Compact sawing machine and method for using same

Abstract

The compact sawing machine for processing tree trunks (1) comprises a tree trunk support (200) for feeding tree trunks (1) and a tree trunk saw (600) which has at least one circular saw blade (512). The tree trunk saw (600) can be moved along the tree trunks (1) to be processed, and the tree trunks (1) are moved substantially only in a conveying direction (F) transversely to the longitudinal direction of the tree trunks (1). In order to allow the compact sawing machine to be placed in a container (100) which can be transported by a truck, the at least one circular saw blade (512) is positioned vertically, and clamp feeds (650) are provided for clamping the tree trunk (1), said clamp feeds being displaceable in the conveying direction (F) and vertically clamping the tree trunk (1). Furthermore, the compact sawing machine can have a resaw (700) above or below the tree trunk saw (600). In this case, lifting grippers (520,530) are advantageous, said lifting grippers gripping the wood block (12) produced by the tree trunk saw (600) and transporting it to the resaw (700), and preferably it is also possible to rotate the wood block (12) by 90° by means of the lifting grippers (520,530). Furthermore, a measuring device can be provided for measuring the tree trunk (1), which is rotated by a tree trunk rotator (620). A turning device is also advantageous.

Description

COMPACT SAWMILL AND METHOD FOR USE THEREOF Technical area

[0001] The present invention relates to a compact sawmill for processing tree trunks, which comprises a tree trunk support for feeding tree trunks and a tree trunk saw which has at least one circular saw blade and optionally also at least one milling cutter, wherein the tree trunk saw is movable along the tree trunks to be processed and the tree trunks are movable substantially in a conveying direction transverse to the longitudinal direction of the tree trunks, wherein preferably a cross-cut saw is further provided. State of the art

[0002] In order to construct sawmills in a compact design, a system is known from WOWO 2023 / 168470A, which must be installed in a hall, whereby the hall construction incurs costs and contributes to soil sealing.

[0003] The installation of this system requires specialized personnel for on-site assembly, which means the installation depends on the availability of personnel. The deployment of on-site personnel incurs not only personnel costs but also travel expenses and CO2 emissions.

[0004] The tree trunk is clamped in the system mentioned by means of mandrels on the end faces of the tree trunk. This allows clamping when the end faces are flat and aligned almost perpendicular to the longitudinal axis, but is not possible with tree trunks felled manually with a chainsaw, as these typically have at least one sloping and stepped end face, resulting from the need to cut a felling wedge for felling. Furthermore, clamping via the end faces has a detrimental effect on the accuracy of the tree trunk measurement in the case of relatively long and thin tree trunks, as the clamping at the outer ends of the tree trunk during measurement causes the tree trunk to deform due to its own weight, which is amplified by the necessary clamping force in the longitudinal direction of the tree trunk.

[0005] The preferred horizontal arrangement of the processing portal in the system mentioned has the disadvantage that the wide surfaces of the produced sawn material are horizontal and thus provide a support surface for sawdust and milling chips, which are generated during processing and can impair these devices during subsequent handling with grippers or vacuum lifters and thus reduce process reliability.

[0006] The aforementioned plant does not include a device for cross-cutting, i.e., sawing to length, the produced lumber or log. Due to the practice in the timber industry, where logs delivered to sawmills are longer than the desired final length, the produced lumber must be cross-cut in a downstream processing step, or the log must be cross-cut in an upstream processing step.

[0007] In the system mentioned, the splitting of log layers into sawn timber is combined in a processing gantry, along with the trimming and sawing of a log layer. Dividing the processing into several consecutive processing steps, such as processing the log into log blocks and then processing the log blocks into sawn timber, is not planned. In order to limit energy consumption to a certain level, as is the case with standardized electrical connections, the feed rate must be reduced, which reduces the cutting performance of the system. This is particularly important when multiple rip saws are used to split the layers of a log.

[0008] The said plant is provided with pre-stored cutting patterns, which means that a large number of cutting patterns have to be created, with the number of cutting patterns potentially increasing with the number of intended dimensions of cut goods, which leads to a great deal of effort, in particular if the plant operator produces cut goods with dimensions which are outside the usual range.

[0009] The system in question provides for the allocation of stored cutting images to the minimum diameter of the tree trunk, whereby the curvature of a tree trunk is not taken into account and, as a result, the sawn product produced may not have the intended shape, with the edges of the sawn product in particular being inadvertently not formed with sharp edges.

[0010] Furthermore, this assignment is only possible if the tree trunk has been debarked, as there is no provision for correcting the scan result for the usable diameter by the bark thickness. Recording the bark thickness of the tree trunk is also not provided. Description of the invention

[0011] The object underlying the present invention is to create a compact, highly automated, transport-friendly, efficient, easy-to-operate, quickly assembled and disassembled, resource-saving, self-sufficient sawmill suitable for remote areas, wherein the disadvantages described above are eliminated or do not arise.

[0012] This is achieved according to the invention by a compact sawmill of the type mentioned at the outset in that the at least one circular saw blade is arranged vertically and that at least one clamping feed is provided for clamping the tree trunk in the tree trunk saw, which clamping feed is displaceable in the conveying direction and has clamping jaws arranged vertically one above the other, and that the compact sawmill is arranged in a container. This type of arrangement enables a significantly more compact design, and the arrangement in the container enables simple and inexpensive transport. Operation directly in the container is possible. The term clamping jaw is to be understood universally here, so that both a vertically movable clamping jaw and any clamping blocks or other elements against which pressure is exerted and which are vertically immobile are included.

[0013] A clamping feed preferably consists of a clamping gripper with two vertically movable clamping jaws which clamp the tree trunk, a vertical guide on which the clamping gripper is guided, and a horizontal feed which enables the positioning of the clamping gripper together with the vertical guide in the conveying direction, i.e. transversely to the longitudinal direction of the tree trunks.

[0014] The clamping gripper is guided on the vertical guide, which ensures that the tree trunk is fixed lengthwise and in the conveying direction, but allows it to move vertically when the clamping gripper is closed. The shape of the tree trunk, for example its curvature, means that it cannot be assumed that it will rest continuously on the clamping blocks. Therefore, allowing vertical movement during gripping enables the tree trunk to be clamped without deforming it, which would be the case if the clamping were applied from above against the clamping block. In addition, allowing vertical movement during gripping enables the tree trunk to be picked up by a tree trunk turner in the defined position in which the tree trunk was rotated for pickup after any measuring.This transfer in a defined position would not be possible if it were placed on the clamping blocks without additional measures, as the tree trunk would begin to roll on the clamping blocks and thus its orientation would be changed.

[0015] A clamping feed is preferably mounted on each clamping block and fixes the position of the tree trunk during its processing by means of the saw carriage, wherein the clamping is carried out by the preferred positioning of the clamping blocks evenly distributed along the tree trunk, which in particular prevents the ends of the tree trunk from vibrating during processing by the tree trunk saw and the tree trunk in its middle from being deformed by forces occurring during processing by the tree trunk saw.

[0016] A clamping gripper, including its vertical guide, can be positioned by the horizontal feed, which is preferably designed as a spindle with a servo motor as the drive. The feed can also be designed as a chain drive, belt drive, or cable drive. The horizontal feed is used to adjust the thickness of the log produced when the log is processed by the log saw, as well as to position the log outside the cutting area of ​​the log saw during a possible empty run back to its starting position. In addition, the horizontal feed enables the positioning of the log for turning using a turning device (if present), as well as the positioning of the clamping gripper without a log outside the movement area of ​​the log during turning.

[0017] When processing the tree trunk, the clamping gripper is preferably secured to the vertical guide using a clamping device to prevent the tree trunk from moving vertically due to the forces generated during processing. By releasing the clamping device when closing the clamping device in the vertical direction, the force required to move the tree trunk corresponds only to the resulting frictional force between the tree trunk and the support and the required acceleration forces. However, additional frictional forces are avoided by clamping the tree trunk against the clamping block, allowing the drive of the clamping feeds to be smaller.

[0018] Sawing is performed with the vertically mounted circular saw blade on the side of the log opposite the vertical guides. When the log saw is in one of its end positions, the side of the log from which a piece has been sawn off is freely accessible. This allows for easy handling and the compact design necessary for accommodating the compact sawmill in a container.

[0019] The design of the tree trunk support is preferably designed so that tree trunks are conveyed in a consistent spatial orientation, i.e. they are not rolled, thrown or dropped, in order to increase the operational reliability of the device.

[0020] The log support is preferably located outside the container. It is possible to omit the log support or log feeder, and have the log fed into the log saw by a device located upstream or by the user.

[0021] The tree trunk support is preferably a device connected to the compact sawmill.

[0022] The log support is preferably foldable out of the compact sawmill in order to be able to accommodate at least one log in production mode.

[0023] The tree trunk support is preferably designed as an at least two-part and preferably foldable mechanism in order to achieve an increase in the length for supporting tree trunks in the conveying direction, wherein preferably a tree trunk support is designed on which five tree trunks with a nominal diameter of 33 cm can be placed.

[0024] The tree trunk support preferably has a centrally located free space, which is preferably 2.2 meters wide to allow the tree trunks to be placed onto it using a vehicle, such as a forklift. This means that tree trunks must be placed sufficiently centrally to prevent them from tipping over, which requires the central design of the free space. It is also possible for the tree trunk support to allow the tree trunks to be placed on the right or left in the conveying direction, for example, to allow tree trunks to be transferred onto the tree trunk support from upstream devices where this position of the tree trunks is predetermined, without additional conveying equipment.

[0025] The tree trunk support preferably has lateral limiting elements whose spacing corresponds to the maximum length of the tree trunks that can be processed, in order to enable the operator to identify tree trunks that are too long when placing the tree trunks and to provide the operator with a visual orientation aid for placing the tree trunks as centrally as possible in the longitudinal direction.

[0026] The tree trunks are preferably placed on the tree trunk support on a conveyor system, which is preferably designed with driven conveyor chains. The conveyor system is designed with raised sections on the conveyor chains to prevent the tree trunks from rolling on the conveyor system, thus increasing operational safety. It is also possible for the conveyor system to be designed with rollers, conveyor carriages, screw conveyors, pushers, or other suitable conveyors.

[0027] The conveyor chains on the right side (toward the center) and those on the left side (toward the center) are preferably driven independently of each other to allow for changes in the orientation of the conveyed logs. This allows for greater inaccuracy regarding the alignment when placing logs on the log support, reducing operator demands and increasing operational reliability. Otherwise, the logs would have to be placed on the log support with a smaller alignment tolerance if the downstream device is capable of accepting only logs with an alignment within a specific range.

[0028] In order to automate the compact sawmill and keep the space requirements as small as possible, it is preferably provided that the compact sawmill has a measuring device, and the measuring device preferably has at least one measuring gantry that can be moved along a guide. It is particularly advantageous if the guide allows movement along the longitudinal axis of the tree trunk. Furthermore, it is advantageous if the measuring gantry has at least one laser scanner.

[0029] To enable log rotation, the compact sawmill is preferably equipped with a log turner. This allows the log to be rotated and can also offer advantages for measurement if the measuring device is designed accordingly.

[0030] In particular, an efficient arrangement of a measuring device is achieved if the measuring device has at least one camera for monitoring the angle of rotation of the tree trunk and the measuring gantry is arranged on only one side of the tree trunk. The tree trunk can therefore be rotated with the tree trunk turner and the angle of rotation can be recorded by the camera. It is now possible to measure the entire tree trunk without the measuring device being arranged on two opposite sides. This is particularly possible if the measuring gantry has a laser scanner. The measuring gantry can be guided along the tree trunk (with or without a laser scanner) and the tree trunk can then be rotated, with the angle of rotation being recorded, for example, by the camera, which can have image recognition. The measuring gantry can then move over the tree trunk once more and thus record both sides of the tree trunk if the rotation performed is approximately 180°.This can also be performed in more than just two rotations, so that the measurements overlap. Combined with the rotation angle data, the tree trunk can be measured as a whole, eliminating the need to position the measuring device around the tree trunk.

[0031] The camera is preferably designed to capture the front of the tree trunk and is preferably suitable for evaluating the thickness of the tree trunk's bark in order to incorporate this into the cross-sectional image to be calculated. It is also preferably suitable for determining whether the tree trunk has been stripped of bark. This is particularly possible with a camera with image recognition.

[0032] This measurement of the tree trunk or its rotation is also useful regardless of the vertical position of the circular saw blade and regardless of the clamping feeds.

[0033] It is particularly advantageous if the tree trunk support has a position detection device, which preferably has at least two position sensors.

[0034] With position detection, the orientation of the tree trunks can be recorded in order to determine the necessary parameters for controlling the conveyor system of the tree trunk support described above, to process these parameters preferably automatically, and to drive the conveyor system of the tree trunk support. The orientation of the tree trunks can be determined using position sensors, such as image recognition, light barriers, capacitive sensors, or ultrasonic sensors, or can also be recorded visually by the user. Furthermore, the described position detection can be used not only to record the orientation of the trunk, but also to determine the length, diameter, curvature, bark thickness, wood type, or a three-dimensional digital image of the trunk.

[0035] The position detection described above for determining the orientation of the tree trunks on the tree trunk support is preferably carried out using mechanical, rotatably mounted position sensors, which are preferably held in their starting position about their axis of rotation by gravity or rotated back to their starting position when the position sensors are relieved. It cannot be ruled out that the resetting or holding in the starting position is achieved by springs, counterweights, ropes, chains, belts or drives. The position sensors are preferably attached to the tree trunk support. There is at least one position sensor on the right-hand side towards the center of the tree trunk as seen in the conveying direction and at least one position sensor on the left-hand side towards the center of the tree trunk, which are positioned at the end of the conveyor as seen in the conveying direction in order to avoid restricting the conveyor capacity as much as possible.When the log is conveyed, the position sensor on one side is first reached by the log and rotated from its initial position. This is detected and preferably automatically stops the conveyor on that side. The conveyor on the other side of the log continues to move the log until the log reaches the position sensor on the second side, which is again detected. In this state, the position of two points on the front side of the log, as seen in the conveying direction, is known. It can be assumed that the log is approximately rod-shaped, although this is a natural product and its shape is not precisely defined.It follows that the longitudinal axis of the tree trunk is also approximately perpendicular to the conveying direction, and thus the alignment of the tree trunk is also within the permissible operating limits of the tree trunk feeder for receiving the tree trunk, whereby the design of the tree trunk feeder and its operating limits are coordinated with the measuring device in order to achieve the highest possible operational reliability with regard to the undefined shape of the tree trunk.

[0036] The described position detection preferably has additional position sensors at different distances in the longitudinal direction in order to enable the measurement of the length of the tree trunk conveyed past in a certain area and also to determine the position of the tree trunk in the longitudinal direction in order to thereby determine the necessary position of the tree trunk feeder when taking over the tree trunk.

[0037] An advantageous embodiment of the compact sawmill is that the compact sawmill has at least one turning device. A turning device preferably consists of two turning forks, which are rotatably mounted and designed to pivot about a common axis of rotation. The pivoting of the turning forks is enabled independently of one another by separate drives. If there are multiple turning devices, these are preferably positioned as symmetrically as possible to the center of all clamping blocks, transverse to the conveying direction, and are preferably mounted on the clamping blocks. The turning devices are preferably located in the outer third of the length of the tree trunk to be turned in order to prevent a tree trunk from tipping transverse to its longitudinal axis during turning, which would occur if the center of gravity of a tree trunk, particularly in the unprocessed state, was not centrally located in the longitudinal direction of the tree trunk due to the larger diameter on one side.

[0038] In the starting position, it is preferable for both turning forks to be recessed below the support plane of the clamping blocks. An example turning process consists in the turning fork arranged closer to the tree trunk support, i.e. the saw-side turning fork, being pivoted upwards so that the tree trunk-side edge of this turning fork is vertical. The tree trunk is located behind this edge (seen from the tree trunk support) and is clamped by the at least one clamping feed. The front side of the tree trunk is then positioned by means of the at least one clamping feed on the tree trunk-side, vertical edge of the turning fork. The clamping of the tree trunk is then released by the at least one clamping feed, with both turning forks being pivoted synchronously to one another by 90° so that the tree trunk, which lies on the V-shaped and rectangular support clamped by the turning forks, is pivoted against the conveying direction.The saw-side turning fork is then already below the support surface, and the second turning fork, the clamping fork, is pivoted back to its original position below the support surface. The beginning of the pivoting and the release of the clamping are carried out almost simultaneously to limit the beginning of rolling of the no longer secured log on the support and to ensure its intended movement during turning. After turning, the log lies on the side that was previously worked on with the saw carriage, creating a flat surface that prevents the log from rolling.

[0039] In order to position the tree trunk accordingly, it can preferably be provided that the compact sawmill has a shape compensation consisting of at least two positionable stops. The at least two positionable stops limit the path of the tree trunk in the conveying direction. The shape of the tree trunk is known from the measurement, so the positions of the stops can also be calculated, which are necessary to achieve the required alignment of the tree trunk for further processing. Since the tree trunk does not have a precise position on the clamping blocks after turning, the tree trunk can be pressed against the stops by shape clamps in order to enable the required alignment of the tree trunk to the stops and thus also the alignment to the cutting plane of the saw carriage.The form clamps are preferably installed together with the form compensation on the clamping block and are retractable, whereby the form clamps are lifted above the support level of the clamping blocks to clamp the tree trunk and are otherwise retracted below the support level.

[0040] A preferred embodiment of the compact sawmill is that the log saw has two vertically arranged circular saw blades in one and the same cutting plane, with the two circular saw blades offset in the cutting direction and vertically overlapping, and two cutters, the height of the circular saw blades and the cutters being adjustable. The circular saw blades are preferably arranged offset from one another on their cutting plane to achieve overlapping cuts and thus a continuous separation of the log and the log during sawing.The direction of rotation of the circular saw blades during sawing is preferably designed so that the teeth of the circular saw first engage the interior of the tree trunk and rotate outwards. This is advantageous for the wear of the circular saw blades, since otherwise the engagement occurs first in the bark, which usually contains contaminants such as sand from felling or harvesting the tree trunk from the forest, and this contaminant would be pressed into the tree trunk by the teeth of the circular saw blades. In contrast, with the described direction of rotation, the contaminants are only picked up once the tooth has already passed through the tree trunk, whereby the contaminants are thrown outwards without the resistance of the rest of the tree trunk. This results in opposite directions of rotation for the upper and lower circular saw blades.

[0041] The milling heads are preferably movable symmetrically to the horizontal center between the horizontal axes of the circular saw blades to enable both the creation of a flat surface on the outer surface of the tree trunk and the trimming of wooden blocks or sawn material. To create a flat surface on the outer surface of the tree trunk, overlapping of the areas machined by the milling heads is required, which is preferably achieved by a mutually offset arrangement of the milling heads. The described direction of rotation of the circular saw blades is also preferably provided for the milling heads for the reasons mentioned.

[0042] The movement of the log saw can preferably be carried out in such a way that the log saw is mounted on a saw carriage that can be moved along a frame in the longitudinal direction of the log. The movement of the carriage and the holding of the log allow for a smaller space requirement for the container, since the log does not have to be moved along its length.

[0043] Preferably, clamping blocks are positioned further away from the log support than the saw carriage, serving as a support for the log. This means that a log first passes the saw carriage before reaching the clamping blocks. In one of the end positions, the saw carriage is sufficiently far away from the clamping blocks (as viewed along the longitudinal axis of the logs) to allow the loading of logs onto the clamping blocks from the outside.

[0044] The saw carriage preferably has a lifting carriage which is vertically movable in order to enable the positioning of the horizontal centre between the horizontal axes of the circular saw blades and thus also the horizontal centre between the axes of the milling cutters to the centre of the wood block to be produced, which also results in the upper and lower circular saw blades being operated with an approximately equal engagement in the tree trunk and thus the wear of the circular saw blades and the power consumption of the motors which drive the circular saw blades being approximately the same.

[0045] The direction of travel of the saw carriage, in which the sawing and milling of the tree trunk takes place, is preferably selected so that the circular saws and milling heads work in the opposite direction, as the energy requirement for processing is reduced, which results from the pre-splitting of wood, which precedes a tooth in engagement through the material.

[0046] In particular, it is advantageous for the transport of the compact sawmill if the compact sawmill can be switched between a production mode and a transport mode in which the container meets the characteristics of an international freight container, wherein the transport mode preferably has retracted loading supports and the production mode has extended loading supports and / or the transport mode preferably has a retracted / sunken log support and the production mode has an extended log support and / or preferably has an output conveyor which is retracted in the transport mode and extended in the production mode.

[0047] The retractable loading supports and the log support, which consists of two parts that can also be lowered and folded out into the outer shell or a container, with a gap between them, allow for easy switching between transport and production mode. Transport is particularly facilitated when the outer shell meets the specifications of an international freight container according to ISO 668. In transport mode, the compact sawmill preferably has the characteristics of a 40-foot freight container, preferably a high-cube version. The external dimensions of the container are of particular importance here.It is not excluded that the compact sawmill may have additional characteristics in transport mode, in particular those characteristics required to obtain certification for transport as sea freight, rail freight or truck freight, such as the characteristics of the maximum weight of the container, the nature of the container corners, the position of the container corners, the stackability of the container or the resistance to sea water.

[0048] It is a preferred embodiment that the tree trunk support is a separate device, which is preferably also designed in container construction and, in transport mode, fulfills the above-described features of the freight container and is preferably itself foldable or extendable and can thus be variably configured for the production mode in terms of the extent of the support for tree trunks transversely or longitudinally to the conveying direction.

[0049] The transport mode is preferably achieved by retracting all devices of the compact sawmill that prevent the described freight container's characteristics from being met in production mode. It is possible for at least one of these devices to be detachable, or for additional devices on the compact sawmill to be handled by the user to achieve transport mode, for example, struts for stabilizing the container or transport locks for securing devices in the compact sawmill.

[0050] Loading supports, which are preferably included in the compact sawmill, serve as an integrated loading and unloading device for transport on vehicles, for example, on a truck or a low-loader. The loading supports are preferably retractable to establish the transport mode of the compact sawmill, although it is not excluded that the loading supports can be removed to establish the transport mode. A position sensor can prevent the loading device from being activated if the inclination angle is too great, in order to prevent the container from tipping. During unloading, the loading device is extended, then the supports are lowered until contact with the ground is detected at each support. After that, all supports are extended one after the other by a short distance.If the angle of inclination of the system does not change within a specified amount when one of the supports is extended, it is assumed that the support is sinking into the ground and therefore does not have sufficient load-bearing capacity, which means that the unloading process must be aborted. If the ground has sufficient load-bearing capacity, the supports are extended at different speeds in order to achieve a horizontal position of the container in all axial directions and a sufficient distance from the vehicle in the vertical direction for unloading the container from the vehicle. After the vehicle is removed from under the container, the container is lowered, moving within a defined range around the horizontal position in all axial directions. Once one of the supports has reached the retracted end position, the unloading process is complete.Thus, the unloading device also serves as a device for automatically leveling the system, which can also be used without loading.

[0051] In order to stabilize a resulting block of wood or a board or the like, it is preferred that the compact sawmill has at least one gripper for gripping, stabilizing and holding the block of wood to be cut off during processing by the log saw.

[0052] A compact and efficient design of the compact sawmill preferably includes a resawing saw above or below the log saw. This increases the productivity of the system, as the log saw and the resawing saw can operate simultaneously. During production, the log first passes through the log support, is then cut in the log saw and then in the resawing saw (the cross-cut saw can be used before or after the other cuts, but is not required), and finally is output. The resawing saw is preferably located in the upper part of the container. This design is also advantageous regardless of the vertically positioned circular saw blade and the clamping feeds.

[0053] In an embodiment with a resaw, it is preferred that the at least one gripper is a lifting gripper, wherein the log produced by the log saw can be transported to the resaw by the at least one, preferably the at least two lifting grippers, wherein the log can preferably be rotated by 90° by the lifting gripper(s). The use of the lifting grippers thus enables transport between the log saw and the resaw.

[0054] Each lifting gripper can be moved vertically and is used to clamp and lift (or lower) the logs produced in the log saw.

[0055] If the grab lifts are located closer to the log bed than the log saw, the grab lifts must be moved to the side while a log is being transferred from the log bed to the compact sawmill. It is therefore preferable for the grab lift(s) to be mounted on a grab lift carriage that can be moved along the frame (in the same direction as the saw carriage).

[0056] In detail, the lifting grabs are each pivotably mounted on a lifting grab frame, allowing pivoting by 90°. The lifting grab frame can be moved vertically on the lifting grab carriage to enable the transport of the sawn timber or logs from the log saw to the re-saw, which is preferably installed on the upper level of the compact sawmill. The lifting grab frame is mounted on the lifting grab carriage, which can be moved in the longitudinal direction of the log saw and is guided on the same frame as the saw carriage.

[0057] The compact sawmill is preferably provided with two lifting grippers. These serve, on the one hand, to secure the log created by the saw carriage during processing, thereby preventing it from swinging or vibrating. And, on the other hand, to hold the log after it has been completely separated from the tree trunk, thus preventing it from falling. This means that no further device is required to catch the log and return it to a defined position for further handling. When the log is transported from the log saw to the resaw on the upper level of the compact sawmill, the log is turned 90° by the lifting gripper. This serves to deposit the sawn material or log in a stable position. The stable position means resting on the longer edge of the cross-section of the wood.For this purpose, the cutting pattern ensures that the logs or sawn material produced in the log saw have the longer side of the cross-section in the vertical direction. The clamping force of the lifting gripper is preferably controllable in order to be able to vary it for different dimensions of the sawn material or logs or for wood types with different pressure sensitivity. The lifting gripper is designed so that when the log is deposited in the resaw, the area passed through the wood is as small as possible. This is achieved by having the pivot point of the lifting gripper at the level of the support when pivoted, with the lifting movement and pivoting movement occurring simultaneously at the upper end of the stroke. This leads to the miniaturization of the lifting gripper in the vertical direction.

[0058] A preferred embodiment of the resaw is that at least one wood block feed is provided in the area of ​​the resaw, that the at least one wood block feed preferably has clamping jaws arranged vertically one above the other, and that particularly preferably the at least one wood block feed is individually displaceable in the conveying direction. Wood block clamps can be provided here, which can be positioned in the conveying direction by means of a wood block feed and can be mounted thereon so as to be pivotable by 90° about an axis in the conveying direction and can thus be lowered below the support plane of the resaw in order to create space for the transfer of the wood block from the lifting gripper(s) to the wood block storage unit.When pivoted open, the wood block clamps are used to fix and position the wood block in the conveying direction and to press the wood block against the pivoted board clamps before fixing the wood block in order to ensure its linear alignment, which is necessary because the wood block may be curved due to its internal stress that comes into play after it is separated from the tree trunk.

[0059] The log feeder can also have pivoting sliders positioned closer to the lifting gripper(s). These sliders are also retractable beneath the support surface and serve to push the log deposited by the lifting grippers into a position in the conveying direction, allowing the log clamps in front of the log to pivot open. The sliders are necessary because, due to the limited space available in the compact sawmill, especially when housed in a container, the log clamps and log feeder cannot be moved far enough against the conveying direction to position them in front of the log when the log is in the transfer position.

[0060] It is even more preferred that board clamps are provided in the area of ​​the resaw for clamping the board produced in the resaw, and that the board clamps are preferably rotatable by 90° so that the board can be deposited in a stable position. The board clamps can also be pivoted by 90° about an axis parallel to the conveying direction so that they can also be retracted below the support plane. The wood block clamps clamp the wood block pressed against the board clamps by the wood block feed and enable the wood block to be moved through cross-cut saws and subsequently positioned for processing by the resaw, with the required positions being known from a corresponding cutting pattern.

[0061] The resawing machine can additionally have at least one crosscut saw, which enables the wood block or the resulting boards to be cut. The crosscut saw is preferably fixed in the resawing machine, and the cutting, and thus the crosscutting, is preferably carried out by pushing the wood block through the crosscut saw using the wood block feed.

[0062] The resulting residue at the end of the log preferably falls onto a conveyor belt, which transports the residue to the outside through an opening in a wall of the outer shell. Furthermore, a rip-cutting saw is preferably provided in the resaw. This saw can be moved in the longitudinal direction and whose circular saw blade is positioned vertically such that it extends downwards through the support plane to enable complete separation of a board from the log. The two end positions of the rip-cutting saw are each far enough out to enable a log to be passed through the rip-cutting saw without being processed, since the cutting pattern can be designed so that the board is already created upstream in the log saw.

[0063] The tree trunks that can be processed in production mode preferably have a maximum nominal diameter of 60 centimeters, a minimum nominal diameter of 10 centimeters, a maximum nominal length of 6 meters, and a minimum nominal length of 3 meters. The nominal diameter and the nominal length are to be understood as the diameter and length of an idealized substitute body, whereby this substitute body is a cylinder with the smallest possible diameter and length, whose length is greater than its diameter, and which would simultaneously enclose the entire real tree trunk.

[0064] A further opening, preferably on the rear side of the outer shell (of the container) in the conveying direction, is preferably provided to enable the boards passed through or produced in the resaw to be conveyed out of the interior of the outer shell. This opening can preferably be closed with an output flap to prevent intervention from the outside for safety reasons, wherein the output flap preferably has a contact strip on its underside to detect an intervention when the output flap is closed and, if necessary, to stop or open it. It is possible for the opening for conveying the boards out to be located at a different position on the outer shell, and in particular for the boards to be conveyed out in the longitudinal direction of the boards.

[0065] A preferably present output conveyor is particularly preferably located after the output flap, viewed in the conveying direction, and is preferably retractable into the outer shell in transport mode, preferably by folding it into the outer shell, and in production mode can be folded out and fixed at any angle with a specific maximum value below the horizontal in order to make the conveyed cut goods available to downstream devices, for example a forklift truck, at a selectable height. The output conveyor has at least two, but preferably four fold-out arms, on each of which a conveyor chain is guided. The conveyor chain is preferably designed with elevations which prevent the cut goods located on it from slipping if the arms are at a steep angle.To receive a board from the resaw, the output conveyor preferably has at least two, but preferably four pivoting arms which, in their horizontal position, enable the board to be received in a consistent orientation and, by pivoting downwards, place the board on the conveyor chains in order to prevent the board from otherwise being in an undefined position during transfer and thus increase operational reliability. It is not excluded that the arms can be folded out again in order to extend the support surface of the output conveyor. It is not excluded that the arms can be extended in order to extend the output conveyor. It is not excluded that the output conveyors are designed without chains and thus the sawn goods slide downwards under gravity or are pushed further in the conveying direction by following sawn goods.It is not excluded that screw conveyors, conveyor belts, ropes or conveyor belts are provided instead of the conveyor chains.

[0066] Any chip conveyors that may be present are preferably designed as scraper conveyors and are used to transport the sawdust generated during sawing and milling from the interior of the machine room to the exterior. Machining is advantageous here, as it eliminates the need for elongated sawdust, which would be more complex to handle in the machine room and would take up more space. Handling and storing elongated sawdust outside the outer shell would also require more space, and these sawdust would either have to be shredded on-site in an additional device or transported away for further processing. A chip conveyor on the saw carriage serves to catch falling chips and therefore runs underneath the saw carriage along its intended possible engagement with the tree trunk. A chip conveyor can also be provided underneath the resaw to transport the chips generated there.These two chip conveyors terminate above another chip conveyor, which is designed as an ascending conveyor. This allows for the chips to be collected from the other two chip conveyors, which are located at different heights, and also allows for a greater ejection height of the chips when removing them from the compact sawmill. The greater ejection height is advantageous because it allows for the installation of a higher collection container, such as a trailer or pallet box, to facilitate the removal of sawdust. A chute is provided on the outer wall of the compact sawmill, along which the chips slide from the ascending conveyor down into the collection container.Conveying the chips outward through a separate opening in the outer shell rather than upwards inside the compact sawmill would have the disadvantage of not being able to accommodate a collection container with sufficient capacity to facilitate the handling of the sawdust. An additional conveying device would be required outside to compensate for this disadvantage. It is not impossible to design the chip conveyors as push conveyors, screw conveyors, or conveyor belts, or to completely or partially eliminate them and replace them with an extraction device.

[0067] A fan is preferably provided which enables air exchange with the environment in order to reduce the dust concentration in the machine room caused by processing, wherein an additional opening is preferably provided in the wall of the machine room in order to allow the flow of fresh air to compensate for the amount of air extracted.

[0068] The compact sawmill preferably has an extinguishing system that automatically detects fires in the compact sawmill and, by flooding the compact sawmill with nitrogen gas, which is stored in gas cylinders in the compact sawmill, reduces the oxygen content in the compact sawmill to such an extent that the fire is extinguished.

[0069] In the following, the term "boards" is used synonymously with sawn goods, whereby "board" means any type of sawn goods, such as strips, battens, posts and squared timber, and the term wood block is used synonymously for intermediate products which are made from a tree trunk and can then be further processed into sawn goods or boards, as well as for sawn goods or boards which are not to be further split but are already to be regarded as sawn goods.

[0070] The use of the compact sawmill preferably comprises the following steps: Placing a tree trunk on the tree trunk support; Conveying the tree trunk into the measuring device, preferably by means of conveyor chains; Measuring the tree trunk using the measuring device; Creating a cutting pattern; Aligning using the shape compensation and securing the tree trunk using the at least one clamping feed; Cutting the tree trunk with the tree trunk saw according to the cutting pattern and gripping a resulting wood block using the lifting gripper or grippers; Transporting the wood block to the resaw using the lifting gripper or grippers; Securing the wood block using the at least one wood block feed and sawing the wood block to create a board according to the cutting pattern; Discharging the board.

[0071] Measuring the tree trunk with the compact sawmill preferably comprises the following steps: Placing the tree trunk; Measuring the first side of the tree trunk using the measuring device, which comprises at least one camera and / or at least one laser scanner, wherein at least a part of the measuring device, preferably a laser scanner, is moved along a guide along the longitudinal axis of the tree trunk; Rotating the tree trunk by approximately 180° using the tree trunk turner, wherein the angle of rotation is recorded by the measuring device, preferably by the camera of the measuring device; Measuring the second side of the tree trunk using the measuring device, wherein at least a part of the measuring device, preferably a laser scanner, is moved along a guide along the longitudinal axis of the tree trunk; Creating a sectional image based on the data from the measuring device.

[0072] This method allows for measurements on only one side using at least one camera and / or at least one laser scanner. By rotating the tree trunk, the at least one camera or at least one laser scanner can still measure the entire circumference of the tree trunk and thus generate a cross-sectional image.

[0073] This method can be carried out in particular in a device that has a log turner, although a resaw does not necessarily have to be present. The rotation of the log during measuring is preferably carried out by the log turner, which preferably consists of two chains that are held by deflection pulleys, each attached to a arm, and that sag downwards in the area where the log rests in order to hold the log in the log turner by its weight and to enable the log to rotate by driving the chains. The arms, including the deflection pulleys, are preferably pivotable about an axis parallel to the longitudinal direction of the log saw. When pivoted up, these lift the chain to hold resting logs above the support plane of the clamping blocks, and when pivoted down, they lower the arms, including the deflection pulleys and chains, below the support plane.

[0074] It is possible for the log turner to be designed with guided chains rather than freely suspended chains, or for the functions of the turning device to be combined with those of the log turner, thus forming a single device. It is also possible for the lowering below the support level to be achieved not by the described pivoting, but by a linear guide or by pivoting around another axis.

[0075] Since the tree trunk generally has different diameters at the points where it rests on the log turner, and the power is transferred from the chains to the tree trunk during rotation via friction, it is not always possible to clearly correlate the chain movement with the rotational movement of the tree trunk. The rotation angle of the tree trunk, which must be known for the measurement method described, is preferably detected by the measuring device. This makes it possible to switch off the chains during rotation once the desired rotation angle is reached, and the exact value of the rotation angle is known for the evaluation of the measurement. In order to enable an almost exact rotation of the tree trunk by 180 °, a reduced speed of the chains and thus of the turning process would be necessary, which would have a negative impact on the economic efficiency of the system.Therefore, a certain deviation of the desired angle of rotation is permitted, as the exact value is known anyway. This method requires that the angle measured by the measuring device around the circumference of the tree trunk must be greater than 180° by a certain value in order to complete the entire measurement in two passes and simultaneously measure the trunk all around. The tree trunk turner preferably has at least one clamping device that clamps the trunk after it has been inserted into the tree trunk turner and after it has been rotated in the tree trunk turner, i.e. during the measurement, in order to stabilize the tree trunk, which would otherwise swing after its movement on the chains, making accurate measurement impossible. Short description of the drawings

[0076] The present invention is explained in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0077] Fig. 1 shows a sawmill according to the invention with a container as the outer shell in production mode in a perspective view, with the container shown in section. Fig. 2 shows the sawmill as an exploded view with its main components shown separately. Fig. 3 shows the compact sawmill in transport mode, loaded on a low-loader, from the side with a log support. Fig. 4 shows the compact sawmill in transport mode, but with extended loading supports, from the output side of the sawmill. Fig. 5 shows the log support in production mode with logs placed on it and the clamping blocks for handling the log inside the container. Fig. 6 shows an unprocessed log, which lies on the log turner of the clamping blocks and is measured by means of a measuring device. Figures 7a-f show the processing steps of a log from the unprocessed state to the sawn product. Fig.Fig. 8 shows a tree trunk clamped on the clamping blocks, the first processing side of which is being planed using the saw carriage. Fig. 9 shows a tree trunk planed on one side, clamped on the clamping blocks, whereby a wooden block, in this case a board, is created using the saw carriage. Fig. 10 shows a tree trunk machined on one side, which is lying on the clamping blocks and positioned at the turning device of the clamping blocks and is thus prepared for turning by 90°. The board produced in Fig. 9 is located in the lifting grippers. Fig. 11 shows a tree trunk machined on one side and turned by 90° to its starting position, which is pushed by the shape clamps to the stops of the shape compensation positioned according to the shape of the tree trunk. Fig.Fig. 12 shows the last remaining block of wood after processing the tree trunk, clamped in the clamping blocks, as well as the second to last block of wood, clamped in the lifting grippers while the block of wood is being placed on the resaw. Fig. 13 shows a block of wood on the support surface of the resaw, which was pushed onto the board clamps by the slider of the block feed. Fig. 14 shows the sawn-through block of wood, which is lying on the support surface and is fixed by block clamps, as well as the resulting board, which is fixed by board clamps. Fig. 15 shows the sawn-through block of wood and the resulting board, which was rotated 90° by pivoting the board clamps downwards and thus placed in a stable position. Fig. 16 shows the sawn-through block of wood and the resulting board, which was lying on the support surface and pushed onto the pivot arms by means of an ejector. Fig.Fig. 17 shows the resaw and the output conveyor as seen from the output side of the container, with the board being deposited on conveyor chains of the output conveyor by swinging the swivel arms downwards. Fig. 18 shows a sawn-through wooden block and the resulting squared timber, which is then conveyed out of the resaw through the ejectors without rotating, with the board clamps swung down below the support surface. Fig. 19 shows the remaining part, after all longitudinal cuts of the wooden block have been processed, which is transferred from the wooden block clamps to the board clamps and then conveyed out of the resaw. Best way of carrying out the invention

[0078] With the described devices outer shell / container 100, tree trunk support 200, tree trunk saw 600, measuring device 400, frame 500 and re-cutting saw 700, for example, the following method for processing a tree trunk into wood blocks is made possible, wherein an exemplary result of the processing of each side of the tree trunk 1 is shown in Figures 7a-f, for the first to fourth side see Fig. 7 b, c, d, e: Placing tree trunks 1, 2, 3, 4 on the conveyor chains 209 (see Fig.5) the tree trunk support 200 by the operator. Conveying the tree trunks 1, 2, 3, 4 towards the transfer position by means of the conveyor chains 209 with simultaneous measurement by the position sensors 231. Aligning the tree trunk 1 for transfer by means of the conveyor chains 209 with simultaneous measurement of the alignment by the position sensors 231 and measuring the position of the trunk in the longitudinal direction L. Positioning the clamping blocks 601 in the longitudinal direction L according to the position and length of the tree trunk and simultaneously opening the feed flap 113 (see Fig. 3). Inserting the tree trunk 1 into the container 100 (see Fig. 1) by means of the tree trunk feed 610 (see Fig. 5, 6) by extending, receiving by pivoting and retracting the tree trunk feed 610 (see Fig. 5, 6). Closing the feed flap 113 (see Fig. 3). then transfer of the tree trunk 1 by swivelling up the tree trunk turner 620 (see Fig.6) and subsequent pivoting of the tree trunk feeder 610. In the exemplary embodiment, the measuring device 400 (see Fig. 2) consists of a measuring portal 410 with a laser scanner, a guide 420, and a camera 430. The use of two or more laser scanners is also possible. The measurement of the first side of the tree trunk 1 is carried out by means of the measuring portal 410 by moving along the guide 420, and the measurement of the thickness of the bark or the detection of whether the tree trunk has been debarked is carried out by means of the camera 430 with image recognition. Rotating the tree trunk 1 by approximately 180° by means of the tree trunk rotator 620 (see Fig. 6) while measuring the angle of rotation using the camera 430 (see Fig.2) with image recognition, three-dimensional measurement of the second side of the tree trunk using the measuring portal 410 by moving on the guide 420, then creating a complete three-dimensional image of the tree trunk 1 from the two measurements using the measuring portal 410 and the measurement of the actual angle of rotation of the tree trunk as well as the measurement of the thickness of the bark using the camera 430 with image recognition, creating the optimized cross-sectional image via software using the user's specifications and the three-dimensional image of the tree trunk, positioning the inner clamping blocks 601 for evenly distributed support of the tree trunk 1 on the clamping blocks 601, rotating the tree trunk using the tree trunk rotator 620 (see Fig.6) by a rotation angle specified by the cross-sectional image while simultaneously measuring the rotation angle using the camera 430 with image recognition. Positioning of the clamping feeds 650 based on the cross-sectional image for clamping. Clamping of the log 1 using the clamping feeds 650. Placing of the log 1 on the clamping blocks 601 by lowering the log turner 620. Positioning of the log 1 based on the cross-sectional image for processing using the clamping feeds 650 in the conveying direction F and vertical positioning in the lifting direction H of the circular saw blades 512 (see Fig. 9) and milling cutters 511 using the lifting carriage 509 on the saw carriage 510. Face milling of the log 1 using the milling cutters 511 by moving the saw carriage in the longitudinal direction L (see Fig. 8). Brief movement of the log 1 in the conveying direction F using the clamping feeds 650 for releasing the circular saw blades 512 and milling cutters 511Return travel of the saw carriage 510 (see Fig.9) in the starting position (opposite the longitudinal direction L) to behind the end of the feed flap 113 (see Fig. 3). If no further processing of the side of the tree trunk 1 is planned in the cutting image, the next steps up to the positioning of the tree trunk 1 for turning are omitted. Vertical positioning of the circular saw blades 512 (see Fig. 9) and milling cutter 511 on the saw carriage 510. The rear lifting gripper 520 and the front lifting gripper 530 each have a lifting gripper carriage 521 or 531, which can be moved along the frame 500 in the longitudinal direction L. A lifting gripper frame 522 or 532 can be moved vertically on the lifting gripper carriage 521 or 531. The actual gripper arms are pivotally mounted on these lifting gripper frames 522 or 532. In this step, the lifting gripper frames 522 and 532 are also brought to the height required for the cutting pattern.then producing a wooden block 12, in this case a board, by moving the saw carriage 510 in the longitudinal direction L, with the rear lifting gripper 520 and the front lifting gripper 530 following the saw carriage 510 in the open state. Stopping the rear lifting gripper 520 and then clamping the resulting wooden block 12 as soon as the rear lifting gripper 520 has reached it. Stopping the front lifting gripper 530 and then clamping the resulting wooden block 12 by means of the front lifting gripper 530 before the circular saw blades 512 and cutters 511 of the saw carriage 510 have reached the end of the tree trunk 1. Completely separating the wooden block 12 from the tree trunk 1 by means of the continuing saw carriage 510. Lifting and rotating the wooden block 12 and depositing it in the re-cutting saw 700 by means of the synchronously moving lifting grippers. 520 and 530 (see Fig.10) Release the clamping of the rear lifting gripper 520 and the front lifting gripper 530 and then return the rear lifting gripper 520 and the front lifting gripper 530 and the saw carriage 510 to their starting position in the longitudinal direction L. If further processing of the side of the tree trunk 1 is planned in the cutting pattern, the corresponding steps are repeated. Position the tree trunk 1 using the clamping feeds 650 for turning. Swivel up the saw-side turning fork 631 (see Fig. 10) of the turning device. Release the clamping of the tree trunk 1 by the clamping feeds 650. Position the clamping feeds 650 outside the swivel range of the tree trunk 1. Turn the tree trunk 1 using the turning device by synchronously swiveling the saw-side turning fork 631 and the clamping-side turning fork 632 and under monitoring of the camera 430. (see Fig.2) with image recognition, then aligning the tree trunk 1 by means of shape compensation by positioning the stops 660 according to the cross-sectional view and then clamping the tree trunk 1 using the shape clamps 640 (Fig. 11). Positioning the clamping feeds 650 based on the cross-sectional view for clamping, clamping the tree trunk 1 using the clamping feeds 650 based on the cross-sectional view, positioning the tree trunk 1 for processing using the saw carriage 510 and vertical positioning of the circular saw blades 512 and milling cutters 511 on the saw carriage (see Fig. 9 again). After that, the corresponding previous steps are repeated until all four sides of the tree trunk 1 have been processed and the last wooden block 14 of the fourth side of the tree trunk 1 is clamped in the clamping feeds 650 (see Fig.12) Positioning of the last wood block 14 for transfer by the rear lifting gripper 520 and the front lifting gripper 530 by means of the clamping feeds 650. Then, as already described, transfer of the wood block 14 and deposit it on the re-saw 700. Insert the next tree trunk 2 into the sawmill and repeat the corresponding steps.

[0079] The devices comprising the rear lifting gripper 520, front lifting gripper 530, resawing saw 700, and output conveyor 800 enable the following process for processing a wood block into sawn goods: Placing a wood block 13 on the support surface 710 of the resawing saw 700 using the rear lifting gripper 520 and front lifting gripper 530 (see Fig. 12). Positioning the wood block feed 720 (see Fig. 13) including slider 721 in front of the wood block 13 as seen in the conveying direction F. Swiveling up the slider 721. Pushing the wood block 13 to the board clamps 732 using the wood block feed 720 including slider 721. Retracting the wood block feed 720 and swiveling down the slider 721. Swiveling up the wood block clamps 722 (see Fig.14) and positioning the board feed 730 together with the pivoted-up board clamps 732 and the raised board turner 731 for sawing according to the cutting diagram. Pressing the wooden block 13 against the board clamps 732 using the wooden block feed 720 together with the wooden block clamps 722 to compensate for the possible curvature of the wooden block. Fixing the wooden block 13 by clamping the wooden block clamps 722 and the board clamps 732. Cutting off a board 15 by sawing the wooden block 13 using the rip saw 740. Freeing the rip saw 740 by positioning the wooden block 13 using the wooden block feed 720 and the board 15 using the board feed 730. Retracting the rip saw 740, simultaneously turning the board clamps 732 together with the board 15 by 90° by pivoting the board turner downwards. 731 (see Fig. 15), where it is assumed for example that the shorter edge of the cross-section of the produced board is on the support surface before turning.Placing the turned board 15 on the support surface 710 by opening the board clamps 732 before the board 15 hits the support surface 710. Opening the discharge flap 111 (see Fig. 1, 2 and 4) and pivoting the ejectors 750 upwards (see Fig. 15). Pushing the board 15 out onto the upwardly pivoted pivot arms 760 by means of the ejectors 750 (see Fig. 16). Moving back and then pivoting the ejectors 750 downwards and closing the discharge flap 111 (see Fig. 2 and 4). Turning the board clamps 732 upwards by means of the board turner 731 and positioning the wooden block 13 by means of the wooden block feed 720 for sawing according to the cutting pattern (see Fig. 17). Simultaneously pivoting the board 15 downwards for placement on the Output conveyor 800 by means of the pivoting arms 760 (see Fig. 17)Positioning the board clamps 732 on the wooden block 13 by means of the board feed 730Fixing the wooden block 13 by clamping the board clamps 732 (Fig. 17)Cutting off a squared timber 16 (see Fig.18) by sawing the wooden block 13 (see Fig. 17) using the rip saw 740. Release the rip saw 740 by positioning the board 17 (see Fig. 18) using the wooden block feed 720 and the squared timber 16 using the board feed 730. Retract the rip saw 740 (see Fig. 17), simultaneously positioning the board clamps 732 together with the squared timber 16 (still visible as wooden block 13 in Fig. 17) using the board feed 730 so that the squared timber 16 is closer to the retracted ejector 750, whereby it is assumed here, for example, that the longer edge of the cross-section of the produced squared timber 16 is on the support surface and thus no rotation of the squared timber is required. Place the squared timber 16 on the support surface 710 by opening the board clamps 732Advance in conveying direction F of the board clamps 732 by means of board feed 730Swivelling of the board clamps 732 down below the support surface 710 (see Fig.18)Opening the discharge flap 111 (see Fig. 2 and 4) and pivoting the ejector 750 upwards (see Fig. 18).Pushing the squared timber 16 onto the upwardly pivoted pivot arms 760 by means of the ejector 750.Subsequently ejecting the board 17.

[0080] The described devices, outer shell / container 100 (see Fig. 1), loading supports 140, log support 200, and output conveyor 800, enable the following procedure for unloading, for example, from a vehicle, leveling the sawmill, and transforming the sawmill from transport mode to production mode: Checking the spatial position of the outer shell / container 100 on the vehicle in both horizontal axes using a position sensor installed in the container; if the inclination of the container is outside the intended operating limits, the start of the unloading process is prevented.Swinging out the four loading supports 140 from the container wall. Extending each loading support 140 until contact with the ground is detected. Sequentially extending all loading supports 140 to create a specific short distance from the vehicle, while simultaneously measuring the change in spatial position using the position sensor and aborting the unloading process if an unintended change in position occurs due to non-load-bearing ground. Extending the loading supports 140 to different extents to achieve the horizontal position of the container 100 in both horizontal axes (see Fig. 4). Removing the vehicle from under the container 100. Synchronously retracting all loading supports 140 until the retracted end position of a support is reached, whereby the container 100 is thus leveled. Unfolding the inner arms 201 (see Fig.5) of the log conveyor and supporting them on the feet 202 of the inner arms 201 of the log conveyor. Unfolding the outer arms 203 of the log conveyor and supporting them on the feet 204 of the outer arms of the log conveyor. Unfolding the inner arms 205 of the limiter of the log conveyor and supporting them on the feet 206 of the inner arms 205 of the limiter. Unfolding the outer arms 207 of the limiter and supporting them on the feet 208 of the outer arms 207 of the limiter. Unfolding the position detection 230 including position sensors 231 (see Fig. 5). Unfolding the output conveyor 800 (see Fig. 2 and 17).

[0081] The described devices container 100, loading supports 140, log support 200 and output conveyor 800 enable the following method for loading, for example onto a vehicle, and transforming the sawmill from production mode to transport mode: Folding in the output conveyor 800 Folding in the position detection 230 including position sensors 231 Folding in the outer arms 207 (see Fig. 5) of the boundary and the feet 208 of the outer arms 207 of the boundary Folding in the inner arms 205 of the boundary of the log conveyor and the feet 206 of the inner arms 205 of the boundary Folding in the outer arms 203 of the log conveyor and the feet 208 of the outer arms 203 of the log conveyor Folding in the inner arms 201 of the log conveyor and the feet 202 of the inner arms 201 of the log conveyor Synchronous extension of all loading supports 140 (see Fig.4) until the desired vertical position of the container 100 is reached, whereby the container 100 thus remains leveled. Driving the vehicle under the container 100. Lowering the container by means of synchronous retraction of the loading supports 140 until contact with the ground is not detected for any of the loading supports 140, measuring the spatial position of the container 100 and aborting the lowering if the inclination of the container is outside the intended operating limits. Retracting all loading supports 140 to the retracted end position. Swiveling the four loading supports 140 into the container wall (see Fig. 3).

[0082] List of reference symbols: 1, 2, 3, 4 Log 12, 13, 14 Wooden block 15 Board 16 Square timber 17 Board 100 Container 111 Output flap 113 Intake flap 140 Loading supports 200 Log support 201 Inner arms of the log conveyor 202 Feet of the inner arms of the log conveyor 203 Outer arms of the log conveyor 204 Feet of the outer arms of the log conveyor 205 Inner arms of the limit 206 Feet of the inner arms of the limit 207 Outer arms of the limit 208 Feet of the outer arms of the limit 209 Conveyor chains 230 Position detection 231 Position sensors 400 Measuring device 410 Surveying portal 420 Guides 430 Camera with image recognition 500 Frame 509 Lifting carriage 510 Saw carriage 511 Milling cutter 512 Circular saw blades 520 Rear lifting grab 521 Lifting grab carriage 522 Lifting grab frame 530 Front Lifting grab 531 Lifting grab carriage 532 Lifting grab frame 600 Log saw 601 Clamping blocks 610 Log feeder 620 Log turner 631 Saw-side reversible fork 632 Clamp-side reversible fork 640 Form clamp 650 Clamp feed 660 Stops 700Resaw 710 Support surface 720 Log feed 721 Slider 722 Log clamp 730 Board feed 731 Board turner 732 Board clamp 740 Longitudinal saw 750 Ejector 760 Swivel arms 800 Output conveyor

Claims

A compact sawmill for processing tree trunks (1, 2, 3, 4), comprising a tree trunk support (200) for feeding tree trunks (1, 2, 3, 4) and a tree trunk saw (600) having at least one circular saw blade (512) and optionally also at least one milling cutter (511), wherein the tree trunk saw (600) is movable along the tree trunks (1, 2, 3, 4) to be processed, and the tree trunks (1, 2, 3, 4) are movable substantially in a conveying direction (F) transverse to the longitudinal direction of the tree trunks (1, 2, 3, 4), wherein preferably a cross-cut saw is further provided, characterized in that the at least one circular saw blade (512) is arranged vertically, and in that at least one clamping feed (650) is provided for clamping the tree trunk (1) in the tree trunk saw (600). which is displaceable in the conveying direction (F) and has clamping jaws arranged vertically one above the other, and that the compact sawmill is arranged in a container (100). Compact sawmill according to claim 1, characterized in that the compact sawmill has a measuring device (400) and the measuring device (400) preferably has at least one measuring portal (410) which is movable via a guide (420). Compact sawmill according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the compact sawmill has a log turner (620). Compact sawmill according to claims 2 and 3, characterized in that the measuring device (400) for monitoring the angle of rotation of the tree trunk (1) has at least one camera (430) and the measuring portal (410) is arranged only on one side of the tree trunk (1). Compact sawmill according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the tree trunk support (200) has a position detection device (230), which preferably has at least two position sensors (231). Compact sawmill according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the compact sawmill has at least one turning device. Compact sawmill according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the compact sawmill has a shape compensation which consists of at least two positionable stops (660). Compact sawmill according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the log saw (600) has two vertically arranged circular saw blades (512) in one and the same cutting plane, wherein the two circular saw blades (512) are offset in the cutting direction and overlap vertically, and has two milling cutters (511), wherein the height of the circular saw blades (512) and the milling cutters (511) is adjustable. Compact sawmill according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the log saw (600) is mounted on a saw carriage (510) which is movable along a frame (500) in the longitudinal direction of the log (1). Compact sawmill according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the compact sawmill is convertible between a production mode and a transport mode in which the container (100) fulfills the features of an international freight container, wherein the transport mode preferably has retracted loading supports (140) and the production mode has extended loading supports (140) and / or the transport mode preferably has a retracted / sunken log support (200) and the production mode has an extended log support (200) and / or preferably has an output conveyor (800) which is retracted in the transport mode and extended in the production mode. Compact sawmill according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the compact sawmill has at least one gripper for gripping, stabilizing and holding the block of wood (12) to be cut off during processing by the log saw (600). Compact sawmill according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the compact sawmill has a re-cutting saw (700) above or below the log saw (600). Compact sawmill according to claim 11 or 12, characterized in that the at least one gripper is a lifting gripper (520, 530), wherein the wood block (12) produced by the log saw (600) can be transported to the re-cutting saw (700) by the at least one, preferably the at least two lifting grippers (520, 530), wherein the wood block (12) can preferably be rotated by 90° by the lifting gripper(s) (520, 530). Compact sawmill according to claim 12 or 13, characterized in that at least one wood block feed (720) is provided in the region of the re-cutting saw (700), that preferably the at least one wood block feed (720) has clamping jaws arranged vertically one above the other and that particularly preferably the at least one wood block feed (720) is individually displaceable in the conveying direction (F). Compact sawmill according to one of claims 11 to 13, characterized in that in the region of the resaw (700) board clamps (732) are provided for clamping the board (15) produced in the resaw (700), and the board clamps (732) are preferably rotatable by 90°, so that the board (15) can be laid down in a stable position. A method of using the compact sawmill according to claim 15, the method comprising the following steps: Placing a tree trunk (1) on the tree trunk support (200); Conveying the tree trunk (1) into the measuring device (400), preferably by means of conveyor chains (209); Measuring the tree trunk (1) by means of the measuring device (400); Creating a cross-sectional image; Aligning by means of the shape compensation and fastening the tree trunk (1) by means of the at least one clamping feed (650); Cutting the tree trunk (1) with the tree trunk saw (600) according to the cutting pattern and gripping a resulting block of wood (12) by means of the lifting gripper or grippers (520, 530); Transporting the wood block (12) to the re-cutting saw (700) by means of the lifting gripper or grippers (520, 530); Fastening the wooden block (13) by means of the at least one wooden block feed (720) and sawing the wooden block (13) so that a board (15) is produced according to the cutting pattern; Issue of the board (15). Method for measuring the tree trunk (1) by means of the compact sawmill according to claims 2 and 3 and optionally one of claims 4 to 15, the method comprising: Placing the tree trunk (1); Measuring the first side of the tree trunk by means of the measuring device (400), which comprises at least one camera (430) and / or at least one laser scanner, wherein at least a part of the measuring device, preferably a laser scanner, is moved via a guide (420) along the longitudinal axis of the tree trunk (1); Rotating the tree trunk by the tree trunk turner (620) by approximately 180°, wherein the angle of rotation is detected by the measuring device (400), preferably by the camera (430) of the measuring device; Measuring the second side of the tree trunk (1) by means of the measuring device (400), wherein at least a part of the measuring device, preferably a laser scanner, is moved via a guide (420) along the longitudinal axis of the tree trunk (1); Creating a cross-sectional image based on the data from the measuring device.

Images