Loudspeaker and displacement test method for loudspeaker

Abstract

Embodiments of the present application provide a loudspeaker and a displacement test method for a loudspeaker. The loudspeaker comprises: a magnet assembly, which is provided with a magnetic gap recessed from the surface of the magnet assembly to the interior of the magnet assembly; a vibration assembly, wherein the vibration assembly comprises a diaphragm and a voice coil, the diaphragm is suspended above the magnet assembly, the voice coil is located on the surface of the diaphragm facing the magnet assembly, and the voice coil is suspended in the magnetic gap; a capacitor assembly, wherein the capacitor assembly comprises a first electrode plate and a second electrode plate, the first electrode plate is located on the inner wall of the magnetic gap, the second electrode plate is located on the inner wall of the magnetic gap or the surface of the voice coil, and the first electrode plate and the second electrode plate are oppositely arranged.

Description

Loudspeaker and loudspeaker displacement test method

[0001] Cross-references

[0002] The present disclosure claims priority to Chinese patent application number 202410315994.X, entitled “Speaker and Displacement Test Method of Speaker”, filed on March 19, 2024, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. Technical Field

[0003] The embodiments of the present disclosure relate to the field of electroacoustic conversion devices, and in particular to a loudspeaker and a method for testing the displacement of the loudspeaker. Background Art

[0004] A loudspeaker is the most basic unit of a sound-producing device, which includes a vibration component and a magnet component. The vibration component includes a diaphragm and a voice coil fixedly connected to the diaphragm, and the voice coil is located in the magnetic gap formed by the magnet component. When a loudspeaker of this structure receives a sound signal, the voice coil drives the diaphragm to vibrate under the action of the magnet component, instigating the surrounding air to produce sound, thereby realizing the conversion of electrical energy into sound energy.

[0005] When this type of speaker operates at low frequencies, it will limit the maximum power application of the product. Under high power, the voice coil operating at low frequencies will produce excessive displacement, which will lead to a sharp increase in distortion and even obvious friction between the voice coil and the magnet assembly, causing irreversible damage to the speaker.

[0006] Summary of the Invention

[0007] The embodiments of the present application provide a loudspeaker and a method for testing the displacement of the loudspeaker, which at least helps to improve the reliability of the loudspeaker.

[0008] According to some embodiments of the present application, on the one hand, the embodiments of the present application provide a loudspeaker, including: a magnet assembly, the magnet assembly having a magnetic gap recessed from the surface of the magnet assembly into the magnet assembly; a vibration assembly, the vibration assembly including a diaphragm and a voice coil, the diaphragm is suspended above the magnet assembly, the voice coil is located on the surface of the diaphragm facing the magnet assembly, and the voice coil is suspended in the magnetic gap; a capacitor assembly, the capacitor assembly including a first pole plate and a second pole plate, the first pole plate is located on the inner wall of the magnetic gap, the second pole plate is located on the inner wall of the magnetic gap or the surface of the voice coil, and the first pole plate and the second pole plate are arranged opposite to each other.

[0009] In some embodiments, the magnet assembly includes: a bottom magnet, a center magnet and side magnets, the center magnet and the side magnets are both arranged on the bottom magnet, the side magnets surround the center magnet, and the gap between the center magnet and the side magnets serves as a magnetic gap.

[0010] In some embodiments, the first pole plate is located on the side of the center magnet facing the magnetic gap; the second pole plate is located on the surface of the voice coil facing the center magnet, or the second pole plate is located on the side of the side magnet facing the magnetic gap.

[0011] In some embodiments, the first pole plate is located on the side of the edge magnet facing the magnetic gap; the second pole plate is located on the surface of the voice coil facing the edge magnet.

[0012] In some embodiments, the first pole plate is located at the bottom surface of the magnetic gap, and the second pole plate is located at the bottom surface of the voice coil.

[0013] In some embodiments, there are multiple capacitor components, and different capacitor components are spaced apart in the magnetic gap.

[0014] In some embodiments, at least two capacitor assemblies are symmetrically arranged along the central axis of the magnet assembly.

[0015] In some embodiments, a surface of the first electrode plate facing the second electrode plate has a first insulating layer, and a surface of the second electrode plate facing the first electrode plate has a second insulating layer.

[0016] According to some embodiments of the present application, on the other hand, the embodiments of the present application also provide a displacement testing method for a speaker, which is used to test any speaker in the above embodiments, including: providing an initial sound signal; adjusting the initial sound signal using an initial displacement protection model to obtain an adjusted sound signal, if the vibration component responds to the initial sound signal, the vibration component generates a first displacement; if the vibration component responds to the adjustment sound signal, the vibration component generates a second displacement, and the second displacement is less than or equal to the first displacement; inputting the adjustment sound signal into the vibration component, and the vibration component generates vibration in response to the adjustment sound signal; obtaining the actual displacement parameter of the vibration component based on the capacitor component, the actual displacement parameter being expressed as the actual displacement generated by the vibration component during the vibration process relative to the static state; adjusting the initial displacement protection model according to the actual displacement parameter to obtain a target displacement protection model.

[0017] In some embodiments, an initial displacement protection model is used to adjust the initial sound signal, including: comparing the initial parameters corresponding to the initial sound signal with preset parameters; if the initial parameters are higher than the preset parameters, lowering the initial parameters to obtain adjustment parameters, and using the sound signal corresponding to the adjustment parameters as the adjustment sound signal; if the initial parameters are less than or equal to the preset parameters, using the initial sound signal as the adjustment sound signal.

[0018] The speaker provided in an embodiment of the present application includes a magnet assembly and a vibrator assembly. The magnet assembly has a magnetic gap recessed from the surface of the magnet assembly into the magnet assembly. The vibrator assembly includes a diaphragm and a voice coil fixedly connected to the diaphragm, and the voice coil is located in the magnetic gap formed by the magnet assembly. When the voice coil receives a sound signal, the magnet assembly drives the diaphragm to vibrate, inducing the surrounding air to produce sound, thereby converting electrical energy into sound energy. The speaker's capacitor assembly includes a first plate and a second plate. The first plate is located on the inner wall of the magnetic gap, and the second plate is located on the inner wall of the magnetic gap or on the surface of the voice coil. The first plate and the second plate are arranged opposite each other. During the sound production process of the speaker, the voice coil will produce displacement relative to the magnet assembly. In this way, the capacitance value of the capacitor assembly will change with the relative area or relative distance between the first plate and the second plate, or with the change of the dielectric material between the first plate and the second plate. Based on the change in the capacitance value of the capacitor assembly, the actual displacement of the voice coil can be calculated. Based on the actual displacement data of the voice coil, the real-time vibration state of the voice coil can be obtained. When the music signal is directly output to the speaker, the real-time vibration state of the voice coil can be fed back to the output terminal that outputs the music signal. The output terminal can then adjust the parameters of the corresponding music signal based on the real-time vibration state of the voice coil to prevent excessive displacement of the voice coil and the resulting rubbing, thereby improving the reliability of the speaker. When the music signal is adjusted by the displacement protection model before being output to the speaker, the real-time vibration state of the voice coil can be fed back to the displacement protection model, which can then adjust the accuracy of the algorithm in real time. In this way, the displacement protection model can more accurately predict the displacement of the voice coil at the next moment and output a more accurately adjusted music signal, thereby preventing excessive displacement of the voice coil and the resulting rubbing, thereby improving the reliability of the speaker. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] One or more embodiments are exemplarily illustrated by the pictures in the corresponding drawings. These exemplified descriptions do not constitute a limitation on the embodiments. Unless otherwise stated, the pictures in the drawings do not constitute a scale limitation. In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present disclosure or the technical solutions in the traditional technology, the drawings required in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present disclosure. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without making any creative work.

[0020] FIG1 is a schematic structural diagram of a first loudspeaker provided in one embodiment of the present application;

[0021] FIG2 is a schematic structural diagram of a second speaker provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0022] FIG3 is a schematic structural diagram of a third loudspeaker provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0023] FIG4 is a schematic structural diagram of a fourth loudspeaker provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0024] FIG5 is a schematic structural diagram of a magnet assembly provided in one embodiment of the present application;

[0025] FIG6 is a schematic structural diagram of a vibration assembly provided in one embodiment of the present application;

[0026] FIG7 is a schematic structural diagram of a speaker provided in one embodiment of the present application;

[0027] FIG8 is a flowchart corresponding to a method for testing the displacement of a loudspeaker provided in an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] As known from the background art, loudspeakers have the problem of displacement distortion, which can easily cause the voice coil and the magnet assembly to rub against each other and thus cause irreversible damage to the loudspeaker.

[0029] To prevent speaker displacement distortion, a displacement protection model is typically simulated based on the speaker's fitted mechanical and electrical parameters. Before transmitting the sound signal to the speaker, the sound signal is input into the displacement protection model for conditioning. The conditioned signal is then transmitted to the speaker, causing the speaker to produce sound and vibrate. This ensures that the displacement of the voice coil remains within a preset range, preventing speaker displacement distortion.

[0030] However, since the components in the loudspeaker are affected by usage conditions such as temperature, the displacement protection model cannot adjust the sound signal in accordance with the actual usage of the loudspeaker, which results in the loudspeaker still having displacement deviations. For example, when the ambient temperature is high, the diaphragm will become softer, the stiffness will decrease, and the displacement will increase. The displacement protection model cannot be updated according to the real-time temperature environment, and thus cannot adjust the sound signal in accordance with the impact of temperature parameter changes. In addition, during the simulation process of the displacement protection model, multiple sample models are usually established, and the displacement protection model is obtained based on the average data of multiple samples or the data of typical samples. The displacement protection model obtained in this way cannot match the parameters of all samples. Moreover, the displacement protection model is obtained based on historical samples, and it cannot determine whether the actual displacement generated by the voice coil meets the conditions expected by the displacement protection model, and its accuracy is poor.

[0031] In summary, actual speaker designs often leave a significant margin for displacement between the voice coil and magnet assembly. For example, a 0.5mm amplitude might be designed between the two, but only 0.4mm is actually used. This compromises or wastes nearly 20% of the performance. Even with this compromise, over-displacement can still occur, and in extreme cases, friction and other issues can still occur, posing challenges to the speaker's performance and reliability.

[0032] The embodiments of the present application provide a speaker that at least helps to improve the reliability of the speaker.

[0033] The following detailed description of various embodiments of the present application is provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. However, those skilled in the art will appreciate that numerous technical details are provided in the various embodiments to facilitate a better understanding of the present application. However, even without these technical details and the various variations and modifications based on the following embodiments, the claimed technical solutions can still be implemented. The following detailed description of the speaker provided in this embodiment is provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0034] 1 to 4 are schematic structural diagrams of various speakers provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0035] 1 to 4 , the speaker includes a magnet assembly 100, a vibration assembly 200, and a capacitor assembly 300. The magnet assembly 100 has a magnetic gap 101 that is recessed from the surface of the magnet assembly 100 into the magnet assembly 100. The vibration assembly 200 includes a diaphragm 201 and a voice coil 202. The diaphragm 201 is suspended above the magnet assembly 100, and the voice coil 202 is located on the surface of the diaphragm 201 facing the magnet assembly 100, and the voice coil 202 is suspended in the magnetic gap 101. The capacitor assembly 300 includes a first pole plate 301 and a second pole plate 302. The first pole plate 301 is located on the inner wall of the magnetic gap 101, and the second pole plate 302 is located on the inner wall of the magnetic gap 101 or on the surface of the voice coil 202, and the first pole plate 301 and the second pole plate 302 are arranged opposite to each other.

[0036] The speaker provided in the embodiment of the present application includes a magnet assembly 100 and a vibration assembly 200. The magnet assembly 100 has a magnetic gap 101 that is recessed from the surface of the magnet assembly 100 into the magnet assembly 100. The vibration assembly 200 includes a diaphragm 201 and a voice coil 202 fixedly connected to the diaphragm 201. The voice coil 202 is located in the magnetic gap 101 formed by the magnet assembly 100. When the voice coil 202 receives a sound signal, it drives the diaphragm 201 to vibrate under the action of the magnet assembly 100, inducing the surrounding air to produce sound, thereby converting electrical energy into sound energy. The capacitor assembly 300 of the loudspeaker includes a first pole plate 301 and a second pole plate 302. The first pole plate 301 is located on the inner wall of the magnetic gap 101, and the second pole plate 302 is located on the inner wall of the magnetic gap 101 or the surface of the voice coil 202. The first pole plate 301 and the second pole plate 302 are arranged opposite to each other. During the sound generation process of the loudspeaker, the voice coil 202 will be displaced relative to the magnet assembly 100. In this way, the capacitance value of the capacitor assembly 300 will change with the relative area or relative distance between the first pole plate 301 and the second pole plate 302, or with the change of the dielectric material between the first pole plate 301 and the second pole plate 302. Based on the change in the capacitance value of the capacitor assembly 300, the actual displacement of the voice coil 202 can be calculated, and the real-time vibration state of the voice coil 202 can be obtained based on the actual displacement data of the voice coil 202. When the music signal is directly output to the speaker, the real-time vibration state of the voice coil can be fed back to the output terminal that outputs the music signal. This allows the output terminal to adjust the parameters of the corresponding music signal based on the real-time vibration state of the voice coil, thereby preventing excessive displacement of the voice coil 202 and causing rubbing, thereby improving the reliability of the speaker. When the music signal is adjusted by the displacement protection model before being output to the speaker, the real-time vibration state of the voice coil 202 can be fed back to the displacement protection model, allowing the displacement protection model to adjust the accuracy of the algorithm in real time. This allows the displacement protection model to more accurately predict the displacement of the voice coil 202 at the next moment and output a more accurately adjusted music signal, thereby preventing excessive displacement of the voice coil 202 and causing rubbing, thereby improving the reliability of the speaker.

[0037] 1 to 4 , in some embodiments, the magnet assembly 100 may include: a bottom magnet 104 , a center magnet 103 and edge magnets 102 , wherein the center magnet 103 and the edge magnets 102 are both arranged on the bottom magnet 104 , the edge magnets 102 surround the center magnet 103 , and the gap between the center magnet 103 and the edge magnets 102 serves as a magnetic gap 101 .

[0038] In some embodiments, the edge magnet 102 may be a whole ring magnet or may be composed of a plurality of separate magnets.

[0039] The materials of the bottom magnet 104 , the center magnet 103 and the edge magnet 102 can all be ferrite materials, neodymium iron boron materials or aluminum nickel cobalt magnetic materials.

[0040] FIG5 is a schematic structural diagram of a magnet assembly provided in one embodiment of the present application.

[0041] Referring to Figure 5, in some embodiments, the magnet assembly 100 may further include: a central magnetic plate 105 and a side magnetic plate 106. The central magnetic plate 105 can be arranged on the surface of the central magnet 103 away from the bottom magnet 104, and the side magnetic plate 106 can be arranged on the surface of the side magnet 102 away from the bottom magnet 104, with the gap between the central magnetic plate 105 and the side magnetic plate 106 serving as the magnetic gap 101.

[0042] In this way, the first pole plate can be set on the inner wall of the central magnetic plate facing the magnetic gap or the inner wall of the side magnetic plate facing the magnetic gap. In order to increase the area of ​​the first pole plate and improve the test stability of the capacitor assembly, the first pole plate can be located on the inner wall of the central magnetic plate facing the magnetic gap or the inner wall of the central magnetic plate facing the magnetic gap, or the first pole plate can be located on the inner wall of the side magnetic plate facing the magnetic gap or the inner wall of the side magnetic plate facing the magnetic gap.

[0043] The materials of the central magnetic plate 105 and the side magnetic plates 106 can both be ferrite materials, neodymium iron boron materials or aluminum nickel cobalt magnetic materials.

[0044] In some embodiments, the bottom magnet 104 and the edge magnet 102 may be an integral structure, or the bottom magnet 104 and the edge magnet 102 may be independent structures.

[0045] In some embodiments, when the bottom magnet and the side magnet are an integrated structure, a central magnetic plate can be provided only on the surface of the central magnet away from the bottom magnet. In this way, the gap between the central magnetic plate and the side magnet serves as the magnetic gap.

[0046] In some embodiments, the magnet assembly may be a single magnetic circuit structure or a dual magnetic circuit structure.

[0047] FIG6 is a schematic structural diagram of a vibration assembly provided in one embodiment of the present application.

[0048] 6 , in some embodiments, the diaphragm 201 may include a dome 211 and a diaphragm 221. The diaphragm 221 covers the voice coil 202, with the dome 211 located on a side of the diaphragm 221 away from the voice coil 202. The diaphragm 221 may include a main body 241 and a bent portion 231 surrounding the main body 241. The diaphragm 221 covers the voice coil 202 to prevent external magnetic fields from entering the speaker and affecting the vibration frequency and direction of the voice coil 202, thereby preventing any impact on the speaker's performance. The bent portion 231 of the diaphragm 221 can be used to adjust the rigidity of the diaphragm 221 and increase its service life. The dome 211 can isolate the vibration between the sound source and the speaker, preventing sound reflection and interference, and allowing the sound to be transmitted more purely and clearly.

[0049] In some embodiments, the material of the sound membrane 221 can be made of flexible materials such as paper diaphragm, plastic diaphragm, carbon fiber diaphragm and Kevlar diaphragm.

[0050] Among them, paper can refer to a diaphragm made of pulp or other fiber materials. Paper diaphragms have good natural resonance frequency and damping characteristics, can convert electrical signals into mechanical vibrations, and generate sound output; plastic diaphragm refers to a diaphragm made of plastic material. Plastic diaphragms can have higher stiffness and strength, can provide more accurate, faster response speed and better audio resolution, and the acoustic performance of plastic diaphragms can also be improved by adding filling materials and surface treatment; carbon fiber diaphragm refers to a diaphragm made of carbon fiber or its composite materials. Carbon fiber diaphragms are lightweight and have high stiffness, can provide more accurate, faster response speed and better audio resolution, and have excellent performance in waterproofing, moisture-proofing and corrosion-resistant, and are suitable for applications in harsh environments such as outdoor speakers, marine audio and car audio; Kevlar diaphragm refers to a diaphragm made of Kevlar fabric and resin adhesive. Kevlar diaphragm has high stiffness, high strength and good wear resistance. Kevlar diaphragm performs well in waterproofing, moisture-proofing and corrosion-resistant, and is suitable for applications in harsh environments such as outdoor speakers, marine audio and car audio.

[0051] In some embodiments, the dome 211 may be a soft dome or a hard dome. The soft dome may be made of silk, filaments, or synthetic fibers, and the hard dome may be made of aluminum foil, titanium foil, or beryllium foil.

[0052] In some embodiments, the orthographic projection of the voice coil 202 is located within the orthographic projection of the dome 211 in a direction perpendicular to the surface of the main body 241 . This improves magnetic field shielding and prevents external magnetic fields from entering the voice coil 202 .

[0053] In Figure 6, the convex dome structure of the bent portion 231 is used as an example. In other embodiments, the bent portion can also be a flat structure, a concave dome structure, or other shapes. In some embodiments, the main body can also be a flat structure, a concave dome structure, a convex dome structure, or other shapes, with the dome conformally covering the surface of the main body.

[0054] In some embodiments, a shielding layer can be provided on the surface of the dome away from the sound diaphragm. The shielding layer can be used to enhance the structural rigidity of the dome, increase the Young's modulus of the dome, and thereby increase the high-frequency cutoff frequency of the speaker's frequency response to meet the user's requirements for treble sound quality. It can also be used to enhance the waterproofness and dustproofness of the dome.

[0055] In some embodiments, the shielding layer may be made of at least one of ferrite, iron-nickel soft magnet, or silicon alloy. In some embodiments, the shielding layer may be a single-layer structure or a multi-layer stacked structure.

[0056] In some embodiments, a flexible circuit board may be provided on the diaphragm. The flexible circuit board may have a control circuit and a device structure for controlling the operation of the speaker. The circuit or device structure in the flexible circuit board generates a music signal to make the speaker sound.

[0057] In some embodiments, the flexible circuit board may also have a displacement protection module. The displacement protection module may be a circuit structure or a separate device structure, or the displacement protection module may be a program written into the flexible circuit board. The displacement protection module may adjust the generated music signal to avoid the problem of excessive vibration amplitude of the voice coil in the speaker causing friction due to the music signal, thereby improving the stability of the speaker.

[0058] In some embodiments, during speaker fabrication, a displacement protection model capable of reflecting the changing relationship between the speaker's motion state and electrical parameters can be obtained through fitting based on the speaker's fitted mechanical and electrical parameters. The displacement protection module is a circuit structure or device structure capable of outputting the displacement protection model. The music signal generated by the flexible printed circuit board is adjusted using the displacement protection model output by the displacement protection module.

[0059] In some embodiments, the displacement protection module may also be disposed outside the speaker, and the displacement protection module is connected to the voice coil, so that the music signal is adjusted through the displacement protection module and output to the speaker.

[0060] In some embodiments, in a direction perpendicular to the surface of the diaphragm 201 , the shape of the diaphragm 221 may be similar to the outline of the voice coil 202 , for example, it may be a square, rectangular, circular, or elliptical shape.

[0061] In some embodiments, in a direction perpendicular to the surface of the diaphragm 201 , the contour of the voice coil 202 is similar to the shape of the center magnet 103 .

[0062] In some embodiments, the material of the voice coil 202 may include conductive materials such as copper or aluminum.

[0063] 1 to 4 , the capacitor assembly 300 includes a first plate 301 and a second plate 302 . The first plate 301 is located on the inner wall of the magnetic gap 101 , and the second plate 302 is located on the inner wall of the magnetic gap 101 or on the surface of the voice coil 202 . The first plate 301 and the second plate 302 are arranged opposite to each other.

[0064] The capacitance value of the capacitor assembly 300 can be calculated using the following formula:

[0065] Wherein, ε is the dielectric constant between the first electrode plate 301 and the second electrode plate 302; S is the relative area between the first electrode plate 301 and the second electrode plate 302; and d is the relative distance between the first electrode plate 301 and the second electrode plate 302.

[0066] Any change in one or more of the dielectric constant, relative area, or relative distance will cause a change in the capacitance value of the capacitor component 300 .

[0067] In one example, referring to Figure 1 , the first pole plate 301 can be located on the side of the edge magnet 102 facing the magnetic gap 101, and the second pole plate 302 can be located on the surface of the voice coil 202 facing the edge magnet 102. In this way, when the voice coil 202 moves up and down in a direction perpendicular to the surface of the center magnet 103, the relative area between the first pole plate 301 and the second pole plate 302 changes, and the capacitance value of the capacitor assembly 300 changes accordingly. The change in the capacitance value of the capacitor assembly 303 can be used to calculate the motion state of the voice coil 202.

[0068] In one example, referring to Figure 2 , when the first pole plate 301 is located on the side of the center magnet 103 facing the magnetic gap 101, the second pole plate 302 can be located on the side of the side magnet 102 facing the magnetic gap 101. In this way, when the voice coil 202 moves up and down in a direction perpendicular to the surface of the center magnet 103, the dielectric material between the first pole plate 301 and the second pole plate 302 changes, and the capacitance of the capacitor assembly 300 changes accordingly. The motion state of the voice coil 202 can be calculated based on the change in the capacitance of the capacitor assembly 300.

[0069] In one example, referring to FIG3 , when the first pole plate 301 is located on the side of the center magnet 103 facing the magnetic gap 101, the second pole plate 302 can be located on the surface of the voice coil 202 facing the center magnet 103. In this way, when the voice coil 202 moves up and down in a direction perpendicular to the surface of the center magnet 103, the relative area between the first pole plate 301 and the second pole plate 302 changes, and the capacitance value of the capacitor assembly 300 changes accordingly. The change in the capacitance value of the capacitor assembly 300 can be used to calculate the motion state of the voice coil 202.

[0070] In one example, referring to FIG4 , when the first pole plate 301 is located at the bottom surface of the magnetic gap 101, the second pole plate 302 can be located at the bottom surface of the voice coil 202. In this way, when the voice coil 202 moves up and down in a direction perpendicular to the surface of the center magnet 103, the relative distance between the first pole plate 301 and the second pole plate 302 changes accordingly, and the capacitance value of the capacitor assembly 300 changes accordingly. The change in the capacitance value of the capacitor assembly 300 can be used to calculate the motion state of the voice coil 202.

[0071] In some embodiments, the surface of the first plate 301 facing the second plate 302 may have a first insulating layer (not shown in the figure), and the surface of the second plate 302 facing the first plate 301 may have a second insulating layer (not shown in the figure). In this way, for the capacitor assembly 300 shown in Figures 1, 3, and 4, the problem of leakage caused by direct contact between the first plate 301 and the second plate 302 can be avoided; for the capacitor assembly 300 shown in Figure 2, the problem of leakage caused by direct contact between the first plate 301 or the second plate 302 and the voice coil 202 can be avoided, thereby improving the reliability of the speaker.

[0072] In some embodiments, the material of the first insulating layer and the material of the second insulating layer may both include polyvinyl chloride, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyimide, or glass fiber reinforced plastic.

[0073] FIG7 is a schematic structural diagram of a speaker provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0074] 7 , in some embodiments, there may be multiple capacitor assemblies 300 , and different capacitor assemblies 300 are disposed at intervals within the magnetic gap 101 .

[0075] In this way, when the voice coil 202 tilts or swings relative to the magnet assembly 100, the capacitance values ​​of the capacitor assemblies 300 at different positions have different change trends. The state of the voice coil 202 when it swings can be calculated based on the capacitance values ​​of multiple capacitor assemblies 300, so as to more accurately test the movement state of the voice coil 202. In this way, the multiple capacitor assemblies 300 can not only prevent the voice coil 202 from rubbing against the magnet assembly 100 in the vertical direction, but also prevent the voice coil 202 from rubbing against the magnet assembly 100 in the horizontal direction, thereby improving the reliability of the speaker.

[0076] In some embodiments, referring to FIG7 , at least two capacitor assemblies 300 can be symmetrically arranged along the central axis S of the magnet assembly 100. In this way, the changes in the capacitance values ​​of the two capacitor assemblies 300 have a relative relationship, and the motion state of the voice coil 202 can be more accurately calculated based on the capacitance values ​​of the two capacitor assemblies 300 and the relative relationship. For example, when the symmetrically arranged capacitor assemblies 300 have the same structure, the capacitance values ​​of the two capacitor assemblies 300 should change in the same manner when the voice coil 202 only moves up and down. If the capacitance value of one capacitor assembly 300 increases and the capacitance value of the other capacitor assembly 300 decreases, it can be determined that the voice coil 202 is tilted. The tilt angle α of the voice coil 202 can be calculated based on the capacitance values ​​of the two sets of capacitor assemblies 300, thereby reflecting the real-time motion state of the voice coil 202.

[0077] It is understandable that the structures of the capacitor components 300 located at different positions may be different or the same, and may be specifically combined with the capacitor components 300 of different structures provided in the above embodiments.

[0078] In some embodiments, the speaker may also include a shell 400, and the magnet assembly 100, the vibration assembly 200 and the capacitor assembly 300 may all be arranged in the shell 400. The shell 400 can provide protection for the magnet assembly 100, the vibration assembly 200 and the capacitor assembly 300, preventing the magnet assembly 100, the vibration assembly 200 and the capacitor assembly 300 from direct contact with the external environment and causing damage, thereby improving the service life and stability of the speaker.

[0079] The speaker provided in the embodiment of the present application includes a magnet assembly 100 and a vibration assembly 200. The magnet assembly 100 has a magnetic gap 101 that is recessed from the surface of the magnet assembly 100 into the magnet assembly 100. The vibration assembly 200 includes a diaphragm 201 and a voice coil 202 fixedly connected to the diaphragm 201. The voice coil 202 is located in the magnetic gap 101 formed by the magnet assembly 100. When the voice coil 202 receives a sound signal, it drives the diaphragm 201 to vibrate under the action of the magnet assembly 100, inducing the surrounding air to produce sound, thereby converting electrical energy into sound energy. The capacitor assembly 300 of the loudspeaker includes a first pole plate 301 and a second pole plate 302. The first pole plate 301 is located on the inner wall of the magnetic gap 101, and the second pole plate 302 is located on the inner wall of the magnetic gap 101 or the surface of the voice coil 202. The first pole plate 301 and the second pole plate 302 are arranged opposite to each other. During the sound generation process of the loudspeaker, the voice coil 202 will be displaced relative to the magnet assembly 100. In this way, the capacitance value of the capacitor assembly 300 will change with the relative area or relative distance between the first pole plate 301 and the second pole plate 302, or with the change of the dielectric material between the first pole plate 301 and the second pole plate 302. Based on the change in the capacitance value of the capacitor assembly 300, the actual displacement of the voice coil 202 can be calculated, and the real-time vibration state of the voice coil 202 can be obtained based on the actual displacement data of the voice coil 202. When the music signal is directly output to the speaker, the real-time vibration state of the voice coil can be fed back to the output terminal that outputs the music signal. This allows the output terminal to adjust the parameters of the corresponding music signal based on the real-time vibration state of the voice coil, thereby preventing excessive displacement of the voice coil 202 and causing rubbing, thereby improving the reliability of the speaker. When the music signal is adjusted by the displacement protection model before being output to the speaker, the real-time vibration state of the voice coil 202 can be fed back to the displacement protection model, allowing the displacement protection model to adjust the accuracy of the algorithm in real time. This allows the displacement protection model to more accurately predict the displacement of the voice coil 202 at the next moment and output a more accurately adjusted music signal, thereby preventing excessive displacement of the voice coil 202 and causing rubbing, thereby improving the reliability of the speaker.

[0080] Another embodiment of the present application provides a method for testing the displacement of a loudspeaker, which can be used to test any of the loudspeakers in the above embodiments to improve the reliability of the loudspeaker. It should be noted that for parts that are identical or corresponding to the above embodiments, reference can be made to the corresponding descriptions of the above embodiments and will not be described in detail below. The loudspeaker displacement testing method provided in this embodiment will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0081] FIG8 is a flowchart corresponding to a method for testing the displacement of a loudspeaker provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0082] Referring to FIG8 , the displacement test method of a loudspeaker includes:

[0083] Step 11: Provide an initial sound signal.

[0084] In some embodiments, if the speaker has a flexible circuit board, the initial sound signal can be generated from within the speaker based on the flexible circuit board. In some embodiments, the speaker can also be connected via an external circuit to generate the initial sound signal based on the external circuit.

[0085] Step 12: Use the initial displacement protection model to adjust the initial sound signal to obtain an adjusted sound signal. If the vibration component responds to the initial sound signal, the vibration component generates a first displacement. If the vibration component responds to the adjusted sound signal, the vibration component generates a second displacement, and the second displacement is less than or equal to the first displacement.

[0086] In some embodiments, an initial displacement protection model can be obtained during the speaker manufacturing process. Specifically, the initial displacement protection model reflecting the changing relationship between the speaker's motion state and electrical parameters can be obtained through fitting based on the speaker's fitted mechanical and electrical parameters. In some embodiments, a displacement protection module can be provided externally to the speaker and connected to the speaker. The displacement protection module is a circuit structure or device structure capable of outputting a displacement protection model. If the speaker includes a flexible printed circuit board, the displacement protection module can be provided within the flexible printed circuit board.

[0087] By adjusting the sound signal through the initial displacement protection model, it is possible to avoid the problem of excessive displacement of the voice coil inside the speaker and collision caused by the direct output of the music signal to the speaker.

[0088] Step 13: Inputting an adjustment sound signal to the vibration component, the vibration component generates vibration in response to the adjustment sound signal.

[0089] Step 14: Obtain an actual displacement parameter of the vibration component according to the capacitor component. The actual displacement parameter represents the actual displacement of the vibration component during the vibration process relative to the static state.

[0090] Step 15: Adjust the initial displacement protection model according to the actual displacement parameters to obtain the target displacement protection model.

[0091] In some embodiments, an initial displacement protection model is used to adjust the initial sound signal, including: comparing the initial parameters corresponding to the initial sound signal with preset parameters; if the initial parameters are higher than the preset parameters, lowering the initial parameters to obtain adjustment parameters, and using the sound signal corresponding to the adjustment parameters as the adjustment sound signal; if the initial parameters are less than or equal to the preset parameters, using the initial sound signal as the adjustment sound signal.

[0092] In the displacement testing method for a loudspeaker provided in this embodiment, an initial sound signal is first adjusted by an initial displacement protection model. The resulting adjusted sound signal causes the vibration component to generate smaller vibrations in response to the adjusted sound signal than when it generates the initial sound signal. This prevents the vibration component from rubbing against the magnet component. Furthermore, when the adjusted sound signal is transmitted to the vibration component for sound and vibration, the vibration component generates an actual displacement in response to the adjusted sound signal. The actual displacement parameters of the vibration component are calculated based on data from the capacitor component. The actual displacement parameters represent the actual vibration state of the vibration component. By comparing the actual displacement parameters with the expected displacement parameters from the initial displacement protection model, the accuracy of the initial displacement protection model can be determined. The initial displacement protection model can then be adjusted based on the deviation between the actual displacement parameters and the expected state to obtain a target displacement protection model. This repeated process allows for real-time feedback to be provided to the target displacement protection model based on the actual displacement state of the vibration component, allowing the target displacement protection model to be updated and adjusted in real time. This results in a higher accuracy target displacement protection model, which is more conducive to improving the reliability of the loudspeaker.

[0093] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the above-mentioned embodiments are specific examples for implementing the present application, and that in actual applications, various changes may be made thereto in form and detail without departing from the spirit and scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A loudspeaker, comprising: A magnet assembly having a magnetic gap recessed from a surface of the magnet assembly into the magnet assembly; a vibration assembly, the vibration assembly comprising a diaphragm and a voice coil, the diaphragm being suspended above the magnet assembly, the voice coil being located on a surface of the diaphragm facing the magnet assembly, and the voice coil being suspended within the magnetic gap; A capacitor assembly, the capacitor assembly includes a first pole plate and a second pole plate, the first pole plate is located on the inner wall of the magnetic gap, the second pole plate is located on the inner wall of the magnetic gap or the surface of the voice coil, and the first pole plate and the second pole plate are arranged opposite to each other.

2. The loudspeaker according to claim 1, wherein The magnet assembly comprises: The bottom magnet, the center magnet and the edge magnet are both arranged on the bottom magnet, the edge magnet surrounds the center magnet, and the gap between the center magnet and the edge magnet serves as the magnetic gap.

3. The loudspeaker according to claim 2, wherein The first pole plate is located on the side of the center magnet facing the magnetic gap; the second pole plate is located on the surface of the voice coil facing the center magnet, or the second pole plate is located on the side of the side magnet facing the magnetic gap.

4. The loudspeaker according to claim 2, wherein The first pole plate is located on the side of the edge magnet facing the magnetic gap; the second pole plate is located on the surface of the voice coil facing the edge magnet.

5. The loudspeaker according to claim 1, wherein The first pole plate is located on the bottom surface of the magnetic gap, and the second pole plate is located on the bottom surface of the voice coil.

6. The loudspeaker according to claim 1, wherein There are multiple capacitor components, and different capacitor components are arranged at intervals in the magnetic gap.

7. The loudspeaker according to claim 6, wherein At least two capacitor components are symmetrically arranged along the central axis of the magnet component.

8. The loudspeaker according to claim 1, wherein A surface of the first electrode plate facing the second electrode plate has a first insulating layer, and a surface of the second electrode plate facing the first electrode plate has a second insulating layer.

9. A method for testing the displacement of a loudspeaker, for testing the loudspeaker according to any one of claims 1 to 8, comprising: Provide initial sound signal; The initial sound signal is adjusted using an initial displacement protection model to obtain an adjusted sound signal, wherein if the vibration component responds to the initial sound signal, the vibration component generates a first displacement; if the vibration component responds to the adjusted sound signal, the vibration component generates a second displacement, and the second displacement is less than or equal to the first displacement; inputting the adjustment sound signal to the vibration component, wherein the vibration component generates vibration in response to the adjustment sound signal; Acquire an actual displacement parameter of the vibration component according to the capacitance component, where the actual displacement parameter represents an actual displacement of the vibration component relative to a static state during the vibration process; The initial displacement protection model is adjusted according to the actual displacement parameter to obtain a target displacement protection model.

10. The displacement testing method according to claim 9, wherein: The initial sound signal is adjusted using an initial displacement protection model, including: comparing an initial parameter corresponding to the initial sound signal with a preset parameter, and if the initial parameter is higher than the preset parameter, reducing the initial parameter to obtain an adjustment parameter, and using the sound signal corresponding to the adjustment parameter as the adjusted sound signal; If the initial parameter is less than or equal to the preset parameter, the initial sound signal is used as the adjusted sound signal.

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