Non-stick material and preparation method therefor, non-stick coating and non-stick cooker

Abstract

Provided in the present application are a non-stick material and a preparation method therefor, a non-stick coating and a non-stick cooker. The non-stick material comprises mixed particles of a polymetallic cation titanate and an auxiliary material, wherein the auxiliary material is magnetite and titanium dioxide, or is titanium suboxide; the mixed particles have an amorphous structure; and on the basis of the total weight of the mixed particles being 100%, the weight proportion of the polymetallic cation titanate is 80% to 90%, the weight proportion of the magnetite is 0% to 10%, and the weight proportion of the titanium suboxide is 10% to 20%. On the basis of the non-stick material of the present application, it can be ensured that a cooker has good initial non-stick performance, long-lasting non-stick performance, hardness and external impact resistance.

Description

[0001] Non-stick Materials, Preparation Methods Thereof, Non-stick Coatings, and Non-stick Cookware Technical Field This application relates to the field of non-stick materials, and specifically to a non-stick material, preparation method thereof, non-stick coating, and non-stick cookware. Background Existing non-stick materials for cookware are primarily fluorine coatings, whose primary component is organic fluorine resin. While these materials offer several advantages, they also have significant drawbacks. First, organic fluorine resins have a low hardness and are easily scratched. During cooking, especially when stir-frying hard foods, the surface of the cookware is easily scratched, exposing the base material. This not only affects the aesthetics of the cookware but can also negatively impact the cooking quality. Second, due to their low hardness, organic fluorine resins are not well suited to cooking conditions such as stir-frying and stir-frying, resulting in a poor user experience. This, to a certain extent, limits their application in the high-end cookware market. To overcome these shortcomings, some cookware utilizes plasma-sprayed inorganic ceramic coatings, which improve the cookware's scratch resistance to a certain extent. However, the bonding strength between the inorganic ceramic coating and the base material is a common problem. When subjected to external forces (such as mechanical shock and thermal shock), the coating is prone to cracking and falling off, which also affects the lifespan of the cookware and cooking results. Therefore, there is a need to explore new non-stick materials that can meet the requirements for cookware properties such as initial non-stickiness, long-term non-stickiness, hardness, and resistance to external forces. Summary of the Invention Therefore, the purpose of this application is to provide a non-stick material and its preparation method, a non-stick coating, and non-stick cookware that meet the requirements for initial non-stickiness, long-term non-stickiness, hardness, and resistance to external forces. According to a first aspect of the present application, a non-stick material is provided, wherein the non-stick material comprises mixed particles of a polymetallic cation titanate and an auxiliary material, wherein the auxiliary material is magnetite and titanium suboxide, or titanium suboxide, wherein the mixed particles have an amorphous structure. Based on 100% of the total weight of the mixed particles, the weight proportion of the polymetallic cation titanate is 80%-90%, the weight proportion of the magnetite is 0%-10%, and the weight proportion of the titanium suboxide is 10%-20%. According to the non-stick material provided by the present application, the non-stick material comprises the polymetallic cation titanate, and based on its content, it can be seen that the polymetallic cation titanate is the main component of the non-stick material, belongs to a ceramic material, and has an amorphous structure. Therefore, the non-stick material can be amorphous as a whole. Because amorphous structures have lower surface energy, better hardness, chemical stability, and thermal stability than crystalline structures, using a material having an amorphous structure including the polymetallic cation titanate as the non-stick material can meet the requirements of cookware for initial non-stick properties, long-term non-stick properties, hardness, and resistance to external impact.The non-stick material also includes auxiliary materials such as magnetite and titanium dioxide. This multi-substance mixture facilitates stress release within the coating, preventing the non-stick layer from collapsing due to mechanical and thermal shock during use. Furthermore, because the non-stick material particles themselves have pores and different materials have different thermal expansion coefficients, a coating formed from this non-stick material easily forms uniform small pores during cooling, resulting in a non-stick coating with a pore structure capable of storing oil. This non-stick coating further enhances the non-stick properties of the cookware through the oil film effect. In some embodiments, the particle size of the non-stick material is 300-500 mesh. In these embodiments, the particles of the non-stick material are relatively small and uniform, thus facilitating the formation of a dense and uniform non-stick coating on the substrate surface. Furthermore, this particle size ensures proper spraying by plasma spray equipment, thereby ensuring the quality of the non-stick coating. In some embodiments, the non-stick material is black. In these embodiments, the black non-stick material does not change color after spraying, thus forming a black non-stick coating. This black non-stick coating can reduce the contrast of the burnt black discoloration during use, enhancing the user's visual experience. In some embodiments, the amorphous phase of the non-stick material accounts for 80%-98% by volume. In these embodiments, the high proportion of amorphous phase in the non-stick material results in excellent hardness, wear resistance, corrosion resistance, and toughness. Therefore, the material can maintain structural and performance stability in harsh environments such as high temperatures and chemical corrosion, thereby extending the service life of the non-stick coating.According to a second aspect of the present application, a method for preparing a non-stick material is provided, wherein the method for preparing the non-stick material comprises solid-phase sintering a block comprising raw materials of magnetite and titanium oxide to obtain a non-stick block; cooling the non-stick block, and then pulverizing to obtain a non-stick material comprising mixed particles of a polymetallic cation titanate and an auxiliary material, wherein the auxiliary material is magnetite and titanium suboxide, or titanium suboxide, wherein the mixed particles have an amorphous structure, and based on the total weight of the mixed particles being 100%, the weight proportion of the polymetallic cation titanate is 80%-90%, the weight proportion of the magnetite is 0%-10%, and the weight proportion of the titanium suboxide is 10%-20%. According to the method for preparing the non-stick material provided by the present application, the non-stick material comprises the polymetallic cation titanate, and according to its content, it can be seen that the polymetallic cation titanate is the main part of the non-stick material, belongs to a ceramic material and has an amorphous structure, so the non-stick material can be amorphous as a whole, and because the amorphous structure has lower surface energy, good hardness, and Chemical and thermal stability. Using materials with an amorphous structure, including polymetallic cation titanates, as non-stick materials can meet cookware requirements for initial non-stick properties, long-term non-stick properties, hardness, and resistance to external impact. The non-stick material also includes auxiliary materials such as magnetite and titanium dioxide. A mixture of these substances facilitates stress release within the coating, preventing the non-stick layer from collapsing due to mechanical and thermal shock during use. Furthermore, because the non-stick material particles themselves have pores and different materials have different thermal expansion coefficients, a coating formed from this non-stick material easily forms uniform small pores during cooling. This creates a porous structure capable of storing oil, further enhancing the non-stick properties of the cookware through the oil film effect. In this embodiment, based on the total weight of the raw magnetite as 100%, the main components of the raw magnetite include 90%-95% ferrosoferric oxide, 0.1%-1% silicate minerals, and the remainder being harmless metal ions. In these embodiments, the raw magnetite with the above chemical composition, through the synergistic effect of its components, provides a solid foundation for manufacturing non-stick materials for cookware with excellent performance. In some embodiments, the method for preparing the non-stick material further includes subjecting natural magnetite powder to at least acid washing and roasting to obtain the raw magnetite. In these embodiments, the acid washing and high-temperature roasting steps can remove as much harmful metal ions from the natural magnetite as possible, thereby obtaining the raw magnetite suitable for cookware according to the present application.In an embodiment, solid-phase sintering the block comprising raw magnetite and titanium oxide includes subjecting the block comprising raw magnetite and titanium oxide to a temperature of 1100°C to 1400°C for 8 to 20 hours. In these embodiments, when solid-phase sintering is performed under the above parameters, a majority of the raw magnetite reacts with the titanium oxide to form a polymetallic cation titanate (a titanate comprising at least three metal cations) having an amorphous structure suitable for use as a non-stick material for cookware. Simultaneously, under the influence of the reducing atmosphere and high temperature of solid-phase sintering, the titanium oxide loses oxygen to form titanite suboxide. Because the raw magnetite particle size is coarser than that of titanium oxide, the solid-phase reaction rate thereof is slower than that of titanium oxide. In this case, within the limits of the raw magnetite and titanium oxide amounts in the raw materials, a small amount of magnetite may remain in the final product and, together with the titanite suboxide, be uniformly dispersed among the polymetallic cation titanate particles. In some embodiments, cooling the non-stick block includes subjecting the non-stick block to air cooling at a rate of 20°C / min-50°C / min. In these embodiments, subjecting the non-stick block to this air cooling condition results in a relatively rapid cooling rate, allowing the non-stick block to quickly reach the desired temperature, helping to refine the material's grain structure and improve its mechanical and physical properties. In some embodiments, the mass ratio of the raw magnetite to titanium oxide is 2:3-2:5. In these embodiments, the mass ratio of the raw magnetite to titanium oxide is 2:3-2:5, which facilitates the formation of the non-stick material of the mixed particles described herein. In some embodiments, the particle size of the raw magnetite is 500-2000 mesh; the particle size of the titanium oxide is 1000-2000 mesh. In these embodiments, precise control of the particle size of the raw materials, magnetite and titanium oxide, optimizes the preparation process of the non-stick material, ensuring that the resulting non-stick material contains all components (e.g., polymetallic cation titanate and auxiliary materials) within an appropriate weight ratio, thereby enhancing the non-stick material's properties, such as hardness and non-stickiness. In some embodiments, the magnetite comprises a magnetic black metal oxide. In these embodiments, a black non-stick coating can be easily formed, which reduces the contrast of burnt discoloration during use and enhances the user's visual experience. According to a third aspect of the present application, a non-stick coating is provided, wherein the non-stick coating is formed by thermal spraying the non-stick material provided in the above embodiments, or by thermal spraying the non-stick material produced according to the method for preparing the non-stick material provided in the above embodiments.According to a fourth aspect of the present application, a non-stick cookware is provided, comprising a substrate and a non-stick coating according to the aforementioned embodiments formed on the substrate. In some embodiments, the surface layer of the non-stick coating is filled with grease or silicone oil. In these embodiments, the surface layer of the non-stick coating is filled with grease or silicone oil, thereby optimizing non-stick properties by forming an "oil film." Furthermore, the pores filled with grease or silicone oil can prevent erosion by corrosive media, ensuring the corrosion resistance of the coating of the non-stick cookware. The inventive concepts of the present application will be described more fully below. Natural magnetite, whose main chemical component is Fe₃(II)₄, is a natural mineral with an inverse spinel crystal structure and exhibits moderate non-stick properties. If it is to be used as a non-stick material, it must at least meet the requirements of non-stick properties and food hygiene and safety. The inventors discovered that by removing impurities from natural magnetite to obtain raw magnetite, a mixture of the raw magnetite (i.e., the impurity-removed magnetite) and titanium oxide is formed into a block, and the block is solid-phase sintered to obtain a non-stick block. The non-stick block is then cooled and pulverized to obtain a non-stick material comprising mixed particles of polymetallic cation titanate and auxiliary materials. Specifically, during the solid-phase sintering process, by controlling the solid-phase sintering temperature and time, the raw magnetite and titanium oxide particles undergo a chemical reaction to form a polymetallic cation titanate with an amorphous structure. Simultaneously, under the influence of the reducing atmosphere and high temperature of the solid-phase sintering, the titanium oxide loses some oxygen to form titanium suboxide. It should be noted that due to differences in particle size and raw material amounts, the raw magnetite may not fully participate in the reaction. Some of the raw magnetite and the resulting titanium suboxide are evenly dispersed between the polymetallic cation titanate particles, forming a non-stick block. The auxiliary materials are magnetite and titanium dioxide, or titanium dioxide. Here, the magnetite is the unreacted portion of the raw magnetite, and the titanium dioxide includes TiO2.3, TiO3.4, and TiO4.7. The titanium dioxide comprises 60%-80% TiO4.7, with the remainder being TiO3 and TiO3.4. It should be noted that this application does not impose any specific restrictions on TiO3 and TiO3.4, as their proportions have minimal impact on the overall performance of the material. According to this application, the polymetallic cation titanate forms the main component of the non-stick material and has an amorphous structure. Therefore, the non-stick material exhibits overall amorphous properties. Because amorphous structures have lower surface energy than crystalline structures, using a material including a polymetallic cation titanate with an amorphous structure as the non-stick material can achieve the goal of non-stick cooking.The non-stick material also includes auxiliary materials such as magnetite and titanium dioxide. This multi-substance mixture facilitates stress release within the coating, preventing the non-stick layer from collapsing due to mechanical and thermal shock during use. Furthermore, because the non-stick material particles themselves have pores and different materials have different thermal expansion coefficients, a coating formed from this non-stick material easily forms uniform small pores during cooling. This creates a pore structure capable of storing oil, further enhancing the non-stick properties of the cookware through the oil film effect. Furthermore, the non-stick material is a ceramic material with improved hardness and stability, ensuring scratch resistance and high-temperature resistance, and ensuring long-lasting non-stick properties. Furthermore, the inventors have discovered that by controlling the cooling rate during the cooling of the non-stick block, the atoms or molecules in the material can be prevented from forming a long-range ordered crystalline structure, freezing them into a disordered state, thereby further enhancing the non-stick material's degree of amorphization. The inventive concept of this application will be described in detail below with reference to exemplary embodiments. According to a first aspect of this application, a method for preparing a non-stick material for cookware is provided. The method includes: Step S101: solid-phase sintering a block comprising raw materials, magnetite and titanium oxide, at a high temperature to obtain a partially solid-phase sintered non-stick block. In step S102, the non-stick block is cooled and then pulverized to obtain a non-stick material comprising mixed particles of a polymetallic cation titanate and an auxiliary material, wherein the auxiliary material is magnetite and titanium suboxide, or titanium suboxide. The mixed particles have an amorphous structure. Based on the total weight of the mixed particles as 100%, the weight proportion of the polymetallic cation titanate is 80%-90%, the weight proportion of the magnetite is 0%-10%, and the weight proportion of titanium suboxide is 10%-20%. According to the preparation method of the non-stick material provided in the embodiments of the present application, during the solid-phase sintering process, most of the raw material magnetite reacts with titanium oxide to form a product polymetallic cation titanate (including titanates of at least three metal cations) with an amorphous structure suitable for use as a non-stick material for cookware. At the same time, titanium oxide loses oxygen under the influence of the reducing atmosphere and high temperature of the solid-phase sintering to form titanium suboxide. In some embodiments, because the raw material magnetite is coarser than titanium oxide, the solid-phase reaction rate is slower than that of titanium oxide. Under the limitation of the amount of raw magnetite and titanium oxide in the raw materials, a small amount of magnetite may be retained in the final product and uniformly dispersed among the above-mentioned polymetallic cation titanate particles together with titanium oxide.According to the present application, polymetallic cation titanate forms the main component of the non-stick material and possesses an amorphous structure, resulting in an overall amorphous nature. Since amorphous structures have lower surface energy than crystalline structures, using amorphous materials including polymetallic cation titanate as the non-stick material can achieve the goal of non-stick cooking. Furthermore, the non-stick material also includes titanium dioxide, or auxiliary materials such as magnetite and titanium dioxide. A mixture of these multiple substances facilitates stress release within the coating, preventing the non-stick layer from collapsing due to mechanical and thermal shock during use. Furthermore, because the non-stick material particles themselves have pores and different materials have different thermal expansion coefficients, a coating formed from this non-stick material readily forms uniform small pores during cooling, resulting in a non-stick coating with a pore structure capable of storing oil. This non-stick coating can further enhance the non-stick properties of the cookware due to the oil film effect. Furthermore, the non-stick material is a ceramic material with improved hardness and stability. Therefore, it can ensure excellent initial non-stick properties, long-term non-stick properties, hardness, and resistance to external impact. According to the present application, the main components of the raw magnetite include ferroferric oxide, harmless metal ions (iron ions, aluminum ions, titanium ions, vanadium ions, magnesium ions, zinc ions, and calcium ions), and silicate minerals. For example, the harmless metal ions in the raw magnetite react with titanium oxide to produce a polymetallic cation titanate as a reaction product. As an example, the polymetallic cation titanate may include calcium magnesium iron titanate or palladium aluminum calcium titanate. In some embodiments, the non-stick material includes mixed particles of polymetallic cation titanate, magnetite, and titanium suboxide. It will be understood that the non-stick material including the mixed particles of polymetallic cation titanate, magnetite, and titanium suboxide may also contain unavoidable impurities. As an example, based on 100% of the total weight of the mixed particles, the weight proportion of the polymetallic cation titanate is 80%-90%, the weight proportion of the magnetite is 0%-10%, and the weight proportion of titanium suboxide is 10%-20%. It should be noted that when the non-stick material contains unavoidable impurities, the weight proportion of the unavoidable impurities is no more than 1%.In the nonstick material, polymetallic cation titanate accounts for 80%-90% by weight and is the main component of the nonstick material. Its amorphous nature and low surface energy give the nonstick material excellent nonstick properties. Magnetite accounts for 0%-10% by weight, indicating that the nonstick material can contain or not contain magnetite. Magnetite has high hardness and density. In the absence of magnetite, the polymetallic cation titanate ensures the mechanical properties of the resulting coating. In the presence of magnetite, the mechanical properties of the resulting coating are further enhanced, making the magnetite-containing nonstick material more durable and less susceptible to deformation or damage when subjected to external pressure or impact. Titanium suboxide accounts for 10%-20% by weight. Its unique chemical properties and surface structure help reduce contact between food and the cookware surface, reducing the possibility of food sticking. Furthermore, magnetite and titanium dioxide, as auxiliary ingredients in the non-stick material, although they make up a small proportion, can form a pore structure capable of storing oil due to the differences in the various materials in the non-stick material. This helps release internal stress in the resulting coating, preventing the non-stick coating from collapsing due to mechanical and thermal shock during use. It should be noted that magnetite and titanium dioxide are material forms of the mixed particles that form the non-stick material, not specific components. As is well known, magnetite is a raw material. As cooking utensils, the inner surfaces of cookware come into direct contact with the food being cooked. Therefore, coating materials must be non-toxic and harmless, meeting food safety standards. Natural magnetite, however, contains many impurities that are unsuitable for use in cookware. For example, the main components of natural magnetite include ferroferric oxide, harmful metal ions (e.g., chromium, ytterbium, ruthenium, cobalt, copper, mercury, and lead), harmless metal ions (e.g., iron, aluminum, titanium, vanadium, magnesium, zinc, and calcium), and silicate minerals (e.g., quartz, calcium silicate, and sodium silicate). Based on 100% by weight of the natural magnetite, ferroferric oxide accounts for 50%-70% by weight, silicate minerals account for 10%-20% by weight, compounds of harmful metal ions account for 0.1%-1% by weight, and the remainder is compounds of harmless metal ions. Excessive levels of harmful heavy metals prevent the material from meeting food safety standards. Therefore, according to this application, natural magnetite needs to be pretreated to remove harmful impurities to obtain raw magnetite. This raw magnetite is safe and non-toxic, meets food safety standards, and is suitable as a raw material for non-stick coatings on cookware.In an exemplary embodiment, the raw magnetite is black and includes ferroferric oxide, harmless metal ions (e.g., iron and aluminum), and silicate minerals (quartz, calcium silicate, sodium silicate, etc.). Based on the total weight of the raw magnetite as 100%, the raw magnetite comprises 90%-95% ferroferric oxide, 0.1%-1% silicate minerals, and the remainder harmless metal ions (e.g., iron, aluminum, titanium, palladium, magnesium, zinc, and calcium). Firstly, ferroferric oxide, as the primary component of the raw magnetite, ensures the stability, hardness, and wear resistance of the coating, effectively resisting scratches and abrasion during cooking. Secondly, the presence of silicate minerals also positively impacts the coating's performance. Silicate minerals have excellent high-temperature resistance, enhancing the coating's stability in high-temperature cooking environments. Furthermore, silicate minerals may also participate in the coating formation process, enhancing the bonding strength between the coating and the substrate and reducing the risk of coating cracking and shedding. Finally, although the remaining harmless metal ions are present in low concentrations, they may play a role in regulating the properties of the coating, enhancing the degree of wind crystallization of the resulting coating and further optimizing the coating's non-stick properties, hardness, and impact resistance. In some embodiments, the method for preparing a non-stick material further includes removing impurities from the natural magnetite to obtain raw magnetite. This raw magnetite meets food hygiene requirements and is suitable for use as a non-stick material for cookware. Specifically, the impurity removal treatment of the natural magnetite includes: primary sun-grinding: The natural magnetite is crushed using crushing and coarse grinding equipment to reduce the particles to a size between 100 μm and 800 μm for ease of subsequent processing. Primary magnetic separation: The crushed and coarsely ground magnetite is subjected to magnetic separation using magnetic separation equipment. The magnetic separation equipment utilizes magnetic differences to separate magnetic minerals from non-magnetic minerals, extracting the magnetic minerals (primarily magnetite). Secondary grinding: The magnetite particles that have undergone primary magnetic separation are sun-grinded using a sun-grinding machine to a particle size between 25 μm and 48 μm. Secondary magnetic separation: The crushed and coarsely ground magnetite is subjected to magnetic separation using magnetic separation equipment. Magnetic separation removes silicate minerals (sodium silicate and calcium silicate). Third sun-grinding: The cleaned magnetite is ground to further refine the particles to a size between 10 μm and 25 μm. Flotation: The powder after the second magnetic separation is treated using flotation to remove impurities. Flotation utilizes the different affinity of different mineral components for air bubbles. By injecting air bubbles into the flotation tank, silicate particles bind to the bubbles and float, while the magnetic magnetite particles sink to the bottom, achieving separation.Acid washing: The magnetite after flotation is washed with a hydrochloric acid solution having a mass concentration of 8%-20%, dissolving the target metal ions (e.g., chromium, arsenic, cobalt, and copper) in the natural magnetite. Multiple water washing, filtration, and drying steps are then performed to remove most of the harmful metal ions, thereby isolating the high-purity magnetite. High-temperature roasting: The high-purity magnetite obtained by acid washing is heated until molten and held at this temperature for 1-2 hours to volatilize harmful metal ions such as mercuric chloride and lead chloride, thereby obtaining the final raw magnetite. In these embodiments, the acid washing and high-temperature roasting steps can remove as much harmful metal ions as possible from the natural magnetite, thereby obtaining the raw magnetite suitable for use in accordance with the present application. Titanium oxide (TiO2) includes various crystal forms, such as rutile, anatase, and perovskite. This application is not limited to the crystal form of titanium oxide. In a preferred embodiment, the crystalline form of titanium oxide is rutile. Rutile TiO2 is thermodynamically stable at temperatures below its melting point and exhibits excellent wear resistance, making it suitable for forming a non-stick coating surface. It should be noted that other TiO2 materials will also irreversibly convert to rutile TiO2 during solid-phase sintering. Therefore, choosing rutile as the starting material can, to a certain extent, avoid structural changes and performance losses that may occur during phase transitions, facilitating the production of the non-stick material of the present application. In some embodiments, when the mass ratio of raw material magnetite to titanium oxide in the raw material is the theoretical weight ratio for complete chemical reaction, regardless of the particle size of the raw material magnetite and titanium oxide, the raw material magnetite and titanium oxide will partially react to form a polymetallic cation metalate. Simultaneously, the titanium oxide will partially convert to titania, leaving a portion of the raw material magnetite. This allows the formation of the non-stick material of the present application, comprising the polymetallic cation metalate, raw material magnetite, and titania. In other embodiments, when the raw material contains a significant excess of titanium oxide, controlling the raw material particle size can, to a certain extent, suppress complete solid-phase sintering to form polymetallic cation titanates. Specifically, when the particle sizes of the raw materials magnetite and titanium oxide are set to be comparable, for example, both are 1000-2000 mesh, due to the excess titanium oxide, all of the raw material magnetite will react with the titanium oxide to form polymetallic cation metalates. Simultaneously, the remaining titanium oxide will be converted to titanium suboxide, thereby forming the non-stick material composed of polymetallic cation metalates and titanium suboxide according to the present application.When the particle size of the raw magnetite is significantly larger than that of titanium oxide, as an example, the particle size of the raw magnetite can be 500-1000 mesh (which can be converted to 13 μm-25 μm), and the particle size of the titanium oxide can be 1000-2000 mesh (which can be converted to 6.5 μm-13 μm). In this case, the raw magnetite and titanium oxide will partially react to form polymetallic cation metallates. Simultaneously, the titanium oxide will be partially converted to titania. The raw magnetite powder has a coarse particle size and slow solid-phase reaction rate. The titanium oxide powder is fine and in excess, and can evenly coat the magnetite during the solid-phase reaction and only partially react. In this case, the raw magnetite that does not have time to react will remain, thereby ensuring that the formed non-stick material is a mixture of particles of polymetallic cation metallates, the raw magnetite, and titania, and can form the non-stick material according to the present application. As an example, the weight ratio of magnetite and titanium oxide in the raw materials can be 2:3-2:5. In this case, the titanium oxide is in an appropriate or excess state, thereby forming the non-stick material according to the present application. According to the present application, the raw materials can be spherical or quasi-spherical in shape to facilitate diffusion and contact between individual particles during solid-phase sintering, ensuring efficient mass transfer between particles and the rapid formation of sintering necks. For example, spherical particles have a larger contact area and smaller contact angle, which facilitates the formation of sintering necks and material transfer. Furthermore, due to their regular shape and good fluidity, spherical particles have more uniform and close contact between particles, easily forming a dense stacking structure, thereby obtaining a high-density sintered body. Furthermore, spherical particle sintered bodies generally have higher strength and hardness, and possess excellent mechanical properties. According to the present application, forming a block comprising raw magnetite and titanium oxide includes uniformly mixing the mixture with a volatile binder and pressing to form the block. For example, the pressing pressure is 20 MPa-100 MPa, and the holding time is 2-5 minutes. For example, the binder comprises 1%-10% by weight of the total weight of the magnetite and titanium oxide mixture, and the binder includes at least one of low-melting-point polyethylene glycol, polyvinyl alcohol, and liquid paraffin. The block is partially solid-phase sintered to produce a non-stick block. In some embodiments, the block is solid-phase sintered to produce a partially solid-phase sintered non-stick block.During the preparation of the non-stick material, a block comprising raw materials, magnetite and titanium oxide, is used. The sintering temperature, time, and reducing atmosphere are controlled to ensure that the raw materials are partially sintered and fused into a polymetallic cation metalate. Simultaneously, under the influence of the reducing atmosphere and temperature, some oxygen in the titanium oxide escapes, forming titanium suboxide, which improves non-stick properties. Furthermore, due to the influence of particle size, a certain amount of raw magnetite may remain in the final non-stick block. For example, solid-phase sintering is performed in a vacuum furnace. Specifically, the block is placed in a vacuum furnace under a continuous reducing atmosphere (e.g., carbon monoxide or hydrogen, preferably carbon monoxide) at a controlled temperature of 1100°C to 1400°C. (2) The block is treated for 8-20 hours to heat the block and form a partially sintered non-stick block. During the solid-phase sintering process, the binder volatilizes, so the non-stick block is free of binder. In some examples, the non-stick block is composed of mixed particles of polymetallic cation titanate, magnetite, and titanium suboxide. In other examples, the non-stick block is composed of mixed particles of polymetallic cation titanate and titanium suboxide. The magnetite is partially unreacted raw material magnetite, and the titanium suboxide includes 60%-80% TiO4.7 and the remainder Ti2O3 and Ti3.4. According to the present application, the resulting non-stick block has sufficient amorphousness to ensure that the non-stick material obtained through subsequent processing has non-stick properties suitable for use in cookware. As an example, the amorphous phase of the non-stick block accounts for 80%-90% by volume. In the present application, the vast majority of the raw materials in the block undergo solid-phase sintering, while a small portion does not. As an example, Taking the total weight of the block as 100%, 80%-90% of the block undergoes a solid-phase reaction, with the remainder being the portion of the block that does not undergo a solid-phase reaction. Consequently, in the mixed particles of the resulting non-stick material, the weight proportion of the polymetallic cation titanate is 80%-90%, with the remainder being the magnetite and titanium suboxide. In some embodiments, the method for preparing the non-stick material further includes performing phase analysis, microstructural observation, and non-stick performance testing on the resulting non-stick block to verify whether it has achieved the desired effect of partial sintering. Cooling the Non-Stick Block: According to the present application, the cooling process of the non-stick block can be controlled to increase the volume fraction of the amorphous phase in the resulting non-stick material. Of course, this process can be omitted. For example, the block can be cooled to room temperature during the furnace cooling process, as the non-stick block formed in the aforementioned manner already has a sufficient volume fraction of the amorphous phase. The following will specifically describe the control of the cooling process of the non-stick block.In some embodiments, cooling the non-stick block can also help control the crystallization process of the non-stick material, avoid unnecessary chemical reactions, and ensure the quality and performance of the final product. In some embodiments, cooling the non-stick block includes subjecting the non-stick block to air cooling at a rate of 20°C / min-50°C / min. When the non-stick block is cooled under air cooling at a rate of 20°C / min-50°C / min, the cooling rate is relatively fast, helping to quickly reach the desired temperature for rapid forming. It also helps refine the material's grain structure and improve the material's mechanical and physical properties. In some embodiments, the non-stick material has an amorphous phase volume fraction of 85%-95%, which can be approximately 5% higher than the aforementioned ratio. In these embodiments, under the aforementioned air cooling conditions, the non-stick block can be cooled and, after crushing, form a reaction product comprising the raw magnetite and titanium oxide, a polymetallic cation titanate, unreacted raw magnetite (referred to herein as magnetite), and titanium suboxide. After the non-stick block is crushed, the unreacted raw magnetite and titanium dioxide are dispersed between the particles of the polymetallic cation titanate. According to the present application, after cooling, the cooled non-stick block is crushed and sun-milled, and then screened to obtain the non-stick material according to the present application. Specifically, a collar crusher is used to crush the block into small pieces, which are then sun-milled to an appropriate particle size using a Raymond mill, ball mill, or other sun-milling method. Finally, the granular non-stick material is obtained by screening. According to a second aspect of the present application, a non-stick material is provided, wherein the non-stick material comprises mixed particles of a polymetallic cation titanate and an auxiliary material, wherein the auxiliary material comprises magnetite and titanium suboxide, or titanium suboxide, wherein the mixed particles have an amorphous structure. Based on 100% of the total weight of the mixed particles, the weight proportion of the polymetallic cation titanate is 80%-90%, the weight proportion of the magnetite is 0%-10%, and the weight proportion of the titanium suboxide is 10%-20%. According to the non-stick material of the present application, the non-stick material comprises the polymetallic cation titanate, and based on its content, it can be seen that the polymetallic cation titanate is the main component of the non-stick material, belongs to a ceramic material and has an amorphous structure. Therefore, the non-stick material can be amorphous as a whole. Since the amorphous structure has lower surface energy, better hardness, chemical stability, and thermal stability than the crystalline structure, the use of a material including the polymetallic cation titanate having an amorphous structure as the non-stick material can meet the requirements of cookware for initial non-stickiness, long-term non-stickiness, hardness, and resistance to external impact.The non-stick material also includes auxiliary materials such as magnetite and titanium dioxide. This mixture of multiple substances facilitates stress release within the coating, preventing the non-stick layer from collapsing due to mechanical and thermal shock during use. Furthermore, due to the varying thermal expansion coefficients of different materials, during the cooling process of a coating formed using this non-stick material, uniform small pores form around the evenly dispersed magnetite and titanium dioxide particles within the non-stick material. This creates a porous structure capable of storing oil, further enhancing the non-stick properties of the cookware through the oil film effect. In some embodiments, the titanium dioxide includes TiO, TiO, or TiO, with the titanium dioxide comprising 60%-80% TiO4.7, with the remainder TiO2.3 and TiO3.4. In some embodiments, the resulting non-stick material has a particle size between 300 mesh and 500 mesh. This particle size range indicates that the non-stick material has relatively fine and uniform particle sizes, which helps form a dense and uniform non-stick coating on the substrate surface. Furthermore, this particle size ensures proper spraying by plasma spray equipment, thereby ensuring the quality of the non-stick coating. In some embodiments, the non-stick material is black, primarily due to the iron oxide in its composition. The black non-stick material does not change color after spraying, thus forming a black non-stick coating. This black non-stick coating reduces the contrast of burnt discoloration during use, enhancing the user's visual experience. In some embodiments, the non-stick material has an amorphous phase volume fraction of 80%-98%. This high proportion of amorphous phase in the non-stick material exhibits excellent properties such as surface energy, hardness, wear resistance, corrosion resistance, and toughness. Therefore, it can maintain structural and performance stability in harsh environments such as high temperatures and chemical corrosion, thereby extending the service life of the non-stick coating. According to a third aspect of the present application, a non-stick coating is provided for use in cookware. The non-stick coating is formed by thermal spraying the non-stick material described in the various embodiments described above. According to the present application, the non-stick coating is an inorganic titanate-based coating with high hardness and high-temperature resistance, resisting scratches and high-temperature deformation. It also exhibits good corrosion resistance. In some embodiments, the surface pores of the non-stick coating can be used to store oil. Thus, cookware equipped with this coating can improve non-stick properties due to oil storage and optimize corrosion resistance due to the closed pores. In some embodiments, the surface energy of the non-stick coating is 35 to 80 dynes. In some embodiments, the porosity of the non-stick coating is 10% to 25%, and / or the pore size of the non-stick coating is 0.1 μm to 8 μm, such that the pore structure is suitable for oil storage and optimizes non-stick properties.In some embodiments, the non-stick coating has a hardness of 400 to 800 HV. This hardness ensures the hardness and wear resistance of the cookware, ensuring the coating's long-lasting non-stick properties. In some embodiments, the amorphous phase in the non-stick coating accounts for 80% to 95% by volume. In some embodiments, the non-stick coating is black. This black coating can reduce the contrast of burnt discoloration during use, enhancing the user's visual experience. In some embodiments, the non-stick coating is a ceramic coating. Ceramic coatings are more brittle than coatings made of metal materials and are easily polished during use, ensuring that the cookware remains clean and looking like new. According to a fourth aspect of the present application, a non-stick cookware is provided, comprising a substrate and a non-stick coating formed on the substrate. According to the present application, the non-stick material is a ceramic material, while the cookware base is generally made of metal. Therefore, the bonding strength between the non-stick material and the cookware base is somewhat weak. To improve the bonding strength between the two, in some embodiments, the non-stick cookware further includes a base layer made of a metal material, wherein the base layer is formed between the base and the non-stick coating. In an exemplary embodiment, the metal material may include at least one of iron and its alloys, zinc and its alloys, aluminum and its alloys, titanium and its alloys, chromium and its alloys, arsenic and its alloys, cobalt and its alloys, copper and its alloys, zirconium and its alloys, knob and its alloys, and knob and its alloys. However, those skilled in the art may also select other suitable materials as binders based on the teachings of this application to improve the bonding strength between the non-stick material and the coating formed on the product. According to the present application, a method for preparing non-stick cookware is provided, wherein the method comprises: thermally spraying a non-stick material onto a base, thereby forming a non-stick coating on the base. The method for preparing non-stick cookware of the present application will be described in detail below. Providing a substrate: According to the present application, the substrate can be made of commonly used materials. Exemplarily, the materials can be stainless steel, titanium, aluminum, their corresponding alloys, and composite materials. The substrate can have a shape appropriate to its function. Exemplarily, when the non-stick cookware is a non-stick pan, the substrate can have a conventional pan shape. According to the present application, the substrate can undergo certain pretreatments, such as grinding, sandblasting, and pickling. The substrate surface has a certain degree of roughness. In an exemplary embodiment, the roughness Ra value can be within the range of 3 μm to 5 μm. Providing a non-stick material: According to the present application, the non-stick material can be prepared using the methods described in the various embodiments of the present application above, which will not be further described here. Forming a non-stick coating: According to the present application, the non-stick coating can at least partially cover the inner surface of the substrate, meaning that the non-stick coating can cover the bottom surface or the entire inner surface of the substrate.A non-stick coating can be formed by spraying a non-stick material having a certain amorphous phase volume fraction provided by embodiments of the present application, thereby achieving improved non-stick properties (initial and long-lasting non-stick properties) and hardness. According to some embodiments of the present application, the non-stick material powder can have a certain amorphous nature, for example, 80%-95%. The non-stick material powder can retain its amorphous nature to form a non-stick coating having a certain amorphous phase volume fraction. Specifically, during the spraying process, only the surface of the non-stick material is slightly melted, and the individual particles are interconnected, thereby obtaining a non-stick coating having an amorphous phase volume fraction of 80%-95%. The amorphous phase volume fraction here is achieved by the material's inherent amorphous nature being retained after spraying. In an exemplary embodiment, the spraying is performed by thermal spraying, specifically plasma spraying. Among them, the process parameters of plasma spraying can be: powder feeding speed 20g / min-50g / min: spraying distance 80 mm-100mm; arc current 450A-650A; voltage 50V-70V; hydrogen pressure 0.2MPa-0.4MPa, hydrogen flow 6L / min-15L / min, oxygen pressure 2.5MPa-4.0MPa, oxygen flow 1000L / min-1500L / min, spraying angle 45°-80°; workpiece temperature is room temperature. Conventional ceramic powders are dense, and the pores in the coating originate from powder stacking. These pores are typically closed pores, meaning they are not connected to each other. After the coating is formed, it has only a small surface depth and limited oil storage capacity. According to the present application, the non-stick material comprises mixed particles of polymetallic cation titanate and auxiliary materials, and the particles themselves have pores on their surfaces. By thermally spraying the non-stick material powder within the aforementioned process parameter range, a non-stick coating with a suitable thickness, amorphous properties, and a porous structure can be formed on the surface of a substrate. For example, the resulting non-stick coating can have a thickness of 2 μm to 100 μm. For example, the pores in the porous structure are connected and have a certain depth, greatly enhancing the oil storage effect. As an example, the resulting non-stick coating can have a porosity of 10% to 25%, and a pore size of 0.1 μm to 8 μm. This non-stick coating has properties similar to those of the non-stick material, and therefore can have good non-stick properties, improved hardness, and a desired pore oil storage capacity. In other words, the amorphous non-stick coating according to the present invention can retain various properties of the non-stick material and exhibit properties superior to those of the non-stick material due to spraying, such as, but not limited to, non-stickiness and hardness.Plasma-sprayed inorganic ceramic coatings generally suffer from coating bonding strength issues. This is because, firstly, inorganic ceramics generally have high melting points and poor thermal conductivity. During the plasma spraying process, the powders are difficult to fully melt; only the surface of the powder particles melts, resulting in fewer bonding points between the particles and increased breakage. Secondly, inorganic ceramics inherently have high hardness and poor toughness, and when deformed, they tend to release stress through cracking. These two factors make ceramic coatings susceptible to external impacts (mechanical shock and thermal shock), leading to cracking and shedding. However, thermal spraying the non-stick material powder within the process parameters of this application can form a non-stick coating on the surface of a substrate that is resistant to certain external impacts. This is because the non-stick material, a mixture of multiple substances, facilitates bonding between the various particles and facilitates stress release within the coating, thus preventing the problem of collapse caused by mechanical and thermal shock during use. According to other embodiments of the present application, the non-stick material powder itself has a certain degree of amorphism, for example, 80%-95%. The non-stick material and the controlled spraying process are used to form a non-stick coating with a relatively high volume fraction of the amorphous phase. For example, the volume fraction of the amorphous phase in the non-stick coating is 83%-98%. This volume fraction of the amorphous phase is approximately 3% higher than that in the previous embodiment. This is because the various components of the non-stick material of the present application form a more complex titanate structure during the spraying process, which tends to increase the degree of amorphization, thereby enabling the non-stick coating to exhibit relatively superior properties. According to the present application, controlling the spraying process includes performing certain interventions during the process of forming the non-stick coating using the non-stick material. Specifically, the substrate includes a first surface and a second surface facing each other. Controlling the spraying process includes cooling the second surface of the substrate and spraying the non-stick material onto the first surface of the substrate, thereby forming a non-stick coating with an amorphous phase volume fraction of 83%-98% on the first surface of the substrate. The step of cooling the second surface of the substrate includes applying cold air to the second surface of the substrate, and controlling the temperature of the cold air to between -15°C and 0°C. A non-stick material is then sprayed onto the first surface of the substrate, thereby forming a non-stick coating having a predetermined amorphous phase volume fraction on the first surface of the substrate, such that the non-stick coating has low surface energy and excellent non-stick properties. It should be noted that the first surface may be the inner surface, and the second surface may be the outer surface. This is not intended to be limiting in this application. It is understood that, based on the teachings of this application, those skilled in the art may configure the first surface to be the outer surface and the second surface to be the inner surface according to actual usage requirements. In an exemplary embodiment, the step of applying cold air includes placing the second surface of the substrate in an environment of cooling air.The cooling air temperature is -15°C to 0°C, and the cooling air flow rate is 2000L / h to 4000L / h. Pore oil storage. According to the present application, the titanium oxide and magnetite dispersed between the particles of the polymetallic cation metallate not only help enhance the overall stability and hardness of the non-stick material, but also ensure the formation of a coating with a pore structure suitable for oil storage, thereby further improving the non-stick performance. According to the present application, due to the different thermal expansion coefficients of different materials, during the cooling process, uniform small pores are formed around the magnetite powder and titanium suboxide particles, resulting in a denser surface structure of the non-stick coating. It can be understood that the non-stick coating surface has a pre-defined pore structure, which facilitates the storage of grease or silicone oil, thereby improving the non-stick properties. According to the present application, the surface of the non-stick coating can be filled with grease or silicone oil to form an "oil film" on the surface of the non-stick coating to achieve non-stick properties. In addition, the pores filled with grease or silicone oil can prevent erosion by corrosive media, ensuring corrosion resistance. In some embodiments, before filling the pore structure with grease or silicone oil, the inner surface of the substrate can be polished with a 120-grit silicon carbide grinding wheel to a surface roughness of Ra 4 μm-6 μm. The substrate is then sanded with a scouring pad in both forward and reverse directions until the roughness Ra is less than 2 μm. Ultrasonic cleaning and de-dusting are then performed, followed by drying. After these steps, the surface of the non-stick coating will achieve good roughness and cleanliness, providing excellent conditions for subsequent filling with grease or silicone oil. In some embodiments, silicone oil can be applied to the surface of the non-stick coating to penetrate the surface pores of the non-stick coating. The coating is then sintered at a first predetermined temperature for a first predetermined time to form a sealed surface layer of the non-stick coating. In an exemplary embodiment, the silicone oil may be polydimethyl silicone oil. After coating, the cookware coated with polydimethyl silicone oil may be placed in a sintering furnace for sintering to cure, wherein the first predetermined curing temperature is 300°C-400°C, and the first predetermined curing time is 3-10 minutes. In other embodiments, the non-stick coating may be immersed in oil at a second predetermined temperature for a second predetermined time, allowing the oil to penetrate the surface pores of the non-stick coating and form a sealed surface layer on the non-stick coating. In an exemplary embodiment, the oil may include cooking oil (peanut oil, rapeseed oil) or palm oil. The cooking oil or palm oil is heated to a second predetermined temperature and maintained for a second predetermined time to form a sealing layer on the non-stick coating. The second predetermined temperature is 80°C-100°C, and the second predetermined time is 10-30 minutes.According to the present application, grease or silicone oil is added to form an "oil film" on the surface of the non-stick coating. It should be noted that silicone oil is superior to grease in optimizing non-stick properties. For example, before silicone oil treatment, the non-stick coating may have a surface energy of 40 to 80 dynes. Although this is lower than the surface energy of fluorocarbon coatings (18 to 25 dynes), after grease or silicone oil treatment, the surface energy of the non-stick coating can be reduced to 35 to 40 dynes, achieving non-stick properties similar to those of fluorocarbon coatings. Grease or silicone oil addition creates a sealed layer on the surface of the non-stick coating, preventing the ingress of corrosive media and thus improving the corrosion resistance of the cookware coating. This application will be described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments, but the scope of protection of this application is not limited to these embodiments. Example 1: Step S10: Prepare a cookware base. Specifically, a composite titanium sheet is deep-drawn, then subjected to alkaline cleaning and degreasing, drying, and sandblasting to obtain a cookware base with a thickness of 1.5 cm. In step S20, a non-stick material is provided. In step S21, a non-stick material with an average particle size of 500 mesh is prepared. The amorphous phase of the non-stick material accounts for 83% by volume. Based on the total weight of the mixed particles as 100%, the weight of calcium magnesium ferro-titanate accounts for 80%, the weight of magnetite accounts for 10%, and the weight of titanium dioxide accounts for 10%. In step S30, the non-stick material is sprayed onto the cookware base. The outer surface of the cookware base was placed in a circulating cooling air environment at a temperature of zero T 15°C. 400-mesh non-stick material powder was then loaded into a powder feeder. Parameters were set as follows: powder feeding rate 30 g / min; spraying distance 90 mm; arc current 550 A; voltage 60 V; hydrogen pressure 0.3 MPa, hydrogen flow rate 8 L / min; oxygen pressure 3 MPa, oxygen flow rate 1200 L / min; and spray angle 60°. The non-stick material powder was sprayed onto the inner surface of the cookware base to form a non-stick coating with a thickness of 65 μm, thereby completing the production of the cookware of Example 1. Example 2 The cookware of Example 2 was manufactured using the same method as Example 1, except that in step S20, a different non-stick material was used instead of the non-stick material of Example 1 (the non-stick material of this example had an amorphous phase accounting for 83% by volume; based on the total weight of the mixed particles being 100%, calcium magnesium ferrotitanate accounted for 80% by weight, magnetite accounted for 5% by weight, and titanium suboxide accounted for 15% by weight).Example 3: The cookware of Example 3 was manufactured using the same method as Example 1, except that a different non-stick material was used in place of the non-stick material of Example 1 in step S20 (the amorphous phase of the non-stick material of this example had an 83% volume fraction, and based on the total weight of the mixed particles being 100%, the weight of calcium magnesium ferro titanate was 80%, and the weight of titanium dioxide was 20%). Example 4: The cookware of Example 4 was manufactured using the same method as Example 1, except that a different non-stick material was used in place of the non-stick material of Example 1 in step S20 (the amorphous phase of the non-stick material of this example had an 88% volume fraction, and based on the total weight of the mixed particles being 100%, the weight of calcium magnesium ferro titanate was 85%, the weight of magnetite was 5%, and the weight of titanium dioxide was 10%). Example 5: The cookware of Example 5 was manufactured using the same method as Example 1, except that in step S20, a different non-stick material was used instead of the non-stick material of Example 1 (the non-stick material of this example had an amorphous phase accounting for 88% by volume, and based on the total weight of the mixed particles being 100%, calcium magnesium ferro titanate accounting for 85% by weight, and titanium suboxide accounting for 15% by weight). Example 6: The cookware of Example 6 was manufactured using the same method as Example 1, except that in step S20, a different non-stick material was used instead of the non-stick material of Example 1 (the non-stick material of this example had an amorphous phase accounting for 93% by volume, and based on the total weight of the mixed particles being 100%, calcium magnesium ferro titanate accounting for 90% by weight, and titanium suboxide accounting for 15% by weight). Example 7: The cookware of Example 7 was manufactured using the same method as Example 1, except that a different non-stick material was used in place of the non-stick material of Example 1 in step S20 (the non-stick material of this example had an amorphous phase accounting for 96% by volume, based on the total weight of the mixed particles being 100%, the polymetallic cation titanate accounting for 85% by weight, the magnetite accounting for 5% by weight, and the titanium dioxide accounting for 10% by weight). Example 8: The cookware of Example 8 was manufactured using the same method as Example 1, except that a different non-stick material was used in place of the non-stick material of Example 1 in step S20 (the non-stick material of this example had an amorphous phase accounting for 96% by volume, based on the total weight of the mixed particles being 100%, the polymetallic cation titanate accounting for 85% by weight, and the titanium dioxide accounting for 15% by weight).Example 9: The cookware of Example 9 was manufactured using the same method as Example 1, except that a different non-stick material was used in place of the non-stick material of Example 1 in step S20 (the non-stick material of this example had an amorphous phase accounting for 98% by volume, based on the total weight of the mixed particles being 100%, the polymetallic cation titanate accounting for 85% by weight, the magnetite accounting for 5% by weight, and titanium dioxide accounting for 10% by weight). Example 10: The cookware of Example 10 was manufactured using the same method as Example 1, except that a different non-stick material was used in place of the non-stick material of Example 1 in step S20 (the non-stick material of this example had an amorphous phase accounting for 98% by volume, based on the total weight of the mixed particles being 100%, the polymetallic cation titanate accounting for 85% by weight, and titanium dioxide accounting for 15% by weight). Example 11: The cookware of Example 11 was manufactured using the same method as Example 1, except that the outer surface of the cookware base was not placed in a circulating cooling air environment in step S30. Example 12: The cookware of Example 12 was manufactured using the same method as Example 1, except that a 300-mesh non-stick material was used instead of the non-stick material of Example 1 in step S21. Example 13: The cookware of Example 13 was manufactured using the same method as Example 1, except that a 400-mesh non-stick material was used instead of the non-stick material of Example 1 in step S21. Example 14: The cookware of Example 14 was manufactured using the same method as Example 1, except that silicone oil was added to the non-stick coating obtained in Example 1. Example 15: The cookware of Example 15 was manufactured using the same method as Example 1, except that edible oil was added to the non-stick coating obtained in Example 1. Comparative Example 1: The cookware of Comparative Example 1 was manufactured using the same method as Example 1, except that natural magnetite was used instead of the non-stick material of Example 1 in step S20. Comparative Example 2: The cookware of Comparative Example 2 was manufactured using the same method as Example 1, except that a different material (magnesium ferrous titanate in this comparative example) was used instead of the non-stick material of Example 1 in step S20. Comparative Example 3 The cookware of Comparative Example 3 was manufactured using the same method as Example 1, except that a different material (the material in this comparative example is ferrous magnesium aluminum titanate) was used in place of the non-stick material of Example 1 in step S20. Comparative Example 4 The cookware of Comparative Example 4 was manufactured using the same method as Example 4, except that a different material (the material in this comparative example is ferrous magnesium aluminum copper titanate) was used in place of the non-stick material of Example 1 in step S20.Comparative Example 5: The cookware of Comparative Example 5 was manufactured using the same method as Example 1, except that a different material (the raw material magnetite powder of this application) was used in place of the non-stick material of Example 1 in step S20. Comparative Example 6: The cookware of Comparative Example 6 was manufactured using the same method as Example 1, except that a different material (the material in this comparative example was titanium dioxide) was used in place of the non-stick material of Example 1 in step S20. Test Methods, Evaluation Criteria, and Test Results: Performance tests were conducted on the coatings of the cookware obtained in Examples 1 to 15 and Comparative Examples 1 to 6, and the results are recorded in Table 1 below. The specific performance test methods are as follows: I. Test Methods and Evaluation Criteria

[0002] 1. Amorphous Degree Test Method: XRD testing is performed and analyzed and calculated using conventional full-spectrum fitting methods to determine the degree of amorphization of the coating. The conventional full-spectrum fitting method follows these steps: First, a crystalline phase with the same chemical structure as the amorphous phase is found. The amorphous phase is assumed to be a tiny grain of this crystalline phase. This crystalline phase can be used to construct a model for the peak position and intensity of the amorphous phase. Second, the spectrum of the pure amorphous phase is fitted to determine the grain size and microstrain. Finally, holding the grain size and microstrain constant, this phase is included in the conventional Rietveld quantitative calculation to determine the volume fraction of the amorphous phase in the coating (i.e., the degree of amorphization).

[0003] 2. Initial non-stick test method: The non-stick test method for fried eggs in GB / T32095.2-2015 is an initial non-stick test method divided into levels I, II, and III. Level I has the best non-stickiness and Level III has the worst non-stickiness.

[0004] 3. Long-lasting non-stick test method: The long-lasting non-stick test method in GB / T32388-2015 is measured in times. The higher the number, the longer the life. The non-stick result is evaluated every 500 times, and the number of times is recorded until it reaches Level III.

[0005] 4. Hardness Test and Evaluation Criteria: The Vickers hardness test method is used to test the Vickers hardness of the cookware coating. The unit of hardness is HVo. For hardness testing, the higher the measured hardness value, the harder the sample. For non-stick coatings, the higher the hardness, the harder the non-stick coating. The non-stick coating is more resistant to abrasion by spatulas and food, and is less susceptible to wear, thus extending the service life of the non-stick coating. Generally speaking, the hardness of non-stick coatings is expected to be no less than 200 HVo.

[0006] 5. Surface Energy Testing and Evaluation Criteria: At 20°C, use a SINDIN SDC-200SH contact angle meter to measure the contact angles of water and ethylene glycol on sample surfaces using the goniometric method. The surface energy of the samples is calculated using the OWRK method. Here, the samples refer to the coatings of the cookware obtained in the Examples and Comparative Examples. For surface energy testing, the measured surface energy of the samples is expected to be no greater than 100 dynes.

[0007] 6. Mechanical Impact Test and Evaluation Standards: A 500g steel ball is dropped freely from a height of 10cm to impact the coating surface of the cookware. Observe whether the coating cracks or falls off. If not, continue to rise 5cm until the coating cracks or falls off. The height at which this occurs is recorded. For the mechanical impact test, the sample is expected to have a mechanical impact test value of no less than 30cm.

[0008] 7. Thermal shock: Dry-heat the pot over high heat on a gas stove until the temperature at any point on the bottom reaches 450°C. Then quickly immerse the pot in 50L of room temperature (25±2°C) tap water. Repeat the above steps until the coating begins to crack and fall off. Record the number of times this occurs. The more times this occurs, the better the pot coating's properties. II. Test Results Table 1 Test Results Table Table 1 shows that the non-stick coating on the cookware surface has a high degree of amorphization. A higher degree of amorphization indicates higher hardness, better wear resistance, and stronger long-term non-stick properties. Because the surface layer of the non-stick coating is filled with grease, this not only improves the non-stick properties (both initial and long-term non-stick properties), but also further seals pores, enhancing the corrosion resistance of the cookware. Combining Examples 1, 12, and 13, it can be seen that non-stick materials with larger particle sizes exhibit better long-term non-stick properties. This is because larger particle sizes can form a suitable surface roughness structure, which protects the surface grease layer, ensuring longer-lasting non-stick properties. Combining Examples 1 and 11, it can be seen that by controlling the spraying process (i.e., placing the outer surface of the cookware in a cooling gas environment during plasma spraying), the non-stick coating's degree of amorphization can be increased to a certain extent, resulting in a relatively low surface energy and thus ensuring good long-term non-stick properties. In summary, according to the present application, the coating of the cookware exhibits excellent initial non-stick properties, long-term non-stick properties, hardness, and resistance to external impact, resulting in superior cookware durability. However, the cookware coating of the comparative example clearly fails to achieve these multiple properties, including initial non-stick properties, long-term non-stick properties, hardness, and resistance to external impact, resulting in poor cookware durability. While the present invention has been particularly shown and described with reference to exemplary embodiments thereof, those skilled in the art will appreciate that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the claims and their equivalents. The embodiments should be considered in a descriptive sense only and not for purposes of limitation. Therefore, the scope of the present invention is defined not by the specific embodiments thereof, but by the claims, and all differences within the scope are to be construed as encompassed by the present invention. While the embodiments of the present application have been described in detail above, those skilled in the art will appreciate that various modifications and variations may be made thereto without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the claims and their equivalents. However, it should be understood that, in the opinion of those skilled in the art, these modifications and variations will still fall within the spirit and scope of the embodiments of the present application as defined by the claims.

Claims

23 Claims 1. A non-stick material, characterized in that: The non-stick material includes mixed particles of polymetallic cation titanate and auxiliary materials, wherein the auxiliary materials are magnetite and titanium suboxide, or titanium suboxide, wherein the mixed particles have an amorphous structure, and based on the total weight of the mixed particles being 100%, the weight proportion of the polymetallic cation titanate is 80%-90%, the weight proportion of the magnetite is 0%-10%, and the weight proportion of the titanium suboxide is 10%-20%.

2. The non-stick material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The particle size of the non-stick material is 300 mesh to 500 mesh.

3. The non-stick material according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The non-stick material includes at least one of the following features: the color of the non-stick material is black; the volume proportion of the amorphous phase of the non-stick material is 80%-98%.

4. A method for preparing a non-stick material, characterized in that: The method for preparing the non-stick material comprises: solid-phase sintering a block comprising raw materials of magnetite and titanium oxide to obtain a non-stick block; cooling the non-stick block, and then pulverizing the block to obtain a non-stick material comprising mixed particles of a polymetallic cation titanate and an auxiliary material, wherein the auxiliary material is magnetite and titanium suboxide, or titanium suboxide; wherein the mixed particles have an amorphous structure, and based on 100% of the total weight of the mixed particles, the weight of the polymetallic cation titanate accounts for 80%-90%, the weight of the magnetite accounts for 0%-10%, and the weight of the titanium suboxide accounts for 10%-20%.

5. The method for preparing the non-stick material according to claim 4, characterized in that: The method for preparing the non-stick material further includes: performing at least acid washing and roasting treatment on natural magnetite powder to obtain the raw magnetite.

6. The method for preparing the non-stick material according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that: Based on the total weight of the raw magnetite as 100%, the main components of the raw magnetite include 90%-95% ferrosoferric oxide, 0.1%-1% silicate minerals, and the remainder harmless metal ions.

7. The method for preparing a non-stick material according to any one of claims 4 to 6, characterized in that: The solid-phase sintering of the lump comprising raw materials of magnetite and titanium oxide comprises: placing the lump comprising raw materials of magnetite and titanium oxide at 1100°C and 1400°C for 8 hours to 20 hours.

8. The method for preparing a non-stick material according to any one of claims 4 to 7, characterized in that: The cooling of the non-stick block includes: placing the non-stick block under air cooling conditions of 20°C / min-50°C / min for cooling.

9. The method for preparing a non-stick material according to any one of claims 4 to 8, characterized in that: The mass ratio of the raw materials magnetite and titanium oxide is 2:3-2:

5.

10. The method for preparing a non-stick material according to any one of claims 4 to 9, characterized in that: The particle size of the raw material magnetite is 500-2000 mesh; and / or the particle size of the titanium oxide is 1000-2000 mesh.

11. A non-stick coating, characterized in that: The non-stick coating is formed by thermal spraying the non-stick material according to any one of claims 1 to 3, or by thermal spraying the non-stick material prepared by the method for preparing a non-stick material according to any one of claims 4 to 10.

12. A non-stick cooker, characterized in that: The non-stick cookware includes a base and the non-stick coating according to claim 11 formed on the base.

13. The non-stick cookware according to claim 12, characterized in that: The surface layer of the non-stick coating is filled with grease or silicone oil.

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