Heat-curable adhesive film and method for preparing the same
A heat-curable adhesive film with a polyurethane polymer and surface-deactivated isocyanate provides strong adhesion and reworkability, addressing the need for both properties in adhesive bonding.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2024/082103
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-03-18
- Publication Date
- 2025-09-25
AI Technical Summary
Existing heat-curable adhesive films face challenges in achieving strong adhesion after curing while also providing reworkability and chemical resistance.
Incorporating a polyurethane polymer with specific structural units and a surface-deactivated solid isocyanate into the adhesive film, along with a second polyurethane polymer, to enhance adhesion, reworkability, and chemical resistance.
The film achieves strong adhesion after curing, allows for easy removal and reassembly, and exhibits excellent chemical resistance.
Smart Images

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Figure PCTCN2024082103-FTAPPB-I100003
Abstract
Description
Heat-curable Adhesive Film and Method for Preparing the sameTechnical field
[0001] The present invention relates to a heat-curable adhesive film, a method for preparing the film, and an article comprising the cured adhesive film.Background of the invention
[0002] Heat-curable adhesive films have been used in numerous applications in various fields of industry. In particular, these films are used for assembling substrates by adhesive bonding.
[0003] By using the heat-curable adhesive film, adhesion of substrates can be deferred to desired moment and easily carried out by simple heating or thermal activation. Also, the heat-curable adhesive film can be used simply and rapidly without adhesive dispensing or coating device.
[0004] During bonding process, the adhesive film is placed between the substrates to be bonded and held in contact with them, then the assembly is heated at suitable temperature to thermally activate and cure the film. Usually, heating is conducted in relatively short time in order to prevent any thermal degradation of substrates. After cooling, an adhesive bonding is obtained.
[0005] In practice, there are contradictory needs for the adhesive bonding, on one hand, it is desired to obtain a strong adhesive bonding after activated and cured, on the other hand, it is also desired for the film to be easily removed if the substrates need to be reassembled, which is usually called reworkability.Summary of the invention
[0006] One object of the present invention is to provide a heat-curable adhesive film capable of providing a strong adhesion after cured and at the same time having excellent reworkability and excellent chemical resistance.
[0007] After intensive study, the inventors of the present invention have found that, by introducing a special polyurethane polymer to the adhesive film, excellent adhesion, excellent reworkability and excellent chemical resistance can be achieved.
[0008] In the first aspect, the present invention provides a heat-curable adhesive film comprising or consisting of:
[0009] (a) a surface-deactivated solid isocyanate,
[0010] (b) a fist polyurethane (PU) polymer having a functional group reactive with isocyanate, wherein the first PU polymer is prepared by using a polyol POHA comprising one or more structural units selected from formulae (I) to (III) :
[0011] -CH (OH) -CH2-X1-Y (I)
[0012] -CH (OH) -CH2-X2-CH2-CH (OH) - (II)
[0013] -CH (OH) -CH2-X1-Y1-X3-CH2-CH (OH) - (III)
[0014] in which
[0015] X1 represents -OC (=O) -, -S-, -NR1-, -OP (=O) (OR1) -O-, -OP (=O) (R1) -O-, -OP (=O) (R1) -, -O-P (OR1) -O-, -O-P (R1) -O-, -O-P (R1) -,
[0016] X2 represents -NR1-, -OP (=O) (OR1) -O-, -OP (=O) (R1) -O-, -O-P (OR1) -O-, -O-P (R1) -O-,
[0017] X3 represents -C (=O) O-, -S-, -NR1-, -OP (=O) (OR1) -O-, -OP (=O) (R1) -O-, -P (=O) (R1) -O-, -O-P (OR1) -O-, -O-P (R1) -O-, -P (R1) -O-,
[0018] in which R1 each independently represents a C1-C20 organic group or H,
[0019] Y is a C1-C30 monovalent organic group or H,
[0020] Y1 is a C1-C30 divalent organic group, with a proviso that Y1 is not -CH2-CH (OH) -,
[0021] (c) a second polyurethane (PU) polymer having a functional group reactive with isocyanate, wherein the second polyurethane is prepared by using a polyol component not comprising the polyol POHA;
[0022] (d) optionally an additive;
[0023] wherein the first polyurethane polymer and the second polyurethane polymer are contained in a mass ratio of from 25: 75 to 60: 40, preferably 30: 70 to 55: 45, more preferably 35: 65 to 50: 40, calculated based on solid contents.
[0024] In another aspect, the present invention provides a method for preparing the heat-curable adhesive film.
[0025] In still another aspect, the present invention provides an article comprising the cured adhesive film.
[0026] In still another aspect, the present invention also relates to use of the heat-curable adhesive film of the present invention for manufacturing an article.Detailed description of the invention
[0027] It is to be understood by one of ordinary skill in the art that the present discussion is a description of exemplary embodiments only and is not intended as limiting the broader aspects of the present invention. Each aspect so described may be combined with any other aspect (s) unless clearly indicated to the contrary. In particular, any feature indicated as being preferred or advantageous may be combined with any other feature or features indicated as being preferred or advantageous.
[0028] Unless specified otherwise, all wt. %or %by weight values quoted herein are percentages by weight.
[0029] Unless specified otherwise, as used herein, the terms “a” , “an” and “the” include both singular and plural referents.
[0030] The terms “comprising” and “comprises” as used herein are synonymous with “including” , “includes” or “containing” , “contains” , and are inclusive or open-ended and do not exclude additional, non-recited members, elements or process steps.
[0031] The term “consisting of” as used herein is close-ended and exclude additional, non-recited intentionally added members, elements or process steps.
[0032] The term “at least one” or “one or more” used herein to define a component refers to the type of the component, and not to the absolute number of molecules.
[0033] The terms “about” , “around” and the like used herein in connection with a numerical value refer to the numerical value ±10%, preferably ±5%. All numerical values herein should be interpreted as being modified by the term “about” .
[0034] Unless specified otherwise, the recitation of numerical end points includes all numbers and fractions subsumed within the respective ranges, as well as the recited end points.
[0035] Unless otherwise defined, all terms used in the present invention, including technical and scientific terms, have the meaning as commonly understood by one of the ordinary skilled in the art to which this invention belongs.
[0036] The term “heat-curable” used herein means that the film develops desired bonding properties upon heating above a given temperature (activation temperature) . Such heat-curable property is also called latent adhesive property. Upon heating above the activation temperature, crosslinking or curing reactions are activated and happened in the film. Usually, the film shows no sticky or little sticky but not enough for desired bonding at room temperature.
[0037] The term “heat-curable adhesive film” intends to mean a ready-to-use film, which upon heating above a given temperature can develop desired bonding strength.
[0038] The heat-curable adhesive film of the present invention is self-supporting, which means that the film maintains its integrity in the absence of any substrate. In the context of the present application, a release liner is not considered as a substrate.
[0039] Component (a) : surface-deactivated solid isocyanate
[0040] The term “surface-deactivated” means that reactive NCO groups on the particle surface are blocked with one or more blocking agents.
[0041] The term “solid isocyanate” used herein means that the isocyanate is in solid form, especially fine particles or powders. Preferably the fine particles or powders have an average particle size of less than 100 μm, preferably 1 nm -80 μm, more preferably 2 nm-50 μm, still more preferably 5 nm -20 μm, such as 5-50 nm, 8-30 nm, 1-15 μm, 2-10 μm, 3-8 μm, determined according to Laser diffraction method.
[0042] The term “room temperature” used herein means a temperature of 25 ± 2 ℃.
[0043] All isocyanates can be used to prepare the surface-deactivated solid isocyanate useful in the present invention, as long as they have a melting point of no less than 40 ℃, preferably no less than 60 ℃, more preferably no less than 80 ℃. Usually, solid isocyanates have active NCO functional groups on the surface which can react with reactive groups so as to form crosslinking linkages. In order to block or deactivate the NCO functional groups on the surface, a blocking agent can be used, for example, by dispersing the powder-like isocyanate in a solution of the blocking agent, or by adding the blocking agent or a solution thereof for dispersion of the solid isocyanate.
[0044] The isocyanates that can be used to prepare the surface-deactivated solid isocyanate useful in the present invention, for example, include aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, heterocylic or aromatic polyisocyanates, preferably diisocyanates. Specific examples thereof include, but not limited to, diphenyl methane-4, 4'-diisocyanate (4, 4'-MDI) , dimeric 4, 4'-MDI, napthalene-1, 5-diisocyanate (NDI) , 1, 4-phenylene diisocyanate, toluene-2, 4-diisocyanate (2, 4-TDI) , 3, 3'-dimeythyl-biphenyl-4, 4'-diisocyanate (TODI) , dimeric 1-methyl-2, 4-phenyl-4, 4'-diisocyanate. (dimer of 2, 4-TDI) , 3, 3'-diisocyanate-4, 4'-dimethyl-N, N'-diphenyl urea (TDIH) , isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) , the isocyanurate of isophoron diisoccyanate (trimer of IPDI) , or mixtures thereof. Preferred polyisocyanates are dimer of 2, 4-TDI, TDIH, trimer of IPDI. Particularly preferred is dimer of 2, 4-TDI.
[0045] The blocking agent, for example, can be selected from primary and secondary aliphatic amines, diamines or polyamines, hydrazine derivatives, amidines, guanidines, in particular, from ethylene diamine, 1, 3-propylene-diamine, diethylene triamine, triethylene tetramine, 2, 5-dimethyl-piperazine, 3, 3'-dimethyl-4, 4'-diamino -dicyloheyl methane, methyl nonane-diamine, isophoron diamine, 4, 4'-diaminodicyclohexyl methane, diamino and triamino polypropylene ether, polyamido amine, and mixtures thereof.
[0046] The surface-deactivated solid isocyanate can be prepared according to known methods in the art, for example the methods described in US 6,348,548B1 and US 2003 / 0119976A1, which are incorporated herein by its entirety.
[0047] The surface-deactivated solid isocyanate contained in the heat-curable adhesive film of the present invention can be derived from an aqueous suspension of a surface-deactivated solid isocyanate, for example, the surface-deactivated solid isocyanate constitutes 30-60 wt%, such as 35-55 wt%of the aqueous dispersion, based on the total weight of the aqueous dispersion.
[0048] The term “derived from” used herein means removing water contained in the aqueous dispersion, for example by evaporation, without triggering chemical reaction.
[0049] The surface-deactivated solid isocyanates in the heat-curable adhesive film of the present invention can be derived from commercially available products like Dispercoll BL XP 2514 available from Converstro; CARMOT BL-1045 (an aqueous dispersion containing about 40%TDI dimer, average particle size of 5-10 μm) , CARMOT BL-1041, CARMOT BL-1042 available from OSIC, and T9 SuperFine available from TSE.
[0050] All surface-deactivated solid isocyanates prepared by known methods and / or provided in powder form or in aqueous dispersion form can be used in the present invention to form the surface-deactivated solid isocyanate component (a) of the heat-curable adhesive film.
[0051] Component (b) : firstpolyurethane polymer
[0052] The first polyurethane (PU) polymer of the present invention has a functional group reactive with isocyanate. Examples of the functional group include hydroxyl, amino, carboxyl, amide group, -SH, and combinations thereof.
[0053] The first PU polymer of the present invention may be produced through conventional methods in the art, for example, by reacting a polyol component with a polyisocyanate, optionally further by chain-extending with a chain extender like short-chain diamines or short-chain diols or triols, and optionally terminated with a terminator, like monoalcohols and monoamines.
[0054] The term “polyol” used herein refers to a compound carrying two or more hydroxyl groups. An important feature of the first PU polymer is that a polyol comprising one or more structural units selected from formulae (I) to (III) is used in the preparation:
[0055] -CH (OH) -CH2-X1-Y (I)
[0056] -CH (OH) -CH2-X2-CH2-CH (OH) - (II)
[0057] -CH (OH) -CH2-X1-Y1-X3-CH2-CH (OH) - (III)
[0058] in which
[0059] X1 represents -OC (=O) -, -S-, -NR1-, -OP (=O) (OR1) -O-, -OP (=O) (R1) -O-, -OP (=O) (R1) -, -O-P (OR1) -O-, -O-P (R1) -O-, -O-P (R1) -,
[0060] X2 represents -NR1-, -OP (=O) (OR1) -O-, -OP (=O) (R1) -O-, -O-P (OR1) -O-, -O-P (R1) -O-,
[0061] X3 represents -C (=O) O-, -S-, -NR1-, -OP (=O) (OR1) -O-, -OP (=O) (R1) -O-, -P (=O) (R1) -O-, -O-P (OR1) -O-, -O-P (R1) -O-, -P (R1) -O-,
[0062] in which R1 each independently represents a C1-C20 organic group or H, and
[0063] Y is a C1-C30 monovalent organic group or H,
[0064] Y1 is a C1-C30 divalent organic group, with a proviso that Y1 is not -CH2-CH (OH) -.
[0065] Preferably, R1 in formulae (I) to (III) each independently represents an aliphatic group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an alicyclic group having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, an aromatic having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, or H, in which one or more carbon atoms of R1 can optionally be replaced with heteroatoms such as Si, O, N, P or S. Optionally, R1 can be a bridge group between two X1s, between two X2s, or between a X1 and a X2. More preferably, R1 in formulae (I) to (III) each independently represents an aliphatic group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, an alicyclic group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, an aromatic having 6 to 10 carbon atoms, or H. For example, R1 can be methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl, hexyl, cyclohexyl, phenyl, phenylmethyl, phenylethyl, or their divalent forms, or H.
[0066] Preferably, Y in formula (I) represents an aliphatic group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an alicyclic group having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, an aromatic group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, or H, in which one or more carbon atoms of Y can optionally be replaced with heteroatoms such as Si, O, N, P or S. For example, Y can be methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl, hexyl, H, cyclohexyl, phenyl, phenylmethyl, phenylethyl, -C1-C6 alkylene-Si (O-alkyl) n (alkyl) 3-n, in which n=0, 1, 2 or 3.
[0067] Preferably, Y1 in formula (III) represents a divalent form of the group Y, for example, divalent aliphatic group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a divalent alicyclic group having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, a divalent aromatic group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, in which one or more carbon atoms of Y’ can optionally be replaced with heteroatoms such as Si, O, N, P or S. For example, Y1 can be methylene, ethylene, propylene, butylene, pentylene, hexylene, cyclohexylene, phenylene, phenylmethylene or phenylethylene.
[0068] For example, the structural units of formulae (I) to (III) can be
[0069] -CH (OH) -CH2-S-C1-C6 alkylene-Si (O-C1-C6-alkyl) n (C1-C6-alkyl) 3-n, n=0, 1, 2, or 3,
[0070] -CH(OH) -CH2-NR1-C1-C6 alkylene -NH2,
[0071] -CH (OH) -CH2-NR1-C1-C6 alkylene-NR1-CH2-CH (OH) -,
[0072] -CH (OH) -CH2-O-P (=O) (OH) 2,
[0073] -CH (OH) -CH2-NR1-CH2-CH (OH) -,
[0074] -CH (OH) -CH2-O-P (=O) (OH) -O-CH2-CH (OH) -, or
[0075] in which R1 independently is methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl or hexyl or their divalent forms, or H.
[0076] The polyol comprising one or more structural units selected from formulae (I) to (III) is referred to as polyol POHA in the context of the present application, and can be obtained by reacting a mono / poly-functional epoxy resin (preferably poly-functional epoxy resin, especially difunctional-epoxy resin) with a nucleophilic or electrophilic compound having one or more active hydrogen atoms.
[0077] The mono / poly-functional epoxy resin can be any known epoxy resins in the art, including, but not limited to, aliphatic epoxy resins, alicyclic epoxy reins, aromatic epoxy resins, or mixtures thereof. Examples of the mono / poly-functional epoxy resin include, but not limited to, diglycidyl ethers of dihydric phenols and dihydric alcohols, such as diglycidyl ethers of aliphatic and cycloaliphatic diols, such as 1, 2-ethanediol, 1, 4-butanediol, 1, 6-hexanediol, 1, 8-octanediol, 1, 12–dodecanediol, cyclopentane diol and cyclohexane diol; bisphenol A based diglycidylethers (bisphenol A epoxy resins) ; bisphenol F diglycidyl ethers (bisphenol F epoxy resins) ; polyalkyleneglycol based diglycidyl ethers, in particular polypropyleneglycol diglycidyl ethers; and, polycarbonatediol based glycidyl ethers.
[0078] Preferably, the epoxy resins useful herein have an epoxy equivalent weight (EEW) of 100 to 700 g / eq, preferably 150 to 600 g / eq, more preferably 200 to 500 g / eq, determined according to ISO 3001: 1999.
[0079] Preferably, the mono / poly-functional epoxy resin has a weight average molecular weight (Mw) of 100-3000, preferably 300-2500, more preferably 500-2000, such as 200, 400, 600, 800, 1200, 1400, 1600, 1800, 2000, 2200, 2400, 2600, 2800, or any ranges between two listed values.
[0080] In the context of the present application, “weight average molecular weight” or “Mw” refers to a value as determined by Gel Permeation Chromatography (GPC) using linear polystyrene as standards, for example, performed by using Waters 2695 separation module with a Waters 2414 differential refractometer (RI detector) .
[0081] Commercially available epoxy resins useful herein include, but not limited to, Epoxy resin E-54, E-51, E-44, E-42, E-31, E-20 from Blue Star New Chemical Material Co., Ltd.
[0082] The nucleophilic or electrophilic compound having one or more active hydrogen atom, for example, can be compounds having -COOH, -OH, -NH2, -NHR, -SH, organic / inorganic acids containing heteroatom (like N, S, P) . For example, the nucleophilic or electrophilic compounds useful in the present invention can include, but not limited to, mono-carboxylic acids, bi-carboxylic acids, phosphorus-containing organic / inorganic acids (such as phosphoric acid, phosphonic acid, phosphinic acid, phosphorous acid, phosphonous acid, phosphinous acid) , primary / secondary amines, compounds containing -SH group (s) .
[0083] Addition reactions between an epoxy resin and a nucleophilic or electrophilic compound are known in the art, and can be happened, for example, as below:
[0084] Preferably, the polyol POHA can contain 1 to 10 structural units, more preferably 1 to 5 structural units, selected from formulae (I) to (III) , such as 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 structural units selected from formulae (I) to (III) .
[0085] Preferably, the polyol POHA useful herein has a weight average molecular weight (Mw) of 100-4000, preferably 500-3000, more preferably 1000-3000, such as 200, 400, 600, 800, 1200, 1400, 1600, 1800, 2000, 2200, 2400, 2600, 2800, 3000, 3200, 3400, 3600, 3800, or any ranges between two listed values.
[0086] In structural units of formulae (I) to (III) , the groups Y, Y1, X1, X2, X3 come from the nucleophilic or electrophilic compound, the groups -CH (OH) -CH2-and -CH2-CH (OH) -come from the epoxy resin.
[0087] The first PU polymer of the present invention can be prepared using a polyol component comprising the polyol POHA and one or more conventional polyols different from the polyol POHA, and hereinafter conventional polyols are referred to as polyol POHB.
[0088] The polyol POHB differs from the polyol POHA in that the polyol POHB does not contain the structural unit of formula (I) or (II) or (III) .
[0089] Examples of the polyol POHB include polycarbonate polyols, polyester polyols, polyether polyols, or mixtures thereof. Preferably, the polyol POHB is selected from polycarbonate polyols, polyester polyols or mixtures thereof. Most preferably, the polyol POHB is selected from polycarbonate polyols or mixtures thereof.
[0090] Preferably, the polyol POHB useful herein has a weight average molecular weight (Mw) of 100-4000, preferably 500-3000, more preferably 700-2000, such as 200, 400, 600, 800, 1200, 1400, 1600, 1800, 2000, 2200, 2400, 2600, 2800, 3000, 3200, 3400, 3600, 3800, or any ranges between two listed values.
[0091] Suitable polycarbonate polyols for preparing the first PU polymer may be produced by reacting a carbonate compound with a diol. Examples of the carbonate compound include dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, diphenyl carbonate, ethylene carbonate, diethylene carbonate and the like. Examples of the diol include an aliphatic diol; an alicyclic diol such as cyclohexanediol, a hydrogenated xylene glycol, etc.; and an aromatic diol such as xylylene glycol, etc. Among these diols, preferred is an aliphatic diol, and more preferred is an aliphatic diol having a carbon chain length of not less than 4 and not more than 9, such as 1, 4-butanediol, 3-methyl-1, 5-pentanediol, 1, 6-hexanediol, heptanediol, octanediol, nonanediol, etc.
[0092] Commercially available polycarbonate polyols for example can be used in preparing the first PU polymer of the present invention. Examples of the commercially available polycarbonate polyols useful herein include, but not limited to, DURANOL T4672, DURANOL T4671, DURANOL T4692, DURANOL T4691, DURANOL G3450J, DURANOL G3452 from AsahiKASEI.
[0093] Suitable polyester polyols for preparing the first PU polymer may be produced by subjecting a low-molecular diol and a dicarboxylic acid to condensation reaction. Examples of the low-molecular diol include diols having not less than 2 and not more than 6 carbon atoms, such as ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, propylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, 1, 4-butanediol, etc. Among these low-molecular diols, preferred are ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, 1, 4- butanediol and the like. Examples of the dicarboxylic acid include aliphatic dibasic acids such as succinic acid, glutaric acid, adipic acid, pimelic acid, suberic acid, azelaic acid, sebacic acid, brassylic acid, etc.; and aromatic dibasic acids such as isophthalic acid, terephthalic acid, naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, etc. Among these dicarboxylic acids, preferred are aliphatic dibasic acids, and more preferred are dibasic acids having a methylene chain length of not less than 4 and not more than 8, such as adipic acid, pimelic acid, suberic acid, azelaic acid, sebacic acid, etc.
[0094] Commercially available polyester polyols for example can be used in preparing the first PU polymer of the present invention. Examples of the commercially available polyester polyols useful herein include, but not limited to, Dynacoll 7000, Dynacoll 7380, Dynacoll 7360, Dynacoll 7250 from EVONIK.
[0095] Suitable polyether polyols for preparing the first PU polymer may be prepared by the reaction of suitable starting compounds which contain reactive hydrogen atoms with alkylene oxides such as, for example, ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, butylene oxide, styrene oxide, tetrahydrofuran, epichlorohydrin, and mixtures thereof. Suitable starting compounds containing reactive hydrogen atoms include compounds such as, for example, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, butylene glycol, hexanediol, octanediol, neopentyl glycol, cyclohexanedimethanol, 2-methyl-1, 3-propanediol, 2, 2, 4-trimethyl-1, 3-pentanediol, triethylene glycol, tetraethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, dibutylene glycol, polybutylene glycol, glycerine, trimethylolpropane, pentaerythritol, water, methanol, ethanol, 1, 2, 6-hexane triol, 1, 2, 4-butane triol, trimethylolethane, mannitol, sorbitol, methyl glycoside, sucrose, phenol, resorcinol, hydroquinone, 1, 1, 1-or 1, 1, 2-tris-(hydroxyphenyl) -ethane, etc.
[0096] Commercially available polyether polyols for example can be used in preparing the first PU polymer of the present invention. Examples of the commercially available polyether polyols useful herein include, but not limited to, Voranol P400, Voranol 2120, Voranol 2110 from Dow, PPG 600.
[0097] Any polyisocyanates conventionally used for preparing PU polymers can be used for preparing the first PU polymer without any particular limitation. For example, suitable polyisocyanates for producing the first PU polymer include a chain-like aliphatic diisocyanate such as tetramethylene diisocyanate, 1, 6-hexamethylene diisocyanate, dodecamethylene diisocyanate, trimethyl hexamethylene diisocyanate, lysine diisocyanate, etc.; an aliphatic diisocyanate having a cyclic structure such as isophorone diisocyanate, a hydrogenated xylylene diisocyanate, dicyclohexylmethane 4, 4’-diisocyanate, etc.; an aromatic ring-containing aliphatic diisocyanate such as xylylene diisocyanate, tetramethyl xylylene diisocyanate, etc.; an aromatic diisocyanate such as tolylene diisocyanate, diphenylmethane diisocyanate, etc.; and modified products of these diisocyanates (such as carbodiimide-, uretdione-and uretimine-containing modified products, etc. ) , and the like. Among these polyisocyanates, preferred are an aliphatic diisocyanate and an aromatic diisocyanate.
[0098] In preferred embodiments, the first PU polymer preferably contains an acid group or its salt forms from the viewpoint of improving dispersion stability thereof in an aqueous medium as well as from the viewpoint of improving storage stability of the aqueous dispersion. As for the acid group of the first PU polymer, preferred is a carboxyl group or its salt forms. The carboxyl group can be introduced to the first PU polymer by using a dialkanol carboxylic acid (preferably di-C1-C5-alkanol C1-C10-carboxylic acid, more preferably di-C1-C3-alkanol C1-C6-carboxylic acid) during addition reaction of the polyol component with the NCO component. Examples of the dialkanol carboxylic acid include, but not limited to, dimethylol butanoic acid, dimethylol propionic acid, dimethylol acetic acid, di (hydroxyethyl) butanoic acid, di (hydroxyethyl) propionic acid, di (hydroxyethyl) acetic acid, di (hydroxypropyl) butanoic acid, di (hydroxypropyl) propionic acid, di (hydroxypropyl) acetic acid, and salts of these acids, and the like.
[0099] The first PU polymer does not contain any reactive -NCO group in the molecular chain.
[0100] Chain extenders that can be used in the first PU polymer preparation are those conventionally used in the art, for example, a short-chain diol and / or a short-chain diamine.
[0101] The useful short-chain diols comprise compounds with a number-average molecular weight of less than 500, including aliphatic glycols such as ethylene glycol, 1, 2-propanediol, 1, 3-propanediol, 1, 3-butanediol, 1, 4-butanediol, 1, 5-pentanediol, 1, 6-hexanediol, neopentyl glycol, and alkylene oxide low-molecular-weight adducts. Alkylene ether glycols such as diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, and dipropylene glycol also fall under this category. Alicyclic glycols, aromatic glycols, bisphenols, and alkyldialkanolamines are included as well.
[0102] The useful short-chain diamines encompasses aliphatic diamine compounds (e.g., ethylene diamine, trimethylenediamine, hexamethylenediamine, octamethylenediamine) , aromatic diamine compounds (e.g., phenylenediamine, 3, 3’-dichloro-4, 4’-diaminodiphenylmethane, 4, 4’-methylenebis (phenylamine) , 4, 4’-diaminodiphenyl ether, 4, 4’-diaminodiphenyl sulfone) , alicyclic diamine compounds (e.g., cyclopentanediamine, cyclohexyldiamine, 4, 4-diaminodicyclohexylmethane, 1, 4-diaminocyclohexane, 1, 3-bisaminomethylcyclohexane, isophorone diamine) , and hydrazines (e.g., hydrazine, carbodihydrazide, adipic acid dihydrazide, sebacic acid dihydrazide, phthalic acid dihydrazide) .
[0103] Preferably, the first PU polymer is prepared using a polyol component comprising or consisting of the polyol POHA and a polycarbonate polyol.
[0104] More preferably, the first PU polymer is prepared using a polyol component comprising or consisting of the polyol POHA and a polycarbonate polyol together with an acid group-containing chain-extender, wherein the acid group is optionally neutralized by a base to form a salt.
[0105] More preferably, the first PU polymer is prepared using a polyol component comprising or consisting of the polyol POHA and a polycarbonate polyol together with a dialkanol carboxylic acid (preferably di-C1-C5-alkanol C1-C10-carboxylic acid, more preferably di-C1-C3-alkanol C1-C6-carboxylic acid) , wherein the carboxylic acid group is optionally neutralized by a base to form a salt.
[0106] Preferably, the polyol POHA constitutes 0.1-20 wt%, preferably 1-10 wt%, such as 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18 wt%of the polyol component for preparing the first PU polymer, based on the total weight of the polyol component.
[0107] The first PU polymer can be a single polymer or a mixture of different first PU polymers.
[0108] In preferred embodiments of the present invention, the weight average molecular weight (Mw) of the first PU polymer may be at least 2,000, preferably 5,000-250,000, more preferably 20,000-200,000, particularly preferably 25,000-120,000.
[0109] The first PU polymer in the heat-curable adhesive composition of the present invention is derived from an aqueous dispersion thereof. The term “derived from” used herein means removing water contained in the aqueous dispersion, for example by evaporation, without triggering chemical reaction.
[0110] Preferably, the first PU polymer is derived from an aqueous dispersion of the first PU polymer. For example, the first PU polymer constitutes 20-50 wt%, such as 25-40 wt%of the aqueous dispersion, based on the total weight of the aqueous dispersion.
[0111] Component (c) : second PU polymer
[0112] The second polyurethane (PU) polymer of the present invention can be any conventional PU polymer other than the first PU polymer, as long as the PU polymer has a functional group reactive with isocyanate. Examples of the functional group include hydroxyl, amino, carboxyl, amide group, -SH, and combinations thereof.
[0113] The second PU polymer of the present invention may be produced through conventional methods in the art, for example, by reacting a polyol component with a polyisocyanate, optionally further by chain-extending with a chain extender like short-chain diamines or short-chain diols or triols, and optionally terminated with a terminator like monoalcohols and monoamines.
[0114] The second PU polymer differs from the first PU polymer in that the second PU polymer is not prepared using the polyol POHA, that is, the polyol POHA is not an ingredient of the polyol component for preparing the second PU polymer. On the contrary, the second PU polymer is prepared using the polyol POHB as the polyol component.
[0115] The polyol POHB useful herein is not particularly limited as long as it contains two or more hydroxyl groups in one molecule. Examples of the polyol POHB include polycarbonate polyols, polyester polyols, polyether polyols, or mixtures thereof.
[0116] Suitable polycarbonate polyols for preparing the second PU polymer may be produced by reacting a carbonate compound with a diol. Examples of the carbonate compound include dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, diphenyl carbonate, ethylene carbonate, diethylene carbonate and the like. Examples of the diol include an aliphatic diol; an alicyclic diol such as cyclohexanediol, a hydrogenated xylene glycol, etc.; and an aromatic diol such as xylylene glycol, etc. Among these diols, preferred is an aliphatic diol, and more preferred is an aliphatic diol having a carbon chain length of not less than 4 and not more than 9, such as 1, 4-butanediol, 3-methyl-1, 5-pentanediol, 1, 6-hexanediol, heptanediol, octanediol, nonanediol, etc.
[0117] Suitable polyester polyols for preparing the second PU polymer may be produced by subjecting a low-molecular diol and a dicarboxylic acid to condensation reaction. Examples of the low-molecular diol include diols having not less than 2 and not more than 6 carbon atoms, such as ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, propylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, 1, 4-butanediol, etc. Among these low-molecular diols, preferred are ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, 1, 4-butanediol and the like. Examples of the dicarboxylic acid include aliphatic dibasic acids such as succinic acid, glutaric acid, adipic acid, pimelic acid, suberic acid, azelaic acid, sebacic acid, brassylic acid, etc.; and aromatic dibasic acids such as isophthalic acid, terephthalic acid, naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, etc. Among these dicarboxylic acids, preferred are aliphatic dibasic acids, and more preferred are dibasic acids having a methylene chain length of not less than 4 and not more than 8, such as adipic acid, pimelic acid, suberic acid, azelaic acid, sebacic acid, etc.
[0118] Suitable polyether polyols for preparing the second PU polymer may be prepared by the reaction of suitable starting compounds which contain reactive hydrogen atoms with alkylene oxides such as, for example, ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, butylene oxide, styrene oxide, tetrahydrofuran, epichlorohydrin, and mixtures thereof. Suitable starting compounds containing reactive hydrogen atoms include compounds such as, for example, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, butylene glycol, hexanediol, octanediol, neopentyl glycol, cyclohexanedimethanol, 2-methyl-1, 3-propanediol, 2, 2, 4-trimethyl-1, 3-pentanediol, triethylene glycol, tetraethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, dibutylene glycol, polybutylene glycol, glycerine, trimethylolpropane, pentaerythritol, water, methanol, ethanol, 1, 2, 6-hexane triol, 1, 2, 4-butane triol, trimethylolethane, mannitol, sorbitol, methyl glycoside, sucrose, phenol, resorcinol, hydroquinone, 1, 1, 1-or 1, 1, 2-tris-(hydroxyphenyl) -ethane, etc.
[0119] Suitable polyisocyanates for preparing the second PU polymer include a chain-like aliphatic diisocyanate such as tetramethylene diisocyanate, 1, 6-hexamethylene diisocyanate, dodecamethylene diisocyanate, trimethyl hexamethylene diisocyanate, lysine diisocyanate, etc.; an aliphatic diisocyanate having a cyclic structure such as isophorone diisocyanate, a hydrogenated xylylene diisocyanate, dicyclohexylmethane 4, 4’-diisocyanate, etc.; an aromatic ring-containing aliphatic diisocyanate such as xylylene diisocyanate, tetramethyl xylylene diisocyanate, etc.; an aromatic diisocyanate such as tolylene diisocyanate, diphenylmethane diisocyanate, etc.; and modified products of these diisocyanates (such as carbodiimide-, uretdione-and uretimine-containing modified products, etc. ) , and the like. Among these polyisocyanates, preferred are an aliphatic diisocyanate and an aromatic diisocyanate.
[0120] The second PU polymer suitable for the present application does not contain any reactive NCO group in the molecular chain.
[0121] Preferably, the second PU polymer in the heat-curable adhesive composition of the present invention is derived from an aqueous dispersion of the second PU polymer. The term “derived from” used herein means removing water contained in the aqueous dispersion, for example by evaporation, without triggering chemical reaction.
[0122] Preferably, the aqueous dispersion of the second PU polymer is an anionic aqueous dispersion. Preferably, the second PU polymer is anionically modified, or at least a part of the second PU polymer is anionically modified. Moreover, the second PU polymer can be dispensed in an aqueous solution containing an anionic surfactant.
[0123] In some embodiments, the second PU polymer preferably contains an acid group or its salt forms from the viewpoint of improving dispersion stability thereof in an aqueous medium as well as from the viewpoint of improving storage stability of the aqueous dispersion. As for the acid group of the second PU polymer, preferred is a carboxyl group or its salt forms.
[0124] Chain extenders that can be used in the second PU polymer are those conventionally used in the art, for example, a short-chain diol and / or a short-chain diamine.
[0125] The useful short-chain diols comprise compounds with a number-average molecular weight of less than 500, including aliphatic glycols such as ethylene glycol, 1, 2-propanediol, 1, 3-propanediol, 1, 3-butanediol, 1, 4-butanediol, 1, 5-pentanediol, 1, 6-hexanediol, neopentyl glycol, and alkylene oxide low-molecular-weight adducts. Alkylene ether glycols such as diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, and dipropylene glycol also fall under this category. Alicyclic glycols, aromatic glycols, bisphenols, and alkyldialkanolamines are included as well.
[0126] The useful short-chain diamines encompasses aliphatic diamine compounds (e.g., ethylene diamine, trimethylenediamine, hexamethylenediamine, octamethylenediamine) , aromatic diamine compounds (e.g., phenylenediamine, 3, 3’-dichloro-4, 4’-diaminodiphenylmethane, 4, 4’-methylenebis (phenylamine) , 4, 4’-diaminodiphenyl ether, 4, 4’-diaminodiphenyl sulfone) , alicyclic diamine compounds (e.g., cyclopentanediamine, cyclohexyldiamine, 4, 4-diaminodicyclohexylmethane, 1, 4-diaminocyclohexane, 1, 3-bisaminomethylcyclohexane, isophorone diamine) , and hydrazines (e.g., hydrazine, carbodihydrazide, adipic acid dihydrazide, sebacic acid dihydrazide, phthalic acid dihydrazide) .
[0127] The second PU polymer can be a single polymer or a mixture thereof.
[0128] In preferred embodiments of the present invention, the weight average molecular weight (Mw) of the second PU polymer may be at least 2,000, preferably 5,000-250,000, particularly preferably 20,000-200,000.
[0129] Preferably, the second PU polymer is derived from aqueous PU dispersion, more preferably from anionic aqueous PU dispersion. For example, the second PU polymer constitutes 30-60 wt%, such as 35-55 wt%of the aqueous dispersion, based on the total weight of the aqueous dispersion.
[0130] The second PU polymer of the present invention can be derived from one or more commercially available aqueous PU dispersions, such as Adwel 1676, Adwel 1665A, Adwel 1663, Adwel 1630C available from Wanhua Chemistry, ESACOTE PU 6419 and ESACOTEPU A32D available from Lamberti, NH-102U available from Sam Myung Bio Chem Co., Ltd, ESACOTEPU A32D available from DSM, and DISPERCOLL U XP 2682, DISPERCOLL U XP 2612, DISPERCOLL U XP 2643, DISPERCOLL U XP 2849, DISPERCOLL U 2824 XP, DISPERCOLL U 53, DISPERCOLL U 56, available from COVESTRO.
[0131] Additives
[0132] In order to facilitate the preparation of the heat-curable adhesive film and to impart further beneficial properties, the film may comprise one or more additives, for example, selected from catalysts, preservatives, pH modifiers, adhesion promoters, tackifiers, pigments, surfactants, antifoaming agents, defoaming agents, fungicides, bactericides, wetting and dispersing agents, thickening agents and stabilizers (e.g. antioxidants) , fillers (e.g. carbonates, talc, starch) , insulative materials (e.g. mineral fillers, glass microbubbles) , rheology modifiers, electrically conductive materials (e.g. various metals (e.g. silver) ) , and combinations thereof. If present, each additive can be contained in an amount of no more than 1 wt%in relative to the weight of the heat-curable adhesive film.
[0133] In one embodiment, the additive is selected from a defoaming agent, a wetting and dispersing agent, a thickening agent, a pigment, or mixtures thereof.
[0134] The defoaming agent in the heat-curable adhesive film can be selected from or can be derived from commercial products, for example, BYK-017, BYK-019, BYK-023, BYK-028, BYK-081, BYK-1707, available from BYK.
[0135] The wetting and dispersing agent in the heat-curable adhesive film can be selected from or can be derived from commercial products, for example, DISPERBYK-180, DISPERBYK-184, DISPERBYK-185, DISPERBYK-2012, DISPERBYK-2013, DISPERBYK-2055, available from BYK.
[0136] The thickening agent in the heat-curable adhesive film can be selected from or can be derived from commercial products, for example, RHEOBYK-7600, RHEOBYK-H 7500 VF, RHEOBYK-H 7625 VF, RHEOBYK-T 1010 VF, available from BYK.
[0137] The term “derived from” used herein means removing water contained in the additive (s) , for example by evaporation, without triggering chemical reaction.
[0138] In the heat-curable adhesive film of the present invention, the first PU polymer, the second PU polymer and the surface-deactivated solid isocyanate together constitute greater than 90 wt%, preferably greater than 92 wt%, more preferably greater than 95 wt%in relative to the weight of the heat-curable adhesive film.
[0139] In the heat-curable adhesive film of the present invention, the surface-deactivated solid isocyanate is contained in an amount of 0.1-10 parts by weight, preferably 0.2-7 parts by weight, more preferably 0.5-5 parts by weight, such as 0.3, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0, 1.2, 1.4, 1.6, 1.8, 2.2, 2.5, 2.8, 3.0, 3.2, 3.5, 3.8, 4.0, 4.2, 4.5, 4.8, 5.0, 5.2, 5.5, 5.8, 6.0, 6.2, 6.5, 6.8, 7.0, 7.2, 7.5, 7.8, 8.0, 8.2, 8.5, 8.8, 9.0, 9.2, 9.5, 9.8 parts by weight, each in relative to 100 parts by weight of the first and second PU polymers.
[0140] In the heat-curable adhesive film of the present invention, the first PU polymer and the second PU polymer are contained in a mass ratio of from 25: 75 to 60: 40, preferably 30: 70 to 55: 45, more preferably 35: 65 to 50: 40, calculated based on solid content.
[0141] Process for preparing the heat-curable adhesive film
[0142] The heat-curable adhesive film of the present invention can be prepared via a method, for example, comprising the following steps:
[0143] (i) mixing the following substances together under stirring to form a mixture;
[0144] - an aqueous dispersion of the surface-deactivated solid isocyanate,
[0145] - an aqueous dispersion of the first PU polymer,
[0146] - an aqueous dispersion of the second PU polymer,
[0147] - optionally an additive,
[0148] (ii) coating the mixture onto a release liner to form an aqueous film; and
[0149] (iii) evaporating water from the aqueous film without triggering crosslinking or curing reaction among the substances, until a water content of no more than 5 wt%, preferably no more than 3 wt%, in relative to the weight of the film, so as to obtain the heat-curable adhesive film.
[0150] Mixing of the substances can be done in any suitable order without particular limitation, as long as a uniform mixture suitable for coating can be obtained.
[0151] The substances used in the method have the same meaning as those described for the heat-curable adhesive film.
[0152] Before the step of coating, a vacuum can be optionally applied as to remove air bubbles, if any, trapped in the mixture.
[0153] Coating of the mixture can be preformed by various known methods, such as spiral coating, splatter coating, rolling coating, slot coating, gravure coating, pattern coating, and so on.
[0154] Evaporating water can be performed by various known methods, as long as no crosslinking or curing reaction is triggered and the water content can be reduced down to no more than 5 wt%, preferably no more than 3 wt%. For example, the aqueous film can pass through a drying device, such as drying tunnel, for example, under a temperature of 40-65 ℃, more preferably 40-60℃, with proviso that the film itself does not reach a temperature of higher than 65 ℃.
[0155] After the water content reaches desired value, the obtained heat-curable adhesive film can be cooled to room temperature, optionally by passing through a chilling tunnel, or a chilling roller. Then, the chilled heat-curable adhesive film can be wounded up and stored for later use.
[0156] Article
[0157] The present invention also provides an article comprising the cured adhesive film of the present invention. Specifically, the article comprises a first substrate, a second substrate, and the cured adhesive film according to the present invention disposed between and in contact with the first substrate and the second substrate.
[0158] The first and second substrates can be of a single material and a single layer or multiple layers of the same or different material. The layers can be continuous or discontinuous.
[0159] The substrates of the article described herein can have a variety of properties, including rigidity (e.g., rigid substrates, i.e., the substrate cannot be bent by an individual using two hands or will break if an attempt is made to bend the substrate with two hands) , flexibility (e.g., flexible substrates, i.e., the substrate can be bent using no greater than the force of two hands) , porosity, conductivity, lack of conductivity, and combinations thereof.
[0160] The substrates of the article can be in a variety of forms including, e.g., fibers, threads, yarns, wovens, nonwovens, films (e.g., polymer film, metalized polymer film, continuous films, discontinuous films, and combinations thereof) , foils (e.g., metal foil) , sheets (e.g., metal sheet, polymer sheet, continuous sheets, discontinuous sheets, and combinations thereof) , and combinations thereof.
[0161] In some embodiments, at least one of the substrates can be selected from metals, such as anodic aluminum, metal firing pastes, tin, molybdenum, silver, conductive metal oxides such as indium tin oxide (ITO) , fluorine-doped tin oxide, aluminum doped zinc oxide, etc., glasses such as inked glass, bare glass, resins such as polycarbonate, polybutylene, terephthalate and polyamide. Further, suitable metals include copper, gold, palladium, platinum, aluminum, indium, silver-coated copper, silver-coated aluminum, tin, and tin-coated copper. Preferably, both substrates are selected from one of the materials mentioned above.
[0162] According to an alternative form of this preferred embodiment, the article can be multi-layer by laminating more substrates using the adhesive film according to the present invention.
[0163] The article can be prepared by contacting the first substrate with a first major surface of the heat-curable adhesive film after removing the release liner, if any, contacting the second substrate with a second major surface of the heat-curable adhesive film after removing the release liner, if any, such that the second major surface of the heat-curable adhesive film is in direct contact with the second substrate to form an assembly, and applying heat at a temperature of 65-100 ℃, preferably 68-90 ℃, more preferably 70-80 ℃, optionally applying a pressure of 0.5 to 6 bars by pressing the assembly, for a sufficient time (for example, 2-30 minutes) to fully cure the adhesive film such that the two substrates adhere together to form the article.
[0164] In another embodiment, the article can be prepared in two stages, at the first stage, a first substrate can be contacted with the first major surface of the heat-curable adhesive film to form a pre-laminate. In order to form the pre-laminate, heating may be optionally applied to the film before or after the contact between the first substrate and the adhesive film, but the heat applied is merely to make the film sticky enough to adhere to the first substrate but not to trigger fully cure of the film. After pre-lamination, the pre-laminate can be stored or transported at room temperature. At the second stage, the pre-laminate is applied with a second substrate such that a second major surface of the film is in direct contact with the second substrate to form an assembly, then the assembly is heated at a temperature of 65-100 ℃, preferably 68- 90 ℃, more preferably 70-80 ℃, optionally applying a pressure of 0.5 to 6 bars by pressing to the assembly, for a sufficient time (for example, 2-30 minutes) to fully cure the adhesive film such that the two substrates adhere together to form the article.
[0165] As will be understood, the time and temperature curing profile for the heat-curable adhesive film according to the present invention will vary, depending on thickness of the film and components used in the film, and can be designed to provide the curing profile suited to the particularly industrial manufacturing process.
[0166] Use
[0167] The present invention also relates to use of the heat-curable adhesive film for manufacturing the article, such as automobile parts, truck bed covers, textile laminations, assembled goods, and electronic devices.
[0168] The heat-curable adhesive film is useful in a variety of applications including, e.g., temporarily bonding at least one substrate, permanently bonding at least one substrate or two substrates, protecting a substrate, inhibiting or preventing the movement of a first substrate relative to a second substrate, and a combination thereof. The heat-curable adhesive film is also useful in various processes, including manufacturing processes (e.g., bonding two parts of an article together and maintaining two parts in fixed relation to one another during the manufacturing process) , shipping processes, stacking techniques, and combinations thereof.
[0169] The suitable electronic devices include but are not limited to, e.g., wearable electronic devices (e.g., wristwatches and eyeglasses) , handheld electronic devices (e.g., phones like cellular telephones and smartphones, cameras, tablets, electronic readers, monitors (e.g., monitors used in hospitals, and by healthcare workers, athletes and individuals) , watches, calculators, mice, touch pads, and joysticks) , computers (e.g., desktop and laptop computers) , computer monitors, televisions, media players, or other electronic components.
[0170] Examples
[0171] The invention will now be described by way of the following examples. The following examples are intended to assist one skilled in the art to better understand and practice the present invention. The scope of the invention is not limited by the examples but is defined in the appended claims. All parts and percentages are based on weight unless otherwise stated. In all examples, the same name refers to the same substance.
[0172] Raw materials used in the examples:
[0173] Adwel 1676 is an anionic aqueous PU dispersion having a solid content of about 50%and Mw of the PU polymer being from 50,000 g / mol to 80,000 g / mol, available from Wanhua Chemistry;
[0174] Dispercoll U53 is an anionic aqueous PU dispersion having a solid content of about 40%, molecular weight being about 50000 g / mol available from Convestro;
[0175] Dispercoll U56 is an anionic aqueous PU dispersion having a solid content of about 50%, molecular weight being about 73600 g / mol available from Convestro;
[0176] Dispercoll U 2824 XP is an aqueous carboxy group-containing PU dispersion having a solid content of about 40%, molecular weight being about 42900 g / mol, available from Convestro;
[0177] CARMOT BL-1045 is an aqueous dispersion containing about 40%TDI dimer with an NCO content of 7 wt%to 8 wt%, available from OSIC;
[0178] Dispercoll BL XP 2514 is an aqueous dispersion containing about 40%TDI dimer with an NCO content of 7.5 wt%to 11 wt%, available from Convestro;
[0179] BYK-017 is a defoamer from BYK;
[0180] DISPERBYK-180 is a wetting and dispersing agent from BYK;
[0181] RHEOBYK-7600 is a thickening agent from BYK.
[0182] Trihexyl phosphate, from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd.
[0183] Tributyl acid phosphate, from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd.
[0184] PUD-P, PUD-N and PUD-Swere prepared as below.
[0185] PUD-P preparation
[0186] 200 g of orthophosphoric acid and 100g of propylene glycol monomethyl ether (as solvent) were slowly added into 1250g of bisphenol A epoxy resin having an epoxy equivalent weight of 500 g / eq, and the system was kept at 95 ℃ for 2 hours. After the reaction, the system was cooled to room temperature, and a polyol POHA-P was obtained having a Mw of 2000~3000, and the mixture having a solid content of about 90%.
[0187] 100 g of a polycarbonate polyol (DURANOL G3452, number average molecular weight 2000, functional groups of 2.0, hydroxyl value of 56) , 20g of the polyol POHA-P obtained above (calculated based on solid content) , 15 g of dimethylol propionic acid, 140 g of 4, 4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate reacted in a solvent (1, 2-dimethoxypropane) at 80 ℃ for 2.5 hours, then cooled down to 55 ℃, afterwards, 16g of triethylamine (as a neutralizing agent) were added. Then, water of room temperature was added to the system optionally together with a chain extender of ethylene diamine, and the PU-P having a Mw of about 60000 g / mol was obtained, and the obtained aqueous dispersion PUD-P had a solid content of about 32%.
[0188] PUD-S preparation
[0189] 100 of 3-mercaptopropyltriethoxysilane ( A-1891) and 80g of propylene glycol monomethyl ether (as solvent) were loaded into 1000 ml round bottom four-necks flask and heated at 90 ℃, then 520g of bisphenol A epoxy liquid resin having an epoxy equivalent weight of 500 g / eq were slowly added, and the system was kept at 75 ℃ for 3 hours. After the reaction, the system was cooled to room temperature, and a polyol POHA-Swas obtained having a Mw of 1000~2000, and the mixture having a solid content of about 85%.
[0190] 100 g of a polycarbonate polyol (DURANOL G3452, number average molecular weight 2000, functional groups of 2.0, hydroxyl value of 56) , 10g of the polyol POHA-Sobtained above (calculated based on solid content) , 15g of dimethylol propionic acid, 120g of 4, 4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate reacted in a solvent (1, 2-dimethoxypropane) at 80 ℃ for 2.5 hours, then cooled down to 55 ℃, afterwards, 16g of triethylamine (as a neutralizing agent) were added. Then, water of room temperature was added to the system optionally together with a chain extender of ethylene diamine, and the PU-Shaving a Mw of about 80000 g / mol was obtained, and the obtained aqueous dispersion PUD-Shad a solid content of about 32%.
[0191] PUD-N preparation
[0192] 40 g of 1, 6-diaminohexane and 80g of propylene glycol monomethyl ether (as solvent) were loaded into 1000 ml round bottom four-necks flask and heated at 90 ℃, then 520g of bisphenol A epoxy liquid resin having an epoxy equivalent weight of 500 g / eq were slowly added, and the system was kept at 45 ℃ for 1 hour. After the reaction, the system was cooled to room temperature, and a polyol POHA-N was obtained having a Mw of 1000~3000, and the mixture having a solid content of about 85%.
[0193] 200 g of a polycarbonate polyol (DURANOL G3452, number average molecular weight 2000, functional groups of 2.0, hydroxyl value of 56) , 8g of the polyol POHA-N obtained above (calculated based on solid content) , 20 g of dimethylol propionic acid, 120 g of 4, 4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate reacted in a solvent (1, 2-dimethoxypropane) at 80 ℃ for 2.5 hours, then cooled down to 55 ℃, afterwards, 21g of triethylamine (as a neutralizing agent) were added. Then, water of room temperature was added to the system optionally together with a chain extender of ethylene diamine, and the PU-N having a Mw of about 70000 g / mol was obtained, and the obtained aqueous dispersion PUD-N had a solid content of about 32%.
[0194] Test Methods
[0195] Push-out strength
[0196] Sample prelamination:
[0197] The heat-curable adhesive films of the inventive and comparative examples were cut into pieces with each size of 25x25mm and then pre-laminated using a test coupon on a heating platform. The test coupon consisted of an anodic aluminum block and a separate window-like component made from anodic aluminum. The adhesive film was applied uniformly onto the surface of inked glass block on the platform under the temperature of 60℃. 500g weight was used to press the adhesive film for 30 seconds. Then, the liner was removed from the adhesive film. Pressing the inked glass block to the window-like component with a bonding area of 225mm2 under the temperature of 60℃ and the pressure of 2 kilograms for another 30 seconds.
[0198] Final lamination / thermal cure process:
[0199] The specimen obtained above was transferred to a thermo-compressor to perform the final lamination / thermal cure process at 70℃. The thermos-compressor had an upper and bottom flat metal thermos-block (both metal blocks were set up to 70℃ in advance) . The final lamination was performed under the pressure of about 2 bar and heating for 10 minutes at 70℃ (usually, 3 to 6 test specimens were heating pressed at one time) , during which the adhesive film crosslinked and cured. Transferring the specimen from the thermos-compressor to room temperature, then continuing to compress with 2 kilograms weight for 6 minutes.
[0200] Sample Testing
[0201] The push-out strength test was performed using a universal testing machine with a punch at 23±2 ℃ and 50%±5%relative humidity. The punch applied a compressing force on the metal block of the test coupon at a pushing speed of 10mm / min till the assembly could no longer support a load. The maximum load was recorded in Table 1, and the push-out strength was calculated by dividing the total load by the bonding area.
[0202] 90 degree peel strength test method
[0203] Film specimens, as described above, were readied for testing using the subsequent procedure.
[0204] The substrates used were anodic aluminum. Two sample sizes were used: 2 x 25 x 100 mm and 0.2 x 25 x 200 mm. Initially, the adhesive film was cut to the specified dimensions of 0.2 x 25 x 200 mm. Subsequently, this adhesive film was placed onto a thick anodic aluminum plate.
[0205] The aluminum film specimen is then positioned atop the adhesive film, ensuring proper alignment. The final lamination process involved applying a pressure of approximately 2 bar and heating for 10 minutes at 70℃. Following the completion of lamination, the specimen was transferred from the thermal press to room temperature, where it was further compressed using a 2-kilogram weight for a duration of 6 minutes. Subsequently, the peel test was carried out using the SANSI universal testing machine, with a test speed set at 10 mm / min. To ensure dependable and consistent results, this test was repeated with a total of five samples.
[0206] Thermal creep test method
[0207] Two anodic aluminum substrates, each with a width of 25 mm and a length of 100 mm, were initially prepared. These substrates underwent a thorough cleaning with isopropanol and were allowed to air-dry. Subsequently, an adhesive film piece measuring 25 x 25 mm was affixed to one end of the first substrate. The second lap-shear specimen was horizontally assembled, ensuring precise alignment of the adhesive line with the second (top) lap-shear. A 2-kilogram weight block was applied to the lap-shear specimens for a duration of 30 seconds, employing a 60℃ hotplate for pre-lamination. The final lamination process entailed the application of approximately 2 bars of pressure, followed by heating for 10 minutes at 70℃. Once lamination was concluded, the specimens were transferred from the thermal press to room temperature, where they were subject to additional compression using a 2-kilogram weight for a period of 6 minutes. Subsequently, the samples were transferred to a high-temperature and high-humidity creep test chamber (Model: KJ-6013D from Kajian company) , maintained at 65℃, 90%relative humidity, with a hanging weight of 2 kilograms. The time at which the specimens failed, under these specific test conditions, was accurately recorded.
[0208] Impact resistance
[0209] The impact resistance of the samples was evaluated by Tower drop testing machine (INSTRON 9340 Tower drop testing system) . The sample preparation, pre-lamination, and final curing condition were the same as the push-out strength test described above.
[0210] Test Procedure:
[0211] 1. Connect necessary sensors and data acquisition system and calibrate the instrumentation system to ensure accurate data collection,
[0212] 2. Place the specimen securely on the window coupon support fixture, ensuring proper alignment and positioning;
[0213] 3. Set the drop height: 115mm, drop weight: 18.27 kg;
[0214] 4. Engage the anti-rebound system to prevent secondary impacts;
[0215] 5. Start the test by activating the machine controller;
[0216] 6. Monitor the test in real-time, observing the behavior of the specimen during impact;
[0217] 7. Record the load on the specimen, time to failure, and any other relevant parameters;
[0218] 8. Use the software to calculate the energy absorbed by the specimen during the impact.
[0219] Reworkability test
[0220] The reworkability of the samples was evaluated according to the below method.
[0221] Sample preparation
[0222] An assembly structure was created using two anodic aluminum substrates. In the Examples, this assembly was formed by initially placing the first substrate in contact with the adhesive film. If there was a release liner, it was removed before this step. Subsequently, the second substrate was brought into contact with the adhesive film, ensuring that any release liner was also removed. This direct contact between the film and the substrates resulted in the formation of an assembly structure. To bond the two substrates together, heat was applied at a temperature of 70℃, along with a pressure of 2 bars, allowing the adhesive film to fully cure and securely adhere the two substrates. In the sample testing process, the first substrate was deboned from the assembly structure first. Then, a palette knife was used to carefully peel off the adhesive film from the second substrate. This peeling process was performed by hand, controlling the angle at 30 to 45 degrees from the surface of the second substrate, all at room temperature. Any remaining residues, if present, could be cleaned using appropriate tools or isopropyl alcohol (IPA) .
[0223] The adhesive film's status and the reworkability level were evaluated with the following criteria:
[0224] 5: No residue needs to be cleaned, marked as excellent,
[0225] 4: Easy to clean residues without tools and ethanol
[0226] 3: Easy to clean residues with tools and ethanol
[0227] 2: Difficult to clean residues with tools and ethanol
[0228] 1: Can not clean residues with tools or ethanol
[0229] Mechanical properties test method
[0230] Tensile strength, elongation and elastic module of the cured film were tested as follows according to ASTM D 638 IV. The sample preparation, pre-lamination, and final curing condition were the same as the push-out strength test described above.
[0231] The INSTRON tensile tester (Model 68TM-30 tensile tester) was used to collect film data. A minimum of three experimental samples, each cut using a proven cutting tool to ensure dimensional stability and reproducibility, were tested for each measurement. The tests were carried out in a standard laboratory atmosphere at 23 ± 2.0 ℃ and relative humidity 50 ± 5%. To determine the tensile strength or modulus, samples 6 mm wide were obtained from one film sheet having a thickness of 200.0 ± 0.15 μm. The sample was then transferred to an INSTRON tensile strength tester for testing. A tensile strength tester was prepared in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions, equipped with a 1000 N load cell and calibrated. Attached suitable clamps with side surfaces (INSTRON clamps which side surfaces are coated with rubber) . Samples were installed in a strength tester and analyzed to determine 0.05-0.25%modulus (i.e., the load required to achieve 0.05-0.25%film elongation) , tensile strength (i.e., the load required to break the film) and elongation at break (INSTRON Model no. 2663-901 AVE 2 Extensometer) .
[0232] Chemical resistance
[0233] Film specimens were prepared as previously described. The test was subjected to the following procedure.
[0234] Initially, a sample weighing approximately 5 grams (denoted as M1) is obtained. Subsequently, these film specimens are immersed in oleic acid at a temperature of 23 degrees Celsius and at a relative humidity of 50%for a duration of 72 hours. Following this immersion period, the samples were removed from oleic acid, and their weight was measured (designated as M2) . To quantify the weight absorption, the following formula was used:
[0235] Weight Absorption (%) = [ (M2 -M1) / M1] *100%.
[0236] The lower the weight absorption is, the better chemical resistance the film is.
[0237] Examples 1-4 (E1 to E4) and Comparative Examples 1-6 (CE1 to CE6)
[0238] The heat-curable adhesive films containing no more than 3 wt%of water were prepared using the ingredients in Table 1 (unit: parts by weight) via the same process, and bonding properties and mechanical properties were tested according to the above methods, and results are shown in Table 1.
[0239] Table 1:
[0240] It can be seen from Table 1 that the films of the present invention comprising appropriate amount of the first PU polymer have better push-out strength, better impact resistance, better reworkability and better oleic acid resistance, compared with the comparative examples. Surprisingly, it is found that by introducing appropriate amount of the first PU polymer, the film can achieve these better properties even without containing the hardener component (the surface-deactivated solid isocyanate) (see the example E2) .
[0241] However, it is also found that the thermal creep of the example E2 is not as good as E1, E3 and E4 containing the hardener component, but is better than CE3 to CE6 containing the hardener component, which can demonstrate that the first PU polymer can contribute not only to push-out strength, impact resistance, reworkability, oleic acid resistance, but also can contribute to thermal creep. For some applications having lower requirements for the thermal creep, the film of E2 can also achieve better bonding properties as well as better reworkablity and better chemical resistance than those of the comparative examples.
[0242] As for the mechanical properties including tensile strength, elongation and elastic module, it is suitable to have a tensile strength of 10-40 MPa in practice, and lower than 10 MPa is conventionally unacceptable, but higher than 40 MPa is not particularly pursued in the art; it is also suitable to have an elongation of 500-1200%in practice, and lower than 500%is conventionally unacceptable, but higher than 1200%is not particularly pursued in the art; and it is also suitable to have an elastic module of 20-70 in practice. That is to say, the values of tensile strength, elongation and elastic module shown in Table 1 demonstrate that the films of the present invention satisfy the desired mechanical properties in the art, in other words, introducing the first PU polymer into the film does not negatively affect the mechanical properties of the films.
[0243] In comparative examples CE5 and CE6, trihexyl phosphate or tributyl phosphate is added separately, and the mixture of CE5 is gelled and cannot form a film, and the film of CE6 has inferior bonding properties and mechanical properties, on the contrary, the examples E1 and E2 contain the first PU polymer with phosphate being linked into the polymer structure, but unexpectedly can achieve excellent bonding properties and mechanical properties.
[0244] Although some preferred embodiments have been described, many modifications and variations may be made thereto in light of the above teachings. It is therefore to be understood that the invention may be practiced otherwise than as specifically described without departing from the scope of the appended claims.
Claims
1.A heat-curable adhesive film comprising:(a) a surface-deactivated solid isocyanate,(b) a first polyurethane polymer having a functional group reactive with isocyanate, wherein the first PU polymer is prepared by using a polyol POHA comprising one or more structural units selected from formulae (I) to (III) :-CH (OH) -CH2-X1-Y (I)-CH (OH) -CH2-X2-CH2-CH (OH) - (II)-CH (OH) -CH2-X1-Y1-X3-CH2-CH (OH) - (III)in whichX1 represents -OC (=O) -, -S-, -NR1-, -OP (=O) (OR1) -O-, -OP (=O) (R1) -O-, -OP (=O) (R1) -, -O-P (OR1) -O-, -O-P (R1) -O-, -O-P (R1) -,X2 represents -NR1-, -OP (=O) (OR1) -O-, -OP (=O) (R1) -O-, -O-P (OR1) -O-, -O-P (R1) -O-,X3 represents -C (=O) O-, -S-, -NR1-, -OP (=O) (OR1) -O-, -OP (=O) (R1) -O-, -P (=O) (R1) -O-, -O-P (OR1) -O-, -O-P (R1) -O-, -P (R1) -O-,in which R1 each independently represents a C1-C20 organic group or H,Y is a C1-C30 monovalent organic group or H, andY1 is a C1-C30 divalent organic group, with a proviso that Y1 is not -CH2-CH (OH) -;preferably, R1 each independently represents an aliphatic group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an alicyclic group having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, an aromatic having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, or H, in which one or more carbon atoms of Y can optionally be replaced with heteroatoms such as Si, O, N, P or S; optionally, R1 is a bridge group between two X1s, between two X2s, or between a X1 and a X2;preferably, Y represents an aliphatic group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an alicyclic group having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, an aromatic group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, or H, in which one or more carbon atoms of Y can optionally be replaced with heteroatoms such as Si, O, N, P or S,preferably, Y1 represents divalent aliphatic group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a divalent alicyclic group having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, a divalent aromatic group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, in which one or more carbon atoms of Y’ can optionally be replaced with heteroatoms such as Si, O, N, P or S,(c) a second polyurethane polymer having a functional group reactive with isocyanate, wherein the second polyurethane polymer is prepared by using a polyol component not comprising the polyol POHA;(d) optionally an additive;wherein the first polyurethane polymer and the second polyurethane polymer are contained in a mass ratio of from 25: 75 to 60: 40, preferably 30: 70 to 55: 45, more preferably 35: 65 to 50: 40, calculated based on solid contents.2.The heat-curable adhesive film according to claim 1, wherein the surface-deactivated solid isocyanate is obtained by blocking NCO groups on the surface of a solid isocyanate with a blocking agent,preferably the solid isocyanate is selected from diphenyl methane-4, 4'-diisocyanate (4, 4'-MDI) , dimeric 4, 4'-MDI, napthalene-1, 5-diisocyanate (NDI) , 1, 4-phenylene diisocyanate, toluene-2, 4-diisocyanate (2, 4-TDI) , 3, 3'-dimeythyl-biphenyl-4, 4'-diisocyanate (TODI) , dimeric 1-methyl-2, 4-phenyl-4, 4'-diisocyanate (dimer of 2, 4-TDI) , 3, 3'-diisocyanate-4, 4'-dimethyl-N, N'-diphenyl urea (TDIH) , isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) , the isocyanurate of isophoron diisoccyanate (trimer of IPDI) , or mixtures thereof, preferably from dimer of 2, 4-TDI, TDIH, trimer of IPDI; and / orpreferably the blocking agent is selected from primary and secondary aliphatic amines, diamines or polyamines, hydrazine derivatives, amidines, guanidines, or mixtures thereof; preferably from ethylene diamine, 1, 3-propylene-diamine, diethylene triamine, triethylene tetramine, 2, 5-dimethyl-piperazine, 3, 3'-dimethyl-4, 4'-diamino-dicyloheyl methane, methyl nonane-diamine, isophoron diamine, 4, 4'-diaminodicyclohexyl methane, diamino and triamino polypropylene ether, polyamido amine, and mixtures thereof.3.The heat-curable adhesive film according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the surface-deactivated solid isocyanate is in form of fine particles, preferably having an average particle size of less than 100 μm, preferably 1 nm -80 μm, more preferably 2 nm-50 μm, still more preferably 5 nm -20 μm, determined according to laser diffraction method.4.The heat-curable adhesive film according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the polyol POHA is obtained by reacting a mono / poly-functional epoxy resin, preferably poly-functional epoxy resin, especially difunctional-epoxy resin, with a nucleophilic or electrophilic compound having one or more active hydrogen atoms,preferably, the mono / poly-functional epoxy resin is selected from diglycidyl ethers of dihydric phenols and dihydric alcohols, such as diglycidyl ethers of aliphatic and cycloaliphatic diols, such as 1, 2-ethanediol, 1, 4-butanediol, 1, 6-hexanediol, 1, 8-octanediol, 1, 12–dodecanediol, cyclopentane diol and cyclohexane diol; bisphenol A based diglycidylethers (bisphenol A epoxy resins) ; bisphenol F diglycidyl ethers (bisphenol F epoxy resins) ; polyalkyleneglycol based diglycidyl ethers, in particular polypropyleneglycol diglycidyl ethers; and, polycarbonatediol based glycidyl ethers;preferably, the nucleophilic or electrophilic compound is selected from phosphorus-containing organic / inorganic acids (such as phosphoric acid, phosphonic acid, phosphinic acid, phosphorous acid, phosphonous acid, phosphinous acid) , primary / secondary amines, compounds containing -SH group (s) , or mixtures thereof.5.The heat-curable adhesive film according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the polyol POHA contains 1 to 10 structural units, more preferably 1 to 5 structural units, selected from formulae (I) to (III) .6.The heat-curable adhesive film according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the the structural unit of formula (I) or (II) or (III) is selected from:-CH (OH) -CH2-S-C1-C6 alkylene-Si (O-C1-C6-alkyl) n (C1-C6-alkyl) 3-n, n=0, 1, 2, or 3,-CH(OH) -CH2-NR1-C1-C6 alkylene -NH2,-CH (OH) -CH2-NR1-C1-C6 alkylene-NR1-CH2-CH (OH) -,-CH (OH) -CH2-O-P (=O) (OH) 2,-CH (OH) -CH2-NR1-CH2-CH (OH) -,-CH (OH) -CH2-O-P (=O) (OH) -O-CH2-CH (OH) -, orin which R1 independently is methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl or hexyl or their divalent forms, or H.7.The heat-curable adhesive film according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the polyol POHA has a weight average molecular weight (Mw) of 100-4000, preferably 500-3000, more preferably 1000-3000.8.The heat-curable adhesive film according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the first polyurethane polymer is prepared using a polyol component comprising the polyol POHA and a polycarbonate polyol.9.The heat-curable adhesive film according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the first polyurethane polymer is prepared using a polyol component comprising the polyol POHA and a polycarbonate polyol together with an acid group-containing chain-extender, wherein the acid group is optionally neutralized by a base to form a salt.10.The heat-curable adhesive film according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the first polyurethane polymer is prepared using a polyol component comprising the polyol POHA and a polycarbonate polyol together with a dialkanol carboxylic acid (preferably di-C1-C5-alkanol C1-C10-carboxylic acid, more preferably di-C1-C3-alkanol C1-C6-carboxylic acid) , wherein the carboxylic acid group is optionally neutralized by a base to form a salt.11.The heat-curable adhesive film according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the polyol POHA constitutes 0.1-20 wt%, preferably 1-10 wt%, of a polyol component for preparing the first polyurethane polymer, based on the total weight of the polyol component.12.The heat-curable adhesive film according to any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein the weight average molecular weight of the first polyurethane polymer is at least 2,000, preferably 5,000-250,000, and / or the weight average molecular weight of the second polyurethane polymer is at least 2,000, preferably 5,000-250,000.13.The heat-curable adhesive film according to any one of claims 1 to 12, wherein the first polyurethane polymer, the second polyurethane polymer and the surface-deactivated solid isocyanate together constitute greater than 90 wt%, preferably greater than 92 wt%, more preferably greater than 95 wt%of the film, in relative to the weight of the heat-curable adhesive film.14.The heat-curable adhesive film according to any one of claims 1 to 13, wherein the the surface-deactivated solid isocyanate is contained in an amount of 0.1-10 parts by weight, preferably 0.2-7 parts by weight, more preferably 0.5-5 parts by weight, in relative to 100 parts by weight of the first and second polyurethane polymers.15.The heat-curable adhesive film according to any one of claims 1 to 14, wherein at least a part of the second polyurethane polymer is anionically modified.16.The heat-curable adhesive film according to any one of claims 1 to 15, wherein the additive is selected from catalysts, preservatives, pH modifiers, adhesion promoters, tackifiers, pigments, surfactants, antifoaming agents, defoaming agents, fungicides, bactericides, wetting and dispersing agents, thickening agents, stabilizers, fillers, insulative materials, rheology modifiers, electrically conductive materials, and combinations thereof, preferably each additive being contained in an amount of no more than 1 wt%in relative to the weight of the heat-curable adhesive film.17.A process for preparing the heat-curable adhesive film of any of claims 1 to 16, comprising the steps of:(i) mixing the following substances together under stirring to form a mixture;- an aqueous dispersion of the surface-deactivated solid isocyanate,- an aqueous dispersion of the first polyurethane polymer,- an aqueous dispersion of the second polyurethane polymer,- optionally the additive,(ii) coating the mixture onto a release liner to form an aqueous film; and(iii) evaporating water from the aqueous film without triggering crosslinking or curing reaction among the substances, until a water content of no more than 5 wt%, preferably no more than 3 wt%, in relative to the weight of the film, so as to obtain the heat-curable adhesive film.18.The process according to claim 16, wherein evaporating water is conducted at a temperature of of 40-65 ℃, preferably 40-60℃, with proviso that the film itself does not reach a temperature of higher than 65 ℃.19.An article comprising a first substrate, a second substrate, and a cured adhesive film of the heat-curable adhesive film of any of claims 1 to 16 disposed between and in contact with the first substrate and the second substrate.20.Use of the heat-curable adhesive film according to any of claims 1 to 16 for manufacturing automobile parts; truck bed covers; textile laminations; assembled goods; and electronic devices like wristwatches, eyeglasses, smartphones, monitors, calculators, mice, touch pads, computers, televisions.21.A polyurethane polymer, characterized in that the polyurethane polymer is prepared by using a polyol POHA comprising one or more structural units selected from formulae (I) to (III) -CH (OH) -CH2-X1-Y (I) -CH (OH) -CH2-X2-CH2-CH (OH) - (II) -CH (OH) -CH2-X1-Y1-X3-CH2-CH (OH) - (III)in whichX1 represents -OC (=O) -, -S-, -NR1-, -OP (=O) (OR1) -O-, -OP (=O) (R1) -O-, -OP (=O) (R1) -, -O-P (OR1) -O-, -O-P (R1) -O-, -O-P (R1) -,X2 represents -NR1-, -OP (=O) (OR1) -O-, -OP (=O) (R1) -O-, -O-P (OR1) -O-, -O-P (R1) -O-,X3 represents -C (=O) O-, -S-, -NR1-, -OP (=O) (OR1) -O-, -OP (=O) (R1) -O-, -P (=O) (R1) -O-, -O-P (OR1) -O-, -O-P (R1) -O-, -P (R1) -O-,in which R1 each independently represents a C1-C20 organic group or H,Y is a C1-C30 monovalent organic group or H, andY1 is a C1-C30 divalent organic group, with a proviso that Y1 is not -CH2-CH (OH) -;preferably, R1 each independently represents an aliphatic group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an alicyclic group having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, an aromatic having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, or H, in which one or more carbon atoms of Y can optionally be replaced with heteroatoms such as Si, O, N, P or S; optionally, R1 is a bridge group between two X1s, between two X2s, or between a X1 and a X2;preferably, Y represents an aliphatic group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an alicyclic group having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, an aromatic group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, or H, in which one or more carbon atoms of Y can optionally be replaced with heteroatoms such as Si, O, N, P or S,preferably, Y1 represents divalent aliphatic group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a divalent alicyclic group having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, a divalent aromatic group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, in which one or more carbon atoms of Y’ can optionally be replaced with heteroatoms such as Si, O, N, P or S.22.The polyurethane polymer according to claim 21, wherein the polyol POHA is obtained by reacting a mono / poly-functional epoxy resin, preferably poly-functional epoxy resin, especially difunctional-epoxy resin, with a nucleophilic or electrophilic compound having one or more active hydrogen atoms,preferably, the mono / poly-functional epoxy resin is selected from diglycidyl ethers of dihydric phenols and dihydric alcohols, such as diglycidyl ethers of aliphatic and cycloaliphatic diols, such as 1, 2-ethanediol, 1, 4-butanediol, 1, 6-hexanediol, 1, 8-octanediol, 1, 12–dodecanediol, cyclopentane diol and cyclohexane diol; bisphenol A based diglycidylethers (bisphenol A epoxy resins) ; bisphenol F diglycidyl ethers (bisphenol F epoxy resins) ; polyalkyleneglycol based diglycidyl ethers, in particular polypropyleneglycol diglycidyl ethers; and, polycarbonatediol based glycidyl ethers;preferably, the nucleophilic or electrophilic compound is selected from phosphorus-containing organic / inorganic acids (such as phosphoric acid, phosphonic acid, phosphinic acid, phosphorous acid, phosphonous acid, phosphinous acid) , primary / secondary amines, compounds containing -SH group (s) , or mixtures thereof.23.The polyurethane polymer according to claim 21 or 22, wherein the polyol POHA contains 1 to 10 structural units, more preferably 1 to 5 structural units, selected from formulae (I) to (III) .24.The polyurethane polymer according to any of claims 21 to 23, wherein the the structural unit of formula (I) or (II) or (III) is selected from:-CH (OH) -CH2-S-C1-C6 alkylene-Si (O-C1-C6-alkyl) n (C1-C6-alkyl) 3-n, n=0, 1, 2, or 3,-CH (OH) -CH2-NR1-C1-C6 alkylene -NH2,-CH (OH) -CH2-NR1-C1-C6 alkylene-NR1-CH2-CH (OH) -,-CH (OH) -CH2-O-P (=O) (OH) 2,-CH (OH) -CH2-NR1-CH2-CH (OH) -,-CH (OH) -CH2-O-P (=O) (OH) -O-CH2-CH (OH) -, orin which R1 independently is methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl or hexyl or their divalent forms, or H.25.The polyurethane polymer according to any one of claims 21 to 24, wherein the polyol POHA has a weight average molecular weight (Mw) of 100-4000, preferably 500-3000, more preferably 1000-3000.26.The polyurethane polymer according to any one of claims 21 to 25, wherein the polyurethane polymer is prepared using a polyol component comprising the polyol POHA and a polycarbonate polyol.27.The polyurethane polymer according to any one of claims 21 to 26, wherein the polyurethane polymer is prepared using a polyol component comprising the polyol POHA and a polycarbonate polyol together with an acid group-containing chain-extender, wherein the acid group is optionally neutralized by a base to form a salt.28.The polyurethane polymer according to any one of claims 21 to 27, wherein the polyurethane polymer is prepared using a polyol component comprising the polyol POHA and a polycarbonate polyol together with a dialkanol carboxylic acid (preferably di-C1-C5-alkanol C1-C10-carboxylic acid, more preferably di-C1-C3-alkanol C1-C6-carboxylic acid) , wherein the carboxylic acid group is optionally neutralized by a base to form a salt.29.The polyurethane polymer according to any one of claims 21 to 28, wherein the polyol POHA constitutes 0.1-20 wt%, preferably 1-10 wt%, of a polyol component for preparing the first polyurethane polymer, based on the total weight of the polyol component.
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