Apparatus for treating a fibrous material with a dust-binding agent, corresponding method, and dust-binding agent

Abstract

The invention relates to an apparatus (1) for treating a fibrous material, preferably hay or straw, wherein the apparatus comprises: - a spray chamber (3) which has an inlet opening (4), an outlet opening (5), and at least one rotary atomiser (6) arranged between the inlet and outlet openings (4; 5) for atomising and spraying a dust-binding agent onto a fibrous material (2); - a supply unit (7) which is designed to introduce the fibrous material (2) through the inlet opening (4) into the spray chamber (3); and - a loosening unit (8) for loosening and / or comminuting the fibrous material (2); wherein the feed unit (7) is designed as a funnel. The invention also relates to a corresponding method and to a dust-binding agent.

Description

[0001] Device for treating a fibrous material with a dust preventive agent, a corresponding method and a dust preventive agent

[0002] The invention relates to a device for treating a fibrous material with a dust-binding agent, a corresponding method, and a dust-binding agent. A method and a device for treating hay or straw are known, for example, from DE 31 07 656 A1, US 2018 / 0035692 Ai, or WO 2018 / 152649 Ai.

[0003] In animal husbandry, dust contamination of bedding materials, such as straw, is a major problem. Serious health problems can be expected from dust in horse husbandry, particularly when used as bedding or when feeding hay as a basic feed. Dust problems are also very common in organic pig farming, as well as in cattle farming, due to straw used as bedding.

[0004] Aerosols are generally defined as the smallest particles in a solid or liquid state that are suspended in a gaseous medium and are created by the atomization or pulverization of liquid or solid substances. Bioaerosols are complex airborne particles of biological origin, which are generally divided into living and inanimate particles. Living particles represent all airborne substances of biological origin from humans, animals, plants, and microbes (e.g., bacteria, fungi, viruses, mites, yeasts, protozoa, endotoxins). Depending on their origin, these can trigger allergic, toxic, and infectious reactions in the organism. Dusts represent the inanimate component and are defined as dispersed distributions of solid substances in gases, which can arise through mechanical processes or through resuspension. Living and inanimate particles form joint agglomerates, with approx.80% of airborne microorganisms are attached to particles. This clustering is also referred to as a "cluster," with dust acting as a carrier, as the living components of the bioaerosol adhere to the dust particles. The physical properties of particles play a particularly important role for the health of horses, as the lungs function as a kind of filter. This protects the alveoli (the smallest functional units of the respiratory tract) from being contaminated with inhaled particles. Although many inhaled particles are cleared by the mucous membranes of the respiratory tract, particles can penetrate into the alveoli depending on their size, chemical properties (hydrophilic or hydrophobic), shape, and density (Art T. et al., Environmental Control of Respiratory Disease. Equine Respiratory Diseases, International Veterinary Information Service, New York, 2002).

[0005] The size of a particle is of crucial importance for the health of humans and animals. Particles can be divided into fractions based on their aerodynamic diameter. The classification of particles into fractions has been defined differently in the literature. In the past, a distinction was made between coarse dust (50–500 pm), medium dust (10–50 pm), fine dust (0.5–10 pm), and ultrafine dust (0.1–0.5 pm) (Melhorn G., Lehrbuch der Tierhygiene I., Fischer Verlag, Jena, Stuttgart, pp. 89–120, 1979).

[0006] A further classification is made in connection with information on emission factors or mass concentrations. This is referred to as PM (particulate matter), where, for example, PM10 and PM4 include all particles described by a separation curve with a 50% separation efficiency below 10 pm and 4 pm, respectively. According to ISO 7708:1995 (Beuth-Verlag, Berlin, page 3), the PM10 fraction is equivalent to the thoracic fraction (DIN EN 481:1993, Beuth-Verlag, Berlin, page 4).

[0007] Various studies have been conducted on the effects of elevated particulate matter concentrations in stable air on the health of horses. The most common respiratory diseases in sport horses, some of which have even been described as "occupational diseases," are COB (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease - COPD), RAO (recurrent respiratory disease that can only be eliminated or alleviated by changes in husbandry or feed or the use of bronchodilators), and IAD (infectious inflammation of the respiratory tract). The level of particulate matter concentration is not the only decisive factor. The size of the respective particles has a decisive influence on the potential for respiratory disease, with the thoracic (PM10) and alveolar particle fractions (PM4) being particularly relevant.Particles of this size can penetrate into the smallest functional units (alveoli) of the respiratory tract and damage them.

[0008] Bitterle (Bitterle E., Oxidative and inflammatory mechanisms of target cells of the alveolar epithelium after exposure to ultrafine aerosol particles at the air-medium interface, Diss., Technical University of Munich, 2004) describes the throat and pharynx region (impaction) as the main site of deposition for particles of size 10 pm. According to Seedorf and Hartung (Seedorf J. & Hartung J., Dusts and Microorganisms in Animal Husbandry, KTBL publication 393, ISBN 3784321453, 2002), the majority of large particles with a diameter > 5 pm are expelled by impaction in the upper part of the respiratory tract. Fine particles, on the other hand, can penetrate into deeper regions of the respiratory tract, with the fine fraction (< 5 pm) being deposited there by sedimentation and impaction. According to Art et al. (Art T. et al., Environmental Control of Respiratory Disease, Equine Respiratory Diseases, International Veterinary Information Service, New York, 2002), the majority of particles < 0.5 pm in size are excreted from the respiratory tract by expiration, with smaller particles (< 0.1 pm) passing from the bronchioles into the adjacent tissue by diffusion.

[0009] Zeitler (Zeitler MH, Hygienic Significance of Dust and Germ Content in Stable Air, reprint from the "Bavarian Agricultural Yearbook," Proceedings of the 25th Weihenstephan University Conference, 65th Annual, Ed.: TU Weihenstephan, Chair of Animal Hygiene and Livestock Science, Weihenstephan, pp. 151-165, 1988) classifies airborne germs transported by dust particles as particularly dangerous to animal health because they can have infectious, toxic, or allergenic effects. The author attributes a possible overload of mucociliary clearance functions (nonspecific defense mechanisms of the respiratory tract) to the constant mechanical irritation of particles. Overloading these can lead to impairment of the cilia (5-10 pm long cell processes) or even their loss. As a consequence, there is a reduction in the resistance of the respiratory tract, which according to Mayr (Mayr A., ​​Infectious diseases, In: Dietz O.(Huskamp B. Handbook of Equine Practice, 2nd edition, Enke Verlag, Stuttgart, pp. 346-361. ISBN 3432292627, 1999) that even facultative pathogens can trigger symptoms of illness and lead to non-specific coughing. Various studies have shown that the unsuitability of the horse for equestrian sports in over 30% of the horses examined was caused by chronic changes in the respiratory organs. Other studies predict that around 80% of horses kept in stables will exhibit symptomatic damage to the respiratory tract (McPherson EA & Thomson JR, Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in the horse: Nature of the disease, Equine Veterinary Journal, 15, 203-206, 1983).

[0010] RAO (Recurrent Airway Obstruction), mentioned above, is a recurring airway obstruction that represents a state of irritation of the lungs resulting from an allergy. A distinction is made here between infectious agents (bacteria, viruses, and lung parasites), environmental antigens (mold spores, pollen, mites, and dust from hay and straw), and chemical-physical irritants (polluting gases, dust particles). Which of these factors is more important has not yet been clearly researched (Marti E. et al., Relationship between respiratory diseases and allergies in horses, FFP training event on horse health on April 23rd and 24th, 2005 in Münster-Handorf. Topic: Immune diseases in horses, 2005), although Seedorf and Hartung (Seedorf J. & Hartung J., Dusts and Microorganisms in Animal Husbandry, KTBL-Schrift 393, ISBN 3784321453, 2002) see the origin of the disease in an allergic reaction, primarily to mold spores and airborne particles from hay and straw. McPherson and Thomson (McPherson EA & Thomson JR, Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in the horse: Nature of the disease, Equine Veterinary Journal, 15, 203-206, 1983) were able to demonstrate as early as 1983 that the disease is directly related to the content of airborne particles.

[0011] Both airborne particles and mold spores can be responsible for a variety of respiratory tract diseases. These include, for example, air sac mycosis (inflammation of the air sac), which, according to Markus (Markus RG, Investigations into the treatment of air sac mycosis in horses - ligation of the internal carotid artery using transendoscopic clip application, Dissertation, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 2002), is primarily caused by the mold genera Aspergillus, Penicillium, and Candida. According to Franz (Franz C., Der Blick ins Pferd, In: Herbst & Winter 2003 / 2004, 2003), the penetration of foreign bodies and coarse dust particles can also be considered a cause of acute to chronic inflammation. Grabner (Grabner A., ​​Diagnosis and therapy of air sac mycosis in horses, Tierärztliche Praxis, 2, 10-14, 1987) describes the cause of air sac mycosis in more detail.He states that the entry of the mold fungi through the tube valves, which open with each swallowing act, is responsible and suspects that the colonization of the air sac depends both on the mold infestation of the feed and on stable-specific conditions.

[0012] Studies by the University of Ghent (Jolien Van Cleemput et al., Deoxynivalenol, but not fumonisin Bi, aflatoxin Bi or diesel exhaust particles disrupt integrity of the horse's respiratory epithelium and predispose it for equine herpesvirus type 1 infection, Veterinary Microbiology, Volume 234, July 2019, pages 17-24) have shown that, in addition to other pollutants found in hay and straw, such as aerobic mesophilic bacteria, yeasts, or mold, mycotoxins are not only of importance to the health of the animal, but also for the people working in the stable. The studies have shown that toxins such as A-trichothecenes, B-trichothecenes, fumonisins, and cerealenone metabolites are often found in hay and straw and can damage the health of humans and animals.

[0013] The respiratory diseases mentioned above are usually not completely curable. Expensive medications and therapies can only prevent the worst or alleviate the symptoms, and the treatment of respiratory diseases can be expensive. In addition, general examination and consultation fees are incurred with each treatment. For more serious procedures, additional financial support is required for accommodation and monitoring.

[0014] Likewise, human health can also be harmed by dust pollution in stables.

[0015] With regard to the reduction of airborne particles in horse husbandry, the primary focus must therefore be on treating the main sources of contamination of suspended particulate matter, which are various bedding materials (wheat straw, shavings, flax, hemp), roughage (hay, haylage) and various concentrates (oats, barley, compound feed).

[0016] To date, there is no practical solution to the problems associated with straw and / or hay, apart from the use of alternative and much more expensive bedding materials. Even in organic pig farming with so-called deep litter (i.e., straw), the dust problem remains completely unsolved. This also applies to the farming of much longer-lived cattle. The problem is further exacerbated by the fact that the animals ingest the bedding and rest on it for many hours, stirring up the dust contained in the straw and inhaling it through breathing.

[0017] The current "method of choice" is water. Watering or wetting the hay primarily serves to reduce dust. Water is poured over the hay from a watering can or the hay is immersed in water to wash away dust particles, thus preventing the horse from inhaling them while eating.

[0018] Other well-known hay steamers include the HAYGAIN HG-2000 Hay Steamer, which uses a steam generator. The duration of a hay steaming session depends on the type of hay, the hay density, and the outside temperature, and averages between 50 and 60 minutes. The HAYGAIN HG-2000 has a capacity of over 45 kilos of hay and is therefore intended for use in larger farms. Another hay steamer is known as the "Perfect Hay Steamer Box" and is available with capacities of 300 and 560 liters. It is essentially an insulated box into which the hay is placed and steam is injected. Another hay steamer with a generator and a plastic hay container is offered under the name "HAY STEAMER."

[0019] Mycotoxins that are harmful to human and animal health can be stable at high temperatures. For example, deoxynivalenol is temperature-stable up to 140°C, meaning it is not inactivated by vaporization, for example.

[0020] In general, watering the hay at least alleviates the dust problem, but available scientific studies suggest that the presence of fungal spores and bacteria causes spoilage to set in very quickly. Water additives are therefore also available on the market. It is recommended to at least add sufficient salt to the water. However, such hay watering solutions result in a considerable amount of work and time for daily feeding. In addition, handling water is a particular problem in winter when temperatures drop below zero, whereas in summer, microbial spoilage can set in quickly depending on the temperature. In addition to these options for use in the barn, some feed manufacturers also offer dedusted hay for sale. This usually requires a type of industrial vacuum cleaner to clean the hay, which is associated with high costs.

[0021] The use of oil is a known alternative. While this has certain dust-binding effects when used in sufficient quantities, it is nutritionally problematic because, among other things, the energy input leads to increased weight (fatty growth) in the animals and can easily cause digestive problems.

[0022] Another common practice is the use of nets, into which the hay is placed, which virtually prevents free grazing. This is intended to prevent dust ingestion. A similar approach applies to "hay toys" as an "alternative hay net."

[0023] DE 10 2020 102458 B4 discloses a method for treating a fibrous material, in particular straw or hay, with a dust-binding agent by means of a device, the method comprising the following steps: providing a fibrous material containing dust particles and continuously feeding the fibrous material through a feeding unit of the device; loosening the fibrous material by a roller, a spiked roller, a chopper, an agitator, a brush, or any combination of these loosening units of the device;Spraying a dust-binding agent onto the fibrous material in a spray chamber of the device, wherein the dust-binding agent comprises a water-based film former, wherein the dust-binding agent is atomized into droplets by at least one atomizer arranged in the spray chamber, and wherein the dust-binding agent is configured to bind dust particles to fibers of the fibrous material and / or promote clustering of the dust particles; and continuously ejecting the sprayed fibrous material from the device by an ejection unit of the device.

[0024] However, this method, or rather the device disclosed for carrying out the method, leads to considerable dust formation, particularly in the area of ​​the loosening unit. Furthermore, the disclosed device is characterized by a high degree of complexity; in particular, it requires the use of a pump for supplying the dust-binding agent. Therefore, the object of the invention is to provide a device and a corresponding method for treating a fibrous material with a dust-binding agent, as well as a dust-binding agent itself, which enables more cost-effective dedusting with at least consistent dust binding and a more compact design with a smaller footprint.

[0025] To solve the problem described above, a device according to claim 1 is proposed, which is inexpensive and can be operated in a space-saving manner. Furthermore, a corresponding method is set out in claim 21. Claim 22 further relates to a dust-binding agent for the device and / or the method. Preferred embodiments are the subject of the respective subclaims.

[0026] Accordingly, a device for treating a fibrous material, preferably hay or straw, with a dust-binding agent is disclosed. The device comprises a spray chamber, the spray chamber having an inlet opening, an outlet opening, and at least one rotary atomizer arranged between the inlet and outlet openings for atomizing and spraying a dust-binding agent onto a fibrous material. The device comprises a feed unit configured to introduce the fibrous material through the inlet opening into the spray chamber, and a loosening unit for loosening and / or comminuting the fibrous material. The feed unit is designed as a funnel.

[0027] By designing the feed unit as a hopper, the device can be designed more compactly, cost-effectively, and simply, especially compared to a feed unit configured as a conveyor belt. Furthermore, dust formation can be reduced, and the collection of dust generated during loosening can be simplified, thus simplifying its removal.

[0028] A more compact design, particularly in a horizontal orientation, results when the feed unit is designed as a hopper due to the vertical feed direction of the fibrous material. In addition, the vertical feed makes it easier to feed the fibrous material one above the other and / or next to the other, which would only be possible with a horizontal feed if, for example, a conveyor belt were very wide and / or designed with guide plates that prevent the fibrous material fed one above the other and / or next to the other from falling down. Finally, a circular design of the hopper in particular offers a advantageous ratio of available volume to required outer surface. Compared to a flat, particularly planar, feed, a larger quantity of fibrous material can be fed with a smaller required outer surface.

[0029] A more cost-effective and simplified design results from the fact that no drive is required for the hopper, as is particularly the case with a conveyor belt. This reduced complexity can result in lower costs, but also simplifies the operation of the device. Finally, it also increases reliability, since the hopper cannot simply fail.

[0030] Finally, the design of the feed unit as a hopper reduces dust formation, particularly in the spray chamber area. To this end, the hopper can be narrowed so that at least some of the dust generated during feeding occurs in the hopper and thus does not first arise in the spray chamber. While this does not reduce dust formation overall, the resulting dust can be more easily removed in the hopper. Furthermore, the efficiency of the actual dust removal in the spray chamber can be increased, since a portion of the dust contained in the fibrous material is already separated, meaning that a smaller amount of dust needs to be removed in the spray chamber.

[0031] Particularly preferably, the fibrous material consists essentially of hay or straw or comprises hay or straw. However, the device is also suitable for dedusting other fibrous materials, e.g., plant, animal, or synthetic fibrous materials such as grasses, herbs, leaves, cotton, wool, textile fibers, etc.

[0032] The device may additionally comprise an ejection unit configured to eject the fibrous material from the spray chamber through the outlet opening.

[0033] The terms "ejection", "ejects", or "ejected" do not necessarily mean that the fibrous material is thrown, i.e. follows a (parabolic) trajectory or the like. Rather, it can also mean that the fibrous material is transported or conveyed by the ejection unit from the spray chamber through the outlet opening. In order to adjust a feed speed and / or dust formation or dust collection, the geometry of the hopper can be adjusted. For example, the inclination of the hopper can be adjusted and / or the inner width can have different gradients in different areas of the hopper. Furthermore, the hopper can be tilted relative to a vertical axis. Such an inclination relative to the vertical axis can be in a range of 0 to 15°, 0 to 30°, or even 0 to 60°.In particular, the hopper can be designed to be movable so that an inclination can be adjusted according to a desired feed speed.

[0034] To reduce the amount of dust escaping from the device, the hopper can also be provided with one or more trapdoor-like inserts. Such inserts can have a return mechanism, for example a spring arrangement, so that the at least one insert closes a filling opening of the hopper at least partially when no fibrous material is fed into the hopper. However, when fibrous material is fed into the hopper, the at least one insert opens. This can at least reduce the escape of dust from the filling opening.

[0035] Furthermore, or alternatively, the hopper may have one or more circumferentially arranged openings through which accumulating dust can be removed. In particular, the one or more openings may also be provided with a ventilation and / or suction mechanism to facilitate the removal of accumulating dust.

[0036] By using a rotary nozzle, the invention also allows the dust-binding agent to be fed gravimetrically to the rotary atomizer, eliminating the need for a pump to supply the dust-binding agent. This further simplifies and thus further reduces the cost of the device.

[0037] The rotary atomizer can be designed as a pressureless rotating disk and produce droplets with a droplet size of 35 pm. The droplets produced by the rotary atomizer have very little to no scattering in the droplet spectrum, thereby achieving very good coverage of the material. Provision can be made to use two rotary atomizers, each of which sprays a circle with a circumference corresponding to the working width of the device, e.g. 70 cm, over the entire area, which can result in complete wetting of the fibrous material. Preferably, a spray width of the at least one rotary atomizer is more than half a width of the device, preferably at least 75% of the width of the device, particularly preferably 85 to 95% of the width of the device. For example, with a device width of 80 cm, a spray width of the at least one rotary atomizer can be 70 to 75 cm.A disc of the rotary atomizer can be adapted in particular to the viscosity of the dust binding agent.

[0038] The fibrous material can be fed in continuously. For this purpose, for example, a constriction of the funnel can be designed such that, depending on the vertical orientation of the funnel, the amount of fibrous material fed into the spray chamber is smaller than the volume of the funnel. This allows for a continuous feed of fibrous material into the spray chamber, but the fibrous material can still be added to the funnel discontinuously.

[0039] Alternatively or additionally, the cross-section of the funnel can be adjusted, particularly in the area with the smallest cross-section. This allows the volume flow of the fibrous material fed into the spray chamber to be adjusted.

[0040] Furthermore, it can be provided that the funnel is arranged near the ground and is oriented such that the fibrous material can be fed from the ground, in particular without lifting the fibrous material. This can facilitate manual feeding, in particular, as this requires less force. It can be provided that the funnel for conveying the fibrous material is connected to the loosening unit and / or the spray chamber via a conveyor belt. The conveyor belt has an angle of inclination relative to a plane parallel to the ground in a range of 20 to 80°, preferably in a range of 35 to 65°, particularly preferably in a range of 40 to 50°. 0 on.

[0041] The loosening unit can comprise a roller, a spiked roller, a chopper, an agitator, a brush, or any combination thereof. The loosening unit is preferably arranged upstream of the spray chamber in the feed direction. The loosening unit is particularly preferably arranged upstream of the rotary atomizer in the feed direction. In one embodiment, the feed unit is arranged upstream of the spray chamber or extends into the spray chamber. In another embodiment, the feed unit extends through the spray chamber. The ejection unit can be arranged in the spray chamber or downstream of the spray chamber in the feed direction. The ejection unit can also extend through the spray chamber. More than one rotary atomizer can be arranged in the spray chamber.In one embodiment, at least two rotary atomizers are arranged horizontally next to each other, allowing the fiber-containing material to pass between them. The rotary atomizers can also be arranged in a grid, a raster, and / or at regular intervals.

[0042] It can also be provided that the loosening unit has two counter-rotating spiked rollers and a conveyor belt is placed below the counter-rotating spiked rollers to feed the fibrous material to the spray chamber. In this way, blockages or clogging in the loosening unit can be avoided or the likelihood of blockages or clogging can be at least reduced, particularly when the fibrous material is fed in from the ground. Alternatively or additionally, it can be provided to mount a rotary atomizer below the spiked rollers, whereby part of the fibrous material, in particular approximately half of the fibrous material, can be sprayed within the loosening unit. As a result, only the part of the fibrous material that has not yet been wetted needs to be sprayed in the spray chamber. This can further improve dust binding, in particular increasing it to a good 98%.

[0043] The device preferably comprises a feed unit configured to feed the fibrous material to the hopper. The feed unit can be designed to feed the fibrous material to the hopper continuously and / or discontinuously. In particular, the feed unit can be designed as a hay crane.

[0044] The feeding unit can have a receiving device for round bales made of a material comprising fibrous material, wherein the receiving device is designed to unwind the material from the round bale. The receiving device can be designed to transport the unwound material to the hopper. If the feeding unit has a conveyor belt, a roller, a pair of rollers, a blower or an inclined plane, the receiving device can also be designed to transfer the material to the conveyor belt, the roller, the pair of rollers, the blower or the inclined plane. The device can therefore process both round bales and square bales made of fibrous material, for example hay or straw. The device can loosen the fibrous material and spray it with the dust binding agent regardless of its form of preparation (e.g. round bale or cross bale).

[0045] The device preferably comprises a container fluidically connected to the rotary atomizer for holding the dust-binding agent, wherein the container is designed to be replaceable or is configured to accommodate a replaceable internal volume. Thus, the invention enables simplified refilling of dust-binding agent, since the container or the internal volume does not need to be manually refilled; instead, the container or the replaceable internal volume can be replaced. The container or the replaceable internal volume can be designed to be refillable, so that the container or the replaceable internal volume can be filled after replacement and made available for reuse.

[0046] A replaceable inner volume is understood to be a generally liquid-impermeable shell, such as a bag or container, that can be accommodated by the container and includes an outlet that is preferably accessible from the outside of the container. Such a configuration of the container and replaceable inner volume also allows for easy refilling of the dust-binding agent, while simultaneously reducing packaging waste, since the container itself does not need to be replaced.

[0047] The container can be arranged on or above the spray chamber. This means that the invention eliminates the need for a pump to supply the rotary atomizer with dust-binding agent. The potential energy provided by the container arranged on or above the spray chamber, together with the centrifugal force of the rotary atomizer, can be sufficient to convey the dust-binding agent.

[0048] Furthermore, the container can comprise cardboard, so that the amount of packaging waste can be reduced, especially compared to the use of canisters containing plastic and / or metal, since the cardboard can be recycled. The container is preferably designed as a bag-in-box packaging, so that it has an inner bag, for example made of a film composite material, which is mechanically supported by an outer packaging, for example comprising cardboard.

[0049] An interior of the container may have a liquid-impermeable coating, in particular a plastic coating. Furthermore, the replaceable interior volume may be designed as a bag, in particular as a plastic bag.

[0050] Preferably, the device comprises a receiving device for receiving the container, which is configured to position the container on or above the spray zone and to fluidically connect the container to the rotary atomizer. This allows the container to be advantageously positioned to supply the rotary atomizer with dust-binding agent without a pump. This also allows for easy connection of the container to the rotary atomizer.

[0051] In particular, it can be provided that the container is held in the receiving device by a clamping and / or clipping device, allowing tool-free positioning of the container. Furthermore, the receiving device can have at least one connection connectable to an outlet of the container or an internal volume accommodated in the container, in order to fluidically connect the outlet and the rotary atomizer.

[0052] The receiving device can comprise a heating element. The heating element can be designed to regulate the temperature of the dust binding agent in the container, preferably to a temperature in a range of 20 to 25 0 C. Furthermore, the container may have at least one temperature sensor for measuring the temperature of the dust binding agent.

[0053] Preferably, the device can comprise a solenoid valve and a reducer, wherein the solenoid valve and the reducer are designed to fluidically connect the container and the rotary atomizer. The solenoid valve enables improved control and / or regulation of the flow of dust-binding agent to the rotary atomizer. The reducer can be used to meter the dust-binding agent.

[0054] The device can comprise the solenoid valve and the reducer in addition to or as an alternative to the receiving device. When combining the receiving device with the solenoid valve and the reducer, the receiving device can comprise the solenoid valve and the reducer.

[0055] The reducer can be designed so that a volume flow of dust binding agent at the rotary atomizer is between 5 and 50 ml of dust binding agent per minute, preferably between 15 and 40 ml of dust binding agent per minute, particularly preferably between 20 and 30 ml of dust binding agent per minute.

[0056] Preferably, the device comprises a connector for connecting an outlet of the container to the rotary atomizer. The connector can be frictionally connected to the outlet of the container and / or the connector can be designed to open the outlet of the container. For example, the connector can be slid onto the outlet.

[0057] The connector preferably has an adjusting element for force-fitting connection to the container outlet and / or for opening the container outlet. For example, it can be provided that the adjusting element can be used to lock the connector to the outlet after a force-fitting connection by sliding, plugging, or clipping it onto the outlet. Alternatively or additionally, it can be provided that the adjusting element is designed to actuate a valve of the outlet and thus open the outlet. The adjusting element can be designed, for example, as an adjusting screw or a lever.

[0058] Preferably, the connector simultaneously enables a force-locking connection to the container outlet and the opening of the container outlet. This allows the container to be fluidically connected to the rotary atomizer with a single movement, and the supply of dust-binding agent to the rotary atomizer can be started.

[0059] Furthermore, the connector can have a connection via which the dust-binding agent can be supplied to the rotary atomizer. In this case, provision can be made for the connection to be connected to a line, in particular a hose, which in turn is connected to the rotary atomizer. In particular, if the device has at least two rotary atomizers, provision can be made for a connecting element, for example a T-piece, to be mounted on the connection so that more than one line can be connected to the connector by means of the connecting element in order to supply the at least two rotary atomizers with dust-binding agent. Alternatively or additionally, provision can be made for the connector to have more than one connection.

[0060] In particular, it can be provided that the connector and / or the line comprise the reducer and the solenoid valve. For example, the connector can have the solenoid valve in the connection, and the reducer can form the line at least in sections. Furthermore, it can be provided that the connector and the receiving device are formed as a single component and / or that the receiving device comprises the connector.

[0061] The device preferably comprises a reservoir that is fluidically connectable to an outlet of the container and configured to fluidically connect the outlet of the container to the rotary atomizer. Even after changing the container or the replaceable internal volume, the reservoir allows dust-binding agent to initially flow only into the reservoir and not yet to the rotary atomizer. Only when the reservoir reaches a certain fill volume and thus the pressure of the dust-binding agent is reached can an outlet of the reservoir be opened, so that the volume flow of dust-binding agent to the rotary atomizer remains within a desired range, even without a pump or with low pumping power.

[0062] In this case, it can be provided that the device comprises the reservoir in addition to or alternatively to the receiving device and / or the solenoid valve and the reducer. In particular, in a combination of these components, it can be provided that the reservoir and receiving device are formed as a single component, and the solenoid valve and / or reducer form an outlet of this component and / or are arranged at the outlet.

[0063] The reservoir may have a rectangular base and / or be cuboid-shaped. Furthermore, the reservoir may have a volume between 0.5 and 3 liters, preferably between 1 and 2.5 liters, particularly preferably between 1.5 and 2 liters.

[0064] The reservoir can also include a connector. The connector simplifies the connection of the container to the reservoir. The frictional connection, in particular, provides a connection between the container outlet and the reservoir that is as drip-free and thus as low-loss as possible.

[0065] The device preferably has a dust extraction system, since dust is naturally stirred up in the area of ​​the agitation unit. This can prevent or at least reduce the undesired escape of dust from the device. The dust extraction system is preferably arranged upstream of the spray zone in the feed direction, particularly preferably in the area of ​​the agitation unit. Thus, the invention enables dust that has not remained in the hopper and / or was removed there to be removed from the device in a controlled manner. For this purpose, the dust extraction system can be designed for connection to an industrial vacuum cleaner.

[0066] The device can have an ejection opening adjustment device that is designed to adjust the shape and / or size of the outlet opening, preferably the width of the outlet opening. This allows the ejection cross-section to be adapted to the inlet opening of a transport means for transporting the sprayed fibrous material. For example, the outlet opening can be converted from a rectangular shape to a round shape, e.g., a circular or oval, by the ejection opening adjustment device. However, it can also be provided to retain the shape of the outlet opening and only vary the outlet area, e.g., by reducing a radius or maintaining an aspect ratio. In one embodiment, the outlet opening can be rectangular or slit-shaped, wherein the width of the rectangle or the slit can be adjusted by the ejection width adjustment device. The width can be adjusted, e.g.,manually or motorically using a slider.

[0067] Preferably, the device can comprise a collecting container for the temporary storage of the fibrous material treated with the dust-binding agent, which container can be connected to the spray chamber via the outlet opening. Particularly preferably, the collecting container can comprise a closing flap through which the fibrous material treated with the dust-binding agent can be removed. Furthermore, the collecting container can be separated from the device, thus enabling easy exchange of collecting containers.

[0068] The collection container can further comprise a wire frame and / or a rectangular net. Preferably, the collection container has an upper wire frame and a lower wire frame. In particular, it can be provided that the two wire frames have different sizes. For example, an upper wire frame can be larger, so that the collection container has a conical shape. The conical shape allows filled collection containers to be easily stacked, which allows pre-production and later bedding (straw) or feeding (hay). Furthermore, the upper wire frame can have a handle for easy handling. The lower wire frame serves in particular as a weight when the collection container is empty.

[0069] Preferably, the feed unit can be identical to the ejection unit, the feed unit can be identical to the loosening unit and / or the loosening unit can be identical to the ejection unit.

[0070] The term "identical" here means that the respective units are implemented by the same object and / or the same component. For example, if the feed unit is identical to the ejection unit, then the ejection unit is formed by the funnel; the funnel then transports, for example, fibrous material into the spray chamber, through the spray chamber, and out of the spray chamber. In one embodiment, the feed unit may be identical to the ejection unit. In another embodiment, the feed unit may be identical to the loosening unit. In a further embodiment, the loosening unit may be identical to the ejection unit. In yet another embodiment, the feed unit may be identical to both the ejection unit and the loosening unit.

[0071] Advantageously, the device can comprise a control unit for controlling and / or regulating the ejection unit, a mass or volume flow of the fibrous material ejected by the ejection unit, and / or a mass or volume flow of the dust-binding agent sprayed by the rotary atomizer. For example, by setting a suitable ratio of the mass or volume flows, a wetting time of the fibrous material with the dust-binding agent can be adjusted. Likewise, the control unit can adjust and / or vary the sprayed amount of dust-binding agent per kilogram of fibrous material. Preferably, the control unit can be encapsulated so that it is protected from contaminants such as dust.

[0072] In a preferred embodiment, the inlet opening can be opposite the outlet opening, wherein the ejection unit can accelerate the fibrous material introduced into the spray chamber by the feed unit in the direction of the outlet opening and eject it through the outlet opening.

[0073] Furthermore, a method for treating a fibrous material, preferably hay or straw, with a dust binding agent by means of a device according to the invention is proposed, which comprises the following steps:

[0074] Providing a fibrous material containing dust particles and feeding the fibrous material through a feeding unit of the device;

[0075] - Loosening of the fibrous material by the loosening unit of the device; and

[0076] - Spraying a dust binding agent into the spray chamber of the device onto the fibrous material, wherein the dust binding agent is atomized into droplets by the at least one rotary atomizer arranged in the spray chamber, preferably two rotary atomizers, and wherein the dust binding agent is designed to bind dust particles to fibers of the fibrous material and / or to promote cluster formation of the dust particles.

[0077] Particularly preferably, the fibrous material consists essentially of hay or straw or comprises hay or straw. However, the method can also be used to dedust other fibrous materials, e.g., plant, animal, or synthetic fibrous materials such as grasses, herbs, leaves, cotton, wool, textile fibers, etc. The fibrous material can be added continuously or discontinuously. Furthermore, after spraying, the sprayed fibrous material can be ejected from the device by the device's ejection unit. Ejection can also be carried out continuously or discontinuously.

[0078] After the fibrous material has been prepared, it is loosened. This loosening can increase the surface area of ​​the fibrous material to be sprayed, especially if the fibrous material is provided in a compressed form. For example, hay or straw bales of any shape can be treated after loosening. It can also be intended that the loosening process shreds or breaks up the fibrous material.

[0079] After loosening, the fibrous material is sprayed with a dust binding agent, which is atomized into droplets. The dust binding agent contains a water-based film former. The dust binding agent binds dust particles to the fibers of the fibrous material. At the same time, the dust binding agent promotes cluster formation, both of dust particles and of dust particles and bioaerosols. This can reduce dust pollution in the air, for example in stables. In addition, after the sprayed fibrous material has been laid out, the stirring up of dust that has already settled on the ground can be reduced or prevented. Cluster formation can mean an adhesive bond between two or more dust particles, e.g. the adhesion of several dust particles to one another or the adhesion of one dust particle to at least one other dust particle, whereby the adhesive effect can be created by the dust binding agent.Not every dust particle in the formed cluster necessarily has to adhere to every other dust particle in the cluster. Cluster formation can also mean, for example, that a first dust particle is directly bound to a fiber of the fibrous material, and a second dust particle is indirectly bound to the fiber by adhering to the first dust particle.

[0080] Preferably, an enzyme and / or an enzyme mixture for the degradation or decomposition of mycotoxins is sprayed onto the dust binder, or the dust binder contains such an enzyme when sprayed onto the binder. This can also prevent unwanted effects of the pollutants (mycotoxins) in the digestive tract. While the dust binder reduces the amount of particles reaching the lungs, it increases the amount of particles reaching the digestive tract.

[0081] Before spraying, the dust binding agent can be heated with a heating element to a temperature equal to or greater than the target temperature if the temperature falls below a target temperature. The target temperature can preferably be in a range from 20°C to 30°C, particularly preferably in a range from 20°C to 25°C. The temperature of the dust binding agent can preferably be measured with a temperature sensor and the heating element can be controlled based on the temperature measured by the temperature sensor. This ensures, especially in winter, that the sprayed-on dust binding agent has at least the target temperature. A dust binding agent temperature in a range from 20°C to 25°C has proven advantageous with regard to viscosity and spraying properties.

[0082] Advantageously, the dust binder can be sprayed at a rate of 5-50 ml / minute, preferably 15-40 ml / minute, and particularly preferably 20-30 ml / minute. It may be intended to use 80-100 ml per 10 kg of fibrous material.

[0083] Furthermore, the dust-binding agent can preferably be atomized during spraying into droplets with a droplet size of 20-50 pm, preferably 30-40 pm, particularly preferably 35 pm. Particularly when spraying the dust-binding agent onto hay or straw, a droplet size of 20-50 pm and particularly 35 pm has proven advantageous for wetting the fibers.

[0084] When spraying the dust binding agent, it is particularly preferred to spray on a water-based film former comprising Cassia Gum E 427, agar-agar, carboxymethylcellulose or any combination thereof.

[0085] Furthermore, a dust-binding agent for a device according to the invention and / or a method according to the invention is proposed, which comprises an enzyme and / or an enzyme mixture for the degradation or decomposition of mycotoxins. The enzyme and / or the enzyme mixture can be water-soluble. The enzyme mixture can comprise one or more enzymes. The enzyme mixture can also comprise other components that are not enzymes. For example, the enzyme mixture can consist of or comprise an enzyme and water. The enzyme is preferably suitable for consumption by humans and animals, i.e., harmless, and / or can be a feed additive or food additive. Thus, the dust-binding agent not only prevents dust particles from entering the respiratory tract of the animal (and humans), but also potentially harmful effects in the digestive tract.

[0086] Preferably, the enzyme and / or enzyme mixture is designed to degrade or decompose at least one of A-trichothecenes, B-trichothecenes, fumonisins, or cerealenone metabolites. This can prevent or reduce potential damage to the liver and the immune system, for example, caused by fumonisins.

[0087] Furthermore, the dust binder may comprise a water-based film former comprising Cassia Gum E 427, agar-agar, carboxymethylcellulose, or any combination thereof. These film formers are approved as food additives. However, other film formers may also be sprayed on, preferably those with food additive approval and / or

[0088] Feed additive approval. The dust binder may also contain carbohydrate mixtures and / or mixtures of monomers, dimers, oligomers, and polymers of glucose on a water basis.

[0089] The dust binder may comprise a preservative, preferably potassium sorbate, citric acid, a sugar, maltodextrin, or any combination thereof. For example, the dust binder may contain cassia gum (E 427), agar-agar, carboxymethylcellulose, or any combination thereof as a film-forming agent, as well as carbohydrate mixtures and / or modified starches such as maltodextrin and / or mixtures of aqueous-based monomers, dimers, oligomers, and polymers of glucose with a suitable preservative, e.g., potassium sorbate and citric acid.

[0090] The dust-binding agent preferably has a viscosity of 20-60 mPas, preferably 30-50 mPas, and particularly preferably 35-45 mPas. This allows the dust-binding agent to be atomized particularly well. The invention will be explained in more detail below using exemplary embodiments according to the attached figures. Herein:

[0091] Fig. i is a schematic flow diagram of the method according to the invention for treating a fibrous material with a dust binding agent;

[0092] Fig. 2 shows an embodiment of an apparatus according to the invention for treating a fibrous material with a dust binding agent;

[0093] Fig. 3 shows a further embodiment of an apparatus for treating a fibrous material with a dust binding agent according to the invention;

[0094] Fig. 4 embodiments according to the invention of a container for receiving the dust binding agent (a) and an exchangeable internal volume Cb);

[0095] Fig. 5 shows an embodiment of a connector according to the invention with an actuating element;

[0096] Fig. 6 shows an embodiment of a receiving device for the container according to the invention, comprising a reservoir, a solenoid valve and a reducer; and

[0097] Fig. 7 shows a further embodiment of an apparatus for treating a fibrous material with a dust binding agent according to the invention.

[0098] The following primarily describes the treatment of hay with the dust-binding agent according to the invention. However, this is not intended to limit the fibrous material to hay. Obviously, the devices described below for spraying the dust-binding agent can also be used for other fibrous materials, such as straw. Obviously, other fluids can also be sprayed with the device.

[0099] Figure 1 schematically shows an embodiment of the method according to the invention. First, the fibrous material is provided. The fibrous material is then loosened. The dust-binding agent is then sprayed onto the fibrous material. The spraying is carried out mechanically using the device according to the invention described below. The dust-binding agent preferably comprises a water-based film-forming agent. The dust-binding agent sprayed onto the fibrous material can bind dust particles to fibers of the fibrous material. This can prevent or at least impede the stirring up of the dust particles bound to the fibers. In addition, the dust-binding agent can bind dust particles with a smaller diameter into harmless clusters with a larger diameter. The film-forming agent preferably comprises Cassia Gum E 427, Agar-Agar, Carboxymethylcellulose, or any combination thereof.Particularly preferably, the film former is approved as a food additive and / or as a feed additive. This makes the dust control agent harmless to humans and animals. The dust control agent can be easily contacted, inhaled, and / or otherwise introduced by humans and animals. This can result in uncomplicated and simple handling of the dust control agent or device, as safety precautions such as respiratory protection, safety goggles, protective gloves, safety shoes, etc. are not required. The dust control agent and / or the film former preferably contains a preservative, preferably a potassium sorbate, a citric acid, a sugar, a maltodextrin, or any combination thereof. The dust control agent can contain a carbohydrate mixture and / or mixtures of monomers, dimers, oligomers, and polymers of glucose on an aqueous basis.The dust binding agent can be sprayed at a volume flow of 60-120 ml / minute, preferably at a volume flow of 80-100 ml / minute. The dust binding agent can be sprayed at a rate of 5 to 50 ml / min, preferably at a rate of 15 to 40 ml / min, particularly preferably at a rate of 20 to 30 ml / min. Depending on the expected amount of dust, in particular the amount of dust already contained in the fibrous material prior to spraying, air quality, location of use, or other external influences, the fibrous material can also be sprayed with more or less dust binding agent. The dust binding agent can preferably be atomized during spraying into droplets with a droplet size of 20-50 pm, preferably 20-40 pm, particularly preferably 35 pm. However, the sprayed droplet size can also be selected and / or varied depending on the nature, material and type of the fibrous substance supplied.For hay or straw, for example, a droplet size of 20 - 50 pm, preferably 20 - 40 pm, has proven particularly advantageous. The dust binding agent can have a viscosity of 20 - 60 mPas, preferably 30 - 50 mPas, particularly preferably 35 - 45 mPas. The dust binding agent can comprise an enzyme or enzyme mixture for degrading or breaking down mycotoxins. In particular, the enzyme or enzyme mixture can degrade or break down at least one of A-trichothecenes, B-trichotecenes (such as deoxynivalenol), fumonisins, or cerealenone metabolites. The enzyme or enzyme mixture can be selected such that other mycotoxins can also be broken down. This can prevent or at least significantly reduce damage to humans and animals caused by such toxins, for example damage to the liver and the immune system caused by fumonisins.

[0100] It can be provided that the dust binding agent is heated to a target temperature of at least 20 - 25 °C before spraying. This results in good spraying properties of the dust binding agent. However, it can also be provided that the dust binding agent is heated to a different target temperature, e.g. depending on its composition. Depending on the latitude and / or time of year, the temperature of the dust binding agent can fall well below the target temperature without heating. It can therefore be provided that the dust binding agent is kept in a container that is fluidically connected to the rotary atomizer and that it is heated or brought to the target temperature using a heating element, e.g. arranged in the container. The heating element can be controlled by a control and / or regulating unit, e.g. the control unit, whereby the control can be based on the temperature of the dust binding agent measured by a temperature sensor, e.g. arranged in the container.It may also be possible to use measurement data from another sensor to record the outside temperature to control the heating element.

[0101] An embodiment of a device for carrying out the method according to the invention is shown in Figure 2. The device 1 has a feed unit 7 designed as a funnel, a spray chamber 3, a loosening unit 8, and an ejection unit 9. The provided fibrous material 2, here hay or alternatively straw, is fed from the feed unit 7 to the spray chamber 3 through an inlet opening 4. The loosening unit 8 and two rotary atomizers 6 are arranged in the spray chamber 3. The loosening unit 8 loosens the supplied hay 2. The rotary atomizers 6 then spray the dust binding agent onto the loosened hay 2. The ejection unit 9 ejects the hay 2 from the spray chamber through an outlet opening 5. For example, the ejection unit 9 can eject the sprayed hay 2 into a collecting container 10. The collecting container 10 can have a flap 14. The collecting container 10 can be detachably attached.The ejection unit 9 can be arranged in front of or behind the rotary atomizer 6 in the ejection direction. The rotary atomizer 6 can be connected to a dust-binding agent tank via a supply line system (not shown). The device 1 can have a control unit 11. The control unit 11 can control and / or regulate the ejection unit 9. The mass or volume flow of the hay 2 ejected from the spray chamber 3 can thus be controlled and / or regulated by the control unit 11. In another embodiment, the control unit can control and / or regulate the rotary atomizer 6 and / or the supply line system of the rotary atomizer 6. The mass or volume flow of the dust-binding agent sprayed by the rotary atomizer 6 can thus be controlled and / or regulated by the control unit 11.In a further embodiment, the control unit 11 can control and / or regulate the mass or volume flow of both the hay 2 ejected from the spray chamber 3 and the dust-binding agent sprayed on. The control unit 11 can thus control and / or regulate the amount of dust-binding agent applied to the hay 2 and / or the duration of the application. The spray chamber 3 can have a floor sprinkler 15. This allows the hay to be sprayed with the dust-binding agent from below. The spray chamber 3 can have an outlet 16 or the like, such as a sieve.

[0102] In the embodiment shown in Figure 2, the loosening unit 8 is formed by a spiked roller. Furthermore, for this embodiment, the ejection unit 9 is formed by a conveyor belt. In this embodiment, as shown in Figure 2, the rotary atomizers 6 are arranged at the outlet opening 5. The conveyor belt 9 extends in the feed direction into the spray chamber 3, but not beyond the rotary atomizers 6; as shown in Figure 2, the ejection unit 9 is thus arranged in front of the rotary atomizers 6 in the ejection direction. The conveyor belt can be controlled and / or regulated by the control unit 11. In particular, the feed speed, i.e. here the running speed of the conveyor belt, can be controlled and / or regulated by the control unit. The control unit 11 is preferably an electric motor.

[0103] In the embodiment shown in Figure 2, the spiked roller is mechanically connected to the conveyor belt via a gear 13. Alternatively, the conveyor belt 9, which is installed in the area of ​​the spray chamber 3, i.e., downstream of the loosening unit 8 in the feed direction, for onward transport, can be driven by its own electric motor, which can be electrically synchronized with the drive of the loosening unit 8. The gear ratio of the gear 13 can preferably be selected such that the tangential speed of the surface of the spiked roller 8 can be greater than the feed speed of the conveyor belt 9. This allows particularly good loosening of the fed hay 2 to be achieved. However, any other gear ratios for the gear 13 can obviously also be selected.In the embodiment shown in Figure 2, the number of gear stages 13 is selected such that the spiked roller 8 and the rollers of the conveyor belt 9 rotate in the same direction. This increases the shear force acting on the supplied hay 2 between the spiked roller 8 and the conveyor belt 9, resulting in particularly good loosening. By continuously feeding hay 2 into the spray chamber 3, already loosened hay is transported to the rotary atomizers 6, and sprayed hay is ejected through the outlet opening 5.

[0104] In another embodiment, the gear 13 is designed such that the spiked roller 8 and the rollers of the conveyor belt 9 rotate in opposite directions. This allows the hay 2 fed from the hopper 7 to be loosened by the spiked roller 8 and accelerated in the feed direction. If the inlet opening 4 and the outlet opening 5 are arranged opposite one another (see, for example, Figure 2), the hay 2 accelerated by the spiked roller 8 can be thrown under the rotary atomizers 6 and through the outlet opening 5; the spiked roller 8 (loosening unit 8) can thus correspond to the ejection unit 9.

[0105] In another embodiment, it can also be provided that the loosening unit 8 is not connected or coupled to the feed unit 7 and / or the ejection unit 9. Preferably, the loosening unit 8 can be driven independently of the feed unit 7 and / or the ejection unit 9. This allows, for example, the direction and speed of rotation of the spiked roller 8 to be controlled and / or regulated.

[0106] A further embodiment of a device for carrying out the method according to the invention is shown in Figure 3. The device 1 shown has a feed unit 7 designed as a funnel, a loosening unit 8, a spray chamber 3 and an ejection unit 9. The loosening unit 8 has a spiked roller. It can also be provided that the loosening unit 8 has several spiked rollers, for example arranged one behind the other. Just like the embodiment shown in Figure 2, the embodiment of the device 1 shown in Figure 3 can continuously feed fibrous material, e.g. hay or straw, to the loosening unit 8 and the spray chamber 3 and continuously eject sprayed fibrous material. The embodiment shown in Figure 3 can be dimensioned such that a daily ration of hay for a large horse (approx. 10 kg of hay) is completely loosened and sprayed within two minutes.

[0107] In the embodiment shown in Figure 3, the ejection unit 9 has a conveyor belt 9. The hopper 7 guides the fibrous material to be sprayed, in particular hay, through the loosening unit 8 into the spray chamber 3, and the conveyor belt 9 transports the sprayed hay further to an optional deflection piece 19. In the embodiment shown in Figure 3, the loosening unit 8 is arranged in front of the spray chamber 3, opposite to the transport direction of the conveyor belt 9. In particular, the inlet opening 4 of the spray chamber 3 can be arranged downstream of the loosening unit 8 in the feed direction, so that the fibrous material is loosened before entering the spray chamber, as shown in Figure 3, whereas the fibrous material is loosened in the spray chamber according to Figure 2.Just as in the embodiment shown in Figure 2, the conveyor belt 9 runs essentially in the horizontal plane and / or parallel to the installation surface of the device 1. The spiked roller 8 can be mechanically coupled to the drive of the conveyor belt 9 via a gear 13. However, it can also be provided that the spiked roller 8 and conveyor belt 9 can be controlled and moved independently of one another. The feed unit 7 can have a receiving device for round bales (not shown in Figures 2 and 3), by means of which the round bales can be unwound. The device 1 can therefore also process or spray fibrous material in round bale form, in particular hay or straw.

[0108] The deflection piece 19 shown in Figure 3 can be detachably connected to the spray chamber 3. However, it can also be provided, as in the device 1 shown in Figure 3, that the deflection piece 19 is not detachably connected to the spray chamber 3 or is an integral part of the spray chamber. In this case, the outlet opening of the deflection piece 19 can correspond to the outlet opening 5 of the spray chamber 3 or can be considered as such. In one embodiment, the deflection piece 19 can also be part of the ejection unit 9, or the ejection unit 9 can comprise the deflection piece. The inlet opening 4 of the spray chamber 3 can be oriented substantially perpendicular to the horizontal plane, and the outlet opening 5 substantially parallel to the horizontal plane. Depending on the design of the deflection piece 19, the sprayed hay can also be ejected from the device 1 in one or more other directions.

[0109] Just like the embodiment shown in Figure 2, the embodiment of the device 1 shown in Figure 3 also continuously feeds hay via the feed unit 7 to the loosening unit 8 and the spray chamber 3. Thus, hay sprayed with the dust-binding agent is also continuously ejected through the ejection unit 9 or, in the embodiment shown in Figure 3, transported by the conveyor belt 9 into the deflection piece 19. The sprayed hay then falls downwards out of the deflection piece 19 under the influence of gravity in the embodiment shown in Figure 3.

[0110] As shown in Figure 3, the device 1 can have an ejection opening adjustment device 18, by means of which the outlet opening 5 of the spray chamber 3 or the deflection piece 19 can be varied. In the embodiment shown in Figure 3, the ejection opening adjustment device 18 has a manually operable slider arranged on an outer side of the device 1, so that when the slider is actuated, the width of the outlet opening 5 of the spray chamber 3 and / or the deflection piece 19 is increased or decreased.

[0111] Furthermore, the device 1 in Figure 3 has a dust extraction system in the area of ​​the spray zone 3. This is designed as an industrial vacuum cleaner and can extract dust occurring in the spray zone 3, so that dust pollution in the area surrounding the device 1 can be reduced.

[0112] The embodiment of the device 1 shown in Figure 3 also has a container 17 which is fluidically connected to the rotary atomizers not shown in the figure. The dust binding agent to be sprayed can be kept or stored in the container 17. The container 17 is designed to be replaceable here; alternatively, it can be configured to accommodate a replaceable internal volume. The container 17 is arranged on or above the spray chamber 3. The container 17 here comprises an outer packaging made of cardboard and an internal volume which is designed as an inner bag made of a film composite material. The container 17 is designed as a bag-in-box packaging, as shown in Fig. 4 (a). The container also has an outlet 22 for supplying the rotary atomizers with dust binding agent.

[0113] The container 17 can have a heating element and additionally a temperature sensor. Both the temperature sensor and the heating element can be arranged in the container. The temperature sensor and the heating element can be connected to a control and / or regulating unit, so that the heating element is controlled based on the measured values ​​of the temperature sensor. Thus, the dust-binding agent in the container 17 can be heated to or maintained at a desired temperature by heating with the heating element. Furthermore, a dosing pump (not shown) for regulating the amount of dust-binding agent to be sprayed can be assigned to the container 17.

[0114] The two rotary atomizers of the embodiment shown in Figure 3 are preferably designed as pressureless rotating discs and completely wet a circle corresponding to the working width of the device 1 with the dust binding agent. As shown in Figure 3, the spray chamber 3 can have a flap 20 accessible from outside the device 1. When the flap 20 is open, the rotary atomizers arranged in the spray chamber 3 can be easily accessible for assembly, disassembly or maintenance purposes. The device 1 can have a catch guard 21 which can catch fibrous material, e.g. hay or straw, whirled up by the loosening unit 8 or can prevent it from being thrown out of the device 1.

[0115] In an embodiment of the device 1 not shown, the device 1 for loading the hopper 7 with fibrous material can comprise a feeding unit configured to feed the fibrous material to the hopper 7. The feeding unit can be designed, for example, as a hay crane.

[0116] Fig. 4 (b) shows an exemplary embodiment of a replaceable interior volume 23 designed as a plastic bag. This allows the plastic bag to be replaced to refill dust-binding agent without having to replace the container 17 itself. The plastic bag also has an outlet 22, so that only a corresponding recess needs to be provided in the container 17.

[0117] In an embodiment not shown, an inner side of the container 17 can have a liquid-impermeable coating, in particular a plastic coating. This is particularly advantageous if the container is made of liquid-permeable material, such as cardboard, or at least partially comprises such material and does not have a separate internal volume.

[0118] Figure 5 shows a connector 28 for connecting an outlet 22 of the container 17 to the rotary atomizers 6. The connector 28 can be connected to the outlet 22 of the container 17 by sliding it on. Furthermore, the connector 28 has an adjusting element 31 designed as an adjusting screw for opening a valve 29 of the outlet 22 of the container. The adjusting screw is arranged on a movable lever, which allows the adjusting screw to be positioned over the valve 29.

[0119] The connector 28 also includes a connection 32 through which dust-binding agent can be supplied to the rotary atomizers 6. Here, the connector 28 is designed to supply two rotary atomizers 6 with dust-binding agent by mounting a T-piece 34 on the connection 32, to which hoses for connecting to the rotary atomizers 6 can be connected.

[0120] Figure 6 shows a receiving device 24 of a device 1, as shown in Figures 3 and 4, for receiving the container 17, which is configured to position the container 17 on or above the spray zone 3 and to fluidly connect the container 17 to the rotary atomizer 6. For this purpose, the receiving device 24 comprises a reservoir 27, a connector 28, a solenoid valve 25, and a reducer 26. Furthermore, the receiving device 24 here has a heating element 35 for controlling the temperature of the dust-binding agent stored in the container 17.

[0121] The reservoir 27 is fluidically connectable to an outlet 22 of the container 17 and, for this purpose, has the connector 28. The connector 28 is configured to force-fit the outlet 22 of the container 17 to the reservoir by means of the adjusting element 31 and simultaneously to open the outlet 22 of the container 17. The adjusting element 31 is designed here as a lever with an adjusting screw, so that by moving the adjusting element 28 over the outlet 22 and turning the adjusting screw, the outlet 22 can be secured in the reservoir 27 and a valve 29 of the outlet 22 can be opened. Thus, the container 17 can be fluidically connected by means of a handle, and a filling process for the reservoir 27 can be started.

[0122] The reservoir 27 here has a rectangular base and is cuboid-shaped. The volume of the reservoir 27 can be between 1 and 10 liters, preferably between 2 and 8 liters, particularly preferably between 3 and 5 liters. The reservoir can also have a vent valve (not shown) so that gases can escape when filling the reservoir 27, in order to prevent or at least reduce the formation of bubbles during the supply of the dust-binding agent.

[0123] The solenoid valve 25 and the reducer 26 are designed to fluidically connect the container 17 via the reservoir 27 and the rotary atomizer 6. For this purpose, the solenoid valve 25 is accommodated in a wall of the reservoir 27. The reducer 26 is directly connected to the solenoid valve 25. The reducer can be designed such that a volume flow of dust binding agent at the rotary atomizer 6 is between 5 and 50 ml of dust binding agent per minute, preferably between 15 and 40 ml of dust binding agent per minute, particularly preferably between 20 and 30 ml of dust binding agent per minute.

[0124] The receiving device 24 can be designed to supply a plurality of rotary atomizers 6 with dust-binding agent. For this purpose, the reducer 26 itself or a connected pipe or hose can have a branch, for example, as a T-piece. Alternatively or additionally, the reservoir can have a plurality of solenoid valves 25 in the enclosure.

[0125] The receiving device 24 may also have a heating element. The heating element may be designed to temper the dust-binding agent in the container 17, preferably to a temperature in a range of 20 to 25 0 C. The heating element can be connected to a control and / or regulator unit so that the heating element is controlled, preferably based on measured values ​​from a temperature sensor.

[0126] Figure 7 shows, in a further embodiment, a device 1 according to the invention having a feed unit comprising a conveyor belt 42. This allows the fibrous material to be fed from the ground, in particular from the stable floor, by means of the conveyor belt 42, so that the fibrous material does not have to be lifted in order to be conveyed into the loosening unit 8. For this purpose, the conveyor belt 42 is directly connected to the hopper 7 of the feed unit arranged on the ground. Fibrous material can be fed into the hopper 7 both manually and by means of a bale unwinder, in particular for round bales. A commercially available round bale unwinder can, for example, be pushed in front of the device 1 on the feed side of the hopper 7.

[0127] An angle of inclination 43 of the conveyor belt 42 relative to a plane parallel to the ground is preferably approximately 45°. In particular, the angle of inclination 43 can be in a range of 20 to 80°, preferably in a range of 35 to 65°, particularly preferably in a range of 40 to 50°. 0 lay.

[0128] The fibrous material can be fed to the unit comprising the loosening unit 8 and the spray chamber 3 via the conveyor belt 42. For this purpose, the conveyor belt 42 can be connected to the loosening unit 8 via a connecting element 44. The connecting element 44 can be flexible, for example, in particular hose-like, comprising an elastic material, or rigid, for example, as a piece of pipe, in particular comprising a metal.

[0129] Similar to the embodiments of the device 1 shown in Figures 2 and 3, the fibrous material can be fed to the loosening unit 8 via the hopper 7 and the conveyor belt 42. From there, the loosened material enters the spray chamber 3. A collecting container 10 is arranged behind the spray chamber 3 in the conveying direction, into which the loosened material is conveyed by an ejection unit 9.

[0130] To prevent blockages or clogging in the loosening unit 8 when fed from the ground, it can also be provided to arrange two counter-rotating spiked rollers in the loosening unit 8, below which another conveyor belt is placed to feed the fibrous material to the spray chamber 3. Alternatively or additionally, it can be provided to mount a rotary atomizer below the spiked rollers, whereby a portion of the fibrous material, in particular approximately half of the fibrous material, can be sprayed within the loosening unit. As a result, only the part of the fibrous material that has not yet been wetted needs to be sprayed in the spray chamber 3. This can further improve dust binding, in particular increasing it to a good 98%.

[0131] The spray chamber 3 is designed to prevent the dust generated there from escaping. This can be achieved by attaching strips of fabric, plastic, or other suitable material. Furthermore, the dust-binding agent is applied to the separated material in the spray chamber 3 using at least one rotary atomizer. This rotary atomizer allows the dust-binding liquid to be evenly distributed in very small quantities (e.g., approximately 80 ml per 10 kg of fibrous material). The optimal droplet size is approximately 35 micrometers, which ensures complete coverage and thus binding of the dust to the fibrous material.

[0132] The collecting container 10 is arranged, in particular attached, below the ejection unit 9. The fill level of the collecting container 10 can be monitored by a camera. If the fill level reaches or exceeds a maximum level, the device 1 can be briefly stopped and the collecting container 10 replaced with an empty one.

[0133] The collection container 10 preferably comprises a wire frame and / or a rectangular net. Particularly preferably, the collection container 10 has an upper wire frame and a lower wire frame. In particular, it can be provided that the two wire frames have different sizes. For example, an upper wire frame can be larger, so that the collection container 10 has a conical shape. The conical shape allows filled collection containers 10 to be easily stacked, which allows for pre-production and subsequent bedding (straw) or feeding (hay). Furthermore, the upper wire frame can have a handle for easy handling. The lower wire frame serves, in particular, as a weight when the collection container 10 is empty.

[0134] The feed unit comprising the hopper 7 and the conveyor belt 42 is designed as a structural unit separate from the loosening unit 8 and the spray clamp 3. Both the feed unit and the unit comprising the loosening unit 8 and the spray chamber 3 each have a frame, on the underside of which rollers 45 are arranged. The invention thus enables the feed unit and the unit comprising the loosening unit 8 and the spray chamber 3 to be movable, in particular independently of one another.

[0135] In another embodiment not shown, the conveyor belt can extend in the feed direction through the spray chamber to the outlet opening or beyond.

[0136] In another embodiment not shown, the loosening unit can be arranged in front of the spray chamber in the feed direction.

[0137] The rotary atomizers can be arranged at any position within the spray chamber or any interior of the spray chamber. Preferably, at least one of the rotary atomizers can be arranged near the outlet opening. Multiple rotary atomizers can be arranged in a pattern, grid, or evenly spaced from one another, and / or the dust-binding agent can be sprayed from different directions. It can also be provided that at least one rotary atomizer is integrated into the loosening unit. For example, a spiked roller used as a loosening unit can have rotary atomizers for spraying the dust-binding agent.

[0138] In an embodiment not shown, the loosening unit can comprise a roller, a chopper, an agitator, a blower, a brush, or any combination thereof. It can also be provided that the loosening unit has two rollers spaced apart in the feed direction and rotating at different speeds, so that the fibrous material is pulled apart and thereby loosened. Likewise, it can be provided that the loosening unit has two pairs of rollers spaced apart in the feed direction, each pair comprising two rollers arranged vertically one above the other.

[0139] In an embodiment not shown, the outlet opening may not be arranged parallel to the inlet opening. In particular, the outlet opening may be arranged such that the ejection direction is oriented substantially perpendicular to the feed direction. Provision may be made for the fibrous material to be ejected vertically downwards. Provision may be made for the outlet opening to have a funnel shape.

[0140] In an embodiment not shown, the device may comprise a separation unit for separating dust particle clusters formed during spraying, for example, at least one vacuum cleaner, brush, washing unit, or a combination of these. The separation unit may be arranged downstream of the spray chamber and / or the ejection unit and / or between the spray chamber and the ejection unit in the feed direction of the fibrous material.

[0141] In one embodiment, the device 1 can be fixed in place via a frame 12. In another embodiment, the device 1 or the frame 12 can be mounted on wheels or rollers, allowing the device 1 to be moved.

[0142] The features of the invention disclosed in the above description, in the drawings and in the claims may be essential for the realization of the invention both individually and in any combination.

[0143] List of reference symbols:

[0144] Device for treating a fibrous material

[0145] Fibrous material

[0146] Spray chamber

[0147] Entrance opening

[0148] Exit opening

[0149] Rotary atomizer

[0150] funnel

[0151] Loosening unit

[0152] Ejection unit

[0153] Collection container

[0154] Control unit

[0155] frame

[0156] Gearbox

[0157] flap

[0158] Ground sprinklers

[0159] drain

[0160] container

[0161] Ejection opening adjustment device

[0162] deflection piece

[0163] flap

[0164] Catch protection

[0165] Outlet of the container

[0166] Replaceable internal volume

[0167] Recording device

[0168] solenoid valve

[0169] reducer

[0170] reservoir

[0171] connector

[0172] Dust extraction

[0173] valve

[0174] Actuator

[0175] Connection

[0176] industrial vacuum cleaner

[0177] T-piece

[0178] Heating element Conveyor belt Inclination angle Connecting element Roller

Claims

Claims:

1. Device (i) for treating a fibrous material, preferably hay or straw, the device comprising: - a spray chamber (3) having an inlet opening (4), an outlet opening (5) and at least one rotary atomizer (6) arranged between the inlet and outlet openings (4; 5) for atomizing and spraying a dust-binding agent onto a fibrous material (2); - a feed unit (7) designed to introduce the fibrous material (2) through the inlet opening (4) into the spray chamber (3); and - a loosening unit (8) for loosening and / or shredding the fibrous material (2); wherein the feed unit (7) is designed as a funnel.

2. Device (1) according to claim 1, which comprises a feeding unit, preferably designed as a hay crane, which is designed to feed the fibrous material to the hopper (7).

3. Device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, which has a container (17) fluidically connected to the rotary atomizer (6) for receiving the dust binding agent, wherein the container (17) is designed to be exchangeable or is designed to receive an exchangeable internal volume (23).

4. Device (1) according to claim 3, wherein the container (17) comprises cardboard, preferably is designed as a bag-in-box packaging, and / or an inner side of the container (17) has a liquid-impermeable coating, in particular a plastic coating, and / or the exchangeable inner volume (23) is designed as a bag, in particular as a plastic bag. 5- Device (1) according to one of claims 3 or 4, which has a receiving device (24) for receiving the container (17), which is designed to position the container (17) on or above the spray zone (3) and to fluidically connect the container (17) to the rotary atomizer (6).

6. Device (1) according to claim 5, wherein the receiving device (24) has a heating element (35) which is preferably designed to temper the dust binding agent in the container (17), preferably to a temperature in a range of 20 to 25 0 C.

7. Device (1) according to one of claims 3 to 6, which comprises a solenoid valve (25) and a reducer (26), wherein the solenoid valve (25) and the reducer (26) are designed to fluidically connect the container (17) and the rotary atomizer (6).

8. Device (1) according to claim 7, wherein the reducer (26) is designed such that a volume flow of dust binding agent at the rotary atomizer (6) is between 5 and 50 ml of dust binding agent per minute, preferably between 15 and 40 ml of dust binding agent per minute, particularly preferably between 20 and 30 ml of dust binding agent per minute.

9. Device (1) according to one of claims 3 to 8, which has a connector (28) for connecting an outlet (22) of the container (17) to the rotary atomizer (6), wherein the connector (28) can be non-positively connected to the outlet (22) of the container (17) and / or the connector (28) is designed to open the outlet (22) of the container (17).

10. Device (1) according to claim 9, wherein the connector (28) has an adjusting element (31) for force-fitting connection to the outlet (22) of the container (17) and / or for opening the outlet (22) of the container (17), wherein the adjusting element (31) is preferably designed as an adjusting screw or a lever.

11. Device (1) according to one of claims 3 to 10, which has a reservoir (27) which is fluidically connectable to an outlet (22) of the container (17), and is arranged to fluidically connect the outlet (22) of the container (17) to the rotary atomizer (6).

12. Device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, in which the device (1) has a dust extraction system (29) which is preferably arranged in the feed direction in front of the spray zone (3) and / or is designed for connection to an industrial vacuum cleaner.

13. A method for treating a fibrous material (2) with a dust-binding agent by means of a device (1) according to one of claims 1 to 12, the method comprising the steps of: Providing a fibrous material (2) containing dust particles and feeding the fibrous material (2) through the feed unit (7) of the device (1); - loosening the fibrous material (2) by the loosening unit (8) of the device (1); and - Spraying a dust binding agent into the spray chamber (3) of the device (1) onto the fibrous material (2), wherein the dust binding agent is atomized into droplets by the at least one rotary atomizer (6) arranged in the spray chamber (3), and wherein the dust binding agent is designed to bind dust particles to fibers of the fibrous material (2) and / or to promote cluster formation of the dust particles.

14. A dust binding agent for a device according to any one of claims 1 to 12 and / or for a method according to claim 13, comprising an enzyme and / or an enzyme mixture for degrading or decomposing mycotoxins, wherein the enzyme and / or the enzyme mixture is preferably configured for degrading or decomposing at least one of A-trichothecenes, B-trichotecenes, fumonisins or cerealenone metabolites.

15. Dust binding agent according to claim 14, which comprises an aqueous-based film former comprising Cassia Gum E 427, agar-agar, carboxymethylcellulose or any combination thereof and / or a preservative, preferably a potassium sorbate, a citric acid, a sugar, a maltodextrin or any combination thereof, and / or has a viscosity of 20 - 60 mPas, preferably 30 - 50 mPas, particularly preferably 35 - 45 mPas.

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