Signal transmission method and apparatus, storage medium and program product

Abstract

The present disclosure relates to the technical field of communications, and provides a signal transmission method and apparatus, a storage medium and a program product, which are beneficial to reducing interference between signal transmissions. The signal transmission method comprises: sending, to a second node, configuration information of a signal to be transmitted, wherein the configuration information at least comprises an encoding configuration; if the signal to be transmitted is a first signal, the encoding configuration comprises parameters related to a first encoding mode; and if the signal to be transmitted is a second signal, the encoding configuration comprises parameters related to a second encoding mode.

Description

Signal transmission method, device, storage medium and program product

[0001] This disclosure claims priority to Chinese patent application No. 202410408623.6, filed on April 3, 2024, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. Technical Field

[0002] The present disclosure relates to the field of communication technologies, and in particular to a signal transmission method, device, storage medium, and program product. Background Art

[0003] With the continuous advancement of technology, fifth-generation wireless systems (5G) are gradually expanding into new application areas, with Ambient IoT (AIoT) communications being a key area of ​​expansion. In Ambient IoT, when a passive IoT device (AIoT) requires energy, it receives a carrier wave (CW) signal from a reader to generate the energy needed for receiving and transmitting signals. When a passive IoT device transmits a signal using backscatter, it modulates the information it wants to transmit onto the carrier wave using the backscatter signal from the reader.

[0004] Signal transmission mechanisms play a crucial role in passive IoT communications. Optimizing and improving these mechanisms is crucial to reduce interference from carrier signals on other signals in 5G New Radio (5G NR), improve detection performance on both the device and base station sides, and achieve harmonious coexistence between passive IoT and 5G NR communications.

[0005] Summary of the Invention

[0006] The present disclosure provides a signal transmission method, device, storage medium, and program product. The technical solutions provided by the present disclosure are as follows:

[0007] In one aspect, a signal transmission method is provided, applied to a first node, the method comprising:

[0008] Configuration information of the signal to be transmitted is sent to the second node; wherein the configuration information includes at least a coding configuration; if the signal to be transmitted is a first signal, the coding configuration includes parameters related to the first coding method; if the signal to be transmitted is a second signal, the coding configuration includes parameters related to the second coding method.

[0009] In one aspect, a signal transmission method is provided, applied to a second node, the method comprising:

[0010] Receive configuration information of a signal to be transmitted sent by a first node; wherein the configuration information includes at least a coding configuration; if the signal to be transmitted is a first signal, the coding configuration includes parameters related to a first coding method; if the signal to be transmitted is a second signal, the coding configuration includes parameters related to a second coding method.

[0011] In another aspect, a signal transmission device is provided, applied to a first node, the device comprising:

[0012] A communication module is used to send configuration information of the signal to be transmitted to the second node; wherein the configuration information includes at least a coding configuration; if the signal to be transmitted is a first signal, the coding configuration includes parameters related to the first coding method; if the signal to be transmitted is a second signal, the coding configuration includes parameters related to the second coding method.

[0013] In another aspect, a signal transmission device is provided, applied to a second node, the device comprising:

[0014] A communication module is used to receive configuration information of a signal to be transmitted sent by a first node; wherein the configuration information includes at least a coding configuration; if the signal to be transmitted is a first signal, the coding configuration includes parameters related to the first coding method; if the signal to be transmitted is a second signal, the coding configuration includes parameters related to the second coding method.

[0015] On the other hand, a communication device is provided, comprising: a memory and a processor; the memory and the processor are coupled; the memory is used to store computer program instructions executable by the processor; and the signal transmission method of any of the above embodiments is implemented when the processor executes the computer program instructions.

[0016] On the other hand, a computer-readable storage medium is provided, on which computer program instructions are stored, which implement the signal transmission method of any of the above embodiments when the computer program instructions are executed on a computer (such as a signal transmission device or a signal transmission device).

[0017] On the other hand, a computer program product is provided, which includes computer program instructions, and when the computer program instructions are executed, the signal transmission method of any one of the above embodiments is implemented. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] FIG1 is a schematic diagram of a topological structure of a 5G-supported passive Internet of Things provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0019] FIG2 is an interactive flow chart of a signal transmission method provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0020] FIG3 is a schematic diagram showing a comparison of encoding methods provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0021] FIG4 is a comparative schematic diagram of sequence position arrangement provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0022] FIG5 is a comparative schematic diagram of another sequence position arrangement provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0023] FIG6 is a comparative schematic diagram of a signal modulation process provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0024] FIG7 is a schematic diagram of intermediate sequences and state machines corresponding to different data states provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0025] FIG8 is a schematic diagram of a sequence encoding process provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0026] FIG9 is a schematic diagram of a D2R / R2D link signal transmission process provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0027] FIG10 is a schematic diagram of a modulation process of a signal based on a sequence extension coded modulation scheme provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0028] FIG11 is a schematic diagram comparing two topological structures for transmitting CW according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0029] FIG12 is a schematic diagram showing a comparison of waveforms of charging / excitation / CW signals provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0030] FIG13 is a waveform diagram of a charging signal provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0031] FIG14 is a schematic structural diagram of a signal transmission device provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0032] FIG15 is a schematic structural diagram of another signal transmission device provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0033] FIG16 is a schematic structural diagram of a communication device provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0034] The following will be combined with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present disclosure to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present disclosure. Obviously, the embodiments described are only part of the embodiments of the present disclosure, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present disclosure, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making any creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present disclosure.

[0035] In the description of the present disclosure, unless otherwise specified, " / " means "or", for example, A / B can mean A or B. "And / or" in this article is merely a description of the association relationship of associated objects, indicating that there can be three relationships. For example, A and / or B can mean: A exists alone, A and B exist at the same time, and B exists alone. In addition, "at least one" means one or more, and "a plurality" means two or more. Words such as "first" and "second" do not limit the quantity and execution order, and words such as "first" and "second" do not limit them to be necessarily different.

[0036] It should be noted that in this disclosure, words such as "exemplary" or "for example" are used to indicate examples, illustrations, or descriptions. Any embodiment or design described in this disclosure as "exemplary" or "for example" should not be construed as being preferred or advantageous over other embodiments or designs. Rather, the use of words such as "exemplary" or "for example" is intended to present the relevant concepts in a concrete manner.

[0037] In the future, 5G will support passive IoT communications. Passive IoT devices (hereinafter referred to as devices) can be divided into the following three types based on their energy storage and signal transmission capabilities:

[0038] Device Type I: Passive, no energy storage device, sends signals by backscattering;

[0039] Device Type II: Semi-active, with a small amount of energy storage devices, and sends signals from the device to the reader (device-to-reader, D2R) by backscattering;

[0040] Device Type III: Active, with energy storage devices, autonomously generates signals and sends D2R signals.

[0041] When a passive IoT device needs to be recharged, it receives a carrier wave for energy harvesting (CW for EH) from a reader (also referred to as a node or intermediate UE) to obtain the energy needed to receive and transmit signals. When a passive IoT device transmits a signal using backscattering, it uses the CW for backscattering signal sent by the reader to modulate the information to be transmitted onto the CW.

[0042] In passive IoT communication technologies, information is typically transmitted and received using a fixed frame structure. A frame signal consists of a header, data, and trailer. The header and trailer are fixed bit sequences or high- and low-level signals. The header is used to identify the start of a signal, while the trailer is used to identify the end of a signal. This determines the transmission duration and number of data symbols within the frame signal.

[0043] In mobile communication networks, base stations configure the number of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbols and frequency-domain resource blocks required for downlink transmission to user equipment (UEs), based on downlink traffic scheduling. Taking a 15kHz subcarrier spacing (SCS) as an example, the corresponding magnitude μ = 0, the duration of a downlink timeslot is 2^μ = 1ms, and a timeslot contains 14 OFDM symbols, each with a duration of 66.67us. Table 1 shows the OFDM symbol parameters for other SCS configurations.

[0044] Table 1 5G NR scalable OFDM numerology

[0045] In the 5G NR communication system, cyclic prefix orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (CP-OFDM) waveform is used to transmit downlink information.

[0046] If CW reuses the CP-OFDM waveform, the following problems need to be solved: (1) The CP-OFDM waveform is difficult to meet the waveform characteristic requirements of CW for EH; (2) When modulating the D2R signal on the device side, the CP part needs to be modulated separately, which increases the complexity of the D2R signal transmission based on backscattering; in addition, (3) since the ability to send D2R information varies between different device types, considering compatibility with all device types, it is necessary to design a unified D2R signal generation and transmission process, and then design a better signal generation solution based on the device capabilities.

[0047] If CW uses a single-tone waveform, the following issues need to be addressed: (1) multiplexing between multiple devices in the same coverage area, for example, frequency domain multiplexing (FDMA) technology; and (2) coexistence with NR transmission in the same link direction.

[0048] For CW transmissions with different waveforms and uses, it's necessary to design transmission modes, including transmission location, transmission duration, and transmission start and end. Mechanisms for CW transmission activation / deactivation, frequency domain resource occupancy, and power domain configuration are also needed to mitigate interference issues caused by CW transmission. Furthermore, for different device types and topologies, different coding and modulation schemes, as well as their indication methods, must be considered.

[0049] As can be seen from the above, signal transmission mechanisms play a crucial role in passive IoT communications. Optimizing and improving these mechanisms is crucial to reducing interference from carrier signals on other 5G NR signals, improving detection performance on both the device and base station sides, and achieving harmonious coexistence between passive IoT and 5G NR communications.

[0050] In view of this, the present invention proposes a signal transmission method, which includes: a first node sends configuration information of a signal to be transmitted to a second node; wherein the configuration information includes at least a coding configuration; the signal to be transmitted is a first signal, and the coding configuration includes parameters related to the first coding method; the signal to be transmitted is a second signal, and the coding configuration includes parameters related to the second coding method.

[0051] In this way, by providing different coding configurations (such as the relevant parameters of the first coding method or the second coding method) according to the different signals to be transmitted (such as the first signal or the second signal), the entire communication system can be made more flexible, and the appropriate coding method can be selected according to different signal characteristics and requirements. In addition, according to the characteristics of different signals to be transmitted, the corresponding coding method can enable the system to have stronger error detection and correction capabilities when facing different types of interference and noise, thereby improving the reliability of communication. It helps to reduce the interference of carrier signals on other signals in 5G NR, improve the detection performance on the device side and the base station side, and realize the harmonious coexistence of passive IoT communication and 5G NR communication.

[0052] The signal transmission method provided by the embodiments of the present disclosure can be applied to various passive Internet of Things communication systems. The signal transmission method provided by the embodiments of the present disclosure helps to reduce interference between signal transmissions.

[0053] The topological architecture of the passive Internet of Things communication system (including but not limited to 3G, 4G, 5G and passive Internet of Things communication systems supported by future mobile communication networks) in the embodiment of the present disclosure may include at least a first communication node and a second communication node. It should be understood that in this example, in the downlink, the first communication node may be a transmitting node (for example, network-side devices include but are not limited to readers, base stations, user equipment, central processing units, auxiliary nodes, intermediate nodes, etc.), and the second communication node may be a receiving node (for example, terminal-side devices include but are not limited to passive Internet of Things devices, low-power devices, etc.). Of course, in the uplink, the first communication node may also be a receiving node, and the second communication node may also be a transmitting node. In the device-to-device communication between the two communication nodes, the first communication node and the second communication node may both be base stations or terminal-side devices. The first communication node and the second communication node may be referred to as the first node and the second node, respectively.

[0054] The topology of the passive IoT communication system in the embodiments of the present disclosure may further include a third communication node, which may transmit a charging signal (the charging signal is also referred to as the CW for charging described below). The third communication node may also be referred to as a third node, an intermediate node, or an independent node, and this disclosure does not limit this.

[0055] In the embodiments of the present disclosure, the charging signal, the excitation signal, and the CW signal may have the same meaning or purpose. For example, a CW signal may be used to charge a device or to carry a signal to be transmitted by the device, thereby enabling the device to transmit signals via backscatter. For example, the charging signal may be a CW signal, or the device may be charged using the charging signal and carry a signal to be transmitted. For example, the excitation signal may be used for device backscatter transmission and / or device charging.

[0056] For example, the first communication node is a base station (BS) and the second communication node is an ambient IoT device. Figure 1 shows a schematic diagram of a 5G topology supporting an ambient IoT provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure. Different topologies include base stations and ambient IoT devices. The number of base stations and the number of ambient IoT devices in each topology can be one or more, and there is no limit on the number.

[0057] As shown in the topology structure in (a) of Figure 1, the base station can directly communicate with the passive IoT device, and the base station can directly send passive IoT signals or data (Ambient IoT data / signaling) to the passive IoT device.

[0058] As shown in the topology structure in (b) of Figure 1, the communication between the base station and the passive IoT device needs to go through the intermediate node. The base station can send passive IoT signals or data (Ambient IoT data / signaling) to the passive IoT device through the intermediate node.

[0059] As shown in the topology structure in (c) of Figure 1, during downlink transmission, the passive IoT signal or data sent by the base station to the passive IoT device is sent to the passive IoT device after passing through the assisting node.

[0060] As shown in the topology structure of (d) in Figure 1, during the uplink transmission process, the passive IoT signal or data sent by the passive IoT device to the base station is sent to the base station after passing through the assisting node.

[0061] In some embodiments, a base station can provide charging, wireless access, or communication services for passive IoT devices. A base station provides at least one service coverage area (also known as a cell). Passive IoT devices that enter this area can communicate with the base station via wireless signals to receive the charging, wireless access, or communication services provided by the base station.

[0062] In some embodiments, the base station (BS) can be a base station or an evolved base station (eNB or eNodeB) in long term evolution (LTE), long term evolution advanced (LTEA), a base station device in a 5G network, or a base station in a future communication system, etc. The base station can include various macro base stations, micro base stations, home base stations, wireless remote stations, reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs), routers, relays, TRPs, wireless fidelity (WIFI) devices and other network side devices.

[0063] In some embodiments, the terminal may be a device with wireless transceiver capabilities. The terminal may be a mobile phone, a tablet computer, a computer with wireless transceiver capabilities, a virtual reality (VR) terminal, an augmented reality (AR) terminal, a wireless terminal in industrial control, a wireless terminal in self-driving, a wireless terminal in remote medical, a wireless terminal in smart grid, a wireless terminal in transportation safety, a wireless terminal in smart city, a wireless terminal in smart home, etc. The embodiments of the present disclosure do not limit the application scenarios. The terminal may sometimes also be referred to as a user, user equipment (UE), access terminal, UE unit, UE station, mobile station, mobile station, remote station, remote terminal, mobile device, UE terminal, wireless communication device, UE agent or UE device, etc., and the embodiments of the present disclosure do not limit this.

[0064] In some embodiments, the passive IoT device may be the aforementioned device type I, device type I, or device type III, or may be other passive IoT devices, which is not limited in the embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0065] It should be noted that Figure 1 is only an exemplary framework diagram. The number of devices included in Figure 1 and the names of each device are not limited. In addition to the devices shown in Figure 1, the passive Internet of Things system may also include other devices, such as core network devices.

[0066] The application scenarios of the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited. The topology architecture and business scenarios described in the embodiments of the present disclosure are intended to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present disclosure and do not constitute a limitation on the technical solutions provided by the embodiments of the present disclosure. It is known to those skilled in the art that with the evolution of network architecture and the emergence of new business scenarios, the technical solutions provided by the embodiments of the present disclosure are also applicable to similar technical problems.

[0067] The present disclosure provides a signal transmission method. As shown in FIG2 , the method includes the following steps:

[0068] S101. A first node sends configuration information of a signal to be transmitted to a second node. Correspondingly, the second node receives the configuration information of the signal to be transmitted sent by the first node.

[0069] The configuration information includes at least a coding configuration. If the signal to be transmitted is a first signal, the coding configuration includes parameters related to the first coding method. If the signal to be transmitted is a second signal, the coding configuration includes parameters related to the second coding method.

[0070] The first signal may be referred to as an uplink signal or a D2R signal, and the second signal may be referred to as a downlink signal or a reader-to-device (R2D) signal.

[0071] In some embodiments, the data symbol encoded using the first encoding method is associated with the first predetermined number of data symbols. For example, the data symbol encoded using the first encoding method is associated with the first x data symbols, where x is an integer greater than 0, or is 1, 3, or 6.

[0072] In some embodiments, the start sequence and the end sequence of the first encoding mode are fixed sequences.

[0073] In some embodiments, each codeword in the second encoding method has at least one of the following features: bit hopping, high-low level hopping / frequency hopping, symbol hopping, and a separator between symbols.

[0074] In some embodiments, the spacer between the symbols appears or is inserted or sent or transmitted once every S binary bits or codeword bits or modulation symbols, where S is an integer greater than 0.

[0075] In some embodiments, the starting sequence of the second encoding method is related to the level of the starting position and / or the ending position of the transmission information, and the ending sequence of the second encoding method is related to the ending position and / or the level of the starting position of the transmission information. The starting sequence is located at the starting position of the transmission information, and the ending sequence is located at the ending position of the transmission information.

[0076] In some embodiments, the last n bits or levels of the starting sequence of the second encoding method are the same as or opposite to the levels of the starting position and / or ending position of the transmitted information. The first n bits or levels of the ending sequence of the second encoding method are the same as or opposite to the levels of the ending position and / or starting position of the transmitted information. The value of n is not less than the length of the codeword of the second encoding method, or not less than the maximum number of consecutive 0 / low level states or consecutive 1 / high level states in the codeword of the second encoding method. The number of bits in the starting sequence of the second encoding method is not less than n, and the number of bits in the ending sequence of the second encoding method is not less than n.

[0077] For example, as shown in (a) of FIG3 , the codeword length of the encoding method is 2, and there are bit jumps in the codeword. The starting sequence has the same level as the starting position of the transmitted information, and the ending sequence has the same level as the ending position of the transmitted information.

[0078] As shown in Figure 3(b), the codeword length is 2, and some codewords have no bit transitions. The starting sequence is the opposite of the level at the start of the transmitted information, and the ending sequence is the opposite of the level at the end of the transmitted information.

[0079] As shown in Figure 3(c), the codeword length is 5, and the codeword contains both high-to-low and low-to-high transitions. The starting sequence is at the opposite level to the starting position of the transmitted information, and the ending sequence is at the opposite level to the ending position of the transmitted information. Both the starting and ending sequences remain constant for at least the length of the codeword.

[0080] In some embodiments, the above starting sequence satisfies at least one of the following:

[0081] Located before the instruction information;

[0082] Located before data information;

[0083] Located before the pilot sequence;

[0084] Located before the synchronization sequence, or located after the synchronization sequence;

[0085] Located between two adjacent transport blocks, at least one of the two adjacent transport blocks has no corresponding cyclic redundancy check (CRC) bits transmitted after the transmission of the transport block, or the two adjacent transport blocks correspond to the same / common CRC bit sequence.

[0086] In some embodiments, the above-mentioned end sequence satisfies at least one of the following:

[0087] Located after the instruction information;

[0088] Located after the data information;

[0089] Located after the pilot sequence;

[0090] Located before the synchronization sequence, or located after the synchronization sequence;

[0091] Located between two adjacent transport blocks, at least one of the two adjacent transport blocks has no corresponding CRC bits transmitted after it, or the two adjacent transport blocks correspond to the same / common CRC bit sequence.

[0092] In some embodiments, there are multiple encoding modes for the signal to be transmitted, and each of the multiple encoding modes corresponds to a start sequence and / or an end sequence.

[0093] It is understandable that the above-mentioned starting sequence and ending sequence can also have other names. For example, the starting sequence can be called the starting symbol, the ending sequence can be called the ending symbol or terminator, or the starting sequence can be called the first sequence, and the ending sequence can be called the second sequence. The present disclosure does not limit this.

[0094] In some embodiments, for information generated after coding and modulation, a first sequence is used to mark its starting position, and a second sequence is used to mark its ending position.

[0095] In some embodiments, a second node receives indication information from a first node, where the indication information includes at least one of the following: a D2R or R2D encoding scheme, a D2R or R2D modulation scheme, a D2R or R2D transmission block size, a D2R or R2D cyclic redundancy check (CRC) length, a D2R or R2D number of repeated transmissions, and a D2R or R2D frequency division ratio. The second node then determines, based on the indication information, a first sequence and a second sequence for marking related transmissions. The first sequence is used to mark the start of the related transmission and is located before the data information, pilot sequence, or synchronization sequence. The second sequence is used to mark the end of the related transmission and is located after the data information, pilot sequence, or synchronization sequence.

[0096] For example, as shown in FIG4(a), the first sequence is sent before the synchronization sequence, and the second sequence is sent after the indication information. As shown in FIG4(b), the first sequence is sent before the synchronization sequence, and the second sequence is sent after the data information. As shown in FIG4(c), the first sequence is sent after the synchronization sequence and before the indication information, and the second sequence is sent after the indication information. As shown in FIG4(d), the first sequence is sent after the synchronization sequence and before the data information, and the second sequence is sent after the data information.

[0097] In another exemplary embodiment, as shown in FIG5(a), the first sequence is sent before the indication information, and the second sequence is sent after the synchronization sequence. As shown in FIG5(b), the first sequence is sent before the data information, and the second sequence is sent after the synchronization sequence. As shown in FIG5(c), the first sequence is sent before the indication information, and the second sequence is sent after the indication information and before the synchronization sequence. As shown in FIG5(d), the first sequence is sent before the data information, and the second sequence is sent after the data information and before the synchronization sequence.

[0098] In some embodiments, the positional relationship between the first sequence, the second sequence, and the synchronization sequence may be any one of FIG. 4 and FIG. 5 or a combination of any two or more thereof.

[0099] In some embodiments, the first sequence and / or the second sequence have a one-to-one correspondence with the encoding method. The first node or the second node obtains the encoding method used for the transmission information based on the first sequence and / or the second sequence. For example, the lengths of the first sequences corresponding to different encoding methods are different, which can reduce the signaling overhead caused by the indication encoding method. For example, a sequence of all 1s as the first sequence is suitable for an encoding method in which the indication codeword starts with 0; a sequence of all 0s as the first sequence is suitable for an encoding method in which the indication codeword starts with 1; a sequence containing high and low level jumps as the first sequence is suitable for an encoding method that requires clock / timing information.

[0100] In some embodiments, the signal to be transmitted adopts a coding modulation scheme based on time domain extension or a coding modulation scheme based on sequence extension.

[0101] In some embodiments, parameters related to the coding modulation method based on time domain extension include at least one of the following: number of bit repetitions, number of clock cycle periods, frequency division ratio, time reference unit, sequence index, coding modulation scheme index, link direction information, and retransmission cyclic redundancy check indication.

[0102] The following is a detailed description of parameters related to the coding modulation scheme based on time domain extension.

[0103] (1) The number of bit repetitions M is used to indicate the number of times the bit information is repeated before encoding or modulation.

[0104] (2) The number of clock cycles, which is used to indicate the number of clocks corresponding to the duration of each bit of information, or the number of clocks or clock cycles corresponding to each bit of information after coding and modulation.

[0105] (3) Divider ratio (DR), which indicates the ratio of the frequency between the divider and the (local oscillator) clock, or the number of clocks corresponding to the duration of each bit of information.

[0106] (4) Time reference unit (Tr), used to indicate the reference unit time for D2R and / or R2D information transmission. This value can be used to determine the information duration of each bit of information after coding and modulation, or to indicate the minimum duration of a level jump, or to indicate the duration of a coded modulation symbol or 1 bit of information after coding and modulation. This value is related to at least one of the number of repetitions per information bit (denoted as Np), the link frequency (denoted as LF), the DR, the sampling rate, the downsampling rate (denoted as Ds), the number of inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) points used to generate OFDM symbols (denoted as nFFT), and the number of on-off keying (OOK), amplitude shift keying (ASK), frequency shift keying (FSK), or phase shift keying (PSK) modulation symbols carried by one OFDM symbol duration.

[0107] In some embodiments, the D2R time reference unit and the R2D time reference unit have different values. This is because different link directions use different link frequencies, different coding modulation schemes, or different waveforms. Therefore, the unit symbol length or the symbol length corresponding to 1 bit of information may be different.

[0108] In some embodiments, in an R2D link, Tr is in the range of [1 / M*nFFT*Ds, nFFT*Ds].

[0109] In some embodiments, in a D2R link, Tr is in the range of [nFFT*Ds, nFFT*Ds*Np].

[0110] In some embodiments, for single-carrier waveform transmission, given Tr, the number of sampling points corresponding to Tr can be calculated based on Ds and Tr using the formula function(Ds*Tr). Function() represents performing at least one of rounding up, rounding down, rounding to the nearest integer, retaining the original value to a certain precision, or retaining the original value on the input variable.

[0111] Example 1: Referring to Figures 3 and 6, assume that the signal uses ASK / FSK / PSK modulation, with the duration of a modulation symbol being T. As shown in Figure 6(a), Manchester encoding and PSK modulation are used, and the reference unit time is the duration of a high-to-low transition, which is twice the duration of a modulation symbol, or 2T. As shown in Figure 6(b), PIE encoding and ASK modulation are used, and the reference unit time is the duration of the coded and modulated information corresponding to data-1, which is three times the duration of a modulation symbol, or 3T.

[0112] Example 2: The time reference unit is the smallest time domain unit, defined as a chip. The time domain reference unit is related to at least one of the OFDM symbol length, modulation mode (such as OOK), D2R time domain unit, R2D time domain scheduling unit, D2R waveform, R2D waveform, etc. The unit of chip is us, or OFDM time unit Tc, or number of sampling points, or the total number of OOK symbols carried by an OFDM symbol, or number of chips, or D2R time domain scheduling unit, or at least one of R2D time division multiplexing unit. Among them, chip is the length of an OOK symbol. Among them, the D2R time domain unit is a chip length, or the longest, shortest, or average transmission length of a codeword, or an R2D time domain scheduling unit. Among them, the R2D time domain scheduling unit is a chip length, or the longest, shortest, or average transmission length of a codeword.

[0113] For example, a chip unit is S*Tc. S is the number of sampling points occupied by a chip under OFDM waveform conditions, and Tc is the duration of a sampling point. S is an integer that is not less than 0 and not greater than the number of Fourier transform (FFT) points of an OFDM symbol.

[0114] For example, a chip unit is 6.25us, or 12.5us, or 25us, etc.

[0115] For example, a chip unit is p*T, where p is a real number not less than 0, and T is a D2R time domain unit or an R2D time domain scheduling unit.

[0116] For example, the unit of a chip is S. Here, S is the number of sampling points occupied by a chip under OFDM waveform conditions.

[0117] (5) Sequence index, used to indicate the index corresponding to the sequence used to calibrate the time reference unit Tr, or to indicate the index corresponding to the starting sequence and / or ending sequence, or to indicate the index corresponding to the sequence with a one-to-one mapping relationship between data-0 and data-1, or to indicate the index corresponding to the synchronization sequence or pilot sequence, or to indicate the D2R link coding mode and the index corresponding to the corresponding starting sequence. The signal transmission sequence consists of 0 and 1 or -1 and 1, and the sequence length is 2 to the power of n, where n is not less than 0.

[0118] For a D2R link, assume that data-1 is mapped to s1(11), data-0 is mapped to s2(-1-1), and the number of bit repetitions can be varied with amplitude or phase jumps. Taking 3 bits as an example, the intermediate sequences corresponding to different data states are shown in FIG7 . For M=4, 8, 16, 32, 64, 128, 256, etc., the intermediate sequences corresponding to different data states can be obtained using the state machine shown in FIG7 based on the method shown in FIG6 to obtain the final sequence. In some embodiments, the final sequence is directly given by a table or formula without the need for intermediate calculations.

[0119] Exemplarily, as shown in FIG8 , the intermediate sequence data-000 is multiplied by the clock sequence corresponding to M=2 to obtain the final encoded sequence.

[0120] (6) Code modulation scheme index, used to indicate the code modulation scheme used for D2R link transmission, including one or a combination of two coding schemes among linear codes (such as FM0, Manchester, and Miller codes) and forward error correction codes (FEC) (such as polar codes, convolutional codes, 6-bit or 3-bit shift register tail-biting convolutional codes), and / or one or a combination of two modulation schemes among ASK, OOK, FSK, binary phase shift keying (BPSK). For example, when this information field indicates 0, it indicates Miller code repeated M times; when it indicates 1, it indicates a combined coding scheme of TBCC and Miller code. Alternatively, the information field may be used to indicate the coding and modulation scheme used for R2D link transmission, such as one or a combination of any two linear codes such as Manchester and PIE, and / or one or a combination of any two modulation schemes such as ASK, OOK, PR-ASK, SSB-ASK, and DSB-ASK. For example, if the information field indicates 0, it indicates Manchester code; if it indicates 1, it indicates a combination of Manchester and PIE codes.

[0121] For example, as shown in (a) of Figure 9, the D2R link backscatter transmission process uses a combination of tail biting convolutional coding (TBCC) and Miller code, modulated onto the CW, and transmitted in a backscattered manner. As shown in (b) of Figure 9, the R2D link signal uses an OFDM waveform transmission process. The bit information is first 1 / 2Manchester encoded (data-0 is 01, data-1 is 10), and then PIE encoded (data-0 is 10, data-1 is 110). After OOK modulation, frequency domain mapping, and IFFT transformation, the final time domain signal is generated. When the transmission block size meets certain conditions, the bit information includes the CRC bits corresponding to the transmission block.

[0122] In another exemplary embodiment, the process of mapping data bits into coded modulation symbols includes: 1) mapping information bits into binary codeword bits according to a coding codeword mapping rule; for example, the Manchester coding mapping rule includes mapping information bit 0 to the codeword '01' and information bit 1 to the codeword '10'. 2) modulating the binary codeword bits into modulation symbols according to the modulation scheme. For example, the binary codeword bits [0 1 1 0] are modulated into four OOK symbols.

[0123] (7) Link direction information, used to indicate whether the information carried by the control signaling is used for R2D link transmission or D2R link transmission. For example, when this information field indicates 0, it means that the indicated information is used for R2D link transmission; when this information field indicates 1, it means that the indicated information is used for D2R link transmission.

[0124] (8) Retransmission CRC indication, used to indicate whether the CRC information of the retransmission of the D2R and / or R2D transmission corresponding to the control signaling changes according to the change of the retransmission information. For example, when the information field indication is 0, it means that when the length or information of the retransmission information of the transmission scheduled by the control signaling changes, the CRC information remains consistent with the initial transmission; when the information field indication is 1, it means that when the length or information of the retransmission information of the transmission scheduled by the control signaling changes, the corresponding CRC information is obtained based on the retransmission information.

[0125] In some embodiments, when the signal to be transmitted adopts a coding modulation method based on sequence extension, the same sequence in the signal to be transmitted satisfies at least one of the following: being in the same time domain unit, being in the same time domain symbol, and being in the same frequency range.

[0126] In some embodiments, the coded modulation scheme based on sequence spreading includes at least one of the following steps:

[0127] Each bit in the bit information is repeated M times;

[0128] Each bit in sequence A is mapped to a sequence or a codeword to obtain the mapped sequence B;

[0129] Obtain a clock sequence C according to a frequency division ratio and / or a time reference unit;

[0130] Multiply sequence B and sequence C to obtain the encoded sequence D;

[0131] The coded sequence or mapped sequence is modulated by a carrier and then transmitted.

[0132] For example, as shown in FIG10 , each bit in the bit information [b0, b1, b2, b3] is repeated M=2 times, and the resulting mapped sequence is [sequence a, sequence a, sequence b, sequence b, sequence d, sequence d, sequence c, sequence c]. The same sequence satisfies at least one of the following conditions: being within the same time domain unit, within the same time domain symbol, and within the same frequency range.

[0133] Given the bit repetition number M, the relationship between the time reference unit Tr, the division ratio DR, and the link frequency F is F = DR / Tr. Given the time reference unit Tr, the division ratio DR, and the link frequency F, the data rate obtained based on the bit repetition number M is F / M.

[0134] In some embodiments, the spacer between symbols is applied to a link transmission mode or system or signal generation process including at least one of OOK modulation, first coding method, second coding method, OFDM-based waveform, single carrier waveform, etc.

[0135] In some embodiments, the spacer is inserted or transmitted after every S binary bits, chips, codeword bits, or modulation symbols, where S is an integer not less than 1 or a positive number that can divide 12.

[0136] For example, the spacer precedes S modulation symbols:

[0137] {spacer, modulation symbol 0, modulation symbol 1, ..., modulation symbol S-1}.

[0138] For example, the spacer is placed after S modulation symbols:

[0139] {modulation symbol 0, modulation symbol 1, ..., modulation symbol S-1, spacer}.

[0140] In some embodiments, one OFDM symbol length corresponds to carrying S OOK symbols or chips.

[0141] In some embodiments, the S OOK symbols or chips include S-1 first OOK symbols or chips and 1 second OOK symbol or chip, wherein the second OOK symbol or chip lasts longer than the first OOK symbol or chip or corresponds to more sampling points.

[0142] In some embodiments, the second OOK symbol or chip is located before or after the first OOK symbol or chip, or the second OOK symbol or chip is located at the starting position or the ending position of the S OOK symbols or chips.

[0143] For example, when the subcarrier spacing is 15 kHz, one OFDM symbol length (71.35 μs) corresponds to the transmission of 8 OOK symbols or chips, including 7 first OOK symbols or chips (8.33 μs in length) and 1 second OOK symbol or chip (13.01 μs in length). For example, the second OOK symbol or chip is located before the first OOK symbol or chip or at the starting position of S OOK symbols or chips: {OOK symbol 0 or chip 0, OOK symbol 1 or chip 1, OOK symbol 2 or chip 2, ..., OOK symbol (S-1) or chip (S-1)}. The symbol length of OOK symbol 0 or chip 0 is 13.01 μs, and the symbol lengths of the other OOK symbols or chip 0 (i.e., OOK symbols / chips 1, 2, ... (S-1)) are 8.33 μs. For example, the second OOK symbol or chip is located after the first OOK symbol or chip or at the end of S OOK symbols or chips: {OOK symbol 0 or chip 0, OOK symbol 1 or chip 1, OOK symbol 2 or chip 2, ..., OOK symbol (S-1) or chip (S-1)}. The symbol length of OOK symbol (S-1) or chip (S-1) is 13.01 μs, and the symbol lengths of the other OOK symbols or chips (i.e., OOK symbols / chips 0, 1, ... (S-2)) are 8.33 μs.

[0144] In some embodiments, the length of the second OOK symbol or chip is less than or equal to the sum of the length of the first OOK symbol or chip and the length of the spacer.

[0145] In some embodiments, the separator is at least one of a gap, one or a group of fixed modulation symbols, one or a group of modulation symbols related to a coded modulation scheme, one or a group of modulation symbols related to a specific symbol, etc. The specific symbol is an OFDM symbol or the first symbol or the last symbol in S modulation symbols (such as an OOK modulation symbol).

[0146] For example, when the subcarrier spacing is 15kHz, the length of the spacer is one CP length (about 4.7us in length), and one OFDM symbol length (71.35us) corresponds to the transmission of one spacer and eight OOK symbols or chips, wherein the length of the OOK symbol or chip is 8.33us. For example, the spacer is located before S OOK symbols or chips: {spacer, OOK symbol 0 or chip0, ..., OOK symbol 7 or chip7}. Among them, the spacer and OOK symbol 0 or chip0 correspond to the same binary bit state or have the same amplitude or are the same OOK symbol or chip0. For example, the spacer is located after S OOK symbols or chips: {OOK symbol 0 or chip0, ..., OOK symbol 7 or chip7, spacer}. Among them, the spacer and OOK symbol 7 or chip7 correspond to the same binary bit state or have the same amplitude or are the same OOK symbol or chip.

[0147] Based on this, by providing different coding configurations (such as the relevant parameters of the first coding method or the second coding method) according to the different signals to be transmitted (such as the first signal or the second signal), the entire communication system can be made more flexible, and the appropriate coding method can be selected according to different signal characteristics and requirements. Moreover, according to the characteristics of different signals to be transmitted, the corresponding coding method is selected, which can enable the system to have stronger error detection and correction capabilities when facing different types of interference and noise, thereby improving the reliability of communication. It helps to reduce the interference of carrier signals on other signals in 5G NR, improve the detection performance on the device side and the base station side, and realize the harmonious coexistence of passive IoT communication and 5G NR communication.

[0148] Figure 11 provides two topologies for transmitting CWs. As shown in Figure 11 (a), a first node transmits a CW to a second node. As shown in Figure 11 (b), a third node (also referred to as an independent node) transmits a CW to the second node. The first node includes at least one of a base station and a user equipment terminal (UE). When the first node is a user equipment terminal (UE), the topology of the entire passive IoT can be referenced as shown in Figure 1 (b).

[0149] It is understandable that when the second node is a passive device or a semi-passive device, the first node needs to reasonably control the subsequent transmission power and transmission duration of the CW used for charging based on the second node charging power threshold and the remaining power of the device. Therefore, the second node can report power status information to the first node and / or the third node. For example, if a CW for charging is sent to the second node via the third node, the first node controls the power or transmission resource configuration of the CW for charging sent by the third node based on the power status information reported by the device.

[0150] In some embodiments, the second node sends power status information to the first node; correspondingly, the first node receives the power status information sent by the second node, wherein the power status information is used to represent the power status of the second node.

[0151] In some embodiments, the first node sends a charging signal to the second node based on the power status information; correspondingly, the second node receives the charging signal sent to the first node based on the power status information.

[0152] In some embodiments, the power status information includes one of the following: power margin, charging power threshold, charging duration, desired working mode of the charging signal, charging efficiency, effective charging duration of the most recent charging signal, device type, device working mode, transmission mode of the first signal, coding and modulation method of the second signal, activation / deactivation indication of the charging signal, start / termination indication of transmission of the charging signal, and start / termination indication of a working mode of the charging signal.

[0153] Charging efficiency refers to the power that a device can convert based on a charging signal per unit time, or the duration during which the energy converted from a charging signal received by the device can be used to receive or send data.

[0154] The transmission mode of the first signal may be a backscatter transmission mode or an autonomous generation transmission mode.

[0155] In some embodiments, a first node sends information related to a charging signal to a second node, and in response, the second node receives the information related to the charging signal sent by the first node. The information related to the charging signal is used to determine an operating mode of the charging signal.

[0156] In some embodiments, the information related to the charging signal includes at least one of the following:

[0157] Information type of the most recent first signal;

[0158] The information type of the next first signal;

[0159] Information type of the most recent second signal;

[0160] The information type of the next second signal;

[0161] Working mode;

[0162] The type of the second node;

[0163] The type of node that sends the charging signal;

[0164] The most recently reported power status information of the second node;

[0165] the time interval between the most recent and the next first signal;

[0166] the time interval between the most recent and the next second signal;

[0167] The time interval between the two most recent first signals;

[0168] The time interval between the two most recent second signals.

[0169] The information types of the second signal (the signal transmitted over R2D) include control information, data information, information used for synchronization, pilot information, confirmation / non-confirmation information, a seeker, a start symbol, and a stop symbol, etc., transmitted over the link where the second signal resides. The information types of the first signal include control information, data information, information used for synchronization, information used for positioning, pilot information, confirmation / non-confirmation information, power status reporting information, a seeker, a start symbol, and a stop symbol, etc., transmitted over the link where the first signal resides.

[0170] The control information transmitted on the link where the second signal is located includes a charging signal transmission start or termination indication, or charging signal transmission mode activation / deactivation information.

[0171] In some embodiments, the first node sends at least one of the following information to the third node: at least one parameter in the power status information of the second node, an activation / deactivation indication of the charging signal, a start / terminate indication of the transmission of the charging signal, a start / terminate indication of the working mode of the charging signal, and transmission resource configuration information of the charging signal; wherein the third node is the node that sends the charging signal to the second node.

[0172] Among them, the transmission resource configuration information includes at least one of the following: charging signal generation method, charging signal waveform, charging signal transmission frequency, whether the charging signal needs to be modulated, charging signal time domain transmission mode, charging signal transmission antenna port, charging signal transmission beam direction, charging signal transmission power, charging signal waveform parameters, charging signal function, working mode of the node sending the charging signal, charging signal power adjustment value, power margin, and power offset value.

[0173] In some embodiments, the operating mode of the charging signal includes at least one of the following:

[0174] Terminate the transmission of the charging signal;

[0175] Transmission of continuous charging signals;

[0176] Transmission of modulated or unmodulated charging signals;

[0177] The charging signal is transmitted within at least one power range, and at least one power range does not overlap;

[0178] The charging signal is transmitted in at least one preset waveform;

[0179] The charging signal is transmitted in at least one time domain pattern, and the at least one time domain pattern corresponds to a different transmission timing.

[0180] The maximum value of one power range in the at least one power range is not greater than the minimum value of the next power range.

[0181] Among them, sending the charging signal at a power within at least one power range can have the following benefits:

[0182] It can ensure minimal interference to R2D, D2R, 5G NR uplink transmission, or 5G NR downlink transmission, or minimize cross-link interference, or minimize self-interference intensity; it can ensure charging of devices; and it can ensure backscatter transmission of devices.

[0183] The power range value is related to the type of information received by the second node, and / or the type of information sent by the second node or received by the first node, and / or the backscatter transmission duration of the second node, and / or the duration of the R2D link information received by the second node, and / or the power consumption required for the second node to process the R2D link information, and / or parameters such as the type / temperature / capability of the second node.

[0184] The time domain pattern includes parameters such as the period, continuous transmission timing, and termination timing. The charging signal transmission timing can be defined as the ratio of the continuous transmission timing to the period, or the total time or number of charging signal transmissions within a continuous period. The values ​​of the charging signal parameters, such as the continuous transmission timing, period, and termination timing, in a time domain pattern are related to the type of information received by the device, the type of information sent by the device or received by the first node, the duration of the device's backscatter transmission, and / or the duration of the R2D link information received by the device, and / or the power consumption required by the device to process the R2D link information, and / or other parameters such as the device type, temperature, and capabilities.

[0185] Example 1: Charging signal timing is related to command type:

[0186] The charging signal is sent before the first R2D type command is transmitted; the charging signal is sent after the second R2D type command is transmitted; the charging signal is sent before the reader receives the D2R type command or before the device sends it;

[0187] The charging signal is continuously sent after the R2D command is sent until the R2D command is successfully received or until the reader receives the command sent by the device to end the R2D command activation process;

[0188] The charging signal is sent a specific time after the R2D command is sent.

[0189] Example 2: Configuring the charging signal time domain pattern configuration mechanism:

[0190] Periodicity: configure parameters such as the time domain pattern, the number of cycles of the time domain pattern, and the period corresponding to the time domain pattern to determine the periodic transmission timing;

[0191] Semi-periodic, a periodic configuration of charging signal transmission that can be activated or deactivated by a certain command;

[0192] Aperiodic: The timing of charging signal transmission is determined entirely according to each command type or command indication information. That is, the timing of charging signal transmission is related to the command.

[0193] Example 3: The charging signal time domain pattern includes one or more modes, and the mode ID is indicated by downlink signaling or the charging signal. Different time domain pattern modes correspond to different downlink command sets and / or uplink command sets, and / or different device types, and / or device capabilities or node or terminal capabilities, and / or deployment scenario types.

[0194] Classification by deployment scenario and device type: time domain pattern mode 0 (referred to as pattern mode0) is applied to independently deployed device type 1, time domain pattern mode 1 (referred to as pattern mode1) is applied to independently deployed device type 2(a), time domain pattern mode 2 (referred to as pattern mode2) is applied to non-independent deployed device type 1, and time domain pattern mode 3 (referred to as pattern mode3) is applied to non-independent deployed device type 2(a).

[0195] Classification by command type: pattern mode 0 is applied before the transmission of the first type of R2D command (such as the Select command or a command that does not require a device feedback response, or the reader has a subsequent command to be sent after the command); pattern mode 1 is applied before the transmission of the second type of R2D command (such as the Query command or a command that needs to wait for a device feedback response, or the reader has no subsequent command to be sent after the command); pattern mode 2 is applied before the transmission of the third type of R2D command (such as the Read command or a command that needs to wait for a device feedback response, or the reader needs to receive information after the command); pattern mode 3 is applied before the transmission of the fourth type of R2D command (such as the Read or Write command or a command that does not require a device feedback response, or the reader has no subsequent command to be sent, or the reader does not need to receive information after the command).

[0196] Classification according to the time interval between two R2D commands, and / or the time interval between an R2D command and a D2R command, and / or the transmission length of an R2D command or a D2R command: pattern mode 0 is used to transmit charging signals between two R2D commands, pattern mode 1 is used to transmit charging signals between an R2D command and a D2R command, pattern mode 2 is used to transmit charging signals sent by R2D commands within the first length interval or by D2R commands within the third length interval, and pattern mode 3 is used to transmit charging signals sent by R2D commands within the second length interval or by D2R commands within the fourth length interval.

[0197] Example 4: Charging signal sending duration:

[0198] The duration of sending the charging signal is N times the duration of the most recent command transmission before or after the charging signal is sent;

[0199] The duration of the charging signal is related to the link direction of the information transmission. If the charging signal is sent before or after the most recent downlink command, the charging signal duration is N1 times the most recent downlink command. If the charging signal is sent before or after the most recent uplink command, the charging signal duration is N2 times the most recent downlink command, where N2>N1.

[0200] On the reader side, the duration of the next charging signal is determined based on the type of feedback message received from the device and the time interval between the two messages sent. For example, during the inventory process, if the device feedbacks an acknowledgment message (ACK) and the reader will continue to send information to the device, the reader will determine the duration of the charging signal sent to the device based on the type / length of the information to be sent; if the device feedbacks a non-acknowledgment message (NACK) and the reader will not send information to the device within a specific time, the reader will not send a charging signal to the device within the specific time, that is, the length of the charging signal sent is 0, or the reader will send a charging signal message with a specific duration to the device before the end of the specific time. If the device feedbacks a non-acknowledgment message (NACK) and the reader will continue to send information to the device, the reader will determine the duration of the charging signal sent to the device based on the time interval between the next message sent and the most recently sent message.

[0201] In some embodiments, the charging signal is generated in a manner including at least one of the following:

[0202] Generated by sine wave method;

[0203] Generated by rectangular wave method;

[0204] Generated using a single carrier method;

[0205] Generate using multiple single carriers;

[0206] Generated using a multi-carrier approach;

[0207] It is generated using orthogonal frequency division multiplexing.

[0208] Exemplarily, as shown in (a) of FIG12 , a charging signal is generated in a continuous sinusoidal wave manner.

[0209] As shown in (b) of FIG12 , a charging signal is generated using a single carrier or a continuous rectangular wave.

[0210] As shown in (c) of Figure 12 , multiple single carriers are used, with charging signals generated in parallel on each single carrier using rectangular or sinusoidal waves. Charging signals are transmitted at different frequencies, or charging signals at different frequencies are transmitted using space division. The number of frequencies supported by the first node or independent node for transmitting charging signals does not exceed M, where M is an integer not less than 0, or M is a non-negative integer power of 2, or M is a non-negative integer multiple of 2. The frequency interval between adjacent charging signals in the frequency domain is Δf, where Δf is not less than 1 / nth of the operating bandwidth of the device's D2R or R2D link or 1 / nth of the system bandwidth, or Δf is a non-negative integer multiple of the operating bandwidth of the device's D2R or R2D link, or Δf is a specific value. n is an integer not less than 0. The specific value is determined based on the system bandwidth and / or transmission bandwidth of the device's R2D and / or D2R link and / or the number of devices supporting transmission within the system bandwidth. For example, the system bandwidth of the D2R link of the device is 2 MHz, and the specific value is a value smaller than 2 MHz, such as 1.6 MHz.

[0211] In some embodiments, the first node transmits a charging signal for device 1 to transmit a D2R signal on one of multiple single-carrier (single-carrier) tones, or transmits a charging signal for device 2 to transmit a D2R signal on another of the multiple single-tone tones. For example, the operating frequency of the charging signal sent to device 1 is 15 kHz, and the operating frequency of the charging signal sent to device 2 is 180 kHz. That is, the difference between the two adjacent operating frequencies is 165 kHz, which is 11 times 15 kHz.

[0212] In some embodiments, the first node transmits a charging signal for a device to transmit a D2R signal on N single tones, where N is an integer not less than 2. The frequency interval between the N single tones is Δf, which is either an integer multiple of the operating bandwidth of the device's D2R or R2D link, or a value not less than the device's D2R system bandwidth, or a value less than the difference between the system bandwidth and the sum of the N single tone frequencies.

[0213] In some embodiments, the charging signal is transmitted over N single tones in a frequency hopping manner, with the hopping frequencies separated by at least one single tone. For example, if the system bandwidth of the device is 5 MHz and the system bandwidth of the D2R device is 540 kHz, the charging signal is transmitted over two carriers, and the frequency spacing between each two adjacent carriers in the spectrum is Δf = 15 kHz, the frequency spacing between the two carriers is 1.6 MHz.

[0214] As shown in (d) of Figure 12, a charging signal is generated by combining multi-carrier and sine waves. The charging signal occupies a continuous frequency range in the frequency domain, where the width of the continuous frequency range (i.e., 3Δf in the figure) is less than or equal to the operating bandwidth or system bandwidth of the D2R or R2D link, or the width of the continuous frequency range does not exceed N resource elements (REs), where N is an integer not less than 0, or a multiple of 2 or 3.

[0215] In some embodiments, the system bandwidth is a D2R system bandwidth, where the D2R system bandwidth is a frequency resource that the first node can schedule for one or more devices for D2R link transmission, or a frequency resource that the first node can schedule for D2R link transmission, or a frequency width of all frequency domain resources occupied by D2R link transmission.

[0216] In some embodiments, the working bandwidth / working frequency is the D2R working bandwidth / working frequency, wherein the D2R working bandwidth / working frequency is the frequency resource used for D2R link transmission, or the frequency resource of the main lobe and side lobe on both sides of the CW used to transmit D2R, or the sum of the frequency domain resources and protection bandwidth used for D2R link transmission.

[0217] In some embodiments, the system bandwidth is an R2D system bandwidth, wherein the R2D system bandwidth is a frequency domain resource of a radio frequency (RF) filter of a device, or a frequency domain resource used for R2D link transmission.

[0218] In some embodiments, the working bandwidth / working frequency is the working bandwidth / working frequency of R2D, wherein the working bandwidth / working frequency of R2D is the frequency resource used for R2D link transmission, or the sum of the frequency domain resource used for R2D link transmission and the protection bandwidth.

[0219] In some embodiments, the waveform of the charging signal satisfies at least one of the following:

[0220] In the level rising phase of the charging signal, the rising time for the level of the charging signal to rise from the minimum value to the maximum value within the first electric field strength range is a first preset time length;

[0221] During the rising phase of the charging signal level, the time for the charging signal level to stabilize within the second electric field strength range is a second preset time length;

[0222] In the level decreasing phase of the charging signal, the decreasing time for the level of the charging signal to decrease from the maximum value to the minimum value within the third electric field strength range is a third preset time length.

[0223] Among them, the first preset duration satisfies at least one of the following: less than the second preset duration, the difference between the first preset duration and the third preset duration is less than the first preset threshold, determined according to the capability of the second node, determined according to the capability of the first node, determined according to the capability of the third node, determined according to the working mode of the first node, determined according to the working mode of the second node, determined according to the working mode of the third node, determined according to the working mode of the second node, determined according to the reference time unit, determined according to the modulation symbol duration, less than or equal to the preset reference time units, less than or equal to the modulation symbol duration.

[0224] The second preset duration satisfies at least one of the following: less than or equal to the second preset threshold, less than or equal to preset times of the first preset duration and the third preset duration, determined according to the capability of the second node, determined according to the capability of the first node, determined according to the capability of the third node, determined according to the working mode of the first node, determined according to the working mode of the second node, determined according to the working mode of the third node, determined according to the working mode of the second node, determined according to the reference time unit, and determined according to the modulation symbol duration.

[0225] The third preset duration satisfies at least one of the following: determined according to the capability of the second node, determined according to the capability of the first node, determined according to the capability of the third node, determined according to the working mode of the first node, determined according to the working mode of the second node, determined according to the working mode of the third node, determined according to the working mode of the second node, determined according to the reference time unit, determined according to the modulation symbol duration, less than or equal to the preset reference time units, less than or equal to the modulation symbol duration.

[0226] In some embodiments, the first node or the third node can be divided into at least two working modes in terms of sending charging signals. The first working mode is applicable to the first charging signal waveform, and the second working mode is applicable to the second charging signal waveform. The first working mode is applicable to the case where the first node sends a charging signal, and the second working mode is applicable to the case where the third node sends a charging signal. The first working mode includes two working modes: a working mode in which the first node sends a charging signal when it is a base station, and a working mode in which the second node sends a charging signal when it is a UE. The first working mode is applicable to a working mode in which the charging signal is used for charging, and the second working mode is applicable to a working mode in which the charging signal is used for backscatter transmission. The first working mode includes two working modes: a working mode for charging the first device type, and a working mode for the second device type.

[0227] Exemplarily, as shown in FIG13 , the waveform of the charging signal satisfies at least one of the following:

[0228] The charging signal level is within the first range, and the rise time from the minimum value M0 to the maximum value M1 is Trice, where Trice is within the range [Tr0, Tr1].

[0229] During the rising phase of the charging signal level, the time for the charging signal level to stabilize within the second range is Tstate, where Tstate does not exceed Ts0;

[0230] During the charging signal level rising phase, the level value at the beginning of the rise is not lower than M0;

[0231] In the stable phase after the charging signal level rises, the level value indicating the completion of the rising phase or the start of the charging phase is not less than M1;

[0232] The charging signal level is within the third range, and the falling time from the maximum value M3 to the minimum value M2 is Tfall, where Tfall is within the range of [Tf0, Tf1].

[0233] Before the charging signal level drops, the charging signal level is within the fourth range;

[0234] During the charging signal level drop phase, the level value at shutdown is lower than M2;

[0235] During the charging signal level drop phase, the level value at the start of the drop is lower than M3;

[0236] Wherein, M0 is not greater than ΔM. Wherein, M1 is not less than the standard value minus ΔM. Wherein, M2 is not greater than ΔM. Wherein, M3 is not greater than the standard value minus ΔM. In the first range, the minimum value of the charging signal level is not less than ΔM, and / or the maximum value of the charging signal level is not greater than the standard value minus ΔM.

[0237] In the second range, the minimum charging signal level is no less than the standard value minus ΔM, or no less than the maximum value in the first range, and / or the maximum charging signal level is no greater than the standard value plus ΔM. In the second range, the difference between the maximum and minimum charging signal levels and the standard value is no greater than ΔM. ΔM is no greater than 10% of the standard value.

[0238] In the third range, the minimum value of the charging signal level is not less than ΔM, and / or the maximum value of the charging signal level is not greater than the standard value minus ΔM, wherein ΔM is not greater than 10% of the standard value.

[0239] In the fourth range, the minimum value of the charging signal level is not less than the standard value minus ΔM, and / or the maximum value of the charging signal level is not greater than the standard value plus ΔM, wherein ΔM is not greater than 5% of the standard value.

[0240] The standard value is the device charging or receiving power threshold, or the maximum transmission power threshold of the first node or independent node (on the charging signal sending link or spectrum), or the transmission power of the first node or independent node, or the average transmission power of the first node or independent node over a period of time.

[0241] Wherein, Trise is less than Tstate. Wherein, Trise and Tfall are approximately or equal.

[0242] Tstate is not greater than the first threshold, or not greater than three times of Trice and Tfall, and / or is determined according to the device capability or the first node capability or the independent node capability, and / or is determined according to the working mode of the first node or the independent node or the device, and / or is determined according to the reference time unit or the modulation symbol duration.

[0243] Trise and Tfall are determined according to the device capability or the first node capability or the independent node capability, and / or according to the working mode of the first node or the independent node or the device, and / or according to the reference time unit or the modulation symbol duration, and / or are not less than 1us, and / or not greater than y reference time units or modulation symbol durations.

[0244] For charging signals using OFDM or multi-carrier waveforms or considering coexistence with 5G NR systems, y is an integer not greater than 14. In 5G NR systems, one time slot contains one OFDM symbol. If the charging signal or R2D link transmission considers coexistence with the NR system, the rise and fall times of the charging signal should not exceed one time slot.

[0245] In some embodiments, when the second node fails to successfully receive the first signal, the first node repeatedly sends part of the first signal to the second node, and the check code of the retransmitted part of the information is the same as the check code of the initial transmission.

[0246] In some embodiments, when the first node fails to successfully receive the second signal, the first node receives partial information of the second signal repeatedly sent by the second node, and the check code of the partial information during retransmission is the same as the check code during initial transmission.

[0247] The check code is a cyclic redundancy check code or a device serial number or a device index.

[0248] For example, a transport block sequence A corresponds to a CRC sequence B. In some cases, A can be divided into x segments during transmission, with CRC sequence B appended to each segment. In some cases, a portion of A can be transmitted during repeated transmissions, with CRC sequence B appended to each segment. In this case, B can be used to implicitly indicate that the current transmission is a repeat of A. The transport block sequence and CRC sequence are sent after undergoing coding and modulation. Partial retransmission and / or segmented transmission of a transport block sequence is triggered by R2D signaling (e.g., if the previous transmission was unsuccessful) or by information reported by the device.

[0249] In some embodiments, the sum of the first transport block size and the first CRC length is no greater than the second transport block size, or no greater than the sum of the second transport block size and its corresponding second CRC length.

[0250] The first transmission block size is a transmission block size value within a first transmission block size range in the passive Internet of Things system, and is correspondingly configured using a first CRC. The second transmission block size is a transmission block size value within a second transmission block size range in the passive Internet of Things system, and is correspondingly configured using a second CRC. The first transmission block size range and the second transmission block size range do not overlap.

[0251] It can be understood that, considering that the CRC overhead ratio does not exceed 45%, the first CRC length is an integer not greater than 8, for example, 5, 6, or 8. The first transport block size range is between 12 and 24. Considering that the CRC overhead ratio does not exceed 45%, the second CRC length is an integer greater than 6 and not greater than 24, for example, 8, 16, or 24. The second transport block size range is an integer range of not less than 24.

[0252] In some embodiments, a transport block size in the range of 18 and below corresponds to a CRC length of 0 or no corresponding CRC.

[0253] For example, if the transport block size is not greater than 18, the CRC length is 0; otherwise, if the transport block size is greater than 18 and less than 24 (a first transport block size range), the CRC length is 6; otherwise, (a second transport block size range), the CRC length is 16. In this case, the second transport block size satisfies the requirement of being no less than the sum of the first transport block size and the first CRC length.

[0254] In some embodiments, the D2R information and R2D information transmissions use the same CRC addition mechanism.

[0255] In some embodiments, the CRC length is also related to the type of D2R information and R2D information. The information type includes data information or control information transmitted on the PRDCH, data information or control information transmitted on the PDRCH, pilot information, or positioning information. For example, the CRC length corresponding to pilot information and positioning information is 0.

[0256] In some embodiments, the first node generates the R2D indication information using a fixed coding scheme and / or modulation scheme.

[0257] In the above embodiment, R2D link information is sent on PRDCH, D2R link information is sent on PDRCH, and information used for sending common messages or access / inventory purposes is sent on a dedicated channel.

[0258] 14 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a signal transmission device provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure, which is applied to a first node. The signal transmission device 400 includes: a processing module 401 and a communication module 402.

[0259] The processing module 401 is used to generate configuration information of the signal to be transmitted;

[0260] Communication module 402 is used to send configuration information of the signal to be transmitted to the second node; wherein the configuration information includes at least a coding configuration; if the signal to be transmitted is a first signal, the coding configuration includes parameters related to the first coding method; if the signal to be transmitted is a second signal, the coding configuration includes parameters related to the second coding method.

[0261] In some embodiments, the data symbols encoded based on the first encoding method are associated with the previously preset data symbols.

[0262] In some embodiments, the start sequence and the end sequence of the first encoding mode are fixed sequences.

[0263] In some embodiments, each codeword in the second encoding method has at least one of the following features: bit hopping, high-low level hopping / frequency hopping, symbol hopping, and a separator between symbols.

[0264] In some embodiments, the starting sequence of the second encoding mode is related to the level of the starting position and / or ending position of the transmission information, and the ending sequence of the second encoding mode is related to the level of the ending position and / or starting position of the transmission information.

[0265] In some embodiments, the last n bits or levels of the starting sequence of the second encoding method are the same as or opposite to the levels of the starting position and / or ending position of the transmitted information; the first n bits or levels of the ending sequence of the second encoding method are the same as or opposite to the levels of the ending position and / or starting position of the transmitted information; wherein, the value of n is not less than the length of the codeword of the second encoding method, or not less than the maximum number of consecutive 0 / low level states or consecutive 1 / high level states in the codeword of the second encoding method.

[0266] In some embodiments, the starting sequence satisfies at least one of the following:

[0267] Located before the instruction information;

[0268] Located before data information;

[0269] Located before the pilot sequence;

[0270] Located before the synchronization sequence, or located after the synchronization sequence;

[0271] Located between two adjacent transport blocks; at least one of the two adjacent transport blocks does not transmit the corresponding cyclic redundancy check CRC bit, or the two adjacent transport blocks correspond to the same / common CRC bit sequence.

[0272] In some embodiments, the end sequence satisfies at least one of the following:

[0273] Located after the instruction information;

[0274] Located after the data information;

[0275] Located after the pilot sequence;

[0276] Located before the synchronization sequence, or located after the synchronization sequence;

[0277] Located between two adjacent transport blocks, at least one of the two adjacent transport blocks has no corresponding CRC bits transmitted after it, or the two adjacent transport blocks correspond to the same / common CRC bit sequence.

[0278] In some embodiments, there are multiple encoding modes for the signal to be transmitted, and each of the multiple encoding modes corresponds to a start sequence and / or an end sequence.

[0279] In some embodiments, the signal to be transmitted adopts a coding modulation scheme based on time domain extension or a coding modulation scheme based on sequence extension.

[0280] In some embodiments, parameters related to the coding modulation method based on time domain extension include at least one of the following: number of bit repetitions, number of clock cycle periods, frequency division ratio, time reference unit, sequence index, coding modulation scheme index, link direction information, and retransmission cyclic redundancy check indication.

[0281] In some embodiments, when the signal to be transmitted adopts a coding modulation method based on sequence extension, the same sequence in the signal to be transmitted satisfies at least one of the following: being in the same time domain unit, being in the same time domain symbol, and being in the same frequency range.

[0282] In some embodiments, the communication module 402 is further configured to receive power status information sent by the second node, where the power status information is used to represent the power status of the second node.

[0283] In some embodiments, the communication module 402 is further configured to send a charging signal to the second node based on the power status information.

[0284] In some embodiments, the power status information includes one of the following: remaining power, charging power threshold, charging duration, desired working mode of the charging signal, charging efficiency, effective charging duration of the most recent charging signal, device type, device working mode, transmission mode of the first signal, coding and modulation method of the second signal, activation / deactivation indication of the charging signal, start / termination indication of transmission of the charging signal, and start / termination indication of a working mode of the charging signal.

[0285] In some embodiments, the communication module 402 is further configured to send information related to the charging signal to the second node, where the information related to the charging signal is used to determine a working mode of the charging signal.

[0286] In some embodiments, the information related to the charging signal includes at least one of the following:

[0287] Information type of the most recent first signal;

[0288] The information type of the next first signal;

[0289] Information type of the most recent second signal;

[0290] The information type of the next second signal;

[0291] Working mode;

[0292] The type of the second node;

[0293] The type of node that sends the charging signal;

[0294] The most recently reported power status information of the second node;

[0295] the time interval between the most recent and the next first signal;

[0296] the time interval between the most recent and the next second signal;

[0297] The time interval between the two most recent first signals;

[0298] The time interval between the two most recent second signals.

[0299] In some embodiments, the communication module 402 is also used to send at least one of the following information to a third node: at least one parameter in the power status information of the second node, an activation / deactivation indication of the charging signal, a start / terminate indication of the transmission of the charging signal, a start / terminate indication of the working mode of the charging signal, and transmission resource configuration information of the charging signal; wherein the third node is a node that sends the charging signal to the second node.

[0300] In some embodiments, the transmission resource configuration information includes at least one of the following: a charging signal generation method, a charging signal waveform, a charging signal sending frequency, whether the charging signal needs to be modulated, a charging signal time domain transmission mode, a charging signal sending antenna port, a beam direction of the charging signal, a charging signal sending power, a charging signal waveform parameter, a charging signal function, a working mode of a node sending a charging signal, a charging signal power adjustment value, a power margin, and a power offset value.

[0301] In some embodiments, the charging signal is generated in a manner including at least one of the following:

[0302] Generated by sine wave method;

[0303] Generated by rectangular wave method;

[0304] Generated using a single carrier method;

[0305] Generate using multiple single carriers;

[0306] Generated using a multi-carrier approach;

[0307] It is generated using orthogonal frequency division multiplexing.

[0308] In some embodiments, the operating mode of the charging signal includes at least one of the following:

[0309] Terminate the transmission of the charging signal;

[0310] Transmission of continuous charging signals;

[0311] Transmission of modulated or unmodulated charging signals;

[0312] The charging signal is transmitted within at least one power range, and at least one power range does not overlap;

[0313] The charging signal is transmitted in at least one preset waveform;

[0314] The charging signal is transmitted in at least one time domain pattern, and the at least one time domain pattern corresponds to a different transmission timing.

[0315] In some embodiments, the waveform of the charging signal satisfies at least one of the following:

[0316] In the level rising phase of the charging signal, the rising time for the level of the charging signal to rise from the minimum value to the maximum value within the first electric field strength range is a first preset time length;

[0317] During the rising phase of the charging signal level, the time for the charging signal level to be stable within the second electric field strength range is a second preset time length;

[0318] In the level decreasing phase of the charging signal, the falling time of the charging signal level from the maximum value to the minimum value within the third electric field strength range is a third preset time length;

[0319] Among them, the first preset duration satisfies at least one of the following: less than the second preset duration, the difference between the first preset duration and the third preset duration is less than the first preset threshold, determined according to the capability of the second node, determined according to the capability of the first node, determined according to the capability of the third node, determined according to the working mode of the first node, determined according to the working mode of the second node, determined according to the working mode of the third node, determined according to the working mode of the second node, determined according to the reference time unit, determined according to the modulation symbol duration, less than or equal to the preset reference time units, less than or equal to the modulation symbol duration.

[0320] The second preset duration satisfies at least one of the following: less than or equal to the second preset threshold, less than or equal to preset times of the first preset duration and the third preset duration, determined according to the capability of the second node, determined according to the capability of the first node, determined according to the capability of the third node, determined according to the working mode of the first node, determined according to the working mode of the second node, determined according to the working mode of the third node, determined according to the working mode of the second node, determined according to the reference time unit, and determined according to the modulation symbol duration.

[0321] The third preset duration satisfies at least one of the following: determined according to the capability of the second node, determined according to the capability of the first node, determined according to the capability of the third node, determined according to the working mode of the first node, determined according to the working mode of the second node, determined according to the working mode of the third node, determined according to the working mode of the second node, determined according to the reference time unit, determined according to the modulation symbol duration, less than or equal to the preset reference time units, less than or equal to the modulation symbol duration.

[0322] In some embodiments, the communication module 402 is further configured to repeatedly send part of the first signal to the second node when the second node fails to successfully receive the first signal, and the check code of the part of the information during retransmission is the same as the check code during initial transmission.

[0323] In some embodiments, the communication module 402 is further configured to receive partial information of the second signal repeatedly sent by the second node when the first node fails to successfully receive the second signal, and the check code of the partial information during retransmission is the same as the check code during initial transmission.

[0324] FIG15 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a signal transmission device provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure, which is applied to a second node. The signal transmission device 500 includes: a communication module 501 and a processing module 502 .

[0325] The communication module 501 is used to receive configuration information of a signal to be transmitted sent by a first node; wherein the configuration information includes at least a coding configuration; if the signal to be transmitted is a first signal, the coding configuration includes parameters related to the first coding method; if the signal to be transmitted is a second signal, the coding configuration includes parameters related to the second coding method.

[0326] The processing module 502 is configured to transmit the signal to be transmitted based on the configuration information of the signal to be transmitted.

[0327] The specific contents involved in the second node signal transmission process will not be further described here, and reference may be made to the description of the first node side device or the description of some of the above embodiments.

[0328] In the case of implementing the functions of the above-mentioned integrated modules in hardware, the embodiments of the present disclosure also provide a possible structure of a communication device for executing the signal transmission method provided in the embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown in Figure 16, the communication device 600 includes: a communication interface 603, a processor 602, and a bus 604. Optionally, the communication device may also include a memory 601.

[0329] Processor 602 may implement or execute the various exemplary logic blocks, modules, and circuits described in conjunction with the embodiments of this disclosure. Processor 602 may be a central processing unit, a general-purpose processor, a digital signal processor, an application-specific integrated circuit, a field-programmable gate array, or other programmable logic device, a transistor logic device, a hardware component, or any combination thereof. It may implement or execute the various exemplary logic blocks, modules, and circuits described in conjunction with the embodiments of this disclosure. Processor 602 may also be a combination that implements computing functions, such as a combination of one or more microprocessors, or a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor.

[0330] The communication interface 603 is used to connect to other devices via a communication network, such as Ethernet, wireless access network, wireless local area network (WLAN), etc.

[0331] The memory 601 may be a read-only memory (ROM) or other type of static storage device that can store static information and instructions, a random access memory (RAM) or other type of dynamic storage device that can store information and instructions, or an electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), a disk storage medium or other magnetic storage device, or any other medium that can be used to carry or store desired program code in the form of instructions or data structures and can be accessed by a computer, but is not limited thereto.

[0332] As a possible implementation, the memory 601 can exist independently of the processor 602. The memory 601 can be connected to the processor 602 via a bus 604 to store instructions or program codes. When the processor 602 calls and executes the instructions or program codes stored in the memory 601, the signal transmission method provided in the embodiment of the present disclosure can be implemented.

[0333] In another possible implementation, the memory 601 may also be integrated with the processor 602 .

[0334] Bus 604 can be an Extended Industry Standard Architecture (EISA) bus, etc. Bus 604 can be divided into an address bus, a data bus, a control bus, etc. For ease of illustration, FIG16 shows only one thick line, but this does not mean that there is only one bus or only one type of bus.

[0335] Some embodiments of the present disclosure provide a computer-readable storage medium (e.g., a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium), which stores computer program instructions. When the computer program instructions are executed on a computer, the computer executes the signal transmission method described in any of the above embodiments.

[0336] In an exemplary embodiment, the computer may be the aforementioned communication device, and the present disclosure does not limit the specific form of the computer.

[0337] In some examples, the computer-readable storage media described above may include, but are not limited to, magnetic storage devices (e.g., hard disks, floppy disks, or magnetic tapes), optical disks (e.g., compact disks (CDs), digital versatile disks (DVDs), etc.), smart cards, and flash memory devices (e.g., erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), cards, sticks, or key drives, etc.). The various computer-readable storage media described in this disclosure may represent one or more devices and / or other machine-readable storage media for storing information. The term "machine-readable storage medium" may include, but is not limited to, wireless channels and various other media capable of storing, containing, and / or carrying instructions and / or data.

[0338] An embodiment of the present disclosure provides a computer program product comprising instructions. When the computer program product is run on a computer, the computer is enabled to execute the signal transmission method described in any one of the above embodiments.

[0339] The above is only a specific embodiment of the present disclosure, but the scope of protection of the present disclosure is not limited thereto. Any changes or replacements within the technical scope disclosed in the present disclosure should be included in the scope of protection of the present disclosure. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present disclosure should be based on the scope of protection of the claims.

Claims

1. A signal transmission method, characterized in that: Applied to the first node, the method includes: Configuration information of a signal to be transmitted is sent to a second node; wherein the configuration information includes at least a coding configuration; the signal to be transmitted is a first signal, and the coding configuration includes parameters related to a first coding method; the signal to be transmitted is a second signal, and the coding configuration includes parameters related to a second coding method.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The data symbols obtained by encoding based on the first encoding method are associated with the previously preset data symbols.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The starting sequence and the ending sequence of the first encoding mode are fixed sequences.

4. The method according to claim 1, wherein Each codeword in the second encoding mode has at least one of the following features: bit hopping, high-low level hopping / frequency hopping, symbol hopping, and a separator between symbols.

5. The method according to claim 1, wherein The starting sequence of the second encoding mode is related to the level of the starting position and / or the ending position of the transmission information, and the ending sequence of the second encoding mode is related to the level of the ending position and / or the starting position of the transmission information.

6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that The last n bits or levels of the starting sequence of the second encoding mode are the same as or opposite to the levels of the starting position and / or ending position of the transmission information; the first n bits or levels of the ending sequence of the second encoding mode are the same as or opposite to the levels of the ending position and / or starting position of the transmission information; wherein the value of n is not less than the length of the codeword of the second encoding mode, or not less than the maximum number of consecutive 0 / low level states or consecutive 1 / high level states in the codeword of the second encoding mode.

7. The method according to claim 3 or 5, characterized in that The starting sequence satisfies at least one of the following: Located before the instruction information; Located before data information; Located before the pilot sequence; located before a synchronization sequence, or located after the synchronization sequence; Located between two adjacent transport blocks; at least one of the two adjacent transport blocks does not transmit corresponding cyclic redundancy check CRC bits, or the two adjacent transport blocks correspond to the same / common CRC bit sequence.

8. The method according to claim 3 or 5, characterized in that The end sequence satisfies at least one of the following: Located after the instruction information; Located after the data information; Located after the pilot sequence; located before a synchronization sequence, or located after the synchronization sequence; Located between two adjacent transport blocks, at least one of the two adjacent transport blocks has no corresponding CRC bits transmitted after the transport block, or the two adjacent transport blocks correspond to the same / common CRC bit sequence.

9. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that There are multiple encoding modes for the signal to be transmitted, and each of the multiple encoding modes corresponds to a start sequence and / or an end sequence.

10. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The signal to be transmitted adopts a coding modulation mode based on time domain extension or a coding modulation mode based on sequence extension.

11. The method according to claim 10, characterized in that The parameters related to the coding modulation mode based on time domain extension include at least one of the following: number of bit repetitions, number of clock cycle periods, frequency division ratio, time reference unit, sequence index, coding modulation scheme index, link direction information, and retransmission cyclic redundancy check indication.

12. The method according to claim 10, characterized in that In the case where the signal to be transmitted adopts a coding modulation mode based on sequence extension, the same sequence in the signal to be transmitted satisfies at least one of the following: being in the same time domain unit, being in the same time domain symbol, and being in the same frequency range.

13. The method according to claim 1, wherein The method comprises: Power status information sent by the second node is received, where the power status information is used to represent the power status of the second node.

14. The method according to claim 13, wherein: The method further comprises: Based on the power status information, a charging signal is sent to the second node.

15. The method according to claim 13, characterized in that The power status information includes one of the following: remaining power, charging power threshold, charging duration, expected working mode of the charging signal, charging efficiency, effective charging duration of the most recent charging signal, device type, device working mode, transmission mode of the first signal, coding and modulation mode of the second signal, activation / deactivation indication of the charging signal, start / stop indication of transmission of the charging signal, and a start / stop indication of the working mode of the charging signal.

16. The method according to claim 14, characterized in that The method further comprises: Sending information related to the charging signal to the second node, where the information related to the charging signal is used to determine an operating mode of the charging signal.

17. The method according to claim 16, characterized in that The information related to the charging signal includes at least one of the following: Information type of the most recent first signal; The information type of the next first signal; Information type of the most recent second signal; The information type of the next second signal; Working mode; the type of the second node; The type of node that sends the charging signal; the most recently reported power status information of the second node; the time interval between the most recent and the next first signal; the time interval between the most recent and the next second signal; The time interval between the two most recent first signals; The time interval between the two most recent second signals.

18. The method according to claim 1 or 14, characterized in that The method further comprises: Send at least one item of the following information to a third node: at least one parameter in the power state information of the second node, an activation / deactivation indication of the charging signal, a start / stop indication of transmission of the charging signal, a start / stop indication of an operating mode of the charging signal, and transmission resource configuration information of the charging signal; wherein the third node is the node that sends the charging signal to the second node.

19. The method according to claim 18, characterized in that The transmission resource configuration information includes at least one of the following: charging signal generation method, charging signal waveform, charging signal transmission frequency, whether the charging signal needs to be modulated, charging signal time domain transmission mode, charging signal transmission antenna port, charging signal transmission beam direction, charging signal transmission power, charging signal waveform parameters, charging signal function, working mode of the node sending the charging signal, charging signal power adjustment value, power margin, and power offset value.

20. The method according to claim 14, wherein The charging signal is generated in a manner including at least one of the following: Generated by sine wave method; It is generated by rectangular wave method; Generated using a single carrier method; Generate using multiple single carriers; Generated using a multi-carrier approach; It is generated using orthogonal frequency division multiplexing.

21. The method according to claim 14, wherein The operating mode of the charging signal includes at least one of the following: terminating the transmission of the charging signal; Continuing the transmission of the charging signal; Transmission of the charging signal, modulated or unmodulated; The charging signal is transmitted within at least one power range, and the at least one power range does not overlap; The charging signal is transmitted in at least one preset waveform; The charging signal is transmitted in at least one time domain pattern, and the at least one time domain pattern corresponds to different transmission timings.

22. The method according to claim 14, wherein The waveform of the charging signal satisfies at least one of the following: In the level rising phase of the charging signal, the rising time for the level of the charging signal to rise from the minimum value to the maximum value within the first electric field strength range is a first preset time length; During the level rising phase of the charging signal, the time for the level of the charging signal to be stabilized within the second electric field strength range is a second preset time length; In the level decreasing phase of the charging signal, the falling time of the charging signal level from the maximum value to the minimum value within the third electric field strength range is a third preset time length; The first preset duration satisfies at least one of the following: is less than the second preset duration, a difference between the first preset duration and the third preset duration is less than a first preset threshold, is determined according to the capability of the second node, is determined according to the capability of the first node, is determined according to the capability of the third node, is determined according to the working mode of the first node, is determined according to the working mode of the second node, is determined according to the working mode of the third node, is determined according to the working mode of the second node, is determined according to a reference time unit, is determined according to a modulation symbol duration, is less than or equal to a preset reference time unit, and is less than or equal to a modulation symbol duration; The second preset duration satisfies at least one of the following: less than or equal to a second preset threshold, less than or equal to preset times of the first preset duration and the third preset duration, determined according to the capability of the second node, determined according to the capability of the first node, determined according to the capability of the third node, determined according to the working mode of the first node, determined according to the working mode of the second node, determined according to the working mode of the third node, determined according to the working mode of the second node, determined according to the reference time unit, and determined according to the modulation symbol duration; The third preset duration satisfies at least one of the following: determined according to the capability of the second node, determined according to the capability of the first node, determined according to the capability of the third node, determined according to the working mode of the first node, determined according to the working mode of the second node, determined according to the working mode of the third node, determined according to the working mode of the second node, determined according to the reference time unit, determined according to the modulation symbol duration, less than or equal to the preset reference time units, less than or equal to the modulation symbol duration.

23. The method according to claim 1, wherein In the case that the second node fails to successfully receive the first signal, the first node repeatedly sends part of the information of the first signal to the second node, and the check code of the part of the information during retransmission is the same as the check code during initial transmission.

24. The method according to claim 1, wherein In the case that the first node fails to successfully receive the second signal, the first node receives partial information of the second signal repeatedly sent by the second node, and the check code of the partial information during retransmission is the same as the check code during initial transmission.

25. A signal transmission method, characterized in that: Applied to the second node, the method includes: Receive configuration information of a signal to be transmitted sent by a first node; wherein the configuration information includes at least a coding configuration; the signal to be transmitted is a first signal, and the coding configuration includes parameters related to a first coding method; the signal to be transmitted is a second signal, and the coding configuration includes parameters related to a second coding method.

26. The method according to claim 25, characterized in that The data symbols obtained by encoding based on the first encoding method are associated with the previously preset data symbols.

27. The method according to claim 25, characterized in that The starting sequence and the ending sequence of the first encoding mode are fixed sequences.

28. The method according to claim 25, characterized in that Each codeword in the second encoding mode has at least one of the following features: bit hopping, high-low level hopping / frequency hopping, symbol hopping, and a separator between symbols.

29. The method according to claim 25, characterized in that The starting sequence of the second encoding mode is related to the level of the starting position and / or the ending position of the transmission information, and the ending sequence of the second encoding mode is related to the level of the ending position and / or the starting position of the transmission information.

30. The method according to claim 25, wherein The signal to be transmitted adopts a coding modulation mode based on time domain extension or a coding modulation mode based on sequence extension.

31. The method according to claim 25, wherein The method comprises: Power status information is sent to the first node, where the power status information is used to represent a power status of the second node.

32. The method according to claim 31, characterized in that The method further comprises: Based on the power state information, a charging signal sent by the first node is received.

33. The method according to claim 31, characterized in that The power status information includes one of the following: power margin, charging power threshold, charging duration, expected working mode of the charging signal, charging efficiency, effective charging duration of the most recent charging signal, device type, device working mode, transmission mode of the first signal, coding and modulation mode of the second signal, activation / deactivation indication of the charging signal, start / stop indication of transmission of the charging signal, and a start / stop indication of the working mode of the charging signal.

34. The method according to claim 32, wherein The method further comprises: Receive information related to the charging signal sent by the first node, where the information related to the charging signal is used to determine an operating mode of the charging signal.

35. A communication device, characterized in that: include: memory and processor; Memory and processor coupling; The memory is used to store instructions executable by the processor; When the processor executes the instructions, the method according to any one of claims 1 to 34 is performed.

36. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that The computer-readable storage medium stores computer instructions, and when the computer instructions are executed on a communication device, the communication device is caused to perform the method according to any one of claims 1 to 34.

37. A computer program product, characterized in that When the computer program product is executed, the signal transmission method according to any one of claims 1 to 24 or the signal transmission method according to any one of claims 25 to 34 is implemented.

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