Proximity determination for ambient wireless devices
The reader device's signal transmission and response monitoring method allows for accurate proximity assessment of ambient wireless devices, enhancing communication efficiency by distinguishing near and far proximity, thus optimizing communication and resource allocation.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2024/085759
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-04-03
- Publication Date
- 2025-10-09
AI Technical Summary
Existing wireless communication systems face challenges in accurately determining the proximity of ambient wireless devices, such as IoT devices, which rely on ambient power sources, to facilitate effective communication.
A reader device transmits a signal to ambient wireless devices and monitors for a response to perform a proximity determination procedure, using measurement parameters to distinguish between near and far proximity based on the received response.
Enables precise proximity determination of ambient wireless devices, allowing for optimized communication strategies and resource allocation based on their relative position to the reader device.
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Figure CN2024085759_09102025_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
PROXIMITY DETERMINATION FOR AMBIENT WIRELESS DEVICES
[0001] FIELD OF TECHNOLOGY
[0002] The following relates to wireless communications, including proximity determination for ambient wireless devices.BACKGROUND
[0003] Wireless communications systems are widely deployed to provide various types of communication content such as voice, video, packet data, messaging, broadcast, and so on. These systems may be capable of supporting communication with multiple users by sharing the available system resources (e.g., time, frequency, and power) . Examples of such multiple-access systems include fourth generation (4G) systems such as Long Term Evolution (LTE) systems, LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) systems, or LTE-A Pro systems, and fifth generation (5G) systems which may be referred to as New Radio (NR) systems. These systems may employ technologies such as code division multiple access (CDMA) , time division multiple access (TDMA) , frequency division multiple access (FDMA) , orthogonal FDMA (OFDMA) , or discrete Fourier transform spread orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (DFT-S-OFDM) . A wireless multiple-access communications system may include one or more base stations, each supporting wireless communication for communication devices, which may be known as user equipment (UE) .SUMMARY
[0004] The described techniques relate to improved methods, systems, devices, and apparatuses that support proximity determination for ambient wireless devices. For example, a reader device may transmit a signal to one or more ambient wireless devices for a proximity determination procedure for the ambient wireless devices. The reader device may monitor for a response from the more ambient wireless devices. In response to receiving a response, the reader device may perform the proximity determination procedure to obtain proximity information of the ambient wireless devices. In some examples, the proximity information may indicate one of a near proximity or a far proximity of the ambient wireless devices relative to the reader device.
[0005] A method for wireless communications by a reader device is described. The method may include transmitting a signal to one or more ambient wireless devices for a proximity determination procedure for the one or more ambient wireless devices, monitoring for a response from the one or more ambient wireless devices, the response associated with the proximity determination procedure for the one or more ambient wireless devices, and performing the proximity determination procedure to obtain proximity information of the one or more ambient wireless devices based on the monitoring and on one or more measurement parameters associated with the response, where the proximity information indicates one of a near proximity or a far proximity of the one or more ambient wireless devices relative to the reader device.
[0006] A reader device for wireless communications is described. The reader device may include one or more memories storing processor executable code, and one or more processors coupled with the one or more memories. The one or more processors may individually or collectively be operable to execute the code to cause the reader device to transmit a signal to one or more ambient wireless devices for a proximity determination procedure for the one or more ambient wireless devices, monitor for a response from the one or more ambient wireless devices, the response associated with the proximity determination procedure for the one or more ambient wireless devices, and perform the proximity determination procedure to obtain proximity information of the one or more ambient wireless devices based on the monitoring and on one or more measurement parameters associated with the response, where the proximity information indicates one of a near proximity or a far proximity of the one or more ambient wireless devices relative to the reader device.
[0007] Another reader device for wireless communications is described. The reader device may include means for transmitting a signal to one or more ambient wireless devices for a proximity determination procedure for the one or more ambient wireless devices, means for monitoring for a response from the one or more ambient wireless devices, the response associated with the proximity determination procedure for the one or more ambient wireless devices, and means for performing the proximity determination procedure to obtain proximity information of the one or more ambient wireless devices based on the monitoring and on one or more measurement parameters associated with the response, where the proximity information indicates one of a near proximity or a far proximity of the one or more ambient wireless devices relative to the reader device.
[0008] A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communications is described. The code may include instructions executable by one or more processors to transmit a signal to one or more ambient wireless devices for a proximity determination procedure for the one or more ambient wireless devices, monitor for a response from the one or more ambient wireless devices, the response associated with the proximity determination procedure for the one or more ambient wireless devices, and perform the proximity determination procedure to obtain proximity information of the one or more ambient wireless devices based on the monitoring and on one or more measurement parameters associated with the response, where the proximity information indicates one of a near proximity or a far proximity of the one or more ambient wireless devices relative to the reader device.
[0009] In some examples of the method, reader devices, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, monitoring for the response may include operations, features, means, or instructions for receiving the response from an ambient wireless device of the one or more ambient wireless devices, the response indicating a device type of the ambient wireless device, a power amplification factor associated with the response, a power amplification capability associated with the ambient wireless device, or any combination thereof.
[0010] In some examples of the method, reader devices, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, monitoring for the response may include operations, features, means, or instructions for receiving the response from the ambient wireless device of the one or more ambient wireless devices, the response including the power amplification factor associated with the response, where the power amplification factor includes one or more bits indicating whether the response may be amplified.
[0011] In some examples of the method, reader devices, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, transmitting the signal to the one or more ambient wireless devices may include operations, features, means, or instructions for transmitting, in the signal, a power control indication to the one or more ambient wireless devices, the power control indication includes an expected transmit power for the response, where the proximity determination procedure may be based on the power control indication.
[0012] Some examples of the method, reader devices, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for transmitting, to the one or more ambient wireless devices, a second signal for a contention based access procedure for the one or more ambient wireless devices based on the proximity determination procedure indicating the near proximity of the one or more ambient wireless devices.
[0013] In some examples of the method, reader devices, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, transmitting the signal may include operations, features, means, or instructions for transmitting the signal according to a first transmit power that may be different from a second transmit power of the second signal.
[0014] Some examples of the method, reader devices, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for transmitting the signal to the one or more ambient wireless devices based on a power difference between a transmission power of the signal and a transmission power of the second signal, where a transmit power of the response may be based on the power difference.
[0015] Some examples of the method, reader devices, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for transmitting the signal to the one or more ambient wireless devices based on a maximum allowed transmission power, where a transmit power of the response may be based on the maximum allowed transmission power.
[0016] Some examples of the method, reader devices, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for receiving the response from the one or more ambient wireless devices, where the proximity determination procedure may be performed based on receiving the response.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0017] FIG. 1 shows an example of a wireless communications system that supports proximity determination for ambient wireless devices in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.
[0018] FIG. 2 shows an example of a wireless communications system that supports proximity determination for ambient wireless devices in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.
[0019] FIG. 3 shows an example of a timing diagram that supports proximity determination for ambient wireless devices in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.
[0020] FIG. 4 shows an example of a process flow that supports proximity determination for ambient wireless devices in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.
[0021] FIGs. 5 and 6 show block diagrams of devices that support proximity determination for ambient wireless devices in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.
[0022] FIG. 7 shows a block diagram of a communications manager that supports proximity determination for ambient wireless devices in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.
[0023] FIG. 8 shows a diagram of a system including a device that supports proximity determination for ambient wireless devices in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.
[0024] FIG. 9 shows a flowchart illustrating methods that support proximity determination for ambient wireless devices in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0025] Some wireless devices may include one or more ambient wireless devices (e.g., ambient internet of things (IoT) devices) , which may use power from ambient power sources (e.g., from incident radio signals, other ambient power supplies) to communicate information with a reader device (e.g., a UE, a network entity) . In some cases, communications with ambient wireless devices may be based on a proximity of the ambient wireless device to the reader device. For example, the proximity of the ambient wireless device may be either a “near” proximity or a “far” proximity with respect to the reader device. Based on the proximity, the reader device may perform one or more communications with the ambient wireless device. Thus, a method for determining the proximity of the ambient wireless device with respect to the reader device may be beneficial.
[0026] According to the techniques described herein, a reader device may transmit a signal to one or more ambient wireless devices for use in a proximity determination procedure. The reader device may monitor for a response from the ambient wireless devices. In some examples, the response may be associated with the proximity determination procedure and may be associated with one or more measurements parameters. In response to receiving the response, the reader device may perform the proximity determination procedure to obtain proximity information of the ambient wireless devices. For example, the reader device may utilize the various parameters associated with the response to determine whether the ambient wireless device may be associated with a “near” proximity or a “far” proximity relative to the reader device.
[0027] Aspects of the disclosure are initially described in the context of wireless communications systems. Aspects of the disclosure are further described in the context of wireless communications systems, timing diagrams, and process flows. Aspects of the disclosure are further illustrated by and described with reference to apparatus diagrams, system diagrams, and flowcharts that relate to proximity determination for ambient wireless devices. As used herein, the term “ (pre-) configured” may mean either configured or preconfigured, and the term “predefined” may mean defined in an accessible format, such as one or more standards documents. For example, if a proximity threshold is (pre-) configured at a device, the device may receive signaling (e.g., control signaling) that configures (e.g., indicates) the proximity threshold to the device, the device may be preconfigured with the proximity threshold, or both. Additionally, or alternatively, if the proximity threshold is predefined, the proximity threshold may be defined in one or more standards documents.
[0028] FIG. 1 shows an example of a wireless communications system 100 that supports proximity determination for ambient wireless devices in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The wireless communications system 100 may include one or more devices, such as one or more network devices (e.g., network entities 105) , one or more UEs 115, and a core network 130. In some examples, the wireless communications system 100 may be a Long Term Evolution (LTE) network, an LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) network, an LTE-A Pro network, a New Radio (NR) network, or a network operating in accordance with other systems and radio technologies, including future systems and radio technologies not explicitly mentioned herein.
[0029] The network entities 105 may be dispersed throughout a geographic area to form the wireless communications system 100 and may include devices in different forms or having different capabilities. In various examples, a network entity 105 may be referred to as a network element, a mobility element, a radio access network (RAN) node, or network equipment, among other nomenclature. In some examples, network entities 105 and UEs 115 may wirelessly communicate via communication link (s) 125 (e.g., a radio frequency (RF) access link) . For example, a network entity 105 may support a coverage area 110 (e.g., a geographic coverage area) over which the UEs 115 and the network entity 105 may establish the communication link (s) 125. The coverage area 110 may be an example of a geographic area over which a network entity 105 and a UE 115 may support the communication of signals according to one or more radio access technologies (RATs) .
[0030] The UEs 115 may be dispersed throughout a coverage area 110 of the wireless communications system 100, and each UE 115 may be stationary, or mobile, or both at different times. The UEs 115 may be devices in different forms or having different capabilities. Some example UEs 115 are illustrated in FIG. 1. The UEs 115 described herein may be capable of supporting communications with various types of devices in the wireless communications system 100 (e.g., other wireless communication devices, including UEs 115 or network entities 105) , as shown in FIG. 1.
[0031] As described herein, a node of the wireless communications system 100, which may be referred to as a network node, or a wireless node, may be a network entity 105 (e.g., any network entity described herein) , a UE 115 (e.g., any UE described herein) , a network controller, an apparatus, a device, a computing system, one or more components, or another suitable processing entity configured to perform any of the techniques described herein. For example, a node may be a UE 115. As another example, a node may be a network entity 105. As another example, a first node may be configured to communicate with a second node or a third node. In one aspect of this example, the first node may be a UE 115, the second node may be a network entity 105, and the third node may be a UE 115. In another aspect of this example, the first node may be a UE 115, the second node may be a network entity 105, and the third node may be a network entity 105. In yet other aspects of this example, the first, second, and third nodes may be different relative to these examples. Similarly, reference to a UE 115, network entity 105, apparatus, device, computing system, or the like may include disclosure of the UE 115, network entity 105, apparatus, device, computing system, or the like being a node. For example, disclosure that a UE 115 is configured to receive information from a network entity 105 also discloses that a first node is configured to receive information from a second node.
[0032] In some examples, network entities 105 may communicate with a core network 130, or with one another, or both. For example, network entities 105 may communicate with the core network 130 via backhaul communication link (s) 120 (e.g., in accordance with an S1, N2, N3, or other interface protocol) . In some examples, network entities 105 may communicate with one another via backhaul communication link (s) 120 (e.g., in accordance with an X2, Xn, or other interface protocol) either directly (e.g., directly between network entities 105) or indirectly (e.g., via the core network 130) . In some examples, network entities 105 may communicate with one another via a midhaul communication link 162 (e.g., in accordance with a midhaul interface protocol) or a fronthaul communication link 168 (e.g., in accordance with a fronthaul interface protocol) , or any combination thereof. The backhaul communication link (s) 120, midhaul communication links 162, or fronthaul communication links 168 may be or include one or more wired links (e.g., an electrical link, an optical fiber link) or one or more wireless links (e.g., a radio link, a wireless optical link) , among other examples or various combinations thereof. A UE 115 may communicate with the core network 130 via a communication link 155.
[0033] One or more of the network entities 105 or network equipment described herein may include or may be referred to as a base station 140 (e.g., a base transceiver station, a radio base station, an NR base station, an access point, a radio transceiver, a NodeB, an eNodeB (eNB) , a next-generation NodeB or giga-NodeB (either of which may be referred to as a gNB) , a 5G NB, a next-generation eNB (ng-eNB) , a Home NodeB, a Home eNodeB, or other suitable terminology) . In some examples, a network entity 105 (e.g., a base station 140) may be implemented in an aggregated (e.g., monolithic, standalone) base station architecture, which may be configured to utilize a protocol stack that is physically or logically integrated within one network entity (e.g., a network entity 105 or a single RAN node, such as a base station 140) .
[0034] In some examples, a network entity 105 may be implemented in a disaggregated architecture (e.g., a disaggregated base station architecture, a disaggregated RAN architecture) , which may be configured to utilize a protocol stack that is physically or logically distributed among multiple network entities (e.g., network entities 105) , such as an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) network, an open RAN (O-RAN) (e.g., a network configuration sponsored by the O-RAN Alliance) , or a virtualized RAN (vRAN) (e.g., a cloud RAN (C-RAN) ) . For example, a network entity 105 may include one or more of a central unit (CU) , such as a CU 160, a distributed unit (DU) , such as a DU 165, a radio unit (RU) , such as an RU 170, a RAN Intelligent Controller (RIC) , such as an RIC 175 (e.g., a Near-Real Time RIC (Near-RT RIC) , a Non-Real Time RIC (Non-RT RIC) ) , a Service Management and Orchestration (SMO) system, such as an SMO system 180, or any combination thereof. An RU 170 may also be referred to as a radio head, a smart radio head, a remote radio head (RRH) , a remote radio unit (RRU) , or a transmission reception point (TRP) . One or more components of the network entities 105 in a disaggregated RAN architecture may be co-located, or one or more components of the network entities 105 may be located in distributed locations (e.g., separate physical locations) . In some examples, one or more of the network entities 105 of a disaggregated RAN architecture may be implemented as virtual units (e.g., a virtual CU (VCU) , a virtual DU (VDU) , a virtual RU (VRU) ) .
[0035] The split of functionality between a CU 160, a DU 165, and an RU 170 is flexible and may support different functionalities depending on which functions (e.g., network layer functions, protocol layer functions, baseband functions, RF functions, or any combinations thereof) are performed at a CU 160, a DU 165, or an RU 170. For example, a functional split of a protocol stack may be employed between a CU 160 and a DU 165 such that the CU 160 may support one or more layers of the protocol stack and the DU 165 may support one or more different layers of the protocol stack. In some examples, the CU 160 may host upper protocol layer (e.g., layer 3 (L3) , layer 2 (L2) ) functionality and signaling (e.g., Radio Resource Control (RRC) , service data adaptation protocol (SDAP) , Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) ) . The CU 160 (e.g., one or more CUs) may be connected to a DU 165 (e.g., one or more DUs) or an RU 170 (e.g., one or more RUs) , or some combination thereof, and the DUs 165, RUs 170, or both may host lower protocol layers, such as layer 1 (L1) (e.g., physical (PHY) layer) or L2 (e.g., radio link control (RLC) layer, medium access control (MAC) layer) functionality and signaling, and may each be at least partially controlled by the CU 160. Additionally, or alternatively, a functional split of the protocol stack may be employed between a DU 165 and an RU 170 such that the DU 165 may support one or more layers of the protocol stack and the RU 170 may support one or more different layers of the protocol stack. The DU 165 may support one or multiple different cells (e.g., via one or multiple different RUs, such as an RU 170) . In some cases, a functional split between a CU 160 and a DU 165 or between a DU 165 and an RU 170 may be within a protocol layer (e.g., some functions for a protocol layer may be performed by one of a CU 160, a DU 165, or an RU 170, while other functions of the protocol layer are performed by a different one of the CU 160, the DU 165, or the RU 170) . A CU 160 may be functionally split further into CU control plane (CU-CP) and CU user plane (CU-UP) functions. A CU 160 may be connected to a DU 165 via a midhaul communication link 162 (e.g., F1, F1-c, F1-u) , and a DU 165 may be connected to an RU 170 via a fronthaul communication link 168 (e.g., open fronthaul (FH) interface) . In some examples, a midhaul communication link 162 or a fronthaul communication link 168 may be implemented in accordance with an interface (e.g., a channel) between layers of a protocol stack supported by respective network entities (e.g., one or more of the network entities 105) that are in communication via such communication links.
[0036] In some wireless communications systems (e.g., the wireless communications system 100) , infrastructure and spectral resources for radio access may support wireless backhaul link capabilities to supplement wired backhaul connections, providing an IAB network architecture (e.g., to a core network 130) . In some cases, in an IAB network, one or more of the network entities 105 (e.g., network entities 105 or IAB node (s) 104) may be partially controlled by each other. The IAB node (s) 104 may be referred to as a donor entity or an IAB donor. A DU 165 or an RU 170 may be partially controlled by a CU 160 associated with a network entity 105 or base station 140 (such as a donor network entity or a donor base station) . The one or more donor entities (e.g., IAB donors) may be in communication with one or more additional devices (e.g., IAB node (s) 104) via supported access and backhaul links (e.g., backhaul communication link (s) 120) . IAB node (s) 104 may include an IAB mobile termination (IAB-MT) controlled (e.g., scheduled) by one or more DUs (e.g., DUs 165) of a coupled IAB donor. An IAB-MT may be equipped with an independent set of antennas for relay of communications with UEs 115 or may share the same antennas (e.g., of an RU 170) of IAB node (s) 104 used for access via the DU 165 of the IAB node (s) 104 (e.g., referred to as virtual IAB-MT (vIAB-MT) ) . In some examples, the IAB node (s) 104 may include one or more DUs (e.g., DUs 165) that support communication links with additional entities (e.g., IAB node (s) 104, UEs 115) within the relay chain or configuration of the access network (e.g., downstream) . In such cases, one or more components of the disaggregated RAN architecture (e.g., the IAB node (s) 104 or components of the IAB node (s) 104) may be configured to operate according to the techniques described herein.
[0037] In the case of the techniques described herein applied in the context of a disaggregated RAN architecture, one or more components of the disaggregated RAN architecture may be configured to support test as described herein. For example, some operations described as being performed by a UE 115 or a network entity 105 (e.g., a base station 140) may additionally, or alternatively, be performed by one or more components of the disaggregated RAN architecture (e.g., components such as an IAB node, a DU 165, a CU 160, an RU 170, an RIC 175, an SMO system 180) .
[0038] A UE 115 may include or may be referred to as a mobile device, a wireless device, a remote device, a handheld device, or a subscriber device, or some other suitable terminology, where the “device” may also be referred to as a unit, a station, a terminal, or a client, among other examples. A UE 115 may also include or may be referred to as a personal electronic device such as a cellular phone, a personal digital assistant (PDA) , a tablet computer, a laptop computer, or a personal computer. In some examples, a UE 115 may include or be referred to as a wireless local loop (WLL) station, an Internet of Things (IoT) device, an Internet of Everything (IoE) device, or a machine type communications (MTC) device, among other examples, which may be implemented in various objects such as appliances, vehicles, or meters, among other examples.
[0039] The UEs 115 described herein may be able to communicate with various types of devices, such as UEs 115 that may sometimes operate as relays, as well as the network entities 105 and the network equipment including macro eNBs or gNBs, small cell eNBs or gNBs, or relay base stations, among other examples, as shown in FIG. 1.
[0040] The UEs 115 and the network entities 105 may wirelessly communicate with one another via the communication link (s) 125 (e.g., one or more access links) using resources associated with one or more carriers. The term “carrier” may refer to a set of RF spectrum resources having a defined PHY layer structure for supporting the communication link (s) 125. For example, a carrier used for the communication link (s) 125 may include a portion of an RF spectrum band (e.g., a bandwidth part (BWP) ) that is operated according to one or more PHY layer channels for a given RAT (e.g., LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, NR) . Each PHY layer channel may carry acquisition signaling (e.g., synchronization signals, system information) , control signaling that coordinates operation for the carrier, user data, or other signaling. The wireless communications system 100 may support communication with a UE 115 using carrier aggregation or multi-carrier operation. A UE 115 may be configured with multiple downlink component carriers and one or more uplink component carriers according to a carrier aggregation configuration. Carrier aggregation may be used with both frequency division duplexing (FDD) and time division duplexing (TDD) component carriers. Communication between a network entity 105 and other devices may refer to communication between the devices and any portion (e.g., entity, sub-entity) of a network entity 105. For example, the terms “transmitting, ” “receiving, ” or “communicating, ” when referring to a network entity 105, may refer to any portion of a network entity 105 (e.g., a base station 140, a CU 160, a DU 165, a RU 170) of a RAN communicating with another device (e.g., directly or via one or more other network entities, such as one or more of the network entities 105) .
[0041] In some examples, such as in a carrier aggregation configuration, a carrier may have acquisition signaling or control signaling that coordinates operations for other carriers. A carrier may be associated with a frequency channel (e.g., an evolved universal mobile telecommunication system terrestrial radio access (E-UTRA) absolute RF channel number (EARFCN) ) and may be identified according to a channel raster for discovery by the UEs 115. A carrier may be operated in a standalone mode, in which case initial acquisition and connection may be conducted by the UEs 115 via the carrier, or the carrier may be operated in a non-standalone mode, in which case a connection is anchored using a different carrier (e.g., of the same or a different RAT) .
[0042] The communication link (s) 125 of the wireless communications system 100 may include downlink transmissions (e.g., forward link transmissions) from a network entity 105 to a UE 115, uplink transmissions (e.g., return link transmissions) from a UE 115 to a network entity 105, or both, among other configurations of transmissions. Carriers may carry downlink or uplink communications (e.g., in an FDD mode) or may be configured to carry downlink and uplink communications (e.g., in a TDD mode) .
[0043] A carrier may be associated with a particular bandwidth of the RF spectrum and, in some examples, the carrier bandwidth may be referred to as a “system bandwidth” of the carrier or the wireless communications system 100. For example, the carrier bandwidth may be one of a set of bandwidths for carriers of a particular RAT (e.g., 1.4, 3, 5, 10, 15, 20, 40, or 80 megahertz (MHz) ) . Devices of the wireless communications system 100 (e.g., the network entities 105, the UEs 115, or both) may have hardware configurations that support communications using a particular carrier bandwidth or may be configurable to support communications using one of a set of carrier bandwidths. In some examples, the wireless communications system 100 may include network entities 105 or UEs 115 that support concurrent communications using carriers associated with multiple carrier bandwidths. In some examples, each served UE 115 may be configured for operating using portions (e.g., a sub-band, a BWP) or all of a carrier bandwidth.
[0044] Signal waveforms transmitted via a carrier may be made up of multiple subcarriers (e.g., using multi-carrier modulation (MCM) techniques such as orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) or discrete Fourier transform spread OFDM (DFT-S-OFDM) ) . In a system employing MCM techniques, a resource element may refer to resources of one symbol period (e.g., a duration of one modulation symbol) and one subcarrier, in which case the symbol period and subcarrier spacing may be inversely related. The quantity of bits carried by each resource element may depend on the modulation scheme (e.g., the order of the modulation scheme, the coding rate of the modulation scheme, or both) , such that a relatively higher quantity of resource elements (e.g., in a transmission duration) and a relatively higher order of a modulation scheme may correspond to a relatively higher rate of communication. A wireless communications resource may refer to a combination of an RF spectrum resource, a time resource, and a spatial resource (e.g., a spatial layer, a beam) , and the use of multiple spatial resources may increase the data rate or data integrity for communications with a UE 115.
[0045] The time intervals for the network entities 105 or the UEs 115 may be expressed in multiples of a basic time unit which may, for example, refer to a sampling period of Ts=1 / (Δfmax·Nf) seconds, for which Δfmax may represent a supported subcarrier spacing, and Nf may represent a supported discrete Fourier transform (DFT) size. Time intervals of a communications resource may be organized according to radio frames each having a specified duration (e.g., 10 milliseconds (ms) ) . Each radio frame may be identified by a system frame number (SFN) (e.g., ranging from 0 to 1023) .
[0046] Each frame may include multiple consecutively-numbered subframes or slots, and each subframe or slot may have the same duration. In some examples, a frame may be divided (e.g., in the time domain) into subframes, and each subframe may be further divided into a quantity of slots. Alternatively, each frame may include a variable quantity of slots, and the quantity of slots may depend on subcarrier spacing. Each slot may include a quantity of symbol periods (e.g., depending on the length of the cyclic prefix prepended to each symbol period) . In some wireless communications systems, such as the wireless communications system 100, a slot may further be divided into multiple mini-slots associated with one or more symbols. Excluding the cyclic prefix, each symbol period may be associated with one or more (e.g., Nf) sampling periods.
[0047] The duration of a symbol period may depend on the subcarrier spacing or frequency band of operation.
[0048] A subframe, a slot, a mini-slot, or a symbol may be the smallest scheduling unit (e.g., in the time domain) of the wireless communications system 100 and may be referred to as a transmission time interval (TTI) . In some examples, the TTI duration (e.g., a quantity of symbol periods in a TTI) may be variable. Additionally, or alternatively, the smallest scheduling unit of the wireless communications system 100 may be dynamically selected (e.g., in bursts of shortened TTIs (sTTIs) ) .
[0049] Physical channels may be multiplexed for communication using a carrier according to various techniques. A physical control channel and a physical data channel may be multiplexed for signaling via a downlink carrier, for example, using one or more of time division multiplexing (TDM) techniques, frequency division multiplexing (FDM) techniques, or hybrid TDM-FDM techniques. A control region (e.g., a control resource set (CORESET) ) for a physical control channel may be defined by a set of symbol periods and may extend across the system bandwidth or a subset of the system bandwidth of the carrier. One or more control regions (e.g., CORESETs) may be configured for a set of the UEs 115. For example, one or more of the UEs 115 may monitor or search control regions for control information according to one or more search space sets, and each search space set may include one or multiple control channel candidates in one or more aggregation levels arranged in a cascaded manner. An aggregation level for a control channel candidate may refer to an amount of control channel resources (e.g., control channel elements (CCEs) ) associated with encoded information for a control information format having a given payload size. Search space sets may include common search space sets configured for sending control information to UEs 115 (e.g., one or more UEs) or may include UE-specific search space sets for sending control information to a UE 115 (e.g., a specific UE) .
[0050] A network entity 105 may provide communication coverage via one or more cells, for example a macro cell, a small cell, a hot spot, or other types of cells, or any combination thereof. The term “cell” may refer to a logical communication entity used for communication with a network entity 105 (e.g., using a carrier) and may be associated with an identifier for distinguishing neighboring cells (e.g., a physical cell identifier (PCID) , a virtual cell identifier (VCID) ) . In some examples, a cell also may refer to a coverage area 110 or a portion of a coverage area 110 (e.g., a sector) over which the logical communication entity operates. Such cells may range from smaller areas (e.g., a structure, a subset of structure) to larger areas depending on various factors such as the capabilities of the network entity 105. For example, a cell may be or include a building, a subset of a building, or exterior spaces between or overlapping with coverage areas 110, among other examples.
[0051] A macro cell generally covers a relatively large geographic area (e.g., several kilometers in radius) and may allow unrestricted access by the UEs 115 with service subscriptions with the network provider supporting the macro cell. A small cell may be associated with a network entity 105 operating with lower power (e.g., a base station 140 operating with lower power) relative to a macro cell, and a small cell may operate using the same or different (e.g., licensed, unlicensed) frequency bands as macro cells. Small cells may provide unrestricted access to the UEs 115 with service subscriptions with the network provider or may provide restricted access to the UEs 115 having an association with the small cell (e.g., the UEs 115 in a closed subscriber group (CSG) , the UEs 115 associated with users in a home or office) . A network entity 105 may support one or more cells and may also support communications via the one or more cells using one or multiple component carriers.
[0052] In some examples, a carrier may support multiple cells, and different cells may be configured according to different protocol types (e.g., MTC, narrowband IoT (NB-IoT) , enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB) ) that may provide access for different types of devices.
[0053] In some examples, a network entity 105 (e.g., a base station 140, an RU 170) may be movable and therefore provide communication coverage for a moving coverage area, such as the coverage area 110. In some examples, coverage areas 110 (e.g., different coverage areas) associated with different technologies may overlap, but the coverage areas 110 (e.g., different coverage areas) may be supported by the same network entity (e.g., a network entity 105) . In some other examples, overlapping coverage areas, such as a coverage area 110, associated with different technologies may be supported by different network entities (e.g., the network entities 105) . The wireless communications system 100 may include, for example, a heterogeneous network in which different types of the network entities 105 support communications for coverage areas 110 (e.g., different coverage areas) using the same or different RATs.
[0054] Some UEs 115, such as MTC or IoT devices, may be relatively low cost or low complexity devices and may provide for automated communication between machines (e.g., via Machine-to-Machine (M2M) communication) . M2M communication or MTC may refer to data communication technologies that allow devices to communicate with one another or a network entity 105 (e.g., a base station 140) without human intervention. In some examples, M2M communication or MTC may include communications from devices that integrate sensors or meters to measure or capture information and relay such information to a central server or application program that uses the information or presents the information to humans interacting with the application program. Some UEs 115 may be designed to collect information or enable automated behavior of machines or other devices. Examples of applications for MTC devices include smart metering, inventory monitoring, water level monitoring, equipment monitoring, healthcare monitoring, wildlife monitoring, weather and geological event monitoring, fleet management and tracking, remote security sensing, physical access control, and transaction-based business charging.
[0055] The wireless communications system 100 may be configured to support ultra-reliable communications or low-latency communications, or various combinations thereof. For example, the wireless communications system 100 may be configured to support ultra-reliable low-latency communications (URLLC) . The UEs 115 may be designed to support ultra-reliable, low-latency, or critical functions. Ultra-reliable communications may include private communication or group communication and may be supported by one or more services such as push-to-talk, video, or data. Support for ultra-reliable, low-latency functions may include prioritization of services, and such services may be used for public safety or general commercial applications. The terms ultra-reliable, low-latency, and ultra-reliable low-latency may be used interchangeably herein.
[0056] In some examples, a UE 115 may be configured to support communicating directly with other UEs (e.g., one or more of the UEs 115) via a device-to-device (D2D) communication link, such as a D2D communication link 135 (e.g., in accordance with a peer-to-peer (P2P) , D2D, or sidelink protocol) . In some examples, one or more UEs 115 of a group that are performing D2D communications may be within the coverage area 110 of a network entity 105 (e.g., a base station 140, an RU 170) , which may support aspects of such D2D communications being configured by (e.g., scheduled by) the network entity 105. In some examples, one or more UEs 115 of such a group may be outside the coverage area 110 of a network entity 105 or may be otherwise unable to or not configured to receive transmissions from a network entity 105. In some examples, groups of the UEs 115 communicating via D2D communications may support a one-to-many (1: M) system in which each UE 115 transmits to one or more of the UEs 115 in the group. In some examples, a network entity 105 may facilitate the scheduling of resources for D2D communications. In some other examples, D2D communications may be carried out between the UEs 115 without an involvement of a network entity 105.
[0057] The core network 130 may provide user authentication, access authorization, tracking, Internet Protocol (IP) connectivity, and other access, routing, or mobility functions. The core network 130 may be an evolved packet core (EPC) or 5G core (5GC) , which may include at least one control plane entity that manages access and mobility (e.g., a mobility management entity (MME) , an access and mobility management function (AMF) ) and at least one user plane entity that routes packets or interconnects to external networks (e.g., a serving gateway (S-GW) , a Packet Data Network (PDN) gateway (P-GW) , or a user plane function (UPF) ) . The control plane entity may manage non-access stratum (NAS) functions such as mobility, authentication, and bearer management for the UEs 115 served by the network entities 105 (e.g., base stations 140) associated with the core network 130. User IP packets may be transferred through the user plane entity, which may provide IP address allocation as well as other functions. The user plane entity may be connected to IP services 150 for one or more network operators. The IP services 150 may include access to the Internet, Intranet (s) , an IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) , or a Packet-Switched Streaming Service.
[0058] The wireless communications system 100 may operate using one or more frequency bands, which may be in the range of 300 megahertz (MHz) to 300 gigahertz (GHz) . Generally, the region from 300 MHz to 3 GHz is known as the ultra-high frequency (UHF) region or decimeter band because the wavelengths range from approximately one decimeter to one meter in length. UHF waves may be blocked or redirected by buildings and environmental features, which may be referred to as clusters, but the waves may penetrate structures sufficiently for a macro cell to provide service to the UEs 115 located indoors. Communications using UHF waves may be associated with smaller antennas and shorter ranges (e.g., less than one hundred kilometers) compared to communications using the smaller frequencies and longer waves of the high frequency (HF) or very high frequency (VHF) portion of the spectrum below 300 MHz.
[0059] The wireless communications system 100 may utilize both licensed and unlicensed RF spectrum bands. For example, the wireless communications system 100 may employ License Assisted Access (LAA) , LTE-Unlicensed (LTE-U) RAT, or NR technology using an unlicensed band such as the 5 GHz industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) band. While operating using unlicensed RF spectrum bands, devices such as the network entities 105 and the UEs 115 may employ carrier sensing for collision detection and avoidance. In some examples, operations using unlicensed bands may be based on a carrier aggregation configuration in conjunction with component carriers operating using a licensed band (e.g., LAA) . Operations using unlicensed spectrum may include downlink transmissions, uplink transmissions, P2P transmissions, or D2D transmissions, among other examples.
[0060] A network entity 105 (e.g., a base station 140, an RU 170) or a UE 115 may be equipped with multiple antennas, which may be used to employ techniques such as transmit diversity, receive diversity, multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communications, or beamforming. The antennas of a network entity 105 or a UE 115 may be located within one or more antenna arrays or antenna panels, which may support MIMO operations or transmit or receive beamforming. For example, one or more base station antennas or antenna arrays may be co-located at an antenna assembly, such as an antenna tower. In some examples, antennas or antenna arrays associated with a network entity 105 may be located at diverse geographic locations. A network entity 105 may include an antenna array with a set of rows and columns of antenna ports that the network entity 105 may use to support beamforming of communications with a UE 115. Likewise, a UE 115 may include one or more antenna arrays that may support various MIMO or beamforming operations. Additionally, or alternatively, an antenna panel may support RF beamforming for a signal transmitted via an antenna port.
[0061] The network entities 105 or the UEs 115 may use MIMO communications to exploit multipath signal propagation and increase spectral efficiency by transmitting or receiving multiple signals via different spatial layers. Such techniques may be referred to as spatial multiplexing. The multiple signals may, for example, be transmitted by the transmitting device via different antennas or different combinations of antennas. Likewise, the multiple signals may be received by the receiving device via different antennas or different combinations of antennas. Each of the multiple signals may be referred to as a separate spatial stream and may carry information associated with the same data stream (e.g., the same codeword) or different data streams (e.g., different codewords) . Different spatial layers may be associated with different antenna ports used for channel measurement and reporting. MIMO techniques include single-user MIMO (SU-MIMO) , for which multiple spatial layers are transmitted to the same receiving device, and multiple-user MIMO (MU-MIMO) , for which multiple spatial layers are transmitted to multiple devices.
[0062] Beamforming, which may also be referred to as spatial filtering, directional transmission, or directional reception, is a signal processing technique that may be used at a transmitting device or a receiving device (e.g., a network entity 105, a UE 115) to shape or steer an antenna beam (e.g., a transmit beam, a receive beam) along a spatial path between the transmitting device and the receiving device. Beamforming may be achieved by combining the signals communicated via antenna elements of an antenna array such that some signals propagating along particular orientations with respect to an antenna array experience constructive interference while others experience destructive interference. The adjustment of signals communicated via the antenna elements may include a transmitting device or a receiving device applying amplitude offsets, phase offsets, or both to signals carried via the antenna elements associated with the device. The adjustments associated with each of the antenna elements may be defined by a beamforming weight set associated with a particular orientation (e.g., with respect to the antenna array of the transmitting device or receiving device, or with respect to some other orientation) .
[0063] A network entity 105 or a UE 115 may use beam sweeping techniques as part of beamforming operations. For example, a network entity 105 (e.g., a base station 140, an RU 170) may use multiple antennas or antenna arrays (e.g., antenna panels) to conduct beamforming operations for directional communications with a UE 115. Some signals (e.g., synchronization signals, reference signals, beam selection signals, or other control signals) may be transmitted by a network entity 105 multiple times along different directions. For example, the network entity 105 may transmit a signal according to different beamforming weight sets associated with different directions of transmission. Transmissions along different beam directions may be used to identify (e.g., by a transmitting device, such as a network entity 105, or by a receiving device, such as a UE 115) a beam direction for later transmission or reception by the network entity 105.
[0064] Some signals, such as data signals associated with a particular receiving device, may be transmitted by a transmitting device (e.g., a network entity 105 or a UE 115) along a single beam direction (e.g., a direction associated with the receiving device, such as another network entity 105 or UE 115) . In some examples, the beam direction associated with transmissions along a single beam direction may be determined based on a signal that was transmitted along one or more beam directions. For example, a UE 115 may receive one or more of the signals transmitted by the network entity 105 along different directions and may report to the network entity 105 an indication of the signal that the UE 115 received with a highest signal quality or an otherwise acceptable signal quality.
[0065] In some examples, transmissions by a device (e.g., by a network entity 105 or a UE 115) may be performed using multiple beam directions, and the device may use a combination of digital precoding or beamforming to generate a combined beam for transmission (e.g., from a network entity 105 to a UE 115) . The UE 115 may report feedback that indicates precoding weights for one or more beam directions, and the feedback may correspond to a configured set of beams across a system bandwidth or one or more sub-bands. The network entity 105 may transmit a reference signal (e.g., a cell-specific reference signal (CRS) , a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) ) , which may be precoded or unprecoded. The UE 115 may provide feedback for beam selection, which may be a precoding matrix indicator (PMI) or codebook-based feedback (e.g., a multi-panel type codebook, a linear combination type codebook, a port selection type codebook) . Although these techniques are described with reference to signals transmitted along one or more directions by a network entity 105 (e.g., a base station 140, an RU 170) , a UE 115 may employ similar techniques for transmitting signals multiple times along different directions (e.g., for identifying a beam direction for subsequent transmission or reception by the UE 115) or for transmitting a signal along a single direction (e.g., for transmitting data to a receiving device) .
[0066] A receiving device (e.g., a UE 115) may perform reception operations in accordance with multiple receive configurations (e.g., directional listening) when receiving various signals from a transmitting device (e.g., a network entity 105) , such as synchronization signals, reference signals, beam selection signals, or other control signals. For example, a receiving device may perform reception in accordance with multiple receive directions by receiving via different antenna subarrays, by processing received signals according to different antenna subarrays, by receiving according to different receive beamforming weight sets (e.g., different directional listening weight sets) applied to signals received at multiple antenna elements of an antenna array, or by processing received signals according to different receive beamforming weight sets applied to signals received at multiple antenna elements of an antenna array, any of which may be referred to as “listening” according to different receive configurations or receive directions. In some examples, a receiving device may use a single receive configuration to receive along a single beam direction (e.g., when receiving a data signal) . The single receive configuration may be aligned along a beam direction determined based on listening according to different receive configuration directions (e.g., a beam direction determined to have a highest signal strength, highest signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) , or otherwise acceptable signal quality based on listening according to multiple beam directions) .
[0067] In some cases, the wireless communications system 100 may include one or more ambient wireless devices 115, which may be examples of the UEs 115, of ambient IoT devices, another device. Ambient wireless devices 115 may be of one or more categories. For example, a first category of ambient wireless device 115 (e.g., a Device 1) may include ambient wireless devices 115 that are associated with approximately 1 microwatts (μW) of peak power consumption, include energy storage, are associated with an initial sampling frequency offset (SFO) that satisfies a threshold value (e.g., 10X parts per million (ppm) , where X may be determined by a work group) , are incapable of DL and UL amplification, are capable of UL transmission via backscattered (e.g., reflecting and modulating a carrier wave that an external device (e.g., a UE 115, a network entity 105) provides) , or any combination thereof. A second category of ambient wireless device 115 (e.g., a Device 2a) may include ambient wireless devices 115 that are associated with less than a few hundred μW (e.g., 300 μW) of peak power consumption, include energy storage, are associated with an initial SFO that satisfies a threshold value, are capable of DL and UL amplification, are capable of UL transmission via backscattered, or any combination thereof. A third category of ambient wireless device 115 (e.g., a Device 2b) may include ambient wireless devices 115 that are associated with less than a few hundred μW (e.g., 300 μW) of peak power consumption, include energy storage, are associated with an initial SFO that satisfies the threshold value, are capable of DL and UL amplification, are capable of UL transmission via a carrier wave that the ambient wireless device 115 generates internally, or any combination thereof.
[0068] In some cases, the wireless communications system 100 may employ ambient wireless devices 115 in one or more topologies, where each topology may be associated with one or more characteristics, a deployment scenario, or both. For example, a first topology (e.g., Topology 1, Deployment scenario 1) may include a network entities 105 communicating directly with an ambient wireless device 115. In some cases, a wireless communications system may employ the first topology based on the network entity 105 and the ambient wireless devices 115 being within a micro-cell, or in a same location (e.g., co-site) . A second topology (e.g., Topology 2, Deployment scenario 2) may include an intermediate node (e.g., a UE 115) communicating directly with the ambient wireless device 115 and transmitting data from the ambient wireless device 115 to a network entity 105. In some cases, the intermediate node may be under the control of the network entity 105. In some cases, a wireless communications system may employ the second topology based on the network entity 105 and the ambient wireless device 115 being within a macro-cell or in a same location. Additionally, or alternatively, the intermediate node may be located inside (e.g., indoors) .
[0069] In either topology, a device that communicates with the ambient wireless devices 115 may be referred to as a reader device (e.g., a UE 115, a network entity 105) . The ambient wireless devices 115 may communicate one or more types of wireless traffic with the reader devices, including device originated device terminated trigger (DO-DTT) traffic, device terminate (DT) traffic, rUC1 traffic (e.g., for indoor inventory management) , and rUC4 traffic (e.g., for indoor command management) .
[0070] The ambient wireless devices 115 may begin (e.g., or continue) communications with a reader device via a contention based access procedure. For example, the reader device may communicate with multiple ambient wireless devices 115 simultaneously (e.g., interleaved within a period) , and the reader device may employ a contention based access procedure to mitigate signaling collisions between different ambient wireless devices 115. In some cases, the contention based access procedure may include one or more operations (e.g., steps) .
[0071] In a first operation of the contention based access procedure, the reader device may transmit signaling (e.g., a command, a query) that may request a response from a group of ambient wireless devices 115. For example, the group may be based on geographic location of the ambient wireless devices 115 relative to the reader device. In some cases, (e.g., if the contention based access procedure is interleaved among contention based access procedures associated with one or more different reader devices) , the reader device may also indicate a corresponding identifier (e.g., reader ID) in the signaling.
[0072] In a second operation of the contention based access procedure, an ambient wireless device 115 may communicate the response to the reader device based on the signaling. For example, the ambient wireless device 115 may communicate the response via backscattering incident radio signals, or transmitting the response via a carrier wave that the ambient wireless device 115 generates internally. In some cases, the ambient wireless device 115 may select a frequency shift with which to communicate the response, which may differentiate the response of the ambient wireless device 115 from one or more other responses from one or more other ambient wireless devices 115 (e.g., which may not be known to the reader device) . To reduce a chance collisions between the responses of multiple ambient wireless devices 115, the ambient wireless device 115 may utilize orthogonal sequences (e.g., Hadamard sequences) as part of communicating the response.
[0073] In a third operation of the contention based access procedure, the reader device may transmit an indication of the response (e.g., a sequence associated with the response, a frequency shift associated with the response) based on receiving the response. In some cases, (e.g., if the contention based access procedure is interleaved among contention based access procedures associated with one or more different reader devices) , the reader device may include the corresponding identifier (e.g., corresponding to the reader device) and a message index in the indication.
[0074] In a fourth operation of the contention based access procedure, the ambient wireless device 115 may determine whether the indication from the reader device (e.g., from the third operation) corresponds to the ambient wireless device 115 (e.g., instead of one or more other ambient wireless devices 115) . If the indication from the reader device corresponds to the ambient wireless device 115, the ambient wireless device 115 may transmit an identifier (e.g., a device identifier, a group identifier, related information) to the reader device for contention resolution. In some cases, the reader device may identify the ambient wireless device 115 based on receiving the identifier of the fourth operation, and may communicate with the ambient wireless device 115 based on identifying the ambient wireless device 115.
[0075] A reader device in the wireless communications system 100 may communicate with an ambient wireless device 115 based on proximity information (e.g., a binary distance indication) of the ambient wireless device 115 relative to a reader device. For example, the proximity information may include an indication of either a near proximity or a far proximity of the ambient wireless device 115 relative to the reader device, which may change communications between the reader device and the ambient wireless device 115. Thus, a method for determining the proximity of the ambient wireless device 115 with respect to the reader device may be beneficial.
[0076] According to the techniques described herein, a reader device may transmit a signal to one or more ambient wireless devices 115 for use in a proximity determination procedure. The reader device may monitor for a response from the ambient wireless devices 115. In some examples, the response may be associated with the proximity determination procedure and may be associated with one or more measurements parameters. In response to receiving the response, the reader device may perform the proximity determination procedure to obtain proximity information of the ambient wireless devices 115. For example, the reader device may utilize the various parameters associated with the response to determine whether the ambient wireless device 115 may be associated with a “near” proximity or a “far” proximity relative to the reader device.
[0077] Techniques of the present disclosure may enable a reader device to obtain proximity information of the ambient wireless devices 115. Techniques described herein may decrease latency and increase efficiency of communication between the ambient wireless devices 115 and the associated reader device, while enabling efficient communications between the ambient wireless devices 115 and the reader devices. As such, techniques described herein may enable improved communication reliability and reduced latency at the ambient wireless devices 115, which may lead to improved user experience related to reduced processing, more efficient utilization of communication resources, improved coordination between devices, and an improved utilization of processing capability.
[0078] FIG. 2 shows an example of a wireless communications system 200 that supports proximity determination for ambient wireless devices in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. In some examples, the wireless communications system 200 may implement or be implemented by aspects of the wireless communications system 100 as described herein with reference to FIG. 1. For example, the wireless communications system 200 may include an ambient wireless device 115-a, which may be an example of ambient wireless devices 115 as described herein with reference to FIG. 1.
[0079] The wireless communications system 200 may include a reader device 205 and the ambient wireless device 115-a. The reader device 205 and the ambient wireless device 115-a may perform wireless communication (e.g., one or more of receiving, obtaining, transmitting, or outputting one or more of control information or data) via a communication link 125-a and a communication link 125-b, which may be examples of communications links 125 as described herein with reference to FIG. 1. In the example of FIG. 2, the reader device 205 may be equipped (e.g., configured) with a proximity determination manager 210 to support proximity determination of the ambient wireless device 115-a. For example, the proximity determination manager 210 may determine whether the ambient wireless device 115-a may be located at (e.g., within) a near proximity 230 or a far proximity 235 relative to the reader device 205.
[0080] The ambient wireless device 115-a may use power from ambient power sources to communicate information with the reader device 205. In the case that the ambient wireless device 115-a may “harvest” energy in this way to communicate with the reader device 205, it may beneficial for the ambient wireless device 115-a to be physically close to the reader device 205 such that less power may be lost. That is, in some cases, communications between the reader device 205 and the ambient wireless device 115-a may be based on a proximity of the ambient wireless device 115-a to the reader device 205. For example, the proximity of the ambient wireless device 115-amay be the near proximity 230, while other ambient wireless devices 115 may be associated with the far proximity 235 with respect to the reader device 205. Based on the proximity, the reader device 205 may perform one or more communications with the ambient wireless device 115-a. Thus, a method for determining the proximity of the ambient wireless device 115-a with respect to the reader device 205 may be beneficial.
[0081] According to the techniques described herein, the reader device 205 may transmit a signal 215 (e.g., a proximity determination query) to the ambient wireless device 115-a for use in a proximity determination procedure. The reader device 205 may monitor for a response 220 from the ambient wireless device 115-a. In some examples, the response 220 may be associated with the proximity determination procedure and may be associated with one or more measurements parameters. After receiving the response 220, the proximity determination manager 210 of the reader device 205 may perform the proximity determination procedure to obtain proximity information of the ambient wireless device 115-a. For example, the proximity determination manager 210 may utilize the various parameters associated with the response 220 to determine whether the ambient wireless device 115-a may be associated with the near proximity 230 or the far proximity 235 (e.g., relative to the reader device 205) . The reader device 205 may communicate one or more contention based signals 225 (e.g., contention based query) to the ambient wireless device 115-a based on the determined proximity information.
[0082] For example, the reader device 205 may transmit one or more signals 215 to the ambient wireless device 115-a. That is, the reader device 205 may transmit the signal 215 to the ambient wireless device 115-a via the communication link 125-a for a proximity determination procedure for the ambient wireless device 115-a. In some examples, the reader device 205 may transmit a power control indication to the ambient wireless device 115-a within the signal 215. The power control indication may include an expected (e.g., target) transmit power for the response 220 that to be transmitted or sent by the ambient wireless device 115-a. In some examples, the power control indication may enable the reader device 205 to estimate the proximity of the ambient wireless device 115-a based on the expected or target transmit power for the response 220.
[0083] In some examples, the reader device 205 may transmit the signal 215 according to a transmit power that may be different from transmit powers of other signals. For example, the reader device 205 may transmit the signal 215 to the ambient wireless device 115-a according to a transmit power that is different from a transmit power of the contention based signal 225. In some examples, the reader device 205 may transmit the signal 215 to the ambient wireless device 115-a based on a power difference between the transmit power of the signal 215 and the transmit power of the contention based signal 225. Additionally, or alternatively, the reader device 205 may transmit the signal 215 to the ambient wireless device 115-a based on a maximum allowed transmission power. In some examples, the transmit power of the signal 215 may be predefined or scheduled by the network (e.g., or an associated entity, such as the reader device 205 or a network entity 105) . In the case that the transmit power is predefined, the absolute value of the transmit power of the signal 215 may be different from the transmit power of a query for contention based access procedures.
[0084] The reader device 205 may monitor for one or more responses 220 from one or more ambient wireless devices 115. For example, the reader device 205 may monitor for the response 220 from the ambient wireless device 115-a. In some examples, the response 220 may be associated with the proximity determination procedure to be performed by the proximity determination manager 210. In response to the reader device 205, the proximity determination manager 210 may determine one or more measurement parameters of the response 220.
[0085] The one or more measurement parameters may include various power indications to be used in performing the proximity determination procedure. For example, the response 220 may include power in the form of received power, a received signal strength indicator (RSSI) , reference signal received power (RSRP) , a signal to interference and noise ratio (SINR) , or a combination thereof. In some examples, the power of the response 220 may be an example of the average power received via one or more various elements (e.g., tones, symbols, hops, packets) within a duration. In some examples, the power of the response 220 may be an example of the average power received via a single element (e.g., tones, symbols, hops, packets) within the duration. The power associated with the response 220 may be larger than a power threshold. In some examples, the power threshold may be (pre-) configured by the network, the reader device 205, or the network entity 105.
[0086] The measurement parameters of the response 220 may also include a device type of the ambient wireless device 115-a, an associated power amplification factor, or a combination thereof. For example, the response 220 may indicate that the ambient wireless device 115-a may not support amplification. In the case that the ambient wireless device 115-a may not support amplification, the ambient wireless device 115-amay be an example of a first category of ambient wireless device 115 (e.g., Device 1, as described in more detail herein) . In some other examples, the response 220 may indicate that the ambient wireless device 115-a may support amplification of the response transmit power. In the case that the ambient wireless device 115-a supports amplification, the ambient wireless device 115-a may be an example of a second or third category of ambient wireless device 115 (e.g., Device 2a, Device 2b, as described herein) . Additionally, or alternatively, in the case that the ambient wireless device 115-amay support amplification, the response 220 may also include an indication of a power amplification factor by which the transmit power of the response 220 may be amplified. In some examples, the power amplification factor may be an example of a real-time amplification factor. In the case that a maximum amplification factor has been reported as a capability (e.g., of the reader device 205, of the ambient wireless device 115-a) , the response 220 may include a scaling factor (e.g., two bits for {1 / 4, 1 / 2, 3 / 4, 1} of the maximum amplification) as the actual transmit power.
[0087] The response 220 may indicate one or more measurement parameters via a set bit (s) of the response 220. For example, in the case that the ambient wireless device 115-a may support a fixed level of amplification, the response 220 may include a bit to indicate the device type of the ambient wireless device 115-a, a bit to indicate whether the response 220 is amplified, or both. In some examples, the reader device 205 may transmit one or more bits indicating whether the response 220 is amplified while, in other examples, the ambient wireless device 115-a may transmit one or more bits indicating the device type.
[0088] The proximity determination manager 210 of the reader device 205 may perform a proximity determination procedure. For example, after receiving the response 220, the proximity determination manager 210 may perform the proximity determination procedure to obtain proximity information of the ambient wireless device 115-a. In some examples, the proximity information may indicate (e.g., to the reader device 205) one of the near proximity 230 or the far proximity 235 of the ambient wireless device 115-a relative to the reader device 205.
[0089] The reader device 205 may transmit, and the ambient wireless device 115-amay receive, the contention based signal 225. For example, based on the proximity determination manager 210 performing the proximity determination procedure and determining the proximity of the ambient wireless device 115-a to be the near proximity 230, the reader device 205 may transmit (e.g., to the ambient wireless device 115-a) the contention based signal 225 for the ambient wireless device 115-a to utilize in performing a contention based access procedure.
[0090] FIG. 3 shows an example of a timing diagram 300 that supports proximity determination for ambient wireless devices in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. In some examples, the timing diagram 300 may implement or be implemented by aspects of a wireless communications system 100, a wireless communications system 200, or a combination thereof as described herein with reference to FIGs. 1 and 2. For example, the timing diagram 300 may include an ambient wireless device 115-b, an ambient wireless device 115-c, and a reader device 205-a which may be examples of ambient wireless devices 115, an ambient wireless device 115-a, and a reader device 205 as described herein with reference to FIGs. 1 and 2.
[0091] The reader device 205-a may transmit one or more queries 305 (e.g., a query for proximity determination procedures, a signal) to the ambient wireless devices 115 for use in a proximity determination procedure. In some examples, the queries 305 may be associated with a transmit power that is less than a transmit power of a contention based query. Additionally, the reader device 205-a may transmit the one or more queries 305 using one or more transmission resource blocks that may be different from resource blocks used in contention based communications to reduce fading influence. Because the transmit power of the one or more queries 305 may be less than the transmit power contention based queries, only ambient wireless devices 115 associated with a “near” proximity may be able to receive the queries 305, be able to respond to the queries 305, or a combination thereof. In some examples, the reader device 205-a may define a maximum allowed transmit power of the queries 305. In some other examples, the reader device 205-a may define a power difference between the power of the queries 305 (e.g., the queries for proximity determination procedures) and the power of queries for contention based access procedures.
[0092] In some examples, the reader device 205-a may indicate the type of query to the ambient wireless device 115-b and the ambient wireless device 115-c via the queries 305. To alert to the ambient wireless devices 115 that the reader device 205-a may begin performing one or more proximity determination procedures, the reader device 205-amay transmit one or more indications. For example, the reader device 205-a may add a bit to each of the queries 305 to indicate that the queries 305 are for the proximity determination procedure. In other examples, the reader device 205-a may transmit a preamble with the queries 305 to indicate the purpose of the queries 305 to the ambient wireless devices 115. Additionally, or alternatively, the reader device 205-a may associate a defined proximity identifier with each of the ambient wireless devices 115 to indicate the near or far proximity of each of the ambient wireless devices 115. For example, the reader device 205-a may transmit a near proximity identifier and a far proximity identifier with each of the queries 305. The reader device 205-a may determine the proximity of each of the ambient wireless devices 115, and the reader device 205-a may attach one of the identifiers to each of the ambient wireless devices 115 such that each of the ambient wireless devices 115 may include a proximity identifier.
[0093] For example, the reader device 205-a may transmit a query 305-a to the ambient wireless device 115-b and the ambient wireless device 115-c for proximity determination. In some examples, ambient wireless device 115-b and the ambient wireless device 115-c may be located too far away from the reader device 205-a and may not be able to receive the query 305-a, may not be able to harvest enough energy to respond to the query 305-a, or a combination thereof. In the case that the reader device 205-a may not receive a response to the query 305-a (e.g., from either the ambient wireless device 115-b or the ambient wireless device 115-c) , the reader device 205-amay determine the ambient wireless device 115-b and the ambient wireless device 115-c to be associated with a “far” proximity.
[0094] In another example, the reader device 205-a may transmit a query 305-b to the ambient wireless device 115-b and the ambient wireless device 115-c for proximity determination. In some examples, the ambient wireless device 115-b may be located closer to the reader device 205-a and the ambient wireless device 115-c may be located far away from the reader device 205-a. That is, the ambient wireless device 115-b may be located close enough to the reader device 205-a to receive the query 305-b and return a response 310 to the reader device 205-a, while the ambient wireless device 115-c may be located far enough away to not receive the query 305-b, not be able to respond to the query 305-b, or a combination thereof. In the case that the reader device 205-a may receive the response 310, the reader device 205-a may determine the ambient wireless device 115-b to be associated with a “near” proximity and may determine the ambient wireless device 115-c to be associated with a “far” proximity. In some examples, the ambient wireless device 115-b may transmit the response 310 at the start of a contention based duration 315 (e.g., the response 310 may initiate the contention based duration 315) .
[0095] In some examples, the reader device 205-a may receive the response 310 and may determine the ambient wireless device 115-b to be associated with the near proximity. For example, based on the response 310, the reader device 205-a may determine the ambient wireless device 115-b to be associated with the near proximity, as described in more detail herein. In some examples, the reader device 205-a may utilize a set bit to indicate that the ambient wireless device 115-b is associated with the near proximity (e.g., is a near device) . In response to determining that the ambient wireless device 115-b is associated with the near proximity, the reader device 205-a and the ambient wireless device 115-b may continue to communicate various transmissions and data during the contention based duration 315.
[0096] In the case that the reader device 205-a may transmit the queries 305 (e.g., one or more queries for proximity determination procedures) and one or more queries for contention based access procedures during a short duration (e.g., or at the same time) , the reader device 205-a may transmit the queries 305 (e.g., one or more queries for proximity determination procedures) prior to transmitting the queries for contention based access procedures. Additionally, or alternatively, the reader device 205-a may control the transmission duration of the queries 305 to determine which of the ambient wireless devices 115 is associated with a near proximity. For example, the reader device 205-a may transmit the query 305-b during a short duration such that the ambient wireless devices 115 within a short distance from the reader device 205-a (e.g., the ambient wireless device 115-b) may receive the query 305-b and be able to harvest enough energy to respond to the query 305-b. In other examples, the reader device 205-a may transmit a query 305 during a relatively longer duration such that the ambient wireless devices 115 within a relatively longer distance from the reader device 205-a (e.g., the ambient wireless device 115-b, the ambient wireless device 115-c) may receive the longer query 305 and be able to harvest enough energy to respond to the query 305. That is, the reader device 205-a may control how far from the reader device 205-a the “near” proximity is by changing the transmit duration of the queries 305.
[0097] FIG. 4 shows an example of a process flow 400 that supports proximity determination for ambient wireless devices in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. Aspects of the process flow 400 may implement, or be implemented by, aspects of the wireless communications system 100, the wireless communications system 200, the timing diagram 300, or a combination thereof. For example, the process flow 400 illustrates signaling and configurations that enable a reader device to perform a proximity determination procedure to obtain the proximity of one or more ambient wireless devices.
[0098] The process flow 400 includes an ambient wireless device 115-d and a reader device 205-b, which may be examples of ambient wireless devices 115, reader devices 205, and other wireless devices as described herein. For example, the ambient wireless device 115-d and the reader device 205-b illustrated in FIG. 4 may be examples of an ambient wireless device 115-a, an ambient wireless device 115-b, an ambient wireless device 115-c, a reader device 205, a reader device 205-a, or a combination thereof as described with reference to FIGs. 1 through 3, respectively.
[0099] In some examples, the operations illustrated in process flow 400 may be performed by hardware (e.g., including circuitry, processing blocks, logic components, and other components) , code such as processor-executable code (e.g., software or firmware) executed by a processor, or any combination thereof. Alternative examples of the following may be implemented, where some steps are performed in a different order than described or are not performed at all. In some cases, steps may include additional features not mentioned below, or further steps may be added.
[0100] At 405, the reader device 205-b may transmit one or more signals to one or more ambient wireless devices 115. For example, the reader device 205-b may transmit a signal to the ambient wireless device 115-d for a proximity determination procedure for the ambient wireless device 115-d. In some examples, transmitting the signal may include the reader device 205-b additionally transmitting various indications and transmitting according to various criteria. For example, the reader device 205-b may transmit a power control indication to the ambient wireless device 115-d within the signal. The power control indication may include an expected transmit power for one or more responses from the ambient wireless device 115-d. In some examples, the reader device 205-b may transmit the signal according to a transmit power that may be different from transmit powers of other signals. For example, the reader device 205-b may transmit the signal to the ambient wireless device 115-d according to a transmit power that is different from a transmit power of a contention based signal. In some examples, the reader device 205-b may transmit the signal to the ambient wireless device 115-d based on a power difference between a transmission power of the signal and a transmission power of the contention based signal. Additionally, or alternatively, the reader device 205-b may transmit the signal to the ambient wireless device 115-d based on a maximum allowed transmission power.
[0101] At 410, the reader device 205-b may monitor for a response from the one or more ambient wireless devices 115. For example, the reader device 205-b may monitor for a response to the transmitted signal from the ambient wireless device 115-d In some examples, the response may be associated with the proximity determination procedure for the ambient wireless devices 115-d and may be associated with one or more measurement parameters.
[0102] At 415, the one or more ambient wireless devices may transmit, and the reader device 205-b may receive, a response. For example, the ambient wireless device 115-d may transmit and the reader device 205-b may receive a response including various data. In some examples, the response may indicate a device type of the ambient wireless device 115-d, a power amplification factor associated with the response, a power amplification capability associated with the ambient wireless device 115-d, or any combination thereof. In some examples, the power amplification factor may include one or more bits indicating whether the response is amplified. In some cases, the transmit power of the response may be based on the power difference between the transmission power of the signal and the transmission power of the contention based signal.
[0103] At 420, the reader device 205-b may perform a proximity determination procedure. For example, based on the monitoring and in response to receiving the response, the reader device 205-b may perform the proximity determination procedure to obtain proximity information of the ambient wireless device 115-d. In some examples, the proximity information may indicate (e.g., to the reader device 205-b) one of a near proximity or a far proximity of the ambient wireless device 115-d relative to the reader device. In some cases, the proximity determination procedure may be based on the power control indication (e.g., transmitted to the ambient wireless device 115-d at 405) .
[0104] At 425, the reader device 205-b may transmit, and the ambient wireless device 115-d may receive, second signaling. For example, based on the proximity determination procedure indicating the near proximity of the ambient wireless device 115-d, the reader device 205-b may transmit (e.g., to the ambient wireless device 115-d) a second signal (e.g., a contention based signal) for a contention based access procedure for the ambient wireless device 115-d.
[0105] According to these techniques, the reader device 205-b may determine proximity information associated with the ambient wireless device 115-d relative to the reader device 205-b. In some cases, such techniques may allow the reader device 205-b and the ambient wireless device 115-d to perform wireless communications with a higher reliability.
[0106] FIG. 5 shows a block diagram 500 of a device 505 that supports proximity determination for ambient wireless devices in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The device 505 may be an example of aspects of a reader device as described herein. The device 505 may include a receiver 510, a transmitter 515, and a communications manager 520. The device 505, or one or more components of the device 505 (e.g., the receiver 510, the transmitter 515, the communications manager 520) , may include at least one processor, which may be coupled with at least one memory, to, individually or collectively, support or enable the described techniques. Each of these components may be in communication with one another (e.g., via one or more buses) .
[0107] The receiver 510 may provide a means for receiving information such as packets, user data, control information, or any combination thereof associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels related to proximity determination for ambient wireless devices) . Information may be passed on to other components of the device 505. The receiver 510 may utilize a single antenna or a set of multiple antennas.
[0108] The transmitter 515 may provide a means for transmitting signals generated by other components of the device 505. For example, the transmitter 515 may transmit information such as packets, user data, control information, or any combination thereof associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels related to proximity determination for ambient wireless devices) . In some examples, the transmitter 515 may be co-located with a receiver 510 in a transceiver module. The transmitter 515 may utilize a single antenna or a set of multiple antennas.
[0109] The communications manager 520, the receiver 510, the transmitter 515, or various combinations or components thereof may be examples of means for performing various aspects of proximity determination for ambient wireless devices as described herein. For example, the communications manager 520, the receiver 510, the transmitter 515, or various combinations or components thereof may be capable of performing one or more of the functions described herein.
[0110] In some examples, the communications manager 520, the receiver 510, the transmitter 515, or various combinations or components thereof may be implemented in hardware (e.g., in communications management circuitry) . The hardware may include at least one of a processor, a DSP, a CPU, an ASIC, an FPGA or other programmable logic device, a microcontroller, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof configured as or otherwise supporting, individually or collectively, a means for performing the functions described in the present disclosure. In some examples, at least one processor and at least one memory coupled with the at least one processor may be configured to perform one or more of the functions described herein (e.g., by one or more processors, individually or collectively, executing instructions stored in the at least one memory) .
[0111] Additionally, or alternatively, the communications manager 520, the receiver 510, the transmitter 515, or various combinations or components thereof may be implemented in code (e.g., as communications management software or firmware) executed by at least one processor (e.g., referred to as a processor-executable code) . If implemented in code executed by at least one processor, the functions of the communications manager 520, the receiver 510, the transmitter 515, or various combinations or components thereof may be performed by a general-purpose processor, a DSP, a CPU, an ASIC, an FPGA, a microcontroller, or any combination of these or other programmable logic devices (e.g., configured as or otherwise supporting, individually or collectively, a means for performing the functions described in the present disclosure) .
[0112] In some examples, the communications manager 520 may be configured to perform various operations (e.g., receiving, obtaining, monitoring, outputting, transmitting) using or otherwise in cooperation with the receiver 510, the transmitter 515, or both. For example, the communications manager 520 may receive information from the receiver 510, send information to the transmitter 515, or be integrated in combination with the receiver 510, the transmitter 515, or both to obtain information, output information, or perform various other operations as described herein.
[0113] The communications manager 520 may support wireless communications in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. For example, the communications manager 520 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting a signal to one or more ambient wireless devices for a proximity determination procedure for the one or more ambient wireless devices. The communications manager 520 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for monitoring for a response from the one or more ambient wireless devices, the response associated with the proximity determination procedure for the one or more ambient wireless devices. The communications manager 520 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for performing the proximity determination procedure to obtain proximity information of the one or more ambient wireless devices based on the monitoring and on one or more measurement parameters associated with the response, where the proximity information indicates one of a near proximity or a far proximity of the one or more ambient wireless devices relative to the reader device.
[0114] By including or configuring the communications manager 520 in accordance with examples as described herein, the device 505 (e.g., at least one processor controlling or otherwise coupled with the receiver 510, the transmitter 515, the communications manager 520, or a combination thereof) may support techniques for reduced power consumption and more efficient utilization of communication resources.
[0115] FIG. 6 shows a block diagram 600 of a device 605 that supports proximity determination for ambient wireless devices in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The device 605 may be an example of aspects of a device 505 or a reader device as described herein. The device 605 may include a receiver 610, a transmitter 615, and a communications manager 620. The device 605, or one or more components of the device 605 (e.g., the receiver 610, the transmitter 615, the communications manager 620) , may include at least one processor, which may be coupled with at least one memory, to support the described techniques. Each of these components may be in communication with one another (e.g., via one or more buses) .
[0116] The receiver 610 may provide a means for receiving information such as packets, user data, control information, or any combination thereof associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels related to proximity determination for ambient wireless devices) . Information may be passed on to other components of the device 605. The receiver 610 may utilize a single antenna or a set of multiple antennas.
[0117] The transmitter 615 may provide a means for transmitting signals generated by other components of the device 605. For example, the transmitter 615 may transmit information such as packets, user data, control information, or any combination thereof associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels related to proximity determination for ambient wireless devices) . In some examples, the transmitter 615 may be co-located with a receiver 610 in a transceiver module. The transmitter 615 may utilize a single antenna or a set of multiple antennas.
[0118] The device 605, or various components thereof, may be an example of means for performing various aspects of proximity determination for ambient wireless devices as described herein. For example, the communications manager 620 may include a signaling manager 625, a response manager 630, a proximity determination manager 635, or any combination thereof. The communications manager 620 may be an example of aspects of a communications manager 520 as described herein. In some examples, the communications manager 620, or various components thereof, may be configured to perform various operations (e.g., receiving, obtaining, monitoring, outputting, transmitting) using or otherwise in cooperation with the receiver 610, the transmitter 615, or both. For example, the communications manager 620 may receive information from the receiver 610, send information to the transmitter 615, or be integrated in combination with the receiver 610, the transmitter 615, or both to obtain information, output information, or perform various other operations as described herein.
[0119] The communications manager 620 may support wireless communications in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. The signaling manager 625 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting a signal to one or more ambient wireless devices for a proximity determination procedure for the one or more ambient wireless devices. The response manager 630 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for monitoring for a response from the one or more ambient wireless devices, the response associated with the proximity determination procedure for the one or more ambient wireless devices. The proximity determination manager 635 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for performing the proximity determination procedure to obtain proximity information of the one or more ambient wireless devices based on the monitoring and on one or more measurement parameters associated with the response, where the proximity information indicates one of a near proximity or a far proximity of the one or more ambient wireless devices relative to the reader device.
[0120] FIG. 7 shows a block diagram 700 of a communications manager 720 that supports proximity determination for ambient wireless devices in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The communications manager 720 may be an example of aspects of a communications manager 520, a communications manager 620, or both, as described herein. The communications manager 720, or various components thereof, may be an example of means for performing various aspects of proximity determination for ambient wireless devices as described herein. For example, the communications manager 720 may include a signaling manager 725, a response manager 730, a proximity determination manager 735, a contention based signaling manager 740, a transmit power manager 745, or any combination thereof. Each of these components, or components or subcomponents thereof (e.g., one or more processors, one or more memories) , may communicate, directly or indirectly, with one another (e.g., via one or more buses) .
[0121] The communications manager 720 may support wireless communications in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. The signaling manager 725 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting a signal to one or more ambient wireless devices for a proximity determination procedure for the one or more ambient wireless devices. The response manager 730 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for monitoring for a response from the one or more ambient wireless devices, the response associated with the proximity determination procedure for the one or more ambient wireless devices. The proximity determination manager 735 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for performing the proximity determination procedure to obtain proximity information of the one or more ambient wireless devices based on the monitoring and on one or more measurement parameters associated with the response, where the proximity information indicates one of a near proximity or a far proximity of the one or more ambient wireless devices relative to the reader device.
[0122] In some examples, to support monitoring for the response, the response manager 730 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving the response from an ambient wireless device of the one or more ambient wireless devices, the response indicating a device type of the ambient wireless device, a power amplification factor associated with the response, a power amplification capability associated with the ambient wireless device, or any combination thereof.
[0123] In some examples, to support monitoring for the response, the response manager 730 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving the response from the ambient wireless device of the one or more ambient wireless devices, the response including the power amplification factor associated with the response, where the power amplification factor includes one or more bits indicating whether the response is amplified.
[0124] In some examples, to support transmitting the signal to the one or more ambient wireless devices, the signaling manager 725 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting, in the signal, a power control indication to the one or more ambient wireless devices, the power control indication includes an expected transmit power for the response, where the proximity determination procedure is based on the power control indication.
[0125] In some examples, the contention based signaling manager 740 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting, to the one or more ambient wireless devices, a second signal for a contention based access procedure for the one or more ambient wireless devices based on the proximity determination procedure indicating the near proximity of the one or more ambient wireless devices.
[0126] In some examples, to support transmitting the signal, the transmit power manager 745 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting the signal according to a first transmit power that is different from a second transmit power of the second signal.
[0127] In some examples, the signaling manager 725 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting the signal to the one or more ambient wireless devices based on a power difference between a transmission power of the signal and a transmission power of the second signal, where a transmit power of the response is based on the power difference.
[0128] In some examples, the signaling manager 725 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting the signal to the one or more ambient wireless devices based on a maximum allowed transmission power, where a transmit power of the response is based on the maximum allowed transmission power.
[0129] In some examples, the response manager 730 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving the response from the one or more ambient wireless devices, where the proximity determination procedure is performed based on receiving the response.
[0130] FIG. 8 shows a diagram of a system 800 including a device 805 that supports proximity determination for ambient wireless devices in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The device 805 may be an example of or include components of a device 505, a device 605, or a reader device as described herein. The device 805 may include components for bi-directional voice and data communications including components for transmitting and receiving communications, such as a communications manager 820, an I / O controller, such as an I / O controller 810, a transceiver 815, one or more antennas 825, at least one memory 830, code 835, and at least one processor 840. These components may be in electronic communication or otherwise coupled (e.g., operatively, communicatively, functionally, electronically, electrically) via one or more buses (e.g., a bus 845) .
[0131] The I / O controller 810 may manage input and output signals for the device 805. The I / O controller 810 may also manage peripherals not integrated into the device 805. In some cases, the I / O controller 810 may represent a physical connection or port to an external peripheral. In some cases, the I / O controller 810 may utilize an operating system such as or another known operating system. Additionally, or alternatively, the I / O controller 810 may represent or interact with a modem, a keyboard, a mouse, a touchscreen, or a similar device. In some cases, the I / O controller 810 may be implemented as part of one or more processors, such as the at least one processor 840. In some cases, a user may interact with the device 805 via the I / O controller 810 or via hardware components controlled by the I / O controller 810.
[0132] In some cases, the device 805 may include a single antenna. However, in some other cases, the device 805 may have more than one antenna, which may be capable of concurrently transmitting or receiving multiple wireless transmissions. The transceiver 815 may communicate bi-directionally via the one or more antennas 825 using wired or wireless links as described herein. For example, the transceiver 815 may represent a wireless transceiver and may communicate bi-directionally with another wireless transceiver. The transceiver 815 may also include a modem to modulate the packets, to provide the modulated packets to one or more antennas 825 for transmission, and to demodulate packets received from the one or more antennas 825. The transceiver 815, or the transceiver 815 and one or more antennas 825, may be an example of a transmitter 515, a transmitter 615, a receiver 510, a receiver 610, or any combination thereof or component thereof, as described herein.
[0133] The at least one memory 830 may include RAM and ROM. The at least one memory 830 may store computer-readable, computer-executable, or processor-executable code, such as the code 835. The code 835 may include instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor 840, cause the device 805 to perform various functions described herein. The code 835 may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium such as system memory or another type of memory. In some cases, the code 835 may not be directly executable by the at least one processor 840 but may cause a computer (e.g., when compiled and executed) to perform functions described herein. In some cases, the at least one memory 830 may include, among other things, a BIOS which may control basic hardware or software operation such as the interaction with peripheral components or devices.
[0134] The at least one processor 840 may include one or more intelligent hardware devices (e.g., one or more general-purpose processors, one or more DSPs, one or more CPUs, one or more graphics processing units (GPUs) , one or more neural processing units (NPUs) (also referred to as neural network processors or deep learning processors (DLPs) ) , one or more microcontrollers, one or more ASICs, one or more FPGAs, one or more programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic, one or more discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof) . In some cases, the at least one processor 840 may be configured to operate a memory array using a memory controller. In some other cases, a memory controller may be integrated into the at least one processor 840. The at least one processor 840 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in a memory (e.g., the at least one memory 830) to cause the device 805 to perform various functions (e.g., functions or tasks supporting proximity determination for ambient wireless devices) . For example, the device 805 or a component of the device 805 may include at least one processor 840 and at least one memory 830 coupled with or to the at least one processor 840, the at least one processor 840 and the at least one memory 830 configured to perform various functions described herein.
[0135] In some examples, the at least one processor 840 may include multiple processors and the at least one memory 830 may include multiple memories. One or more of the multiple processors may be coupled with one or more of the multiple memories, which may, individually or collectively, be configured to perform various functions described herein. In some examples, the at least one processor 840 may be a component of a processing system, which may refer to a system (such as a series) of machines, circuitry (including, for example, one or both of processor circuitry (which may include the at least one processor 840) and memory circuitry (which may include the at least one memory 830) ) , or components, that receives or obtains inputs and processes the inputs to produce, generate, or obtain a set of outputs. The processing system may be configured to perform one or more of the functions described herein. For example, the at least one processor 840 or a processing system including the at least one processor 840 may be configured to, configurable to, or operable to cause the device 805 to perform one or more of the functions described herein. Further, as described herein, being “configured to, ” being “configurable to, ” and being “operable to” may be used interchangeably and may be associated with a capability, when executing code 835 (e.g., processor-executable code) stored in the at least one memory 830 or otherwise, to perform one or more of the functions described herein.
[0136] The communications manager 820 may support wireless communications in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. For example, the communications manager 820 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting a signal to one or more ambient wireless devices for a proximity determination procedure for the one or more ambient wireless devices. The communications manager 820 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for monitoring for a response from the one or more ambient wireless devices, the response associated with the proximity determination procedure for the one or more ambient wireless devices. The communications manager 820 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for performing the proximity determination procedure to obtain proximity information of the one or more ambient wireless devices based on the monitoring and on one or more measurement parameters associated with the response, where the proximity information indicates one of a near proximity or a far proximity of the one or more ambient wireless devices relative to the reader device.
[0137] By including or configuring the communications manager 820 in accordance with examples as described herein, the device 805 may support techniques for improved communication reliability, improved user experience related to reduced processing, and improved coordination between devices.
[0138] In some examples, the communications manager 820 may be configured to perform various operations (e.g., receiving, monitoring, transmitting) using or otherwise in cooperation with the transceiver 815, the one or more antennas 825, or any combination thereof. Although the communications manager 820 is illustrated as a separate component, in some examples, one or more functions described with reference to the communications manager 820 may be supported by or performed by the at least one processor 840, the at least one memory 830, the code 835, or any combination thereof. For example, the code 835 may include instructions executable by the at least one processor 840 to cause the device 805 to perform various aspects of proximity determination for ambient wireless devices as described herein, or the at least one processor 840 and the at least one memory 830 may be otherwise configured to, individually or collectively, perform or support such operations.
[0139] FIG. 9 shows a flowchart illustrating a method 900 that supports proximity determination for ambient wireless devices in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method 900 may be implemented by a reader device or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 900 may be performed by a reader device as described with reference to FIGs. 1 through 8. In some examples, a reader device may execute a set of instructions to control the functional elements of the reader device to perform the described functions. Additionally, or alternatively, the reader device may perform aspects of the described functions using special-purpose hardware.
[0140] At 905, the method may include transmitting a signal to one or more ambient wireless devices for a proximity determination procedure for the one or more ambient wireless devices. The operations of 905 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 905 may be performed by a signaling manager 725 as described with reference to FIG. 7.
[0141] At 910, the method may include monitoring for a response from the one or more ambient wireless devices, the response associated with the proximity determination procedure for the one or more ambient wireless devices. The operations of 910 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 910 may be performed by a response manager 730 as described with reference to FIG. 7.
[0142] At 915, the method may include performing the proximity determination procedure to obtain proximity information of the one or more ambient wireless devices based on the monitoring and on one or more measurement parameters associated with the response, where the proximity information indicates one of a near proximity or a far proximity of the one or more ambient wireless devices relative to the reader device. The operations of 915 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 915 may be performed by a proximity determination manager 735 as described with reference to FIG. 7.
[0143] The following provides an overview of aspects of the present disclosure:
[0144] Aspect 1: A method for wireless communications at a reader device, comprising: transmitting a signal to one or more ambient wireless devices for a proximity determination procedure for the one or more ambient wireless devices; monitoring for a response from the one or more ambient wireless devices, the response associated with the proximity determination procedure for the one or more ambient wireless devices; and performing the proximity determination procedure to obtain proximity information of the one or more ambient wireless devices based at least in part on the monitoring and on one or more measurement parameters associated with the response, wherein the proximity information indicates one of a near proximity or a far proximity of the one or more ambient wireless devices relative to the reader device.
[0145] Aspect 2: The method of aspect 1, wherein monitoring for the response comprises: receiving the response from an ambient wireless device of the one or more ambient wireless devices, the response indicating a device type of the ambient wireless device, a power amplification factor associated with the response, a power amplification capability associated with the ambient wireless device, or any combination thereof.
[0146] Aspect 3: The method of aspect 2, wherein monitoring for the response comprises: receiving the response from the ambient wireless device of the one or more ambient wireless devices, the response comprising the power amplification factor associated with the response, wherein the power amplification factor comprises one or more bits indicating whether the response is amplified.
[0147] Aspect 4: The method of any of aspects 1 through 3, wherein transmitting the signal to the one or more ambient wireless devices comprises: transmitting, in the signal, a power control indication to the one or more ambient wireless devices, the power control indication comprises an expected transmit power for the response, wherein the proximity determination procedure is based at least in part on the power control indication.
[0148] Aspect 5: The method of any of aspects 1 through 4, further comprising: transmitting, to the one or more ambient wireless devices, a second signal for a contention based access procedure for the one or more ambient wireless devices based at least in part on the proximity determination procedure indicating the near proximity of the one or more ambient wireless devices.
[0149] Aspect 6: The method of aspect 5, wherein transmitting the signal comprises: transmitting the signal according to a first transmit power that is different from a second transmit power of the second signal.
[0150] Aspect 7: The method of any of aspects 5 through 6, further comprising: transmitting the signal to the one or more ambient wireless devices based at least in part on a power difference between a transmission power of the signal and a transmission power of the second signal, wherein a transmit power of the response is based at least in part on the power difference.
[0151] Aspect 8: The method of any of aspects 1 through 7, further comprising: transmitting the signal to the one or more ambient wireless devices based at least in part on a maximum allowed transmission power, wherein a transmit power of the response is based at least in part on the maximum allowed transmission power.
[0152] Aspect 9: The method of any of aspects 1 through 8, further comprising: receiving the response from the one or more ambient wireless devices, wherein the proximity determination procedure is performed based at least in part on receiving the response.
[0153] Aspect 10: A reader device for wireless communications, comprising one or more memories storing processor-executable code, and one or more processors coupled with the one or more memories and individually or collectively operable to execute the code to cause the reader device to perform a method of any of aspects 1 through 9.
[0154] Aspect 11: A reader device for wireless communications, comprising at least one means for performing a method of any of aspects 1 through 9.
[0155] Aspect 12: A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communications, the code comprising instructions executable by one or more processors to perform a method of any of aspects 1 through 9.
[0156] It should be noted that the methods described herein describe possible implementations. The operations and the steps may be rearranged or otherwise modified and other implementations are possible. Further, aspects from two or more of the methods may be combined.
[0157] Although aspects of an LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, or NR system may be described for purposes of example, and LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, or NR terminology may be used in much of the description, the techniques described herein are applicable beyond LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, or NR networks. For example, the described techniques may be applicable to various other wireless communications systems such as Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB) , Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 (Wi-Fi) , IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX) , IEEE 802.20, Flash-OFDM, as well as other systems and radio technologies not explicitly mentioned herein.
[0158] Information and signals described herein may be represented using any of a variety of different technologies and techniques. For example, data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, and chips that may be referenced throughout the description may be represented by voltages, currents, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or particles, optical fields or particles, or any combination thereof.
[0159] The various illustrative blocks and components described in connection with the disclosure herein may be implemented or performed using a general-purpose processor, a DSP, an ASIC, a CPU, a graphics processing unit (GPU) , a neural processing unit (NPU) , an FPGA or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof designed to perform the functions described herein. A general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor but, in the alternative, the processor may be any processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine. A processor may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices (e.g., a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, multiple microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in conjunction with a DSP core, or any other such configuration) . Any functions or operations described herein as being capable of being performed by a processor may be performed by multiple processors that, individually or collectively, are capable of performing the described functions or operations.
[0160] The functions described herein may be implemented using hardware, software executed by a processor, firmware, or any combination thereof. If implemented using software executed by a processor, the functions may be stored as or transmitted using one or more instructions or code of a computer-readable medium. Other examples and implementations are within the scope of the disclosure and appended claims. For example, due to the nature of software, functions described herein may be implemented using software executed by a processor, hardware, firmware, hardwiring, or combinations of any of these. Features implementing functions may also be physically located at various positions, including being distributed such that portions of functions are implemented at different physical locations.
[0161] Computer-readable media includes both non-transitory computer storage media and communication media including any medium that facilitates transfer of a computer program from one location to another. A non-transitory storage medium may be any available medium that may be accessed by a general-purpose or special-purpose computer. By way of example, and not limitation, non-transitory computer-readable media may include RAM, ROM, electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM) , flash memory, compact disk (CD) ROM or other optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other non-transitory medium that may be used to carry or store desired program code means in the form of instructions or data structures and that may be accessed by a general-purpose or special-purpose computer or a general-purpose or special-purpose processor. Also, any connection is properly termed a computer-readable medium. For example, if the software is transmitted from a website, server, or other remote source using a coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, digital subscriber line (DSL) , or wireless technologies such as infrared, radio, and microwave, then the coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, DSL, or wireless technologies such as infrared, radio, and microwave are included in the definition of computer-readable medium. Disk and disc, as used herein, include CD, laser disc, optical disc, digital versatile disc (DVD) , floppy disk, and Blu-ray disc. Disks may reproduce data magnetically, and discs may reproduce data optically using lasers. Combinations of the above are also included within the scope of computer-readable media. Any functions or operations described herein as being capable of being performed by a memory may be performed by multiple memories that, individually or collectively, are capable of performing the described functions or operations.
[0162] As used herein, including in the claims, “or” as used in a list of items (e.g., a list of items prefaced by a phrase such as “at least one of” or “one or more of” ) indicates an inclusive list such that, for example, a list of at least one of A, B, or C means A or B or C or AB or AC or BC or ABC (i.e., A and B and C) . Also, as used herein, the phrase “based on” shall not be construed as a reference to a closed set of conditions. For example, an example step that is described as “based on condition A” may be based on both a condition A and a condition B without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. In other words, as used herein, the phrase “based on” shall be construed in the same manner as the phrase “based at least in part on. ”
[0163] As used herein, including in the claims, the article “a” before a noun is open-ended and understood to refer to “at least one” of those nouns or “one or more” of those nouns. Thus, the terms “a, ” “at least one, ” “one or more, ” and “at least one of one or more” may be interchangeable. For example, if a claim recites “a component” that performs one or more functions, each of the individual functions may be performed by a single component or by any combination of multiple components. Thus, the term “acomponent” having characteristics or performing functions may refer to “at least one of one or more components” having a particular characteristic or performing a particular function. Subsequent reference to a component introduced with the article “a” using the terms “the” or “said” may refer to any or all of the one or more components. For example, a component introduced with the article “a” may be understood to mean “one or more components, ” and referring to “the component” subsequently in the claims may be understood to be equivalent to referring to “at least one of the one or more components. ” Similarly, subsequent reference to a component introduced as “one or more components” using the terms “the” or “said” may refer to any or all of the one or more components. For example, referring to “the one or more components” subsequently in the claims may be understood to be equivalent to referring to “at least one of the one or more components. ”
[0164] The term “determine” or “determining” encompasses a variety of actions and, therefore, “determining” can include calculating, computing, processing, deriving, investigating, looking up (such as via looking up in a table, a database, or another data structure) , ascertaining, and the like. Also, “determining” can include receiving (e.g., receiving information) , accessing (e.g., accessing data stored in memory) , and the like. Also, “determining” can include resolving, obtaining, selecting, choosing, establishing, and other such similar actions.
[0165] In the appended figures, similar components or features may have the same reference label. Further, various components of the same type may be distinguished by following the reference label by a dash and a second label that distinguishes among the similar components. If just the first reference label is used in the specification, the description is applicable to any one of the similar components having the same first reference label irrespective of the second reference label or other subsequent reference label.
[0166] The description set forth herein, in connection with the appended drawings, describes example configurations and does not represent all the examples that may be implemented or that are within the scope of the claims. The term “example” used herein means “serving as an example, instance, or illustration” and not “preferred” or “advantageous over other examples. ” The detailed description includes specific details for the purpose of providing an understanding of the described techniques. These techniques, however, may be practiced without these specific details. In some figures, known structures and devices are shown in block diagram form in order to avoid obscuring the concepts of the described examples.
[0167] The description herein is provided to enable a person having ordinary skill in the art to make or use the disclosure. Various modifications to the disclosure will be apparent to a person having ordinary skill in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other variations without departing from the scope of the disclosure. Thus, the disclosure is not limited to the examples and designs described herein but is to be accorded the broadest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims
1.A reader device, comprising:one or more memories storing processor-executable code; andone or more processors coupled with the one or more memories and individually or collectively operable to execute the code to cause the reader device to:transmit a signal to one or more ambient wireless devices for a proximity determination procedure for the one or more ambient wireless devices;monitor for a response from the one or more ambient wireless devices, the response associated with the proximity determination procedure for the one or more ambient wireless devices; andperform the proximity determination procedure to obtain proximity information of the one or more ambient wireless devices based at least in part on the monitoring and on one or more measurement parameters associated with the response, wherein the proximity information indicates one of a near proximity or a far proximity of the one or more ambient wireless devices relative to the reader device.2.The reader device of claim 1, wherein, to monitor for the response, the one or more processors are individually or collectively operable to execute the code to cause the reader device to:receive the response from an ambient wireless device of the one or more ambient wireless devices, the response indicating a device type of the ambient wireless device, a power amplification factor associated with the response, a power amplification capability associated with the ambient wireless device, or any combination thereof.3.The reader device of claim 2, wherein, to monitor for the response, the one or more processors are individually or collectively operable to execute the code to cause the reader device to:receive the response from the ambient wireless device of the one or more ambient wireless devices, the response comprising the power amplification factor associated with the response, wherein the power amplification factor comprises one or more bits indicating whether the response is amplified.4.The reader device of claim 1, wherein, to transmit the signal to the one or more ambient wireless devices, the one or more processors are individually or collectively operable to execute the code to cause the reader device to:transmit, in the signal, a power control indication to the one or more ambient wireless devices, the power control indication comprises an expected transmit power for the response, wherein the proximity determination procedure is based at least in part on the power control indication.5.The reader device of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are individually or collectively further operable to execute the code to cause the reader device to:transmit, to the one or more ambient wireless devices, a second signal for a contention based access procedure for the one or more ambient wireless devices based at least in part on the proximity determination procedure indicating the near proximity of the one or more ambient wireless devices.6.The reader device of claim 5, wherein, to transmit the signal, the one or more processors are individually or collectively operable to execute the code to cause the reader device to:transmit the signal according to a first transmit power that is different from a second transmit power of the second signal.7.The reader device of claim 5, wherein the one or more processors are individually or collectively further operable to execute the code to cause the reader device to:transmit the signal to the one or more ambient wireless devices based at least in part on a power difference between a transmission power of the signal and a transmission power of the second signal, wherein a transmit power of the response is based at least in part on the power difference.8.The reader device of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are individually or collectively further operable to execute the code to cause the reader device to:transmit the signal to the one or more ambient wireless devices based at least in part on a maximum allowed transmission power, wherein a transmit power of the response is based at least in part on the maximum allowed transmission power.9.The reader device of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are individually or collectively further operable to execute the code to cause the reader device to:receive the response from the one or more ambient wireless devices, wherein the proximity determination procedure is performed based at least in part on receiving the response.10.A method for wireless communications at a reader device, comprising:transmitting a signal to one or more ambient wireless devices for a proximity determination procedure for the one or more ambient wireless devices;monitoring for a response from the one or more ambient wireless devices, the response associated with the proximity determination procedure for the one or more ambient wireless devices; andperforming the proximity determination procedure to obtain proximity information of the one or more ambient wireless devices based at least in part on the monitoring and on one or more measurement parameters associated with the response, wherein the proximity information indicates one of a near proximity or a far proximity of the one or more ambient wireless devices relative to the reader device.11.The method of claim 10, wherein monitoring for the response comprises:receiving the response from an ambient wireless device of the one or more ambient wireless devices, the response indicating a device type of the ambient wireless device, a power amplification factor associated with the response, a power amplification capability associated with the ambient wireless device, or any combination thereof.12.The method of claim 11, wherein monitoring for the response comprises:receiving the response from the ambient wireless device of the one or more ambient wireless devices, the response comprising the power amplification factor associated with the response, wherein the power amplification factor comprises one or more bits indicating whether the response is amplified.13.The method of claim 10, wherein transmitting the signal to the one or more ambient wireless devices comprises:transmitting, in the signal, a power control indication to the one or more ambient wireless devices, the power control indication comprises an expected transmit power for the response, wherein the proximity determination procedure is based at least in part on the power control indication.14.The method of claim 10, further comprising:transmitting, to the one or more ambient wireless devices, a second signal for a contention based access procedure for the one or more ambient wireless devices based at least in part on the proximity determination procedure indicating the near proximity of the one or more ambient wireless devices.15.The method of claim 14, wherein transmitting the signal comprises:transmitting the signal according to a first transmit power that is different from a second transmit power of the second signal.16.The method of claim 14, further comprising:transmitting the signal to the one or more ambient wireless devices based at least in part on a power difference between a transmission power of the signal and a transmission power of the second signal, wherein a transmit power of the response is based at least in part on the power difference.17.The method of claim 10, further comprising:transmitting the signal to the one or more ambient wireless devices based at least in part on a maximum allowed transmission power, wherein a transmit power of the response is based at least in part on the maximum allowed transmission power.18.The method of claim 10, further comprising:receiving the response from the one or more ambient wireless devices, wherein the proximity determination procedure is performed based at least in part on receiving the response.19.A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communications, the code comprising instructions executable by one or more processors to:transmit, at a reader device, a signal to one or more ambient wireless devices for a proximity determination procedure for the one or more ambient wireless devices;monitor for a response from the one or more ambient wireless devices, the response associated with the proximity determination procedure for the one or more ambient wireless devices; andperform the proximity determination procedure to obtain proximity information of the one or more ambient wireless devices based at least in part on the monitoring and on one or more measurement parameters associated with the response, wherein the proximity information indicates one of a near proximity or a far proximity of the one or more ambient wireless devices relative to the reader device.20.The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 19, wherein the instructions are further executable by the one or more processors to:receive the response from an ambient wireless device of the one or more ambient wireless devices, the response indicating a device type of the ambient wireless device, a power amplification factor associated with the response, a power amplification capability associated with the ambient wireless device, or any combination thereof.
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