Communication devices and methods for inventory procedure
By enabling the intermediate node to manage inventory procedures for Ambient IoT devices, the solution addresses the RAN node's tracking limitations, enhancing efficiency and reducing latency in inventory operations.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2025/087031
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Priority Date
- 2024-04-03
- Filing Date
- 2025-04-03
- Publication Date
- 2025-10-09
AI Technical Summary
In Ambient IoT networks, the RAN node's inability to constantly track the status updates of battery-free, energy-harvesting IoT devices leads to redundancy, signaling overhead, and latency issues during inventory procedures, as the RAN node assumes responsibility for triggering commands to these devices despite the intermediate node having more accurate knowledge of their status.
An intermediate node is empowered to determine and initiate inventory procedures for Ambient IoT devices, reducing reliance on the RAN node and enhancing the efficiency of inventory operations by directly managing these procedures.
This approach reduces latency and signaling overhead, improving the performance and coverage of inventory procedures for Ambient IoT devices, particularly in scenarios like warehouse management, by allowing the intermediate node to manage device status updates and commands more effectively.
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Figure CN2025087031_09102025_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
COMMUNICATION DEVICES AND METHODS FOR INVENTORY PROCEDURETECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present disclosure relates to wireless communication, and more particularly, to communication devices and methods for inventory procedure.BACKGROUND
[0002] Wireless Internet of Things (IoT) devices are often battery powered, and both the need to change battery and the battery lifetime may be concerns for many potential applications, such as asset tracking or environmental / industrial sensors. For this reason, the wireless communications industry has been interested in so-called Ambient-IoT or zero-energy (ZE) devices. Ambient-IoT devices refer to wireless IoT devices that do not require battery replacement, and often harvest energy from the environment. In some use cases, such as monitoring the temperature of foodstuffs, Ambient-IoT devices may have small batteries that are disposable (e.g., organic, compostable batteries) , rechargeable or have very limited capacity.
[0003] In addition, these Ambient-IoT devices can be of very small form factor and even be printable. They target ultra-low power consumption to enable operation based on either energy-harvesting from an ambient sources or back-scattering communication like that of Radio-Frequency Identification (RFID) . That is, instead of relying on energy for communication being provided by a battery, it is instead harvested from an ambient source, such as vibrations, solar power, RF, etc., or a charge carrier wave is provided to the device which is modulated and reflected back to a reader (in back-scattering communication case) . This enables energy autonomous operation during the lifetime of the Ambient-IoT devices without need for either manual replacement or charging of batteries. Compared to existing radio access technologies, this puts new requirements on radio interface and protocols.
[0004] Ambient-IoT in 3GPP Rel-19
[0005] Recently work on Ambient-IoT has started in 3GPP, TR 22.840 is being developed by SA1 to capture potential use cases, traffic scenarios, device constraints of A-IoT and identify new potential service requirements as well as new KPIs.
[0006] Meanwhile, a study item at RAN plenary level RP-222685, ‘Study on Ambient Power Enabled IoT, ’ is being carried out with a focus on the feasibility of meeting design targets for relevant use cases of Ambient IoT. The outcome is being reported in TR 38.848. Eventually, a new SID RP-234058, ‘Study on solutions for Ambient IoT in NR, ’ has been agreed to study A-IoT in 3GPP Rel-19.
[0007] Connectivity topologies for Ambient IoT
[0008] The connectivity topologies for Ambient IoT networks and devices are defined for the purposes of the study in TR 38.848. In all these topologies, the Ambient IoT device may be provided with a carrier wave from other node (s) either inside or outside the topology. The links in each topology may be bidirectional or unidirectional.
[0009] BS, UE, assisting node, or intermediate node could be multiple BSs or UEs, respectively. The mixture of indoor and outdoor placement of such nodes is regarded as a network implementation choice. Account would need to be taken of potential impact on device or node complexity. In the connectivity topologies, this does not imply the existence of multi-hop assisting or intermediate nodes. Different topologies are illustrated in Figures 1 and 2, respectively.
[0010] Topology 1:
[0011] Figure 1 shows an example of connectivity topology, Topology 1. In Topology 1, the Ambient IoT device directly and bidirectionally communicates with a base station. The communication between the base station and the Ambient IoT device includes Ambient IoT data and / or signaling. This topology includes the possibility that the BS transmitting to the Ambient IoT device is different from the BS receiving from the Ambient IoT device.
[0012] Topology 2:
[0013] Figure 2 shows another example of connectivity topology, Topology 2. In Topology 2, the Ambient IoT device communicates bidirectionally with an intermediate node between the device and base station. In this topology, the intermediate node can be a relay, IAB node, UE, repeater, etc. which is capable of Ambient IoT. The intermediate node transfers Ambient IoT data and / or signaling between BS and the Ambient IoT device.
[0014] The intermediate node, e.g., UE, is an essential equipment / device in Topology 2 different from Topology 1 in Ambient-IoT, which forwards (e.g., transparently) / adapts (e.g., convert information / message) / initiates (e.g., owned information / message) data / signaling to / from the Ambient IoT device and / or a RAN node (e.g., BS, gNB, Core Network (CN) ) . Such intermediate node is going to be studied in the upcoming 3GPP release (first release is Rel-19) .
[0015] Deployment scenarios
[0016] Deployment scenario 1: Device indoors, base station indoors
[0017] Deployment scenario 2: Device indoors, base station outdoor
[0018] Device categories
[0019] Ambient IoT devices are characterized in the study in TR 38.848 according to their energy storage capacity, and capability of generating RF signals for their transmissions.
[0020] The study considers that a device has either:
[0021] -No energy storage at all; or
[0022] -Limited energy storage.
[0023] Relying on these storage capacities, the study considers the following set of Ambient IoT devices:
[0024] -Device A: No energy storage, no independent signal generation / amplification, i.e. backscattering transmission.
[0025] -Device B: Has energy storage, no independent signal generation, i.e. backscattering transmission. Use of stored energy can include amplification for reflected signals.
[0026] -Device C: Has energy storage, has independent signal generation, i.e., active RF components for transmission.
[0027] A limited energy storage can be different among implementations within Device B or implementations within Device C, and different between Device B and Device C. Such storage is expected to be order (s) of magnitude smaller than an NB-IoT device would typically include.
[0028] Device A, B, and C are able to demodulate control, data, etc, from the relevant entity in RAN according to connectivity topology.
[0029] Fundamental operations in RFID
[0030] RFID, which stands for Radio-Frequency Identification, is a technology that uses radio waves to identify and track objects or people. In the context of RFID, ‘inventory’ and ‘query’ are terms used to describe two fundamental operations related to the identification and tracking of RFID tags.
[0031] Inventory
[0032] Definition: Inventory in RFID refers to the process of identifying and listing all RFID tags within the read range of an RFID reader.
[0033] Operation: The RFID reader sends out radio signals to activate RFID tags in its vicinity. Tags within range respond by transmitting their unique identifier (ID) information to the reader. The reader captures and records this information, creating a list or inventory of all the tags present.
[0034] Query
[0035] Definition: Query in RFID involves a specific request to obtain information from a particular RFID tag.
[0036] Operation: Unlike inventory, where the RFID reader captures information from all tags in its range, a query is a targeted request for information from a specific tag. The reader sends a query command to the desired tag, and the tag responds with its unique identifier or other relevant data. This allows for more selective communication with individual RFID tags.
[0037] In summary, inventory is a broader operation that involves identifying and listing all RFID tags within the reader’s range, while a query is a more specific operation that targets a particular RFID tag to retrieve specific information. Both inventory and query operations are essential in RFID systems for tracking, managing, and collecting data about objects or people with RFID tags.SUMMARY
[0038] In some application scenarios with an intermediate node, such as in the above Topology 2, used for warehouse / inventory / factory management, for example, the intermediate node is normally close to the A-IoT devices to be served, and is able to maintain stable connection to the A-IoT devices. That is, only the intermediate node can reach the A-IoT devices and track the status update of the A-IoT devices.
[0039] Although the intermediate node is closer to the A-IoT devices, and thereby has more accurate knowledge of the A-IoT devices, a default assumption is that the RAN node (e.g., CN or application server) is responsible for triggering an A-IoT control signaling / service request with respect to the A-IoT device. Since the RAN node isn’t able to constantly track the status update (e.g., change in location, in coverage or out of coverage of the RAN node) of the A-IoT device, there is redundancy, signaling overhead and latency issues if the RAN node firstly signals the intermediate node to send, for example, an inventory-related command to the A-IoT device.
[0040] Given that, it’s desirable to exploit mechanisms for enhancing the inventory procedure with the intermediate node in Ambient IoT.
[0041] It is an object of the present disclosure to provide communication devices and methods for enhanced inventory procedure.
[0042] According to a first aspect of the present disclosure, a method in a first communication device is provided. The method includes transmitting, to a second communication device, an indication that the first communication device prefers an inventory procedure to be performed for one or more terminal devices.
[0043] According to a second aspect of the present disclosure, a method in a second communication device is provided. The method includes receiving, from a first communication device, an indication that the first communication device prefers an inventory procedure to be performed for one or more terminal devices.
[0044] According to a third aspect of the present disclosure, a first communication device is provided. The first communication device includes a transmitting unit configured to transmit, to a second communication device, an indication that the first communication device prefers an inventory procedure to be performed for one or more terminal devices.
[0045] According to a fourth aspect of the present disclosure, a second communication device is provided. The second communication device includes a receiving unit configured to receive, from a first communication device, an indication that the first communication device prefers an inventory procedure to be performed for one or more terminal devices.
[0046] According to a fifth aspect of the present disclosure, a first communication device is provided. The first communication device includes a communication interface, a processor and a memory, the memory comprising instructions executable by the processor whereby the first communication device is operative to transmit, to a second communication device, an indication that the first communication device prefers an inventory procedure to be performed for one or more terminal devices.
[0047] According to a sixth aspect of the present disclosure, a second communication device is provided. The second communication device includes a communication interface, a processor and a memory, the memory comprising instructions executable by the processor whereby the second communication device is operative to receive, from a first communication device, an indication that the first communication device prefers an inventory procedure to be performed for one or more terminal devices
[0048] According to a seventh aspect of the present disclosure, a computer program product is provided. The computer program product has one or more instructions stored thereon, the instructions, when executed by a processor in a communication device, causing the communication device to perform any of the above methods.
[0049] With the embodiments of the present disclosure, a possibility is provided that, instead of the RAN node, an intermediate node is able to determine and cause performance of an inventory procedure for the A-IoT devices. This can enrich potential use cases for A-IoT devices, e.g., Apple Tag like service / use case, with much better performance in terms of coverage, capacity, etc.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0050] The above and other objects, features and advantages will be more apparent from the following description of embodiments with reference to the figures, in which:
[0051] Figure 1 shows an example of connectivity topology, Topology 1, for Ambient IoT;
[0052] Figure 2 shows another example of connectivity topology, Topology 2, for Ambient IoT;
[0053] Figure 3 is a flowchart illustrating a method in a first communication device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
[0054] Figure 4 is a flowchart illustrating a method in a second communication device according to another embodiment of the present disclosure;
[0055] Figure 5 shows an example of protocol stack for Ambient IoT, where A-IoT layer is terminated at the A-IoT device and the CN;
[0056] Figure 6 is a flowchart illustrating an example of an inventory procedure according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
[0057] Figure 7 shows another example of protocol stack for Ambient IoT, where A-IoT layer is terminated at the A-IoT device, the intermediate node and the CN;
[0058] Figure 8 is a flowchart illustrating another example of an inventory procedure according to another embodiment of the present disclosure;
[0059] Figure 9 is a block diagram of a first communication device according to another embodiment of the present disclosure;
[0060] Figure 10 is a block diagram of a second communication device according to another embodiment of the present disclosure;
[0061] Figure 11 shows an example of a communication system 1300 in accordance with some embodiments;
[0062] Figure 12 shows a UE 1400 in accordance with some embodiments;
[0063] Figure 13 shows a network node 1500 in accordance with some embodiments; and
[0064] Figure 14 is a block diagram illustrating a virtualization environment 1600 in which functions implemented by some embodiments may be virtualized.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0065] In below embodiments, we have considered or assumed use cases with ultra-low power devices, zero-energy or A-IoT devices. However, the solutions should not be limited to such devices, and can be extended other service / device classes or categories, e.g., related to Enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB) , massive-MTC (Machine Type Communications) , Ultra-Reliable and Low-Latency Communications (URLLC) , Time-Sensitive Networking (TSN) , etc.
[0066] In below embodiments, the procedures which the communication devices conducts covering downlink (DL) reception and uplink (UL0 transmission includes measurements for radio link monitoring and / or mobility purposes, paging monitoring, logging / reporting measurement results, tracking area update, searching for a new Public Land Mobile Network (PLMN) , random access or other access scheme, camping on a cell, cell change, data transmission and reception etc. In a general view, these procedures will consume power in devices.
[0067] The term “RAN node” is used which can be a network node or a user equipment (UE) . Examples of network nodes are NodeB, base station (BS) , multi-standard radio (MSR) radio node such as MSR BS, eNodeB, gNodeB, MeNB, SeNB, location measurement unit (LMU) , integrated access backhaul (IAB) node, network controller, radio network controller (RNC) , base station controller (BCS) , relay, IAB, repeater, donor node controlling relay, base transceiver station (BTS) , Central Unit (e.g. in a gNB) , Distributed Unit (e.g. in a gNB) , Baseband Unit, Centralized Baseband, C-RAN, access point (AP) , transmission points, transmission nodes, transmission reception point (TRP) , RRU, RRH, nodes in distributed antenna system (DAS) , core network node (e.g. MCS, MME etc) , O&M, OSS, SON, positioning node (e.g. E-SMLC) , etc. In particular, in Ambient IoT scenario, the RAN nodes comprise intermediate node / UE (e.g., relay UE, IAB, repeater etc. ) and assisting node / UE (e.g., relay UE, IAB, repeater etc. ) .
[0068] The term “terminal device” refers to any end device that can access a wireless communication network and receive services therefrom. In some embodiments, a terminal device may be configured to transmit and / or receive information without direct human interaction. For instance, a terminal device may be designed to transmit information to a network on a predetermined schedule, when triggered by an internal or external event, or in response to requests from the wireless communication network. Instead, a UE may represent a device that is intended for sale to, or operation by, a human user but that may not initially be associated with a specific human user. The terminal device may support device-to-device (D2D) communication, for example by implementing a 3GPP standard for sidelink communication, and may in this case be referred to as a D2D communication device. As yet another example, in an IoT scenario, a terminal device may represent a machine or other device that performs monitoring and / or measurements, and transmits the results of such monitoring and / or measurements to another terminal device and / or network equipment. The terminal device may in this case be a machine-to-machine (M2M) device, which may in a 3GPP context be referred to as a machine-type communication (MTC) device. As one particular example, the terminal device may be a UE implementing the 3GPP narrow band internet of things (NB-IoT) standard. Particular examples of such machines or devices are sensors, metering devices such as power meters, industrial machinery, or home or personal appliances, for example refrigerators, televisions, personal wearables such as watches etc. In other scenarios, a terminal device may represent a vehicle or other equipment that is capable of monitoring and / or reporting on its operational status or other functions associated with its operation.
[0069] The term “time resource” used herein may correspond to any type of physical resource or radio resource expressed in terms of length of time. Examples of time resources are: symbol, time slot, subframe, radio frame, TTI, interleaving time, slot, sub-slot, mini-slot, system frame number (SFN) cycle, hyper-SFN (H-SFN) cycle, etc.
[0070] Here, “polling, ” “poll” and “paging, ” “page, ” “inventory, ” “query, ” “interrogate” are used to represent one or more than one signal transmitted by a network node broadcast wise or specially to a dedicated UE. The purpose of the signal is to facilitate / serve / manage / command one or more than one UE to synchronize to the network node (DL / UL synchronize to a reference time / frame / symbol, or synchronize to one or more than one signal which the UE receives from the network node, or synchronize based on a pre-defined rule) , receive DL data, response and transmit UL data correctly in intended resources. The content of such signal may be a particular reference signal or a signal carrying control information and / or data. Such signal may be transmitted periodically or a periodically configured by the network node.
[0071] Here, “A-IoT UE, ” “A-IoT device, ” “terminal device, ” or “UE” can be used interchangeably without losing meaning. “Intermediate UE” can be referred as “intermediate node. ”
[0072] References in the specification to “one embodiment, ” “an embodiment, ” “an example embodiment, ” and the like indicate that the embodiment described may include a particular feature, structure, or characteristic, but it is not necessary that every embodiment includes the particular feature, structure, or characteristic. Moreover, such phrases are not necessarily referring to the same embodiment. Further, when a particular feature, structure, or characteristic is described in connection with an embodiment, it is submitted that it is within the knowledge of one skilled in the art to affect such feature, structure, or characteristic in connection with other embodiments whether or not explicitly described.
[0073] Below description will be given to explain communication devices and methods for an inventory procedure, in which a first communication device acting as an intermediate node is able to determine and cause performance of an inventory procedure for the A-IoT devices. An example application scenario may be with connectivity topology, Topology 2, as shown in Figure 2, in which the BS (and the CN) and the A-IoT device may exchange data via the intermediate node. Here, the term “data” may stand for A-IoT data exchanged between the A-IoT device and the CN (e.g., AIOTF or AIoT NF which is responsible for A-IoT service handling) . A-IoT data may comprise at least one of the below information, but not limited to:
[0074] ·Device ID (i.e., CN ID e.g., SUPI, SUCI, 5G-GUTI or Application ID, e.g., EPC) ,
[0075] ·Other information such as device status, device measurement results and / or device location,
[0076] ·Sensor data,
[0077] ·Actuator control information including actuator command sent by the network and / or the Actuator execution result.
[0078] Note that data would be somewhat different depending on the service:
[0079] ·Inventory: the gNB / reader initiates the inventory procedure over the air interface and will report the results of the inventory procedure to the CN.
[0080] ·UL data (or ‘read’ ) : two alternatives are possible:
[0081] 1. A data field is included in the inventory report, i.e. a record in the inventory report does not only contain device ID but also an associated data field, e.g. a status report.
[0082] 2. Device reporting per device. e.g., for the reporting of sensor data or an event. This is more similar to legacy Random Access, but could be achieved also for passive devices by a common carrier wave opportunity which should only be used by device with new data in the UL buffer.
[0083] ·DL Command (or ‘write’ ) : two alternatives are possible:
[0084] 1. Common transmission in the UP tunnel. Similar to the inventory and data field report above but instead in the downlink, and the data field contains either a command for the device or some data to be written to the associated device. The gNB / reader is responsible for delivery of this is each device. (No necessarily Ack per device to CN, but the gNB / reader could report back to CN which devices it successfully managed to transmit to) .
[0085] 2. Device command per device. i.e., data / command is received per device by NB / reader.
[0086] Here, a protocol layer is defined to carry A-IoT control signaling and / or data. This layer is named as ‘A-IoT layer’ in the embodiments as an example. Any other names / terms (e.g., ‘IoT layer’ , ‘IoT NAS’ , ‘A-IoT NAS’ , ‘NAS’ etc) are interchangeably applicable without losing the meaning.
[0087] Figure 3 is a flowchart illustrating a method 300 in a first communication device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The method 200 can be performed in an intermediate node, for example, in Figure 2.
[0088] At block 310, the first communication device transmits, to a second communication device, an indication that the first communication device prefers an inventory procedure to be performed for one or more terminal devices. Here, the second communication device comprises one or more of network nodes including a base station and / or a core network node, which is responsible for Ambient IoT service handling. The one or more terminal devices comprises one or more Ambient IoT devices, and the first communication device comprises an intermediate node capable of Ambient IoT, including one or more of a relay, IAB node, UE, and repeater.
[0089] In case that the first communication device is an intermediate UE, such UE may serve at least two roles, for example, the first role is a normal UE towards the gNB, and the second role is a reader towards A-IoT devices in the proximity.
[0090] In an example, conditions are defined based on which the first communication device can indicate to the second communication device to initiate / trigger an inventory procedure towards one or multiple terminal devices. The first communication device may transmit the indication at block 310 based on one or more of:
[0091] ·an upper layer (e.g., an application) in the first communication device has determined to perform the inventory procedure for the one or more terminal devices;
[0092] ·information of one or more of the terminal devices which has been registered in the first communication device needs to be updated; for example, for one or multiple of the terminal devices which have been already inventoried and stored context information in the intermediate node (e.g., stored in the application layer) and may be referred to as registered devices, the context information may become invalid or out of dated in the intermediate node, e.g., an invalidity timer is expired;
[0093] ·the first communication device detects that one or more of the terminal devices which has been registered in the first communication device becomes out of coverage of the first communication device; for example, proximity detection performed by the intermediate node indicates that at least one of the terminal devices (which has been registered to the intermediate node) has moved out of the proximity / coverage of the intermediate node, or become out of coverage due to the terminal device’s movement or the intermediate node’s movement;
[0094] ·the inventory procedure for the one or more terminal devices needs to be performed according to a preset configuration; for example, according to a configuration received from the RAN node (e.g., the gNB) or the CN, e.g., a periodical timer, the intermediate node needs to inventory one or multiple of the terminal devices;
[0095] ·the first communication device moves into / out of / stays in an area where the inventory procedure for the one or more terminal devices needs to be performed;
[0096] ·one or more conditions external to the first communication device fulfill or cease to fulfill one or more criteria, that may be based on a configuration; for example, the temperature changes across a threshold for which an inventory procedure needs to be performed;
[0097] ·a presence or absence of another communication device, such as another intermediate node, in an area associated with the first communication device;
[0098] ·a changed / renewed connection of the first communication device to another communication device, such as another BS;
[0099] ·a presence or transmission properties / activity of another communication device providing a Carrier Wave (CW) transmission; for example, the network configures / activates a CW that may be from another node or multiple nodes, or alternatively triggers a change in transmission of a CW on a frequency / time resource on a node or nodes; which may then trigger the intermediate node to attempt or request an inventory procedure initiation; note that the node emitting a CW in this respect can be either the gNB, the intermediate node or another device or node external to the intermediate node (e.g., reader or) gNB controlled by the NW / gNB; or
[0100] ·a presence or transmission properties / activity of another communication device providing energy; for example, RF energy that can power up terminal devices in the proximity; the communication device or node providing RF energy can be named as energizer, and the energizer’s transmission / activity can be controlled by the gNB or the intermediate node; here, such communication device or node may provide both RF energy and CW to terminal devices in the proximity.
[0101] In an example, the first communication device may transmit the indication together with one or more of:
[0102] · capability information about whether the first communication device is able to ask for performance of the inventory procedure for the one or more terminal devices;
[0103] · Device ID or Device Group ID of the one or more terminal devices;
[0104] · Area ID of an area associated with the first communication device;
[0105] · a location of the first communication device;
[0106] · Serving Cell ID associated with the first communication device;
[0107] · a reason why the first communication device prefers the inventory procedure to be performed for the one or more terminal devices;
[0108] · capability information about whether the first communication device is able to operate as an intermediate node between the second communication device and the terminal device; or
[0109] · authorization information about whether the first communication device is authorized to operate as an intermediate node between the second communication device and the terminal device.
[0110] In an example, the method 300 may further include one or more of:
[0111] forwarding, to the one or more terminal devices, an inventory request from the second communication device; or
[0112] forwarding, to the second communication device, an inventory response from the one or more terminal devices.
[0113] Here, the inventory request and the inventory response may be transparent to the first communication device in a protocol layer defined to carry control signaling and / or data for the one or more terminal devices, for example, the A-IoT layer defined above. That is, the first communication device cannot read / decode the inventory request or the inventory response, and just forward these messages between the second communication device and the terminal devices. Then, after the second communication device decode the inventory response, it may inform the content of the inventory response to the first communication device, since it is the first communication device that has initially indicated to the second communication device to trigger the inventory procedure. In this case, the method 300 may further includes receiving by the first communication device, content of the inventory response from the second communication device, and storing and / or updating by the first communication device, context of the one or more terminal devices based on the received content.
[0114] In another example, the method 300 may further include one or more of:
[0115] forwarding, to the one or more terminal devices, an inventory request from the second communication device;
[0116] forwarding, to the second communication device, an inventory response from the one or more terminal devices; or
[0117] storing and / or updating context of the one or more terminal devices based on content of an inventory response from the one or more terminal devices.
[0118] In this example, the inventory request or the inventory response is not transparent to the first communication device in a protocol layer defined to carry control signaling and / or data for the one or more terminal devices, for example, the A-IoT layer defined above. That is, the first communication device can read / decode the inventory request and the inventory response. Thus, the first communication device may store and / or update context of the one or more terminal devices as it receives and decode the inventory response from the terminal devices.
[0119] In an example, when forwarding the inventory request to the terminal devices, the first communication device may allocate, to the one or more terminal devices, resources for communication. Alternatively, the first communication device may allocate resources to the terminal devices via a separate message.
[0120] In an example, the first communication device may receive ID (s) of one or more of the terminal devices to be inventoried by the second communication device together with the inventory request. The device ID (s) may be able to be read / decoded by the first communication device. For example, the device ID (s) may be transmitted in N1 NAS layer or a layer between N1 NAS layer and A-IoT layer as shown in Figure 5 or 6.
[0121] In an example, the inventory response may include position information of the one or more terminal devices, which may be provided by the one or more terminal devices and / or the first communication device. In an example, the first communication may determine for which of the terminal devices the position information shall be added, based on from which of the terminal devices the first communication device has received the inventory response or ID of the terminal devices the first communication device has received together with the inventory request from the second communication device. Then, the first communication device may add the determined position information to the inventory response when forwarding the inventory response to the second communication device.
[0122] Figure 4 is a flowchart illustrating a method 400 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The method 400 can be performed in a second communication device, e.g., a base station and / or a CN node, which is responsible for Ambient IoT service handling.
[0123] At block 410, the second communication device may receive, from the first communication device such as an intermediate node, an indication that the first communication device prefers an inventory procedure to be performed for one or more terminal devices such as A-IoT devices.
[0124] In an example, the method 400 may further include that, after receiving the indication, the second communication device checks whether the first communication device is able to operate as an intermediate node between the second communication device and the terminal devices, and / or whether the first communication device is authorized to operate as an intermediate node between the second communication device and the terminal devices.
[0125] In an example, the method 400 may further include one or more of:
[0126] in response to receiving the indication, transmitting by the second communication device an inventory request to the one or more terminal devices via the first communication device; or
[0127] receiving, by the second communication device. an inventory response from the one or more terminal devices via the first communication device.
[0128] In this example, the inventory request and the inventory response may be transparently forwarded by the first communication device in the A-IoT layer. That is, the first communication device cannot read / decode these messages. In this case, the method 400 may further include transmitting by the second communication device content of the inventory response to the first communication device so that the first communication device can store and / or update context of the one or more terminal devices based on the received content.
[0129] In another example, the method 400 may further include one or more of:
[0130] in response to receiving the indication, transmitting an inventory request for the one or more terminal devices to the first communication device; or
[0131] receiving, from the first communication device, an inventory response transmitted by the one or more terminal devices.
[0132] In this example, the inventory request or the inventory response is not transparent to the first communication device in the A-IoT layer. That is, the first communication device can read / decode the inventory request and the inventory response. Thus, the first communication device may store and / or update context of the one or more terminal devices as it receives and decode the inventory response from the terminal devices, without need for receiving the decoded content from the second communication device.
[0133] In an example, the method 400 may further include sending, to the first communication device, ID (s) of the terminal devices to be inventoried together with the inventory request. The device ID (s) may be able to be read / decoded by the first communication device. For example, the device ID (s) may be transmitted in N1 NAS layer or a layer between N1 NAS layer and A-IoT layer as shown in Figure 5 or 6. The first communication device then knows which terminal devices to be inventoried by the second communication device.
[0134] In an example, the method 400 may further include receiving, from the first communication device, position information of the terminal devices that have been inventoried together with the inventory response. The position information may be provided by the terminal devices or the first communication device.
[0135] Example embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in detail below with reference to Figures 5 to 8. Figure 5 shows an example of protocol stack for Ambient IoT, where A-IoT layer is terminated at the A-IoT device and the CN, and Figure 6 illustrates an example of an inventory procedure 600 with the protocol stack of Figure 5 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0136] In the protocol stack of Figure 5, the A-IoT layer is terminated at the A-IoT device and CN. The A-IoT device is an example of the terminal device described above, the UE reader (i.e., intermediate UE / node) is an example of the first communication device described above, and the NG RAN and CN (including AMF / AIOTF) are examples of the second communication device described in the above. In such protocol stack, the intermediate node cannot read / decode the inventory request / response message (which are the A-IoT layer messages) . Instead, the intermediate node just forwards messages received from one entity (i.e., A-IoT device or CN / AF) to the other peer entity (i.e., CN / AF or A-IoT device) .
[0137] In an example, the intermediate node may allocate resources for communication to the A-IoT device when forwarding the inventory request message to A-IoT device. Alternatively, the intermediate UE may allocate resources to the A-IoT device via a separate message.
[0138] It should be noted that the protocol stack of Figure 5 is just an example, and any other structure of protocol stack may be defined and used as long as it supports Ambient IoT.
[0139] In the inventory procedure 600 of Figure 6, at S602, the intermediate node sends a signaling to the CN (e.g., AMF, SMF, UPF, a CN node (e.g., AIOTF or AIoT NF) which is responsible for A-IoT service handling) , AF (Application function) or OAM (including OSS / BSS) node, indicating that the intermediate node prefers to perform an inventory procedure for one or multiple intended A-IoT devices. The intermediate node may send the signaling based on the conditions described above. The signaling may carry at least one of the below information:
[0140] ·an indicator indicating that the intermediate node prefers to perform an inventory procedure for intended A-IoT devices;
[0141] ·Device ID (s) or device group ID (s) of the intended A-IoT devices;
[0142] ·Area ID associated with the intermediate node;
[0143] ·The intermediate node’s location;
[0144] ·Serving cell ID associated with the intermediate node;
[0145] ·reason why the intermediate node prefers to perform an inventory procedure for intended A-IoT devices;
[0146] ·capability information of the intermediate node; or
[0147] ·authorization information of the intermediate node.
[0148] After receiving the signaling, at S604 the CN / AF / OAM node may check the intermediate node’s capability information (e.g., whether it supports operating as an intermediate node) and authorization information (e.g., whether it is authorized to operate as an intermediate node for those intended A-IoT devices) . If the checking results are YES, the CN / AF / OAM node (together with RAN node) may send an inventory request message to the A-IoT devices via the intermediate node at S606. Here, the intermediate node cannot read / decode the inventory request message (which is the A-IoT layer message) , and it just forwards transparently the inventory request message to the A-IoT devices.
[0149] In an example, at S606 the CN / AF / OAM node may send device ID (s) or device group ID (s) of the intended A-IoT devices to be inventoried together with the inventory request message. Here, these IDs may be able to be read / decoded by the intermediate node, for example, these IDs may be transmitted in N1 NAS layer or a layer between N1 NAS layer and A-IoT layer as shown in Figure 5.
[0150] At S608 one or more of the A-IoT devices may transmit / backscatter an inventory response to the CN / AF / OAM node via the intermediate node, in response to receiving the inventory request message. Here, the intermediate node cannot read / decode the inventory response message (which is the A-IoT layer message) , and it may just forward transparently the inventory response message to the CN / AF / OAM node.
[0151] In an example, the inventory response may include position information of the A-IoT devices. In another example, the intermediate UE may provide the position information of the A-IoT devices by adding it when forwarding the inventory response to the CN / AF / OAM node. The intermediate node may determine for which A-IoT device (s) the position information shall be added based on from which A-IoT device (s) it has received the inventory response or the device ID (s) it received together with the inventory request.
[0152] After receiving the inventory response from one or multiple intended A-IoT devices via the intermediate node, the CN / AF / OAM node may decode the inventory response at S610, and may send the decoded message content to the intermediate node at S612, for example, via NAS signaling or application layer signaling. This is because that the intermediate node has initially indicated to the CN / AF / OAM node to trigger the inventory procedure, so the intermediate node can be deemed as the source for triggering the inventory procedure. Based on the received message content of the inventory response, the intermediate mode may store / adjust / update the A-IoT devices’ context at S614. For example, the intermediate mode may update one of the A-IoT devices status as ‘registered’ or ‘active’ , if the A-IoT device was registered but its status is ‘deregistered’ or ‘inactive’ . Alternatively, if the A-IoT device is not registered yet, the intermediate node may register this A-IoT device as ‘registered’ or ‘active’ .
[0153] It should be noted that the flowchart of Figure 6 is just an example, and some of the steps involved may be optional or come in different order.
[0154] Figure 7 shows another example of protocol stack for Ambient IoT, where A-IoT layer is terminated at the A-IoT device, the intermediate node and the CN, and Figure 8 illustrates an example of an inventory procedure 800 with the protocol stack of Figure 7 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0155] In the protocol stack of Figure 7, the A-IoT layer is terminated between the A-IoT device and the intermediate UE / node, and between the intermediate UE / node and the CN node. The A-IoT device is an example of the terminal device described above, the UE reader (i.e., intermediate UE / node) is an example of the first communication device described above, and the NG RAN and CN (including AMF / AIOTF) are examples of the second communication device described in the above. In such protocol stack, the intermediate mode can read / decode the inventory request / response message (which are the A-IoT layer messages) .
[0156] In an example, the intermediate node may allocate resources for communication to the A-IoT device when sending the inventory request message to A-IoT device. Alternatively, the intermediate node may allocate resources to the A-IoT device via a separate message.
[0157] It should be noted that the protocol stack of Figure 7 is just an example, and any other structure of protocol stack may be defined and used as long as it supports Ambient IoT.
[0158] In the inventory procedure of Figure 8, the steps S802, S804 and S806 are similar to the steps S602, S604 and S606 of Figure 6, except that the inventory request is not transparent to the intermediate node at the A-IoT layer. Repeated description will be omitted here for these steps.
[0159] At S808, one or more of the A-IoT devices may transmit / backscatter an inventory response to the intermediate node, in response to receiving the inventory reques. In an example, the A-IoT devices may provide their position information in the inventory response.
[0160] At S810, the intermediate node may read / decode the inventory response (which is the A-IoT layer message) and store / adjust / update the A-IoT devices’ context. For example, the intermediate mode may update one of the A-IoT devices status as ‘registered’ or ‘active’ , if the A-IoT device was registered but its status is ‘deregistered’ or ‘inactive’ . Alternatively, if the A-IoT device is not registered yet, the intermediate node may register this A-IoT device as ‘registered’ or ‘active’ .
[0161] Then, the intermediate node may transmit the inventory response to the CN / AF / OAM node at S812. In an example, the inventory response may include position information of the A-IoT devices that has been inventoried. The intermediate node may provide the position information of the A-IoT devices that has been inventoried by adding it to the inventory response to be transmitted to the CN / AF / OAM node. The position information may be provided by the A-IoT devices. Alternatively, the intermediate node may provide the position information by determining for which A-IoT device (s) the position information shall be added based on from which A-IoT device (s) it has received the inventory response or the device ID (s) it received together with the inventory request.
[0162] It should be noted that the flowchart of Figure 8 is just an example, and some of the steps involved may be optional or come in different order.
[0163] Figure 9 is a block diagram of a first communication device 1000 according to another embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0164] The first communication device 1000 includes a communication interface 1010, a processor 1020 and a memory 1030. The memory 1030 contains instructions executable by the processor 1020 whereby the first communication device 1000 is operative to perform the actions, e.g., of the procedure described earlier in conjunction with Figure 3. Particularly, the memory 1030 contains instructions executable by the processor 1020 whereby the first communication device 1000 is operative to transmit, to a second communication device, an indication that the first communication device prefers an inventory procedure to be performed for one or more terminal devices.
[0165] Figure 10 is a block diagram of a second communication device 1200 according to another embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0166] The second communication device 1200 includes a communication interface 1210, a processor 1220 and a memory 1230. The memory 1230 contains instructions executable by the processor 1220 whereby the second communication device 1200 is operative to perform the actions, e.g., of the procedure described earlier in conjunction with Figure 4. Particularly, the memory 1230 contains instructions executable by the processor 1220 whereby the second communication device 1200 is operative to receive, from a first communication device, an indication that the first communication device prefers an inventory procedure to be performed for one or more terminal devices.
[0167] The present disclosure also provides at least one computer program product in the form of a non-volatile or volatile memory, e.g., a non-transitory computer readable storage medium, an Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory (EEPROM) , a flash memory and a hard drive. The computer program product includes a computer program. The computer program includes: code / computer readable instructions, which when executed by the processor 1020 causes the first communication device 1000 to perform the actions, e.g., of the procedure described earlier in conjunction with Figure 3; or code / computer readable instructions, which when executed by the processor 1220 causes the second communication device 1200 to perform the actions, e.g., of the procedure described earlier in conjunction with Figure 4.
[0168] The computer program product may be configured as a computer program code structured in computer program modules. The computer program modules could essentially perform the actions of the flow illustrated in Figure 3 or 4.
[0169] The processor may be a single CPU (Central Processing Unit) , but could also comprise two or more processing units. For example, the processor may include general purpose microprocessors; instruction set processors and / or related chips sets and / or special purpose microprocessors such as Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs) . The processor may also comprise board memory for caching purposes. The computer program may be carried by a computer program product connected to the processor. The computer program product may comprise a non-transitory computer readable storage medium on which the computer program is stored. For example, the computer program product may be a flash memory, a Random Access Memory (RAM) , a Read-Only Memory (ROM) , or an EEPROM, and the computer program modules described above could in alternative embodiments be distributed on different computer program products in the form of memories.
[0170] Figure 11 shows an example of a communication system 1300 in accordance with some embodiments.
[0171] In the example, the communication system 1300 includes a telecommunication network 1302 that includes an access network 1304, such as a radio access network (RAN) , and a core network 1306, which includes one or more core network nodes 1308. The access network 1304 includes one or more access network nodes, such as network nodes 1310a and 1310b (one or more of which may be generally referred to as network nodes 1310) , or any other similar 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) access nodes or non-3GPP access points. Moreover, as will be appreciated by those of skill in the art, a network node is not necessarily limited to an implementation in which a radio portion and a baseband portion are supplied and integrated by a single vendor. Thus, it will be understood that network nodes include disaggregated implementations or portions thereof. For example, in some embodiments, the telecommunication network 1302 includes one or more Open-RAN (ORAN) network nodes. An ORAN network node is a node in the telecommunication network 1302 that supports an ORAN specification (e.g., a specification published by the O-RAN Alliance, or any similar organization) and may operate alone or together with other nodes to implement one or more functionalities of any node in the telecommunication network 1302, including one or more network nodes 1310 and / or core network nodes 1308.
[0172] Examples of an ORAN network node include an open radio unit (O-RU) , an open distributed unit (O-DU) , an open central unit (O-CU) , including an O-CU control plane (O-CU-CP) or an O-CU user plane (O-CU-UP) , a RAN intelligent controller (near-real time or non-real time) hosting software or software plug-ins, such as a near-real time control application (e.g., xApp) or a non-real time control application (e.g., rApp) , or any combination thereof (the adjective “open” designating support of an ORAN specification) . The network node may support a specification by, for example, supporting an interface defined by the ORAN specification, such as an A1, F1, W1, E1, E2, X2, Xn interface, an open fronthaul user plane interface, or an open fronthaul management plane interface. Moreover, an ORAN access node may be a logical node in a physical node. Furthermore, an ORAN network node may be implemented in a virtualization environment (described further below) in which one or more network functions are virtualized. For example, the virtualization environment may include an O-Cloud computing platform orchestrated by a Service Management and Orchestration Framework via an O-2 interface defined by the O-RAN Alliance or comparable technologies. The network nodes 1310 facilitate direct or indirect connection of user equipment (UE) , such as by connecting UEs 1312a, 1312b, 1312c, and 1312d (one or more of which may be generally referred to as UEs 1312) to the core network 1306 over one or more wireless connections.
[0173] Example wireless communications over a wireless connection include transmitting and / or receiving wireless signals using electromagnetic waves, radio waves, infrared waves, and / or other types of signals suitable for conveying information without the use of wires, cables, or other material conductors.
[0174] Moreover, in different embodiments, the communication system 1300 may include any number of wired or wireless networks, network nodes, UEs, and / or any other components or systems that may facilitate or participate in the communication of data and / or signals whether via wired or wireless connections. The communication system 1300 may include and / or interface with any type of communication, telecommunication, data, cellular, radio network, and / or other similar type of system.
[0175] The UEs 1312 may be any of a wide variety of communication devices, including wireless devices arranged, configured, and / or operable to communicate wirelessly with the network nodes 1310 and other communication devices. Similarly, the network nodes 1310 are arranged, capable, configured, and / or operable to communicate directly or indirectly with the UEs 1312 and / or with other network nodes or equipment in the telecommunication network 1302 to enable and / or provide network access, such as wireless network access, and / or to perform other functions, such as administration in the telecommunication network 1302.
[0176] In the depicted example, the core network 1306 connects the network nodes 1310 to one or more host computing systems, such as host 1316. These connections may be direct or indirect via one or more intermediary networks or devices. In other examples, network nodes may be directly coupled to hosts. The core network 1306 includes one more core network nodes (e.g., core network node 1308) that are structured with hardware and software components. Features of these components may be substantially similar to those described with respect to the UEs, network nodes, and / or hosts, such that the descriptions thereof are generally applicable to the corresponding components of the core network node 1308. Example core network nodes include functions of one or more of a Mobile Switching Center (MSC) , Mobility Management Entity (MME) , Home Subscriber Server (HSS) , Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) , Session Management Function (SMF) , Authentication Server Function (AUSF) , Subscription Identifier De-concealing function (SIDF) , Unified Data Management (UDM) , Security Edge Protection Proxy (SEPP) , Network Exposure Function (NEF) , and / or a User Plane Function (UPF) .
[0177] The host 1316 may be under the ownership or control of a service provider other than an operator or provider of the access network 1304 and / or the telecommunication network 1302. The host 1316 may host a variety of applications to provide one or more service. Examples of such applications include live and pre-recorded audio / video content, data collection services such as retrieving and compiling data on various ambient conditions detected by a plurality of UEs, analytics functionality, social media, functions for controlling or otherwise interacting with remote devices, functions for an alarm and surveillance center, or any other such function performed by a server.
[0178] As a whole, the communication system 1300 of Figure 11 enables connectivity between the UEs, network nodes, and hosts. In that sense, the communication system may be configured to operate according to predefined rules or procedures, such as specific standards that include, but are not limited to: Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) ; Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) ; Long Term Evolution (LTE) , and / or other suitable 2G, 3G, 4G, 5G standards, or any applicable future generation standard (e.g., 6G) ; wireless local area network (WLAN) standards, such as the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 standards (WiFi) ; and / or any other appropriate wireless communication standard, such as the Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMax) , Bluetooth, Z-Wave, Near Field Communication (NFC) ZigBee, LiFi, and / or any low-power wide-area network (LPWAN) standards such as LoRa and Sigfox.
[0179] In some examples, the telecommunication network 1302 is a cellular network that implements 3GPP standardized features. Accordingly, the telecommunications network 1302 may support network slicing to provide different logical networks to different devices that are connected to the telecommunication network 1302. For example, the telecommunications network 1302 may provide Ultra Reliable Low Latency Communication (URLLC) services to some UEs, while providing Enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB) services to other UEs, and / or Massive Machine Type Communication (mMTC) / Massive IoT services to yet further UEs.
[0180] In some examples, the UEs 1312 are configured to transmit and / or receive information without direct human interaction. For instance, a UE may be designed to transmit information to the access network 1304 on a predetermined schedule, when triggered by an internal or external event, or in response to requests from the access network 1304. Additionally, a UE may be configured for operating in single-or multi-RAT or multi-standard mode. For example, a UE may operate with any one or combination of Wi-Fi, NR (New Radio) and LTE, i.e. being configured for multi-radio dual connectivity (MR-DC) , such as E-UTRAN (Evolved-UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network) New Radio –Dual Connectivity (EN-DC) .
[0181] In the example, the hub 1314 communicates with the access network 1304 to facilitate indirect communication between one or more UEs (e.g., UE 1312c and / or 1312d) and network nodes (e.g., network node 1310b) . In some examples, the hub 1314 may be a controller, router, content source and analytics, or any of the other communication devices described herein regarding UEs. For example, the hub 1314 may be a broadband router enabling access to the core network 1306 for the UEs. As another example, the hub 1314 may be a controller that sends commands or instructions to one or more actuators in the UEs. Commands or instructions may be received from the UEs, network nodes 1310, or by executable code, script, process, or other instructions in the hub 1314. As another example, the hub 1314 may be a data collector that acts as temporary storage for UE data and, in some embodiments, may perform analysis or other processing of the data. As another example, the hub 1314 may be a content source. For example, for a UE that is a VR device, display, loudspeaker, or other media delivery device, the hub 1314 may retrieve VR assets, video, audio, or other media or data related to sensory information via a network node, which the hub 1314 then provides to the UE either directly, after performing local processing, and / or after adding additional local content. In still another example, the hub 1314 acts as a proxy server or orchestrator for the UEs, in particular if one or more of the UEs are low energy IoT devices.
[0182] The hub 1314 may have a constant / persistent or intermittent connection to the network node 1310b. The hub 1314 may also allow for a different communication scheme and / or schedule between the hub 1314 and UEs (e.g., UE 1312c and / or 1312d) , and between the hub 1314 and the core network 1306. In other examples, the hub 1314 is connected to the core network 1306 and / or one or more UEs via a wired connection. Moreover, the hub 1314 may be configured to connect to an M2M service provider over the access network 1304 and / or to another UE over a direct connection. In some scenarios, UEs may establish a wireless connection with the network nodes 1310 while still connected via the hub 1314 via a wired or wireless connection. In some embodiments, the hub 1314 may be a dedicated hub –that is, a hub whose primary function is to route communications to / from the UEs from / to the network node 1310b. In other embodiments, the hub 1314 may be a non-dedicated hub –that is, a device which is capable of operating to route communications between the UEs and network node 1310b, but which is additionally capable of operating as a communication start and / or end point for certain data channels.
[0183] Figure 12 shows a UE 1400 in accordance with some embodiments. The UE 1400 presents additional details of some embodiments of the UE 1312 of Figure 11. As used herein, a UE refers to a device capable, configured, arranged and / or operable to communicate wirelessly with network nodes and / or other UEs. Examples of a UE include, but are not limited to, a smart phone, mobile phone, cell phone, voice over IP (VoIP) phone, wireless local loop phone, desktop computer, personal digital assistant (PDA) , wireless cameras, gaming console or device, music storage / playback device, wearable terminal device, wireless endpoint, mobile station, tablet, laptop, laptop-embedded equipment (LEE) , laptop-mounted equipment (LME) , an Augmented Reality (AR) or Virtual Reality (VR) device, wireless customer-premise equipment (CPE) , vehicle, vehicle-mounted or vehicle embedded / integrated wireless device, etc. Other examples include any UE identified by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) , including a narrow band internet of things (NB-IoT) UE, a machine type communication (MTC) UE, and / or an enhanced MTC (eMTC) UE.
[0184] A UE may support device-to-device (D2D) communication, for example by implementing a 3GPP standard for sidelink communication, Dedicated Short-Range Communication (DSRC) , vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) , vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) , or vehicle-to-everything (V2X) . In other examples, a UE may not necessarily have a user in the sense of a human user who owns and / or operates the relevant device. Instead, a UE may represent a device that is intended for sale to, or operation by, a human user but which may not, or which may not initially, be associated with a specific human user (e.g., a smart sprinkler controller) . Alternatively, a UE may represent a device that is not intended for sale to, or operation by, an end user but which may be associated with or operated for the benefit of a user (e.g., a smart power meter) .
[0185] The UE 1400 includes processing circuitry 1402 that is operatively coupled via a bus 1404 to an input / output interface 1406, a power source 1408, a memory 1410, a communication interface 1412, and / or any other component, or any combination thereof. Certain UEs may utilize all or a subset of the components shown in Figure 12. The level of integration between the components may vary from one UE to another UE. Further, certain UEs may contain multiple instances of a component, such as multiple processors, memories, transceivers, transmitters, receivers, etc.
[0186] The processing circuitry 1402 is configured to process instructions and data and may be configured to implement any sequential state machine operative to execute instructions stored as machine-readable computer programs in the memory 1410. The processing circuitry 1402 may be implemented as one or more hardware-implemented state machines (e.g., in discrete logic, field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) , application specific integrated circuits (ASICs) , etc. ) ; programmable logic together with appropriate firmware; one or more stored computer programs, general-purpose processors, such as a microprocessor or digital signal processor (DSP) , together with appropriate software; or any combination of the above. For example, the processing circuitry 1402 may include multiple central processing units (CPUs) .
[0187] In the example, the input / output interface 1406 may be configured to provide an interface or interfaces to an input device, output device, or one or more input and / or output devices. Examples of an output device include a speaker, a sound card, a video card, a display, a monitor, a printer, an actuator, an emitter, a smartcard, another output device, or any combination thereof. An input device may allow a user to capture information into the UE 1400. Examples of an input device include a touch-sensitive or presence-sensitive display, a camera (e.g., a digital camera, a digital video camera, a web camera, etc. ) , a microphone, a sensor, a mouse, a trackball, a directional pad, a trackpad, a scroll wheel, a smartcard, and the like. The presence-sensitive display may include a capacitive or resistive touch sensor to sense input from a user. A sensor may be, for instance, an accelerometer, a gyroscope, a tilt sensor, a force sensor, a magnetometer, an optical sensor, a proximity sensor, a biometric sensor, etc., or any combination thereof. An output device may use the same type of interface port as an input device. For example, a Universal Serial Bus (USB) port may be used to provide an input device and an output device.
[0188] In some embodiments, the power source 1408 is structured as a battery or battery pack. Other types of power sources, such as an external power source (e.g., an electricity outlet) , photovoltaic device, or power cell, may be used. The power source 1408 may further include power circuitry for delivering power from the power source 1408 itself, and / or an external power source, to the various parts of the UE 1400 via input circuitry or an interface such as an electrical power cable. Delivering power may be, for example, for charging of the power source 1408. Power circuitry may perform any formatting, converting, or other modification to the power from the power source 1408 to make the power suitable for the respective components of the UE 1400 to which power is supplied.
[0189] The memory 1410 may be or be configured to include memory such as random access memory (RAM) , read-only memory (ROM) , programmable read-only memory (PROM) , erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM) , electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM) , magnetic disks, optical disks, hard disks, removable cartridges, flash drives, and so forth. In one example, the memory 1410 includes one or more application programs 1414, such as an operating system, web browser application, a widget, gadget engine, or other application, and corresponding data 1416. The memory 1410 may store, for use by the UE 1400, any of a variety of various operating systems or combinations of operating systems.
[0190] The memory 1410 may be configured to include a number of physical drive units, such as redundant array of independent disks (RAID) , flash memory, USB flash drive, external hard disk drive, thumb drive, pen drive, key drive, high-density digital versatile disc (HD-DVD) optical disc drive, internal hard disk drive, Blu-Ray optical disc drive, holographic digital data storage (HDDS) optical disc drive, external mini-dual in-line memory module (DIMM) , synchronous dynamic random access memory (SDRAM) , external micro-DIMM SDRAM, smartcard memory such as tamper resistant module in the form of a universal integrated circuit card (UICC) including one or more subscriber identity modules (SIMs) , such as a USIM and / or ISIM, other memory, or any combination thereof. The UICC may for example be an embedded UICC (eUICC) , integrated UICC (iUICC) or a removable UICC commonly known as ‘SIM card. ’ The memory 1410 may allow the UE 1400 to access instructions, application programs and the like, stored on transitory or non-transitory memory media, to off-load data, or to upload data. An article of manufacture, such as one utilizing a communication system may be tangibly embodied as or in the memory 1410, which may be or comprise a device-readable storage medium.
[0191] The processing circuitry 1402 may be configured to communicate with an access network or other network using the communication interface 1412. The communication interface 1412 may comprise one or more communication subsystems and may include or be communicatively coupled to an antenna 1422. The communication interface 1412 may include one or more transceivers used to communicate, such as by communicating with one or more remote transceivers of another device capable of wireless communication (e.g., another UE or a network node in an access network) . Each transceiver may include a transmitter 1418 and / or a receiver 1420 appropriate to provide network communications (e.g., optical, electrical, frequency allocations, and so forth) . Moreover, the transmitter 1418 and receiver 1420 may be coupled to one or more antennas (e.g., antenna 1422) and may share circuit components, software or firmware, or alternatively be implemented separately.
[0192] In the illustrated embodiment, communication functions of the communication interface 1412 may include cellular communication, Wi-Fi communication, LPWAN communication, data communication, voice communication, multimedia communication, short-range communications such as Bluetooth, near-field communication, location-based communication such as the use of the global positioning system (GPS) to determine a location, another like communication function, or any combination thereof. Communications may be implemented in according to one or more communication protocols and / or standards, such as IEEE 802.11, Code Division Multiplexing Access (CDMA) , Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA) , GSM, LTE, New Radio (NR) , UMTS, WiMax, Ethernet, transmission control protocol / internet protocol (TCP / IP) , synchronous optical networking (SONET) , Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) , QUIC, Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) , and so forth.
[0193] Regardless of the type of sensor, a UE may provide an output of data captured by its sensors, through its communication interface 1412, via a wireless connection to a network node. Data captured by sensors of a UE can be communicated through a wireless connection to a network node via another UE. The output may be periodic (e.g., once every 15 minutes if it reports the sensed temperature) , random (e.g., to even out the load from reporting from several sensors) , in response to a triggering event (e.g., when moisture is detected an alert is sent) , in response to a request (e.g., a user initiated request) , or a continuous stream (e.g., a live video feed of a patient) .
[0194] As another example, a UE comprises an actuator, a motor, or a switch, related to a communication interface configured to receive wireless input from a network node via a wireless connection. In response to the received wireless input the states of the actuator, the motor, or the switch may change. For example, the UE may comprise a motor that adjusts the control surfaces or rotors of a drone in flight according to the received input or to a robotic arm performing a medical procedure according to the received input.
[0195] A UE, when in the form of an Internet of Things (IoT) device, may be a device for use in one or more application domains, these domains comprising, but not limited to, city wearable technology, extended industrial application and healthcare. Non-limiting examples of such an IoT device are a device which is or which is embedded in: a connected refrigerator or freezer, a TV, a connected lighting device, an electricity meter, a robot vacuum cleaner, a voice controlled smart speaker, a home security camera, a motion detector, a thermostat, a smoke detector, a door / window sensor, a flood / moisture sensor, an electrical door lock, a connected doorbell, an air conditioning system like a heat pump, an autonomous vehicle, a surveillance system, a weather monitoring device, a vehicle parking monitoring device, an electric vehicle charging station, a smart watch, a fitness tracker, a wearable for tactile augmentation or sensory enhancement, a water sprinkler, an animal-or item-tracking device, a sensor for monitoring a plant or animal, an industrial robot, an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) , and any kind of medical device, like a heart rate monitor or a remote controlled surgical robot. A UE in the form of an IoT device comprises circuitry and / or software in dependence of the intended application of the IoT device in addition to other components as described in relation to the UE 1400 shown in Figure 14.
[0196] As yet another specific example, in an IoT scenario, a UE may represent a machine or other device that performs monitoring and / or measurements, and transmits the results of such monitoring and / or measurements to another UE and / or a network node. The UE may in this case be an M2M device, which may in a 3GPP context be referred to as an MTC device. As one particular example, the UE may implement the 3GPP NB-IoT standard. In other scenarios, a UE may represent a vehicle, such as a car, a bus, a truck, a ship and an airplane, or other equipment that is capable of monitoring and / or reporting on its operational status or other functions associated with its operation.
[0197] In practice, any number of UEs may be used together with respect to a single use case. For example, a first UE might be or be integrated in a drone and provide the drone’s speed information (obtained through a speed sensor) to a second UE that is a remote controller operating the drone. When the user makes changes from the remote controller, the first UE may adjust the throttle on the drone (e.g. by controlling an actuator) to increase or decrease the drone’s speed. The first and / or the second UE can also include more than one of the functionalities described above. For example, a UE might comprise the sensor and the actuator, and handle communication of data for both the speed sensor and the actuators.
[0198] Figure 13 shows a network node 1500 in accordance with some embodiments. As used herein, network node refers to equipment capable, configured, arranged and / or operable to communicate directly or indirectly with a UE and / or with other network nodes or equipment, in a telecommunication network. Examples of network nodes include, but are not limited to, access points (APs) (e.g., radio access points) , base stations (BSs) (e.g., radio base stations, Node Bs, evolved Node Bs (eNBs) and NR NodeBs (gNBs) ) , O-RAN nodes or components of an O-RAN node (e.g., O-RU, O-DU, O-CU) .
[0199] Base stations may be categorized based on the amount of coverage they provide (or, stated differently, their transmit power level) and so, depending on the provided amount of coverage, may be referred to as femto base stations, pico base stations, micro base stations, or macro base stations. A base station may be a relay node or a relay donor node controlling a relay. A network node may also include one or more (or all) parts of a distributed radio base station such as centralized digital units, distributed units (e.g., in an O-RAN access node) and / or remote radio units (RRUs) , sometimes referred to as Remote Radio Heads (RRHs) . Such remote radio units may or may not be integrated with an antenna as an antenna integrated radio. Parts of a distributed radio base station may also be referred to as nodes in a distributed antenna system (DAS) .
[0200] Other examples of network nodes include multiple transmission point (multi-TRP) 5G access nodes, multi-standard radio (MSR) equipment such as MSR BSs, network controllers such as radio network controllers (RNCs) or base station controllers (BSCs) , base transceiver stations (BTSs) , transmission points, transmission nodes, multi-cell / multicast coordination entities (MCEs) , Operation and Maintenance (O&M) nodes, Operations Support System (OSS) nodes, Self-Organizing Network (SON) nodes, positioning nodes (e.g., Evolved Serving Mobile Location Centers (E-SMLCs) ) , and / or Minimization of Drive Tests (MDTs) .
[0201] The network node 1500 includes a processing circuitry 1502, a memory 1504, a communication interface 1506, and a power source 1508. The network node 1500 may be composed of multiple physically separate components (e.g., a NodeB component and a RNC component, or a BTS component and a BSC component, etc. ) , which may each have their own respective components. In certain scenarios in which the network node 1500 comprises multiple separate components (e.g., BTS and BSC components) , one or more of the separate components may be shared among several network nodes. For example, a single RNC may control multiple NodeBs. In such a scenario, each unique NodeB and RNC pair, may in some instances be considered a single separate network node. In some embodiments, the network node 1500 may be configured to support multiple radio access technologies (RATs) . In such embodiments, some components may be duplicated (e.g., separate memory 1504 for different RATs) and some components may be reused (e.g., a same antenna 1510 may be shared by different RATs) . The network node 1500 may also include multiple sets of the various illustrated components for different wireless technologies integrated into network node 1500, for example GSM, WCDMA, LTE, NR, WiFi, Zigbee, Z-wave, LoRaWAN, Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) or Bluetooth wireless technologies. These wireless technologies may be integrated into the same or different chip or set of chips and other components within network node 1500.
[0202] The processing circuitry 1502 may comprise a combination of one or more of a microprocessor, controller, microcontroller, central processing unit, digital signal processor, application-specific integrated circuit, field programmable gate array, or any other suitable computing device, resource, or combination of hardware, software and / or encoded logic operable to provide, either alone or in conjunction with other network node 1500 components, such as the memory 1504, to provide network node 1500 functionality.
[0203] In some embodiments, the processing circuitry 1502 includes a system on a chip (SOC) . In some embodiments, the processing circuitry 1502 includes one or more of radio frequency (RF) transceiver circuitry 1512 and baseband processing circuitry 1514. In some embodiments, the radio frequency (RF) transceiver circuitry 1512 and the baseband processing circuitry 1514 may be on separate chips (or sets of chips) , boards, or units, such as radio units and digital units. In alternative embodiments, part or all of RF transceiver circuitry 1512 and baseband processing circuitry 1514 may be on the same chip or set of chips, boards, or units.
[0204] The memory 1504 may comprise any form of volatile or non-volatile computer-readable memory including, without limitation, persistent storage, solid-state memory, remotely mounted memory, magnetic media, optical media, random access memory (RAM) , read-only memory (ROM) , mass storage media (for example, a hard disk) , removable storage media (for example, a flash drive, a Compact Disk (CD) or a Digital Video Disk (DVD) ) , and / or any other volatile or non-volatile, non-transitory device-readable and / or computer-executable memory devices that store information, data, and / or instructions that may be used by the processing circuitry 1502. The memory 1504 may store any suitable instructions, data, or information, including a computer program, software, an application including one or more of logic, rules, code, tables, and / or other instructions capable of being executed by the processing circuitry 1502 and utilized by the network node 1500. The memory 1504 may be used to store any calculations made by the processing circuitry 1502 and / or any data received via the communication interface 1506. In some embodiments, the processing circuitry 1502 and memory 1504 is integrated.
[0205] The communication interface 1506 is used in wired or wireless communication of signaling and / or data between a network node, access network, and / or UE. As illustrated, the communication interface 1506 comprises port (s) / terminal (s) 1516 to send and receive data, for example to and from a network over a wired connection. The communication interface 1506 also includes radio front-end circuitry 1518 that may be coupled to, or in certain embodiments a part of, the antenna 1510. Radio front-end circuitry 1518 comprises filters 1520 and amplifiers 1522. The radio front-end circuitry 1518 may be connected to an antenna 1510 and processing circuitry 1502. The radio front-end circuitry may be configured to condition signals communicated between antenna 1510 and processing circuitry 1502. The radio front-end circuitry 1518 may receive digital data that is to be sent out to other network nodes or UEs via a wireless connection. The radio front-end circuitry 1518 may convert the digital data into a radio signal having the appropriate channel and bandwidth parameters using a combination of filters 1520 and / or amplifiers 1522. The radio signal may then be transmitted via the antenna 1510. Similarly, when receiving data, the antenna 1510 may collect radio signals which are then converted into digital data by the radio front-end circuitry 1518. The digital data may be passed to the processing circuitry 1502. In other embodiments, the communication interface may comprise different components and / or different combinations of components.
[0206] In certain alternative embodiments, the network node 1500 does not include separate radio front-end circuitry 1518, instead, the processing circuitry 1502 includes radio front-end circuitry and is connected to the antenna 1510. Similarly, in some embodiments, all or some of the RF transceiver circuitry 1512 is part of the communication interface 1506. In still other embodiments, the communication interface 1506 includes one or more ports or terminals 1516, the radio front-end circuitry 1518, and the RF transceiver circuitry 1512, as part of a radio unit (not shown) , and the communication interface 1506 communicates with the baseband processing circuitry 1514, which is part of a digital unit (not shown) .
[0207] The antenna 1510 may include one or more antennas, or antenna arrays, configured to send and / or receive wireless signals. The antenna 1510 may be coupled to the radio front-end circuitry 1518 and may be any type of antenna capable of transmitting and receiving data and / or signals wirelessly. In certain embodiments, the antenna 1510 is separate from the network node 1500 and connectable to the network node 1500 through an interface or port.
[0208] The antenna 1510, communication interface 1506, and / or the processing circuitry 1502 may be configured to perform any receiving operations and / or certain obtaining operations described herein as being performed by the network node. Any information, data and / or signals may be received from a UE, another network node and / or any other network equipment. Similarly, the antenna 1510, the communication interface 1506, and / or the processing circuitry 1502 may be configured to perform any transmitting operations described herein as being performed by the network node. Any information, data and / or signals may be transmitted to a UE, another network node and / or any other network equipment.
[0209] The power source 1508 provides power to the various components of network node 1500 in a form suitable for the respective components (e.g., at a voltage and current level needed for each respective component) . The power source 1508 may further comprise, or be coupled to, power management circuitry to supply the components of the network node 1500 with power for performing the functionality described herein. For example, the network node 1500 may be connectable to an external power source (e.g., the power grid, an electricity outlet) via an input circuitry or interface such as an electrical cable, whereby the external power source supplies power to power circuitry of the power source 1508. As a further example, the power source 1508 may comprise a source of power in the form of a battery or battery pack which is connected to, or integrated in, power circuitry. The battery may provide backup power should the external power source fail.
[0210] Embodiments of the network node 1500 may include additional components beyond those shown in Figure 13 for providing certain aspects of the network node’s functionality, including any of the functionality described herein and / or any functionality necessary to support the subject matter described herein. For example, the network node 1500 may include user interface equipment to allow input of information into the network node 1500 and to allow output of information from the network node 1500. This may allow a user to perform diagnostic, maintenance, repair, and other administrative functions for the network node 1500. In some embodiments providing a core network node, such as core network node 1308 of Figure 11, some components, such as the radio front-end circuitry 1518 and the RF transceiver circuitry 1512 may be omitted.
[0211] Figure 14 is a block diagram illustrating a virtualization environment 1600 in which functions implemented by some embodiments may be virtualized. In the present context, virtualizing means creating virtual versions of apparatuses or devices which may include virtualizing hardware platforms, storage devices and networking resources. As used herein, virtualization can be applied to any device described herein, or components thereof, and relates to an implementation in which at least a portion of the functionality is implemented as one or more virtual components. Some or all of the functions described herein may be implemented as virtual components executed by one or more virtual machines (VMs) implemented in one or more virtual environments 1600 hosted by one or more of hardware nodes, such as a hardware computing device that operates as a network node, UE, core network node, or host. Further, in embodiments in which the virtual node does not require radio connectivity (e.g., a core network node or host) , then the node may be entirely virtualized. In some embodiments, the virtualization environment 1600 includes components defined by the O-RAN Alliance, such as an O-Cloud environment orchestrated by a Service Management and Orchestration Framework via an O-2 interface. Virtualization may facilitate distributed implementations of a network node, UE, core network node, or host.
[0212] Applications 1602 (which may alternatively be called software instances, virtual appliances, network functions, virtual nodes, virtual network functions, etc. ) are run in the virtualization environment Q400 to implement some of the features, functions, and / or benefits of some of the embodiments disclosed herein.
[0213] Hardware 1604 includes processing circuitry, memory that stores software and / or instructions executable by hardware processing circuitry, and / or other hardware devices as described herein, such as a network interface, input / output interface, and so forth. Software may be executed by the processing circuitry to instantiate one or more virtualization layers 1606 (also referred to as hypervisors or virtual machine monitors (VMMs) ) , provide VMs 1608a and 1608b (one or more of which may be generally referred to as VMs 1608) , and / or perform any of the functions, features and / or benefits described in relation with some embodiments described herein. The virtualization layer 1606 may present a virtual operating platform that appears like networking hardware to the VMs 1608.
[0214] The VMs 1608 comprise virtual processing, virtual memory, virtual networking or interface and virtual storage, and may be run by a corresponding virtualization layer 1606. Different embodiments of the instance of a virtual appliance 1602 may be implemented on one or more of VMs 1608, and the implementations may be made in different ways. Virtualization of the hardware is in some contexts referred to as network function virtualization (NFV) . NFV may be used to consolidate many network equipment types onto industry standard high volume server hardware, physical switches, and physical storage, which can be located in data centers, and customer premise equipment.
[0215] In the context of NFV, a VM 1608 may be a software implementation of a physical machine that runs programs as if they were executing on a physical, non-virtualized machine. Each of the VMs 1608, and that part of hardware 1604 that executes that VM, be it hardware dedicated to that VM and / or hardware shared by that VM with others of the VMs, forms separate virtual network elements. Still in the context of NFV, a virtual network function is responsible for handling specific network functions that run in one or more VMs 1608 on top of the hardware 1604 and corresponds to the application 1602.
[0216] Hardware 1604 may be implemented in a standalone network node with generic or specific components. Hardware 1604 may implement some functions via virtualization. Alternatively, hardware 1604 may be part of a larger cluster of hardware (e.g. such as in a data center or CPE) where many hardware nodes work together and are managed via management and orchestration 1610, which, among others, oversees lifecycle management of applications 1602. In some embodiments, hardware 1604 is coupled to one or more radio units that each include one or more transmitters and one or more receivers that may be coupled to one or more antennas. Radio units may communicate directly with other hardware nodes via one or more appropriate network interfaces and may be used in combination with the virtual components to provide a virtual node with radio capabilities, such as a radio access node or a base station. In some embodiments, some signaling can be provided with the use of a control system 1612 which may alternatively be used for communication between hardware nodes and radio units.
[0217] Although the computing devices described herein (e.g., UEs, network nodes) may include the illustrated combination of hardware components, other embodiments may comprise computing devices with different combinations of components. It is to be understood that these computing devices may comprise any suitable combination of hardware and / or software needed to perform the tasks, features, functions and methods disclosed herein. Determining, calculating, obtaining or similar operations described herein may be performed by processing circuitry, which may process information by, for example, converting the obtained information into other information, comparing the obtained information or converted information to information stored in the network node, and / or performing one or more operations based on the obtained information or converted information, and as a result of said processing making a determination. Moreover, while components are depicted as single boxes located within a larger box, or nested within multiple boxes, in practice, computing devices may comprise multiple different physical components that make up a single illustrated component, and functionality may be partitioned between separate components. For example, a communication interface may be configured to include any of the components described herein, and / or the functionality of the components may be partitioned between the processing circuitry and the communication interface. In another example, non-computationally intensive functions of any of such components may be implemented in software or firmware and computationally intensive functions may be implemented in hardware.
[0218] In certain embodiments, some or all of the functionality described herein may be provided by processing circuitry executing instructions stored on in memory, which in certain embodiments may be a computer program product in the form of a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium. In alternative embodiments, some or all of the functionality may be provided by the processing circuitry without executing instructions stored on a separate or discrete device-readable storage medium, such as in a hard-wired manner. In any of those particular embodiments, whether executing instructions stored on a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium or not, the processing circuitry can be configured to perform the described functionality. The benefits provided by such functionality are not limited to the processing circuitry alone or to other components of the computing device, but are enjoyed by the computing device as a whole, and / or by end users and a wireless network generally.
[0219] The disclosure has been described above with reference to embodiments thereof. It should be understood that various modifications, alternations and additions can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirits and scope of the disclosure. Therefore, the scope of the disclosure is not limited to the above particular embodiments but only defined by the claims as attached.
Claims
1.A method (300) performed by a first communication device (900, 1000) , the method (300) comprising:transmitting (310) , to a second communication device (1100, 1200) , an indication that the first communication device (900, 1000) prefers an inventory procedure to be performed for one or more terminal devices.2.The method of claim 1, wherein transmitting the indication comprises transmitting the indication based on one or more of:an upper layer in the first communication device has determined to perform the inventory procedure for the one or more terminal devices;information of one or more of the terminal devices which has been registered in the first communication device needs to be updated;the first communication device detects that one or more of the terminal devices which has been registered in the first communication device becomes out of coverage of the first communication device;the inventory procedure for the one or more terminal devices needs to be performed according to a preset configuration;the first communication device moves into / out of / stays in an area where the inventory procedure for the one or more terminal devices needs to be performed;one or more conditions external to the first communication device fulfill or cease to fulfill one or more criteria;a presence or absence of another communication device in an area associated with the first communication device;a changed / renewed connection of the first communication device to another communication device;a presence or transmission activity of another communication device providing a Carrier Wave (CW) transmission; ora presence or transmission activity of another communication device providing energy.3.The method of claim 1 or 2, wherein transmitting the indication comprises transmitting the indication together with one or more of:capability information about whether the first communication device is able to ask for performance of the inventory procedure for the one or more terminal devices;Device ID or Device Group ID of the one or more terminal devices;Area ID of an area associated with the first communication device;a location of the first communication device;Serving Cell ID associated with the first communication device;a reason why the first communication device prefers the inventory procedure to be performed for the one or more terminal devices;capability information about whether the first communication device is able to operate as an intermediate node between the second communication device and the terminal device; orauthorization information about whether the first communication device is authorized to operate as an intermediate node between the second communication device and the terminal device.4.The method of any of claims 1 to 3, further comprising one or more of:forwarding, to the one or more terminal devices, an inventory request from the second communication device; orforwarding, to the second communication device, an inventory response from the one or more terminal devices,wherein the inventory request and the inventory response are transparent to the first communication device in a protocol layer defined to carry control signaling and / or data for the one or more terminal devices.5.The method of claim 4, further comprising:receiving content of the inventory response from the second communication device; andstoring and / or updating context of the one or more terminal devices based on the received content.6.The method of any of claims 1 to 3, further comprising one or more of:forwarding, to the one or more terminal devices, an inventory request from the second communication device;forwarding, to the second communication device, an inventory response from the one or more terminal devices; orstoring and / or updating context of the one or more terminal devices based on content of an inventory response from the one or more terminal devices,wherein the inventory request or the inventory response is not transparent to the first communication device in a protocol layer defined to carry control signaling and / or data for the one or more terminal devices.7.The method of any of claims 4 to 6, further comprising one or more of:when forwarding the inventory request, allocating, to the one or more terminal devices, resources for communication; orreceiving ID of one or more of the terminal devices to be inventoried by the second communication device together with the inventory request.8.The method of any of claims 4 to 7, wherein the inventory response comprises position information of the one or more terminal devices,wherein the position information is provided by the one or more terminal devices and / or the first communication device.9.The method of claim 8, further comprising one or more of:determining for which of the terminal devices the position information shall be added, based on from which of the terminal devices the first communication device has received the inventory response or ID of the terminal devices the first communication device has received together with the inventory request from the second communication device; oradding the position information to the inventory response when forwarding the inventory response to the second communication device.10.The method of any of claims 1 to 9, wherein the second communication device comprises one or more of network nodes including a base station and / or a core network node, which is responsible for Ambient IoT service handling,wherein the one or more terminal devices comprises one or more Ambient IoT devices, andwherein the first communication device comprises an intermediate node capable of Ambient IoT, including one or more of a relay, IAB node, UE, and repeater.11.A method (400) performed by a second communication device (1100, 1200) , the method (400) comprising:receiving (410) , from a first communication device (900, 1000) , an indication that the first communication device (900, 1000) prefers an inventory procedure to be performed for one or more terminal devices.12.The method of claim 11, wherein receiving the indication comprises receiving the indication together with one or more of:capability information about whether the first communication device is able to ask for performance of the inventory procedure for the one or more terminal devices;Device ID or Device Group ID of the one or more terminal devices;Area ID of an area associated with the first communication device;a location of the first communication device;Serving Cell ID associated with the first communication device;a reason why the first communication device prefers the inventory procedure to be performed for the one or more terminal devices;capability information about whether the first communication device is able to operate as an intermediate node between the second communication device and the terminal devices; orauthorization information about whether the first communication device is authorized to operate as an intermediate node between the second communication device and the terminal devices.13.The method of claim 11 or 12, further comprising one or more of:checking whether the first communication device is able to operate as an intermediate node between the second communication device and the terminal devices; orchecking whether the first communication device is authorized to operate as an intermediate node between the second communication device and the terminal devices.14.The method of any of claims 11 to 13, further comprising one or more of:in response to receiving the indication, transmitting an inventory request to the one or more terminal devices via the first communication device; orreceiving an inventory response from the one or more terminal devices via the first communication device,wherein the inventory request and the inventory response are transparent to the first communication device in a protocol layer defined to carry control signaling and / or data for the one or more terminal devices.15.The method of claim 14, further comprising:transmitting content of the inventory response to the first communication device.16.The method of any of claims 11 to 13, further comprising one or more of:in response to receiving the indication, transmitting an inventory request for the one or more terminal devices to the first communication device; orreceiving, from the first communication device, an inventory response transmitted by the one or more terminal devices,wherein the inventory request or the inventory response is not transparent to the first communication device in a protocol layer defined to carry control signaling and / or data for the one or more terminal devices.17.The method of any of claims 14 to 16, further comprising one or more of:sending, to the first communication device, ID of the terminal devices to be inventoried together with the inventory request; orreceiving, from the first communication device, position information of the terminal devices that have been inventoried together with the inventory response.18.A first communication device (1000) , comprising a communication interface (1010) , a processor (1020) and a memory (1030) , the memory (1030) comprising instructions executable by the processor (1020) whereby the first communication device (1000) is operative to:transmit, to a second communication device (1200) , an indication that the first communication device (1000) prefers an inventory procedure to be performed for one or more terminal devices.19.The first communication device of claim 18, wherein the memory further comprises instructions executable by the processor whereby the first communication device is operative to perform the method of any of claims 2 to 10.20.A second communication device (1200) , comprising a communication interface (1210) , a processor (1220) and a memory (1230) , the memory (1230) comprising instructions executable by the processor (1220) whereby the second communication device (1200) is operative to:receive, from a first communication device (1000) , an indication that the first communication device (1000) prefers an inventory procedure to be performed for one or more terminal devices.21.The second communication device of claim 20, wherein the memory further comprises instructions executable by the processor whereby the second communication device is operative to perform the method of any of claims 12 to 17.22.A computer program product having one or more instructions stored thereon, the instructions, when executed by a processor in a communication device, causing the communication device to perform the method of any of claims 1 to 10 or the method of any of claims 11 to 17.23.The computer program product of claim 22, comprising one or more of computer readable storage medium and computer program.
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