First network node, node and methods performed thereby, for handling subcarrier spacing
By dynamically selecting a higher subcarrier spacing for sensing signals than for communication signals, the method addresses inefficiencies in existing sensing procedures, enhancing sensitivity and resource utilization in wireless networks.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2024/084800
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-03-29
- Publication Date
- 2025-10-02
AI Technical Summary
Existing sensing procedures in wireless communications networks face challenges with poor sensitivity and resource wastage due to the need for a long Cyclic Prefix (CP) in OFDM symbols, which conflicts with communication requirements, leading to inefficient resource allocation and performance.
Adaptive selection of subcarrier spacing (SCS) for sensing procedures based on the determined sensing range, allowing for a higher SCS for sensing signals than for communication signals, ensuring optimal sensing performance by balancing maximum range and Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR).
This approach extends the sensing range while maintaining link budget and SNR, enabling efficient environment sensing by dynamically adjusting numerology to meet specific detection requirements.
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Figure CN2024084800_02102025_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
FIRST NETWORK NODE, NODE AND METHODS PERFORMED THEREBY, FOR HANDLING SUBCARRIER SPACINGTECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present disclosure relates generally to a first network node and methods performed thereby for handling subcarrier spacing. The present disclosure further relates generally to a node and methods performed thereby, for handling the subcarrier spacing. The present disclosure also relates generally to computer programs and computer-readable storage mediums, having stored thereon the computer programs to carry out these methods.BACKGROUND
[0002] Wireless devices within a wireless communications network may be e.g., User Equipments (UEs) , stations (STAs) , mobile terminals, wireless terminals, terminals, and / or Mobile Stations (MS) . Wireless devices are enabled to communicate wirelessly in a cellular communications network or wireless communication network, sometimes also referred to as a cellular radio system, cellular system, or cellular network. The communication may be performed e.g., between two wireless devices, between a wireless device and a regular telephone and / or between a wireless device and a server via a Radio Access Network (RAN) and possibly one or more core networks, comprised within the wireless communications network. Wireless devices may further be referred to as mobile telephones, cellular telephones, laptops, or tablets with wireless capability, just to mention some further examples. The wireless devices in the present context may be, for example, portable, pocket-storable, hand-held, computer-comprised, or vehicle-mounted mobile devices, enabled to communicate voice and / or data, via the RAN, with another entity, such as another terminal or a server.
[0003] The wireless communications network covers a geographical area which may be divided into cell areas, each cell area being served by a network node, which may be an access node such as a radio network node, radio node or a base station, e.g., a Radio Base Station (RBS) , which sometimes may be referred to as e.g., gNB, evolved Node B ( “eNB” ) , “eNodeB” , “NodeB” , “B node” , Transmission Point (TP or TRP) , or Base Transceiver Station (BTS) , depending on the technology and terminology used. The base stations may be of different classes such as e.g., Wide Area Base Stations, Medium Range Base Stations, Local Area Base Stations, Home Base Stations, pico base stations, etc…, based on transmission power and thereby also cell size. A cell is the geographical area where radio coverage may be provided by the base station or radio node at a base station site, or radio node site, respectively. One base station, situated on the base station site, may serve one or several cells. Further, each base station may support one or several communication technologies. The base stations communicate over the air interface operating on radio frequencies with the wireless devices within range of the base stations. The wireless communications network may also comprise network nodes which may serve receiving nodes, such as wireless devices, with serving beams. In 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) Long Term Evolution (LTE) , base stations, which may be referred to as eNodeBs or even eNBs, may be directly connected to one or more core networks. In the context of this disclosure, the expression Downlink (DL) may be used for the transmission path from the base station to the wireless device. The expression Uplink (UL) may be used for the transmission path in the opposite direction i.e., from the wireless device to the base station.
[0004] The standardization organization 3GPP is currently in the process of specifying a New Radio Interface called NR or 5G-UTRA, as well as a Fifth Generation (5G) Packet Core Network, which may be referred to as Next Generation (NG) Core Network, abbreviated as NG-CN, NGC, 5G CN or 5G Core (5GC) . NG may be understood to refer to the interface / reference point between the Radio Access Network (RAN) and the CN in 5G / NR. In a 5G System (5GS) , a radio base station in NR may be referred to as a gNB or 5G Node B. An NR UE may be referred to as an nUE.
[0005] One of the main goals of NR is to provide more capacity for operators to serve ever increasing traffic demands and variety of applications. Because of this, NR may be able to operate on high frequencies, such as frequencies over 6 GHz, until 60 or even 100 GHz. The expansion towards higher frequencies is expected to continue into 6th Generation (6G) networks.
[0006] Operation in higher frequencies makes it possible to use smaller antenna elements, which may enable antenna arrays with many antenna elements. Such antenna arrays may facilitate beamforming, where multiple antenna elements may be used to form narrow beams and thereby compensate for the challenging propagation properties.
[0007] Furthermore, usage of these new frequencies may be understood to provide the potential for accurate sensing, e.g., based on radar-like technology.
[0008] Sensing may be understood as a procedure whereby reflections of transmitted signals may be received in a network and processed to yield spatial knowledge of the physical environment.
[0009] A sensing system may be understood as a system which may enable to perform such a procedure, transmitting signals, detecting the reflections, and processing them to yield spatial knowledge of the physical environment.
[0010] Joint communication and sensing
[0011] To provide sensing capability using communication infrastructure is the agreed direction for future 6G network.
[0012] Joint Communication and Sensing (JCAS) is an emerging research area which is already standardized in IEEE 802.11, discussed in 3GPP, and anticipated as a basic element in 6G. Sensing in a JCAS system may be done in radar or Channel State Information (CSI) based fashion. In the radar case, one or multiple pulses may be transmitted for the purpose of range and Doppler measurements. Even though the use of radar in Line-of-Sight (LoS) propagation environments may be very effective, its deployment in environments with strong Non Line-of-Sight (NLOS) characteristics may become challenging. In contrast, CSI-based sensing has the potential to overcome some of these limitations by undertaking measurements of the CSI of the underlying channel between a transmitter and a receiver. In this approach, inference regarding the presence of a target, which is not a device, and / or any other quantity of interest may be done through the change of CSI at different time instances or with the appropriate processing of the CSI of one instance. In literature, this form of sensing may be called Device-Free-Sensing (DFS) .
[0013] The introduction of JCAS in a communication network may be understood to give the ability to the network to produce real time information regarding its surrounding physical environment. This information may be public, such as the number of vehicles on a road, or private, such as the number of people inside a private apartment.
[0014] Since a 5G / NR network may be understood to be Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing (OFDM) -based, and quite probably the 6G network will be OFDM based as well, it may be understood to be necessary that a design sensing signal may be integrated into OFDM frame structure to ease efficient resource sharing between sensing and communication.
[0015] A communication system may be understood as a system within a wireless communications network which may enable communication between the system and other systems or devices within the wireless communications network.
[0016] The Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) that may be relevant to sensing service may include range, e.g., maximum range, range resolution, and velocity, e.g., unambiguous velocity and velocity resolution.
[0017] Existing sensing procedures may result in poor sensitivity, which may result in a requirement from an application requesting the procedure not being met, or wasted resources in a communications system, e.g., due to a large overhead.SUMMARY
[0018] As part of the development of embodiments herein, one or more problems with the existing technology will first be identified and discussed.
[0019] Different sensing applications may have various detection range requirements. For example, to detect automobiles in an express way, a range of several kilometers may be needed, whereas to detect ships in the sea, a range of tens of kilometers may be needed.
[0020] One approach being currently discussed is to have a long Cyclic Prefix (CP) for sensing in an OFDM symbol in order to cover the furthest object to detect. This may be understood to be for similar reasons to OFDM for communication, since the impulse response of the echoes from all targets within the radar range may need to arrive within the CP. The problem with this approach may be understood to be that a long CP may be just needed for the purpose of sensing, while the communication service may still prefer a shorter CP, since a longer CP means higher overhead. A new frame structure may therefore need to be designed, which is quite costly.
[0021] Embodiments herein may address the problems of the existing methods just described.
[0022] According to a first aspect of embodiments herein, the object is achieved by a method performed by a first network node. The first network node operates in a wireless communications network. The first network node determines a sensing range of a sensing procedure to be performed in the wireless communications network. The sensing procedure is performed using transmission of a first radio signal. The first network node determines a first subcarrier spacing of the first radio signal based on the determined sensing range. The determined first subcarrier spacing of the first radio signal is higher than a second subcarrier spacing of a second radio signal used for communication. The first network node then outputs a first indication indicating the determined first subcarrier spacing.
[0023] According to a second aspect of embodiments herein, the object is achieved by a method, performed by a node. The node operates in the wireless communications network. The node receives the first indication from the first network node operating in the wireless communications network. The first indication indicates the first subcarrier spacing of the first radio signal to be transmitted for the sensing procedure to be performed in the wireless communications network. The first subcarrier spacing is higher than the second subcarrier spacing of the second radio signal used for communication. The node also initiates transmission of the first radio signal, or reception of received radio signals resulting from transmission of the first radio signal, based on the indicated first subcarrier spacing.
[0024] According to a third aspect of embodiments herein, the object is achieved by the first network node. The first network node is configured to operate in the wireless communications network. The first network node is configured to determine the sensing range of the sensing procedure to be performed in the wireless communications network. The sensing procedure is configured to be performed using transmission of the first radio signal. The first network node is also configured to determine the first subcarrier spacing of the first radio signal based on the sensing range configured to be determined. The first subcarrier spacing of the first radio signal configured to be determined is configured to be higher than the second subcarrier spacing of the second radio signal configured to be used for communication. The first network node is further configured to output the first indication configured to indicate the first subcarrier spacing configured to be determined.
[0025] According to a fourth aspect of embodiments herein, the object is achieved by the node. The node is configured to operate in the wireless communications network. The node is configured to receive the first indication from the first network node configured to operate in the wireless communications network. The first indication is configured to indicate the first subcarrier spacing of the first radio signal to be transmitted for the sensing procedure to be performed in the wireless communications network. The first subcarrier spacing is configured to be higher than the second subcarrier spacing of the second radio signal configured to be used for communication. The is also configured to initiate transmission of the first radio signal, or reception of the received radio signals resulting from transmission of the first radio signal, based on the first subcarrier spacing configured to be indicated.
[0026] By determining the sensing range of the sensing procedure, the first network node may be enabled to dynamically determine the right numerology, that is, parameters of the sensing procedure, such as the SCS, so that the sensing procedure may optimally perform the sensing of one or more objects or the environment.
[0027] By the first network node determining the first subcarrier spacing of the first radio signal based on the determined sensing range, the first network node may be understood to enable to extend the maximum range of sensing. As SCS for sensing may be understood to be selected adaptively, the chosen SCS may have a good balance between the maximum range and the energy for the received radio signal resulting from transmission of the first radio signal, which may also be referred to as the received sensing signal . That is, e.g., so that the maximum range may be satisfied, while at the same time the link budget or SNR of the received sensing signal may be also satisfied.
[0028] By outputting the first indication indicating the determined first subcarrier spacing, the first network node may then enable the node to send out or listen the sensing impulse to the environment according to the determined SCS, which may enable to extend the sensing range. By the SCS having been determined based on the determined sensing range, the maximum sensing range may be extended adaptively, enabling to keep a good balance between the maximum range and the energy for the received sensing signal. The first network node may then enable the node to, use the received signal to, for example, extract information about the propagation delay, strength and doppler to perform environment sensing.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0029] Examples of embodiments herein are described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, according to the following description.
[0030] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating two non-limiting examples, in panels a) and b) , of a wireless communications network, according to embodiments herein.
[0031] Figure 2 is a flowchart depicting a method in a first network node, according to embodiments herein.
[0032] Figure 3 is a flowchart depicting a method in node, according to embodiments herein.
[0033] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram illustrating aspects of a method performed according to embodiments herein.
[0034] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram illustrating other aspects of a method performed according to embodiments herein.
[0035] Figure 6 is a schematic diagram illustrating further aspects of a method performed according to embodiments herein.
[0036] Figure 7 is a signalling diagram illustrating a non-limiting example aspects of methods performed according to embodiments herein.
[0037] Figure 8 is a schematic block diagram illustrating an embodiment of a first network node, according to embodiments herein.
[0038] Figure 9 is a schematic block diagram illustrating an embodiment of a node, according to embodiments herein.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0039] Certain aspects of the present disclosure and their embodiments address the challenges identified in the Background and Summary sections with the existing methods and provide solutions to the challenges discussed.
[0040] Embodiments herein may be understood to relate to a method to extend a sensing maximum range with OFDM.
[0041] Embodiments herein may be understood to relate to dynamically selecting the right numerology for a sensing service so that the maximum range may be satisfied, while at the same time the link budget or Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) of the received sensing signal may be also satisfied. The link budget may be understood as a difference between the transmission power and reception power. The supported link budget may be understood to be the maximum possible difference between transmitter (TX) and receiver (RX) power that may still enable the sensing. For bi-static and / or multi-static sensing, such numerology information and / or configuration may be dynamically transmitted from transmitter to receiver over a communication channel and / or signal, e.g., Downlink Control Information (DCI) or Medium Access Control –Control Element (MAC-CE) , or semi-statically, via Radio Resource Control (RRC) signalling. Bi-static sensing may be understood as sensing wherein two nodes may be understood to be involved, wherein one node may be understood to send sensing signal and the other node may be understood to receive sensing signal. Multi-static sensing may be understood as sensing wherein more than two nodes may be understood to be involved in sensing wherein at least one node may be understood to send sensing signal and the remaining nodes may be understood to receive sensing signal.
[0042] In particular examples of embodiments herein, the procedure to apply this approach may comprise the following steps: 1) the sensing management system may first identify the maximum sensing range according to where to sense the objects, 2) the sensing management system may determine an OFDM subcarrier spacing (SCS) according to the estimated maximum sensing range, and 3) the sensing management system may inform the sensing parameters, that is, the numerology, to the sensing Tx and Rx. If the sensing Tx and Rx are all gNBs, the Tx gNB may inform the Rx gNB the sensing parameters via Xn interface. If at least one of the sensing nodes is a UE, the gNB may inform the UE via the air interface, e.g., via DCI or MAC CE or RRC.
[0043] Some of the embodiments contemplated will now be described more fully hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which examples are shown. In this section, the embodiments herein will be illustrated in more detail by a number of exemplary embodiments. Other embodiments, however, are contained within the scope of the subject matter disclosed herein. The disclosed subject matter should not be construed as limited to only the embodiments set forth herein; rather, these embodiments are provided by way of example to convey the scope of the subject matter to those skilled in the art. It should be noted that the exemplary embodiments herein are not mutually exclusive. Components from one embodiment may be tacitly assumed to be present in another embodiment and it will be obvious to a person skilled in the art how those components may be used in the other exemplary embodiments.
[0044] Several embodiments and examples are comprised herein. It should be noted that the embodiments and / or examples herein are not mutually exclusive. Components from one embodiment or example may be tacitly assumed to be present in another embodiment or example and it will be obvious to a person skilled in the art how those components may be used in the other exemplary embodiments and / or examples.
[0045] Figure 1 depicts two non-limiting examples, in panel a) and panel b) , respectively, of a wireless network or wireless communications network 100, sometimes also referred to as a wireless communications system, cellular radio system, or cellular network, in which embodiments herein may be implemented. The wireless communications network 100 may be a 5G system, 5G network, or Next Gen System or network, or a newer system, e.g., 6G, with similar functionality. In other examples, the wireless communications network 100 may additionally support other technologies such as, for example, Long-Term Evolution (LTE) , e.g., LTE for Machines (LTE-M) , LTE Frequency Division Duplex (FDD) , LTE Time Division Duplex (TDD) , LTE Half-Duplex Frequency Division Duplex (HD-FDD) , LTE operating in an unlicensed band, such as LTE Licensed-Assisted Access (LAA) , enhanced eLAA (eLAA) , further enhanced LAA (feLAA) and / or MulteFire. The wireless communications network 100 may support Machine Type Communication (MTC) , enhanced MTC (eMTC) , Internet of Things (IoT) and / or NarrowBand IoT (NB-IoT) . Yet in other examples, the wireless communications network 100 may, in addition, further support other technologies such as, for example Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA) , Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (UTRA) TDD, Global System for Mobile communications (GSM) network, GSM / Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE) Radio Access Network (GERAN) network, Ultra-Mobile Broadband (UMB) , EDGE network, network comprising of any combination of Radio Access Technologies (RATs) such as e.g. Multi-Standard Radio (MSR) base stations, multi-RAT base stations etc., any 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) cellular network, WiFi networks, Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMax) , or any cellular network or system. Thus, although terminology from 5G / NR and LTE may be used in this disclosure to exemplify embodiments herein, this should not be seen as limiting the scope of the embodiments herein to only the aforementioned system.
[0046] The wireless communications network 100 comprises a first network node 111. In some embodiments, the wireless communications network 100 may further comprise additional network nodes, whereof, a second network node 112 and another network node 113, which may be also referred to as a third network node 113, are depicted in the two non-limiting examples of Figure 1. It may be understood that there may be additional network nodes comprised in the wireless communications network 100.
[0047] The second network node 112 and the another network node 113 may be understood to be radio network nodes, such as depicted in the non-limiting examples of Figure 1. A radio network node may be understood to be a transmission point or radio base station, for example a gNB, or any other network node with similar features capable of serving a user equipment, such as a wireless device or a machine type communication device, in the wireless communications network 100.
[0048] In some examples, the first network node 111 may also be radio network node.
[0049] In other examples, the first network node 111 may be a core network node.
[0050] In some examples, all of the first network node 111, the second network node 112 and at the another network node 113 may be radio network nodes.
[0051] Any of the first network node 111, the second network node 112 and the another network node 113 may be co-localized or be the same node, that is, manage or run the same logical entity, as depicted in the non-limiting example of panel a) in Figure 1.
[0052] In some examples, any of the first network node 111, the second network node 112 and the another network node 113 may be a distributed node, such as a virtual node in a cloud 115, as depicted for the first network node 111 in the non-limiting example depicted in Figure b) , and may perform its functions entirely on the cloud 115, or partially, in collaboration with a radio network node.
[0053] The first network node 111 may be understood as a network node that may have a capability to run, at least some aspects of a sensing processing function.
[0054] The second network node 112 may be understood to be a radio network node having a capability to transmit a signal, referred to herein as a first radio signal, to sense e.g., one or more objects 116 or an environment in the wireless communications network 100, that is, in a coverage area of the wireless communications network 100. The first radio signal may be understood to be a transmitted sensing signal.
[0055] The one or more objects 116 are depicted in Figure 1 as a single moving car, but this may be understood to be non-limiting and for illustration purposes only. The one or more objects 116 may be other one or more objects.
[0056] The second network node 112 may further have a capability to receive signals reflected by the one or more objects 116 resulting from the transmission of the first radio signal, that is the transmitted sensing signal. That is, in some embodiments, the second network node 112 may be a sensing node. In some examples, the second network node 112, that is, the sensing node or system, may be both, a sensing transmitter and / or sensing receiver.
[0057] The another network node 113 may be understood to be a radio network node having a capability to sense signals reflected by the one or more objects 116 in response to the transmission of the first radio signal, that is the transmitted sensing signal. That is, the another network node 113 may be a sensing node. The another node 113 may be understood to not transmit the first radio signal.
[0058] In particular examples, the second network node 112, that is, the sensing transmitter, and at least the another network node 113, that is, the sensing receiver, may refer to the same node, that is, manage or run the same logical entity.
[0059] The wireless communications network 100 may cover a geographical area, which in some embodiments may be divided into cell areas, wherein each cell area may be served by a radio network node, although, one radio network node may serve one or several cells. In the example of Figure 1, only a first cell 121 served by the second network node 112 and a second cell 122 served by the another network node 113 are depicted. Any of the first network node 111, the second network node 112, the another network node 113 and any radio network node operating in the wireless communications network 100 may be of different classes, such as, e.g., macro base station, home base station or pico base station, based on transmission power and thereby also cell size. Any of the first network node 111, the second network node 112, the another network node 113 and any radio network node operating in the wireless communications network 100 may serve receiving nodes with serving beams, as depicted for the radio network node on the left in the non-limiting examples of Figure 1. Any of the first network node 111, the second network node 112, the another network node 113 and any radio network node may support one or several communication technologies, and its name may depend on the technology and terminology used. Any of the first network node 111, the second network node 112, the another network node 113 and any radio network node operating in the wireless communications network 100 may be directly connected to one or more core networks, e.g., to one or more network nodes in the one or more core networks.
[0060] The wireless communications network 100 may also comprise a first device 131. In some embodiments, the wireless communications network 100 may comprise a second device 132. Any of the first device 131 and the second device 132 may be also known as a e.g., user equipment (UE) , e.g., a 5G or 6G User Equipment (UE) or nUE, wireless device, mobile terminal, wireless terminal and / or mobile station, mobile telephone, cellular telephone, or laptop with wireless capability, an Internet of Things (IoT) device, or a Customer Premises Equipment (CPE) , just to mention some further examples. Any of the first device 131 and the second device 132 in the present context may be, for example, portable, pocket- storable, hand-held, computer-comprised, or a vehicle-mounted mobile device, enabled to communicate voice and / or data, via a RAN, with another entity, such as a server, a laptop, a Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) , or a tablet, a Machine-to-Machine (M2M) device, an Internet of Things (IoT) device, e.g., a sensor or a camera, a device equipped with a wireless interface, such as a printer or a file storage device, modem, Laptop Embedded Equipped (LEE) , Laptop Mounted Equipment (LME) , USB dongles, or any other radio network unit capable of communicating over a radio link in the wireless communications network 100. Any of the first device 131 and the second device 132 may be wireless, i.e., it may be enabled to communicate wirelessly in the wireless communications network 100 and, in some particular examples, may be able support transmission using beamforming. The communication may be performed e.g., between two devices, between a device and a radio network node, and / or between a device and a server. The communication may be performed e.g., via a RAN and possibly one or more core networks, comprised, respectively, within the wireless communications network 100.
[0061] The first device 131 may have a capability to transmit first radio signal, that is the transmitted sensing signal.
[0062] The second device 132 may have a capability to receive signals reflected by the one or more objects 116 in response to the transmission of the first radio signal, that is the transmitted sensing signal. That is, in some embodiments, the second device 132 may be a sensing node.
[0063] Any of the second network node 112, the another network node 113, the first device 131 and the second device 132 may be referred to herein as a node 112, 113, 131, 132.
[0064] It may be understood that the wireless communications network 100 may comprise additional radio network nodes and / or additional receivers, e.g., wireless devices, than those depicted in Figure 1.
[0065] The first network node 111 may be configured to communicate within the wireless communications network 100 with the second network node 112 over a first link 141, e.g., a radio link, or a wired link. The second network node 112 may be configured to communicate within the wireless communications network 100 with the another node 113 over a second link 142, e.g., a radio link, or a wired link. The second network node 112 may be configured to communicate within the wireless communications network 100 with the first device 131 over a third link 143, e.g., a radio link. The second network node 112 may be configured to transmit and / or receive reflections within the wireless communications network 100 to and / or from the one or more objects 116 over a respective fourth link 144, e.g., a radio link. The another network node 113 may be configured to transmit and / or receive reflections within the wireless communications network 100 to and / or from the one or more objects 116 over a respective fifth link 145, e.g., a radio link. The first device 131 may be configured to transmit and / or receive reflections within the wireless communications network 100 to and / or from one or more objects 116 over a respective sixth link 146, e.g., a radio link. The second network node 112 may be configured to communicate within the wireless communications network 100 with the second device 132 over a seventh link 147, e.g., a radio link. The second device 132 may be configured to receive reflections within the wireless communications network 100 to and / or from one or more objects 116 over a respective eighth link 148, e.g., a radio link.
[0066] Any of the first link 141 and the second link 142 may be a direct link or may be comprised of a plurality of individual links, wherein it may go via one or more computer systems or one or more core networks in the computer system 100, which are not depicted in Figure 1, or it may go via an optional intermediate network. The intermediate network may be one of, or a combination of more than one of, a public, private or hosted network; the intermediate network, if any, may be a backbone network or the Internet; in particular, the intermediate network may comprise two or more sub-networks, which is not shown in Figure 1.
[0067] In general, the usage of “first” , “second” , “third” , “fourth” , “fifth” , “sixth” , “seventh” and / or “eighth” , herein may be understood to be an arbitrary way to denote different elements or entities, and may be understood to not confer a cumulative or chronological character to the nouns they modify.
[0068] Generally, all terms used herein are to be interpreted according to their ordinary meaning in the relevant technical field, unless a different meaning is clearly given and / or is implied from the context in which it is used. All references to a / an / the element, apparatus, component, means, step, etc. are to be interpreted openly as referring to at least one instance of the element, apparatus, component, means, step, etc., unless explicitly stated otherwise. The steps of any methods disclosed herein do not have to be performed in the exact order disclosed, unless a step is explicitly described as following or preceding another step and / or where it is implicit that a step must follow or precede another step. Any feature of any of the embodiments disclosed herein may be applied to any other embodiment, wherever appropriate. Likewise, any advantage of any of the embodiments may apply to any other embodiments, and vice versa. Other objectives, features and advantages of the enclosed embodiments will be apparent from the following description.
[0069] Some of the embodiments contemplated herein will now be described more fully with reference to the accompanying drawings. Other embodiments, however, are contained within the scope of the subject matter disclosed herein, the disclosed subject matter should not be construed as limited to only the embodiments set forth herein; rather, these embodiments are provided by way of example to convey the scope of the subject matter to those skilled in the art.
[0070] Embodiments of a method, performed by the first network node 111, will now be described with reference to the flowchart depicted in Figure 2. The method may be understood to be computer-implemented. The method may be understood to be for handling subcarrier spacing. The first network node 111 operates in the wireless communications network 100.
[0071] Several embodiments are comprised herein. In some embodiments all the actions may be performed. In some embodiments, some actions may be optional. In Figure 2, optional actions are indicated with dashed lines. It should be noted that the examples herein are not mutually exclusive. Components from one embodiment may be tacitly assumed to be present in another embodiment and it will be obvious to a person skilled in the art how those components may be used in the other exemplary embodiments. One or more embodiments may be combined, where applicable. All possible combinations are not described to simplify the description.
[0072] In some embodiments, the first network node 111 may be the same as the second network node 112.
[0073] Action 201
[0074] In this Action 201, the first network node 111 determines a sensing range of a sensing procedure to be performed in the wireless communications network 100. The sensing procedure is performed using transmission of a first radio signal.
[0075] The sensing range may be understood to be an area in which one or more of the one or more objects 116 may be sensed. Outside this range, objects may not be sensed, with e.g., a graceful degradation. From a timing perspective, the area may be understood to correspond e.g., to a circle for monostatic sensing, and for bistatic sensing radar an ellipse. The sensing range may be determined by maximum allowed propagation path TX -> target -> RX. For example, in case of monostatic sensing, this may correspond to twice the distance TX / RX->target. In this Action 201, the first network node 111 may first identify the maximum sensing range according to where to sense the one or more objects 116. As explained earlier, different sensing applications may have various detection range requirements. For example, to detect automobiles in an express way, a range of several kilometers may be needed, whereas to detect ships in the sea, a range of tens of kilometers may be needed.
[0076] The sensing procedure may be an integrated sensing and communication procedure. This may be understood to mean that the sensing procedure may share at least one of site, hardware and spectrum with communication procedures.
[0077] The first radio signal, that is, the transmitted sensing signal, may be one of a variety of choices. The suitability of a signal for sensing may be often characterized by an autocorrelation function of the signal. There may be understood to be trade-off between resolution and sidelobe suppression, and limitations due to hardware. Some non-limiting examples that may be used as the signal may be chirp signals and Zadoff--Chu sequences. However, these examples may be understood to be for illustrative purposes. Embodiments herein, may be understood to not be limited to a particular type of transmitted sensing signal.
[0078] The first radio network node 111 may manage a sensing management function.
[0079] The first radio signal may be to be transmitted by at least one of: the second network node 112 operating in the wireless communications network 100 and the first device 131 operating in the wireless communications network 100.
[0080] Received radio signals resulting from transmission of the first radio signal may be to be received by at least one of the second network node 112 transmitting the first radio signal, the another network node 113 not transmitting the first radio signal, the first device 131 transmitting the first radio signal and the second device 132 operating in the wireless communications network 100 and not transmitting the first radio signal.
[0081] Once the first radio network node 111 may have received a sensing task, it may first select the proper transmitter and receiver sites according to information on a geometry of the site and the target sensing area. That is based on where the one or more objects 116 or the environment that may be the target of the sensing procedure, the first network node 111 may choose which radio network node, e.g., based on location, may be best suited to transmit the first radio signal. In embodiments herein, this may be understood to be the second network node 112 or the first device 131. The first network node 111 may then choose the node 112, 113, 131, 132, or nodes 112, 113, 131, 132, e.g., based on location, that may be best suited to receive the echoes or reflections from transmission of the first radio signal from all targets and clutter.
[0082] Then, the first radio network node 111 may check the resources of the chosen transmitter and / or receiver, that is, of the second network node 112, e.g., a gNB, and the node 112, 113, 131, 132, in order to ensure the resources to be used for sensing may be available.
[0083] In some examples, determining in this Action 201 may be understood as calculating, deriving, checking, or selecting. In other examples, determining in this Action 201 may be understood to comprise obtaining the sensing range from a different node.
[0084] In some embodiments, the determining in Action 201 of the sensing range may be based on one or more characteristics of at least one of: i) a second radio signal used for communication, ii) the one or more objects to sense 116, c) the first device 131 and d) the second network node 112.
[0085] The second radio signal used for communication may be, for example, data, control, or reference signal, based on Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) or Discrete Fourier Transform-Spread (DFTS) -OFDM-OFDM.
[0086] Communication may be understood to refer to, exchange of information using wireless signals.
[0087] The one or more characteristics of the second radio signal that may be used for determining the sensing range in this Action 201 may be for example, whether the second radio signal may use an OFDM scheme, OFDM subcarrier spacing, OFDM symbol duration, CP length, in general symbol length.
[0088] The one or more characteristics of the one or more objects to sense 116 that may be used for determining the sensing range in this Action 201 may be, e.g., any object a sensing application may be interested to know.
[0089] The one or more characteristics of the second radio network node 112 that may be used for determining the sensing range in this Action 201 may be for example, whether the second radio network node 112 may be a gNB, that is the RAT used by the second radio network node 112, output power, TX and RX antenna, which may be understood to determine beamforming capability, noise figure. These characteristics may be understood to determine sensing link budget.
[0090] The one or more characteristics of the first device 131 that may be used for determining the sensing range in this Action 201 may be for example, the RAT used by the first device 131, output power, TX and RX antenna, which may be understood to determine beamforming capability, noise figure. These characteristics may be understood to determine sensing link budget.
[0091] In some embodiments, the determined sensing range may be a maximum sensing range, that is, the maximum range of sensing. The first radio network node 111 may select the proper maximum sensing range according to the expected location of the one or more objects 116 to be sensed. In addition, the first radio network node 111 may consider link budget, as if the object is too small, and therefore the received echo cannot be received, there may be no point in performing the sensing.
[0092] The maximum range of sensing may be limited by a length of a CP length when state-of-the art frequency-domain processing may be used. As explained earlier, this may be understood to be due to the fact that the impulse response of the echoes from all targets within the sensing range may need to arrive within the CP. Taking mono-static sensing as an example, the RX Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) window, that is, the window of time wherein the receiver may be open to receive the received sensing signal, that is, the echoes from the transmission of the first radio signal, may be understood to be distinct for each RX OFDM signal, and may be aligned with the TX time in order to prevent introducing numerous Rx FFT windows for a single OFDM symbol, which may be understood to have a high computation complexity, as each FFT processing may be understood to require certain hardware. The signal may comprise multiple OFDM symbols in a time sequence. Each may be understood to refer to the individual symbols in this time sequence.
[0093] Since the CP may be understood to comprise a copy of the last portion of the OFDM symbol prepended before the OFDM symbol, in the case of one RX FFT window, when the round-trip delay to the sensed object is longer than the CP, the whole sensing echo signal may not be within the RX FFT window, making it more difficult to perform signal processing. This is illustrated in Figure 4, which will be described later.
[0094] According to the foregoing, the determining of the sensing range of the sensing procedure in this Action 201 may be based on the symbol duration, including the CP, of the second radio signal.
[0095] By in this Action 201 determining the sensing range of the sensing procedure, the first network node 111 may then be enabled to dynamically determine the right numerology, that is, parameters of the sensing procedure, such as the SCS, as will be described in the next Action 202, so that the sensing procedure may optimally perform the sensing of the one or more objects 116 or the environment. That is, e.g., so that the maximum range may be satisfied, while at the same time the link budget or SNR of the received sensing signal may be also satisfied.
[0096] Action 202
[0097] Since the longer the sensing range, the longer the round-trip delay to the sensed object, it may be desirable to, while extending the sensing range, to ensure that the whole sensing echo signal may be received within the RX FFT window in order to facilitate performance of signal processing. The symbol duration may be understood to be inversely proportional to subcarrier spacing. Hence, by increasing the subcarrier spacing, the symbol duration may be shortened so that, even with a longer round-trip delay to the sensed object, the whole sensing echo signal may be received within the RX FFT window.
[0098] In accordance with the foregoing, in this Action 202, the first network node 111 determines a first subcarrier spacing of the first radio signal based on the determined sensing range. The determined first subcarrier spacing of the first radio signal is higher than a second subcarrier spacing of the second radio signal used for communication.
[0099] The maximum range that may be extended may depend on the SCS used for communication signal and the SCS used for transmitted sensing signal.
[0100] According to embodiments herein, a different SCS may be used for the first radio signal, that is, the transmitted sensing signal, compared to the second radio signal, that is, the communication signal, and the SCS used for the transmitted sensing signal may be understood to be higher compared to the communication signal.
[0101] The subcarrier spacing may be an OFDM subcarrier spacing.
[0102] In some examples, the first network node 111 may determine, in this Action 202, an OFDM SCS according to the estimated maximum sensing range. With the help of the maximum sensing range, the first radio network node 111 may calculate the right SCS to use, which may be understood to be that SCS which may ensure that the whole sensing echo signal may be received within the RX FFT window.
[0103] In some embodiments, the determining in this Action 202 of the first subcarrier spacing may be further based on a target sensitivity of the sensing procedure.
[0104] As an example, if the SCS used for the communication signal is 30 Khz, while the SCS used for transmitted sensing signal is 60 Khz, then the extra range that may be extended using 60 Khz may be understood to be (36-18) / 2*10-6*108=900 m for monostatic sensing.
[0105] Any SCS higher than the communication signal SCS may be used to extend the maximum range, e.g., for communication signal with SCS of 15 Khz, the SCS used for transmitted sensing signal may be 30khz, 60khz, 120 Khz and 240 Khz.
[0106] Although the higher the SCS selected for the transmitted sensing signal, the larger the maximum range from a sensing perspective may be extended, it may not always be the best to use the highest SCS for the transmitted sensing signal. This may be understood to be because while a higher SCS may solve the issue of inter-symbol interference, it may also reduce the energy that may be transmitted and thus received.
[0107] Table 1 is an example link budget with different SCS for the transmitted sensing signal. As may be observed in Table 1, due to the shorter transmission duration with a higher SCS, a higher SCS of 120 KHz may have a negative impact, in comparison to an SCS of 15 KHz, on the maximum distance between TX and RX, from a link budget point of view. The higher SCS of 120 KHz results in a Tx / Rx -Target Distance (m) of 440m, whereas the lower SCS of 15 KHz results in a Tx / Rx -Target Distance (m) of 740.
[0108] Table 1.
[0109] Therefore, which SCS to select may depend on the range of the object to be sensed. In other words, the first network node 111 may choose which SCS to use for the first radio signal, that is, the transmitted sensing signal, dynamically, or semi-statically, according to which area it may want to sense. The SCS to be selected may be understood to be the one that may be beyond the maximum range the first network node 111 may want to sense, but with the smallest SCS so that enough energy may be transmitted / received.
[0110] In some embodiments, the determining in this Action 202 of the first subcarrier spacing may be based on at least one of: a) selecting the smallest subcarrier spacing that maximizes the sensing range over the determined sensing range of the sensing procedure, b) selecting the smallest subcarrier spacing that meets, or exceeds, the determined sensing range of the sensing procedure, c) maximizing the sensing range over the determined sensing range of the sensing procedure while ensuring that an estimated signal to noise ratio during the sensing procedure exceeds a first threshold, and d) ensuring that received radio signals resulting from transmission of the first radio signal are received in a first time window aligned with a second time window for reception of the second radio signal.
[0111] In some examples, determining in this Action 202 may be understood as calculating, deriving, checking, or selecting. In other examples, determining in this Action 202 may be understood to comprise obtaining the first subcarrier from a different node.
[0112] In other examples, the determining in this Action 202 may be understood as fetching or retrieving, e.g., from another node or memory in the wireless communications network 100, where the first subcarrier spacing may be stored.
[0113] CP-less sensing signal
[0114] In a classical OFDM receiver, which may use frequency-domain processing, the received signal may appear periodic within the RX FFT window due to the CP, assuming the impulse response, that is, all echoes, may fit into the CP. The CP may be understood to comprise a copy of the transmitted signal that may be prefixed to the transmitted signal. The receiver may only look at a signal portion starting at the CP end and extending until end of CP+symbol. As a simplified example, the transmitted signal may be single sinusoid with period that may exactly match the OFDM symbol duration, not counting the CP duration. If the signal arrives with delay 0 and the receiver checks only at the signal received in the "RX FFT window" , it may detect a complete period of the sinusoid. If the signal arrives with a delay that is shorter than the CP, and the receiver checks only the signal received in the "RX FFT window" , it may detect a complete (time-shifted) period of the sinusoid. However, if the delay is larger than the CP, the beginning of the "RX FFT window" may be zero, so no longer a complete period. A signal transmitted over a wireless channel may be understood to be impacted by the impulse response of the wireless channel. The output signal may be understood to be a linear convolution of transmitted signal and impulse response.
[0115] In the proposed structure, that is, the sensing scheme, described herein it may still be desirable that the linear convolution between the impulse response of the wireless channel, that is, the super position of echoes from transmission of the first radio signal from all targets, e.g., the one or more objects 116, and clutter, and the transmitted first radio signal may appear as circular convolution within the RX window, since this may allow the use of efficient FFT processing. To process a signal, it may be filtered in time domain. Filtering may be understood to comprise convolving the input signal to the filter with the impulse response of the filter. The output signal being the convolution. Another signal processing method may be understood to be frequency-domain processing, where the received signal may be transformed, e.g., via an FFT, into frequency -domain, multiplied in frequency -domain with the frequency -domain representation of the filter, and the result may be converted back into time-domain, e.g., using an IFFT. Frequency-domain processing may be understood to be typically much more efficient, that is, it may require fewer operations, than time-domain processing. The relation between output and input of the frequency-domain filter may not be described by a linear convolution but by a periodic / cyclic convolution. If the receiver FFT spans a time duration so that the linear convolution of transmitted first radio signal and wireless channel impulse response fits into this time duration, linear convolution, as performed by the channel, and circular convolution, as performed by a frequency-domain filter, may be understood to be identical. After the FFT, it may be understood to be desirable to have a signal that may represent how the signal looks at the output of the wireless channel, that is, linear convolution. However, normally, without CP or the method described herein, the FFT output may be understood to correspond to a cyclic / periodic convolution and not linear convolution, that is, the FFT output may not exactly describe the effect that the wireless channel had on the transmitted signal. But may be understood to be desirable for them to be the same, since may be understood to be desirable to investigate the effect that the wireless channel may have had on the transmitted signal, e.g., the channel delayed the signal by 1 μs, which may indicate the distance of the target.
[0116] The FFT may need to span at least a time duration equal to the sum of transmitted sensing signal CP duration, transmitted sensing signal without CP, and maximum (relevant) support of wireless channel impulse response. An FFT spanning the time duration from start of communication CP to end of communication symbol may be used. The frequency-domain matched filter may in this case be the FFT, of the chosen FFT length, of transmitted sensing signal, including sensing CP.
[0117] Since the CP may be understood to not be needed to convert the linear convolution into a circular convoluting, a transmitted sensing signal without CP may be used. This may increase the maximum sensing range by the CP duration, if the FFT size is maintained and not reduced by the CP length. Alternatively, the CP may be replaced by a guard period and, for the FFT, the communication FFT size may be used. The maximum sensing range may now be determined by the communication OFDM symbol duration, excluding the CP, minus the time duration of the transmitted sensing signal. The advantage may be understood to be that the sensing receiver FFT size may be the same as the communication receiver FFT size, and the RX window for sensing may be aligned with the RX window for communication. That is, the same FFT may be used for communication and sensing, assuming sensing and communication occur simultaneously but at different frequencies, probably separated by a guard band due to different numerologies. Using the guard interval (GI) may make it easier for a “normal” OFDM transmitter to generate the first radio signal with GI, instead of the CP. It may also enable reusing the communication FFT and FFT window placement.
[0118] In accordance with the foregoing, the determining in this Action 202 of the first subcarrier spacing may comprise further determining at least one of: a) that the first radio signal is to be devoid of a cyclic prefix, and b) that the cyclic prefix of the first radio signal is to be replaced by a guard period.
[0119] By the first network node 111 determining the first subcarrier spacing of the first radio signal based on the determined sensing range in this Action 202, the first network node 111 may be understood to enable to extend the maximum range of sensing, still with OFDM, that is, in a manner that may be integrated into an OFDM communication system, which may be understood to be easier to operate compared to using a different waveform. As SCS for sensing may be understood to be selected adaptively, that is, based on the determined range, the chosen SCS may have a good balance between the maximum range and the energy of the received sensing signal.
[0120] Action 203
[0121] In this Action 203, the first network node 111 outputs a first indication indicating the determined first subcarrier spacing.
[0122] In some embodiments, the outputting in this Action 203 of the first indication may comprise at least one of: a) providing the first indication to at least one node 112, 113, 131, 132 operating in the wireless communications network 100, the node 112, 113, 131, 132 being one of: the second network node 112 transmitting the first radio signal, the another network node 113, the first device 131 and the second device 132, and b) initiating transmission of the first radio signal.
[0123] The first indication may be, for example, a sensing request with the sensing parameters calculated in Action 201 and Action 202 to the transmitter and receiver. The first radio network node 111 may therefore inform the sensing parameters, that is, the numerology, to e.g., the sensing Tx and Rx. The first network node 111 may then wait for a success indication from the transmitter and the receiver.
[0124] For bi-static and / or multi-static sensing, such numerology information and / or configuration may be dynamically transmitted from Tx to Rx over a communication channel and / or signal, e.g., DCI or MAC-CE, or semi-statically, via RRC signalling. In some embodiments, the first indication may be provided via at least one of an air interface and a wired interface.
[0125] As a non-limiting example of the outputting in this Action 203 via the wired interface, the first indication may be carried in inter gNB Xn signalling in case the sensing Tx and Rx may be all gNBs.
[0126] As a non-limiting example of the outputting in this Action 203 via the air interface, the first indication may be carried in air interface signalling e.g., via MAC CE or DCI or RRC, in case at least one of the sensing nodes, e.g., TRX or RX, may be UE.
[0127] In embodiments wherein the determining in Action 202 of the first subcarrier spacing may comprise further determining at least one of: a) that the first radio signal is to be devoid of a cyclic prefix, and b) that the cyclic prefix of the first radio signal is to be replaced by a guard period, the first indication may further indicate a result of the further determination.
[0128] By outputting the first indication indicating the determined first subcarrier spacing in this Action 203, the first network node 111 may then enable the transmitter to send the sensing impulse and the receiver to listen to the sensing impulse received from the environment according to the determined SCS, which may enable to extend the sensing range, e.g., still with OFDM. By the SCS having been determined based on the determined sensing range, the maximum sensing range may be extended adaptively, enabling to keep a good balance between the maximum range and the energy for the received sensing signal. The first network node 111 may then enable a sensing processing function managed by the node 112, 113, 131, 132 to use the received signal to extract information about the propagation delay, strength and doppler to perform environment sensing.
[0129] Embodiments of a method, performed by the node 112, 113, 131, 132, will now be described with reference to the flowchart depicted in Figure 3. The method may be understood to be computer-implemented. The method is for handling an SCS. The node 112, 113, 131, 132 operates in the wireless communications network 100.
[0130] Several embodiments are comprised herein. In some embodiments all the actions may be performed. In some embodiments, some embodiments of the actions may be optional. It should be noted that the examples herein are not mutually exclusive. Components from one embodiment may be tacitly assumed to be present in another embodiment and it will be obvious to a person skilled in the art how those components may be used in the other exemplary embodiments. One or more embodiments may be combined, where applicable. All possible combinations are not described to simplify the description. The detailed description of some of the following corresponds to the same references provided above, in relation to the actions described for the first network node 111, and will thus not be repeated here. For example, the first indication may be a sensing request.
[0131] Action 301
[0132] In this Action 301, the node 112, 113, 131, 132 receives the first indication from the first network node 111 operating in the wireless communications network 100. The first indication indicates the first subcarrier spacing of the first radio signal to be transmitted for the sensing procedure to be performed in the wireless communications network 100. The first subcarrier spacing is higher than the second subcarrier spacing of the second radio signal used for communication.
[0133] In some embodiments, the first indication may further indicate at least one of: a) that the first radio signal is to be devoid of a cyclic prefix, and b) that the cyclic prefix of the first radio signal is replaced by the guard period.
[0134] In some embodiments, at least one of the following may apply: a) the subcarrier spacing may be an OFDM subcarrier spacing, b) the sensing procedure may be the integrated sensing and communication procedure, c) the node 112, 113, 131, 132 may be one of the second network node 112 transmitting the first radio signal, the another network node 113 not transmitting the first radio signal, the first device 131 transmitting the first radio signal or the second device 132 not transmitting the first radio signal, d) the second radio signal may be to be transmitted by at least one of: the second network node 112 and the first device 131, e) the received radio signals resulting from transmission of the first radio signal may be to be received by at least one of the second network node 112, the third network node 113, the first device 131 and the second device 132, and f) the first indication may be received via at least one of the air interface and the wired interface.
[0135] Action 302
[0136] In this Action 302, the node 112, 113, 131, 132 initiates transmission of the first radio signal, or reception of received radio signals resulting from transmission of the first radio signal, based on the indicated first subcarrier spacing.
[0137] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram illustrating the impact of CP length selection. Particularly, Figure 4 illustrates the reason why CP length may limit the maximum range of sensing. Figure 4 particularly depicts a normal, that is, legacy, OFDM signal transmitted by a TX, the OFDM signal comprising a CP and symbol. The horizontal axis indicates time, and the vertical axis indicates frequency. Figure 4 depicts the normal OFDM signal, with respect to a FFT window of a RX, under three different scenarios depicted in panels a) , b) and c) , respectively. Taking mono-static sensing as an example, the RX FFT window, represented in the Figure by the vertical dashed lines, assuming TX and RX are synchronized / aligned, may be understood to be distinct for each RX OFDM signal and in panel a) may be aligned with the TX time in order to prevent introducing numerous Rx FFT windows for a single OFDM symbol, which may be understood to have a high computation complexity. Panel a) depicts the transmitted signal comprising CP and symbol. Panels b) and c) depict the received signals. In panel b) , the target has a propagation delay TX->target->RX that is shorter than the CP. Therefore, its reflection may be understood to arrive before the CP ends. As depicted in panel b) , when the round-trip delay to the sensed object is shorter than CP, the signal in the Rx FFT window may still be periodic / integral due to the effect of CP. In panel c) , the target has a propagation delay TX->target->RX that is larger than the CP. The received signal is depicted shifted to the right since the received signals may be understood to be delayed relative to the transmitted signal by the propagation time TX->target->RX. As depicted in panel c) , in one RX FFT window case, when the round-trip delay to the sensed object is longer than CP, the whole sensing echo signal may be understood to not be within the FFT window, making it more difficult to do signal processing.
[0138] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram illustrating that an object that may be beyond the maximum range using the SCS of the second radio signal, that is, the communication SCS, may now be sensed by using a higher SCS for the transmitted sensing signal. The maximum range that may be extended may be understood to depend on the SCS used for the communication signal and the SCS used for the transmitted sensing signal. The horizontal axis indicates time, and the vertical axis indicates frequency in all panels. Taking mono-static sensing as an example, the RX FFT window is represented in the Figure by the vertical dashed lines. All panels depict an OFDM signal comprising a CP and symbol. Panels a) and b) , depict the sensing OFDM signal using, respectively, the same SCS as the communication signal, and a higher SCS than the communication signal at the transmitter. Panels c) and d) , depict the received sensing echo OFDM signal using, respectively, the same SCS as the communication signal, and a higher SCS than the communication signal at the receiver. As may be appreciated in panels b) and d) , using the higher SCS shortens the duration of the OFDM signal, both of the CP and of the symbol. As may be appreciated in panels c) and d) a large delay in the round-trip to the sensed object may result in the whole sensing echo signal not being within the RX FFT window when the communication SCS is used. However, this is overcome in panel d) by using a higher SCS than that used for the communication signal, since when the round-trip delay to the sensed object is longer than the CP, the whole sensing echo signal may now still be within the RX FFT window. With reference to Figure 5, the FFT window may be understood to need to span at least a time duration equal to the sum of the sensing CP duration, the transmitted sensing signal without CP, and the maximum relevant support of the wireless channel impulse response. In Figure 5, an FFT spanning the time duration from the start of communication CP to the end of the communication symbol may be used. The frequency-domain matched filter may in this case be the FFT, of the chosen FFT length, of the transmitted sensing signal, including the sensing CP.
[0139] Figure 6 is another schematic diagram illustrating examples of embodiments herein wherein the first radio signal may lack a CP, or wherein the CP may be replaced by a GI. The description of the elements depicted in panels a) , b) , c) and d) corresponds to that provided in relation to Figure 5, with the difference that Figure 6 b) depicts the transmitted OFDM signal wherein the CP has been replaced with a GI, and Figure 6 d) depicts the received OFDM signal, wherein the CP has been replaced with a GI.
[0140] Figure 7 is a signalling diagram illustrating a non-limiting example of a method for sensing processing, performed in the wireless communications network 100, according to embodiments herein. The whole JSAC signal generation and detection procedure may be understood to be illustrated in Figure 7. In Figure 7, the first network node 111 manages a sensing management function, the second network node 112 is a TX / RX, the one or more objects 116 are depicted as the environment, and the third network node 113 is a node managing a sensing processing function. At 1, once the first network node 111 managing the sensing management function may get a sensing task, it may first select the proper transmitter and receiver sites according to geometry information of the site and the target sensing area. Then, the first network node 111 managing the sensing management function may check the transmitter and / or receiver gNB resource to assure the available sensing resource. At 2, the first network node 111 managing the sensing management function may, according to Action 201, select the proper maximum sensing range according to the expected location of the one or more sensing objects 116. With the help of the maximum sensing range, the first network node 111 managing the sensing management function may, according to Action 202, calculate the right SCS to use. At 3, the first network node 111 managing the sensing management function may then, according to Action 203 and Action 301, send out the first indication as a sensing request with sensing parameter calculated in step 2 to the transmitter and receiver and wait for the success indication from transmitter and receiver. The sensing request may be carried in inter gNB Xn signalling in case the sensing TRX are all gNB. The sensing request may be carried in air interface signalling via MAC CE or DCI or RRC in case at least one of the sensing TRX are UE. At 4, the transmitter and receiver may, according to Action 302, send out and listen the first radio signal, that is, the sensing impulse, to the environment. The third network node 113 managing the sensing processing function may use the received signal to extract information about propagation delay, strength and doppler to perform environment sensing.
[0141] Certain embodiments herein may provide one or more of the following technical advantage (s) . Embodiments herein may be understood to enable to extend the maximum range of sensing, still with OFDM, which be understood to be easier to operate, compared to using another waveform at transmitter or receiver. As SCS for sensing may be understood to be selected adaptively, the chosen SCS may have a good balance between the maximum range and the energy for received sensing signal.
[0142] Figure 8 depicts an example of the arrangement that the first network node 111 may comprise to perform the method described in Figure 2, Figure 5, Figure 6 and / or Figure 7. The first network node 111 may be understood to be for handling the SCS. The first network node 111 is configured to operate in the wireless communications network 100.
[0143] Several embodiments are comprised herein. It should be noted that the examples herein are not mutually exclusive. One or more embodiments may be combined, where applicable. All possible combinations are not described to simplify the description. Components from one embodiment may be tacitly assumed to be present in another embodiment and it will be obvious to a person skilled in the art how those components may be used in the other exemplary embodiments. The detailed description of some of the following corresponds to the same references provided above, in relation to the actions described for the first network node 111, and will thus not be repeated here. For example, the first indication may be configured to be a sensing request.
[0144] The first network node 111 is configured to determine the sensing range of the sensing procedure to be performed in the wireless communications network 100. The sensing procedure is configured to be performed using transmission of the first radio signal.
[0145] The first network node 111 is also configured to determine the first subcarrier spacing of the first radio signal based on the sensing range configured to be determined. The first subcarrier spacing of the first radio signal configured to be determined is configured to be higher than the second subcarrier spacing of the second radio signal configured to be used for communication.
[0146] The first network node 111 is further configured to output the first indication configured to indicate the first subcarrier spacing configured to be determined.
[0147] In some embodiments, the determining of the first subcarrier spacing may be configured to comprise further determining at least one of: a) that the first radio signal is to be devoid of the cyclic prefix, and b) that the cyclic prefix of the first radio signal is to be replaced by the guard period. The first indication may be further configured to indicate the result of the further determination.
[0148] In some embodiments, the determining of the first subcarrier spacing may be configured to be further based on the target sensitivity of the sensing procedure.
[0149] In some embodiments, the determining of the first subcarrier spacing may be configured to be based on at least one of: a) selecting the smallest subcarrier spacing that maximizes the sensing range over the sensing range of the sensing procedure configured to be determined, b) selecting the smallest subcarrier spacing that meets, or exceeds, the sensing range of the sensing procedure configured to be determined, c) maximizing the sensing range over the sensing range of the sensing procedure configured to be determined while ensuring that an estimated signal to noise ratio during the sensing procedure exceeds the first threshold, and d) ensuring that received radio signals resulting from transmission of the first radio signal are received in the first time window aligned with the second time window for reception of the second radio signal.
[0150] In some embodiments, at least one of the following may apply: a) the subcarrier spacing may be configured to be the OFDM subcarrier spacing, b) the sensing procedure may be configured to be the integrated sensing and communication procedure, c) the first radio signal may be configured to be to be transmitted by at least one of: the second network node 112 configured to operate in the wireless communications network 100 and the first device 131 configured to operate in the wireless communications network 100, d) the received radio signals resulting from transmission of the first radio signal may be configured to be received by at least one of the second network node 112 configured to transmit the first radio signal, the another network node 113 configured to not transmit the first radio signal, the first device 131 and the second device 132 configured to operate in the wireless communications network 100 and configured to not transmit the first radio signal, e) the first indication may be configured to be provided via at least one of the air interface and the wired interface, f) the sensing range configured to be determined may be configured to be the maximum sensing range, and g) the determining of the sensing range may be configured to be based on the one or more characteristics of at least one of: i) the second radio signal, ii) the one or more objects 116 to sense, iii) the first device 131 and iv) the second network node 112.
[0151] In some embodiments, the outputting of the first indication may be configured to comprise at least one of: a) providing the first indication to at least one node 112, 113, 131, 132 configured to operate in a wireless communications network 100, the node 112, 113, 131, 132 being configured to be one of: the second network node 112 configured to transmit the first radio signal, the another network node 113, the first device 131 and the second device 132, and b) initiate transmission of the first radio signal.
[0152] The embodiments herein in the first network node 111 may be implemented through one or more processors, such as a processing circuitry 801 in the first network node 111 depicted in Figure 8, together with computer program code for performing the functions and actions of the embodiments herein. A processor, as used herein, may be understood to be a hardware component. The program code mentioned above may also be provided as a computer program product, for instance in the form of a data carrier carrying computer program code for performing the embodiments herein when being loaded into the first network node 111. One such carrier may be in the form of a CD ROM disc. It is however feasible with other data carriers such as a memory stick. The computer program code may furthermore be provided as pure program code on a server and downloaded to the first network node 111.
[0153] The first network node 111 may further comprise a memory 802 comprising one or more memory units. The memory 802 is arranged to be used to store obtained information, store data, configurations, schedulings, and applications etc. to perform the methods herein when being executed in the first network node 111.
[0154] In some embodiments, the first network node 111 may receive information from, e.g., the node 112, 113, 131, 132, the second network node 112, the another network node 113, the first device 131, the second device 132, the one or more objects 116 and / or another structure in the wireless communications network 100, through a receiving port 803. In some embodiments, the receiving port 803 may be, for example, connected to one or more antennas in first network node 111. In other embodiments, the first network node 111 may receive information from another structure in the communications network 100 through the receiving port 803. Since the receiving port 803 may be in communication with the processing circuitry 801, the receiving port 803 may then send the received information to the processing circuitry 801. The receiving port 803 may also be configured to receive other information.
[0155] The processing circuitry 801 in the first network node 111 may be further configured to transmit or send information to e.g., the node 112, 113, 131, 132, the second network node 112, the another network node 113, the first device 131, the second device 132, the one or more objects 116 and / or another structure in the wireless communications network 100, through a sending port 804, which may be in communication with the processing circuitry 801, and the memory 802.
[0156] Those skilled in the art will also appreciate that the units comprised within the first network node 111 described above as being configured to perform different actions, may refer to a combination of analog and digital circuits, and / or one or more processors configured with software and / or firmware, e.g., stored in memory, that, when executed by the one or more processors such as the processing circuitry 801, perform as described above. One or more of these processors, as well as the other digital hardware, may be included in a single Application-Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC) , or several processors and various digital hardware may be distributed among several separate components, whether individually packaged or assembled into a System-on-a-Chip (SoC) .
[0157] The first network node 111 may be configured to perform any of the Actions described in relation to Figure 2, Figure 5, Figure 6 and / or Figure 7, e.g., by means of the processing circuitry 801 within the first network node 111, configured to perform any of such actions.
[0158] Also, in some embodiments, different units comprised within the first network node 111 may be configured to perform the different actions described above, implemented as one or more applications running on one or more processors such as the processing circuitry 801.
[0159] Thus, the methods according to the embodiments described herein for the first network node 111 may be respectively implemented by means of a computer program 805 product, comprising instructions, i.e., software code portions, which, when executed on at least one processing circuitry 801, cause the at least one processing circuitry 801 to carry out the actions described herein, as performed by the first network node 111. The computer program 805 product may be stored on a computer-readable storage medium 806. The computer-readable storage medium 806, having stored thereon the computer program 805, may comprise instructions which, when executed on at least one processing circuitry 801, cause the at least one processing circuitry 801 to carry out the actions described herein, as performed by the first network node 111. In some embodiments, the computer-readable storage medium 806 may be a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium, such as a CD ROM disc, or a memory stick. In other embodiments, the computer program 805 product may be stored on a carrier containing the computer program 805 just described, wherein the carrier is one of an electronic signal, optical signal, radio signal, or the computer-readable storage medium 806, as described above.
[0160] The first network node 111 may comprise a communication interface configured to facilitate, or an interface unit to facilitate, communications between the first network node 111 and other nodes or devices, e.g., the node 112, 113, 131, 132, the second network node 112, the another network node 113, the first device 131, the second device 132, the one or more objects 116 and / or another structure in the wireless communications network 100. The interface may, for example, include a transceiver configured to transmit and receive radio signals over an air interface in accordance with a suitable standard.
[0161] In other embodiments, the first network node 111 may comprise a radio circuitry 807, which may comprise e.g., the receiving port 803 and the sending port 804.
[0162] The radio circuitry 807 may be configured to set up and maintain at least a wireless connection with any of the node 112, 113, 131, 132, the second network node 112, the another network node 113, the first device 131, the second device 132, the one or more objects 116 and / or another structure in the wireless communications network 100. Circuitry may be understood herein as a hardware component.
[0163] Hence, embodiments herein also relate to the first network node 111 operative to operate in the communications network 100. The first network node 111 may comprise the processing circuitry 801 and the memory 802, said memory 802 containing instructions executable by said processing circuitry 801, whereby the first network node 111 is further operative to perform the actions described herein in relation to the first network node 111, e.g., in Figure 2, Figure 5, Figure 6 and / or Figure 7.
[0164] Figure 9 depicts an example of the arrangement that the node 112, 113, 131, 132 may comprise to perform the method described in Figure 3, Figure 5, Figure 6 and / or Figure 7. The node 112, 113, 131, 132 may be understood to be for handling the SCS. The node 112, 113, 131, 132 is configured to operate in the wireless communications network 100.
[0165] Several embodiments are comprised herein. It should be noted that the examples herein are not mutually exclusive. One or more embodiments may be combined, where applicable. All possible combinations are not described to simplify the description. Components from one embodiment may be tacitly assumed to be present in another embodiment and it will be obvious to a person skilled in the art how those components may be used in the other exemplary embodiments. The detailed description of some of the following corresponds to the same references provided above, in relation to the actions described for the first network node 111, and will thus not be repeated here. For example, the first indication may be configured to be a sensing request.
[0166] The node 112, 113, 131, 132 is configured to receive the first indication from the first network node 111 configured to operate in the wireless communications network 100. The first indication is configured to indicate the first subcarrier spacing of the first radio signal to be transmitted for the sensing procedure to be performed in the wireless communications network 100. The first subcarrier spacing is configured to be higher than the second subcarrier spacing of the second radio signal configured to be used for communication.
[0167] The node 112, 113, 131, 132 is also configured to initiate transmission of the first radio signal, or reception of the received radio signals resulting from transmission of the first radio signal, based on the first subcarrier spacing configured to be indicated.
[0168] In some embodiments, the first indication may be configured to further indicate at least one of: a) that the first radio signal is to be devoid of the cyclic prefix, and b) that the cyclic prefix of the first radio signal is to be replaced by the guard period.
[0169] In some embodiments, at least one of the following may apply: a) the subcarrier spacing may be configured to be the OFDM subcarrier spacing, b) the sensing procedure may be configured to be the integrated sensing and communication procedure, c) the node 112, 113, 131, 132 may be configured to be one of the second network node 112 configured to transmit the first radio signal, the another network node 113 configured to not transmit the first radio signal, the first device 131 configured to transmit the first radio signal or the second device 132 configured to not transmit the first radio signal, d) the second radio signal may be configured to be transmitted by at least one of: the second network node 112 and the first device 131, e) the received radio signals resulting from transmission of the first radio signal may be configured to be received by at least one of the second network node 112, the another network node 113, and the first device 131, f) the first indication may be configured to be receive via at least one of the air interface and the wired interface.
[0170] The embodiments herein in the node 112, 113, 131, 132 may be implemented through one or more processors, such as a processing circuitry 901 in the node 112, 113, 131, 132 depicted in Figure 9, together with computer program code for performing the functions and actions of the embodiments herein. A processor, as used herein, may be understood to be a hardware component. The program code mentioned above may also be provided as a computer program product, for instance in the form of a data carrier carrying computer program code for performing the embodiments herein when being loaded into the node 112, 113, 131, 132. One such carrier may be in the form of a CD ROM disc. It is however feasible with other data carriers such as a memory stick. The computer program code may furthermore be provided as pure program code on a server and downloaded to the node 112, 113, 131, 132.
[0171] The node 112, 113, 131, 132 may further comprise a memory 902 comprising one or more memory units. The memory 902 is arranged to be used to store obtained information, store data, configurations, schedulings, and applications etc. to perform the methods herein when being executed in the node 112, 113, 131, 132.
[0172] In some embodiments, the node 112, 113, 131, 132 may receive information from, e.g., the first network node 111, the second network node 112, the another network node 113, the first device 131, the second device 132, the one or more objects 116 and / or another structure in the wireless communications network 100, through a receiving port 903. In some embodiments, the receiving port 903 may be, for example, connected to one or more antennas in node 112, 113, 131, 132. In other embodiments, the node 112, 113, 131, 132 may receive information from another structure in the communications network 100 through the receiving port 903. Since the receiving port 903 may be in communication with the processing circuitry 901, the receiving port 903 may then send the received information to the processing circuitry 901. The receiving port 903 may also be configured to receive other information.
[0173] The processing circuitry 901 in the node 112, 113, 131, 132 may be further configured to transmit or send information to e.g., the first network node 111, the second network node 112, the another network node 113, the first device 131, the second device 132, the one or more objects 116 and / or another structure in the wireless communications network 100, through a sending port 904, which may be in communication with the processing circuitry 901, and the memory 902.
[0174] Those skilled in the art will also appreciate that the units comprised within the node 112, 113, 131, 132 described above as being configured to perform different actions, may refer to a combination of analog and digital circuits, and / or one or more processors configured with software and / or firmware, e.g., stored in memory, that, when executed by the one or more processors such as the processing circuitry 901, perform as described above. One or more of these processors, as well as the other digital hardware, may be included in a single Application-Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC) , or several processors and various digital hardware may be distributed among several separate components, whether individually packaged or assembled into a System-on-a-Chip (SoC) .
[0175] The node 112, 113, 131, 132 may be configured to perform any of the Actions described in relation to Figure 3, Figure 5, Figure 6 and / or Figure 7, e.g., by means of the processing circuitry 901 within the node 112, 113, 131, 132, configured to perform any of such actions.
[0176] Also, in some embodiments, different units comprised within the node 112, 113, 131, 132 may be configured to perform the different actions described above, implemented as one or more applications running on one or more processors such as the processing circuitry 901.
[0177] Thus, the methods according to the embodiments described herein for the node 112, 113, 131, 132 may be respectively implemented by means of a computer program 905 product, comprising instructions, i.e., software code portions, which, when executed on at least one processing circuitry 901, cause the at least one processing circuitry 901 to carry out the actions described herein, as performed by the node 112, 113, 131, 132. The computer program 905 product may be stored on a computer-readable storage medium 906. The computer-readable storage medium 906, having stored thereon the computer program 905, may comprise instructions which, when executed on at least one processing circuitry 901, cause the at least one processing circuitry 901 to carry out the actions described herein, as performed by the node 112, 113, 131, 132. In some embodiments, the computer-readable storage medium 906 may be a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium, such as a CD ROM disc, or a memory stick. In other embodiments, the computer program 905 product may be stored on a carrier containing the computer program 905 just described, wherein the carrier is one of an electronic signal, optical signal, radio signal, or the computer-readable storage medium 906, as described above.
[0178] The node 112, 113, 131, 132 may comprise a communication interface configured to facilitate, or an interface unit to facilitate, communications between the node 112, 113, 131, 132 and other nodes or devices, e.g., the first network node 111, the second network node 112, the another network node 113, the first device 131, the second device 132, the one or more objects 116 and / or another structure in the wireless communications network 100. The interface may, for example, include a transceiver configured to transmit and receive radio signals over an air interface in accordance with a suitable standard.
[0179] In other embodiments, the node 112, 113, 131, 132 may comprise a radio circuitry 907, which may comprise e.g., the receiving port 903 and the sending port 904.
[0180] The radio circuitry 907 may be configured to set up and maintain at least a wireless connection with the first network node 111, the second network node 112, the another network node 113, the first device 131, the second device 132, the one or more objects 116 and / or another structure in the wireless communications network 100. Circuitry may be understood herein as a hardware component.
[0181] Hence, embodiments herein also relate to the node 112, 113, 131, 132 operative to operate in the communications network 100. The node 112, 113, 131, 132 may comprise the processing circuitry 901 and the memory 902, said memory 902 containing instructions executable by said processing circuitry 901, whereby the node 112, 113, 131, 132 is further operative to perform the actions described herein in relation to the node 112, 113, 131, 132, e.g., in Figure 3, Figure 5, Figure 6 and / or Figure 7.
[0182] When using the word "comprise" or “comprising” , it shall be interpreted as non-limiting, i.e., meaning "consist at least of" .
[0183] The embodiments herein are not limited to the above-described preferred embodiments. Various alternatives, modifications and equivalents may be used. Therefore, the above embodiments should not be taken as limiting the scope of the invention.
[0184] Generally, all terms used herein are to be interpreted according to their ordinary meaning in the relevant technical field, unless a different meaning is clearly given and / or is implied from the context in which it is used. All references to a / an / the element, apparatus, component, means, step, etc. are to be interpreted openly as referring to at least one instance of the element, apparatus, component, means, step, etc., unless explicitly stated otherwise. The steps of any methods disclosed herein do not have to be performed in the exact order disclosed, unless a step is explicitly described as following or preceding another step and / or where it is implicit that a step must follow or precede another step. Any feature of any of the embodiments disclosed herein may be applied to any other embodiment, wherever appropriate. Likewise, any advantage of any of the embodiments may apply to any other embodiments, and vice versa. Other objectives, features and advantages of the enclosed embodiments will be apparent from the following description.
[0185] As used herein, the expression “at least one of: ” followed by a list of alternatives separated by commas, and wherein the last alternative is preceded by the “and” term, may be understood to mean that only one of the list of alternatives may apply, more than one of the list of alternatives may apply or all of the list of alternatives may apply. This expression may be understood to be equivalent to the expression “at least one of: ” followed by a list of alternatives separated by commas, and wherein the last alternative is preceded by the “or” term.
[0186] Any of the terms processor and circuitry may be understood herein as a hardware component.
[0187] As used herein, the expression “in some embodiments” has been used to indicate that the features of the embodiment described may be combined with any other embodiment or example disclosed herein.
[0188] As used herein, the expression “in some examples” has been used to indicate that the features of the example described may be combined with any other embodiment or example disclosed herein.
Claims
1.A method, performed by a first network node (111) operating in a wireless communications network (100) , the method comprising:- determining (201) a sensing range of a sensing procedure to be performed in the wireless communications network (100) , wherein the sensing procedure is performed using transmission of a first radio signal,- determining (202) a first subcarrier spacing of the first radio signal based on the determined sensing range, wherein the determined first subcarrier spacing of the first radio signal is higher than a second subcarrier spacing of a second radio signal used for communication, and- outputting (203) a first indication indicating the determined first subcarrier spacing.2.The method according to claim 1, wherein the determining (202) of the first subcarrier spacing comprises further determining at least one of:a. that the first radio signal is to be devoid of a cyclic prefix, andb. that the cyclic prefix of the first radio signal is to be replaced by a guard period, and wherein the first indication further indicates a result of the further determination.3.The method according to any of claims 1-2, wherein the determining (202) of the first subcarrier spacing is further based on a target sensitivity of the sensing procedure.4.The method according to claim 3, wherein the determining (202) of the first subcarrier spacing is based on at least one of:a. selecting the smallest subcarrier spacing that maximizes the sensing range over the determined sensing range of the sensing procedure,b. selecting the smallest subcarrier spacing that meets, or exceeds, the determined sensing range of the sensing procedure,c. maximizing the sensing range over the determined sensing range of the sensing procedure while ensuring that an estimated signal to noise ratio during the sensing procedure exceeds a first threshold, andd. ensuring that received radio signals resulting from transmission of the first radio signal are received in a first time window aligned with a second time window for reception of the second radio signal.5.The method according to claim 4, wherein at least one of:- the subcarrier spacing is an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing subcarrier spacing,- the sensing procedure is an integrated sensing and communication procedure,- the first radio signal is to be transmitted by at least one of: a second network node (112) operating in the wireless communications network (100) and a first device (131) operating in the wireless communications network (100) ,- the received radio signals resulting from transmission of the first radio signal are to be received by at least one of the second network node (112) transmitting the first radio signal, another network node (113) not transmitting the first radio signal, the first device (131) transmitting the first radio signal and a second device (132) operating in the wireless communications network (100) and not transmitting the first radio signal,- the first indication is provided via at least one of an air interface and a wired interface,- the determined sensing range is a maximum sensing range, and- the determining (201) of the sensing range is based on one or more characteristics of at least one of:i. the second radio signal,ii. one or more objects (116) to sense,iii. the first device (131) , andiv. the second network node (112) .6.The method according to claim 5, wherein the outputting (203) of the first indication comprises at least one of:- providing the first indication to at least one node (112, 113, 131, 132) operating in a wireless communications network (100) , the node (112, 113, 131, 132) being one of: the second network node (112) transmitting the first radio signal, the another network node (113) , the first device (131) and the second device (132) , and- initiating transmission of the first radio signal.7.A method, performed by a node (112, 113, 131, 132) operating in a wireless communications network (100) , the method comprising:- receiving (301) a first indication from a first network node (111) operating in the wireless communications network (100) , the first indication indicating a first subcarrier spacing of a first radio signal to be transmitted for a sensing procedure to be performed in the wireless communications network (100) , wherein the first subcarrier spacing is higher than a second subcarrier spacing of a second radio signal used for communication, and- initiating (302) transmission of the first radio signal, or reception of received radio signals resulting from transmission of the first radio signal, based on the indicated first subcarrier spacing.8.The method according to claim 6, wherein the first indication further indicates at least one of:a. that the first radio signal is to be devoid of a cyclic prefix, andb. that the cyclic prefix of the first radio signal is replaced by a guard period.9.The method according to any of claims 6-7, wherein at least one of:- the subcarrier spacing is an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing subcarrier spacing,- the sensing procedure is an integrated sensing and communication procedure,- the node (112, 113, 131, 132) is one of a second network node (112) transmitting the first radio signal, another network node (113) not transmitting the first radio signal, a first device (131) transmitting the first radio signal or a second device (132) not transmitting the first radio signal,- the second radio signal is to be transmitted by at least one of: the second network node (112) and the first device (131) ,- the received radio signals resulting from transmission of the first radio signal are to be received by at least one of the second network node (112) , the third network node (113) , the first device (131) and the second device (132) , and- the first indication is received via at least one of an air interface and a wired interface.10.A first network node (111) configured to operate in a wireless communications network (100) , the first network node (111) being further configured to:- determine a sensing range of a sensing procedure to be performed in the wireless communications network (100) , wherein the sensing procedure is configured to be performed using transmission of a first radio signal,- determine a first subcarrier spacing of the first radio signal based on the sensing range configured to be determined, wherein the first subcarrier spacing of the first radio signal configured to be determined is configured to be higher than a second subcarrier spacing of a second radio signal configured to be used for communication, and- output a first indication configured to indicate the first subcarrier spacing configured to be determined.11.The first network node (111) according to claim 10, wherein the determining of the first subcarrier spacing is configured to comprise further determining at least one of:a. that the first radio signal is to be devoid of a cyclic prefix, andb. that the cyclic prefix of the first radio signal is to be replaced by a guard period, and wherein the first indication is further configured to indicate a result of the further determination.12.The first network node (111) according to any of claims 10-11, wherein the determining of the first subcarrier spacing is configured to be further based on a target sensitivity of the sensing procedure.13.The first network node (111) according to claim 12, wherein the determining of the first subcarrier spacing is configured to be based on at least one of:a. selecting the smallest subcarrier spacing that maximizes the sensing range over the sensing range of the sensing procedure configured to be determined,b. selecting the smallest subcarrier spacing that meets, or exceeds, the sensing range of the sensing procedure configured to be determined,c. maximizing the sensing range over the sensing range of the sensing procedure configured to be determined while ensuring that an estimated signal to noise ratio during the sensing procedure exceeds a first threshold, andd. ensuring that received radio signals resulting from transmission of the first radio signal are received in a first time window aligned with a second time window for reception of the second radio signal.14.The first network node (111) according to claim 13, wherein at least one of:- the subcarrier spacing is configured to be an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing subcarrier spacing,- the sensing procedure is configured to be an integrated sensing and communication procedure,- the first radio signal is configured to be transmitted by at least one of: a second network node (112) configured to operate in the wireless communications network (100) and a first device (131) configured to operate in the wireless communications network (100) ,- the received radio signals resulting from transmission of the first radio signal are configured to be received by at least one of the second network node (112) configured to transmit the first radio signal, another network node (113) configured to not transmit the first radio signal, the first device (131) , and a second device (132) configured to operate in the wireless communications network (100) and configured to not transmit the first radio signal,- the first indication is configured to be provided via at least one of an air interface and a wired interface,- the sensing range configured to be determined is configured to be a maximum sensing range, and- the determining of the sensing range is configured to be based on one or more characteristics of at least one of:i. the second radio signal,ii. one or more objects (116) to sense,iii. the first device (131) , andiv. the second network node (112) .15.The first network node (111) according to claim 14, wherein the outputting of the first indication is configured to comprise at least one of:- providing the first indication to at least one node (112, 113, 131, 132) configured to operate in a wireless communications network (100) , the node (112, 113, 131, 132) being configured to be one of: the second network node (112) configured to transmit the first radio signal, the another network node (113) , the first device (131) and the second device (132) , and- initiate transmission of the first radio signal.16.A node (112, 113, 131, 132) , configured to operate in a wireless communications network (100) , the node (112, 113, 131, 132) being further configured to:- receive a first indication from a first network node (111) configured to operate in the wireless communications network (100) , the first indication being configured to indicate a first subcarrier spacing of a first radio signal to be transmitted for a sensing procedure to be performed in the wireless communications network (100) , wherein the first subcarrier spacing is configured to be higher than a second subcarrier spacing of a second radio signal configured to be used for communication, and- initiate transmission of the first radio signal, or reception of received radio signals resulting from transmission of the first radio signal, based on the first subcarrier spacing configured to be indicated.17.The node (112, 113, 131, 132) according to claim 16, wherein the first indication is configured to further indicate at least one of:a. that the first radio signal is to be devoid of a cyclic prefix, andb. that the cyclic prefix of the first radio signal is replaced by a guard period.18.The node (112, 113, 131, 132) according to any of claims 16-17, wherein at least one of:- the subcarrier spacing is configured to be an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing subcarrier spacing,- the sensing procedure is configured to be an integrated sensing and communication procedure,- the node (112, 113, 131, 132) is configured to be one of a second network node (112) configured to transmit the first radio signal, another network node (113) configured to not transmit the first radio signal, a first device (131) configured to transmit the first radio signal or a second device (132) configured to not transmit the first radio signal,- the second radio signal is configured to be transmitted by at least one of: the second network node (112) and the first device (131) ,- the received radio signals resulting from transmission of the first radio signal are configured to be received by at least one of the second network node (112) , the third network node (113) and the first device (131) , and- the first indication is configured to be received via at least one of an air interface and a wired interface.
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