Display device and electronic device comprising same

Abstract

According to an embodiment of the present invention, disclosed is a display device comprising: a substrate; light-emitting elements disposed on the substrate and defining a display area capable of providing a three-dimensional image surface; a touch layer disposed on the light-emitting elements and including touch electrodes; strain sensors disposed in the display area; and a touch sensing unit which is electrically connected to the touch layer and the strain sensors and senses a touch input on the basis of the relationship between a stretch rate of the display area and capacitance.

Description

Display device and electronic device including same

[0001] One or more embodiments relate to a flexible display device and an electronic device.

[0002] As display devices that visually display electrical signals evolve, a variety of display devices with superior characteristics, such as thinness, weight reduction, and low power consumption, are being introduced. For example, flexible display devices that can be folded or rolled are being introduced. Recently, active research and development is underway on display devices with diverse structures, such as stretchable display devices capable of transforming into various forms.

[0003] One or more embodiments provide a display device, such as a flexible display device and an electronic device.

[0004] One or more embodiments disclose a display device comprising a substrate, light-emitting elements disposed on the substrate and defining a display area capable of providing a three-dimensional image plane, a touch layer disposed on the light-emitting elements and including touch electrodes, strain sensors arranged in the display area, and a touch sensing unit electrically connected to the touch layer and the strain sensors and sensing a touch input based on a relationship between an elongation of the display area and a capacitance.

[0005] The above display area includes sub-areas, and each of the strain sensors can be placed in the sub-areas.

[0006] The above touch sensing unit can sense the touch input by comparing the measured elongation of each of the sub-regions and the measured capacitance of the touch electrodes corresponding to each of the sub-regions with reference data.

[0007] The above touch sensing unit can generate the reference data by setting the relationship between the elongation of each of the sub-regions according to the three-dimensional deformation of the display area and the capacitance of the touch electrodes corresponding to each of the sub-regions.

[0008] The above touch electrodes may include first touch electrodes arranged along a first direction and electrically connected to each other, and second touch electrodes arranged along a second direction intersecting the first direction and electrically connected to each other.

[0009] Each of the above sub-regions may be a region corresponding to a portion of each of two adjacent first touch electrodes among the first touch electrodes and a portion of each of two adjacent second touch electrodes among the second touch electrodes.

[0010] The above touch electrodes may include a row of first touch electrodes arranged along a first direction and a row of second touch electrodes arranged adjacent to the row of first touch electrodes along a second direction.

[0011] The above touch electrodes may include a row of first touch electrodes arranged along a first direction and a second touch electrode arranged adjacent to the row of first touch electrodes along a second direction and extending along the first direction.

[0012] Each of the above strain sensors may include a conductive wire having a serpentine shape.

[0013] The above display area includes pixels corresponding to the light-emitting elements, and the conductive line having the serpentine shape may have a mesh shape surrounding at least one pixel on a plane.

[0014] The device may further include a protective layer disposed on the light-emitting elements, and the strain sensors may be disposed between the protective layer and the touch layer.

[0015] One or more embodiments include a substrate, light-emitting elements disposed on the substrate and defining a display area, a touch layer disposed on the light-emitting elements and including touch electrodes, strain sensors arranged in a non-display area outside the display area, and a touch sensing unit electrically connected to the touch layer and the strain sensors, wherein the display area can provide a three-dimensional image plane, and the touch sensing unit can sense a touch input based on a relationship between an elongation of the display area and a capacitance.

[0016] The touch electrodes may include an alternating arrangement of rows of first touch electrodes arranged along a first direction and at least one second touch electrode arranged adjacent to the rows of first touch electrodes along a second direction, and each of the strain sensors may include a Wheatstone bridge including each of the first touch electrodes.

[0017] Trace lines connecting each of the above strain sensors and each of the above first touch electrodes can pass through the display area.

[0018] The display area includes sub-areas, each of the first touch electrodes is arranged in the sub-areas, and the touch sensing unit can sense the touch input by comparing the measured elongation of each of the sub-areas and the measured capacitance of the touch electrodes corresponding to each of the sub-areas with reference data.

[0019] The above touch sensing unit can generate the reference data by setting the relationship between the elongation of each of the sub-regions according to the three-dimensional deformation of the display area and the capacitance of the touch electrodes corresponding to each of the sub-regions.

[0020] The above touch electrodes are arranged along the first direction and the second direction, and each of the strain sensors may include a Wheatstone bridge including a corresponding one of the touch electrodes.

[0021] Trace lines connecting each of the above strain sensors and each of the above touch electrodes can pass through the display area.

[0022] The display area includes sub-areas, each of the touch electrodes is arranged in the sub-areas, and the touch sensing unit can sense the touch input by comparing the measured elongation of each of the sub-areas and the measured capacitance of the touch electrodes corresponding to each of the sub-areas with reference data.

[0023] The above touch sensing unit can generate the reference data by setting the relationship between the elongation of each of the sub-regions according to the three-dimensional deformation of the display area and the capacitance of the touch electrodes corresponding to each of the sub-regions.

[0024] One or more embodiments include a substrate, light-emitting elements disposed on the substrate and defining a display area, a touch layer disposed on the light-emitting elements and including touch electrodes, and a touch sensing unit electrically connected to the touch layer, wherein the display area provides a three-dimensional image plane, the display area includes sub-areas, and the touch sensing unit can sense a touch input by comparing a capacitance of a touch electrode corresponding to each of the sub-areas with reference data.

[0025] The above touch layer can detect touch input using a mutual capacitance method or a self-capacitance method.

[0026] One or more embodiments may be an electronic device comprising one of the embodiments of a display device.

[0027] According to one or more embodiments, sensing of a touch input of a display device that provides or is capable of providing a three-dimensional image plane can be facilitated.

[0028] These effects are exemplary and one or more embodiments are not limited by the above aspects.

[0029] The above and other aspects, features and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention will become more apparent from the description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0030] FIG. 1 is a perspective view schematically illustrating a display device according to one or more embodiments.

[0031] Figures 2a and 2b are perspective views showing the display device of Figure 1 extended in the first direction.

[0032] Figure 2c is a perspective view showing the display device of Figure 1 extended in the second direction.

[0033] Figure 2d is a perspective view showing the display device of Figure 1 extended in the first direction and the second direction.

[0034] Figure 2e is a perspective view showing the display device of Figure 1 extended in the third direction.

[0035] FIG. 3 is a schematic plan view of a display device according to one or more embodiments.

[0036] FIGS. 4A and 4B are plan views each showing a portion of a display area of ​​a display device according to one or more embodiments.

[0037] FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view showing a portion of a display area of ​​a display device according to one or more embodiments, corresponding to a cross-section taken along lines Va-Va' and Vb-Vb' of FIG. 4a.

[0038] Fig. 6 is an equivalent circuit diagram schematically showing the pixel circuit and light-emitting diode of Fig. 5.

[0039] FIGS. 7A to 7D are cross-sectional views schematically illustrating a light emitting diode of a display device according to one or more embodiments.

[0040] FIG. 8 is a schematic plan view of a touch layer of a display device according to one or more embodiments.

[0041] Figure 9 is an enlarged plan view of part VIII of Figure 8.

[0042] FIG. 10 is an enlarged plan view of a portion of a first touch electrode and a second touch electrode of a display device according to one or more embodiments.

[0043] Fig. 11 is a cross-sectional view taken along line XI-XI' of Fig. 8.

[0044] FIG. 12A is a plan view schematically illustrating the arrangement of a strain sensor included in a display device according to one or more embodiments.

[0045] Figure 12b is a plan view showing a portion of one strain sensor of Figure 12a.

[0046] Figures 12c and 12d are enlarged plan views of part XII of Figure 12c, respectively.

[0047] Figures 13a to 13c are cross-sectional views schematically illustrating a portion of a display device including a strain sensor, respectively.

[0048] FIG. 14 illustrates a display device according to one or more embodiments primarily showing touch electrodes.

[0049] FIG. 15 is a perspective view showing a three-dimensional deformation state of a display device according to one or more embodiments.

[0050] FIG. 16 is a flow chart illustrating the operation of a touch sensing unit according to one or more embodiments.

[0051] Figure 17a is a graph for visually explaining the reference data for each sub-area, and Figure 17b is a graph for visually explaining the touch input sensing method of the touch detection unit.

[0052] FIGS. 18A and 18B are schematic plan views of a touch layer of a display device according to one or more embodiments, respectively.

[0053] Fig. 19 is a cross-sectional view showing a portion of the touch layer illustrated in Figs. 18a and 18b.

[0054] FIGS. 20A and 20B are schematic plan views of touch electrodes and a sensor unit of a display device according to one or more embodiments, respectively.

[0055] FIG. 21 illustrates a display device according to one or more embodiments centered around a touch electrode and a strain sensor.

[0056] FIG. 22 is a schematic plan view of touch electrodes and a sensor unit of a display device according to one or more embodiments.

[0057] FIG. 23 illustrates a display device according to one or more embodiments centered around a touch electrode and a strain sensor.

[0058] FIG. 24 and FIG. 25 are perspective views each showing an electronic device to which a display device according to one or more embodiments is applied.

[0059] FIGS. 26A to 26C are plan views each illustrating touch electrodes of a display device according to one or more embodiments.

[0060] FIG. 27 is a flow chart illustrating the operation of a touch sensing unit according to one or more embodiments.

[0061] Figure 28a is a graph for visually explaining the reference data for each sub-area, and Figure 28b is a graph for visually explaining the touch input sensing method of the touch detection unit.

[0062] One or more embodiments disclose a display device comprising a substrate, light-emitting elements disposed on the substrate and defining a display area capable of providing a three-dimensional image plane, a touch layer disposed on the light-emitting elements and including touch electrodes, strain sensors arranged in the display area, and a touch sensing unit electrically connected to the touch layer and the strain sensors and sensing a touch input based on a relationship between an elongation of the display area and a capacitance.

[0063] One or more embodiments include a substrate, light-emitting elements disposed on the substrate and defining a display area, a touch layer disposed on the light-emitting elements and including touch electrodes, strain sensors arranged in a non-display area outside the display area, and a touch sensing unit electrically connected to the touch layer and the strain sensors, wherein the display area can provide a three-dimensional image plane, and the touch sensing unit can sense a touch input based on a relationship between an elongation of the display area and a capacitance.

[0064] One or more embodiments include a substrate, light-emitting elements disposed on the substrate and defining a display area, a touch layer disposed on the light-emitting elements and including touch electrodes, and a touch sensing unit electrically connected to the touch layer, wherein the display area provides a three-dimensional image plane, the display area includes sub-areas, and the touch sensing unit can sense a touch input by comparing a capacitance of a touch electrode corresponding to each of the sub-areas with reference data.

[0065] One or more embodiments may provide an electronic device including the display device described above.

[0066] Aspects of some embodiments of the present invention and methods for achieving them can be more readily understood by referring to the detailed description of the embodiments and the accompanying drawings. The described embodiments are provided by way of example so that the present invention is thorough and complete, and fully conveys aspects of the present invention to those skilled in the art. Accordingly, processes, elements, and techniques that are redundant, irrelevant or irrelevant to the description of the embodiments, or unnecessary for those skilled in the art to fully understand aspects of the present invention may be omitted. Unless otherwise stated, similar reference numbers, letters, or combinations thereof throughout the accompanying drawings and written description represent similar elements, and thus a repetitive description thereof may be omitted.

[0067] The described embodiments may have various modifications and may be embodied in other forms, and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments described herein. The use of "can," "may," or "may not" when describing an embodiment corresponds to one or more embodiments of the present invention.

[0068] A person skilled in the art will understand that the invention encompasses all modifications, equivalents and substitutes within the spirit and technical scope of the invention, taking into account the entirety of the invention, and that each feature of the embodiments of the invention may be partially or wholly combined with one another, and that various technical interconnections and operations are possible, and that each embodiment may be implemented independently of one another, or may be implemented in conjunction with one another unless otherwise stated or implied.

[0069] The relative sizes of elements, layers, and regions in the drawings may be exaggerated for clarity and / or illustrative purposes. In other words, the sizes and thicknesses of elements in the drawings are arbitrarily depicted for convenience of explanation, and the present invention is not limited thereto. Furthermore, the use of crosshatching and / or shading in the accompanying drawings is generally provided to clarify boundaries between adjacent elements. Therefore, the presence or absence of crosshatching or shading does not convey or indicate any preference or requirement for any particular material, material property, dimension, proportion, commonality between the depicted elements, and / or any other characteristic, property, or property of the elements.

[0070] Various embodiments are described herein with reference to cross-sectional illustrations, which are schematic illustrations of embodiments and / or intermediate structures. Therefore, variations in the shapes of the illustrations are expected, for example, due to manufacturing techniques and / or tolerances. Furthermore, any specific structural or functional descriptions disclosed herein are merely illustrative for the purpose of illustrating embodiments in accordance with the concepts of the present invention. Therefore, the embodiments disclosed herein should not be construed as being limited to the depicted shapes of elements, layers, or regions, but should encompass, for example, variations in shape resulting from manufacturing.

[0071] Spatially relative terms such as "beneath," "below," "lower," "lower side," "under," "above," "upper," "over," "higher," "upper side," "side" (e.g., "sidewall"), and the like may be used herein for ease of description to describe one element or feature in relation to another as depicted in the drawings. It will be understood that spatially relative terms are intended to encompass other orientations of the device in use or operation in addition to the orientation depicted in the drawings. For example, if the device in the drawings is turned over, an element described as being "below," "beneath," or "under" another element or feature would be positioned "above" the other element or feature. Thus, the example terms “below” or “under” can encompass both the above and below orientations. The device can be positioned in other orientations (e.g., rotated 90 degrees or in other directions) and the spatially relative descriptors used herein should be interpreted accordingly. Similarly, if a first part is described as being positioned “on” a second part, this can indicate that the first part is positioned above.

[0072] Additionally, the phrase "in plan view" means a top view of an object portion, and the phrase "in a schematic cross-section" means a side view of a schematic cross-section obtained by cutting vertically through an object portion. The terms "overlap" or "superimposed" mean that the first object can be above, below, or beside the second object, and vice versa. Furthermore, the term "overlap" can include stack, face, or facing, extending upward, covering, or partially covering, or other appropriate terms that a person of ordinary skill in the art would understand and recognize. The expression "non-overlap" can include meanings such as "apart from," "set apart," or "offset," and other appropriate equivalents that a person of ordinary skill in the art would understand and recognize. The terms "face" and "facing" can mean that the first object can directly or indirectly face the second object. If a third object intervenes between the first and second objects, the first and second objects can still be understood as facing each other, but indirectly opposing each other.

[0073] When an element, layer, region, or component is referred to as being "formed upon," "on," "connected to," or "(operably or communicatively) coupled to" another element, layer, region, or component, it will be understood that it may be directly formed upon, connected to, or coupled to the other element, layer, region, or component, or may be indirectly formed upon, connected to, or coupled to the other element, layer, region, or component so that one or more intervening elements, layers, regions, or components may be present. Furthermore, this can collectively mean direct or indirect couplings or connections, and integral or non-integral couplings or connections. For example, when a layer, region, or component is referred to as being "electrically connected to" or "electrically coupled to" another layer, region, or component, it can be directly electrically connected to or coupled to the other layer, region, and / or component, or there may be one or more intervening layers, regions, or components present. The one or more intervening components may include switches, resistors, capacitors, and / or the like. When describing embodiments, the term "connection" refers to an electrical connection unless explicitly described as a direct connection, and "directly connected / directly coupled" or "directly over" means that one component directly connects or couples to or is over another component without any intermediate components.

[0074] Also, in the present specification, when a part of a layer, film, region, plate, etc. is formed on another part, the direction of formation is not limited to upward, and includes forming the part laterally or downwardly. On the other hand, when a part of a layer, film, region, plate, etc. is formed "under" another part, this includes not only the case where the part is "directly under" the other part, but also the case where there is another part between the part and the other part. Meanwhile, other expressions that describe the relationship between components, such as "between," "directly between," or "adjacent" and "directly adjacent," may be interpreted similarly. It will be understood that when an element or layer is referred to as being "between" two elements or layers, it may be the only element or layer between the two elements or layers, or there may be one or more intervening elements or layers.

[0075] For the purposes of the present invention, when a list of elements is preceded by expressions such as "at least one" or "any one" or "one or more", they modify the list of elements as a whole and not any individual element of the list. For example, "at least one of X, Y, and Z", "at least one of X, Y, or Z", "at least one selected from the group consisting of X, Y, and Z", and "at least one selected from the group consisting of X, Y, or Z" can be interpreted as X alone, Y alone, Z alone, any combination of two or more of X, Y, and Z, for example, XYZ, XYY, YZ, and ZZ, or any variation thereof. Similarly, the expressions "at least one of A and B" and "at least one of A or B" can include A, B, or A and B. As used herein, "or" generally means "and / or," and the term "and / or" includes any combination of one or more associated listed items. For example, the expression "A and / or B" can include A, B, or A and B. Similarly, expressions such as "at least one," "a number," "one," and other prepositional phrases, when preceding a list of elements, modify the list as a whole and do not modify individual elements in the list. For example, "C to D" means "C or more and D or less," unless otherwise specified.

[0076] The terms "first," "second," "third," and the like may be used to describe various elements, components, regions, layers, and / or sections, but such elements, components, regions, layers, and / or sections should not be limited by these terms. These terms do not imply any particular order, position, or precedence, but are used only to distinguish one element, member, component, region, region, layer, section, or part from another element, member, component, region, region, layer, section, or part. Thus, a first element, component, region, layer, or section described below could be referred to as a second element, component, region, layer, or section without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Describing an element as a "first" element may not require or imply the presence of a second element or other elements. The terms "first," "second," and the like may also be used to distinguish different categories or sets of elements. For brevity, the terms "first", "second", etc. may refer to "first category (or first set)", "second category (or second set)", etc., respectively.

[0077] In the embodiments, the x-axis, y-axis, and / or z-axis are not limited to the three axes of a rectangular coordinate system, and may be interpreted in a broader sense. For example, the x-axis, y-axis, and z-axis may be perpendicular to each other, or may represent directions other than perpendicular to each other. The same may apply to the first, second, and / or third directions.

[0078] The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the present invention. As used herein, the singular forms "a" and "an" are intended to include the plural forms as well, and the plural forms are intended to include the singular forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.

[0079] It will also be better understood that the terms "comprises," "comprising," "has," "having," "includes," and "comprising" as used herein refer to the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and / or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and / or groups thereof.

[0080] If one or more embodiments can be implemented differently, the specific process sequence may be performed differently from the order described. For example, two processes described in succession may be performed substantially simultaneously or in the reverse order described.

[0081] The terms "substantially," "about," "approximately," and similar terms, as used herein, are used in approximate terms and not in degrees, and are intended to account for the inherent variation of a measured or calculated value that would be recognizable by one of ordinary skill in the art. For example, "substantially" can include a range of + / - 5% of that value. As used herein, "about" or "approximately" is inclusive of the stated value and means that it is within an acceptable range of variation for the particular value as determined by one of ordinary skill in the art, taking into account the measurement in question and the error associated with the measurement of the particular quantity (i.e., the limitations of the measurement system). For example, "about" can mean within one or more standard deviations, or within ± 30%, 20%, 10%, or 5% of the stated value. Furthermore, use of "may" when describing embodiments of the present invention can mean "one or more embodiments of the present invention."

[0082] In some embodiments, well-known structures and devices may be described in the accompanying drawings with reference to one or more functional blocks (e.g., block diagrams), units, and / or modules to avoid unnecessarily obscuring various embodiments. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that such blocks, units, and / or modules are physically implemented by logic circuits, discrete components, microprocessors, hard-wired circuits, memory elements, line connections, and other electronic circuits, which may be formed using semiconductor-based manufacturing techniques or other manufacturing techniques. Blocks, units, and / or modules implemented by microprocessors or other similar hardware may be programmed and controlled using software to perform the various functions discussed herein, and may optionally be driven by firmware and / or software. Furthermore, each block, unit, and / or module may be implemented by dedicated hardware or a combination of dedicated hardware that performs some functions and processors (e.g., one or more programmed microprocessors and associated circuits) that perform other functions. Additionally, in some embodiments, blocks, units, and / or modules may be physically separated into two or more interacting individual blocks, units, and / or modules without departing from the scope of the present invention. Additionally, in some embodiments, blocks, units, and / or modules may be physically combined into more complex blocks, units, and / or modules without departing from the scope of the present invention.

[0083] Unless otherwise defined, all terms (including technical and scientific terms) used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains. Terms defined in commonly used dictionaries should be interpreted as having a meaning consistent with their meaning in the relevant art and / or the context of this specification, and should not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense unless explicitly so defined herein.

[0084] Fig. 1 is a perspective view schematically illustrating a display device (1) according to one or more embodiments. Figs. 2a and 2b are perspective views illustrating the display device (1) of Fig. 1 in a state extended in a first direction. Fig. 2c is a perspective view illustrating the display device (1) of Fig. 1 in a state extended in a second direction. Fig. 2d is a perspective view illustrating the display device (1) of Fig. 1 in a state extended in the first and second directions. Fig. 2e is a perspective view illustrating the display device (1) of Fig. 1 in a state extended in a third direction.

[0085] Referring to FIG. 1, a display device (1) may include a display area (DA) and a non-display area (NDA). The display area (DA) may include a plurality of pixels. The display device (1) may provide a corresponding image using light emitted from the plurality of pixels. The non-display area (NDA) may be arranged outside the display area (DA). The non-display area (NDA) is an area where pixels are not arranged and may entirely surround the display area (DA) (e.g., on a plane).

[0086] The display device (1) can be extended or contracted in various directions. The display device (1) can be extended in a first direction (e.g., in the x direction and / or in the -x direction) by an external force applied by an external object or a user. In one or more embodiments, as illustrated in FIGS. 2A and 2B, the display area (DA) and / or the non-display area (NDA) of the display device (1) can be extended in the first direction (e.g., in the x direction and / or in the -x direction). For example, as illustrated in FIG. 2A, the display device (1) can be extended along the x direction and the -x direction, or as illustrated in FIG. 2B, one side of the display device (1) can be fixed and the display device (1) can be extended along the x direction.

[0087] The display device (1) can be stretched in a second direction (e.g., the y direction and / or the -y direction) by an external force applied by an external object or a user. In one or more embodiments, the display area (DA) and / or the non-display area (NDA) of the display device (1) can be stretched in the y direction and the -y direction, as illustrated in FIG. 2C. In one or more other embodiments, one side of the display device (1) can be fixed while being stretched in the y direction or the -y direction.

[0088] The display device (1) can be extended in a plurality of directions, for example, a first direction (e.g., the x direction and / or the -x direction) and a second direction (e.g., the y direction and / or the -y direction) by an external force applied by an external object or a part of a human body. As illustrated in Fig. 2d, the display area (DA) and / or the non-display area (NDA) of the display device (1) can be extended in the ±x direction and the ±y direction.

[0089] The display device (1) can be elongated in a third direction (e.g., the z direction or the -z direction) by an external force applied by an external object or a part of a human body. In one or more embodiments, FIG. 2e illustrates that a part of the display device (1), for example, a part of the display area (DA), protrudes in the z direction. In one or more other embodiments, a part of the display device (1), for example, a part of the display area (DA), can protrude along the -z direction (or recess along the z direction).

[0090] Although FIGS. 2A to 2E illustrate the display device (1) extending in the first, second, and / or third directions, one or more embodiments are not limited thereto. In one or more other embodiments, the display device (1) may be variously deformed into an irregular shape, such as being bent or twisted along two or more axes.

[0091] FIG. 3 is a schematic plan view of a display device (1) according to one or more embodiments.

[0092] A plurality of pixels may be arranged in a display area (DA) of a display device (1). Each pixel may include subpixels that emit light of different colors. A light-emitting element corresponding to each subpixel may be arranged in the display area (DA). A circuit for providing electrical signals to the light-emitting elements arranged in the display area (DA) and to transistors electrically connected to the light-emitting elements may be located in a non-display area (NDA) surrounding the display area (DA). A gate driving circuit (GDC) may be arranged in a first non-display area (NDA1) and a second non-display area (NDA2) respectively arranged on both sides of the display area (DA). The gate driving circuit (GDC) may include drivers for providing electrical signals to the gate electrodes of the transistors electrically connected to the light-emitting elements. Although FIG. 3 illustrates that the gate driving circuit (GDC) is arranged in each of the first non-display area (NDA1) and the second non-display area (NDA2), one or more embodiments are not limited thereto. In one or more other embodiments, the gate drive circuit (GDC) may be disposed in either the first non-display area (NDA1) or the second non-display area (NDA2).

[0093] The data drive circuit (DDC) may be disposed in a third non-display area (NDA3) and / or a fourth non-display area (NDA4) connecting the first non-display area (NDA1) and the second non-display area (NDA2). In one or more embodiments, FIG. 3 illustrates that the data drive circuit (DDC) is disposed in the fourth non-display area (NDA4). In one or more other embodiments, the data drive circuit (DDC) may be disposed in each of the third non-display area (NDA3) and the fourth non-display area (NDA4).

[0094] The circuit board (500) may be arranged at one end of the fourth non-display area (NDA4). The circuit board (500) may be arranged to overlap with a pad portion arranged at one end of the substrate (100), for example, at one end of the fourth non-display area (NDA4), and may be electrically connected to the aforementioned pad portion, or may be electrically connected to the aforementioned pad portion via a flexible circuit film. The circuit board (500) may include a main processor necessary for the operation of the display device (1) for expressing an image, and a touch detector for sensing a touch input.

[0095] Although FIG. 3 illustrates that the data drive circuit (DDC) is arranged in the fourth non-display area (NDA4) of the display device (1), one or more embodiments are not limited thereto. In one or more other embodiments, the data drive circuit (DDC) may be arranged on the circuit board (500) described above.

[0096] In some embodiments, when the display device (1) is three-dimensionally deformed as illustrated in FIGS. 2A to 2E, the elongation of the non-display area (NDA) may be equal to or less than the elongation of the display area (DA). In one embodiment, the elongation of the non-display area (NDA) may be different for each region. For example, the first non-display area (NDA1), the second non-display area (NDA2), and the third non-display area (NDA3) may have substantially the same elongation, but the elongation of the fourth non-display area (NDA4) may be less than the elongation of each of the first non-display area (NDA1), the second non-display area (NDA2), and the third non-display area (NDA3). The elongation of the display area (DA) may also be different for each local region of the display area (DA).

[0097] FIGS. 4A and 4B are plan views each showing a portion of a display area (DA) of a display device according to one or more embodiments.

[0098] Referring to FIGS. 4A and 4B, the display area (DA) may include first areas (11) and second areas (12) between the first areas (11). The first area (11) may include pixels that emit different light as a type of unit pixel.

[0099] In some embodiments, FIGS. 4A and 4B illustrate that the pixels have an arrangement of Diamond Pentile® in the display area (DA) (Diamond Pentile® and Pentile™ are registered trademarks of Samsung Display Co., Ltd. of the Republic of Korea), and each of the unit pixels includes one blue pixel (Pb), one red pixel (Pr), and two green pixels (Pg). The unit pixels may be the smallest repeating unit of pixels having a corresponding arrangement, and in other embodiments, the pixels may have various arrangements, such as being arranged in a stripe type, and each of the unit pixels may include one blue pixel (Pb), one red pixel (Pr), and one green pixel (Pg).

[0100] The first region (11) may have a rectangular shape as illustrated in Fig. 4a, or a polygonal shape on a plane, such as a hexagonal shape as illustrated in Fig. 4b. The second region (12) may be an area between the first regions (11) and may be an area through which a signal line (e.g., a scan line, a data line, etc.) or a voltage line that provides a signal passes.

[0101] FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view showing a part of a display area (DA) of a display device (1) according to one or more embodiments, corresponding to a cross-section along lines Va-Va' and Vb-Vb' of FIG. 4a, and FIG. 6 is an equivalent circuit diagram schematically showing a pixel circuit and a light-emitting diode of FIG. 5.

[0102] Referring to FIG. 5, the display device (1) may include a display layer (200), a protective layer (300), and a touch layer (400) on a substrate (100). The substrate (100) may include a stretchable material, for example, a stretchable polymer resin. In some embodiments, the substrate (100) may include an elastomer. The elastomer may include an organic elastomer, an inorganic elastomer, or a combination thereof. For example, the substrate (100) may include a silicone-based elastomer such as polydimethylsiloxane, a styrene-based elastomer, an olefin-based elastomer, polyurethane, or a mixture thereof. The substrate (100) may have a single-layer or multi-layer structure.

[0103] The display layer (200) may include a pixel circuit (PC) located in the first region (11) and a light-emitting element, such as a light-emitting diode (LED), electrically connected to the pixel circuit (PC). The pixel circuit (PC) may include a transistor. In one or more embodiments, as illustrated in FIG. 6, the pixel circuit (PC) may include a first transistor (T1), a second transistor (T2), and a storage capacitor (Cst). The pixel circuit (PC) may be electrically connected to a signal line and a voltage line. The signal line may include a scan line (SL1) and a data line (DL), and the voltage line may include a first voltage line (VDDL) and a second voltage line (VSSL).

[0104] The second transistor (T2) can be electrically connected to a scan line (SL1) and a data line (DL). The scan line (SL1) can provide a scan signal (GW1) to a gate electrode of the second transistor (T2). The second transistor (T2) can transmit a data signal (Dm) input from the data line (DL) to the first transistor (T1) according to the scan signal (GW1) input from the scan line (SL1).

[0105] The storage capacitor (Cst) is electrically connected to the second transistor (T2) and the first voltage line (VDDL), and can store a voltage corresponding to the difference between the voltage received from the second transistor (T2) and the first power voltage (VDD) supplied by the first voltage line (VDDL).

[0106] The first transistor (T1) is a driving transistor and can control a driving current flowing through a light-emitting diode (LED). The first transistor (T1) can be connected to a first voltage line (VDDL) and a storage capacitor (Cst). The first transistor (T1) can control a driving current flowing through the light-emitting diode (LED) from the first voltage line (VDDL) in response to a voltage value stored in the storage capacitor (Cst). The light-emitting diode (LED) can emit light having a corresponding brightness according to the driving current. A first electrode of the light-emitting diode (LED) can be electrically connected to the first transistor (T1), and a second electrode can be electrically connected to a second voltage line (VSSL) that supplies a second power voltage (VSS).

[0107] Referring again to FIG. 5, the display layer (200) may include at least one insulating layer (IL) disposed between components (semiconductor layers, electrodes, etc.) of the pixel circuit (PC) and / or disposed between the pixel circuit (PC) and a light emitting diode (LED).

[0108] A signal line (e.g., scan line, data line, etc.) and / or a voltage line (e.g., first voltage line, second voltage line, etc.) electrically connected to a transistor of a pixel circuit (PC) may be electrically connected to a pixel circuit (PC) located in another first region (11), and in this regard, FIG. 5 illustrates a conductive line (WL) located in a second region (12). The aforementioned conductive line (WL) may correspond to a signal line (e.g., scan line, data line, etc.) and / or a voltage line (e.g., first voltage line, second voltage line, etc.).

[0109] The protective layer (300) can be disposed on a light emitting diode (LED) and can protect the LED or planarize the LED. The protective layer (300) can include an inorganic protective layer and / or an organic protective layer. In some embodiments, the protective layer (300) can include a structure in which an inorganic protective layer including an inorganic insulating material, an organic protective layer including an organic insulating material, and an inorganic protective layer including an inorganic insulating material are laminated.

[0110] In one or more other embodiments, the protective layer (300) may comprise an organic material, such as a resin, and may be a single layer comprising the aforementioned organic material. In some embodiments, the protective layer (300) may comprise a urethane epoxy acrylate. The protective layer (300) may comprise a photosensitive material, such as a photoresist.

[0111] The touch layer (400) may be disposed on the protective layer (300) (here, “located on” may mean located above). The touch layer (400) may include touch electrodes and touch insulating layers disposed below and above the touch electrodes, respectively.

[0112] FIGS. 7A to 7D are cross-sectional views schematically illustrating a light emitting diode of a display device according to one or more embodiments.

[0113] Referring to FIG. 7A, the light emitting diode (LED) may include an inorganic light emitting diode including an inorganic material. The light emitting diode (LED) may include a first semiconductor layer (231), a second semiconductor layer (232), an intermediate layer (233) between the first semiconductor layer (231) and the second semiconductor layer (232), a first electrode (235) electrically connected to the first semiconductor layer (231), and a second electrode (238) electrically connected to the second semiconductor layer (232). The first electrode (235) and the second electrode (238) of the light emitting diode (LED) may be electrically connected to a first electrode pad (241) and a second electrode pad (242), respectively, which are disposed on the same layer as each other. The second electrode pad (242) may be a portion of the second voltage line (VSSL, FIG. 6) described above with reference to FIG. 6, or may be a conductive layer electrically connected to the second voltage line (VSSL, FIG. 6).

[0114] In some embodiments, the first semiconductor layer (231) may include a p-type semiconductor layer. The p-type semiconductor layer may be In x Al y Ga 1-x-y A semiconductor material having a composition formula of N (0≤x≤1, 0≤y≤1, 0≤x+y≤1) can be selected from among, for example, GaN, AlN, AlGaN, InGaN, InN, InAlGaN, AlInN, etc., and a p-type dopant such as Mg, Zn, Ca, Sr, Ba, etc. can be doped.

[0115] The second semiconductor layer (232) may include, for example, an n-type semiconductor layer. The n-type semiconductor layer may be In x Al y Ga 1-x-y A semiconductor material having a composition formula of N (0≤x≤1, 0≤y≤1, 0≤x+y≤1) can be selected from among, for example, GaN, AlN, AlGaN, InGaN, InN, InAlGaN, AlInN, etc., and an n-type dopant such as Si, Ge, or Sn can be doped.

[0116] The intermediate layer (233) is a region where electrons and holes recombine, and as electrons and holes recombine, they transition to a lower energy level and can generate light with a corresponding wavelength. The intermediate layer (233) is, for example, In x Al y Ga 1-x-y It can be formed by including a semiconductor material having a composition formula of N (0≤x≤1, 0≤y≤1, 0≤x+y≤1), and can be formed as a single quantum well structure or a multi-quantum well structure (MQW: Multi Quantum Well). In addition, it can also include a quantum wire structure or a quantum dot structure.

[0117] Although FIG. 7A illustrates that the first semiconductor layer (231) includes a p-type semiconductor layer and the second semiconductor layer (232) includes an n-type semiconductor layer, one or more embodiments are not limited thereto. In one or more other embodiments, the first semiconductor layer (231) may include an n-type semiconductor layer and the second semiconductor layer (232) may include a p-type semiconductor layer.

[0118] Although Fig. 7a illustrates that the first electrode pad (241) and the second electrode pad (242) are arranged on the same layer, one or more embodiments are not limited thereto. Referring to Fig. 7b, the first electrode pad (241) and the second electrode pad (242) may be arranged on different layers. For example, a bank layer (230) having an opening overlapping at least a portion of the first electrode pad (241) may be arranged on the first electrode pad (241), and the second electrode pad (242) may be arranged on the upper surface of the bank layer (230). The structure of the light emitting diode (LED) illustrated in Fig. 7b is the same as that described above with reference to Fig. 7a.

[0119] In one or more other embodiments, as illustrated in FIG. 7c, the second electrode pads (242) may be arranged on both sides of the first electrode pad (241) in the cross-sectional view. The bank layer (230) may include an opening that overlaps at least a portion of the first electrode pad (241), and the second electrode pads (242) may be arranged around the opening of the bank layer (230). In some embodiments, the second electrode pads (242) may have a closed loop shape that entirely surrounds the opening of the bank layer (230) and / or the first electrode pad (241) in a plan view. The structure of the light emitting diode (LED) illustrated in FIG. 7c is as described above with reference to FIG. 7a.

[0120] Although FIGS. 7A to 7C illustrate that the first electrode (235) and the second electrode (238) of the light emitting diode (LED) face the same direction (e.g., downward direction, -z direction), one or more embodiments are not limited thereto. As illustrated in FIG. 7D, the first electrode (235) and the second electrode (238) of the light emitting diode (LED) may face opposite directions.

[0121] The bank layer (230) includes an opening that exposes at least a portion of the first electrode pad (241), and the thickness of the bank layer (230) may be substantially the same as the thickness of the light emitting diode (LED). The opening of the bank layer (230) may be filled with a filling material (FM), and the second electrode pad (242) may be disposed on the upper surface of the bank layer (230) so as to be electrically connected to (e.g., in contact with) the second electrode (238) of the light emitting diode (LED). The filling material may be an organic material having insulating properties.

[0122] FIG. 8 is a plan view schematically showing a touch layer (400) of a display device (1) according to one or more embodiments, and FIG. 9 is an enlarged plan view of part VIII of FIG. 8.

[0123] Referring to FIG. 8, the touch layer (400) of the display device (1) may include touch electrodes of a mutual capacitance type. The touch electrodes may include first touch electrodes (410) arranged in the y direction and second touch electrodes (420) arranged in the x direction intersecting the y direction. The first touch electrodes (410) may be arranged so that their corners are adjacent to each other along the y direction, and the second touch electrodes (420) between these first touch electrodes (410) may be arranged so that their corners are adjacent to each other along the x direction.

[0124] The first touch electrodes (410) arranged along the y direction in the display area (DA) are electrically connected to each other, and the second touch electrodes (420) arranged along the x direction in the display area (DA) are also electrically connected to each other. For example, as illustrated in FIG. 9, the first touch electrodes (410) may be electrically connected to each other through the first connection electrode (411), and the second touch electrodes (420) may be electrically connected to each other through the second connection electrode (421).

[0125] Referring to FIG. 9, the display area (DA) may include a plurality of sub-areas (SA) arranged in a matrix manner along the x-direction and the y-direction, and each sub-area (SA) may be an area corresponding to portions of two adjacently arranged first touch electrodes (410) and portions of two adjacently arranged second touch electrodes (420). The arrangement of the first touch electrodes (410) and the second touch electrodes (420) may be substantially the same as the repetitive arrangement of the touch electrodes corresponding to the above-described sub-areas (SA).

[0126] In some embodiments, the aforementioned sub-area (SA) may be a virtual unit block having a corresponding area overlapping with portions of two adjacent first touch electrodes (410) and portions of two adjacent second touch electrodes (420), and may correspond to the minimum repeating unit of the arrangement pattern of the first and second touch electrodes (410, 420).

[0127] A row of first touch electrodes (410) extending in the y direction may be electrically connected to first trace lines (TL1) arranged in a non-display area (NDA). A row of second touch electrodes (420) extending in the x direction may be electrically connected to second trace lines (TL2) arranged in the non-display area (NDA). The first and second trace lines (TL1, TL2) may electrically connect the first touch electrodes (410) and the second touch electrodes (420) and a touch detector (touch detecting unit, touch detecting sector) 450. The touch detector (450) may be provided on a circuit board (500).

[0128] FIG. 10 is an enlarged plan view of a portion of a first touch electrode (410) and a second touch electrode (420) of a display device according to one or more embodiments.

[0129] Each of the first touch electrode (410) and the second touch electrode (420) according to one or more embodiments may include conductive lines in a mesh shape as illustrated in FIG. 10. The conductive lines in a mesh shape may surround each pixel at least partially (e.g., entirely or partially). In one or more embodiments, FIG. 10 illustrates a structure in which each of a blue pixel (Pb), a green pixel (Pg), and a red pixel (Pr) has a structure surrounded by conductive lines in a mesh shape. The blue pixel (Pb), the green pixel (Pg), and the red pixel (Pr) may be positioned in openings of the conductive lines in a plane.

[0130] In another embodiment, two adjacent openings among the mesh-shaped conductive lines may be spatially connected to each other, and the blue pixel (Pb), the green pixel (Pg), and / or the red pixel (Pr) may be partially surrounded by the mesh-shaped conductive lines.

[0131] Fig. 11 is a cross-sectional view taken along line XI-XI' of Fig. 8.

[0132] Referring to FIG. 11, the touch layer (400) may include a first conductive pattern layer (CML1) and a second conductive pattern layer (CML2) disposed on a protective layer (300). A first touch insulating layer (401) may be interposed between the protective layer (300) and the first conductive pattern layer (CML1), a second touch insulating layer (403) may be interposed between the first conductive pattern layer (CML1) and the second conductive pattern layer (CML2), and a third touch insulating layer (405) may be positioned on the second conductive pattern layer (CML2).

[0133] The first conductive pattern layer (CML1) and the second conductive pattern layer (CML2) may include a conductive material. For example, the first conductive pattern layer (CML1) and the second conductive pattern layer (CML2) may each include a metallic conductive material such as at least one selected from molybdenum (Mo), silver (Ag), titanium (Ti), copper (Cu), and aluminum (Al). In some embodiments, the first conductive pattern layer (CML1) and the second conductive pattern layer (CML2) may each include a conductive composite in which metal nanostructures and the like are dispersed in a polymer resin. The conductive composite may include an elastomer and may further include additives such as carbon nanotubes, carbon fibers, graphene, and graphene oxide to improve conductivity. In one or more other embodiments, the first conductive pattern layer (CML1) and the second conductive pattern layer (CML2) may each include a liquid metal material such as a eutectic gallium-indium alloy. The first conductive pattern layer (CML1) and the second conductive pattern layer (CML2) may each have a single-layer or multi-layer structure including the aforementioned conductive material.

[0134] The first touch insulating layer (401), the second touch insulating layer (403), and the third touch insulating layer (405) may each include an inorganic insulating material such as silicon oxide, silicon nitride, and / or silicon oxynitride, or may include an organic insulating material.

[0135] Some of the first touch electrodes (410), second touch electrodes (420), first connection electrodes (411), and second connection electrodes (421) described above with reference to FIG. 8 may be positioned on the first conductive pattern layer (CML1), and the remainder may be positioned on the second conductive pattern layer (CML2). For example, the first conductive pattern layer (CML1) may include the first connection electrode (411), and the second conductive pattern layer (CML2) may include the first touch electrodes (410), second touch electrodes (420), and second connection electrodes (421).

[0136] Referring to FIGS. 9 and 11, adjacent second touch electrodes (420) are electrically connected through second connection electrodes (421) located on the same layer. Adjacent first touch electrodes (410) are electrically connected through the first connection electrodes (411), and can be connected to the first connection electrodes (411) through contact holes (CNT) penetrating the second touch insulating layer (403).

[0137] FIG. 12a is a plan view schematically showing the arrangement of a strain sensor (SS) included in a display device (1) according to one or more embodiments, FIG. 12b is a plan view showing a part of one strain sensor (SS) of FIG. 12a, and FIG. 12c and FIG. 12d are plan views each enlarging part XII of FIG. 12c.

[0138] Referring to FIG. 12a, the display device (1) may include a plurality of sub-areas (SA) arranged in a display area (DA), and a strain sensor (SS) may be arranged in each sub-area (SA).

[0139] As illustrated in FIG. 12b, the strain sensor (SS) may include a conductive line (CL) having a serpentine shape. The conductive line (CL) may include a conductive composite in which a conductive material, such as a metallic material, a metal nanostructure, etc., is dispersed in a polymer resin, or a liquid metal material. The conductive composite may include an elastomer and may further include additives such as carbon nanotubes, carbon fibers, graphene, and graphene oxide to improve conductivity. The liquid metal material may include a material such as a eutectic gallium-indium alloy.

[0140] The conductive line (CL) is arranged in the display area (DA) as illustrated in FIGS. 12c and 12d, and may have a mesh shape. The conductive line (CL) may have a mesh shape that completely or partially surrounds at least one pixel (e.g., blue pixel Pb, green pixel Pg, and / or red pixel Pr) on a plane. In one or more embodiments, the conductive line (CL) may have a mesh shape that completely or partially surrounds each pixel (e.g., blue pixel Pb, green pixel Pg, or red pixel Pr) as illustrated in FIG. 12c, or may have a mesh shape that completely or partially surrounds a first area (11) corresponding to a unit pixel as illustrated in FIG. 12d. When it is said that the conductive line (CL) completely or partially surrounds the first region (11) corresponding to the unit pixel, it can mean that the conductive line (CL) completely or partially surrounds a plurality of pixels (e.g., blue pixel Pb, green pixel Pg, and red pixel Pr).

[0141] The strain sensors (SS) can sense the elongation of each sub-area (SA) when the display device is deformed, for example, when the display area (DA) is elongated. In some embodiments, the strain sensors (SS) can change their own resistance when each sub-area (SA) is elongated, and the display device can obtain information about the elongation of each sub-area (SA) by using the change in the resistance of the strain sensors (SS).

[0142] Figures 13a to 13c are cross-sectional views schematically showing a part of a display device (1) including a strain sensor, respectively.

[0143] The strain sensors (SS) illustrated in FIGS. 12a and 12b may be disposed on the same layer. The layer (SSL, hereinafter referred to as the sensor layer) on which the strain sensors (SS) are disposed may be disposed between the protective layer (300) and the touch layer (400), as illustrated in FIG. 13a. In one or more other embodiments, the strain sensors (SS) may be disposed on the same layer as the first connection electrode (411) of the first conductive pattern layer (CML1), as illustrated in FIG. 13b. In other words, the first conductive pattern layer (CML1) may be the sensor layer (SSL). In one or more other embodiments, the sensor layer (SSL) may be disposed on (e.g., below) the substrate (100), for example, on the back surface of the substrate (100), as illustrated in FIG. 13c.

[0144] FIG. 14 shows a display device (1) according to one or more embodiments mainly showing a touch electrode, FIG. 15 is a perspective view showing a three-dimensional deformation state of a display device (1) according to one or more embodiments, FIG. 16 is a flow chart showing the operation of a touch detection unit according to one or more embodiments, FIG. 17a is a graph for visually explaining reference data for each sub-area, and FIG. 17b is a graph for visually explaining a touch input sensing method of a touch detection unit.

[0145] Referring to FIG. 14, a signal supplier (signal supply unit) 430 of a display device (1) can output a touch driving signal to a touch electrode (e.g., a first touch electrode (410)) through the first trace line (TL1) illustrated in FIG. 8. The touch driving signal can include a plurality of pulses.

[0146] The signal supplier (signal supply unit) 440 can detect the voltage charged in the mutual capacitance (Cm) through the second trace line (TL2) electrically connected to the second touch electrodes (420). The mutual capacitance formed between the first touch electrode (410) and the second touch electrode (420) before the touch input can be expressed as "Cm", and the first parasitic capacitance (C b,Tx ) can be formed between the first touch electrode (410) and the lower conductive layer having the corresponding voltage located below the first touch electrode (410), and the second parasitic capacitance (C b_Rx ) may be formed between the second touch electrode (420) and a lower conductive layer having a corresponding voltage positioned below the second touch electrode (420). In one or more embodiments, the above-described lower conductive layer may be the second electrode pad (242) described with reference to FIGS. 7a to 7d above, and the second electrode pad (242) may have a voltage level of the second power supply voltage (VSS) as described with reference to FIG. 6 above. In one or more other embodiments, the above-described lower conductive layer may be the strain sensor (SS) described with reference to FIGS. 12a to 12d, 13a, and 13b. In FIG. 14, R Tx represents the resistance of the first touch electrode (410) and R Rx represents the resistance of the second touch electrode (420).

[0147] When a touch input of a body, such as a finger, is made to the display device (1), in addition to the mutual capacitance (Cm) between the first touch electrode (410) and the second touch electrode (420), an electrostatic capacitance may be formed between the body and the first touch electrode (410) and / or the body and the second touch electrode (420). When a touch input is made, the mutual capacitance formed between the first touch electrode (410) and the second touch electrode (420) may be reduced to "Cm-△Cm" compared to when a touch input is not made.

[0148] The touch detection unit (450) can control the operation of the signal supply unit (430), receive a signal about mutual capacitance from the signal receiving unit (440), and receive a signal about the tensile strength of each sub-area measured by the strain sensor (SS).

[0149] In some embodiments, the display device (1) can be freely three-dimensionally deformed as illustrated in FIGS. 2A to 2D and FIG. 15, and can provide a three-dimensional image plane through the display area (DA). In one or more embodiments, being freely three-dimensionally deformed is distinguished from an operation of a rollable display device, such as when only a portion of the display area of ​​a rolled-up display device is visible to the user, and then another portion of the rolled-up display device is unfolded to reveal the entire display area to the user (or when the entire display area is visible to the user through the unfolded display device, and then the display device is rolled-up to reveal only a portion of the display area to the user), and can exhibit a deformation such as when the area of ​​the entire display area (DA) increases or decreases as the display device (1) is deformed in the x-direction, y-direction, and / or z-direction.

[0150] As a comparative example, in the case of a display device providing a flat image surface, when a touch input is applied to the display device, the touch input can be sensed through a change in mutual capacitance between the first and second touch electrodes, but as illustrated in FIG. 15, a display device (1) according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure capable of providing a three-dimensional image surface can sense a touch input by having a touch detection unit (450) receive signals from the signal receiving unit (440) and the strain sensor (SS) described above with reference to FIG. 14, respectively.

[0151] Referring to FIG. 16, the touch sensing unit (450, FIG. 14) sets reference data (S10). In one or more embodiments, the touch sensing unit (450) may set reference data based on a data setting command. The touch sensing unit (450) may receive the elongation in each sub-area (SA) and the capacitance of the touch electrodes corresponding to each sub-area (SA) according to the three-dimensional deformation of the display device (1) to set the reference data. When the display device (1) is three-dimensionally deformed, the touch sensing unit (450) may collect the elongation and the capacitance of the touch electrodes for each sub-area (SA). The touch sensing unit (450) may receive signals regarding the elongation and capacitance of each sub-area (SA) several to several tens of times, and may set the reference data based on the received signals.

[0152] In some embodiments, the touch sensing unit (450) can set the relationship regarding the elongation (E) and the capacitance (C) of the touch electrodes corresponding to each sub-area (SA) as reference data, as illustrated in FIG. 17A. By receiving signals regarding the elongation and capacitance of each sub-area (SA) according to the three-dimensional deformation of the display device (1) occurring during a corresponding period (e.g., a reference data setting period) several to several tens of times, a reference range as illustrated in FIG. 17A can be set. Each graph illustrated in FIG. 17A can represent reference data for each sub-area (SA).

[0153] Referring back to FIG. 16, after the reference data setting period, the user can use the display device (1) while three-dimensionally transforming the display device (1) as illustrated in FIG. 15, and can also perform touch input using a body part such as a finger. The display device (1) can receive a signal regarding the elongation (hereinafter referred to as the measured elongation) of each sub-area (SA) according to the three-dimensional transformation of the display device (1), that is, the three-dimensional transformation of the display area (DA) (step S12), and the display device (1) can receive a signal regarding the capacitance (hereinafter referred to as the measured capacitance) of each of the touch electrodes of each sub-area (SA) according to the three-dimensional transformation of the display device (1), that is, the three-dimensional transformation of the display area (DA) (step S14).

[0154] The touch detection unit (450) can sense a touch input by comparing the measured elongation and the measured capacitance with reference data (step S16). For example, as illustrated in FIG. 17b, if the measured elongation and the measured capacitance of any one of the sub-areas (SA) deviate from the reference data (e.g., a reference range on the graph), the touch detection unit (450) can sense that a touch input has occurred at a location corresponding to the corresponding sub-area (SA).

[0155] According to the embodiment described above with reference to FIGS. 8 to 11, the touch electrodes of the touch layer (400) include first touch electrodes (410) arranged along the y direction and electrically connected to each other, and second touch electrodes (420) arranged along the x direction and electrically connected to each other, and the touch layer (400) includes a first conductive pattern layer (CML1) and a second conductive layer (CL20), but one or more embodiments are not limited thereto, and the touch electrodes may include various structures as illustrated in FIGS. 18a, 18b, and 19 described below.

[0156] FIG. 18a and FIG. 18b are schematic plan views of a touch layer (400) of a display device (1) according to one or more embodiments, respectively, and FIG. 19 is a cross-sectional view showing a part of the touch layer (400) illustrated in FIG. 18a and FIG. 18b.

[0157] Referring to FIG. 18A, the touch electrodes may include a row of first touch electrodes (410) and a row of second touch electrodes (420) arranged in the display area (DA). In one or more embodiments, the row of first touch electrodes (410) arranged in the y-direction and the row of second touch electrodes (420) arranged in the y-direction may be alternately arranged along the x-direction. The first touch electrodes (410) arranged in the y-direction may be electrically insulated from each other, and the second touch electrodes (420) arranged in the y-direction may be electrically insulated from each other. Each of the first touch electrodes (410) may be electrically connected to a first trace line (TL1), and each of the second touch electrodes (420) may be electrically connected to a second trace line (TL2). The first trace line (TL1) and the second trace line (TL2) can pass through the display area (DA).

[0158] The first touch electrodes (410), the first trace lines (TL1), the second touch electrodes (420), and the second trace line (TL2) may be formed on the same layer. For example, as illustrated in FIG. 19, the touch layer (400) may include a conductive pattern layer (CML) interposed between the first touch insulating layer (401) and the second touch insulating layer (403), and the conductive pattern layer (CML) may include the first touch electrodes (410), the second touch electrodes (420), and the first trace line (TL1) and the second trace line (TL2).

[0159] The first touch electrodes (410), the first trace lines (TL1), the second touch electrodes (420), and the second trace lines (TL2) may each include a mesh-shaped conductive line as illustrated in FIG. 10. The mesh-shaped conductive line may at least partially surround each pixel and may include a conductive composite in which a conductive material (e.g., a metallic material), a metal nanostructure, etc. are dispersed in a polymer resin, or a liquid metal material. The conductive composite may include an elastomer and may further include additives such as carbon nanotubes, carbon fibers, graphene, and graphene oxide to improve conductivity. The liquid metal material may include a material such as a eutectic gallium-indium alloy.

[0160] Although Fig. 18a illustrates that the first touch electrodes (410) and the second touch electrodes (420) correspond 1:1, one or more embodiments are not limited thereto. As one or more other embodiments, as illustrated in Fig. 18b, one second touch electrode (420) may be arranged to correspond to a plurality of first touch electrodes (410). For example, one second touch electrode (420) may extend in the y-direction to correspond to a row of first touch electrodes (410) arranged in the y-direction.

[0161] When the display device (1) has an arrangement of touch electrodes as illustrated in FIG. 18a, in one or more embodiments, the sub-area (SA) may correspond to an area including one first touch electrode (410) and one second touch electrode (420) arranged adjacent to each other. When the display device (1) has an arrangement of touch electrodes as illustrated in FIG. 18b, in one or more embodiments, the sub-area (SA) may correspond to an area including a portion of one first touch electrode (410) and one second touch electrode (420) arranged adjacent to each other.

[0162] A strain sensor (SS) may be placed in an area corresponding to each sub-area (SA) illustrated in FIGS. 18a and 18b, as described above with reference to FIGS. 12a to 12d, and a touch detection unit (450, FIG. 14) may sense a touch input through steps as described with reference to FIGS. 14, 16, 17a, and 17b.

[0163] The strain sensor (SS) may be placed in the display area (DA, FIGS. 12a to 12d) as shown in FIGS. 12a to 12d, but may also be placed in the non-display area (NDA) of the display device as shown in FIGS. 20a and 20b, which will be described later.

[0164] FIG. 20a and FIG. 20b are schematic plan views of touch electrodes and a sensor portion (SSP) of a display device (1) according to one or more embodiments, respectively, and FIG. 21 shows a display device (1) according to one or more embodiments, centered on the touch electrodes and the strain sensor.

[0165] Referring to FIG. 20a, the display device (1) may include a row of first touch electrodes (410) and a row of second touch electrodes (420) alternately arranged in the display area (DA). The first touch electrodes (410) may be electrically insulated, and the second touch electrodes (420) may also be electrically insulated.

[0166] Each of the first touch electrodes (410) may be electrically connected to a first-first trace line (TL1a) and a first-second trace line (TL1b), and each of the second touch electrodes (420) may be electrically connected to a second trace line (TL2). The first-first trace line (TL1a), the first-second trace line (TL1b), and the second trace line (TL2) may pass through the display area (DA).

[0167] The first touch electrodes (410), the 1-1 trace lines (TL1a), the 1-2 trace lines (TL1b), the second touch electrodes (420), and the second trace lines (TL2) may be formed on the same layer. For example, as described with reference to FIG. 19, the touch layer (400) may include a conductive pattern layer (CML) interposed between the first touch insulating layer (401) and the second touch insulating layer (403), and the conductive pattern layer (CML) may include the first touch electrodes (410), the 1-1 trace lines (TL1a), the 1-2 trace lines (TL1b), the second touch electrodes (420), and the second trace lines (TL2).

[0168] The first touch electrodes (410), the first-first trace lines (TL1a), the first-second trace lines (TL1b), the second touch electrodes (420), and the second trace line (TL2) may include mesh-shaped conductive lines as described above with reference to FIG. 10. The mesh-shaped conductive lines may at least partially surround each pixel and may include a conductive composite in which a conductive material (e.g., a metallic material), a metal nanostructure, etc. are dispersed in a polymer resin, or a liquid metal material. The conductive composite may include an elastomer and may further include additives such as carbon nanotubes, carbon fibers, graphene, and graphene oxide to improve conductivity. The liquid metal material may include a material such as a eutectic gallium-indium alloy.

[0169] Although FIG. 20a illustrates that the first touch electrodes (410) and the second touch electrodes (420) correspond 1:1, one or more embodiments are not limited thereto. In one or more other embodiments, as illustrated in FIG. 20b, one second touch electrode (420) may be arranged to correspond to a plurality of first touch electrodes (410). For example, one second touch electrode (420) may extend in the y-direction to correspond to a row of first touch electrodes (410) arranged in the y-direction.

[0170] Referring to FIGS. 20A and 20B, the first touch electrodes (410) may be electrically connected to a sensor unit (SSP) disposed in a non-display area (NDA). The sensor unit (SSP) may include strain sensors (SS', FIG. 21), and each strain sensor (SS') may include a Wheatstone bridge as illustrated in FIG. 21, wherein the Wheatstone bridge may include the first touch electrode (410). In FIG. 21, R Tx represents the resistance of the first touch electrode (410).

[0171] Referring to FIGS. 20a, 20b, and 21, the strain sensor (SS') can measure the elongation in the sub-area (SA) corresponding to the first touch electrode (410) through the structure of the Wheatstone bridge including the first touch electrode (410).

[0172] Among the first touch electrodes (410) arranged along one direction (e.g., y direction), each of the resistors (R1, R2, R3) of the Wheatstone bridge electrically connected to the first touch electrode (410, e.g., 410A of FIGS. 20A and 20B) relatively close to the sensor unit (SSP) may have a resistance value smaller than each of the resistors (R1, R2, R3) of the Wheatstone bridge electrically connected to the first touch electrode (410, 410B of FIG. 20A) relatively far from the strain sensor (SS').

[0173] The signal supply unit (430, Fig. 21) of the display device (1) can output a touch driving signal to the first touch electrodes (410) through the first-first trace line (TL1a) and / or the first-second trace line (TL1b). The touch driving signal can include a plurality of pulses.

[0174] The signal receiving unit (440) can detect the voltage charged in the mutual capacitance (Cm) through the second touch electrodes (420) or the second trace line (TL2) electrically connected to the second touch electrodes. The mutual capacitance formed between the first touch electrode (410) and the second touch electrode (420) before the touch input can be expressed as "Cm" and the first parasitic capacitance (C b,Tx ) can be formed between the first touch electrode (410) and the lower conductive layer having the corresponding voltage located below the first touch electrode (410), and the second parasitic capacitance (C b_Rx ) may be formed between the second touch electrode (420) and a lower conductive layer having a corresponding voltage positioned below the second touch electrode (420). In one or more embodiments, the above-described lower conductive layer may be the second electrode pad (242) described with reference to FIGS. 7a to 7d above, and the second electrode pad (242) may have a voltage level of the second power supply voltage (VSS, FIG. 6). In FIG. 14, R Tx represents the resistance of the first touch electrode (410) and R Rx represents the resistance of the second touch electrode (420).

[0175] When a touch input of a body, such as a finger, is made to the display device (1), in addition to the mutual capacitance (Cm) between the first touch electrode (410) and the second touch electrode (420), an electrostatic capacitance may be formed between the body and the first touch electrode (410) and / or the body and the second touch electrode (420). When a touch input is made, the mutual capacitance formed between the first touch electrode (410) and the second touch electrode (420) may be reduced to "Cm-△Cm" compared to when a touch input is not made.

[0176] The touch sensing unit (450) can control the operation of the signal supply unit (430), and can receive a signal regarding mutual capacitance from the signal receiving unit (440) and a signal regarding the tensile strength of each sub-region measured by the strain sensor (SS'). The touch input sensing of the touch sensing unit (450) is as described above with reference to FIGS. 16, 17a, and 17b.

[0177] FIG. 22 is a plan view schematically showing touch electrodes (415) and a sensor portion (SSP) of a display device (1) according to one or more embodiments, and FIG. 23 shows a display device (1) according to one or more embodiments centered on the touch electrodes and the strain sensor.

[0178] Referring to FIG. 22, the display device (1) may include touch electrodes (415) arranged two-dimensionally along rows and columns in a display area (DA). Each of the touch electrodes (415) may be electrically connected to two trace lines, for example, first and second trace lines (TLa, TLb). The first and second trace lines (TLa, TLb) may pass through the display area (DA).

[0179] The touch electrodes (415), the first trace lines (TLa), and the second trace lines (TLb) may be formed on the same layer. For example, as described with reference to FIG. 19, the touch layer (400) may include a conductive pattern layer (CML) interposed between the first touch insulating layer (401) and the second touch insulating layer (403), and the conductive pattern layer (CML) may include the touch electrodes (415), the first trace lines (TLa), and the second trace lines (TLb).

[0180] The touch electrodes (415), the first trace lines (TLa), and the second trace lines (TLb) may include mesh-shaped conductive lines as described above with reference to FIG. 10. The mesh-shaped conductive lines may at least partially surround each pixel and may include a conductive composite in which a conductive material, such as a metallic material, a metal nanostructure, etc., is dispersed in a polymer resin, or a liquid metal material. The conductive composite may include an elastomer and may further include additives such as carbon nanotubes, carbon fibers, graphene, and graphene oxide to improve conductivity. The liquid metal material may include a material such as a eutectic gallium-indium alloy.

[0181] Referring to FIG. 22, touch electrodes (415) can be electrically connected to a sensor unit (SSP) arranged in a non-display area (NDA). The sensor unit (SSP) can include strain sensors (SS", FIG. 23), and each strain sensor (SS") can include a Wheatstone bridge as illustrated in FIG. 23, and the Wheatstone bridge can include a touch electrode (415).

[0182] Referring to FIGS. 22 and 23, the strain sensor (SS") can measure the elongation in the sub-area (SA) where the corresponding touch electrode (415) is located through the structure of a Wheatstone bridge having the touch electrode (415) as a part.

[0183] Among the first touch electrodes (410) arranged along one direction (e.g., y direction), each of the resistors (R1, R2, R3) of the Wheatstone bridge electrically connected to the touch electrode (415, e.g., 415A of FIG. 22) relatively close to the sensor unit (SSP) may have a resistance value smaller than each of the resistors (R1, R2, R3) of the Wheatstone bridge electrically connected to the touch electrode (415, 415B of FIG. 22) relatively far from the sensor unit (SSP).

[0184] The display device (1) illustrated in Fig. 22 can use a self-capacitance type touch sensing method.

[0185] Before touch input, there is a capacitance (C) between the touch electrode (415) and the lower conductive layer underneath. b ) can be formed. When a touch input of a body such as a finger is made to the display device (1), the capacitance (C) between the touch electrode (415) and the lower conductive layer b ) In addition, there is a capacitance (C) between the body and the touch electrode (415). finger ) can be formed. When a touch input is made, the capacitance can increase compared to when a touch input is not made. The signal receiving unit (440) is "C b +C finger "The corresponding signal can be converted into a digital signal and provided to the touch detection unit (450).

[0186] The touch detection unit (450) can receive a signal about capacitance from the signal receiving unit (440) and a signal about the tension of each sub-region measured by the strain sensor (SS"). The touch input sensing of the touch detection unit (450) is as described above with reference to FIGS. 16, 17a, and 17b.

[0187] According to the embodiments described with reference to FIGS. 2A to 2E and FIG. 15, the display device (1) is described as being capable of freely transforming three-dimensionally to provide a three-dimensionally deformable image surface, but one or more embodiments are not limited thereto. As illustrated in FIGS. 24 and 25, the display device is disposed in a portion of an electronic product (or electronic device, electronic apparatus) capable of providing an image, and can be fixed to the electronic device in a three-dimensionally deformed state.

[0188] FIG. 24 and FIG. 25 are perspective views each showing an electronic device to which a display device according to one or more embodiments is applied.

[0189] Fig. 24 illustrates one or more embodiments in which a display device is applied to a robot (3). The robot (3) can recognize movement or objects using a camera unit (3440) and display corresponding images to a user through a display unit (3420, 3430). As described above, the display device according to one or more embodiments can be three-dimensionally deformed and thus can be assembled into a body frame having a hemispherical shape, and thus the robot (3) can include a hemispherical display unit (3420, 3430). The display unit (3420, 3430) can sense a user's touch input.

[0190] FIG. 25 illustrates one or more embodiments of a display device applied to a vehicle display device (4). The vehicle display device (4) may include a cluster (3510), a center information display (CID) (3520), and / or a passenger display. Since the display device according to one or more embodiments can be three-dimensionally deformed, it may be used in the cluster (3510), the center information display (CID) (3520), and / or the co-driver display regardless of the shape of the internal frame of the vehicle. The cluster (3510), the center information display (CID) (3520), and / or the co-driver display may sense a touch input of a user (e.g., a driver).

[0191] Although FIG. 25 illustrates the cluster (3510), the Center Information Display (CID) (3520), and / or the co-driver display as separate entities, one or more embodiments are not limited thereto. In one or more other embodiments, two or more selected entities from the cluster (3510), the Center Information Display (CID) (3520), and the co-driver display may be integrally connected.

[0192] In some embodiments, the vehicle display device (4) may include a button (3540) capable of displaying a corresponding image. The hemispherical button (3540) may sense a touch input from a user (e.g., a driver) in the z direction or -z direction.

[0193] When the image surface of the display device is fixed in a three-dimensionally deformed state as described with reference to FIGS. 24 and 25, the touch input sensing of the touch detection unit can be performed according to the method described below. In this case, the display device may not include a strain sensor, and may include other components, such as a substrate, a display layer, a protective layer, and a touch layer. The substrate, the display layer, and the protective layer are as described above with reference to FIGS. 3 to 7d.

[0194] FIGS. 26A to 26C are plan views each showing touch electrodes of a display device (1) according to one or more embodiments. As described with reference to FIGS. 24 and 25, when the image surface of the display device is fixed in a three-dimensionally deformed state, the display device (1) can sense a touch input using a mutual capacitance method or a self-capacitance method. In one or more embodiments, the touch layer of the display device (1) may include first and second touch electrodes (410, 420) of the mutual capacitance method as illustrated in FIG. 26A. In one or more other embodiments, the touch layer may include first and second touch electrodes (410, 420) of the mutual capacitance method as illustrated in FIG. 26B. In one or more other embodiments, the touch layer may include touch electrodes (415) of the self-capacitance method as illustrated in FIG. 26C.

[0195] Fig. 27 is a flow chart showing the operation of a touch sensing unit according to one or more embodiments, Fig. 28a is a graph for visually explaining reference data for each sub-area, and Fig. 28b is a graph for visually explaining a touch input sensing method of the touch sensing unit.

[0196] Referring to FIG. 27, the touch sensing unit (450, FIG. 3) sets reference data (S20). In one or more embodiments, the touch sensing unit (450) may set reference data based on a data setting command. The touch sensing unit (450) may set reference data by receiving the elongation in each sub-area (SA) of the three-dimensionally deformed display device (1, FIG. 3) and the capacitance of the touch electrodes corresponding to each sub-area (SA).

[0197] The capacitances received by the touch sensing unit (450) during a corresponding period (e.g., a reference data setting period) may be different for each sub-area (SA) due to the shape of the display area (DA) of the three-dimensionally deformed display device (1). Since the degree of elongation or contraction is different for each sub-area (SA), the three-dimensional distance between the touch electrodes is different, and thus the capacitances for each sub-area (SA) may be different. For example, the capacitances of the touch electrodes corresponding to the first sub-area (SA#1), the capacitances of the touch electrodes corresponding to the second sub-area (SA#2), and the capacitances of the touch electrodes corresponding to the nth sub-area (SA#n) may be different from each other. FIG. 28a may correspond to reference data for each sub-area (SA) set based on the capacitances collected during a corresponding period (e.g., a reference data setting period).

[0198] Referring again to FIG. 27, after the reference data setting period, the user can input touch input using a body part such as a finger on the display device (1). The display device (1) can receive a signal regarding each capacitance of the touch electrodes (hereinafter referred to as measured capacitance) (step S22).

[0199] The touch sensing unit (450) can sense a touch input by comparing the measured capacitance with reference data (step S24). For example, if the measured capacitance at the touch electrodes corresponding to one of the sub-areas (SA) as illustrated in FIG. 28b, for example, the nth sub-area (SA#n), deviates from the reference data, for example, the reference range on the graph, the touch sensing unit (450) can sense that a touch input has occurred at a location corresponding to the corresponding sub-area, for example, the nth sub-area (SA#n).

[0200] The embodiments described herein should be considered illustrative only and not limiting. The description of aspects of each embodiment should generally be considered applicable to other similar features or aspects in other embodiments. While one or more embodiments have been described with reference to the drawings, those skilled in the art will recognize that various changes in form and detail may be made without departing from the spirit and scope defined by the claims, and that functional equivalents thereof may be included herein.

Claims

1. Substrate; Light-emitting elements arranged on the substrate and defining a display area capable of providing a three-dimensional image plane; A touch layer disposed on the above light-emitting elements and including touch electrodes; Strain sensors in the above display area; and A display device, comprising a touch sensing unit electrically connected to the touch layer and the strain sensors and sensing a touch input based on the relationship between the elongation and capacitance of the display area.

2. In paragraph 1, The above display area includes sub-areas, A display device in which the strain sensors are respectively arranged in the sub-areas.

3. In paragraph 2, A display device in which the touch sensing unit senses the touch input by comparing the measured elongation of the sub-regions and the measured capacitance of the touch electrodes corresponding to the sub-regions with reference data.

4. In paragraph 3, The above touch sensing part, A display device that generates the reference data by setting the relationship between the elongation of the sub-regions according to the three-dimensional deformation of the display area and the capacitance of the touch electrodes corresponding to the sub-regions.

5. In paragraph 3, A display device, wherein the touch electrodes include first touch electrodes arranged along a first direction and electrically connected to each other, and second touch electrodes arranged along a second direction intersecting the first direction and electrically connected to each other.

6. In paragraph 5, A display device, wherein each of the above sub-regions corresponds to a portion of two adjacent first touch electrodes among the first touch electrodes and a portion of two adjacent second touch electrodes among the second touch electrodes.

7. In paragraph 3, A display device, wherein the touch electrodes include a row of first touch electrodes arranged along a first direction and a row of second touch electrodes arranged adjacent to the row of first touch electrodes along a second direction.

8. In paragraph 3, A display device, wherein the touch electrodes include a row of first touch electrodes arranged along a first direction and a second touch electrode arranged adjacent to the row of first touch electrodes along a second direction and extending along the first direction.

9. In paragraph 1, The above strain sensors are display devices including serpentine-shaped conductive wires.

10. In paragraph 1, The above display area includes pixels corresponding to the light-emitting elements, A display device in which the serpentine-shaped conductive line has a mesh shape surrounding at least one pixel on a plane.

11. In paragraph 1, Further comprising a protective layer disposed on the above light emitting elements, A display device wherein the strain sensors are disposed between the protective layer and the touch layer.

12. Substrate; Light-emitting elements arranged on the substrate and defining a display area capable of providing a three-dimensional image plane; A touch layer disposed on the above light-emitting elements and including touch electrodes; Strain sensors placed in a non-display area outside the display area; and A display device, comprising a touch sensing unit electrically connected to the touch layer and the strain sensors and sensing a touch input based on the relationship between the elongation and capacitance of the display area.

13. In paragraph 12, The above touch electrodes include an alternating arrangement of a row of first touch electrodes arranged along a first direction and at least one second touch electrode arranged adjacent to the row of first touch electrodes along a second direction, A display device, wherein the strain sensors include a Wheatstone bridge including a corresponding first touch electrode among the first touch electrodes.

14. In paragraph 13, A display device further comprising trace lines connecting the strain sensors and the first touch electrodes and passing through the display area.

15. In paragraph 13, The above display area includes sub-areas, The above first touch electrodes are respectively arranged in the sub-areas, A display device in which the touch sensing unit senses the touch input by comparing the measured elongation of the sub-regions and the measured capacitance of the touch electrodes corresponding to the sub-regions with reference data.

16. In paragraph 15, The above touch sensing part, A display device that generates the reference data by setting the relationship between the elongation of the sub-regions according to the three-dimensional deformation of the display area and the capacitance of the touch electrodes corresponding to the sub-regions.

17. In paragraph 12, The above touch electrodes are arranged along the first direction and the second direction, A display device, wherein each of the above strain sensors includes a Wheatstone bridge including a corresponding one of the touch electrodes.

18. In paragraph 17, A display device further comprising trace lines connecting the strain sensors and the touch electrodes and passing through the display area.

19. In paragraph 17, The above display area includes sub-areas, Each of the above touch electrodes is arranged in each of the above sub-areas, A display device in which the touch sensing unit senses the touch input by comparing the measured elongation of the sub-regions and the measured capacitance of the touch electrodes corresponding to the sub-regions with reference data.

20. In paragraph 19, The above touch sensing part, A display device that generates the reference data by setting the relationship between the elongation of the sub-regions according to the three-dimensional deformation of the display area and the capacitance of the touch electrodes corresponding to the sub-regions.

21. Substrate; Light-emitting elements arranged on the substrate, providing a three-dimensional image plane and defining a display area including sub-areas; A touch layer disposed on the above light-emitting elements and including touch electrodes; and A display device, comprising a touch sensing unit that is electrically connected to the touch layer and senses a touch input by comparing the capacitance of one of the touch electrodes corresponding to the sub-regions with reference data.

22. In paragraph 21, A display device in which the above touch sensing unit senses touch input using a mutual capacitance method or a self-capacitance method.

23. An electronic device comprising a display device according to any one of claims 1 to 22.

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