Rectangular and quadrangular constructive elements of assembly

Abstract

The invention describes the rectangular and quadrangular constructive elements of assembly based in a simple and reinforced dovetailing closure system, where said elements have the capacity of assembly in a modular manner and the structure obtained has the properties of acoustic, wind, thermal and light isolation, since they have sectioned spaces in equidistant intervals and adjusted with dovetailing guides. Also, the rectangular constructive modularly assembled has the mechanical resistance and the property to prevent the passing of water from the exterior to the interior of the wall, being its application for the manufacturing of exterior walls and if installed in an inverted manner has the application in the construction of internal walls. The rectangular and quadrangular constructive elements of assembly also have the application in the construction of walls, slabs, covers or finishes and accessories for gardening. Also, prefabricated modular walls can be assembled in the place of manufacturing and then be transported and installed in the final site of construction.

Description

RECTANGULAR AND QUADRANGULAR CONSTRUCTIVE ELEMENTS OF ASSEMBLYField of Invention

[0001] The present invention refers to the area of construction, specifically related to the rectangular and quadrangular constructive elements of assembly, where they are assembled modularly in a fast and simple manner, through a simple or reinforced dovetailing closure system that doesn't need adhesives, cements, threaded elements, parts or other material to achieve the union. Such modular constructive elements have attractive physical and mechanical properties for the construction of walls, slabs and roofs such as the installation of tiles, staves, baseboards, soffits; also considering the installation of garden accessories such as pots.Background of the Invention

[0002] The construction of walls is done through the use of bricks, partitions and blocks based in masonry, mortar, lime amongst others. However, recently the use of materials of construction based on plastics is being introduced.

[0003] In the market of global level, numerous products aimed at the construction of walls based in plastic materials exists, having variations in the geometry, manner of assembly and use of elements of union between the blocks.

[0004] Casan, C.A., in the patent of Spain No. 2277518, shows a prefabricated one for the construction where it is used as wall covering or for the formation of vaults in false ceilings; the inventor described the use of a body constituted by a base of a polymeric material that supports a set of thin bricks, in addition to some gaps between the bricks and between each one of the bodies, having the gaps covered by a filling material; additionally, it has a dovetailing system formed byoutstanding bricks and existing gaps between the bricks. Casan, C.A. does not mention the use of the rectangular and quadrangular constructive elements of assembly where they have a simple or reinforced dovetailing closure system, same that lacks a union material and conserves the physical, mechanical and functional properties of a wall for exteriors and interiors.

[0005] Whitaker, J., in the patent of Great Britain, No. 2420354 A, mentions a plastic block for construction with a superior and inferior surface, where the superior has two gaps and between them at least one hole that works as a drainage channel towards the bottom of the block. When the blocks connect in formation to give way to a wall, the conducts are aligned to allow water drainage. The inventor mentions that the plastic block contains an inert material as a filler and a fire retardant, but does not offer information of any property of thermal, wind, acoustic, mechanical or light resistance. The plastic block has a different geometry than the present invention.

[0006] Bouchillon, J.L., in the patent of EE.UU. No. 3593480, described a block and its assembly, where the block with rectangular geometry contains cavities filled of a cement material and hollow cavities of dead air that work as insulating spaces; in addition, the block contains adjusting bolts in the inferior part that provide stability in the assembly. For the invention to work it is necessary the use of a filler material. The present invention of rectangular and quadrangular constructive elements of assembly, does not require cementitious material forthe union of the parts and contains a closure system based in simple or reinforced lateral dovetailing and guides of lateral dovetailing that promote a precise assembly with wind, light and thermal resistance, as well as acoustic isolation.

[0007] Harman, J.D., in the patent of EE.UU. No. 3668832, mentions a plastic construction block that contains two lateral walls one in front of the other and forming a rectangular box with the top open, and also the laterals contain tabs and grooves that define the fitting section between the blocks, generating rigid structures. The geometry of the block is completely different than the exposed in the invention of the rectangular and quadrangular constructive elements of assembly,in addition the inventor does not mention the functional properties such as acoustic isolation, wind, light and thermal resistance; and also does not mention the resistance of water passage of the exterior to the interior of the wall.

[0008] Knudson et al., in the patent of EE.UU. No. 6571529 B2, shows a retaining block wall resistant to the damage by the environment, where the block has more than four sides in a horizontal manner and does not possess a lateral dovetailing closure system, the union is realized with superior gaps and anchoring devices at the bottom. For the system to work, the gaps must be filled with liquid filling material. Knudson et al., does not mention functional properties such as acoustic isolation, wind, light and thermal resistance; and also does not mention the resistance of water passage of the exterior to the interior of the wall. The containment block has a different geometry to the present invention.

[0009] A diversity of geometries for construction blocks have been found, such as the shown in the patent of Nunez-Vargas, M., in US 8297012 B2 and the application of the patent of Wong et al., in US 2020 / 0038772 Al, where the assembly of the blocks is done by the insertion of a superior and inferior dovetailing in a circular shape and half sphere. None of them have the simple or reinforced dovetailing closure system and does not mention the functional properties of the assembly.

[0010] Schieberl, D., in the application of the patent in EE.UU. No. 2024 / 0003132 Al, shows a rectangular plastic block with lateral ample assembly and superior slots with different forms, the inferior part has protrusions that anchor into the upper slots of the other block, said block has an inclined conformation to facilitate the exit of water. This patent does not show other properties such as the acoustic isolation, wind, light and thermal resistance; nevertheless, the present invention of rectangular and quadrangular constructive elements of assembly shows the versatility of using holes formed for the passage of electrical ducts, voice and data, hydraulic, home automation and mechanical-structural installations such as reinforced concrete and dry or steelstructures, such as profile PTR, rods, etc. Or in case of being enveloped for rigid frames and reinforcements such as IPR, HSS, angles and derivatives; also, contains a simple or reinforced dovetailing closure system and dovetailing guides that promote functional properties such as acoustic isolation, wind, light and thermal resistance. The present invention promotes the resistance of water passage of the exterior to the interior of the wall.

[0011] Alvares Moysen, A.R. in the international petition WO 2010 / 013991 Al, shows a system of blocks for the construction of walls, where a footing block is used characterized for having two rectangular prisms located in parallel and joined by two trapezoidal prisms that form a hole in the center of the block and in which it is filled with mortar, design variants in the inferior part are also noted, whether continuous or discontinuous for the effect of a larger number of trapezoidal prisms. An important aspect is that the assembly only work when mortar is used between the blocks. The inventor does not mention at any point about the functional properties such as acoustic isolation, wind, light and thermal resistance; and also does not mention the resistance of water passage of the exterior to the interior of the wall.

[0012] Perez-Gonzalez in his international petition No. WO 2017 / 155381, mentions a plastic block for the construction of walls, where the block contains two cavities in the superior part and projections in opposite faces for dovetailing coupling. The superior cavities have a background wall and four perimeter vertical walls each. The inferior cavities have two hollow inferior projections adapted to be inserted in the superior cavities. The cavities have perforations in certain sides of the background wall where semi-liquid material such as mortar, plaster, cement, asphalt, resins or any other mixture that gives strength to the union is poured. The block can adapt to make formwork in assembly of castles to join walls by removing the bottom of the cavities and inferior projections to generate a hole where assembly can be done. The inventor does not mention other attributes of plastic blocks. On the other hand, the rectangular and quadrangular constructive elements ofassembly in this invention, contain side slots of simple or reinforced dovetailing, dovetailing guides, structural ribs in the interior of the block, guides of cutting in lateral dovetailing and internal casting grooves that provide modular structures with functional properties such as acoustic isolation, wind, light and thermal resistance; and also does not mention the resistance of water passage of the exterior to the interior of the wall.

[0013] Gonzalez Camacho, J.R. in the patent of Colombia No. 16-031413, shows a system of blocks for mono block construction where the blocks of positive and negative geometry fit together horizontally and vertically, without the need of using adhesives or mortar. This patent contemplates four types of blocks, the type A is a tridimensional rectangular block with two cavities of square shape on the lower basal face and two square protuberances for their fit in the upper basal face, also contains to rectangular fits in the anterior face that extends along the height of the block and two square protuberances in the posterior face that extends along the height of the block, also the protuberance of the superior basal face has an angle of 45 that makes it easy to fit with an adjacent block and the vacuum section has a reduction of its transversal section in angles of 30 in regards to the horizontal in its superior part; the type B is a tridimensional square block with a fit in the inferior basal face and a precise fit in the superior basal face, two fits in the posterior face and two protuberances in the anterior; the type C is a tridimensional block with a T shape with three fitting zones to form compact interior divisions; and type D, being a tridimensional block of fitting for a curve finish of the corners; the invention does not show the physical and functional properties of the block when the walls are built. Therefore, the present invention of rectangular and quadrangular constructive elements of assembly, does contemplate the conformational arrangement with an inferior and superior assembly type dovetailing, whose edges are rounded to facilitate its insertion, presence of lateral slots of simple or reinforced dovetailing, positive and negative in the same face, offering versatility of assembly in both directions; also, the sealing depth is increased and with it theresistance of the lateral loads in the assembly of linear and corner walls is increased. Additionally, the constructive elements have simple, reinforced and absent inferior dovetailing guides, structural ribs in the interior of the element, maintaining mechanical strength and reducing weight, also permits the installation of dry or steel mechanical-structural systems, guides of cutting in lateral dovetailing, cut signage in the inferior dovetailing for exit of water, internal slots for the insertion of the casting adapter and thickness control in the walls of the constructive elements. As a consequence of the double dovetailing by face with depth increase, as well as the characteristics mentioned beforehand the modular structures with functional properties such as acoustic isolation, wind, light and thermal resistance; and also does not mention the resistance of water passage of the exterior to the interior of the wall are obtained.

[0014] As mentioned in the above paragraphs, there still exists the need to have walls that possess the physical and functional properties, capable of covering the demands of the diverse markets in the industry of construction. Therefore, the invention of rectangular and quadrangular constructive elements of assembly is developed to cover this demand.Summary of the Invention

[0015] An objective of the present invention is to provide rectangular and quadrangular constructive elements of assembly for the construction of walls, slabs and roofs or finishes, such as the installation of tiles, staves, baseboards, soffits; also considering the installation of garden accessories such as pots. And where its installation does not require the use of adhesives, cements or other materials to ensure its assembly.

[0016] Another objective of the present invention is providing rectangular and quadrangular constructive elements of assembly that by forming them intro wall-type structure, the physical andmechanical properties of interest for the area of construction are achieved; mentioning, preventing the passing of water from the exterior face of the wall to the interior of the room, being its main application for exterior walls. If the elements are installed in an inadvertent manner, the modular structure has application only in the construction of interior walls.

[0017] Another objective of the invention is to provide the rectangular and quadrangular constructive elements for the footing of exterior walls, where the passing of water is facilitated from the interior of the wall to the exterior of the same, through predetermined slots with guides of cutting to the exterior side. Also, said rectangular constructive elements are assembled to form part of a footing or intermediate chain in the construction of the wall to facilitate the exit of water from the interior to the exterior of the wall.

[0018] Another object of the invention is to provide the rectangular constructive elements of assembly that possess slots of simple o reinforced lateral dovetailing to promote resistance to lateral impacts; as well as guides of double or simple dovetailing in the inferior part of the constructive element. Which generates modular structures with better wind and thermal resistance, as well as acoustic isolation and luminous seal. Also, when the rectangular and quadrangular constructive elements don't have dovetailing guides, it is used for the manufacturing of furniture.

[0019] Another object of the invention is to provide rectangular or quadrangular constructive elements of heavy and light assembly, having a wall thickness of 5mm for the loads and 2.5 for the lights.

[0020] Another objective of the invention is to provide rectangular and quadrangular constructive elements of assembly with simple type dovetailing closure, counting a duplicate array in the same lateral face of 4 edges and 5 faces and for the reinforced closure with 6 edges and 7 faces, which is to say, positive and negative slots in the same side of the lateral constructive element; offering theversatility of assembly in both directions. Also, the sealed depth is increased to promote the resistance to the lateral loads in the assembly of lineal and corner walls.

[0021] Another objective of the invention is to provide prefabricated modular walls, which are built from the assembly of the rectangular constructive elements in the site of manufacturing and after fitting easily in the locality where the final installation is done.

[0022] Another objective of the invention is to provide rectangular and quadrangular constructive elements of assembly, whose internal conformation confers versatility for a simple, agile installation and keeping the walls square and plumb. Also, the internal structure with males and ribs, maintains structure, lightens weight of the structural element and resists the impact of the hammer during the installation. On the other hand, the conformation of the elements of construction permit the pipe assembly for the electrical installations, hydraulic, voice and data, home automation and mechanical-structural installations such as reinforced cement and dry or steel structures, such as profile PTR, rods, etc. Also in case of being enveloping for rigid frames and assembly such as IPR, HSS, angles and derivatives.

[0023] Another object of the invention is to provide rectangular constructive elements of assembly for the construction of walls in the footing parts, intermediate and lock chains; as well as the body of the wall. Additionally, provide elements to seal the walls in the superior part when the construction of the exterior walls has concluded. Also provided of elements that conform the finishing of slabs, opening for doors and windows; as well as clear.

[0024] Another objective of the invention is to provide rectangular constructive elements of assembly that have internal slots of cutting to do, when electric installations are required or for maintenance.

[0025] Another objective of the invention is to provide a method for the construction of slabs from the rectangular and quadrangular constructive elements of assembly so they can store in their internal structure a mixture of concrete and rod. Also to use elements for covers or finishes.

[0026] Another objective of the invention is to provide rectangular and quadrangular constructive elements of assembly for covers or finishes, where tiles, staves, profile, baseboard amongst others are contemplated. As well as accessories for gardening such as pots, which are easily installed in the superior part of the modular walls or optionally in the body of the modular wall, when rectangular elements of intersection, inserted with a projection towards the outside of the wall are used.

[0027] A final objective of the invention is to provide rectangular and quadrangular constructive elements of assembly that are friendly to the environment by taking advantage of the post-industrial waste or other waste of organic origin; as well as offering a reduction of the cost and time during the construction of the structures of walls, slabs and finishes.Brief description of the drawings

[0028] The constructive elements of the assembly of the present invention are shown in the following descriptions of figures, considering isometric view, side view and in some cases plant view, depending of the application to which the constructive element is directed.

[0029] Figure la shows the plant and isometric view of a light rectangular constructive element with wall thickness of 2.5mm, in accordance to the preferred modality of the invention.

[0030] Figure lb illustrates the plant and isometric view of a load-bearing rectangular constructive element with wall thickness of 5mm, in accordance to the preferred modality of the invention.

[0031] Figure 2 is a plant and isometric view and detail of the rectangular constructive element of assembly, denoting the simple type dovetailing with closure system with two parts attached in position of assembly, in accordance with the preferred modality of the invention.

[0032] Figure 3 shows the plant and isometric view and detail of the rectangular constructive element of assembly, denoting the reinforced type dovetailing with closure system with two parts attached in position of assembly, in accordance with the preferred modality of the invention.

[0033] Figure 4 shows a front, isometric view and detail of a reinforced dovetailing closure system, without dovetailing guides.

[0034] Figure 5 shows a front, isometric view and detail of a simple dovetailing closure system, without dovetailing guides.

[0035] Figure 6 shows a front, isometric view and detail of a reinforced dovetailing closure system, with simple dovetailing guides.

[0036] Figure 7 shows a front, isometric view and detail of a simple dovetailing closure system, with simple dovetailing guides.

[0037] Figure 8 shows a front, isometric view and detail of a reinforced dovetailing closure system, with double dovetailing guides.

[0038] Figure 9 shows a front, isometric view and detail of a simple dovetailing closure system, with double dovetailing guides.

[0039] Figure 10 shows an isometric view and detail of a reinforced dovetailing closure system with simple dovetailing guides and central exhaust slots.

[0040] Figure 11 shows an isometric view and detail of a simple dovetailing closure system with simple dovetailing guides and central exhaust slots.

[0041] Figure 12 shows an isometric view and detail of a reinforced dovetailing closure system with double dovetailing guides and central exhaust slots with guide.

[0042] Figure 13 shows an isometric view and detail of a simple dovetailing closure system with double dovetailing guides and central exhaust slots with guide.

[0043] Figure 14 shows an isometric view and detail of a reinforced dovetailing closure system with double dovetailing guides and central exhaust slots with reinforced guide.

[0044] Figure 15 shows an isometric view and detail of a simple dovetailing closure system with double dovetailing guides and central exhaust slots with reinforced guide.

[0045] Figure 16 shows a universal element with a simple dovetailing closure and no dovetailing guide.

[0046] Figure 17 shows a Large element.

[0047] Figure 18 shows a Large Universal element.

[0048] Figure 19B1 shows an isometric, plant and front view of the rectangular constructive element for a load-bearing wall, simple dovetailing, standard type and basic variant.

[0049] Figure 19B2 illustrates the isometric and front view of the rectangular constructive element for a load-bearing wall with simple dovetailing, standard type and variant of footing.

[0050] Figure 19B3 illustrates the isometric and front view of the rectangular constructive element for a load-bearing wall with simple dovetailing, standard type and overlap variant.

[0051] Figure 19B4 shows the isometric and front view the of rectangular constructive element for a load-bearing wall with simple dovetailing, standard type and basic perforated variant.

[0052] Figure 19B5 illustrates the isometric and front view of the rectangular constructive element for a load-bearing wall with simple dovetailing, standard type and perforated footing variant.

[0053] Figure 19B6 illustrates the isometric and front view of the rectangular constructive element for a load-bearing wall with simple dovetailing, standard type and perforated overlap variant.

[0054] Figure 19B7 illustrates the isometric and front view of the rectangular constructive element for a load-bearing wall with simple dovetailing, average type and basic variant.

[0055] Figure 19B8 illustrates the isometric and front view of the rectangular constructive element for a load-bearing wall with simple dovetailing, average type and footing variant.

[0056] Figure 19B9 illustrates the isometric and front view of the rectangular constructive element for a load-bearing wall with simple dovetailing, average type and basic perforated variant.

[0057] Figure 19B10 illustrates the isometric and front view of the rectangular constructive element for a load-bearing wall with simple dovetailing, average type and perforated footing variant.

[0058] Figure 19B11 illustrates the isometric and front view of the rectangular constructive element with arrangement in L for load-bearing wall with simple dovetailing, intersection type and basic variant.

[0059] Figure 19B12 illustrates the isometric and front view of the rectangular constructive element with arrangement in L for load-bearing wall with simple dovetailing, intersection type and footing variant.

[0060] Figure 19B13 illustrates the isometric and front view of the rectangular constructive element with arrangement in L for load-bearing wall with simple dovetailing, intersection type and overlap variant.

[0061] Figure 19B14 illustrates the isometric and front view of the rectangular constructive element with arrangement in L for load-bearing wall with simple dovetailing, intersection type and basic perforated variant.

[0062] Figure 19B15 illustrates the isometric and front view of the rectangular constructive element with arrangement in L for load-bearing wall with simple dovetailing, intersection type and perforated footing variant.

[0063] Figure 19B16 illustrates the isometric and front view of the rectangular constructive element with arrangement in L for load-bearing wall with simple dovetailing, intersection type and perforated overlap variant.

[0064] Figure 19B17 illustrates the isometric and front view of the rectangular constructive element for a load-bearing wall with simple dovetailing, universal corner type and basic variant.

[0065] Figure 19B18 illustrates the isometric and front view of the rectangular constructive element for a load-bearing wall with simple dovetailing, universal corner type and footing variant.

[0066] Figure 19B19 illustrates the isometric and front view of the rectangular constructive element for a load-bearing wall with simple dovetailing, universal corner type and overlap variant.

[0067] Figure 19B20 shows the isometric and front view of the rectangular constructive element for a load-bearing wall with simple dovetailing, universal corner type and basic perforated variant.

[0068] Figure 19B21 shows the isometric and front view of the rectangular constructive element for a load-bearing wall with simple dovetailing, universal corner type and perforated footing variant.

[0069] Figure 19B22 shows the isometric and front view of the rectangular constructive element for a load-bearing wall with simple dovetailing, universal corner type and perforated overlap variant.

[0070] Figure 19B23 shows the isometric and front view of the rectangular constructive element for a load-bearing wall with simple dovetailing, left corner type and basic variant.

[0071] Figure 19B24 shows the isometric and front view of the rectangular constructive element for a load-bearing wall with simple dovetailing, left corner type and footing variant.

[0072] Figure 19B25 shows the isometric and front view of the rectangular constructive element for a load-bearing wall with simple dovetailing, left corner type and overlap variant.

[0073] Figure 19B26 shows the isometric and front view of the rectangular constructive element for a load-bearing wall with simple dovetailing, left corner type and basic perforated variant.

[0074] Figure 19B27 shows the isometric and front view of the rectangular constructive element for a load-bearing wall with simple dovetailing, left corner type and perforated footing variant.

[0075] Figure 19B28 shows the isometric and front view of the rectangular constructive element for a load-bearing wall with simple dovetailing, left corner type and perforated overlap variant.

[0076] Figure 19B29 shows the isometric and front view of the rectangular constructive element for a load-bearing wall with simple dovetailing, right corner type and basic variant.

[0077] Figure 19B30 shows the isometric and front view of the rectangular constructive element for a load-bearing wall with simple dovetailing, right corner type and footing variant.

[0078] Figure 19B31 shows the isometric and front view of the rectangular constructive element for a load-bearing wall with simple dovetailing, right corner type and overlap variant.

[0079] Figure 19B32 shows the isometric and front view of the rectangular constructive element for a load-bearing wall with simple dovetailing, right corner type and basic perforated variant.

[0080] Figure 19B33 shows the isometric and front view of the rectangular constructive element for a load-bearing wall with simple dovetailing, right corner type and perforated footing variant.

[0081] Figure 19B34 shows the isometric and front view of the rectangular constructive element for a load-bearing wall with simple dovetailing, right corner type and perforated overlap variant.

[0082] Figure 19B35 shows the isometric, plant, lateral and front view of end-of-wall variant for loading-bearing wall with simple dovetailing and simple guide to dovetailing, in accordance with the preferred modality of the invention.

[0083] Figure 20 illustrates the isometric view of the quadrangular constructive element for slab with superior dovetailing and circular perforations on all the perimeter faces, including the internal faces. Also, holding ribs are included (1-L), being a) isometric view, b) lateral view, c) plant view and d) front view. In accordance with the preferred modality of the invention.

[0084] Figure 21 shows two light rectangular constructive elements for finishes in slab, being a) Profile and B) Edge cover with its respective views in isometric, plant, lateral and front. In accordance with the preferred modality of the invention.

[0085] Figure 22 illustrates constructive elements for floors in tile mode with different dimensions, being a) tile of 20x20cm, b) tile of 40x40cm, c) tile of 60x60cm and d) tile of 60x12. All the images show isometric, plant, lateral and front views. In accordance with the preferred modality of the invention.

[0086] Figure 23 shows the constructive elements for loading in floor finishes, being A) Stave with dimensions of 10x220cm, B) Linear baseboard, C) left baseboard and D) right baseboard. They are presented in isometric, plant, lateral and front views. In accordance with the preferred modality of the invention.

[0087] Figure 24 shows constructive elements for application on ceilings and light tiles with different dimensions such as A) 20x20cm, B) 40x40cm, C) 60x60cm and D) 60x120cm. All of them are shown in isometric, plant, lateral and front views. In accordance with the preferred modality of the invention.

[0088] Figure 25 illustrates different constructive elements for the application in light covers such as ceiling, stave and baseboard, being A) Stave with dimensions of 10x220cm, B) Linear baseboard, C) left baseboard and D) right baseboard. All of them are shown in isometric, plant, lateral and front views. In accordance with the preferred modality of the invention.

[0089] Figure 26 shows the rectangular and quadrangular constructive elements used in the assembly of loading walls, showing the diverse variants that work as accessories of assembly. Being A) Top cover, B) Top middle cap, C) Replacement cap, D) Lunge Profile, E) Inferior cover, F) Inferior middle cap, G) Straining lid and H) Pouring divider cover, all of them are shown in an isometric, plant, lateral and front manner. In accordance with the preferred modality of the invention.

[0090] Figure 1 shows light rectangular and quadrangular constructive elements for the construction of walls type Standard and Large, working as accessories for gardening. Being A) Medium pot at a height, B) Standard pot at a height, C) Complete pot at a height, D) Medium pot at double height. In all the cases the isometric view is only shown in its correct assembly in the constructive elements.

[0091] Figure 28 illustrates the isometric, plant, lateral and front view of a rectangular constructive element as a pouring divider cover, used in the construction of walls type Large.

[0092] Figure 29 shows an assembly of prefabricated walls and their anchor with other constructive elements.

[0093] Figure 30 illustrates the assembly of the rectangular elements of perforated footing during the construction of the wall.

[0094] Figure 31 shows the detail of construction of a footing with foundation.

[0095] Figure 32 illustrates the building of a wall with rectangular constructive elements and profile columns PTR.

[0096] Figure 33 shows the different arraignments for the installation of pots in walls based in rectangular constructive elements.

[0097] Figure 34 shows a rectangular element with rectangular perforations in the face (cl), as well as a hollow rectangular element type accessory that is anchored in the first, forming a positive dovetailing in said face.

[0098] Figure 35 shows the integration of some rectangular and quadrangular elements of the present invention in application of walls, slabs and finishes.Detailed description of the invention

[0099] The present invention describes rectangular and quadrangular constructive elements of assembly based in a simple and reinforced dovetailing closure system, where said elements have the ability to assemble in a modular manner and the structure obtained has the properties of acoustic, wind, thermal and light isolation; as well as mechanical resistance and the property to prevent the passage of water from the exterior to the interior of the wall, being its application for the manufacturing of exterior walls and when installed in an inverted manner, they have application in construction of interior walls. Also, the constructive elements of assembly have their application in the manufacturing of load-bearing and light walls, as well as slabs and ceilings or finishes, such as tile, staves and baseboards. Additionally, the constructive elements contemplate a variety of pots as gardening accessories. The invention is also considered friendly to the environment for taking advantage of the post-industrial waste or other waste of organic origin; as well as offer reduction of cost and time during the construction of structures of walls, slabs and finishes.

[0100] The rectangular and quadrangular constructive elements of assembly of this invention are described with detail for the variants of the subfamily B for walls, as well as variants of tile and ceilings, since they assemble between them and constitute an integrated set of elements to give rise to the finished modular structure.

[0101] Referencing the figures 1 to 3, the rectangular constructive elements have two categories in function of thickness, being of 2.5mm and 5mm for light and heavy respectively. Also, a lateral closure system is considered based in the positive and negative dovetailing located in the lateral face of the element and the opposite face of the same element, which can be easily attached with another element indistinctly of the position in which it is assembled. Said simple lateral dovetailing consists of a slot and a projection attached immediately and in duplicate in two opposite faces ofthe element, with this, a closure system of 4 edges and contact in 5 faces to form a union can be obtained. The reinforced lateral dovetailing contemplates a projection and two slots attached immediately, as well as two projections and one slot arranged adjacently, placed in two opposite faces of the element, obtaining a closure system of 6 edges and 7 faces in the sites of union. These systems permit the coupling of elements in an easy and simple manner, providing mechanical resistance to lateral impacts.

[0102] Referencing to figures 4 to 9, the constructive elements have the type of reinforced and simple dovetailing closure in the frontal face and the back of the same, also the figures 4 and 5 lack dovetailing guides, which permits the assembly of elements in interiors and for the manufacturing of the furniture. The figures 6 and 7 contain reinforced and simple dovetailing, plus a guide of dovetailing in the inferior part of the element, right where the lateral dovetailing starts. This conformation permits the coupling of elements to build walls, obtaining modular assemblies that confer properties of mechanical resistance to lateral, wind, thermal, acoustic and water impact. The figures 8 and 9 have simple and reinforced closure, as well as double guides of dovetailing in the inferior part of the element.

[0103] Figures 10 and 15 contain front and isometric view and detail of the simple and reinforced dovetailing closure, where figures 10 and 11 have simple guides of dovetailing, as well as central exhaust channels that work as water channeling mechanisms for a fast evacuation of the same. Figures 12 and 13 show elements with reinforced and simple dovetailing closures, double guides of dovetailing and central exhaust channels with guide; which will permit an adequate seal to prevent the entrance of water to the wall, as well as the improvement to the wind, acoustic and thermal resistance. Figures 14 and 15 show a front and isometric view and detail of the reinforced dovetailing closure with dovetailing guides ultra-reinforced, which guarantees a better sealing and promotes the property of wind, acoustic, thermal and water resistance.

[0104] Alluding to figure 16, this shows the isometric view of a Universal element, which has a simple dovetailing closure, but also can contain a reinforced closure. Additionally, lacks of dovetailing guides, which allows it to be used in any type of assembly; it also has two lateral slots in the faces cl and c'l that work as coupling parts, ornament or to promote the masonry flattening fastening.

[0105] Figure 17 shows a constructive element type Large, which is used in the manufacturing of walls, it consists in a rectangular prism with four square holes that go through the element, each hole has structural ribs in the walls of the same, which confers to it the mechanical resistance. Additionally, it has 4 positive structures in the inferior part of the element that work to facilitate the assembly with the other elements; on the other hand, the height of the Large element corresponds to double in regards to the conventional elements.

[0106] Figure 18 shows a constructive element, type Large for walls, which has the same characteristics of figure 17, but also contains slots dovetailing negative in the 4 faces of the rectangular prism, where each slot is aligned to be assembled with another element in case it is necessary.

[0107] For a better understanding of the diverse rectangular elements, these are grouped in subfamilies where each have similar features in type of dovetailing and thickness of wall, which are mentioned in table 1 and made reference to the figure that described its general form. On the other hand, the detail of the variants of the subfamily B will only be described for illustrative purposes, since the descriptive characteristics can easily be extended to other subfamilies, depending of the implied variant.

[0108] Table 1. Subfamily of rectangular and quadrangular constructive elements for the construction of walls in linear conformation or in L with variation in thickness of wall and type of dovetailing closure.

[0109] Referencing figure 19B1, a rectangular prism is shown with faces (bl, b'l, cl, c'l) whose application is for load-bearing walls for having more thickness of wall, also contains two square superior holes that go through the element in its totality. It also has a simple lateral dovetailing closure system that gets 4 edges and 5 faces, which are composed by an exterior positive rib orprojection (2) and one negative rib or slot (3) that when assembled, permit a sealing with higher resistance to lateral impacts, the disposition of dovetailing is in duplicate in each lateral face of the element. In the exterior positive rib, a cutting guide is found (1) that is used when expansion of the application to an end of wall element or a universal corner is required (11) arranged in the lower part of the lateral sides of the element, which have a square base and circular termination that promotes the acoustic isolation and the wind, light and thermal resistance. In the inferior face of the element (b'l) two hollow square male structures or sockets are found (al) that go through the element and which work as an attachment point for other adjacent elements and thus achieve a modular assembly, in addition the male contains in the internal part, ribs for a correct attachment of the solid or steely structures. In the exterior part of the male structure or socket (al) cutting signs are found (7) which is removed in the parts to guarantee the exit of the water from the interior to the exterior of the element, being a fundamental part when you want the wall to have resistance to the passing of water from the exterior of the wall to the interior of the room. If the constructive element is installed in an inverse manner, which is to say, the male in the superior part of the element, then the assembly will only have application for the construction of the internal walls. In the superior part of the element (bl) by the interior, slots to receive the overlap of two assembled parts are found, so the load or weight of the element is distributed, this is how the structural resistance is conferred to vertical forces. In the vertical holes of the element, vertical slots are found (4) that help place the vertical pouring lid, also internal slots are found (5) for the precise adjustment of the apparent block cover when some sort of change for maintenance or installation of electric components are required. In the lateral faces by the external superior part, central slots with rounding are found (8) that favor the settlement of the assembled elements and in the center of the element by the inferior part a projection is found (11) that favors the sealing alongside the slot (8), this entails an improvement in the wind, acoustic, thermal and light seal.

[0110] Figure 19B2 is a rectangular element for a load-bearing wall with application in footing, whose simple dovetailing of closure system (2 and 3) confers mechanical stability and wind, acoustic, thermal and light seal. This element shares the same descriptive characteristics than the element of figure 19B1, except that it lacks the two square male structures of the inferior part. This element hast the application in the construction of walls, specifically in the removal.

[0111] Figure 19B3 shows the isometric view of the overlap element, which is used in the installation of load-bearing walls by the method of assembling prefabricated modules. This element shares all the characteristics of 19B1, except that it lacks a square male inferior structure, with it the perfect assembly with another similar structure, coming of another adjacent modular assembly is achieved. Also, the element presents a support with more thickness of wall in the medium segment of the same (13) to promote the distribution of load and lateral effort.

[0112] Figure 19B4 is a perforated element for load-bearing wall that shares the same structural characteristics of the variant 4B1 and also contains circular perforations in the left and right lateral end (14 and 14"), as well as the central part of the element (14'). The perforations fulfill the function of forming a continuous horizontal cavity throughout the element where the ducts for the installation of electric, hydraulic and communication services will pass through.

[0113] Figure 19B5 is an element for the construction of load-bearing walls for the perforated footing, which shares all the characteristics of the element 19B4, but lacks of the male square structures or socket of the inferior part. This type of element is used in the manufacturing of the wall, right in the first line of the construction and for which a rod and cement is placed in the perforations, generating a structural continuity and stability of the wall.

[0114] Figure 19B6 is an element for the construction of load-bearing walls for the perforated footing, which shares all the characteristics of the element 19B4, except that it has only one male square structure or socket of the inferior part. This type of element is used in the manufacturing ofprefabricated modular walls, which permits the assembly of two modules in a simple and easy manner.

[0115] Figure 19B7 is a quadrangular element for the load-bearing wall, average type and basic variant; whose simple dovetailing closure system (2 and 3) confers mechanical stability and the wind, acoustic, thermal and light seal. This element shares the same descriptive characteristics of the figure 19B1, except that it is only half of the rectangular prism. This element has application in the construction of walls, specifically for the finishing of walls.

[0116] Figure 19B8 is a quadrangular element for a load-bearing wall, average type and footing variant. This element shares the same descriptive characteristics than the element of figure 19B7, except that it lacks of the male square structures of the inferior part, this element has application in the construction of overthrow.

[0117] Figure 19B9 is a quadrangular element for a load-bearing wall, average type and footing variant. This element shares the same descriptive characteristics than the element of the figure 19B7, except it has two circular perforations (14 and 14') in the right and left lateral faces, this element is used to give continuity in the construction of walls.

[0118] Figure 19B10 is a quadrangular element for a load-bearing wall, average type and footing variant. This element shares the same descriptive characteristics than the element of the figure 19B7, except it has two circular perforations (14 and 14') in the right and left lateral faces. This element is used in the lunge construction for load-bearing walls.

[0119] Figure 19B11 shows the isometric and front view of the element of intersection, which is used in the change of direction in the construction of load-bearing walls, since it has the conformation of L, which is to say, possesses 3 vertical holes that go through the element. It shares all the characteristics of the element of figure 19B1, but is arraignment in L leads to having 3 male square structures in the inferior part. The element also has application in gardening accessories,because when it is assembled in a wall, leaving a projection in L outside the line of construction of the wall, hanging or overhanging structures are achieved, where a pot can be placed.

[0120] Figure 19B12 shows the isometric and front view of the element of intersection for footing, which is used in the change of direction in the construction of load-bearing walls in the footing section. This shares all the characteristics of the element of the figure 19B12, lacks of the 3 male square structures of the inferior part.

[0121] Figure 19B13 shows the isometric and front view of the element of intersection for footing, which is used in the change of direction in the construction of load-bearing walls. This shares all the characteristics of the element of figure 19B11, except that it lacks of one of the male square structures in the inferior part. This variant is of utility when prefabricated modular walls are built in the manufacturing site and is assembled after in the final installation site.

[0122] Figure 19B14 shows the isometric and front view of the element of basic perforated intersection, which is used in the change of direction in the construction of load-bearing walls, where it is required the installation of solid or steel materials such as a rod and concrete, as well as electric and hydraulic pipes etc. This shares all the characteristics of the element of figure 19B11, except it has circular perforations (14, 14' and 14") in the left, right and perpendicular lateral faces.

[0123] Figure 19B15 shows the isometric and front view of the element of perforated footing intersection, which is used in the change of direction in the construction of load-bearing walls in the footing section, where the installation of solid or steel material such as rods and concrete are required. This shares all the characteristics of the element of the figure 19B14, except that it lacks of the 3 male square structures of the inferior part.

[0124] Figure 19B16 shows the isometric and front view of the element of perforated footing intersection, which is used in the change of direction in the construction of load-bearing walls, where the installation of solid or steel material such as rods and concrete are required, as well asthe electric and hydraulic pipes, etc. This shares all the characteristics of the element of the figure 19B15, except that it lacks of the 3 square structures of the inferior part.

[0125] Figure 19B17 shows the isometric and front view of a rectangular element, basic universal corner type, used in the construction of walls. This element has similar characteristics to the element of the figure 19B1, except it contains two negative vertical slots in half of the faces (cl and c'l) which confers a support to the lateral loads.

[0126] Figure 19B18 shows the isometric and front view of a rectangular element, universal corner type, used in the construction of walls, particularly in the footing section. This element has similar characteristics to the element of the figure 19B17, except it lacks of the two positive square structures of the inferior part of the element.

[0127] Figure 19B19 shows the isometric and front view of a rectangular element universal corner type, used in the construction of prefabricated modular walls. This element has similar characteristics to the element of figure 19B17, except that it lacks of one of the positive square structures of the inferior part of the element and also contains a vertical dividing line (15) in the middle of the faces (cl and c'l) which will provide a structure in intervals.

[0128] Figure 19B20 shows the isometric and front view of a rectangular element, basic universal perforated corner type. This element has similar characteristics to the element of figure 19B17, except that it has circular perforations (14, 14' and 14") in the left and right lateral faces, as well as in the middle of the faces (cl and c'l) which functionality lies in the continuity of the solid installations of cement, steel or electric, hydraulic pipes.

[0129] Figure 19B21 shows the isometric and front view of a rectangular element of universal perforated corner type. This element has similar characteristics to the element of figure 19B20, except that it lacks the two positive square structures of the inferior part of the element.

[0130] Figure 19B22 shows the isometric and front view of a rectangular element of universal perforated corner type. This element has similar characteristics to the element of figure 19B20, except that it lacks one of the positive square structures of the inferior part of the element. This element has the functionality of generating displacements and with its holes the passing of electric, hydraulic and special services; also provides functionality to the concrete passing for wall plantings.

[0131] Figure 19B23 shows the isometric and front view of a rectangular element of basic left corner type, used in the construction of walls. This element has similar characteristics to the element of figure 19B1, except that in the left lateral face it lacks the dovetailing closure system and lacks guides of dovetailing, it confers properties of creating corners with esthetics avoiding the view of the positives in the facade.

[0132] Figure 19B24 shows the isometric and front view of a rectangular element, left cornerback type for footing, used in the construction of walls. This element has similar characteristics to the element of figure 19B23, except that it lacks of both inferior positive square structures.

[0133] Figure 19B25 shows the isometric and front view of a rectangular element, left cornerback type with overlap, used in the construction of walls. This element has similar characteristics to the element of figure 19B23, except that in the right lateral face lacks an inferior positive square structure and in the left lateral face, lacks a dovetailing closure system and lacks dovetailing guides, this confers properties of footing for the beginning of walls in corners.

[0134] Figure 10B26 shows the isometric and front view of a rectangular element, left cornerback type of perforated footing, used in the construction of walls. This element has similar characteristics to the element of figure 19B24, except it possesses circular perforations that go through the element in its totality (14, 14' and 14"), also includes a perforation in the middle of the faces (cl and c'l) of the element, this confers properties shoring reinforced concrete and the passing of electric, hydraulic and special services.

[0135] Figure 19B27 shows the isometric and front view of a rectangular element for load-bearing wall with simple dovetailing and perforated footing, this element shares characteristics of the element 19B26, but lacks the positive male in the inferior part. Also, possesses lateral slots in all of the faces, except two halves.

[0136] Figure 19B28 shows the isometric and front view of a rectangular element for construction of load-bearing wall, left cornerback type and perforated footing, this design is similar to 19B27, but only contains an inferior positive dovetailing (al).

[0137] Figure 19B29 of the isometric and front view of a rectangular element, basic right cornerback type, used in the construction of walls. This element has similar characteristics to the element of figure 19B1, except that the right lateral face lacks the dovetailing closure system and lacks dovetailing guides, and also contains lateral slots in the middle of the faces cl and c'l.

[0138] Figure 19B30 shows the isometric and front view of a rectangular element, basic right cornerback type and variant of footing, used in the construction of walls. This element has similar characteristics to the element of figure 19B29, except it lacks dovetailing guides in the frontal face and lacks the inferior positive square structure.

[0139] Figure 19B3 shows the isometric and front view of a rectangular element, right cornerback type with footing, used in the construction of walls. This element has similar characteristics to the element of figure 19B25, except that it is oriented in the opposite way, this geometry confers properties of footing for the beginning of the walls in corners.

[0140] Figure 19B32 shows an element, right cornerback type, basic, perforated, which is similar to the element of figure 19B27. This element has application in the construction of corners where the installation of services is required.

[0141] Figure 19B33 shows an element, right cornerback of footing for a load-bearing wall, and is similar to 19B32, except that it lacks both inferior male structures.

[0142] Figure 19B35 shows the isometric, plant, lateral and front view, where this element shares all the characteristics of the element 19B1, but lacks dovetailing guides only on one side of the element (back) and half of the central projection of the element, said effect is better denoted in the lateral view.

[0143] When the elements of construction mention beforehand are assembled, they form a modular structure that possesses the properties of acoustic isolation, wind, thermal and light resistance; and also promotes the resistance of the passing of water from the exterior to the interior of the wall, reason why it is used in the construction of external or internal walls if the constructive element is used in an inverted manner.

[0144] To rate the characteristics of the rectangular and quadrangular constructive elements, in table 2 of the present invention they are mentioned.

[0145] Table2. Numeric key of the characteristics of the rectangular and quadrangular constructive elements of the invention.

[0146] Key Characteristic

[0147] Cutting guide in lateral dovetailing.

[0148] Positive exterior rib or projection for the increase in the resistance to the lateral impact.

[0149] Negative exterior rib or slot for the increase in the resistance to the lateral impact.

[0150] Interior slots to receive the coupling of the vertical casting cover.

[0151] Internal slots for the precise adjustment of the apparent block cover when changes to the covers are required for maintenance or installation of electric components.

[0152] Internal cutting guides to assure the precise cut for change of covers.

[0153] Cutting signage in the positive males to guarantee the exit of water of the element when it is assembled in exteriors.

[0154] Central slot with rounding, as well as central and peripheral traps to improve the wind and acoustic sealing, avoiding the accumulation of waste and facilitating the assembly between constructive elements.

[0155] Internal slot to receive overlapping of two assembled pieces and then can distribute the consecutive weight load in all the block diaphragms, which confers the structural resistance to vertical strength.

[0156] Absence of dovetailing guides, recommended for interior walls and furniture.

[0157] Dovetailing guides that can be simple or double, depending on the closure system. These guides promote acoustic insulation and wind, light and thermal resistance.

[0158] 11' Double dovetailing guides with square base and circular finish edge that promotes the acoustic isolation and the wind, light and thermal resistance.

[0159] Double and ample dovetailing guides with square base and circular finish for the simple lateral dovetailing closure system, where the wind, light, thermal and acoustic sealing is increased.

[0160] 12' Double and ample dovetailing guides with square base and circular finish for the simple lateral dovetailing closure system, where the wind, light, thermal and acoustic sealing is increased.

[0161] Support with greater wall thickness in middle segment of the rectangular elements to promote the distribution of load and supporting lateral efforts.

[0162] Right lateral circular perforation that fulfills the function of sending service systems and process of construction in a first camera of the element.

[0163] 14' Central circular perforation that channels the services of duct installation and process of construction in the central wall of the element.

[0164] 14" Left lateral circular perforation that fulfills with the function of sending systems of services and process of construction in a first camera of the element.

[0165] 14, They function in one element, forming a horizontal cavity throughout the assembled

[0166] 14', module, giving the continuity in the cavity of the built module.

[0167] 14"

[0168] Tracking slot for simulation that divides the block and for fitting the additional products.

[0169] Central Dovetailing guide improving the permeability and gives central support to the fitting between pieces.

[0170] 16' Slot that permits the settlement of the dovetailing guide, which promotes load properties and structuration of elements in a continuous manner.

[0171] Negative exterior Rib or slot for the fluid channeling.

[0172] Al al. Insertion element or positive or male dovetailing that works for the insertion of the element in the cavity (female) of the other element.

[0173] Bl Superior face of the element with interaction and exchange of forces between bl and b2.

[0174] Bl' Inferior face of the element with interaction and exchange of forces between bl and b2.

[0175] Cl Internal view of the element that provides the finishes in the face.

[0176] Cl" External view of the element that provides the finishes in the face.

[0177] 1C The central slenderness of the figure guarantees the functionality of creating body to form the aggregate or concrete, sand, gravel, polyurethane foam, mortar or some type of element that permits the lateral permeability in the adjacent cavity in the interior space.

[0178] 2C The perimeter rib of the figure 1C, whose function is to provide structure to the general piece.

[0179] IT The perimeter tab serves as support in interaction with the characteristic al to generate a formwork.

[0180] 2T The body is presenting an unevenness to generate grip in the interaction of blocks to the fitting and maintain the elements structured for the characteristics 14, 14' and 14".

[0181] IP Side support set to 90, permits the grip to confine in vertical linear direction and horizontal linear direction as well as for enclosure veneer in the external or internal view of the blocks of the characteristics cl and cl' and also as the own complements of the same constructive system.

[0182] 2P Profile slots that permit the assembly in regards to the characteristics cl and cl' to guarantee the union without gaps.

[0183] 3P Profile footing base whose function is to receive the block bidirectional and receive elements of the subfamilies of figures Ml, M2 and M3 or more specifically, receive the family of blocks without the characteristic al.

[0184] IL East face (Unique signage in the derivatives of the slab pieces)

[0185] 2L South face (Unique signage in the derivatives of the slab pieces)

[0186] 3L West face (Unique signage in the derivatives of the slab pieces)

[0187] 4L North face (Unique signage in the derivatives of the slab pieces)

[0188] 1-L Ribs that structure the male providing stability to resist the lateral loads and the vertical impact. At the same time allowing to lighten the block guaranteeing a better manipulation for the user.

[0189] 1-L' By increasing the surface of impact it maintains the form of the block without deformations when it is submitted to the installation and increases the surface to have precise measures that receive the steel materials of commercial loads.

[0190] 2-L The presence of the arc for the central structure facilitates the placement of services without channeling or highlighting of any section of the general dovetailing of slab.

[0191] 1-P Ribs that structure each piece in double format of height and length of the subfamilies to maintain stability and improve the capacity of punctual and lateral load.

[0192] 1-U Ribs that give internal support to the block, to provide a resistance to the lateral push similar to the normal element.

[0193] 2-U Ribs that give internal support to the block, generating an envelope to guarantee that the block maintains the stability amongst the elements.

[0194] 1-SS Perimeter tab that works as a positive fit of the characteristic al. This characteristic comprehends modular measures with the block, which permits the integration of different parts in various formats.

[0195] 2-SS Body of the part that generates the floor so that the system of slab be passable, in the inferior part of this characteristic the stabilizers are found in form of ribs giving stability for the superior transit. This characteristic comprehends modular measures with the block, which permits the integration of different parts in various formats.

[0196] 3-SS Slot that fulfills with the function of joining element with element, considering that the characteristic la works in reverse with the slab system and the vertical construction system. This characteristic comprehends modular measures with the block, which permits the integration of different parts in various formats.

[0197] 1-MA Filter that allows moisture to escape and is of easy removal when cleaning the base. This piece comprehends modular measures with the block, which allows different parts integrate in various formats using the same drainage principal, having interaction with the 3-MA. This part by working independently can be used in a bidirectional manner maintaining interaction with 2-MA, 3-MA and 4-MA.

[0198] 2-MA This characteristic works together with the characteristic 3-MA as a perimeter grip in all the characteristic (la) guaranteeing a totally controlled setting. This characteristic comprehends modular measures with the element, which allows to integrate different parts in various formats. It also proposes an inverse view of the block to give more tools to the user.

[0199] 3-MA Body of pot that contains soil and fluids typical of its function. This characteristic comprehends modular measures with the block, which permits the integration of different parts in various formats.

[0200] 4-MA This characteristic works together with the characteristic 3-MA. It works as a perimeter grip in all of the characteristic la guaranteeing a totally controlled setting. It also proposes a view managing the original direction of the block maintained in the cloth in accordance to the characteristic lb' of the block. This characteristic comprehends modular measures with the block, which permits the integration of different parts in various formats.

[0201] 1-TE Characteristic that has the function of being positive and receives the negative marked in the characteristic (3-TE). This characteristic comprehends modular measures with the block, which permits the integration of different parts in various formats in lengths and widths always respecting the functionality of its geometry.

[0202] 2-TE Characteristic that provides structure to the interior of the element. This characteristic comprehends modular measures with the block, which permits the integration of different parts in various formats in lengths and widths always respecting the functionality of its geometry.

[0203] 3-TE Characteristic that has the function of being the negative and receives the positive marked in the characteristic (1-TE). This characteristic comprehends modular measures with the block, which permits the integration of different parts in various formats in lengths and widths always respecting the functionality of its geometry.

[0204] 4-TE Characteristic that comprehend the body of the part and is the unit where the punctual and distributive loads are generated and impact the structure that comprehends the characteristics 1-TE, 2-TE and 3-TE. This characteristic comprehends modular measures with the block, which permits the integration of different parts in various formats in lengths and widths always respecting the functionality of its geometry.

[0205] 1P-L Characteristic that is the internal face that receives the concrete pouring, foaming, steel or another block-aligned roof system.

[0206] 2P-L Protuberances that facilitates the socket, since it generates the function of a male marked in the characteristic al.

[0207] 3P-L This characteristic is the same application of finish, also joins the general body of the part.

[0208] !-l It is the body of a tab that extends an arm to take the cover.

[0209] R-2 Functions as an anchor and fits in the characteristic 5.

[0210] R-3 It is the apparent simulating the existence of a complete part with the same finish.

[0211] Referencing figure 20, you have the quadrangular constructive element for the construction of the slabs, which has 4 square holes in the superior face that goes through the geometry, and also contains 2 lateral circular perforations (14) in all of the faces of the element, as well as the internal faces (14'). In addition, said perforations can be placed only in 3 faces of the element or in two faces, forming an L. The element contains 4 positive dovetailing in the superior face of the element and in the internal face, contains a system of structural ribs (1-L) to hold diverse solid or steel elements such as profiles PTR. The perforations also work to introduce rods for the assembled concrete and ducts for the installation of electric services or give continuity to the structure. This element alsocan be assembled one over the other, forming duplex structures that have more mechanic resistance to the vertical loads.

[0212] Figure 21 described the profiles used as finishes in the construction of slabs and floors. Figure 21A shows the isometric, plant, lateral and front view, consisting of a rectangular modified prism that contain vertical quadrangular prisms joined to the body, forming a profile; said structure can perfectly join the section of male squares of the superior part of the element. Also, figure 21B, shows an edge cover that is used in the termination of the slab in the lateral part, which is based in a rectangular prism with a long face with vertical perforations that allow the correct adjustment with the profile in a perpendicular manner to the ribs of the profile.

[0213] Figure 22 shows diverse quadrangular elements of different sizes with a positive dovetailing system in the inferior part of the element, which allows its correct assembly with elements situated in the slab.

[0214] Figure 23 shows the structural detail of covers for slabs are categorized as accessories, being 23A for stave, which consists in an elongated rectangular element that has a positive dovetailing system in the inferior part (2-SS) and allows its assembly with the elements of the slab. Figure 23B linear baseboard has the conformation in L by the inferior part of the element and with it the assembly of the floor is achieved. The figure 23C, corresponds to an element left baseboard type, which is a modified rectangular prism with the form of L that contains an assembly system type male by the inferior part, also has a vertical wall in the right side and open in the left side. Figure 23D shows a right baseboard, which has the profile shape in L, where the dovetailing system is found under the element (2-SS); also contains a vertical wall in the right side and open in the left side.

[0215] Figure 24 shows a set of structures for ceilings and light tiles with different dimensions, where all possess a positive dovetailing assembly system (1P-L, 2P-L and 3P-L) which allows a precise adjustment to the roof of the slab.

[0216] Figure 25 shows constructive elements for the finishes in roof, where they present a form of rectangular prism with an elongated face and a coupling system type positive dovetailing in the superior face of the element (1P-L, 2P-L and 3P-L). Also it has conformations of lineal baseboard (25B), left baseboard (25C) that has a vertical wall on the right and an opening on the left side; and right baseboard (25D) that corresponds to the opposite configuration of the figure 25C.

[0217] Figure 26 shows the diverse accessories that contemplate the constructive elements of assembly for the different applications of construction of walls and slabs. Figure 26A consists of a rectangular element that has 4 vertical faces (1-SS and 3-SS) united to a horizontal face (2-SS), which has the capacity of assembling in the inferior part of the rectangular constructive elements that form a wall and with it, the seal of the inferior part of the wall is achieved for closing of doors and windows. The upper middle cap (figure 26B), shows the same design than figure 26A, except it corresponds to half in distance of the face 2-SS, having a quadrangular form; this element is used in the inferior seal of walls for closing with middle elements. Figure 26C shows the accessory called replacement cap, which consists in a rectangular element with a fastening system in laterals (Rl) that contain external ribs (R2) that allows to maintain its position in a rectangular element where one of the faces cl or cl" has been removed for reasons of change of electric or hydraulic installation or for esthetic or maintenance reasons. Also, the element contains a vertical rib in the center of the element to provide mechanic resistance and avoid deformations because of time and temperature. Figure 26D shows a footing profile that is used in the beginning of walls that are anchored to the floor through screws. This element consists in a rectangular prism that contains 2 rectangular prisms (IP, 3P) joined by lateral faces of the same, forming a structure type U in front view, and also contains a pair of slots (2 P) that run through the element, which only have use when the profile is used in the edge of door and window frames (enclosure). Figure 26E shows a superior cap that consists in two quadrangular prisms joined by the center with two small rectangular prisms. Thiselement is useful for sealing the wall assembly or can be used in profile for such effect. Figure 26F consists of a top middle cap that is half of the element of figure 26E, it is used for the same purpose. Figure 26G is a rectangular element that contains one face (IT) and on the periphery has a relief (2T), which allows its insertion in the holes of the rectangular elements of construction for walls and generates a seal in the bottom of the element for when it wishes to make an intermediate chain and lock. Figure 26H shows a pouring divider cover, which is a modified quadrangular prism with 12 edges and 12 faces, also the body has a face (1C) that contains two center slots that reach up to 1 / 3 of the height of the element. Also around the element it has a border of higher thickness (2C) that permits a precise adjustment with the casting slots (4). This accessory is used during the footing construction, since it is placed in the rectangular element in a vertical manner, coupling directly in the casting slots (4) and over which a liquid cementitious material is poured up to the mark indicated that when cured becomes a solid. With it, the seal of the wall is achieved and the water of the exterior of the wall is prevented to pass to the interior of the room. It is important that the constructive element that will contain the dividing cover inside, have lateral slots done outwards of the wall so the water occluded within the walls flow towards the exterior of the wall and never returns to the interior of the room.

[0218] Figure 27 shows the diverse conformations of pots in function of one height and double height, as well as the variant of the pot: medium, standard and complete. The elements consist in a modified quadrangular or rectangular prism (3-MA) that contain a slotted bottom (1-MA) and in the superior part larger dimension lips (2-MA) that will serve for a correct fastening in the elements. The element of the pot can be introduced in the rectangular prism for wall or as an arraignment of at least four elements (figure 27C and 27F).

[0219] Figure 28 shows a pouring divider cover, which works to realize a footing during the construction of walls of the element type Large. The element consists in a rectangular prism (1C)that contains a thicker contour (2C). Said element has double the height in body than the element of figure 26H and its way of use is similar to this.

[0220] Figure 29 shows the detail of assembly of a pair or prefabricated walls, where the use of overlapping construction elements is highlighted.

[0221] Figure 30 shows the detail of footing preparation, where rectangular constructive elements of perforated footing for load-bearing walls with simple dovetailing closure and simple dovetailing guides and where the gaps of the elements have been arranged with pouring dividing covers; also, a level of casting filling and rod arrangement have been showed.

[0222] Figure 31 shows the detail of footing construction with foundation, where the rectangular element is placed and the steel structure passes by the central gap.

[0223] Figure 32 shows the detail doe the assembling of a wall using rectangular elements and steel structures of PTR profile.

[0224] Figure 33 shows the detail of a wall that contains rectangular constructive elements type standard, overlap intersection and basic overlap, where quadrangular elements such as pots are placed.

[0225] Figure 34 shows a rectangular element similar to 19B1, but also contains two rectangular perforations in one face cl. On the other hand, a hollow rectangular accessory with lateral anchors is showed whose function is to generate a positive dovetailing when it is inserted in the perforations of the element with rectangular perforation in face cl.

[0226] Figure 35 shows a fraction of the rectangular and quadrangular constructive elements assembled in walls, slabs and finishes, where the diverse elements that conform it are indicated, but is not limited to just these, since a higher number of them can be used.The invention does not restrict to the elements described in a particular manner, but covers all of its modified forms that enter in the reach of the following claims.

Claims

Claims1.- Rectangular and quadrangular constructive elements of assembly for the construction of walls, slabs, covers or finishes.2.- The rectangular and quadrangular constructive elements of assembly in accordance with claim 1, characterized also because said elements have a rectangular and quadrangular prism form with faces (bl, b'l, cl and c'l) and front and back lateral faces. In addition, in the superior face (bl) it has two square gaps that go through the element vertically and in the inferior part (b'l) has two square structures type positive dovetailing (al).3.- The rectangular and quadrangular constructive elements of assembly in accordance with claim 2, characterized also because said constructive elements have at least two wall thicknesses, denoting them as light and load, being the light of 2.5mm of thickness and the load with 5mm of thickness the preferred.4.- The rectangular and quadrangular constructive elements of assembly in accordance with claim 2, characterized also because said elements have lateral dovetailing closures with two types at least: simple and reinforced.5.- The rectangular and quadrangular constructive elements of assembly in accordance with claim 4, characterized also because the simple lateral dovetailing closure has 4 edges and 5 faces, which is to say, a slot and a projection immediately adjacent.6.- The rectangular and quadrangular constructive elements of assembly in accordance with claim 4, characterized also because the reinforced lateral dovetailing closure has 6 edges and 7 faces, which is to say, a projection and two adjacent slots, as well as two projections and a slot placed in an adjacent manner.7.- The rectangular and quadrangular constructive elements of assembly in accordance with claim 4, characterized also because the simple or reinforced lateral dovetailing closure is duplicated in the same face of the constructive element.8.- The rectangular and quadrangular constructive elements of assembly in accordance with claim 4, characterized also because the projection of the dovetailing closure contains a cutting line.9.- The rectangular and quadrangular constructive elements of assembly in accordance with claim 4, characterized also because the dovetailing closures provide resistance to lateral impacts, as well as wind, thermal, acoustic, light and water resistance.10.- The rectangular and quadrangular constructive elements of assembly in accordance with claim 2, characterized also because there may or may not be dovetailing guides.11.- The rectangular and quadrangular constructive elements of assembly in accordance with claim 10, characterized also because the dovetailing guides are simple or double.12.- The rectangular and quadrangular constructive elements of assembly in accordance with claim 2, characterized also because the positive exterior ribs (al) have internal ribs in the walls of the same and work for a correct fastening of solid, steel and aluminum alloys structures.13.- The rectangular and quadrangular constructive elements of assembly in accordance with claim 2, characterized also because said positive exterior ribs (al) have cutting signs, which is removed in the first line of the post footing element to guarantee the exit of water from the interior to the exterior of the element.14.- The rectangular and quadrangular constructive elements of assembly in accordance with claim 2, characterized also because the rectangular prisms have support with more thickness of wall in the medium segment to promote the distribution of load and support of lateral efforts.15.- The rectangular and quadrangular constructive elements of assembly in accordance with claim 2, characterized also because the rectangular elements have a central slot with rounding (8) to improve the wind, acoustic and light seal.16.- The rectangular and quadrangular constructive elements of assembly in accordance with claim 2, characterized also because the constructive elements are divided in 30 subfamilies to cover the diverse applications in the construction of walls.17.- The rectangular and quadrangular constructive elements of assembly in accordance with claim 16, characterizes also because the subfamilies are integrated by at least 6 types ofdenoted elements such as: Standard, Medium, Intersection, Universal Corner, Left Corner and Right Corner.18.- The rectangular and quadrangular constructive elements of assembly in accordance with claim 17, characterizes also because the types are integrated by at least 7 variants, denoted as: Basic, Footing, Overlap, Perforated Basic, Perforated Footing, Perforated Overlap and End of Wall.19.- The rectangular and quadrangular constructive elements of assembly in accordance with claim 16, characterizes also because all the footing elements lack of one or both positive exterior ribs (al), where also, the footing elements are assembled to form a footing and intermediate chain and lock in the construction of walls.20.- The rectangular and quadrangular constructive elements of assembly in accordance with claim 16, characterizes also because all the footing elements have at least one circular perforation in the front and back lateral faces, cl and c'l, as well as in the interior of the element, denoted as (14, 14' and 14") that permits the continuity of connections in the aligned elements or in an L shape.21.- The rectangular and quadrangular constructive elements of assembly in accordance with claim 16, characterizes also because said elements have vertical internal slots (4 and 5) in the square gaps.22.- The rectangular and quadrangular constructive elements of assembly in accordance with claim 21, characterizes also because the slots work to receive the vertical pouring lids.23.- The rectangular and quadrangular constructive elements of assembly in accordance with claim 1, characterizes also because: they have rectangular elements for the construction of slabs, the elements have 4 square gaps in the superior face that go through the geometry, have two lateral circular perforations (14 and 14") in all the faces of the element (IL, 2L, 3L and 4L), has internal circular perforations (14'), has 4 positive dovetailing in the superior face of the element, has structural ribs (1-L) in the internal face of the square gap that work to hold diverse solid or steel materials, the circular perforations have the function of allowing the passing of reinforced concrete or steel materials.24.- The rectangular and quadrangular constructive elements of assembly in accordance with claim 23, characterizes also because the elements have circular perforations in 3 faces.25.- The rectangular and quadrangular constructive elements of assembly in accordance with claim 23, characterizes also because the elements have circular perforations in two adjacent faces, forming an L.26.- The rectangular and quadrangular constructive elements of assembly in accordance with claim 23, characterizes also because the quadrangular constructive elements are filled with solid or steel material such as reinforced concrete, steel materials and aluminum alloys.1 The rectangular and quadrangular constructive elements of assembly in accordance with claim 23, characterizes also because the elements can be assembled forming a surface with at least two layers of elements and must be overlapping between them.28.- The rectangular and quadrangular constructive elements of assembly in accordance with any preceding claim, characterized also because the assembly of the constructive elements for a load-bearing wall of heavy and light load, provide resistance to the passing of water of the exterior of the wall to the interior of the room, being its use, for the construction of exterior walls.29.- The rectangular and quadrangular constructive elements of assembly in accordance with any preceding claim, characterized also because the assembly of the constructive elements are assembled in an inverted manner for the construction of interior walls or furniture.30.- The rectangular and quadrangular constructive elements of assembly in accordance with claim 1, characterizes also because: they have their application in slab finishes, have their rectangular or quadrangular flattened shape, have the positive or negative dovetailing structures that facilitate the assembly with the elements of slab and subfamilies of this invention.31.- The rectangular and quadrangular constructive elements of assembly in accordance with claim 30, characterizes also because the elements have 4 rectangles joined in a vertical manner(1-TE, 2- TE and 3-TE) and have their application as profile.32.- The rectangular and quadrangular constructive elements of assembly in accordance with claim 30, characterizes also because the rectangular elements have perpendicular slots along the body to allow the assembly with the element of slab, being its application as Edge cover.33.- The rectangular and quadrangular constructive elements of assembly in accordance with claim 1, characterizes also because the elements of covers or finishes comprehend: a solid flattening body (2-SS), lateral ribs or perimeter tab (1-SS), internal positive ribs or splicing slots (3-SS).34.- The rectangular and quadrangular constructive elements of assembly in accordance with claim 33, characterizes also because the element of cover has application as tile, which can be easily assembled over the positive dovetailing of the slab element.35.- The rectangular and quadrangular constructive elements of assembly in accordance with claim 34, characterizes also because the tile has variable dimensions of width and length, being preferred, the use of 20x20cm, 40x40cm, 60x60cm and 60x120cm.36.- The rectangular and quadrangular constructive elements of assembly in accordance with claim 33, characterizes also because the elements of covers and finishes have application in staves.37.- The rectangular and quadrangular constructive elements of assembly in accordance with claim 36, characterized also because the staves have 10x220 cm dimensions and has its application in the floor.38.- The rectangular and quadrangular constructive elements of assembly in accordance with claim 33, characterized also because the elements of covers or finishes have an application in baseboard.39.- The rectangular and quadrangular constructive elements of assembly in accordance with claim 38, characterized also because the baseboard is a profile in a shape of an L and is divided in 3 variants: linear, left and right baseboard.40.- The rectangular and quadrangular constructive elements of assembly in accordance with claim 33, characterized also because the elements have applications in ceilings and light tiles.41.- The rectangular and quadrangular constructive elements of assembly in accordance with claim 40, characterized also because the ceilings and light tiles have variable dimensions in width and length, being preferred the use of 20x20cm, 40x40cm, 60x60cm and 60x120cm, the elements of covers and finishes have applications in staves.42.- The rectangular and quadrangular constructive elements of assembly in accordance with claim 33, characterized also because the elements are used in the finishes of roofs and have a superior positive dovetailing structure, where its conformation is profile and baseboard (linear, left and right).43.- The rectangular and quadrangular constructive elements of assembly in accordance with claim 33, characterized also because the elements have variation of forms and are used as: inferior cap, lower middle cap, replacement cap, footing profile, superior cap, superior middle cap, straining lid, basic pouring divider cap, large straining lid, pots.44.- The rectangular and quadrangular constructive elements of assembly in accordance with claim 33, characterized also because the pots are inserted in the elements of intersection incorporated during the construction of the wall.45.- The rectangular and quadrangular constructive elements of assembly in accordance with claim 33, characterized also because the pots have two types of heights: one height and double height.46.- The rectangular and quadrangular constructive elements of assembly in accordance with claim 43, characterized also because the pots have 3 variants: Medium, standard and complete.47 The rectangular and quadrangular constructive elements of assembly in accordance with claim 1, characterized also because the elements are assembled in prefabricated modular walls.48.- The rectangular and quadrangular constructive elements of assembly in accordance with claim 47, characterized also because the prefabricated walls have elements of overlap to ensure a perfect union.49.- The rectangular and quadrangular constructive elements of assembly in accordance with any previous claim, characterized also because the installation of said elements do not require the use of any material of union such as cement, adhesives or others.50.- The rectangular and quadrangular constructive elements of assembly in accordance with any previous claim, characterized also because the construction of square and lead walls in a simple and agile manner.51.- The rectangular and quadrangular constructive elements of assembly in accordance with any previous claim, characterized also because the elements of construction allow the pipe assembly for electric, hydraulic installations, voice and data, home automation installation and mechanical-structural such as are reinforced concrete and dry or steel structures, but is not limited to these materials and applications.52.- The rectangular and quadrangular constructive elements of assembly in accordance with any previous claim, characterized also because the elements are friendly to the environment by taking advantage of the post-industrial wastes and other waste of organic origin; as well as offer reduction of cost and time during the construction of wall, slab and finish structures.53.- The rectangular and quadrangular constructive elements of assembly in accordance with any previous claim, characterized also because the constructive elements are easily integrated to conform wall, slab and finish structures, which are of interest in the area of construction.

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