System control apparatus and system control method for battery charging-discharging system

Abstract

A system control apparatus and a system control method for a battery charging-discharging system are provided. The battery charging-discharging system includes a main power source, charging-discharging equipment, and an auxiliary power source. The system control apparatus comprises: a supervisory circuit for monitoring whether the main power source is abnormal; and a controller for generating a power amount profile of the charging-discharging equipment by applying a mathematical operation to first to m-th power profiles based on operation information of first to m-th chargers / dischargers included in the charging-discharging equipment. m is a natural number greater than or equal to 2. When an abnormality of the main power source occurs, the controller compares a first power amount of the power amount profile to a second power amount of the auxiliary power source, thereby determining whether it is necessary to stop at least one of the first to m-th chargers / dischargers.

Description

System control device and system control method for a battery charging / discharging system

[0001] The present invention relates to a control technology for improving the efficiency of a charging / discharging process performed by a battery charging / discharging system.

[0002] This application claims priority to Korean Patent Application No. 10-2024-0038407, filed March 20, 2024, and Korean Patent Application No. 10-2025-0026942, filed February 28, 2025, the entire contents of which are disclosed in the specification and drawings of the aforementioned applications are incorporated herein by reference.

[0003] Recently, as the demand for portable electronic products such as laptops, video cameras, and mobile phones has rapidly increased, and the development of electric vehicles, energy storage batteries, robots, and satellites has been in full swing, research into high-performance batteries capable of repeated charging and discharging is actively being conducted.

[0004] Currently commercialized batteries include nickel-cadmium batteries, nickel-hydrogen batteries, nickel-zinc batteries, and lithium batteries. Among these, lithium batteries are receiving attention for their advantages of being able to charge and discharge freely, having a very low self-discharge rate, and having a high energy density, as they have almost no memory effect compared to nickel-based batteries.

[0005] Batteries are shipped as finished products after sequentially undergoing assembly and charge / discharge processes. During the assembly process, a stack of positive electrodes, negative electrodes, and separators are housed and sealed in an outer case along with an electrolyte. During the charge / discharge process, the assembled battery undergoes a specific charge / discharge procedure. This process forms a solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) on the surface of the battery's negative electrode, imparting the intended electrical properties.

[0006] Batteries that have completed the assembly process are sequentially transported to the battery charging / discharging system, and the battery charging / discharging system sequentially performs the charging / discharging process on the batteries in a first-in, first-out manner.

[0007] The battery charging and discharging system includes charging and discharging equipment provided to individually charge and discharge multiple battery boxes and a main power supply provided to supply direct current power thereto.

[0008] If a problem occurs on the main power supply side, not only will power not be supplied smoothly from the main power supply to the charging / discharging equipment, but power will also not be smoothly regenerated from the charging / discharging equipment to the main power supply. Consequently, until the main power supply problem is resolved, at least one charger / discharger will not be able to faithfully perform charging or discharging operations, which may degrade battery formation results. In severe cases, the charging / discharging process for all battery boxes may even be halted.

[0009] The present invention has been devised to solve the above problems, and the purpose of the present invention is to provide a device and method for preventing a situation in which the charging and discharging process for all battery boxes is completely stopped by stopping at least one charger / discharger operating in charging mode or discharging mode among a plurality of chargers / dischargers included in a charging / discharging facility or prohibiting the operation of at least one charger / discharger that is inactive when an abnormality occurs in the main power of a battery charging / discharging system.

[0010] Other objects and advantages of the present invention can be understood through the following description and will be more clearly understood through the embodiments of the present invention. Furthermore, it will be readily apparent that the objects and advantages of the present invention can be realized by the means and combinations thereof set forth in the claims.

[0011] According to one aspect of the present invention, a system control device is provided for a battery charging / discharging system including a main power source, a charging / discharging facility, and an auxiliary power source. The system control device includes a monitoring circuit for monitoring whether the main power source is abnormal; and a controller for generating a power profile of the charging / discharging facility by applying a mathematical operation to first to m-th power profiles based on operation information of first to m-th chargers / dischargers included in the charging / discharging facility. m is a natural number greater than or equal to 2. The controller is configured to determine whether it is necessary to stop at least one of the first to m-th chargers / dischargers by comparing a first power amount of the power amount profile with a second power amount of the auxiliary power source when an abnormality occurs in the main power source.

[0012] The controller may be configured to determine the first to mth power profiles by applying individual operation start points of the first to mth chargers to a reference power profile.

[0013] The controller may be configured to determine the total power profile of the charging / discharging equipment by applying a first matrix operation to the first to mth power profiles. The controller may be configured to generate the power amount profile by applying a second matrix operation to the total power profile.

[0014] The controller may be configured to determine the first power amount to be equal to the expected power consumption of the charging / discharging equipment when the charging / discharging equipment is in a charging-dominant state at the time of an abnormality in the main power supply, and to determine the second power amount to be equal to the outputtable power amount of the auxiliary power supply.

[0015] The controller determines, from the power profile, a reference power amount corresponding to the point in time when the abnormality occurs and a maximum power amount corresponding to a point in time after the point in time when the abnormality occurs,

[0016] It can be configured to determine the power consumption amount to be the same as the difference between the reference power amount and the maximum power amount.

[0017] The controller may be configured to determine that at least one of the first to mth chargers and dischargers needs to be stopped when the charging and discharging equipment is in a charging dominant state at the time of occurrence of an abnormality in the main power supply and the first power amount is greater than the second power amount.

[0018] The controller may be configured to select at least one residual power value, in which a sum of a plurality of residual power values ​​associated with a plurality of chargers and dischargers having a remaining charging period among the first to m-th chargers and dischargers is greater than or equal to a shortage power value in descending order, and determine that it is necessary to stop the charger and discharger associated with each of the selected residual power values. The residual power value may represent an amount of power to be consumed during a remaining time until the total power of the charging and discharging equipment reaches a maximum value. The shortage power value may represent a difference between the first power amount and the second power amount.

[0019] The controller may be configured to determine the first power amount to be equal to the expected power amount to be recovered by the charging / discharging equipment when the charging / discharging equipment is in a discharge-dominant state at the time of occurrence of an abnormality in the main power source, and to determine the second power amount to be equal to the input power amount of the auxiliary power source.

[0020] The controller may be configured to determine, from the power profile, a reference power amount corresponding to the time of occurrence of the abnormality and a minimum power amount corresponding to a time to come after the time of occurrence of the abnormality, and to determine the expected power amount to be recovered as being equal to the difference between the reference power amount and the minimum power amount.

[0021] The controller may be configured to determine that at least one of the first to mth chargers and dischargers needs to be stopped when the charging and discharging equipment is in a discharge-dominant state at the time of occurrence of an abnormality in the main power supply and the first power amount is greater than the second power amount.

[0022] The controller may be configured to select at least one residual power value, in which a sum of a plurality of residual power values ​​associated with a plurality of chargers and dischargers having residual discharge periods among the first to m chargers and dischargers is greater than or equal to a surplus power value in descending order, and determine that the charger and discharger associated with each of the selected residual power values ​​needs to be stopped. The residual power value may represent an amount of power to be regenerated during a remaining time until the total power of the charging and discharging equipment reaches a minimum value. The surplus power value may represent a difference between the first power amount and the second power amount.

[0023] A battery charging / discharging system according to another aspect of the present invention includes the system control device.

[0024] According to another aspect of the present invention, a system control method is provided for a battery charging / discharging system including a main power source, a charging / discharging facility, and an auxiliary power source. The system control method includes the steps of: generating a power profile of the charging / discharging facility by applying a mathematical operation to first to m-th power profiles based on operation information of first to m-th chargers / dischargers included in the charging / discharging facility, wherein m is a natural number greater than or equal to 2; monitoring whether the main power source is abnormal; and, when an abnormality in the main power source occurs, comparing a first power amount of the power amount profile with a second power amount of the auxiliary power source to determine whether at least one of the first to m-th chargers / dischargers needs to be stopped.

[0025] The above system control method may further include a step of determining the expected power consumption of the charging / discharging equipment as the first power amount and determining the outputtable power amount of the auxiliary power source as the second power amount when the charging / discharging equipment is in a charging dominant state at the time of occurrence of an abnormality in the main power source.

[0026] The above system control method may further include a step of determining the expected power amount to be recovered by the charging / discharging equipment as the first power amount and determining the input power amount of the auxiliary power source as the second power amount when the charging / discharging equipment is in a discharge-dominant state at the time of occurrence of an abnormality in the main power source.

[0027] According to at least one of the embodiments of the present invention, when a problem occurs in the main power of a battery charging / discharging system, by stopping at least one charger / discharger operating in a charging mode or a discharging mode among a plurality of chargers / dischargers included in a charging / discharging facility or by inhibiting the operation of at least one charger / discharger that is in a rest state, it is possible to faithfully perform the charging / discharging process only for the remaining chargers / dischargers whose operation is not inhibited, and to prevent a situation in which the charging / discharging process for all battery boxes is completely stopped.

[0028] Furthermore, according to at least one of the embodiments of the present invention, by determining which of the plurality of chargers and dischargers to adjust the power profile of depending on which of the charging and discharging is more dominant at the time of occurrence of an abnormality in the main power supply, the charging and discharging process for at least some of the plurality of battery boxes can be continued as long as possible.

[0029] The effects of the present invention are not limited to the effects mentioned above, and other effects not mentioned will be clearly understood by those skilled in the art from the description of the claims.

[0030] The following drawings attached to this specification illustrate preferred embodiments of the present invention, and together with the detailed description of the invention described below, serve to further understand the technical idea of ​​the present invention, and therefore, the present invention should not be interpreted as being limited to matters described in such drawings.

[0031] FIG. 1 is a drawing schematically showing the overall configuration of a battery charging / discharging system according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0032] Figure 2 is a drawing schematically showing the coupling relationship between the components of the battery charging / discharging system illustrated in Figure 1.

[0033] Figure 3 is a graph referenced to explain an exemplary power profile of a charger.

[0034] Figure 4 is a graph that is used as a reference to exemplarily explain the change in total power of a charging / discharging facility over time.

[0035] Figure 5 is a graph that is used as a reference to exemplarily explain the change in total power of a charging / discharging facility over time.

[0036] Figure 6 is a flowchart schematically illustrating a system control method according to another embodiment of the present invention.

[0037] FIG. 7 is a flowchart schematically illustrating an example of subroutines that may be included in step S650 of FIG. 6.

[0038] Figure 8 is a graph referenced in explaining the method of Figure 7.

[0039] FIG. 9 is a flowchart schematically illustrating another example of subroutines that may be included in step S650 of FIG. 6.

[0040] Figure 10 is a graph referenced in explaining the method of Figure 9.

[0041] FIG. 11 is a flowchart schematically illustrating an example of subroutines that may be included in step S660 of FIG. 6.

[0042] Figures 12 and 13 are graphs referenced in explaining the method of Figure 11.

[0043] FIG. 14 is a flowchart schematically illustrating another example of subroutines that may be included in step S660 of FIG. 6.

[0044] Figures 15 and 16 are graphs referenced to explain the method of Figure 14.

[0045] Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the attached drawings. Prior to this, it should be noted that the terms and words used in this specification and claims should not be construed as limited to their conventional or dictionary meanings. Based on the principle that the inventor can appropriately define the concepts of terms to best explain his or her invention, they should be interpreted in a way that aligns with the technical spirit of the present invention.

[0046] Accordingly, the embodiments described in this specification and the configurations illustrated in the drawings are merely the most preferred embodiments of the present invention and do not represent all of the technical ideas of the present invention. Therefore, it should be understood that there may be various equivalents and modified examples that can replace them at the time of filing this application.

[0047] Terms that include ordinal numbers, such as first, second, etc., are used to distinguish one of the various components from the rest, and are not used to limit the components by such terms.

[0048] Throughout the specification, when a part is said to "include" a component, this does not exclude other components, unless otherwise stated, but rather implies that other components may be included. Furthermore, terms such as "unit" used throughout the specification mean a unit that processes at least one function or operation, and may be implemented using hardware, software, or a combination of hardware and software.

[0049] Additionally, throughout the specification, when we say that a part is "connected" to another part, this includes not only cases where it is "directly connected" but also cases where it is "indirectly connected" with other elements in between.

[0050] FIG. 1 is a drawing schematically showing the overall configuration of a battery charging / discharging system (10) according to one embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a drawing schematically showing the coupling relationship between the components of the battery charging / discharging system (10) illustrated in FIG. 1.

[0051] Referring to FIGS. 1 and 2, the battery charging / discharging system (10) includes a main power source (100), a charging / discharging facility (200), an auxiliary power source (300), a DC grid (20), and a system control device (400).

[0052] The main power source (100), charging / discharging equipment (200), and auxiliary power source (300) can be electrically coupled through a DC grid (20) to enable bidirectional power supply between each other.

[0053] The main power supply (100) is installed on a power line connecting an AC power grid (1) and a DC grid (20). The main power supply (100) converts AC power supplied from the AC power grid (1) into DC power and supplies it to the DC grid (20). The main power supply (100) may also be referred to as a 'power conversion facility'.

[0054] The voltage of the direct current power supplied from the main power source (100) to the DC grid (20) can be maintained at a reference voltage (e.g., may be preset to 370 V, etc.) by feedback control.

[0055] The main power supply (100) includes an AC-DC converter. The system control device (400) can perform on / off control on the AC-DC converter or adjust the size of the direct current power supplied from the AC-DC converter to the DC grid (20) depending on the status of the AC power grid (1).

[0056] The charging and discharging equipment (200) is a first to mth charging and discharging device (CD1 to CD m ) includes. m is a natural number greater than or equal to 2. The charger / discharger (CD) may include at least one bidirectional DC-DC converter. When x is a natural number less than or equal to m, the x-th charger / discharger (CD x ) can relay bidirectional power transmission between the battery box (BX) transferred thereto and the DC grid (20).

[0057] The charging and discharging equipment (200) can simultaneously perform individual charging and discharging processes for up to m battery boxes (BX). That is, the battery boxes (BX) are sequentially transferred to the battery charging and discharging system (10) after going through the assembly process, and the charging and discharging equipment (200) sequentially performs the charging and discharging processes for the battery boxes (BX) in a first-in, first-out manner. For example, the charging and discharging of one of the two battery boxes (BX) transferred first may be performed by the first charger and discharger (CD1), and the charging and discharging of the other battery box (BX) transferred later may be performed by the second charger and discharger (CD2).

[0058] In addition, the first to mth charge and discharge units (CD1 to CD m ) can operate in charge mode, discharge mode and idle mode independently of each other. For example, at the same timing, the first to mth chargers and dischargers (CD1 to CDm ) can operate in charge mode, another in discharge mode, and another in idle mode.

[0059] The auxiliary power source (300) is not particularly limited in type as long as it has the function of storing and supplying electric energy, such as a battery bank or an ESS (Energy Storage System).

[0060] The system control device (400) includes a monitoring circuit (410) and a controller (420).

[0061] The monitoring circuit (410) can individually monitor the status of the main power supply (100) and the status of the auxiliary power supply (300).

[0062] The monitoring circuit (410) may include at least one of a first sensor module (411) for measuring AC power input / output through a first power channel of the main power source (100), and a second sensor module (412) for measuring at least one of DC power input / output through a second power channel of the main power source (100). Measurement data of each of the first sensor module (411) and the second sensor module (412) may indicate the status of the main power source (100). The monitoring circuit (410) may include a third sensor module (413) for measuring voltage and current of the auxiliary power source (300). Measurement data of the third sensor module (413) may indicate the status of the auxiliary power source (300).

[0063] The controller (420) can detect an abnormality in the main power supply (100) based on measurement data collected from the first sensor module (411) and / or the second sensor module (412) of the monitoring circuit (410). Types of abnormalities in the main power supply (100) include, for example, (i) inoperability due to a failure of the main power supply (100) itself, (ii) a power outage in the AC power grid (1), (iii) a disconnection of the first power channel between the AC power grid (1) and the main power supply (100), and (iv) a disconnection of the second power channel between the main power supply (100) and the DC grid (20). When an abnormality in the main power supply (100) occurs, not only the output operation of charging power from the main power supply (100) to the charging / discharging equipment (200), but also the input operation of regenerative power from the charging / discharging equipment (200) to the main power supply (100) may become impossible.

[0064] The controller (420) can determine at least one of the output power amount and input power amount of the auxiliary power source (300) based on measurement data collected from the third sensor module (413) of the monitoring circuit (410).

[0065] The outputtable power corresponds to the electric capacity stored in the auxiliary power source (300) and may represent reserve electric energy that can be utilized to continue the charging operation of the charging / discharging equipment (200). For example, in the event of an abnormality in the main power source (100), the charging power from the auxiliary power source (300) is limited to the outputtable power amount, and the first to mth charging / discharging equipment (CD1 to CD m ) can be supplied to at least one charger / discharger operating in charging mode.

[0066] The input power amount corresponds to the electric capacity that can be additionally stored in the auxiliary power source (300), and may represent the electric energy that can be utilized to continue the discharge operation of the charging and discharging equipment (200) even when an abnormality occurs in the main power source (100). For example, when an abnormality occurs in the main power source (100), the input power amount is limited to the first to mth charging and discharging equipment (CD1 to CD m ) can be stored in the auxiliary power supply (300) from at least one charger / discharger operating in the discharge mode. The maximum storable power of the auxiliary power supply (300) can be equal to the sum of the outputtable power and the inputtable power.

[0067] The controller (420) controls the first to mth chargers and dischargers (CD1 to CD) according to the status of the main power (100) and the status of the auxiliary power (300) monitored by the monitoring circuit (410). m ) is configured to execute control functions related to the same.

[0068] The controller (420) may be configured to include, in hardware terms, at least one of application specific integrated circuits (ASICs), digital signal processors (DSPs), digital signal processing devices (DSPDs), programmable logic devices (PLDs), field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), microprocessors, and other electrical units for performing functions.

[0069] The controller (420) may have a memory built into it. The memory may include at least one type of storage medium among a flash memory type, a hard disk type, an SSD (Solid State Disk type), an SDD (Silicon Disk Drive type), a multimedia card micro type, a random access memory (RAM), a static random access memory (SRAM), a read-only memory (ROM), an electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), and a programmable read-only memory (PROM). The memory may store data and a program required for an operation by the controller (420). The memory may store data indicating a result of an operation by the controller (420).

[0070] The controller (420) can execute a control function to protect the battery charging / discharging system (10) when an abnormality or abnormal sign of the main power supply (100) is identified based on data collected from the monitoring circuit (410).

[0071] For example, in a charging superiority state where the total charging power supplied from the DC grid (20) to the charging / discharging facility (200) is greater than the regenerative power (which may be referred to as 'total discharging power') supplied from the charging / discharging facility (200) to the DC grid (20), the controller (420) can suppress excessive voltage drop of the DC grid (20) by controlling the main power supply (100) to increase the DC power output to the DC grid (20).

[0072] As another example, in a discharge-dominant state where the regenerative power supplied from the charging / discharging equipment (200) to the DC grid (20) is greater than the total charging power supplied from the DC grid (20) to the charging group, the controller (420) can suppress an excessive voltage increase of the DC grid (20) by controlling the main power supply (100) to reduce the DC power output to the DC grid (20).

[0073] The controller (420) detects an abnormality in the main power supply (100) from the data collected from the monitoring circuit (410), and then detects the first to mth chargers and dischargers (CD1 to CD m ) while following a control sequence according to the first to mth power profiles individually associated with the main power source (100) and the first to mth chargers and dischargers (CD1 to CD m ) can be controlled.

[0074] The x power profile is the x charger / discharger (CD x ) may be a data set defining the power input / output sequence of the charge / discharge process for the battery box (BX) transferred to the battery box (BX). More specifically, the x power profile may be a data set defining the power input / output sequence of the charge / discharge process for the x charger / discharger (CD x ) may specify a power profile that represents the change in power over time from the time at which the charging and discharging process is initiated.

[0075] A predetermined reference power profile may be recorded in the memory. The reference power profile may be a data set defining the change in the input / output power of the charger / discharger over time from the start of the charging / discharging process. The controller (420) may control the first to mth charger / discharger (CD1 to CD m ) among the x chargers (CD) x ) starts operating, the x charger / discharger (CD) x) can be applied to the reference power profile to determine the x-th power profile. Therefore, the shape of the x-th power profile can be the same as the reference power profile.

[0076] Figure 3 is a graph referenced to explain an exemplary power profile of a charger.

[0077] In the graph of Fig. 3, the horizontal axis (X-axis) represents time, and the vertical axis (Y-axis) represents power. For convenience of explanation, a positive sign is given to charging power, and a negative sign is given to regenerative power.

[0078] Referring to FIG. 3, the power profile (P1) corresponds to the first power profile associated with the first charger (CD1), and the power profile (P m ) is a CD charger m ) corresponds to the m power profile associated with it.

[0079] t A [1] indicates the point in time when the first charger / discharger (CD1) starts the charging / discharging process for the battery box (BX) transferred to it, and t A [m] is the m charger / discharger (CD) m ) indicates the point in time when the charging and discharging process for the battery box (BX) transferred to it is initiated. Since each charger and discharger executes a common charging and discharging process, the power profile (P1) is t A [1] and t A If you shift to the right by the time difference of [m], the power profile (P m ) can completely overlap with t A Since the power of the power profile (P1) in [1] is a positive sign, it can be seen that the first charger / discharger (CD1) operates in charging mode at the start of the charging / discharging process.

[0080] t B [1] indicates the point in time when the first charger / discharger (CD1) switches from charge mode to discharge mode, and t B [m] is the m charger / discharger (CD)m ) indicates the point in time when the battery switches from charge mode to discharge mode. Therefore, the first charger / discharger (CD1) is t B [1] The regenerative power is supplied to the DC grid (20), and the CD m ) is t B From [m], the regenerative power can be supplied to the DC grid (20).

[0081] t C [1] indicates the point in time when the first charger / discharger (CD1) completes the charging / discharging process, and t C [m] is the m charger / discharger (CD) m ) indicates the point at which the charging and discharging process is completed. From the first charging and discharging unit (CD1) to the m charging and discharging unit (CD m ) in the order of 1st to mth chargers and dischargers (CD1 to CD m ) starts the charging and discharging process sequentially, the operation start time (t) of the first charger / discharger (CD1) A [1]) from the CD m ) completion time (t) C [m]) can be referred to as the entire operating period of the charging / discharging equipment (200).

[0082] t A From [m] to t C During the period up to [1], the first charger / discharger (CD1) and the m charger / discharger (CD m ) can both operate in idle mode. Also, t B [1] from t A During the period up to [m], the first charger / discharger (CD1) operates in discharge mode, while the m charger / discharger (CD m ) can operate in idle mode. Also, t C [1] from t C During the period up to [m], the first charger / discharger (CD1) operates in idle mode, while the m charger / discharger (CD m) can operate in the order of rest mode, charge mode and discharge mode. This is the first to mth charger / discharger (CD1 to CD m ) is also consistent with the aforementioned explanation that the charge and discharge processes are performed independently of each other.

[0083] Fig. 4 is a graph that is used as an example to explain the change over time in the total power of the charging / discharging equipment (200), and Fig. 5 is a graph that is used as an example to explain the change over time in the total power of the charging / discharging equipment (200).

[0084] In the graph of Figure 4, the horizontal axis (X-axis) represents time and the vertical axis (Y-axis) represents power. The total power profile (P total ) represents the temporal change in the total power of the charging / discharging equipment (200). The controller (420) provides the first to mth power profiles (P1 to P m ) by applying the first matrix operation (see Equation 3-1, etc.) to the total power profile (P total ) can be created.

[0085] At a specific time, the total power of the charging and discharging equipment (200) is 1 to m charging and discharging units (CD1 to CD m ) can respond to the difference between the total charging power and the total regenerative power. The total charging power is the difference between the first to mth charging and discharging units (CD1 to CD m ) may be the sum of the charging power supplied to the charger(s) operating in charging mode. The total regenerative power may be the sum of the charging power supplied to the first to mth charger(s) operating in charging mode (CD1 to CD m ) may be the sum of the regenerative power supplied from the charger(s) operating in discharge mode.

[0086] For reference, the first charger (CD1) is connected to the m charger (CD m ) when individual charge / discharge processes are executed for m battery boxes (BX) in the order of t C [m] may be the completion time of the operation of the charging / discharging equipment (200).

[0087] As a simple example, the first to mth charge / discharge units (CD1 to CD m ) starts the charge and discharge process one by one in sequence every predetermined unit time (H), the total time required for each charge and discharge process is U (where U is a natural number greater than or equal to 2) times the unit time (H), and the charge power and discharge power are constant power. In the present invention, constant power may mean power whose change amount during the unit time (H) is less than a predetermined threshold.

[0088] Then, the first to mth chargers (CD1 to CD m ) before at least one of the charging and discharging processes starts, when the start time of the charging and discharging process of the charger (CD1) is determined, the controller (420) determines the first to mth power profiles (P1 to P m ) can be generated. In addition, the x power profile can be expressed as a simplified (equivalent) matrix as in Equation 1 below.

[0089] <Formula 1>

[0090]

[0091] In Equation 1, P x is the power profile of the x, p x (t) is the x-th charge / discharge current (CD) at time t x ) represents the power.

[0092] Referring to Fig. 4, the total power of the charging / discharging equipment (200) at any timing is the first to mth charging / discharging equipment (CD1 to CD) at the same timing. m ) can represent the power sum of the first to mth chargers and dischargers (CD1 to CD m ) The total power of each power and charging / discharging equipment (200) may have a relationship according to the following equation 2.

[0093] <Formula 2>

[0094]

[0095] In Equation 2, px (t) is the same as in Equation 1, and p total (t) may be the total power of the charging / discharging facility (200) at time t.

[0096] Also, t A [1] from t C Total power profile (P) of the charging / discharging equipment (200) showing the change in total power during the entire operation period up to [m] total ) can be expressed as in Equation 3-1 or Equation 3-2 below.

[0097] <Formula 3-1>

[0098]

[0099] <Formula 3-2>

[0100]

[0101] In Equation 3-2, p total (t) is the same as in Equation 2.

[0102] Referring to FIG. 4 along with FIG. 3, t A [1] In the first charger / discharger (CD1), only the charging / discharging process is initiated, and then the battery boxes (BX) are sequentially transferred to the charging / discharging equipment (200), and the second to m charger / dischargers (CD2 to CD1) are sequentially transferred to the charging / discharging equipment (200). m ) also initiates the charge and discharge process sequentially. Accordingly, t A [1] Until a certain amount of time has passed, the total power of the charging / discharging equipment (200) gradually increases.

[0103] t U is the time when the total power of the charging / discharging equipment (200) reaches its maximum. The total power of the charging / discharging equipment (200) reaches its maximum at time t U It gradually descends from time t T reaches 0[W] at time t TIn , the total charging power and the total discharging power become the same. The state in which the total power of the charging / discharging equipment (200) has a positive sign can be called a 'charge dominant state', and the charge dominant state is maintained at t A [1] from t T The period until then can be called the 'charging dominance period'.

[0104] Meanwhile, visual t B [1] From the time t, even though the power of the first charger (CD1) is negative, B [1] from t U The reason why the total power can increase up to this point is because at least one other charger / discharger is operating in charging mode during the same period.

[0105] t L is the time when the total power of the charging / discharging equipment (200) becomes minimum. The total power of the charging / discharging equipment (200) is at time t L From time t C [m] gradually increases. The state in which the total power of the charging / discharging equipment (200) has a negative sign can be called a 'discharge dominant state (or regenerative dominant state)', and the state in which the discharge dominant state is maintained is t T From t C The period up to [m] can be called the ‘discharge dominant period’.

[0106] In the graph of Figure 5, the horizontal axis (X-axis) represents time and the vertical axis (Y-axis) represents power. Power profile (E total ) represents the temporal change in the total power of the charging / discharging equipment (200) during the entire operation period. The controller (420) provides the total power profile (P total ) by applying the second matrix operation (see Equation 4-1, etc.) to the power profile (E total ) can be determined.

[0107] Total power profile (P) of the charging / discharging equipment (200) total) can be expressed as Equation 3-1 or Equation 3-2, the power profile (E total ) can be expressed as in Equation 4-1 or Equation 4-2 below.

[0108] <Formula 4-1>

[0109]

[0110] In Equation 4-1, H and P total The matrix between can be a triangular matrix.

[0111] <Formula 4-2>

[0112]

[0113] In Equation 4-2, p total (t) is the same as in Equation 2.

[0114] Also, t A [1] from t A [1] The power amount of the charging / discharging equipment (200) up to the time t thereafter can be expressed as in Equation 5 below.

[0115] <Formula 5>

[0116]

[0117] Referring to FIG. 5 together with FIG. 4, t A [1] from t T Total power profile (P) during the period total ) has a positive sign, so the total power of the charging / discharging equipment (200) is t A [1] from t T It continues to rise until.

[0118] visual t T As the boundary, the total power of the charging / discharging equipment (200) changes from a positive sign to a negative sign, so the power profile (E total ) total power at time t T It reaches its maximum in .

[0119] t T From t CDuring the period up to [m], the total power profile (P total ) has a negative sign, so the total power of the charging / discharging equipment (200) is at time t T From the time t, it continues to descend. C It becomes minimum when [m] is reached.

[0120] Figure 6 is a flowchart schematically illustrating a system control method according to another embodiment of the present invention. The method according to Figure 6 can be repeatedly executed periodically or aperiodically by the system control device (400) while the charging / discharging process is in progress by the battery charging / discharging system (10).

[0121] Referring to FIGS. 1 to 6, in step S610, the controller (420) controls the first to mth charging and discharging units (CD1 to CD m ) Based on each operation information, the first to mth power profiles (P1 to P m ) is generated. The operation information of a charger / discharger may indicate the start time of the charger / discharger's operation and further indicate whether the charger / discharger is in operation or stopped.

[0122] In step S620, the controller (420) determines the first to mth power profiles (P1 to P m ) by applying mathematical operations to the power profile (E) of the charging / discharging equipment (200). total ) is generated. The mathematical operation produces a total power profile (P total ) to determine the first to mth power profiles (P1 to P m ) and the first matrix operation and power profile (E total ) to determine the total power profile (P total ) may include a second matrix operation applied to the matrix.

[0123] In step S630, the controller (420) monitors whether the main power supply (100) is abnormal based on data collected from the monitoring circuit (410). Additionally, the controller (420) can monitor the status (e.g., power information) of the auxiliary power supply (300).

[0124] In step S640, the controller (420) determines whether an abnormality has occurred in the main power supply (100). If the value of step S640 is "Yes," the method of FIG. 6 may proceed to step S650. If the value of step S640 is "No," the method of FIG. 6 may be terminated.

[0125] At step S650, the controller (420) determines the power profile (E total ) and the second power amount of the auxiliary power source (300) are compared to determine the first to mth charging and discharging units (CD1 to CD m ) determines whether at least one charger needs to be stopped. If the value of step S650 is “Yes”, the method of FIG. 6 may proceed to step S660. If the value of step S650 is “No”, the method of FIG. 6 may be terminated.

[0126] In step S660, the controller (420) controls the first to mth charging and discharging units (CD1 to CD m ) to stop the operation of each selected charger / discharger.

[0127] FIG. 7 is a flowchart schematically illustrating an example of subroutines that may be included in step S650 of FIG. 6, and FIG. 8 is a graph referenced in explaining the method of FIG. 7.

[0128] Referring to FIG. 7, in step S710, the controller (420) determines whether the charging / discharging equipment (200) is operating in a charging-dominant state. A value of "yes" in step S710 means that an abnormality in the main power supply (100) occurred while the charging / discharging equipment (200) was performing a charging / discharging process in a charging-dominant state.

[0129] Power profile of Fig. 8 (E total ) is the power profile (E) of Fig. 5 total ) is the same as t FC If the time indicates the time when the main power supply (100) abnormality occurred, time t FC is the time to come in the future t T Since it is preceded by , the value of step S710 may be output as “Yes”. If the value of step S710 is “Yes”, the process may proceed to step S720.

[0130] In step S720, the controller (420) determines a first power amount equal to the expected power consumption of the charging / discharging equipment (200), and determines a second power amount equal to the outputtable power amount of the auxiliary power source (300).

[0131] In step S730, the controller (420) determines whether the first power amount is greater than the second power amount.

[0132] Referring to Figure 8, the expected power consumption (ΔE C ) is, if there was no abnormality in the main power (100) t FC From t T The amount of power to be supplied from the main power source (100) to the charging / discharging facility (200) can be indicated. The controller (420) can display the current value (time t) of the total power of the charging / discharging facility (200). FC Total power at , 'reference power') and maximum value (at time t T Depending on the difference between the total power consumption (ΔE) and the expected power consumption (ΔE) C ) can be determined.

[0133] The expected power consumption can be determined through the following equation 6 based on the above equation 5.

[0134] <Formula 6>

[0135]

[0136] The amount of power consumed is greater than the expected power consumption. FC It must be secured to the auxiliary power supply (300) at the time t T The auxiliary power source (300) can sufficiently supply charging power to the charging / discharging equipment (200) in place of the main power source (100).

[0137] If the output power is less than the power consumption, time t T Before this arrival, the energy stored in the auxiliary power supply (300) will be depleted, which will cause the operation in the charging mode of a plurality of chargers and dischargers to be unexpectedly interrupted. Therefore, the value of step S720 being "Yes" means that the first to mth power profiles (P1 to P) are used so that the power consumption amount is less than the output power amount. m ) may mean that at least one modification is required. If the value of step S730 is “Yes”, the process may proceed to step S660 of FIG. 6. If the value of step S730 is “No”, the method according to FIG. 6 may be terminated.

[0138] FIG. 9 is a flowchart schematically illustrating another example of subroutines that may be included in step S650 of FIG. 6, and FIG. 10 is a graph referenced in explaining the method of FIG. 9.

[0139] Referring to FIG. 9, in step S910, the controller (420) determines whether the charging / discharging equipment (200) is operating in a discharge-dominant state. A value of "yes" in step S910 means that an abnormality in the main power supply (100) occurred while the charging / discharging equipment (200) was performing a charging / discharging process in a discharge-dominant state.

[0140] Power profile of Fig. 10 (E total ) is the power profile (E) of Fig. 5 total ) is assumed to be the same as t in Fig. 8. FC t different from FD If the time indicates the time when the main power supply (100) abnormality occurred, time t FD is time t T Since the value of step S910 may be output as “Yes”, if the value of step S910 is “Yes”, the process may proceed to step S920.

[0141] In step S920, the controller (420) determines a first power amount equal to the expected power amount to be recovered from the charging / discharging equipment (200), and determines a second power amount equal to the input power amount of the auxiliary power source (300).

[0142] In step S930, the controller (420) determines whether the first power amount is greater than the second power amount. The first power amount and the second power amount in the method according to FIG. 9 may be different from the first power amount and the second power amount in the method according to FIG. 7.

[0143] Referring to Figure 10, the amount of power expected to be recovered (ΔE D ) is, t FD From t C [m] can represent the amount of power to be recovered by the charging / discharging equipment (200). That is, the amount of power expected to be recovered (ΔE D ) is the power profile (E total ) according to t FD Total power in ('reference power') and t C It may be the difference between the total power at [m].

[0144] The amount of power expected to be recovered can be expressed as in Equation 7 below based on Equation 5 above.

[0145] <Formula 7>

[0146]

[0147] visual t FD The input power of the auxiliary power source (300) must be greater than the power expected to be recovered, so that the regenerative power supplied from the charging / discharging equipment (200) can be supplied at the time t FD From t C [m] can be stored in the auxiliary power supply (300).

[0148] If the input power is less than the expected power to be recovered, time t C [m] Before the auxiliary power (300) arrives, the operation in the discharge mode of a plurality of chargers and dischargers will be unexpectedly interrupted because the auxiliary power (300) is fully charged. Therefore, the value of step S930 is "Yes", so that the amount of power to be recovered is smaller than the amount of power that can be input, and the first to mth power profiles (P1 to P m ) may mean that at least one modification is required. If the value of step S930 is “Yes”, the process may proceed to step S660 of FIG. 6. If the value of step S930 is “No”, the method according to FIG. 6 may be terminated.

[0149] Fig. 11 is a flowchart schematically illustrating an example of subroutines that may be included in step S660 of Fig. 6, and Figs. 12 and 13 are graphs referenced in explaining the method of Fig. 11. The subroutines according to Fig. 11 may be executed under the condition that the subroutines according to Fig. 7 are executed.

[0150] Referring to FIG. 11, in step S1110, the controller (420) determines a plurality of residual power values ​​individually associated with a plurality of chargers and dischargers having a remaining charging period based on the time of occurrence of an abnormality. Here, the fact that a charger and discharger have a remaining charging period may indicate that the charger and discharger are already in a charging mode or are scheduled to operate in a charging mode. In other words, if a portion corresponding to a charging mode in a power profile of a charger and discharger is not yet completed, the charger and discharger may be said to have a remaining charging period. For example, referring to FIG. 3, at time t A [1] In the first to mth charge / discharge cycles (CD1 to CD m ) all have a remaining charging period.

[0151] Let i be a natural number greater than or equal to 1, j be a natural number greater than i and less than or equal to m, and y be a natural number greater than or equal to i and less than or equal to j. Then, the y-th remaining power value is the y-th charging / discharging device (CD) during the remaining time until the total power of the charging / discharging device (200) reaches the maximum value. y ) can represent the amount of power to be consumed. The controller (420) can represent the time interval (t) for the y power profile. FC ~t T ) can be applied to determine the y-th residual power value. The y-th residual power value can be expressed as in Equation 8 below.

[0152] <Formula 8>

[0153]

[0154] In Equation 8, P y (t) is the y-th charge / discharge current (CD) at time t y ) is the power of EA y can be the y residual power value.

[0155] In step S1120, the controller (420) selects at least one residual power value whose sum of multiple residual power values ​​in descending order is greater than or equal to the insufficient power value. The insufficient power value may represent the difference between the first power amount and the second power amount determined in step S720.

[0156] For example, at the time of occurrence of an abnormality, the i to jth charge / discharge circuit (CD) i ~CD j ) has a residual charging period, and is smaller in order from the i-th residual power value to the j-th residual power value. If (i) the sum of the a-th to j-th residual power values ​​among the i-th to j-th residual power values ​​is greater than the shortage power value, and (ii) the sum of the (a+1)-th to j-th residual power values ​​is less than the shortage power value, the a-th to j-th residual power values ​​may be selected in step S1120. a may be a natural number greater than or equal to i and less than j.

[0157] In step S1130, the controller (420) stops the charger / discharger associated with each remaining power value selected in step S1120. In addition, the controller (420) can update the operation information of each stopped charger / discharger.

[0158] Referring to Figure 12, the a charger / discharger (CD a ) is stopped, the power profile (P a ) of t FC The subsequent power value is changed to 0 [W], and the a charger / discharger (CD a ) modified power profile (P a' ) has t A [a]~t C [a] Among t A [a]~t FC Only the corresponding part remains. The same applies to the power profile of other chargers and dischargers associated with other residual power values ​​selected in step S1120.

[0159] Also, the a to j chargers (CD a ~CD j ) is stopped in the charging mode, the controller (420) sets the power profile (E total ) is shown in Fig. 13 as a power profile (E total_C ) can be changed to point t FC In the subsequent sections, the power profile (E total_C ) represents the total power output, which is expressed by the power profile (E total ) becomes smaller than the total power amount represented by the power profile (E total_C ) is the maximum value of the total power profile (E total ) is less than the maximum value of the total power, and the time when it reaches the maximum value is t T t in T_C can be brought forward. For reference, t T_C Silver charger / discharger (CD) a-1 ) may be the same as the point at which the first charging stage of the charging / discharging process is completed.

[0160] Fig. 14 is a flowchart schematically illustrating another example of subroutines that may be included in step S660 of Fig. 6, and Figs. 15 and 16 are graphs referenced in explaining the method of Fig. 14. The subroutines according to Fig. 14 may be executed on the condition that the subroutines according to Fig. 9 are executed.

[0161] Referring to FIG. 14, in step S1410, the controller (420) determines a plurality of residual power values ​​individually associated with a plurality of chargers and dischargers having a residual discharge period based on the time of occurrence of an abnormality. Here, the fact that a charger and discharger have a residual discharge period may indicate that the charger and discharger is already in a discharge mode or is scheduled to operate in a discharge mode. In other words, if a portion corresponding to a discharge mode in a power profile of a charger and discharger is not yet completed, the charger and discharger may be said to have a residual discharge period. For example, referring to FIG. 3, at time t C [1] In addition to the charger / discharger (CD1), the remaining charger / discharger (CD1~CD) m ) all have a residual discharge period.

[0162] Let k be a natural number greater than or equal to 1, l be a natural number greater than k and less than or equal to m, and z be a natural number greater than or equal to k and less than or equal to l. Then, the z-th remaining power value is the value of the z-th charging and discharging device (CD) during the remaining time until the total power of the charging and discharging device (200) reaches the minimum value. z ) can represent the amount of power to be recovered from the controller (420). The controller (420) can represent the time interval (t) for the z power profile. FD ~t C By applying the integral operation in [m], the z-th residual power value can be determined. The z-th residual power value can be expressed as in Equation 9 below.

[0163] <Formula 9>

[0164]

[0165] In Equation 9, P z (t) is the z-th charge / discharge current (CD) at time t z ) is the power, and EB z may be the z-th residual power value.

[0166] In step S1420, the controller (420) selects at least one residual power value whose sum of multiple residual power values ​​in descending order is greater than or equal to a surplus power value. The surplus power value may represent the difference between the first power amount and the second power amount determined in step S920.

[0167] For example, at the time of occurrence of an abnormality, the kth to lth charge / discharger (CD) k ~CD l ) has a residual discharge period, and is smaller in order from the kth residual power value to the lth residual power value. If (i) the sum of the bth to lth residual power values ​​among the kth to lth residual power values ​​is greater than or equal to the surplus power value, and (ii) the sum of the (a+1)th to jth residual power values ​​is less than the surplus power value, the ath to jth residual power values ​​can be selected in step S1120. b is a natural number greater than or equal to k and less than or equal to l.

[0168] In step S1430, the controller (420) stops the charger / discharger associated with each remaining power value selected in step S1420. In addition, the controller (420) can update the operation information of each stopped charger / discharger.

[0169] Referring to Figure 15, the b charger / discharger (CD) b ) is stopped, the power profile (P b ) of t FD The subsequent power value is changed to 0 [W], and the b charger / discharger (CD b ) modified power profile (P b' ) has t A [b]~t C [b] Among t A [b]~t FD Only the corresponding part remains. The same applies to the power profile of other chargers and dischargers associated with other residual power values ​​selected in step S1420.

[0170] Also, the B to I charger / discharger (CD) b ~CD l ) is stopped from operating in the discharge mode, the controller (420) determines the power profile (E total ) is shown in Fig. 16 as a power profile (E total_D ) can be changed to point t FD In the subsequent sections, the power profile (E total_D ) represents the total power output, which is expressed by the power profile (E total ) is smaller than the total power indicated by the power profile (E total_D ) is the minimum value of the total power profile (E total ) is greater than the minimum value of the total power, and the time when it becomes the minimum value is t C t in [m] C It can be brought forward to [b-1]. For reference, t C [b-1] is a charge / discharge device (CD) b-1 ) may be the point at which the charging and discharging process is completed.

[0171] The embodiments of the present invention described above are not implemented only through devices and methods, but may also be implemented through a program that realizes a function corresponding to the configuration of the embodiments of the present invention or a recording medium on which the program is recorded, and such implementation can be easily implemented by an expert in the technical field to which the present invention belongs based on the description of the embodiments described above.

[0172] Although the present invention has been described above with reference to limited embodiments and drawings, the present invention is not limited thereto, and it is obvious that various modifications and variations are possible within the scope of the technical idea of ​​the present invention and the equivalent scope of the patent claims to be described below by a person having ordinary skill in the art to which the present invention pertains.

[0173] In addition, the present invention described above is not limited to the above-described embodiments and the attached drawings, and all or part of each embodiment may be selectively combined and configured so that various modifications can be made, as those skilled in the art can make various substitutions, modifications, and changes within the scope of the technical idea of ​​the present invention.

Claims

1. In a system control device for a battery charging / discharging system including a main power source, charging / discharging equipment and auxiliary power source, A monitoring circuit that monitors whether the main power supply is abnormal; and A controller that generates a power profile of the charging / discharging equipment by applying a mathematical operation to the first to mth power profiles based on the operation information of the first to mth chargers / dischargers included in the charging / discharging equipment; wherein m is a natural number greater than or equal to 2, The above controller, A system control device configured to determine whether it is necessary to stop at least one of the first to mth chargers and dischargers by comparing the first power amount of the power amount profile and the second power amount of the auxiliary power amount when an abnormality occurs in the main power supply.

2. In paragraph 1, The above controller, A system control device configured to determine the first to mth power profiles by applying the individual operation start points of the first to mth chargers to the reference power profile.

3. In paragraph 1, The above controller, By applying the first matrix operation to the first to mth power profiles, the total power profile of the charging / discharging equipment is determined, A system control device configured to generate the power profile by applying a second matrix operation to the total power profile.

4. In paragraph 1, The above controller, A system control device configured to determine the first power amount to be equal to the expected power consumption of the charging / discharging device and to determine the second power amount to be equal to the outputtable power amount of the auxiliary power source when the charging / discharging device is in a charging dominant state at the time of occurrence of an abnormality in the main power source.

5. In paragraph 4, The above controller, From the above power profile, a reference power corresponding to the time of occurrence of the abnormality and a maximum power corresponding to the time to come after the time of occurrence of the abnormality are determined, A system control device configured to determine the power consumption amount equal to the difference between the reference power amount and the maximum power amount.

6. In paragraph 4, The above controller, If the charging / discharging equipment is in a charging dominant state at the time of occurrence of an abnormality in the above main power supply and the first power amount is greater than the second power amount, A system control device configured to determine that at least one of the first to mth chargers needs to be stopped.

7. In paragraph 6, The above controller, Among the first to m chargers and dischargers, at least one residual power value is selected such that the sum of the plurality of residual power values ​​associated with the plurality of chargers and dischargers having a remaining charging period in descending order is greater than or equal to the insufficient power value, It is configured to determine that it is necessary to stop the charger / discharger associated with each of the above-selected residual power values, The above remaining power value represents the amount of power to be consumed during the remaining time until the total power of the charging / discharging equipment reaches the maximum value. A system control device wherein the above-mentioned power shortage value represents the difference between the first power amount and the second power amount.

8. In paragraph 1, The above controller, A system control device configured to determine the first power amount to be the same as the expected power amount to be recovered by the charging / discharging device when the charging / discharging device is in a discharge-dominant state at the time of occurrence of an abnormality in the main power supply, and to determine the second power amount to be the same as the input power amount of the auxiliary power supply.

9. In paragraph 8, The above controller, From the above power profile, a reference power amount corresponding to the time of occurrence of the abnormality and a minimum power amount corresponding to the time to come after the time of occurrence of the abnormality are determined, A system control device that determines the amount of power to be recovered as the difference between the above reference power amount and the above minimum power amount.

10. In paragraph 8, The above controller, If the charging / discharging equipment is in a discharge-dominant state at the time of occurrence of an abnormality in the main power supply, and the first power amount is greater than the second power amount, A system control device configured to determine that at least one of the first to mth chargers needs to be stopped.

11. In paragraph 10, The above controller, Among the first to m chargers and dischargers, at least one residual power value is selected such that the sum of the plurality of residual power values ​​associated with the plurality of chargers and dischargers having residual discharge periods in descending order is greater than or equal to the surplus power value, It is configured to determine that it is necessary to stop the charger / discharger associated with each of the above-selected residual power values, The above remaining power value represents the amount of power to be recovered during the remaining time until the total power of the charging / discharging equipment reaches the minimum value. A system control device wherein the surplus power value represents the difference between the first power amount and the second power amount.

12. A battery charging / discharging system comprising a system control device according to any one of claims 1 to 11.

13. In a system control device for a battery charging / discharging system including a main power source, charging / discharging equipment and auxiliary power source, A step of generating a power profile of the charging / discharging facility by applying a mathematical operation to the first to mth power profiles based on the operation information of the first to mth chargers / dischargers included in the charging / discharging facility, wherein m is a natural number greater than or equal to 2; A step of monitoring whether the main power supply is abnormal; and When an abnormality occurs in the main power supply, a step of comparing the first power quantity of the power quantity profile with the second power quantity of the auxiliary power supply to determine whether it is necessary to stop at least one of the first to mth chargers and dischargers; A system control method comprising:

14. In paragraph 13, When the charging / discharging equipment is in a charging dominant state at the time of occurrence of an abnormality in the main power supply, a step of determining the expected power consumption of the charging / discharging equipment as the first power amount and determining the outputtable power amount of the auxiliary power supply as the second power amount; A system control method further comprising:

15. In paragraph 13, A step of determining the expected power amount to be recovered by the charging / discharging equipment as the first power amount and determining the input power amount of the auxiliary power source as the second power amount when the charging / discharging equipment is in a discharge dominant state at the time of occurrence of an abnormality in the main power source; A system control method further comprising:

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