Treatment method for biomass organic waste and water-soluble organic fertilizer obtained therefrom
The described method efficiently converts biomass waste into water-soluble organic fertilizer through catalytic hydrolysis and ultrasonic chelation, addressing inefficiencies in existing waste treatment methods and promoting plant growth without environmental harm.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2025/082976
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-03-17
- Publication Date
- 2025-09-25
AI Technical Summary
Current methods for handling biomass organic waste, such as landfilling, feed processing, composting, and anaerobic digestion, face inefficiencies, land occupation, secondary pollution, and incomplete pathogen elimination, necessitating a safe, efficient, and cost-effective treatment solution.
A method involving crushing biomass waste, adding a catalyst, heating to 140-160°C and pressurizing to 0.8-1.4 MPa for catalytic hydrolysis, followed by ultrasonic chelation and high-speed mechanical shearing to produce water-soluble organic fertilizer from small molecule organic compounds.
The method effectively decomposes biomass waste into small molecules, producing a fertilizer that promotes plant growth without secondary pollution, in a closed system with high efficiency and low energy consumption.
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Figure CN2025082976_25092025_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
TREATMENT METHOD FOR BIOMASS ORGANIC WASTE AND WATER-SOLUBLE ORGANIC FERTILIZER OBTAINED THEREFROMTECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present application relates to the field of treatment of biomass organic waste for efficient resource recovery, and in particular to a treatment method for biomass organic waste and a water-soluble organic fertilizer obtained therefrom.BACKGROUND
[0002] The biomass organic waste mentioned in the present application refers to various discarded materials from plants, animals, and microorganisms that are not needed by humans, including but not limited to kitchen waste, fallen leaves, and algal debris in water. This type of waste is typically perishable organic waste, characterized by its complex composition, high moisture content, and high organic matter content. As a result, it is prone to the proliferation of harmful bacteria, the spread of diseases, and environmental pollution. Currently, the common methods for handling this type of waste are as follows:
[0003] 1. Landfilling: This method occupies land resources and poses serious secondary pollution problems such as leachate and landfill gas.
[0004] 2. Feed processing: This method is limited by its preparation process, where harmful bacteria and viruses are difficult to eliminate completely, and many macromolecular components cannot be fully processed.
[0005] 3. Composting: This method requires a large area of land and is prone to secondary pollution, and the effectiveness of compost products is often poor, making market promotion difficult.
[0006] 4. Anaerobic digestion for biogas production: This method has poor stability, and the digestate and effluent can easily cause secondary pollution.
[0007] The above-mentioned existing methods for handling this type of waste all have shortcomings. As human development progresses, the volume of this waste has significantly increased. Therefore, efficient, safe, and low-cost treatment methods are desired.SUMMARY
[0008] In order to solve the aforementioned problems, a treatment method and device system according to the present application can efficiently, safely, and cost-effectively process biomass organic waste, and can also produce a water-soluble organic fertilizer that is beneficial for plant growth.
[0009] The treatment method for biomass organic waste according to the present application includes crushing the biomass organic waste, adding a catalyst, heating the mixture to 140℃to 160℃, and applying a pressure of 0.8 MPa to 1.4 MPa, followed by a catalytic hydrolysis reaction for 30 min to 60 min to obtain small molecule organic compounds; and adding mineral elements into the obtained small molecule organic compounds, and obtaining water-soluble organic fertilizer through both ultrasonic chelation and high-speed mechanical shearing, where
[0010] the catalyst consists of the following components in parts by weight:
[0011] 3 to 7 parts by weight of zinc acetate, 6 to 21 parts by weight of manganese borate, 4 to 8 parts by weight of copper sulfate, 8 to 16 parts by weight of magnesium sulfate, 1 to 5 parts by weight of ruthenium acetate, 20 to 40 parts by weight of phosphoric acid, and 15 to 55 parts by weight of vermiculite.
[0012] The present application targets biomass organic waste, which is first crushed to a certain particle size. A specific catalyst is then added, and the mixture is heated and pressurized to a subcritical state of water. This process facilitates the catalytic reaction under the influence of the catalyst for a certain period, resulting in the decomposition of macromolecular organic matter into smaller molecule organic compounds, such as amino acids, oligopeptides, monosaccharides, oligosaccharides, and organic acids. Herein, the biomass organic waste is subjected to direct or indirect heating to achieve a temperature and pressure that reaches the subcritical state of water. Under the influence of the catalyst, the subcritical water more easily activates hydrogen ions, which then attack the oxygen bridges in the macromolecular organic matter. This action promotes the breaking of molecular bonds, resulting in the formation of a water molecule while simultaneously degrading the macromolecular organic substances into smaller molecular organic substances. Further, in the treatment method of the present application, after the small molecule organic substances are obtained, the broken oxygen bridges connect with mineral elements, forming a chelated water-soluble organic fertilizer. This organic fertilizer can promote plant growth.
[0013] As described above, the catalyst used in the aforementioned process is a mixture of various metal compounds that have been ground into a powder. Each component used is formulated in parts by weight, and each component can be sourced from commercially available products.
[0014] In the treatment method of the present application, the heating temperature may reach 140℃ to 160℃, preferably 145℃, 150℃, or 155℃, for example; the pressure can reach 0.8 MPa to 1.4 MPa, preferably 1.0 MPa or 1.2 MPa, for example; and the catalytic hydrolysis reaction time may reach 30 min to 60 min, preferably, 35 min, 40 min, 45 min, 50 min, or 55 min, for example.
[0015] In addition, in the treatment method of the present application, the use of ultrasonic chelation not only facilitates the chelation of small molecule organic compounds with mineral elements to form the chelated water-soluble organic fertilizer, but also promotes the further breaking of covalent bonds in the organic matter under ultrasonic action. This process allows for more macromolecular organic matter to be decomposed into smaller molecule organic compounds. Additionally, ultrasonic treatment can break up particle agglomeration, ensuring a uniform dispersion of materials and improving product stability.
[0016] Moreover, in the treatment method of the present application, the biomass organic waste used can be extracted from various mixed wastes in a reasonable manner. Since most waste materials coexist together, the biomass organic waste used in the treatment method of the present application can be extracted from mixed wastes using techniques such as air separation, water separation, and magnetic separation. Herein, air separation can remove lightweight materials such as paper and plastic films, water separation can remove wastes such as glass, ceramics, hard plastics, and bamboo chips, and magnetic separation can remove iron-containing wastes. Through the above method of screening biomass organic waste from mixed wastes, the mass ratio of biomass organic waste in the obtained material can reach more than 97%.
[0017] Further, in the treatment method of the present application, after the catalytic hydrolysis reaction, if the resulting product still contains plastic particles, metals, or other impurities, these can be further removed, and similarly, any metals or particles introduced by the catalyst itself can also be eliminated, so as to obtain more purified small molecule organic compounds and water-soluble organic fertilizer.
[0018] The treatment method of the present application can produce the water-soluble organic fertilizer that is beneficial for plants, without generating organic waste residues, waste liquids, or waste gases, thus avoiding secondary pollution to the environment. Moreover, the method is cost-effective, safe, and efficient.
[0019] In a preferred embodiment of the present application, the small molecule organic compounds obtained by the treatment method may include more than 95%by weight of small molecules such as amino acids, oligopeptides, monosaccharides, oligosaccharides, and organic acids; and it is particularly preferable that the weight fraction thereof is 95.2%or more, or 97.3%or more.
[0020] In a preferred embodiment of the present application, a mass ratio of the catalyst to the biomass organic waste may be (0.1 to 0.5) : 100. Generally, the higher the proportion of the catalyst, the faster the reaction. The appropriate catalyst ratio can be determined based on the composition of the raw materials to achieve optimal reaction results.
[0021] In a preferred embodiment of the present application, the biomass organic waste may be crushed to a certain extent, for example, to a particle size not exceeding 0.5 cm. With this particle size, it is beneficial for the rapid progression of the catalytic hydrolysis reaction, thereby shortening the reaction time and reducing energy consumption costs.
[0022] In a preferred embodiment of the present application, the mass ratio of small molecule organic compounds to mineral elements may be adjusted according to the needs of plants, preferably set at 100: (5 to 20) , to accommodate a wide range of plants.
[0023] In a preferred embodiment of the present application, the ultrasonic frequency in the ultrasonic chelation can be adjusted based on the proportion of small molecule content in the small molecule organic compounds obtained from the aforementioned catalytic hydrolysis reaction. For example, if the content of small molecules is high, the ultrasonic frequency is set lower; if the content is low, the ultrasonic frequency is set higher. Additionally, ultrasonic devices located at the bottom and lateral sides of the chelation device form a 90-degree angle. The frequency of the ultrasonic device at the bottom side is preferably set at 60 kHz to 120 kHz, while the frequency of the ultrasonic device at the lateral side is preferably set at 120 kHz to 200 kHz.
[0024] In a preferred embodiment of the present application, ultrasonic emission positions in the ultrasonic chelation include a bottom side and a lateral side, where the bottom and lateral sides refer to the bottom and lateral sides of the device in which the small molecule organic compounds and mineral elements are placed. The specific location, quantity, distance, etc. of the ultrasonic devices can also be adjusted according to the proportion of small molecules in the small molecule organic compounds.
[0025] In a preferred embodiment of the present application, in addition to mineral elements, the water-soluble organic fertilizer obtained through the dual effects of ultrasonic chelation and high-speed mechanical shearing has a higher small molecule content compared to the small molecular organic compounds that have not undergone ultrasonic chelation, and in particular, the weight ratio is preferably 0.2%to 0.5%higher. For example, the water-soluble organic fertilizer that can be obtained contains, in addition to mineral elements, small molecules such as amino acids, oligopeptides, monosaccharides, oligosaccharides, and organic acids with a weight fraction of 95.5%or more.
[0026] Any device system employing any of the foregoing treatment methods and water-soluble organic fertilizer obtained by any of the foregoing treatment methods fall within the scope of the present application. The device system includes a crushing device, a heating and pressurizing reaction device, a chelating device and an ultrasonic device, where after biomass organic waste is crushed by the crushing device, a catalyst is added to the crushed biomass organic waste, and the mixture is then heated to 140℃ to 160℃ and pressurized to 0.8 MPa to 1.4 MPa in the heating and pressurizing reaction device for a catalytic hydrolysis reaction for 30 min to 60 min to obtain small molecule organic compounds; and mineral elements are added to the obtained small molecule organic compounds, and a water-soluble organic fertilizer is obtained by chelating in a chelating device under the dual action of ultrasonic waves emitted by the ultrasonic device and high-speed mechanical shearing.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
[0027] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a treatment method according to the present application.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0028] In order to make the objectives, technical schemes and advantages of embodiments of the present application clearer, the technical schemes in the embodiments of the present application are clearly and completely described hereinafter with reference to the embodiments of the present application. It is obvious that the described embodiments are only some of the embodiments instead of all the embodiments of the present application. Generally, the components of embodiments of the present application described and illustrated herein may be arranged and designed in a variety of different configurations.
[0029] Referring to FIG. 1, FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a treatment method according to the present application. As shown in FIG. 1, mixed wastes undergo air separation to remove lightweight items such as paper and plastics, followed by magnetic separation to eliminate metals, manual screening to remove waste like fluorescent tubes and batteries, and water separation to eliminate glass, ceramics, masonry, and wood. The resulting biomass organic waste is then combined with a catalyst and subjected to heating and pressurization, and after the catalytic hydrolysis reaction, small molecule organic compounds are obtained. Mineral elements are added into the obtained small molecule organic compounds, and a water-soluble organic fertilizer is obtained through dual effects of ultrasonic chelation and high-speed mechanical shearing. Additionally, any remaining plastic particles and metals can be screened out after the catalytic hydrolysis reaction. Even if a small amount of paper is present, it can also be degraded into small molecule organic compounds through the catalytic hydrolysis reaction. The final small molecule organic compounds mainly include substances such as amino acids, oligopeptides, and oligosaccharides. The mixed wastes can originate from household waste, fallen leaves, and water pollution debris, among others.
[0030] The catalytic hydrolysis reaction was conducted using the treatment method shown in FIG. 1 under different parameters to prepare the corresponding water-soluble organic fertilizer, in order to test the extent of catalytic degradation into small molecule organic compounds. The biomass organic waste used came from uniformly processed wastes that had undergone air separation, magnetic separation, manual screening, and water separation. Specifically, it can be divided into several groups, each with certain variations in the materials and parameters used. Please refer to the table below, with each group corresponding to an example:
[0031] The (1) , (2) , (3) , (4) , and (5) in the table above represents different proportion combinations of catalyst components:
[0032] (1) 5 parts by weight of zinc acetate, 11 parts by weight of manganese borate, 7 parts by weight of copper sulfate, 12 parts by weight of magnesium sulfate, 3 parts by weight of ruthenium acetate, 28 parts by weight of phosphoric acid, and 34 parts by weight of vermiculite;
[0033] (2) 7 parts by weight of zinc acetate, 9 parts by weight of manganese borate, 5 parts by weight of copper sulfate, 8 parts by weight of magnesium sulfate, 5 parts by weight of ruthenium acetate, 35 parts by weight of phosphoric acid, and 31 parts by weight of vermiculite;
[0034] (3) 6 parts by weight of zinc acetate, 7 parts by weight of manganese borate, 4 parts by weight of copper sulfate, 15 parts by weight of magnesium sulfate, 4 parts by weight of ruthenium acetate, 21 parts by weight of phosphoric acid, and 43 parts by weight of vermiculite;
[0035] (4) 3 parts by weight of zinc acetate, 20 parts by weight of manganese borate, 4 parts by weight of copper sulfate, 9 parts by weight of magnesium sulfate, 1 parts by weight of ruthenium acetate, 33 parts by weight of phosphoric acid, and 30 parts by weight of vermiculite; and
[0036] (5) 4 parts by weight of zinc acetate, 17 parts by weight of manganese borate, 6 parts by weight of copper sulfate, 10 parts by weight of magnesium sulfate, 2 parts by weight of ruthenium acetate, 30 parts by weight of phosphoric acid, and 31 parts by weight of vermiculite.
[0037] For the above Examples 1 to 5, the specific parameters and ratios used in each example are slightly different, that is, in Example 1 in the above table, the same batch of biomass organic waste can be treated under different parameters and ratios in the table below, resulting in Examples 1-1, 1-2, and 1-3, with the others following similarly. In the table below, the mass ratio of the catalyst to the biomass organic waste is denoted as X, the maximum particle size of the biomass organic waste after being crushed is denoted as Y, the mass ratio of small molecule organic compounds to mineral elements is denoted as Z, and in the chelation process, the ultrasonic frequency of the ultrasonic device at the lateral side is 180 kHz, and the ultrasonic frequency of the ultrasonic device at the bottom side is denoted as H. In the aforementioned examples, under different specific parameters and ratios, the mass proportion of all the small molecule organic substances to the total organic compounds obtained is denoted as d1, and the mass proportion of all the small molecule organic substances to the total dry weight of the obtained water-soluble organic fertilizer is denoted as d2.
[0038] The economic benefits generated by the aforementioned treatment methods for the biomass organic waste are illustrated as follows:
[0039] Example 1-1: One ton of biomass organic waste underwent catalytic hydrolysis to produce 963 kg of small molecule organic compounds. These small molecule organic compounds are soluble organic matter primarily composed of amino acids, oligopeptides, monosaccharides, oligosaccharides, and organic acids, with molecular weights ranging from 200 to 3000 daltons. Through the dual effects of ultrasonic chelation and high-speed mechanical shearing, the small molecule organic matter can form coordination bonding with trace elements, allowing for the chelation of trace elements at a mass percentage of 5%to 20%.
[0040] From the examples described above, the treatment method for biomass organic waste in the present application can efficiently decompose the biomass organic waste into small molecule organic compounds, with no wastewater, waste residue, or waste gas generated throughout the process, has a high utilization rate of biological atoms, and is safe and effective. The treatment method of the present application operates in a fully closed system throughout the process, generating no organic waste gas, wastewater, or waste residue, thus avoiding secondary pollution. The entire process takes no more than 6 hours, making it easy to achieve continuous industrial operation with a small footprint. Biomass organic waste is fully degraded, with over 95%being converted into small molecules, and the resulting product is completely soluble in water, making it suitable for modern agricultural practices such as facility agriculture, soilless cultivation, and integrated water and fertilizer management.
[0041] The above is only the description of some preferable embodiments of the present application, and is not intended to limit the present application. It will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art that various modifications and variations can be made to the present application. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present application shall fall within the scope of protection of the present application.
Claims
1.A treatment method for biomass organic waste, comprising: crushing the biomass organic waste, adding a catalyst, heating the mixture to 140℃ to 160℃, and applying a pressure of 0.8 MPa to 1.4 MPa, followed by a catalytic hydrolysis reaction for 30 min to 60 min to obtain small molecule organic compounds; and adding mineral elements into the obtained small molecule organic compounds, and obtaining a water-soluble organic fertilizer through both ultrasonic chelation and high-speed mechanical shearing, whereinthe catalyst consists of the following components in parts by weight:3 to 7 parts by weight of zinc acetate, 6 to 21 parts by weight of manganese borate, 4 to 8 parts by weight of copper sulfate, 8 to 16 parts by weight of magnesium sulfate, 1 to 5 parts by weight of ruthenium acetate, 20 to 40 parts by weight of phosphoric acid, and 15 to 55 parts by weight of vermiculite.2.The treatment method of claim 1, wherein the small molecule organic compounds comprise more than 95%by weight of small molecules such as amino acids, oligopeptides, monosaccharides, oligosaccharides, and organic acids.3.The treatment method of claim 1, wherein a mass ratio of the catalyst to the biomass organic waste is (0.1 to 0.5) : 100.4.The treatment method of claim 1, wherein the biomass organic waste is crushed to a particle size of no more than 0.5 cm.5.The treatment method of claim 1, wherein a mass ratio of the small molecule organic compounds to the mineral elements is 100: (5 to 20) .6.The treatment method of claim 1, wherein an ultrasonic frequency in the ultrasonic chelation is 60 kHz to 200 kHz.7.The treatment method of claim 1, wherein ultrasonic emission positions in the ultrasonic chelation include a bottom side and a lateral side.8.A device system employing the treatment method of any one of claims 1 to 7, comprising: a crushing device, a heating and pressurizing reaction device, a chelating device and an ultrasonic device, wherein after biomass organic waste is crushed by the crushing device, a catalyst is added to the crushed biomass organic waste, and the mixture is then heated to 140℃ to 160℃ and pressurized to 0.8 MPa to 1.4 MPa in the heating and pressurizing reaction device for a catalytic hydrolysis reaction for 30 min to 60 min to obtain small molecule organic compounds; and mineral elements are added to the obtained small molecule organic compounds, and a water-soluble organic fertilizer is obtained by chelating in a chelating device under the dual effects of ultrasonic waves emitted by the ultrasonic device and high-speed mechanical shearing.9.A water-soluble organic fertilizer obtained by the method of any one of claims 1 to 7.
Citation Information
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