125] 2022; 11 (9): 10, https: / / doi.Org / 10.1167 / tvst.11 .9.10).

[0126] The as-worn position is as defined in ISO 13666:2019(E), entry 3.2.36, a position, including orientation, of the spectacle lenses (3.5.2) relative to eyes and face during wear.

[0127] The as-worn position comprises - a vertex distance as defined in ISO 13666:2019(E), entry 3.2.40, as horizontal distance between a back surface (3.2.14) of a spectacle lens (3.5.2) and the apex of the cornea, measured with eyes in a primary position (3.2.26), the definition including note 1 to entry 3.2.40, said vertex distance being

[0128] 12 mm,

[0129] - an as-worn pantoscopic angle as defined in ISO 13666:2019(E), entry 3.2.37, as vertical angle between a horizontal and a perpendicular to a reference line passing through an apex of grooves of upper and lower rims of a frame in a vertical plane containing a primary direction (3.2.25), the definition including notes 1 to 4 to entry 3.2.37, said as-worn pantoscopic angle being 5.5°,

[0130] - an as-worn face form angle as defined in ISO 13666:2019(E), entry 3.2.38, as horizontal angle between the primary direction (3.2.25) and a perpendicular to a reference line passing through an apex of grooves of nasal and temporal rims of the frame in a horizontal plane containing the primary direction, the definition including notes 1 to 4 to entry 3.2.38, said as-worn face form angle being 4°.

[0131] The primary position is as defined in ISO 13666:2019(E), entry 3.2.26, a position of the eye when looking in the primary direction (3.2.25).

[0132] The primary direction is as defined in ISO 13666:2019(E), entry 3.2.25, a direction of a line of sight (3.2.24), usually taken to be a horizontal, to an object at an infinite distance measured with habitual head and body posture when looking straight ahead in unaided vision.

[0133] The spectacle lens preferably is positioned in front of the eye of the spectacle lens wearer such that, for one gaze direction, the optical axis of the eye coincides with an optical axis of the spectacle lens, i.e., for said one gaze direction the eye of the spectacle lens wearer looks through the optical centre of the spectacle lens. The optical axis of the spectacle lens is as defined in ISO 13666:2019(E), entry 3.1.8, a straight line joining centres of curvature of both surfaces of the spectacle lens (3.5.2).

[0134] A “central visual field” is an area visible to a macula of an eye, preferably during stable fixation of an object, specified in degrees of visual angle. The central visual field is defined by the above-mentioned apex angle □central.

[0135] A “near peripheral retinal visual field” is an area visible to a near peripheral retina of the eye, preferably during stable fixation of the object, specified in degrees of visual angle. The near peripheral visual field is defined by the above-mentioned apex angle anear.

[0136] A ’’projection of the central visual field” onto the surface of the spectacle lens is a closed curve along said surface corresponding to a visual angle behind the spectacle lens associated with said central visual field and corresponding to an apex angle acentrai of a right circular double cone Ccentrai. The projection of said central visual field defined by the right circular double cone Ccentrai onto the back surface of the spectacle lens is an intersection line of said right circular double cone Ccentrai with said back surface. The projection of said central visual field defined by the right circular double cone Ccentrai on the front surface of a same spectacle lens is calculated by ray-tracing a sufficiently large number of rays lying in a lateral surface of said right circular double cone Ccentrai through said spectacle lens and thus calculating intersection points of said large number of rays with said front surface of said spectacle lens. Each ray is traced from an apex of said right circular double cone Ccentrai to its intersection point with the back surface of said spectacle lens and in an optically correct way further to its intersection point with said front surface of said same spectacle lens. Said projection onto said front surface is then a closed curve fitted to said intersection points of said large number of rays. Here, fitting a closed curved to said intersection points of said large number of rays can for example be done by linearly connecting said intersection points, by fitting a spline through said intersection points, or, in case of a rotationally symmetric spectacle lens, by fitting a circle or an ellipse through said intersection points.

[0137] For a spherical spectacle lens and an assumed as-worn position such that an optical axis of the spectacle lens and the optical axis of the eye coincide, the projections of the right circular double cone Ccentrai onto the back and the front surface of the spectacle lens are circles. In this case, tracing only one ray from the apex of the right circular double cone Ccentrai along the lateral surface of the right circular double cone Ccentrai and further through the spectacle lens may be sufficient to define the radius of the projection circle of said right circular double cone Ccentrai onto the front surface of the spectacle lens. For a spectacle lens having the front surface or the back surface, or both, at least partially, formed as the power-variation surface, a number of 36, 72, 144 or 360 rays equidistant along the lateral surface of said right circular double cone Ccentrai might be considered sufficient, depending on the intended accuracy.

[0138] A ’’projection of the near peripheral retinal visual field” onto the surface of the spectacle lens is a closed curve along said surface corresponding to a visual angle behind the spectacle lens associated with said central visual field and corresponding to an apex angle anear of a right circular double cone Cnear. The projection of said near peripheral visual field defined by the right circular double cone Cnear onto the back surface of the spectacle lens is an intersection line of said right circular double cone Cnear with said back surface. The projection of said near peripheral visual field defined by the right circular double cone Cneari on the front surface of a same spectacle lens is calculated by ray-tracing a sufficiently large number of rays lying in a lateral surface of said right circular double cone Cnear through said spectacle lens and thus calculating intersection points of said large number of rays with said front surface of said spectacle lens. Each ray is traced from an apex of said right circular double cone Cnear to its intersection point with the back surface of said spectacle lens and in an optically correct way further to its intersection point with said front surface of said same spectacle lens. Said projection onto said front surface is then a closed curve fitted to said intersection points of said large number of rays. Here, fitting a closed curved to said intersection points of said large number of rays can for example be done by linearly connecting said intersection points, by fitting a spline through said intersection points, or, in case of a rotationally symmetric spectacle lens, by fitting a circle or an ellipse through said intersection points.

[0139] For a spherical spectacle lens and an assumed as-worn position such that an optical axis of the spectacle lens and the optical axis of the eye coincide, the projections of the right circular double cone Cnear onto the back and the front surface of the spectacle lens are circles. In this case, tracing only one ray from the apex of the right circular double cone Cnear along the lateral surface of the right circular double cone Cnear and further through the spectacle lens may be sufficient to define the radius of the projection circle of said right circular double cone Cnear onto the front surface of the spectacle lens.

[0140] For a spectacle lens having the front surface or the back surface, or both, at least partially, formed as the power-variation surface, a number of 36, 72, 144 or 360 rays equidistant along the lateral surface of said right circular double cone Cnear might be considered sufficient, depending on the intended accuracy.

[0141] A “ring-shaped connected near peripheral zone” is a projection of said near peripheral retinal visual field onto said surface of said spectacle lens or onto a surface of said spectacle lens, said projection being delineated by said projection of said central visual field having said apex angle acentrai and said projection of said near peripheral retinal visual field having said apex angle anear. The ring-shaped connected near peripheral zone comprises the plurality of structures. With respect to the plurality of structure, reference is made to the respective description provided before.

[0142] A “ring-shaped connected far peripheral zone” is a domain on the surface of the spectacle lens delineated by said projection of said near peripheral retinal visual field having said apex angle anear and an edge of the spectacle lens. The ring-shaped connected far peripheral zone comprises the ringshaped connected peripheral zone.

[0143] As mentioned before, a fundamental difference between the plurality of structures within the ringshaped connected near peripheral zone and the ring-shaped connected peripheral zone is a value of a circular zone fill factor that is different to a value of a peripheral circular zone fill factor. For every circular zone having a radius of 5 mm, such a circular zone comprising a geometrical centre located inside the ring-shaped connected near peripheral zone at a distance to each boundary of said ringshaped connected near peripheral zone greater than or equal to said radius, said circular zone fill factor has a value that is smaller than 100%.

[0144] For every peripheral circular zone having a radius of 5 mm, such a peripheral circular zone comprising a geometrical centre located in the ring-shaped connected peripheral zone at a distance to the onset line of said ring-shaped connected peripheral zone greater than or equal to said radius, the peripheral circular zone fill factor has a value that is 100%.

[0145] The circular zone fill factor is defined as a ratio of a sum of surface areas occupied by each structure of said plurality of structures within said circular zone to a surface area of said circular zone.

[0146] The peripheral circular zone fill factor is defined as a ratio of a surface area having the absolute value of the difference in surface mean power above the predefined threshold within said peripheral circular zone to a surface area of said peripheral circular zone.

[0147] The problem has been solved by the spectacle lens described in the foregoing. As mentioned before, the spectacle lens described in the forgoing is not only improving a design for a spectacle lens based on the simultaneous competing defocus theory but is simultaneously addressing the peripheral defocus strategy in a same spectacle lens. In case the positions of the plurality of structures match the near peripheral retinal visual field, based on the eye model and the as-worn position, the effect of the plurality of structures providing simultaneous competing defocus is adapted to said eye model and said as-worn position and thus, the stop or slow signal over larger units of the retina closer to the fovea of the eye is assumed to be more targeted on the relevant parts of the retina.

[0148] Preferably, the spectacle lens comprising the central zone and the ring-shaped connected peripheral zone, said ring-shaped connected peripheral zone being limited by an onset line representing an absolute value of a difference in surface mean power above a predefined threshold, said absolute value of the difference in surface mean power being relative to a surface mean power at the optical centre of the spectacle lens or at the fitting point of the spectacle lens, is characterized in that said ring-shaped connected near peripheral zone has a near peripheral zone fill factor, said near peripheral zone fill factor being defined as a ratio of a sum of surface areas occupied by each structure of said plurality of structures to a surface area of said ring-shaped connected near peripheral zone, said near peripheral zone fill factor being within one of the following ranges of near peripheral zone fill factors or being selected from one of the following near peripheral zone fill factors:

[0149] - said near peripheral zone fill factor being in a range of 30% to 75%

[0150] - said near peripheral zone fill factor being in a range of 35% to 70%

[0151] - said near peripheral zone fill factor being in a range of 40% to 65%

[0152] - said near peripheral zone fill factor being in a range of 45% to 60%.

[0153] Having the near peripheral zone fill factor in one of the before-given ranges is assumed to ensure a comfort in wearability for the spectacle lens wearer due to providing clear vision in between the plurality of structures, while, at the same time, the plurality of structures provides the stop or slow signal over larger units of the retina closer to the fovea of the eye.

[0154] Preferably, the spectacle lens comprising the central zone and the ring-shaped connected peripheral zone, said ring-shaped connected peripheral zone being limited by an onset line representing an absolute value of a difference in surface mean power above a predefined threshold, said absolute value of the difference in surface mean power being relative to a surface mean power at the optical centre of the spectacle lens or at the fitting point of the spectacle lens, is characterized in that said central zone has a central zone fill factor, said central zone fill factor being defined as a ratio of a surface area occupied by a single further structure within said central zone to a surface area of said central zone or as ratio of a sum of surface areas occupied by each structure of a further plurality of structures within said central zone to a surface area of said central zone, said central zone fill factor being within one of the following ranges of central zone fill factors or being selected from one of the following central zone fill factors:

[0155] - said central zone fill factor being in a range of 0% to 10%

[0156] - said central zone fill factor being in a range of 0.1 % to 8%

[0157] - said central zone fill factor being in a range of 0.2% to 6%

[0158] - said central zone fill factor being in a range of 0.3% to 4%.

[0159] “A” structure comprises a single structure or a single structure of the plurality of structures defined before. Accordingly, a further structure comprises a single further structure or a single further structure of the further plurality of structures. Here, the single further structure or the single further structure of the further plurality of structures is defined as before with respect to said plurality of structures of the spectacle lens as a domain of said surface of the spectacle lens having a surface power which is different to a surface power of said surface of the spectacle lens outside the domain occupied by said single further structure.

[0160] Additionally introducing the single further structure or the further plurality of structures within the central zone is assumed to provide the stop or slow signal even closer to the fovea of the eye, thus presumably enhancing the efficacy of the spectacle lens. Having the central zone fill factor in one of the before-given ranges is assumed to ensure the comfort in wearability for the spectacle lens wearer due to providing large areas of clear vision outside the single further structure or in between the further plurality of structures, while, at the same time, the single further structure or the further plurality of further structures provides the stop or slow signal over larger units of the retina even closer to the fovea of the eye.

[0161] Preferably, the spectacle lens comprising the central zone and the ring-shaped connected peripheral zone, said ring-shaped connected peripheral zone being limited by an onset line representing an absolute value of a difference in surface mean power above a predefined threshold, said absolute value of the difference in surface mean power being relative to a surface mean power at the optical centre of the spectacle lens or at the fitting point of the spectacle lens, is characterized in that said predefined threshold is one of the following values or selected from one of the following values:

[0162] - 0.25 dioptre

[0163] - 0.5 dioptre

[0164] - 0.75 dioptre

[0165] - 1 .0 dioptres.

[0166] The ring-shaped connected peripheral zone in the periphery of the spectacle lens with the absolute value of the difference in surface mean power above the predefined threshold delivers the defocus signal. As mentioned before, the spectacle lens described in the forgoing is not only improving a design for the spectacle lens based on the simultaneous competing defocus theory but is simultaneously addressing the peripheral defocus strategy as described in WO 2007 / 041796 A1 and in WO 2009 / 052570 A1 in the same spectacle lens. Thus, the spectacle lens is combining two completely different approaches in prevention of myopia progression while maintaining the key features of each approach in the same spectacle lens. The ring-shaped connected peripheral zone in which the surface mean power is above the predefined threshold selected from one of the beforementioned values ensures that the ring-shaped connected peripheral zone delivers the defocus signal.

[0167] The data set comprises at least one kind of the following kinds of data:

[0168] (i) data of one of a respective spectacle lens described before, said data being configured for the purpose for manufacturing the respective spectacle lens described before, (ii) data of a respective spectacle lens described before, said data to be fed to one or more manufacturing machines for manufacturing the respective spectacle lens described before,

[0169] (iii)data containing computer-readable instructions for controlling one or more manufacturing machines to manufacture a respective spectacle lens described before.

[0170] Preferably, the data set comprises computer-readable data. The data set may be stored on a computer-readable medium. The data set may be in form of a computer-readable data signal. The computer-readable medium may be a non-transitory tangible computer-readable storage medium.

[0171] The kit comprises a spectacle lens and information, said spectacle lens comprising

[0172] - a central zone,

[0173] - a ring-shaped connected peripheral zone, said ring-shaped connected peripheral zone being limited by an onset line representing an absolute value of a difference in surface mean power above a predefined threshold, said absolute value of the difference in surface mean power being relative to a surface mean power at the optical centre of the spectacle lens or at the fitting point of the spectacle lens, said information comprising an eye model, an as-worn position as defined in ISO 13666:2019(E), entry 3.2.36, said kit being characterized in that said central zone of said spectacle lens is defined with respect to

[0174] A) said eye model comprising

[0175] - an optical axis of an eye,

[0176] - a distance from a nodal point of said eye to an apex of a cornea of said eye along said optical axis, said distance being 7 mm,

[0177] - a central visual field being defined by a right circular double cone Ccentrai with an axis coinciding with said optical axis, an apex of said right circular double cone Ccentrai being located at said intersection of said optical axis with said nodal point having said apex angle acentrai, said apex angle acentrai being in one range selected from the following group of ranges: a range of 16° to 22°, a range of 16.5° to 21 °, a range of 17° to 20°, a range of 17.5° to 19°, said apex angle acentrai being identical for said central visual field and said right circular double cone Ccentrai,

[0178] B) said as-worn position, said central zone of said spectacle lens being delineated by a projection of said central visual field having said apex angle acentrai onto a surface of said spectacle lens, said spectacle lens comprising a plurality of structures at least between said central zone of said spectacle lens and said ring-shaped connected peripheral zone of said spectacle lens.

[0179] In particular, the kit comprises the spectacle lens and information, said spectacle lens comprising

[0180] - the central zone, - the ring-shaped connected peripheral zone, said ring-shaped connected peripheral zone being limited by the onset line representing the absolute value of the difference in surface mean power above the predefined threshold, said absolute value of the difference in surface mean power being relative to the surface mean power at the fitting point of the spectacle lens, said fitting point being defined as in ISO 13666:2019(E), entry 3.2.34, said information comprising the eye model, the as-worn position as defined in ISO 13666:2019(E), entry 3.2.36, the position of said fitting point on the surface of said spectacle being stipulated by the manufacturer, said kit being characterized in that said central zone of said spectacle lens is defined with respect to

[0181] A) said eye model comprising

[0182] - the optical axis of the eye,

[0183] - the distance from the nodal point of said eye to the apex of the cornea of said eye along said optical axis, said distance being 7 mm,

[0184] - the central visual field being defined by the right circular double cone Ccentrai with the axis coinciding with said optical axis, the apex of said right circular double cone Ccentrai being located at said intersection of said optical axis with said nodal point having said apex angle acentrai, said apex angle acentrai being in one range selected from the following group of ranges: the range of 16° to 22°, the range of 16.5° to 21 °, the range of 17° to 20°, the range of 17.5° to 19°, said apex angle □central being identical for said central visual field and said right circular double cone Ccentrai ,

[0185] B) said as-worn position, said central zone of said spectacle lens being delineated by the projection of said central visual field having said apex angle acentrai onto the surface of said spectacle lens, said spectacle lens comprising the plurality of structures at least between said central zone of said spectacle lens and said ring-shaped connected peripheral zone of said spectacle lens.

[0186] As defined before, the ring-shaped connected peripheral zone is the domain of the spectacle lens that is limited by the single onset line representing the absolute value of the difference in surface mean power above the predefined threshold, said absolute value of the difference in surface mean power being relative to the surface mean power at the fitting point of the spectacle lens. The onset line representing said absolute value of said difference in surface mean power above said predefined threshold is passing each point where said absolute value of the difference in surface mean power is first reaching said predefined threshold along each line connecting the fitting point of the spectacle lens. Reference is also made to the definition given before for the ring-shaped connected peripheral zone.

[0187] The kit comprises the spectacle lens and information. Said information comprises the eye model, the as-worn position and the position of the fitting point of the spectacle lens.

[0188] Without said information, the location of the central zone on the surface of the spectacle lens could not be derived unambiguously. The central zone of the spectacle lens is defined with respect to the eye model. The central zone is delineated by the projection of the central visual field, the central visual field specified in the eye model, on the surface of the spectacle lens. The projection of the central visual field can only be determined in knowledge of the eye model, the as-worn position and the position of the fitting point.

[0189] Without said information, the location of the ring-shaped connected peripheral zone could not be derived unambiguously. The ring-shaped connected peripheral zone is limited by the onset line and said onset line represents the absolute value of the difference in surface mean power above the predefined threshold, whereby said absolute value of the difference in surface mean power is relative to the surface mean power at the fitting point of the spectacle lens. This means, without having the information about the position of the fitting point on the front surface of the spectacle lens, the onset line limiting the ring-shaped connected peripheral zone could not be determined.

[0190] Without knowing the location of the central zone and the location of the ring-shaped connected zone, it cannot be determined, whether the plurality of structures is located between said central and said ringshaped connected zone.

[0191] In other words, without knowing an individual as-worn position for a specific spectacle lens wearer, the position of the fitting point of the spectacle lens and assuming the eye model for the specific spectacle lens wearer, the location of the central zone and the location of the ring-shaped connected peripheral zone cannot be determined. Thus, without the information as part of the kit, it cannot be determined whether the plurality of structures of a specific spectacle lens is located between said central and said ring-shaped connected zone or not. This means, the information is part of the kit and inseparably connected to the spectacle lens comprised in the kit. This also means, that the information as part of the kit is individual to the specific spectacle lens wearer and to the specific spectacle lens and thus cannot be disregarded. Information as of the kit being individual to the specific spectacle lens wearer and the specific spectacle lens cannot be predefined but are defined for the specific spectacle lens wearer and the specific spectacle lens.

[0192] Said as-worn position as comprised in the information as part of the kit defines a position, including orientation relative to the eye of the spectacle lens wearer of said spectacle lens, said spectacle lens also being part of the kit. Said as-worn position can be determined individually for the specific spectacle lens wearer and a frame chosen by said specific spectacle lens wearer for said spectacle lens before ordering said spectacle lens. Alternatively, said as-worn position can be a standard as- worn position predefined for the specific spectacle lens. The information about the as-worn position and the position of the fitting point also is necessary to fit the spectacle lens such that it provides the ordered power to the spectacle lens wearer.

[0193] Preferably, the as-worn position comprises

[0194] - the vertex distance as defined in ISO 13666:2019(E), entry 3.2.40,

[0195] - the as-worn pantoscopic angle as defined in ISO 13666:2019(E), entry 3.2.37,

[0196] - the as-worn face form angle as defined in ISO 13666:2019(E), entry 3.2.38. Preferably, for the standard as-worn position predefined for the specific spectacle lens described before, the vertex distance is 12 mm, the as-worn pantoscopic angle is 5.5° and the as-worn face form angle is 4°.

[0197] The spectacle lens preferably is positioned in front of the eye of the spectacle lens wearer such that, for the eye of the spectacle lens wearer in primary position, the fitting point is positioned in front of a pupil centre of the eye of the spectacle lens wearer.

[0198] The problem has been solved by the spectacle lens of the kit described in the forgoing. Reference is made to the explanation given before. In case the positions of the plurality of structures match the near peripheral retinal visual field, based on the eye model and the individual as-worn position, the effect of the plurality of structures providing simultaneous competing defocus is adapted to said eye model and said individual as-worn position and thus, the stop or slow signal over larger units of the retina closer to the fovea of the eye is assumed to be even more targeted on the relevant parts of the retina, in particular for the specific spectacle lens wearer.

[0199] Preferably, the kit is characterized in that a ring-shaped connected near peripheral zone of said spectacle lens has a near peripheral zone fill factor, said near peripheral zone fill factor being defined as a ratio of a sum of surface areas occupied by each structure of said plurality of structures to a surface area of said ring-shaped connected near peripheral zone, said near peripheral zone fill factor being within one of the following ranges of near peripheral zone fill factors:

[0200] - said near peripheral zone fill factor being in a range of 30% to 75%

[0201] - said near peripheral zone fill factor being in a range of 35% to 70%

[0202] - said near peripheral zone fill factor being in a range of 40% to 65%

[0203] - said near peripheral zone fill factor being in a range of 45% to 60%, said ring-shaped connected near peripheral zone (202, 302, 402) of said spectacle lens (100) being defined with respect to said eye model comprising a near peripheral retinal visual field being defined by a right circular double cone Cnear with an axis coinciding with said optical axis, an apex of said right circular double cone Cnear being located at said intersection of said optical axis with said nodal point having an apex angle anear of 80°, said apex angle □near being identical for said near peripheral retinal visual field and said right circular double cone Cnear, said ring-shaped connected near peripheral zone (202, 302, 402) of said spectacle lens (100) being delineated by said projection of said central visual field having said apex angle acentrai and a projection of said near peripheral retinal visual field having said apex angle anear.

[0204] As mentioned before, having the near peripheral zone fill factor of the spectacle lens of the kit in one of the before-given ranges is assumed to ensure a comfort in wearability for the spectacle lens wearer due to providing clear vision in between the plurality of structures, while, at the same time, the plurality of structures provides the stop or slow signal more targeted over larger units of the retina closer to the fovea of the eye, in particular for the specific spectacle lens wearer, based on the eye model and the as-worn position representing the information as part of the kit. Preferably, the kit is characterized in that said central zone of said spectacle lens has a central zone fill factor, said central zone fill factor being defined as a ratio of a surface area occupied by a single further structure within said central zone to a surface area of said central zone or as ratio of a sum of surface areas occupied by each structure of a further plurality of structures within said central zone to a surface area of said central zone, said central zone fill factor being within one of the following ranges of central zone fill factors or selected from one of the following central zone fill factors:

[0205] - said central zone fill factor being in a range of 0% to 10%

[0206] - said central zone fill factor being in a range of 0.1% to 8%

[0207] - said central zone fill factor being in a range of 0.2% to 6%

[0208] - said central zone fill factor being in a range of 0.3% to 4%.

[0209] As mentioned before, a fundamental difference between the single further structure or the further plurality of structures within the central zone and the ring-shaped connected peripheral zone is a value of a central circular zone fill factor that is different to a value of the peripheral circular zone fill factor. For every central circular zone having a radius of 5 mm, such a central circular zone comprising a geometrical centre located inside central zone at a distance to a boundary of said central zone greater than or equal to said radius, said circular zone fill factor has a value that is smaller than 100%.

[0210] As mentioned before, for every peripheral circular zone having a radius of 5 mm, such a peripheral circular zone comprising a geometrical centre located in the ring-shaped connected peripheral zone at a distance to the onset line of said ring-shaped connected peripheral zone greater than or equal to said radius, the peripheral circular zone fill factor has a value that is 100%.

[0211] The central circular zone fill factor is defined as i) a ratio of a surface area occupied by said single further structure within said central circular zone to a surface area of said central circular zone or ii) a ratio of a sum of surface areas occupied by each structure of said further plurality of structures within said central circular zone to a surface area of said central circular zone.

[0212] As mentioned before, additionally introducing the single further structure or the plurality of further structures within the central zone of the spectacle lens of the kit is assumed to provide the stop or slow signal even closer to the fovea of the eye, thus presumably enhancing the efficacy of the spectacle lens comprised in the kit. Having the central zone fill factor in one of the before-given ranges is assumed to ensure the comfort in wearability for the spectacle lens wearer due to providing large areas of clear vision outside the single further structure or in between the plurality of further structures, while, at the same time, the plurality of structures provides the stop or slow signal more targeted over larger units of the retina even closer to the fovea of the eye, in particular for the specific spectacle lens wearer, based on the eye model and the as-worn position representing the information as part of the kit.

[0213] Preferably, the kit is characterized in that said predefined threshold of said ring-shaped connected zone of said spectacle lens is one of the following values or selected from one of the following values:

[0214] - 0.25 dioptre - 0.5 dioptre

[0215] - 0.75 dioptre

[0216] - 1 .0 dioptres.

[0217] As mentioned before, the ring-shaped connected peripheral zone in the periphery of the spectacle lens of the kit with the absolute value of the difference in surface mean power above the predefined threshold delivers the defocus signal. As further mentioned before, the spectacle lens of the kit described in the forgoing is not only improving a design for the spectacle lens of the kit based on the simultaneous competing defocus theory but is simultaneously addressing the peripheral defocus strategy as described in WO 2007 / 041796 A1 and in WO 2009 / 052570 A1 in the same spectacle lens. Thus, the spectacle lens of the kit is combining two completely different approaches in prevention of myopia progression for the specific spectacle lens wearer while maintaining the key features of each approach in the same spectacle lens. The ring-shaped connected peripheral zone in which the surface mean power is above the predefined threshold selected from one of the before-mentioned values ensures that the ring-shaped connected peripheral zone delivers the defocus signal, in particular for the specific spectacle lens wearer, based on the eye model and the as-worn position representing the information as part of the kit.

[0218] The data set comprises at least one kind of the following kinds of data:

[0219] (i) data of the kit described before, said data of said kit comprising spectacle lens data of said spectacle lens and information data of said information, said spectacle lens data of said spectacle lens being configured for the purpose for manufacturing the spectacle lens,

[0220] (ii) data of the kit described before, said data of said kit comprising spectacle lens data of said spectacle lens and information data of said information, said spectacle lens data of said spectacle lens to be fed to one or more manufacturing machines for manufacturing the spectacle lens,

[0221] (iii) spectacle lens data containing computer-readable instructions for controlling one or more manufacturing machines to manufacture the spectacle lens according to data of the kit described before, said data of said kit comprising spectacle lens data of said spectacle lens and information data of said spectacle lens.

[0222] Preferably, the data set comprises computer-readable data. The data set may be stored on a computer-readable medium. The data set may be in form of a computer-readable data signal. The computer-readable medium may be a non-transitory tangible computer-readable storage medium.

[0223] The method being configured for calculating, by a computer, a digital twin of a spectacle lens for the purpose of a use of the digital twin for a manufacture of the spectacle lens, is characterized in the step of

[0224] - positioning a plurality of structures between a structure-free simply connected central zone of said digital twin of said spectacle lens and a ring-shaped connected peripheral zone of said digital twin of said spectacle lens, said structure-free simply connected central zone comprising an optical centre of said digital twin of said spectacle lens or a fitting point of said digital twin of said spectacle lens, said ring-shaped connected peripheral zone being limited by an onset line representing an absolute value of a difference in surface mean power above a predefined threshold, said absolute value of the difference in surface mean power being relative to a surface mean power at the optical centre of said digital twin of said spectacle lens or at the fitting point of said digital twin of said spectacle lens, said ring-shaped connected peripheral zone being limited by a single onset line.

[0225] A “digital twin of a spectacle lens” is a mathematical description of a front surface of said spectacle lens, a mathematical description of a back surface of said spectacle lens, and a mathematical description of a refractive index distribution of an optical material of said spectacle lens. The digital twin of the spectacle lens is for the purpose of a use for a manufacture of the spectacle lens. The mathematical descriptions include an orientation of the front surface to the back surface. Therefore, preferably, either the front surface and the back surface are described in a same coordinate system or a transformation between a coordinate system of the front surface to a coordinate system of the back surface, or vice versa, is known. The mathematical descriptions preferably are closed mathematical descriptions. Additionally or alternatively, the digital twin of the spectacle lens being for the purpose of a use for a manufacture of the spectacle lens, may be defined analogously as in ISO 13666:2019(E), entry 3.5.2 (spectacle lens), as digital twin of an ophthalmic lens (3.5.1) virtually positioned relative to an eye model, for example a predefined eye model, or worn, after having been transferred to physical reality, by manufacturing the spectacle lens, in front of, but not in contact with, an eyeball.

[0226] A ’’structure-free simply connected central zone of the digital twin of the spectacle lens” is, as defined before with respect to the spectacle lens, a domain on the surface of the digital twin of the spectacle lens not comprising any structure. The structure-free simply connected central zone of the digital twin of the spectacle lens is the domain of the digital twin of the spectacle lens comprising each x,y position that is comprised in said structure-free simply connected central zone of both a front surface and a back surface of the digital twin of the spectacle lens. The front surface of the digital twin of the spectacle lens is defined analogously as in ISO 13666:2019(E), entry 3.2.13, as a surface of the digital twin of the spectacle lens intended to be fitted away from an eye model. The back surface of the digital twin of the spectacle lens is defined analogously as in ISO 13666:2019(E), entry 3.2.14, as a surface of the digital twin of the spectacle lens intended to be fitted nearer to an eye model.

[0227] The structure-free simply connected central zone of the digital twin of the spectacle lens comprises an optical centre of the digital twin of the spectacle lens or a fitting point of the digital twin of the spectacle lens. The “optical centre of the digital twin of the spectacle lens” is defined analogously as in ISO 13666:2019(E), entry 3.2.15, as an intersection of an optical axis (3.1 .8) with a front surface (3.2.13) of the digital twin of the spectacle lens. The “fitting point of the digital twin of the spectacle lens is defined analogously as in ISO 13666:2019(E), entry 3.2.34, as a point on a front surface (3.2.13) of the digital twin of the spectacle lens stipulated by a manufacturer for positioning the spectacle lens in front of an eye model. Preferably, said structure-free simply connected central zone has a central zone width. With respect to the central zone width, reference is made to the description given above.

[0228] A “ring-shaped connected peripheral zone of the digital twin of the spectacle lens” is, as defined before with respect to the spectacle lens, a domain of the digital twin of the spectacle lens that is limited by an onset line representing an absolute value of a difference in surface mean power above a predefined threshold, said absolute value of the difference in surface mean power being relative to a surface mean power at the optical centre of the digital twin of the spectacle lens or at the fitting point of the digital twin of the spectacle lens. In particular, the ring-shaped connected peripheral zone is the domain of the digital twin of the spectacle lens that is limited by the single onset line representing the absolute value of the difference in surface mean power above the predefined threshold, said absolute value of the difference in surface mean power being relative to the surface mean power at the optical centre of the digital twin of the spectacle lens or at the fitting point of the digital twin spectacle lens. The onset line representing said absolute value of said difference in surface mean power above said predefined threshold is passing each point where said absolute value of the difference in surface mean power is first reaching said predefined threshold i) along each line connecting the optical centre of the spectacle lens with the periphery of the spectacle lens or ii) along each line connecting the fitting point of the spectacle lens.

[0229] Regarding other aspects of the ring-shaped connected peripheral zone of the digital twin of the spectacle lens, reference is also made to the description give before with respect to the ring-shaped connected peripheral zone of the spectacle lens.

[0230] The “surface mean power” is, as defined before with respect to the spectacle lens, a focal power (3.10.2) of a surface halfway between two surface-power values in two principal meridians at each x,y position of the surface of the digital twin of the spectacle lens.

[0231] The “predefined threshold” is defined as a minimum value of an absolute value of a difference in surface mean power at each x,y position of the ring-shaped connected peripheral zone to the surface mean power at the optical centre of the digital twin of the spectacle lens or at the fitting point of the digital twin of the spectacle lens. Regarding other aspects of the predefined threshold, reference is also made to the description give before with respect to predefined threshold in connection with the spectacle lens.

[0232] A “plurality of structures” of the digital twin of the spectacle lens is defined analogously to the plurality of structures of the spectacle lens as a plurality of domains on or of the surface of the digital twin of the spectacle lens, each domain of said plurality of domains having a surface power which is different to a surface power of said surface of the digital twin of the spectacle lens outside each domain occupied by each structure of said plurality of structures.

[0233] The problem has been solved by the method described in the foregoing. Positioning the plurality of structures between the structure-free simply connected central zone and the ring-shaped connected peripheral zone, light virtually directed through the portion of the digital twin of the spectacle lens comprising said plurality of structures is designed to provide a defocus signal whilst allowing good vision for the spectacle lens wearer. In the periphery of the digital twin of the spectacle lens comprising said ring-shaped connected peripheral zone, the absolute value of the difference in surface mean power above the predefined threshold is designed to deliver a defocus signal for the spectacle lens wearer. The method described in the forgoing is not only a method for improving a design for a digital twin of a spectacle lens based on the simultaneous competing defocus theory but is simultaneously addressing the peripheral defocus strategy for the same digital twin of the spectacle lens. Thus, the digital twin of the spectacle lens is combining two completely different approaches in prevention of myopia progression for the spectacle lens wearer while maintaining the key features of each approach in the same digital twin of the spectacle lens.

[0234] Preferably, the method configured for calculating, by the computer, the digital twin of the spectacle lens for the purpose of the use of the digital twin for the manufacture of the spectacle lens, is characterized in that said positioning of said plurality of structures between said structure-free simply connected central zone of said digital twin of said spectacle lens and said ring-shaped connected peripheral zone of said digital twin of said spectacle lens results in a fill factor of said digital twin of said spectacle lens being within one of the following ranges:

[0235] - said fill factor being in a range of 10% to 60%,

[0236] - said fill factor being in a range of 20 to 50%,

[0237] - said fill factor being in a range of 30 to 45%, said fill factor being defined as a ratio of a sum of surface areas occupied by each structure of said plurality of structures positioned between said structure-free simply connected central zone and said ring-shaped connected peripheral zone to a surface area of a surface of said digital twin of said spectacle lens between said structure-free simply connected central zone and said ring-shaped connected peripheral zone.

[0238] Positioning the plurality of structures between the structure-free simply connected central zone and the ring-shaped connected peripheral zone such that the fill factor is in one of the before-given ranges is assumed to ensure a comfort in wearability for the spectacle lens wearer due to providing clear vision in between the plurality of structures, additionally to providing clear vision in the structure-free simply connected central zone, while, at the same time, the plurality of structures provides the stop or slow signal over larger units of the retina closer to the fovea of the eye than the defocus signal delivered by the ring-shaped connected peripheral zone.

[0239] The method being configured for calculating by a computer a digital twin of a spectacle lens for the purpose of a use of the digital twin for a manufacture of the spectacle lens, the digital twin of the spectacle lens comprising a central zone and a ring-shaped connected peripheral zone, said ringshaped connected peripheral zone being limited by an onset line representing an absolute value of a difference in surface mean power above a predefined threshold, said absolute value of the difference in surface mean power being relative to a surface mean power at an optical centre of the spectacle lens or at a fitting point of the spectacle lens, the optical centre as defined in ISO 13666:2019(E), entry 3.2.15, the fitting point as defined in ISO 13666:2019(E), entry 3.2.34, the method being characterized in the step of

[0240] - positioning a plurality of structures outside said central zone such that a fill factor defined as a ratio of a sum of surface areas occupied by each structure of said plurality of structures to a surface area between a boundary of said central zone and a predefined convex hull encircling said plurality of structures is in a range selected from one of the following ranges:

[0241] - a range of 10% to 60%,

[0242] - a range of 20 to 50%,

[0243] - a range of 30 to 45%, said central zone being defined with respect to

[0244] A) an eye model comprising

[0245] - an optical axis of an eye,

[0246] - a distance from a nodal point of said eye to an apex of a cornea of said eye along said optical axis, said distance being 7 mm,

[0247] - a central visual field being defined by a right circular double cone Ccentrai with an axis coinciding with said optical axis, an apex of said right circular double cone Ccentrai being located at said intersection of said optical axis with said nodal point having said apex angle acentral, said apex angle acentrai being in one range selected from the following group of ranges: a range of 16° to 22°, a range of 16.5° to 21 °, a range of 17° to 20°, a range of 17.5° to 19°, said apex angle acentrai being identical for said central visual field and said right circular double cone Ccentrai, and

[0248] B) an as-worn position as defined in ISO 13666:2019(E), entry 3.2.36, comprising

[0249] - a vertex distance as defined in ISO 13666:2019(E), entry 3.2.40, said vertex distance being 12 mm,

[0250] - a primary direction as defined in ISO 13666:2019(E), entry 3.2.25,

[0251] - an as-worn pantoscopic angle as defined in ISO 13666:2019(E), entry 3.2.37, said as-worn pantoscopic angle being 5.5°,

[0252] - an as-worn face form angle as defined in ISO 13666:2019(E), entry 3.2.38, said as-worn face form angle being 4.0°, said central zone being delineated by a projection of said central visual field having said apex angle □central onto a surface of said spectacle lens.

[0253] In particular, the method is configured for calculating, by the computer, the digital twin of the spectacle lens for the purpose of the use of the digital twin for the manufacture of the spectacle lens, the digital twin of the spectacle lens comprising the central zone and the ring-shaped connected peripheral zone, said ring-shaped connected peripheral zone being limited by the onset line representing the absolute value of the difference in surface mean power above the predefined threshold, said absolute value of the difference in surface mean power being relative to the surface mean power at the optical centre of the digital twin of the spectacle lens or at the fitting point of the digital twin of the spectacle lens, the method is characterized in the step of - positioning the plurality of structures outside said central zone such that the fill factor defined as the ratio of the sum of surface areas occupied by each structure of said plurality of structures to a surface area between the boundary of said central zone and the predefined convex hull encircling said plurality of structures is in the range selected from one of the following ranges:

[0254] - the range of 10% to 60%,

[0255] - the range of 20 to 50%,

[0256] - the range of 30 to 45%, said central zone being defined with respect to

[0257] A) the eye model comprising

[0258] - the optical axis of the eye,

[0259] - the distance from the nodal point of said eye to the apex of the cornea of said eye along said optical axis, said distance being 7 mm,

[0260] - the central visual field being defined by the right circular double cone Ccentrai with the axis coinciding with said optical axis, the apex of said right circular double cone Ccentrai being located at said intersection of said optical axis with said nodal point having said apex angle acentrai, said apex angle acentrai being in one range selected from the following group of ranges: the range of 16° to 22°, the range of 16.5° to 21 °, the range of 17° to 20°, the range of 17.5° to 19°, said apex angle acentrai being identical for said central visual field and said right circular double cone Ccentrai, and

[0261] B) the as-worn position as defined in ISO 13666:2019(E), entry 3.2.36, comprising

[0262] - the vertex distance as defined in ISO 13666:2019(E), entry 3.2.40,

[0263] - the as-worn pantoscopic angle as defined in ISO 13666:2019(E), entry 3.2.37,

[0264] - the as-worn face form angle as defined in ISO 13666:2019(E), entry 3.2.38, said central zone being delineated by the projection of said central visual field having said apex angle acentrai onto a surface of said digital twin of said spectacle lens.

[0265] Preferably, for the standard as-worn position predefined for the specific spectacle lens described before with respect to the kit, the vertex distance is 12 mm, the as-worn pantoscopic angle is 5.5° and the as-worn face form angle is 4°.

[0266] The projection of said central visual field having said apex angle acentrai onto a surface of said digital twin of said spectacle lens is defined analogously to the projection of the central visual field” onto the surface of the spectacle lens described before.

[0267] The central zone has a central zone width, the central zone width determined as a diameter of siad central zone or as a maximum expansion within a boundary each delineated by the projection of the central visual field having the apex angle acentrai onto the surface of the spectacle lens. The diameter of said central zone or the maximum expansion within the boundary of said central zone each coincides with said central zone width. A “predefined convex hull” is a preselected ring-shaped imaginary line on the surface of the spectacle lens within which the plurality of structures shall be distributed. Preferably, the predefined convex hull is the preselected ring-shaped imaginary line on the surface of the spectacle lens outside the central zone, i.e., outside the boundary of the central zone. The predefined convex hull preferably is preselected before the plurality of structures is distributed, i.e. each structure of the plurality of structures is positioned, within the predefined convex hull and such that the predefined convex hull forms a convex hull of the plurality of structures. The predefined convex hull preferably is preselected before the plurality of structures is positioned within the predefined convex hull and such that the plurality of structures is positioned with the fill factor mentioned before, outside the central zone, between the boundary of the central zone and the predefined convex hull.

[0268] The predefined convex hull may coincide with the onset line representing the absolute value of the difference in surface mean power above the predefined threshold or with the outer boundary of the ring-shaped connected near peripheral zone, the ring-shaped connected near peripheral zone determined as described before.

[0269] Positioning the plurality of structures outside the central zone such that the fill factor is in one of the before-given ranges is assumed to ensure a comfort in wearability for the spectacle lens wearer due to providing clear vision in between the plurality of structures, while, at the same time, the plurality of structures provides the stop or slow signal over larger units of the retina closer to the fovea of the eye than the defocus signal delivered by the ring-shaped connected peripheral zone. By determining the central zone based on the eye model and the individual as-worn position, the position of the plurality of structures is assumed to be more fitting to the specific spectacle lens wearer.

[0270] The method being configured for calculating, by a computer, a digital twin of a spectacle lens for the purpose of a use of the digital twin for a manufacture of the spectacle lens, the method being characterized in the step of

[0271] - positioning a plurality of structures in a ring-shaped connected near peripheral zone, said ring-shaped connected near peripheral zone being defined respect to A) an eye model comprising

[0272] - an optical axis of an eye,

[0273] - a distance from a nodal point of said eye to an apex of a cornea of said eye along said optical axis, said distance being 7 mm,

[0274] - a central visual field being defined by a right circular double cone Ccentrai with an axis coinciding with said optical axis, an apex of said right circular double cone Ccentrai being located at said intersection of said optical axis with said nodal point having said apex angle acentrai, said apex angle acentrai being in one range selected from the following group of ranges: a range of 16° to 22°, a range of 16.5° to 21 °, a range of 17° to 20°, a range of 17.5° to 19°, said apex angle acentrai being identical for said central visual field and said right circular double cone Ccentrai ,

[0275] - a near peripheral retinal visual field being defined by a right circular double cone Cnear with an axis coinciding with said optical axis, an apex of said right circular double cone Cnear being located at said intersection of said optical axis with said nodal point having an apex angle anear of 80°, said apex angle anear being identical for said near peripheral retinal visual field and said right circular double cone Cnear, and

[0276] B) an as-worn position as defined in ISO 13666:2019(E), entry 3.2.36, comprising

[0277] - a vertex distance as defined in ISO 13666:2019(E), entry 3.2.40,

[0278] - an as-worn pantoscopic angle as defined in ISO 13666:2019(E), entry 3.2.37,

[0279] - an as-worn face form angle as defined in ISO 13666:2019(E), entry 3.2.38, said ring-shaped connected near peripheral zone being a projection of said near peripheral retinal visual field onto a surface of said digital twin of said spectacle lens, said projection being delineated by a projection of said central visual field having said apex angle acentrai and a projection of said near peripheral retinal visual field having said apex angle anear, a ring-shaped connected peripheral zone surrounding said ring-shaped connected near peripheral zone, said ring-shaped connected peripheral zone being limited by an onset line representing an absolute value of a difference in surface mean power above a predefined threshold, said absolute value of the difference in surface mean power being relative to a surface mean power at an optical centre of said digital twin of said spectacle lens or a fitting point of said digital twin of said spectacle lens.

[0280] The projection of the near peripheral retinal visual field onto the surface of the digital twin of the spectacle lens is defined analogously to the projection of the near peripheral retinal visual field onto the surface of the spectacle lens described before.

[0281] The problem has been solved by the method described in the foregoing. The spectacle lens calculated according to said method is not only improving a design for a spectacle lens based on the simultaneous competing defocus theory but is simultaneously addressing the peripheral defocus strategy in a same spectacle lens, thus combining two completely different approaches in prevention of myopia progression while maintaining the key feature of each approach in the same spectacle lens. By positioning the plurality of structures in the ring-shaped connected near peripheral zone determined based on the eye model and the individual as-worn position, the effect of the plurality of structures providing simultaneous competing defocus is adapted to said eye model and said individual as-worn position and thus, the stop or slow signal over larger units of the retina closer to the fovea of the eye is assumed to be even more targeted on the relevant parts of the retina, in particular for the specific spectacle lens wearer.

[0282] Preferably, the method configured for calculating, by a computer, a digital twin of a spectacle lens for the purpose of a use of the digital twin for a manufacture of the spectacle lens, is characterized in that said positioning of said plurality of structures in said ring-shaped connected near peripheral zone results in a near peripheral zone fill factor within one of the following ranges of near peripheral zone fill factors:

[0283] - said near peripheral zone fill factor being in a range of 30% to 75% - said near peripheral zone fill factor being in a range of 35% to 70%

[0284] - said near peripheral zone fill factor being in a range of 40% to 65%

[0285] - said near peripheral zone fill factor being in a range of 45% to 60%, said near peripheral zone fill factor being defined as a ratio of a sum of surface areas occupied by each structure of said plurality of structures to a surface area of said ring-shaped connected near peripheral zone.

[0286] By positioning the plurality of structures in the ring-shaped connected near peripheral zone such that the near peripheral zone fill factor is within one of the before-mentioned ranges it is assumed that the comfort in wearability for the spectacle lens wearer is ensured due to providing clear vision in between the plurality of structures, while, at the same time, the plurality of structures provides the stop or slow signal more targeted over larger units of the retina closer to the fovea of the eye, in particular for the specific spectacle lens wearer, based on the eye model and the individual as-worn position.

[0287] Preferably, the method configured for calculating, by a computer, a digital twin of a spectacle lens for the purpose of a use of the digital twin for a manufacture of the spectacle lens, is characterized in the step of

[0288] - positioning a single further structure or a further plurality of structures in said central zone such that a central zone fill factor is within one of the following ranges of central zone fill factors:

[0289] - said central zone fill factor being in a range of 0% to 10%

[0290] - said central zone fill factor being in a range of 0.1% to 8%

[0291] - said central zone fill factor being in a range of 0.2% to 6%

[0292] - said central zone fill factor being in a range of 0.3% to 4%, said central zone fill factor being defined as a ratio of a surface area occupied by said single further structure within said central zone to a surface area of said central zone or as ratio of a sum of surface areas occupied by each structure of said further plurality of structures within said central zone to a surface area of said central zone.

[0293] By additionally positioning the single further structure or the further plurality of structures within the central zone, it is assumed to provide the stop or slow signal even closer to the fovea of the eye, thus presumably enhancing the efficacy of the spectacle lens. Positioning the single further structure or the further plurality of structures in the central zone such that the central zone fill factor is in one of the before-given ranges is assumed to ensure the comfort in wearability for the spectacle lens wearer due to providing large areas of clear vision outside the single further structure or in between the further plurality of structures, while, at the same time, the single further structure or the further plurality of further structures provides the stop or slow signal over larger units of the retina even closer to the fovea of the eye, in particular for the specific spectacle lens wearer, based on the eye model and the individual as-worn position. Preferably, the method configured for calculating, by a computer, a digital twin of a spectacle lens for the purpose of a use of the digital twin for a manufacture of the spectacle lens, is characterized in that said predefined threshold is one of the following values:

[0294] - 0.25 dioptre

[0295] - 0.5 dioptre

[0296] - 0.75 dioptre

[0297] - 1 .0 dioptres.

[0298] The ring-shaped connected peripheral zone in which the surface mean power is above the predefined threshold selected from one of the before-mentioned values ensures that the ring-shaped connected peripheral zone delivers the defocus signal. When the ring-shaped connected peripheral zone is determined based on the eye model and the as-worn position, it is assumed that the ring-shaped connected peripheral zone delivers the defocus signal targeted for the specific spectacle lens wearer.

[0299] Preferably, the method is further configured for manufacturing a spectacle lens based on the digital twin of the spectacle lens.

[0300] Preferably, the method further comprises the step of manufacturing the spectacle lens based on the digital twin of the spectacle lens, calculated by any one of the methods described before.

[0301] The digital twin of the spectacle lens is transferred to physical reality by manufacturing the spectacle lens. The spectacle lens may be manufactured in a surfacing process or in a casting process.

[0302] The computer is configured to perform the step of any one of the methods described before.

[0303] The computer is configured to perform the step of

[0304] - positioning a plurality of structures outside a central zone of a digital twin of a spectacle lens such that a fill factor defined as a ratio of a sum of surface areas occupied by each structure of a plurality of structures to a surface area between a boundary of said central zone and a predefined convex hull encircling said plurality of structures is in a range selected from one of the following ranges:

[0305] - a range of 10% to 60%,

[0306] - a range of 20 to 50%,

[0307] - a range of 30 to 45%, said central zone being defined with respect to

[0308] A) an eye model comprising

[0309] - an optical axis of an eye,

[0310] - a distance from a nodal point of said eye to an apex of a cornea of said eye along said optical axis, said distance being 7 mm,

[0311] - a central visual field being defined by a right circular double cone Ccentrai with an axis coinciding with said optical axis, an apex of said right circular double cone Ccentrai being located at said intersection of said optical axis with said nodal point having said apex angle acentral, said apex angle acentral being in one range selected from the following group of ranges: a range of 16° to 22°, a range of 16.5° to 21 °, a range of 17° to 20°, a range of 17.5° to 19°, said apex angle acentrai being identical for said central visual field and said right circular double cone Ccentral, and

[0312] B) an as-worn position as defined in ISO 13666:2019(E), entry 3.2.36, comprising

[0313] - a vertex distance as defined in ISO 13666:2019(E), entry 3.2.40,

[0314] - an as-worn pantoscopic angle as defined in ISO 13666:2019(E), entry 3.2.37,

[0315] - an as-worn face form angle as defined in ISO 13666:2019(E), entry 3.2.38, said central zone being delineated by a projection of said central visual field having said apex angle □central onto a surface of said spectacle lens.

[0316] Preferably, for the standard as-worn position predefined for the specific spectacle lens, described before with respect to the kit, the vertex distance is 12 mm, the as-worn pantoscopic angle is 5.5° and the as-worn face form angle is 4°.

[0317] The digital twin of the spectacle lens comprises said central zone and a ring-shaped connected peripheral zone, said ring-shaped connected peripheral zone being limited by an onset line representing an absolute value of a difference in surface mean power above a predefined threshold, said absolute value of the difference in surface mean power being relative to a surface mean power at an optical centre of the spectacle lens or at a fitting point of the spectacle lens, the optical centre as defined in ISO 13666:2019(E), entry 3.2.15, the fitting point as defined in ISO 13666:2019(E), entry 3.2.34.

[0318] The computer program comprising instructions which, when the program is executed by a computer, cause the computer to carry out the method described before.

[0319] The computer program may be stored on a non-transitory tangible computer-readable storage medium, the computer program comprising instructions which, when the program is executed by a computer, cause the computer to carry out the method described before.

[0320] The computer-readable storage medium having stored thereon the computer program.

[0321] The computer-readable storage medium may be a non-transitory tangible computer-readable storage medium.

[0322] A data processing system comprising a processor and a storage medium coupled to the processor, wherein the processor is adapted to perform the steps of the method described before based on a computer program stored on the storage medium.

[0323] The data signal is carrying the computer program. FIG. 1 is a schematic of an exemplary spectacle lens having three zones, a central zone, a near peripheral zone and a far peripheral zone. The central zone is designed to correspond to the foveal region 101 , the near peripheral zone to the near peripheral retina 102 and the far peripheral zone to the far peripheral retina 103. The central optical zone comprises the fitting point or the optical centre of the spectacle lens.

[0324] FIG. 2 illustrates the features across the near peripheral zone a spectacle lens for a myopic eye. The central zone 201 simply corrects for the distance refractive error of the eye and is devoid of any signal that modulates eye growth. In the near peripheral zone 202, there are one or more features 204 that deliver the optical signal to the retina of the eye. In embodiment 2a, the near peripheral zone comprises an annular element that delivers signal to modulate eye growth. In embodiment 2b, the near peripheral zone comprises segments that deliver the signal, in 2c the signal is delivered as segments that extend horizontally across near peripheral and far peripheral zone (203), in 2d the signal varies across the annular elements, in 2e the annular elements are of varying shape and may be asymmetric around the optical centre and in 2f, the annular elements also extend into the far peripheral zone.

[0325] FIG. 3 illustrates the features across the far peripheral zone of a spectacle lens for a myopic eye. The central zone 301 corrects for the distance refractive error of the eye and does not contain features that modulate eye growth. In the far peripheral zone 303, there are one or more features that deliver the optical signal to the eye. As illustrated in FIG 3a, the features may be distributed substantially uniformly across substantially the entire peripheral zone. The feature that delivers the signal may be a defocus signal that may be relatively more positive than the power in the central zone 301 , or less positive than the power in central optical zone or may be a combination of powers. In certain other embodiments as illustrated in FIG. 3 b to 3c, the signal may be gradient in nature or non-uniform across the far peripheral zone. In some embodiments as illustrated in Fig. 3d, the far peripheral zone may be asymmetric around the optical centre of the lens. In certain embodiments as illustrated in FIG. 3d to 3f, the inner aspect of the far peripheral zone may be circular in shape, oval in shape or asymmetrically oval in shape having considered the gaze and eye movements of the wearer of the ophthalmic lens. In some embodiments as illustrated in 3f, the features of the near peripheral zone may extend into the far peripheral zone.

[0326] FIG. 4 illustrates an exemplary spectacle lens. The diameter of the spectacle lens is 60mm and the spectacle lens comprises a central zone 401 of 7mm or semi chord diameter of 3.5mm and a near peripheral zone 402 that extends from 3.5mm until 13.5mm semi-chord diameter. The far peripheral zone 403 extends from 13.5mm to 30mms. The central zone of the lens has a power profile that corrects for the distance refractive error of the eye is devoid of any optical signals that modulate eye growth. The near peripheral zone comprises four ring-shaped structures that are approximately 1 mm and uniform in width and spaced apart by approximately 2mms. The ring-shaped structures are cylindrical elements that deliver a surface mean power that is relatively positively powered in comparison to the surface mean power at the optical centre by approximately 2D (dioptres) to approximately 10D and preferably from about 2D to about 8D. The ring-shaped structures have two focal planes with the anterior most focal plane in myopic defocus. The interannular spacing, i.e., the space in between the ring-shaped structures is approximately 2mm in width and comprises a surface mean power that is substantially similar to the surface mean power at the optical centre. The fill factor of the ring-shaped structures is approximately 38 to 40% and is structured to maintain adequate visual performance. The onset line of the far peripheral zone is asymmetric relative to the optical centre of the lens and extends more in the superior meridian than inferior (403a) and is wider horizontally (403b) and is relatively more positive than the central zone but is less positive than the ring-shaped structures. In addition, the relatively positive power in the far peripheral zone is gradient in profile and increases towards the periphery of the spectacle lens.

Claims

1 . Spectacle lens (100) comprising i) a structure-free simply connected central zone, said structure-free simply connected central zone comprising an optical centre of said spectacle lens (100), said optical centre being defined as in ISO 13666:2019(E), entry 3.2.15, said structure-free simply connected central zone having a central zone width, ii) a ring-shaped connected peripheral zone, said ring-shaped connected peripheral zone being limited by an onset line representing an absolute value of a difference in surface mean power above a predefined threshold, said absolute value of the difference in surface mean power being relative to a surface mean power at the optical centre of the spectacle lens (100), characterized in that a plurality of structures being positioned between said structure-free simply connected central zone and said ring-shaped connected peripheral zone, said ring-shaped connected peripheral zone being limited by a single onset line.

2. Spectacle lens (100) according to claim 1 , characterized in that a fill factor of said spectacle lens is within one of the following ranges of fill factors:- said fill factor being in a range of 10% to 60%,- said fill factor being in a range of 20 to 50%,- said fill factor being in a range of 30 to 45%, said fill factor of said spectacle lens being defined as a ratio of a sum of surface areas occupied by each structure of said plurality of structures being positioned between said structure-free simply connected central zone and said ring-shaped connected peripheral zone to a surface area of a surface of said spectacle lens between said structure-free simply connected central zone and said ring-shaped connected peripheral zone.

3. Spectacle lens (100) comprising i) a central zone (201 , 301 , 401), ii)- a ring-shaped connected peripheral zone, said ring-shaped connected peripheral zone being limited by an onset line representing an absolute value of a difference in surface mean power above a predefined threshold, said absolute value of the difference in surface mean power being relative to a surface mean power at an optical centre of the spectacle lens (100), said optical centre being defined as in ISO 13666:2019(E), entry 3.2.15, characterized in that said central zone (201 , 301 , 401), a ring-shaped connected near peripheral zone (202, 302, 402) and a ring-shaped connected far peripheral zone (203, 303, 403) each being defined with respect toA) an eye model comprising- an optical axis of an eye,- a distance from a nodal point of said eye to an apex of a cornea of said eye along said optical axis, said distance being 7 mm,- a central visual field being defined by a right circular double cone Ccentrai with an axis coinciding with said optical axis, an apex of said right circular double cone Ccentrai being located at said intersection of said optical axis with said nodal point having said apex angle □central, said apex angle acentrai being in one range selected from the following group of ranges: a range of 16° to 22°, a range of 16.5° to 21 °, a range of 17° to 20°, a range of 17.5° to 19°, said apex angle acentrai being identical for said central visual field and said right circular double cone Ccentrai ,- a near peripheral retinal visual field being defined by a right circular double cone Cnear with an axis coinciding with said optical axis, an apex of said right circular double cone Cnear being located at said intersection of said optical axis with said nodal point having an apex angle anear of 80°, said apex angle anear being identical for said near peripheral retinal visual field and said right circular double cone Cnear, andB) an as-worn position as defined in ISO 13666:2019(E), entry 3.2.36, comprising- a vertex distance as defined in ISO 13666:2019(E), entry 3.2.40, said vertex distance being 12 mm,- an as-worn pantoscopic angle as defined in ISO 13666:2019(E), entry 3.2.37, said as-worn pantoscopic angle being 5.5°,- an as-worn face form angle as defined in ISO 13666:2019(E), entry 3.2.38, said as-worn face form angle being 4.0°, said central zone (201 , 301 , 401) being delineated by a projection of said central visual field having said apex angle acentrai onto a surface of said spectacle lens (100), said ring-shaped connected near peripheral zone (202, 302 ,402) being a projection of said near peripheral retinal visual field onto said surface of said spectacle lens or a surface of said spectacle lens, said projection being delineated by said projection of said central visual field having said apex angle acentrai and a projection of said near peripheral retinal visual field having said apex angle anear, said ring-shaped connected near peripheral zone (202, 302, 402) comprising a plurality of structures, said ring-shaped connected far peripheral zone (203, 303 ,403) being delineated by said projection of said near peripheral retinal visual field having said apex angle anear and an edge of the spectacle lens (100), said ring-shaped connected far peripheral zone (203, 303 ,403) comprising said ring-shaped connected peripheral zone.

4. Spectacle lens (100) according to claim 3, characterized in that said ring-shaped connected near peripheral zone (202, 302, 402) has a near peripheral zone fill factor, said near peripheral zone fill factor being defined as a ratio of a sum of surface areas occupied by each structure of said plurality of structures to a surface area of said ring-shaped connected near peripheral zone (202, 302, 402), said near peripheral zone fill factor being within one of the following ranges of near peripheral zone fill factors:- said near peripheral zone fill factor being in a range of 30% to 75%- said near peripheral zone fill factor being in a range of 35% to 70%- said near peripheral zone fill factor being in a range of 40% to 65%- said near peripheral zone fill factor being in a range of 45% to 60%.

5. Spectacle lens (100) according to any one of preceding claims 3 and 4, characterized in that said central zone (201 , 301 , 401) has a central zone fill factor, said central zone fill factor being defined as a ratio of a surface area occupied by a single further structure within said central zone (201 , 301 401) to a surface area of said central zone (201 , 301 , 401) or as ratio of a sum of surface areas occupied by each structure of a further plurality of structures within said central zone (201 , 301 , 401) to a surface area of said central zone (201 , 301 , 401), said central zone fill factor being within one of the following ranges of central zone fill factors:- said central zone fill factor being in a range of 0% to 10%- said central zone fill factor being in a range of 0.1% to 8%- said central zone fill factor being in a range of 0.2% to 6%- said central zone fill factor being in a range of 0.3% to 4%.

6. Spectacle lens (100) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that said predefined threshold is one of the following values:- 0.25 dioptre- 0.5 dioptre- 0.75 dioptre- 1 .0 dioptres.

7. Data set comprising at least one kind of the following kinds of data:(i) data of the spectacle lens according to any one of preceding claims 1 to 6, said data being configured for the purpose of manufacturing the spectacle lens (100) according to any one of preceding claims 1 to 6,(ii) data of the spectacle lens according to any one of preceding claims 1 to 6, said data to be fed to one or more manufacturing machines for manufacturing the spectacle lens (100) according to any one of preceding claims 1 to 6,(iii)data containing computer-readable instructions for controlling one or more manufacturing machines to manufacture the spectacle lens (100) according to any one of preceding claims 1 to 6.

8. Kit comprising a spectacle lens (100) and information, said spectacle lens (100) comprising- a central zone (201 , 301 , 401),- a ring-shaped connected peripheral zone, said ring-shaped connected peripheral zone being limited by an onset line representing an absolute value of a difference in surface mean power above a predefined threshold, said absolute value of the difference in surface mean powerbeing relative to a surface mean power at a fitting point of the spectacle lens, the fitting point being defined as in ISO 13666:2019(E), entry 3.2.34, said information comprising an eye model, an as-worn position as defined in ISO 13666:2019(E), entry 3.2.36, a position of said fitting point on a front surface of said spectacle lens being stipulated by a manufacturer, said kit being characterized in that said central zone (201 , 301 , 401) of said spectacle lens is defined with respect toA) said eye model comprising- an optical axis of an eye,- a distance from a nodal point of said eye to an apex of a cornea of said eye along said optical axis, said distance being 7 mm,- a central visual field being defined by a right circular double cone Ccentrai with an axis coinciding with said optical axis, an apex of said right circular double cone Ccentrai being located at said intersection of said optical axis with said nodal point having said apex angle □central, said apex angle acentrai being in one range selected from the following group of ranges: a range of 16° to 22°, a range of 16.5° to 21 °, a range of 17° to 20°, a range of 17.5° to 19°, said apex angle acentrai being identical for said central visual field and said right circular double cone Ccentrai ,B) said as-worn position, said central zone (201 , 301 , 401) of said spectacle lens (100) being delineated by a projection of said central visual field having said apex angle acentrai onto a surface of said spectacle lens, said spectacle lens comprising a plurality of structures at least between said central zone (201 , 301 , 401) of said spectacle lens (100) and said ring-shaped connected peripheral zone of said spectacle lens.

9. Kit according to preceding claim 8, characterized in that a ring-shaped connected near peripheral zone (202, 302, 402) of said spectacle lens (100) has a near peripheral zone fill factor, said near peripheral zone fill factor being defined as a ratio of a sum of surface areas occupied by each structure of said plurality of structures to a surface area of said ring-shaped connected near peripheral zone (202, 302, 402), said near peripheral zone fill factor being within one of the following ranges of near peripheral zone fill factors:- said near peripheral zone fill factor being in a range of 30% to 75%- said near peripheral zone fill factor being in a range of 35% to 70%- said near peripheral zone fill factor being in a range of 40% to 65%- said near peripheral zone fill factor being in a range of 45% to 60%, said ring-shaped connected near peripheral zone (202, 302, 402) of said spectacle lens (100) being defined with respect to said eye model comprising a near peripheral retinal visual field being defined by a right circular double cone Cnear with an axis coinciding with said optical axis, an apex of said right circular double cone Cnear being located atsaid intersection of said optical axis with said nodal point having an apex angle anear of 80°, said apex angle anear being identical for said near peripheral retinal visual field and said right circular double cone Cnear, said ring-shaped connected near peripheral zone (202, 302, 402) of said spectacle lens (100) being delineated by said projection of said central visual field having said apex angle acentrai and a projection of said near peripheral retinal visual field having said apex angle anear.

10. Kit according to any one of the preceding claims 8 and 9, characterized in that said central zone (201 , 301 , 401) of said spectacle lens (100) has a central zone fill factor, said central zone fill factor being defined as a ratio of a surface area occupied by a single further structure within said central zone (201 , 301 , 401) to a surface area of said central zone (201 , 301 , 401) or as ratio of a sum of surface areas occupied by each structure of a further plurality of structures within said central zone (201 , 301 , 401) to a surface area of said central zone (201 , 301 , 401), said central zone fill factor being within one of the following ranges of central zone fill factors:- said central zone fill factor being in a range of 0% to 10%- said central zone fill factor being in a range of 0.1 % to 8%- said central zone fill factor being in a range of 0.2% to 6%- said central zone fill factor being in a range of 0.3% to 4%.

11. Kit according to any one of preceding claims 8 to 10, characterized in that said predefined threshold of said ring-shaped connected zone of said spectacle lens is one of the following values:- 0.25 dioptre- 0.5 dioptre- 0.75 dioptre- 1 .0 dioptres.

12. Data set comprising at least one kind of the following kinds of data:(i) data of the kit according to any one of preceding claims 8 to 11 , said data of said kit comprising spectacle lens data of said spectacle lens and information data of said information, said spectacle lens data of said spectacle lens being configured for the purpose of manufacturing the spectacle lens (100),(ii) data of the kit according to any one of preceding claims 8 to 11 , said data of said kit comprising spectacle lens data of said spectacle lens and information data of said information, said spectacle lens data of said spectacle lens to be fed to one or more manufacturing machines for manufacturing the spectacle lens (100),(iii)spectacle lens data of said spectacle lens containing computer-readable instructions for controlling one or more manufacturing machines to manufacture the spectacle lens (100) according to data of the kit according to any one of preceding claims 8 to 1 1 , said data of said kit comprising spectacle lens data of said spectacle lens and information data of said information.

13. Method being configured for calculating, by a computer, a digital twin of a spectacle lens for the purpose of a use of the digital twin for a manufacture of the spectacle lens (100), the method being characterized in the step of- positioning a plurality of structures between a structure-free simply connected central zone of said digital twin of said spectacle lens and a ring-shaped connected peripheral zone of said digital twin of said spectacle lens, said structure-free simply connected central zone comprising an optical centre of said digital twin of said spectacle lens or a fitting point of said digital twin of said spectacle lens, said ring-shaped connected peripheral zone being limited by an onset line representing an absolute value of a difference in surface mean power above a predefined threshold, said absolute value of the difference in surface mean power being relative to a surface mean power at the optical centre of said digital twin of said spectacle lens or at the fitting point of said digital twin of said spectacle lens, said ring-shaped connected peripheral zone being limited by a single onset line.

14. Method according to claim 13, characterized in that- said positioning of said plurality of structures between said structure-free simply connected central zone of said digital twin of said spectacle lens and said ring-shaped connected peripheral zone of said digital twin of said spectacle lens results in a fill factor of said digital twin of said spectacle lens being within one of the following ranges:- said fill factor being in a range of 10% to 60%,- said fill factor being in a range of 20 to 50%,- said fill factor being in a range of 30 to 45%, said fill factor being defined as a ratio of a sum of surface areas occupied by each structure of said plurality of structures positioned between said structure-free simply connected central zone and said ring-shaped connected peripheral zone to a surface area of a surface of said digital twin of said spectacle lens between said structure-free simply connected central zone and said ring-shaped connected peripheral zone.

15. Method being configured for calculating, by a computer, a digital twin of a spectacle lens for the purpose of a use of the digital twin for a manufacture of the spectacle lens (100), the digital twin of the spectacle lens comprising a central zone and a ring-shaped connected peripheral zone, said ring-shaped connected peripheral zone being limited by an onset line representing an absolute value of a difference in surface mean power above a predefined threshold, said absolute value of the difference in surface mean power being relative to a surface mean power at an optical centre of the digital twin of the spectacle lens or at a fitting point of the digital twin of the spectacle lens, the method being characterized in the step of- positioning a plurality of structures outside said central zone (201 , 301 , 401) such that a fill factor defined as a ratio of a sum of surface areas occupied by each structure of said plurality ofstructures to a surface area between a boundary of said central zone (201 , 301 , 401) and a predefined convex hull encircling said plurality of structures is in a range selected from one of the following ranges:- a range of 10% to 60%,- a range of 20 to 50%,- a range of 30 to 45%, said central zone being defined with respect toA) an eye model comprising- an optical axis of an eye,- a distance from a nodal point of said eye to an apex of a cornea of said eye along said optical axis, said distance being 7 mm,- a central visual field being defined by a right circular double cone Ccentrai with an axis coinciding with said optical axis, an apex of said right circular double cone Ccentrai being located at said intersection of said optical axis with said nodal point having said apex angle □central, said apex angle acentrai being in one range selected from the following group of ranges: a range of 16° to 22°, a range of 16.5° to 21 °, a range of 17° to 20°, a range of 17.5° to 19°, said apex angle acentrai being identical for said central visual field and said right circular double cone Ccentrai , andB) an as-worn position as defined in ISO 13666:2019(E), entry 3.2.36, comprising- a vertex distance as defined in ISO 13666:2019(E), entry 3.2.40,- an as-worn pantoscopic angle as defined in ISO 13666:2019(E), entry 3.2.37,- an as-worn face form angle as defined in ISO 13666:2019(E), entry 3.2.38, said central zone (201 , 301 , 401) being delineated by a projection of said central visual field having said apex angle acentrai onto a surface of said digital twin of said spectacle lens.

16. Method being configured for calculating, by a computer, a digital twin of a spectacle lens for the purpose of a use of the digital twin for a manufacture of the spectacle lens (100), the method being characterized in the step of- positioning a plurality of structures in a ring-shaped connected near peripheral zone (202, 302, 402), said ring-shaped connected near peripheral zone (202, 302, 402) being defined respect toA) an eye model comprising- an optical axis of an eye,- a distance from a nodal point of said eye to an apex of a cornea of said eye along said optical axis, said distance being 7 mm,- a central visual field being defined by a right circular double cone Ccentrai with an axis coinciding with said optical axis, an apex of said right circular double cone Ccentrai being located at said intersection of said optical axis with said nodal point having said apex angle □central, said apex angle acentrai being in one range selected from the following group of ranges: a range of 16° to 22°, a range of 16.5° to 21 °, a range of 17° to 20°, a range of 17.5°to 19°, said apex angle acentrai being identical for said central visual field and said right circular double cone Ccentrai,- a near peripheral retinal visual field being defined by a right circular double cone Cnear with an axis coinciding with said optical axis, an apex of said right circular double cone Cnear being located at said intersection of said optical axis with said nodal point having an apex angle anear of 80°, said apex angle anear being identical for said near peripheral retinal visual field and said right circular double cone Cnear, andB) an as-worn position as defined in ISO 13666:2019(E), entry 3.2.36, comprising- a vertex distance as defined in ISO 13666:2019(E), entry 3.2.40,- an as-worn pantoscopic angle as defined in ISO 13666:2019(E), entry 3.2.37,- an as-worn face form angle as defined in ISO 13666:2019(E), entry 3.2.38, said ring-shaped connected near peripheral zone (202, 302, 402) being a projection of said near peripheral retinal visual field onto a surface of said digital twin of said spectacle lens, said projection being delineated by a projection of said central visual field having said apex angle □central and a projection of said near peripheral retinal visual field having said apex angle anear, a ring-shaped connected peripheral zone surrounding said ring-shaped connected near peripheral zone (202, 302, 402), said ring-shaped connected peripheral zone being limited by an onset line representing an absolute value of a difference in surface mean power above a predefined threshold, said absolute value of the difference in surface mean power being relative to a surface mean power at an optical centre of said digital twin of said spectacle lens or a fitting point of said digital twin of said spectacle lens.

17. Method according to preceding claim 16, characterized in that said positioning of said plurality of structures in said ring-shaped connected near peripheral zone (202, 302, 402) results in a near peripheral zone fill factor within one of the following ranges of near peripheral zone fill factors:- said near peripheral zone fill factor being in a range of 30% to 75%- said near peripheral zone fill factor being in a range of 35% to 70%- said near peripheral zone fill factor being in a range of 40% to 65%- said near peripheral zone fill factor being in a range of 45% to 60%, said near peripheral zone fill factor being defined as a ratio of a sum of surface areas occupied by each structure of said plurality of structures to a surface area of said ring-shaped connected near peripheral zone (202, 302, 402).

18. Method according to any one of preceding claims 15 to 17, characterized in the step of- positioning a single further structure or a further plurality of structures in said central zone (201 , 301 , 401) such that a central zone fill factor is within one of the following ranges of central zone fill factors:- said central zone fill factor being in a range of 0% to 10%- said central zone fill factor being in a range of 0.1 % to 8%- said central zone fill factor being in a range of 0.2% to 6%- said central zone fill factor being in a range of 0.3% to 4%, said central zone fill factor being defined as a ratio of a surface area occupied by said single further structure within said central zone (201 , 301 , 401) to a surface area of said central zone (201 , 301 , 401) or as ratio of a sum of surface areas occupied by each structure of said further plurality of structures within said central zone (201 , 301 , 401) to a surface area of said central zone (201 , 301 , 401).

19. Method according to any one of preceding claims 13 to 18, characterized in that said predefined threshold is one of the following values:- 0.25 dioptre- 0.5 dioptre- 0.75 dioptre- 1 .0 dioptres.

20. Method according to any one of preceding claims 13 to 19 being further configured for manufacturing a spectacle lens (100) based on the digital twin of the spectacle lens.21 . Computer being configured to perform the step of the method according to any one of preceding claims 13 to 19.

22. Computer program comprising instructions which, when the program is executed by a computer, cause the computer to carry out the method of any one of preceding claims 13 to 19.

23. Computer-readable storage medium having stored thereon the computer program of claim 22.

24. Data signal carrying the computer program of claim 22.

Images