Method and device for transmitting and receiving signals in wireless communication system

Abstract

A method performed by a user equipment (UE) according to at least one of embodiments disclosed in the present disclosure comprises the steps of: transmitting, to a base station, capability information related to communication of an ambient Internet of Things (IoT) device; receiving, from the base station, scheduling information related to first reception from the base station; and performing at least one of the first reception from the base station, second reception from the ambient IoT device, or transmission to the ambient IoT device on the basis that the first reception from the base station collides in time with the second reception from the ambient IoT device or the transmission to the ambient IoT device.

Description

Method and device for transmitting and receiving signals in a wireless communication system

[0001] The present disclosure relates to a wireless communication system, and more particularly, to a method and device for transmitting or receiving an uplink / downlink wireless signal in a wireless communication system.

[0002] The 5G mobile communications system, the successor to LTE (long-term evolution), is a new, clean-slate mobile communications system characterized by high performance, low latency, and high availability. 5G NR can utilize all available spectrum resources, from low-frequency bands below 1 GHz, to intermediate-frequency bands between 1 GHz and 10 GHz, and high-frequency (millimeter wave) bands above 24 GHz. 6G mobile communications systems are being developed based on the underlying technologies of 5G mobile communications.

[0003] The 6G (wireless) system aims to provide (i) very high data rates per device, (ii) a very large number of connected devices, (iii) global connectivity, (iv) very low latency, (v) low energy consumption for battery-free Internet of Things (IoT) devices, (vi) ultra-reliable connectivity, and (vii) connected intelligence with machine learning capabilities. The vision of the 6G system can be divided into four aspects: intelligent connectivity, deep connectivity, holographic connectivity, and ubiquitous connectivity.

[0004] The technical task to be achieved in the present disclosure is to provide a method for efficiently performing a wireless signal transmission and reception process and a device therefor. As an example, a method for more efficiently performing collision avoidance within a UE (User Equipment), which is an intermediate node in Ambient Internet of Things (A-IoT) communications, and a device therefor can be provided.

[0005] The technical tasks to be achieved are not limited to the technical tasks mentioned above, and other technical tasks not mentioned can be inferred from the description below.

[0006] According to one aspect of the present disclosure, a method performed by a UE (User Equipment) comprises the steps of: transmitting capability information related to communication of an ambient Internet of Things (IoT) device to a base station; and receiving scheduling information related to a first reception from the base station from the base station; and performing at least one of the first reception from the base station, the second reception from the ambient IoT device, or the transmission to the ambient IoT device based on a temporal collision between the first reception from the base station and the second reception from the ambient IoT device or the transmission to the ambient IoT device.

[0007] According to one aspect of the present disclosure, a UE (User Equipment) comprises: at least one processor; and at least one computer memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the reader to perform operations, the operations comprising: transmitting capability information related to communication of an ambient IoT (Internet of Things) device to a base station; and receiving scheduling information related to a first reception from the base station from the base station; and performing at least one of the first reception from the base station, the second reception from the ambient IoT device, or the transmission to the ambient IoT device based on a temporal collision between the first reception from the base station and the second reception from the ambient IoT device or the transmission to the ambient IoT device.

[0008] Preferably, the first reception from the base station includes reception of a physical downlink channel from the base station.

[0009] Do it.

[0010] Preferably, the second reception from the ambient IoT device comprises receiving a Physical Device to Reader Channel (PDRCH) from the ambient IoT device, and the transmission to the ambient IoT device comprises transmitting a Physical Reader to Device Channel (PRDCH) to the ambient IoT device.

[0011] Preferably, based on the performance information and the priority of the first reception from the base station, the priority of the second reception from the ambient IoT device, and the priority of the transmission to the ambient IoT device, one of the first reception from the base station, the second reception from the ambient IoT device, and the transmission to the ambient IoT device is performed.

[0012] Preferably, the UE can receive priority information related to a first reception from the base station, a second reception from the ambient IoT device, and a transmission to the ambient IoT device.

[0013] Preferably, if a gap between a first time point of a first reception from the base station and a second time point of a second reception from the ambient IoT device or a transmission to the ambient IoT device is less than or equal to a threshold, the first reception from the base station and the second reception from the ambient IoT device or the transmission to the ambient IoT device are considered to be in temporal conflict.

[0014] Preferably, based on a temporal collision between a first reception from the base station and a second reception from the ambient IoT device or a transmission to the ambient IoT device, the reception or transmission in progress at the time of collision among the first reception from the base station, the second reception from the ambient IoT device or the transmission to the ambient IoT device has the highest priority.

[0015] The above problem solving methods are only some of the examples of this specification, and various examples reflecting the technical features of this specification can be derived and understood by a person having ordinary knowledge in the relevant technical field based on the detailed description below.

[0016] According to one embodiment, wireless signal transmission and reception processes can be performed efficiently. For example, collision avoidance within a UE can be performed more efficiently in Ambient Internet of Things (A-IoT) communications.

[0017] Other effects not mentioned can be inferred from the description below.

[0018] The accompanying drawings, which are included as part of the detailed description to aid in understanding implementations of this specification, provide examples of implementations of this specification and, together with the detailed description, illustrate implementations of this specification.

[0019] Figure 1 illustrates a flexible network topology to which some examples of this specification may be applied.

[0020] FIG. 2 illustrates an example of a communication system applicable to the present disclosure.

[0021] FIG. 3 illustrates an example of a wireless device applicable to the present disclosure.

[0022] FIG. 4 illustrates a communication procedure between a first node (e.g., a terminal) and a second node (e.g., a base station) applicable to the present disclosure.

[0023] Figure 5 illustrates a general functional architecture for an AI / ML model.

[0024] Figure 6 illustrates a communication procedure between a first node (e.g., terminal) and a second node (e.g., base station) to which an AI / ML model is applied.

[0025] FIG. 7 illustrates an electromagnetic spectrum according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0026] FIG. 8 illustrates an example of a procedure for transmitting system information for THz communication to which the present disclosure applies.

[0027] Figure 9 illustrates a beam management procedure applicable to the present disclosure.

[0028] FIG. 10 illustrates an example of a sensing operation according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0029] FIG. 11 illustrates time / frequency resources for sensing operations according to one embodiment of the present specification.

[0030] FIG. 12 illustrates a procedure related to a sensing operation according to one embodiment of the present specification.

[0031] FIG. 13 illustrates a topology (e.g., topology 1) in which a base station and an A-IoT device are directly connected according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0032] FIG. 14 illustrates a topology (e.g., topology 2) in which a base station and an A-IoT device are connected via an intermediate node according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0033] FIG. 15 illustrates a topology (e.g., topology 3) supported by an auxiliary node according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0034] FIG. 16 illustrates a topology (e.g., topology 4) in which a terminal and an A-IoT device are directly connected according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0035] Figure 17 is a diagram explaining the energy harvesting operation of an A-IoT device.

[0036] Figure 18 illustrates a situation where SIC operation is required in A-IoT topology #1.

[0037] Figure 19 illustrates a situation where SIC operation is required in A-IoT topology #2.

[0038] FIG. 20 illustrates an example of a reader transmitting and receiving signals according to the present disclosure.

[0039] FIG. 21 is a flowchart illustrating operations performed by a reader according to the present disclosure.

[0040] As used herein, "A or B" can mean "only A," "only B," or "both A and B." In other words, as used herein, "A or B" can be interpreted as "A and / or B." For example, as used herein, "A, B or C" can mean "only A," "only B," "only C," or "any combination of A, B and C."

[0041] As used herein, a slash ( / ) or a comma can mean "and / or." For example, "A / B" can mean "A and / or B." Accordingly, "A / B" can mean "only A," "only B," or "both A and B." For example, "A, B, C" can mean "A, B, or C."

[0042] In this specification, "at least one of A and B" may mean "only A", "only B" or "both A and B". Additionally, in this specification, the expressions "at least one of A or B" or "at least one of A and / or B" may be interpreted identically to "at least one of A and B".

[0043] Additionally, in this specification, “at least one of A, B and C” can mean “only A,” “only B,” “only C,” or “any combination of A, B and C.” Additionally, “at least one of A, B or C” or “at least one of A, B and / or C” can mean “at least one of A, B and C.”

[0044] Additionally, parentheses used herein may mean "for example." Specifically, when "control information (ABC)" is indicated, "ABC" may be described as an example of "control information." For example, "control information" may include DEF as another example. In other words, "control information" in this specification is not limited to "ABC," and "ABC" may be described as an example of "control information." Furthermore, even when indicated as "control information (i.e., ABC)," "ABC" may be described as an example of "control information."

[0045] Additionally, in this specification, terms such as “first,” “second,” etc. are used only for the purpose of distinguishing one component from another component and are not used to limit the components, and do not limit the order or importance between the components unless specifically limited. Accordingly, a first component in one embodiment of this specification may be referred to as a second component in another embodiment, and similarly, a second component in one embodiment may be referred to as a first component in another embodiment.

[0046] In the following explanation, ‘when, if, in case of’ can be replaced with ‘based on’.

[0047] Technical features individually described in a single drawing in this specification may be implemented individually or simultaneously.

[0048] In this specification, a terminal is a user equipment (UE) or a consumer-side device, and may also be referred to as a base station / second node / IAB node / first node that receives / transmits signals from / to a Transmission-Reception Point (TRP). A terminal may correspond to a physical node or a logical node. A terminal may correspond to an endpoint on the user side, or may correspond to an intermediate point between other endpoints. In communication between two points that are not limited to endpoints (including one-to-one / many-to-one / one-to-many / many-to-many communication), a terminal may correspond to a served node. A terminal may be a node with a fixed location, or a node with an unfixed location (or mobile).

[0049] In this specification, a base station (BS) is a device on the network side, and may also be called a second node / IAB node / x-NodeB (x-NodeB, x may be an abbreviation related to radio access technology (RAT)) / Transmission-Reception Point (TRP). A BS may correspond to a physical node or a logical node. A BS may correspond to an endpoint on the network side, or may correspond to an intermediate point between other endpoints. In communication between two points that are not limited to endpoints (including one-to-one / many-to-one / one-to-many / many-to-many communication), a BS may correspond to a serving node. A BS may be a node with a fixed location, or a node with an unfixed location.

[0050] In this specification, higher layer parameters may be set for the terminal, preset, or predefined. For example, the base station may transmit higher layer parameters to the terminal. For example, the terminal may transmit parameters such as capabilities to the base station as higher layer parameters. For example, the higher layer parameters may be transmitted via radio resource control (RRC) signaling or medium access control (MAC) signaling.

[0051] In this specification, the information / state / parameter being “configured or pre-configured” can be interpreted as the information / state / parameter being provided / pre-provided to the terminal through pre-defined signaling (e.g., SIB, MAC, RRC) from the base station. In this specification, the information / state / parameter being “defined or pre-defined” can be interpreted as the information / state / parameter being known in advance or pre-stored at the base station and the terminal without signaling between the base station and the terminal.

[0052] The technology described in this specification can be used in various wireless communication systems such as CDMA (code division multiple access), FDMA (frequency division multiple access), TDMA (time division multiple access), OFDMA (orthogonal frequency division multiple access), and SC-FDMA (single carrier frequency division multiple access). CDMA can be implemented with wireless technologies such as UTRA (universal terrestrial radio access) or CDMA2000. TDMA can be implemented with wireless technologies such as GSM (global system for mobile communications) / GPRS (general packet radio service) / EDGE (enhanced data rates for GSM evolution). OFDMA can be implemented with wireless technologies such as IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) 802.11 (Wi-Fi), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX), IEEE 802-20, E-UTRA (evolved UTRA), LTE (long term evolution), and 5G NR.

[0053] The technology described in this specification can be implemented with 6G wireless technology and applied to various 6G systems. For example, the 6G system can have key factors such as enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), ultra-reliable low latency communications (URLLC), massive machine-type communication (mMTC), artificial intelligence (AI) integrated communication, tactile internet, high throughput, high network capacity, high energy efficiency, low backhaul and access network congestion, and enhanced data security.

[0054] Figure 1 illustrates a flexible network topology to which some examples of this specification may be applied.

[0055] To compensate for incomplete network coverage areas, a network topology that allows for more flexible and resilient split radio access networks (RANs) may be considered. For this purpose, various nodes, such as IAB nodes, relays, and RF repeaters, as illustrated in the example in Figure 1, may be applied, or NTNs may be integrated. For example, an IAB node may correspond to a node that provides wireless backhaul. For example, a relay may refer to any intermediate point, or in the case of a sidelink relay where a terminal functions as a relay, it may collectively refer to a terminal-to-network (U2N) relay and a terminal-to-terminal (U2U) relay. For example, an RF repeater may correspond to a node that simply performs the function of signal amplification and forwarding, while a network-controlled repeater may not only amplify and forward signals but also adjust transmission and reception settings based on information provided by the network. For example, an NTN node may correspond to a satellite or aircraft that provides NTN coverage that is difficult for terrestrial networks to provide. In addition to these examples, various intermediate points can be introduced to improve the network topology.

[0056] Referring to Figure 1, a split RAN can support the division of a base station into a centralized unit (CU) and one or more distributed units (DUs). The CU and DU can correspond to logical units. The CU can be further divided into a control plane (CP) portion and one or more user plane (UP) portions. Since a failure in the CU-CP affects not only the CU-UP but also the DUs, various intermediate points can be introduced to compensate for this.

[0057] An intermediate point may correspond to a terminal or a base station, depending on its relationship to other nodes. For example, an IAB node may include a mobile-termination (MT) portion and a unit (DU). The MT may connect the IAB node to a donor node. The unit (DU) of an IAB node may serve other terminals or connect to other IAB nodes to provide multi-hop wireless backhaul to the terminal. In other words, an IAB node may correspond to a base station in its relationship to a user-side node, and to a terminal in its relationship to a network-side node.

[0058] In some examples of this specification, the description of a terminal can be equally applied not only to a user-side endpoint, but also to an intermediate point corresponding to a terminal in a relative relationship with a network-side endpoint. Similarly, in some examples of this specification, the description of a base station can be equally applied not only to a network-side endpoint, but also to an intermediate point corresponding to a base station in a relative relationship with a user-side endpoint. However, in most cases where there is no additional description of the operations of three or more entities, the communicating entities in this specification are briefly described as terminals and / or base stations (or first nodes and / or second nodes), and the terms terminal and / or base stations (or first nodes and / or second nodes) are interpreted to include / replace any endpoint or any intermediate point in relation to other nodes.

[0059] That is, in some examples of this specification, for the sake of simplicity of explanation, the subjects of the operation may be referred to as a base station and / or a terminal (or a first node and / or a second node). In addition, the terms base station and / or terminal (or a first node and / or a second node) may also be interpreted / replaced as in the following examples: For example, the base station (or a first node) and the terminal (or a second node) may respectively correspond to the first endpoint and the second endpoint; may respectively correspond to the endpoint and the intermediate point; may respectively correspond to the intermediate point and the endpoint; or may respectively correspond to the first intermediate point and the second intermediate point.

[0060] In this specification, there may be zero or more intermediate points between the base station and the terminal. If intermediate points exist, they may be IAB nodes, relays, RF repeaters, NTN (non-terrestrial network) nodes, or nodes supporting other functions. An intermediate point may be a node with a fixed location or a node with an unfixed location.

[0061] Figure 2 illustrates a communication system applicable to the present disclosure.

[0062] The communication system (100) of FIG. 2 includes a wireless device (110), a network device (120), and a network (130). Here, the wireless device (110) refers to a device that performs communication using a wireless access technology (e.g., LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A pro, NR, 5G, 5G-A, 6G), and may be referred to as a communication / wireless / 5G / 6G device. Although not limited thereto, the wireless device (110) may include a robot (110a), a vehicle (110b-1, 110b-2), an XR (extended reality) device (110c), a hand-held device (110d), a home appliance (110e), an IoT (Internet of Things) device (110f), and an AI (artificial intelligence) device / server (110g). For example, the vehicle may include a vehicle equipped with a wireless communication function, an autonomous vehicle, a vehicle capable of performing vehicle-to-vehicle communication, etc. Here, the vehicle (110b-1, 110b-2) may include an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) (e.g., a drone). The XR device (110c) includes an augmented reality (AR) / virtual reality (VR) / mixed reality (MR) device, and may be implemented in the form of a head-mounted device (HMD), a head-up display (HUD) equipped in a vehicle, a television, a smartphone, a computer, a wearable device, a home appliance, a digital signage, a vehicle, a robot, etc. The portable device (110d) may include a smartphone, a smart pad, a wearable device (e.g., a smart watch, smart glasses), a computer (e.g., a laptop, etc.), etc. The home appliance (110e) may include a TV, a refrigerator, a washing machine, etc. The IoT device (110f) may include a sensor, a smart meter, etc. The wireless device (110) may correspond to a terminal (or first node) or an intermediate point.The network device (120) may correspond to a base station (or second node) or another intermediate point. For example, the network device (120) may also be implemented as a wireless device (110), and a specific wireless device (120a) may act as a network device (120) to another wireless device (110).

[0063] Wireless devices (110a to 110f) can be connected to a network (130) via a network device (120). AI technology can be applied to the wireless devices (110a to 110f), and the wireless devices (110a to 110f) can be connected to an AI server (110g) via a network (130). The network (130) can be configured using a 3G network, a 4G (e.g., LTE) network, a 5G (e.g., NR), or a 6G network. The wireless devices (110a to 110f) can communicate with each other via the network device (120) / network (130), but can also communicate directly (e.g., sidelink communication) without going through the network device (120) / network (130). For example, vehicles (110b-1, 110b-2) can communicate directly (e.g., V2V (vehicle to vehicle) / V2X (vehicle to everything) communication). Additionally, IoT devices (110f) (e.g., sensors) can communicate directly with other IoT devices (e.g., sensors) or other wireless devices (110a to 110f).

[0064] Wireless communication / connection (150a, 150b, 150c) can be established between wireless devices (110a to 110f) / network devices (120), network devices (120) / network devices (120). Here, the wireless communication / connection can be established through various wireless access technologies such as uplink / downlink communication (150a), sidelink communication (150b) (or D2D communication), and communication between network devices (150c) (e.g., relay, IAB (integrated access backhaul)). Through the wireless communication / connection (150a, 150b, 150c), the wireless device and the network device / wireless device, and the network device and the network device can transmit / receive wireless signals to each other. For example, the wireless communication / connection (150a, 150b, 150c) can transmit / receive signals through various physical channels. To this end, based on various descriptions of the present disclosure, at least some of various configuration information setting processes for transmitting / receiving wireless signals, various signal processing processes (e.g., channel encoding / decoding, modulation / demodulation, resource mapping / demapping, etc.), resource allocation processes, etc. may be performed.

[0065] FIG. 3 illustrates an example of a wireless device applicable to the present disclosure.

[0066] Referring to FIG. 3, the wireless device (200) can transmit and receive wireless signals via various wireless access technologies (e.g., LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A pro, NR, 5G, 5G-A, 6G). The wireless device (200) includes at least one processor (202) and at least one memory (204), and may additionally include at least one transceiver (206) and / or at least one antenna (208).

[0067] The processor (202) controls the memory (204) and / or the transceiver (206), and may be configured to implement the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document. For example, the processor (202) may process information in the memory (204) to generate first information / signal, and then transmit a wireless signal including the first information / signal via the transceiver (206). In addition, the processor (202) may receive a wireless signal including second information / signal via the transceiver (206), and then store information obtained from signal processing of the second information / signal in the memory (204). The memory (204) may be connected to the processor (202) and may store various information related to the operation of the processor (202). For example, the memory (204) may store software code including instructions for performing some or all of the processes controlled by the processor (202), or for performing the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operational flowcharts disclosed herein. Here, the processor (202) and the memory (204) may be part of a communication modem / circuit / chip designed to implement wireless communication technology. The transceiver (206) may be connected to the processor (202) and may transmit and / or receive wireless signals via at least one antenna (208). The transceiver (206) may include a transmitter and / or a receiver. The transceiver (206) may be used interchangeably with an RF (radio frequency) unit. In the present disclosure, a wireless device may also mean a communication modem / circuit / chip.

[0068] Hereinafter, the hardware elements of the wireless device (200) will be described in more detail. Although not limited thereto, at least one protocol layer may be implemented by at least one processor (202). For example, at least one processor (202) may implement at least one layer (e.g., a functional layer such as physical (PHY), media access control (MAC), radio link control (RLC), packet data convergence protocol (PDCP), radio resource control (RRC), and service data adaptation protocol (SDAP)). At least one processor (202) may generate at least one Protocol Data Unit (PDU) and / or at least one Service Data Unit (SDU) according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this document. At least one processor (202) may generate a message, control information, data, or information according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this document. At least one processor (202) can generate a signal (e.g., a baseband signal) including a PDU, an SDU, a message, control information, data or information according to the functions, procedures, proposals and / or methods disclosed in this document, and provide the signal to at least one transceiver (206). At least one processor (202) can receive a signal (e.g., a baseband signal) from at least one transceiver (206) and obtain the PDU, SDU, message, control information, data or information according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods and / or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document.

[0069] At least one processor (202) may be referred to as a controller, a microcontroller, a microprocessor, or a microcomputer. The at least one processor (202) may be implemented by hardware, firmware, software, or a combination thereof. For example, at least one application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), at least one digital signal processor (DSP), at least one digital signal processing device (DSPD), at least one programmable logic device (PLD), or at least one field programmable gate array (FPGA) may be included in the at least one processor (202). The descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this document may be implemented using firmware or software, and the firmware or software may be implemented to include modules, procedures, functions, etc. The descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this document may be included in the at least one processor (202), or may be stored in at least one memory (204) and driven by the at least one processor (202). The descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and / or flowcharts disclosed in this document may be implemented using firmware or software in the form of code, instructions and / or sets of instructions.

[0070] At least one memory (204) can be connected to at least one processor (202) and can store various forms of data, signals, messages, information, programs, codes, instructions and / or commands. The at least one memory (204) can be configured as a read only memory (ROM), a random access memory (RAM), an erasable programmable read only memory (EPROM), a flash memory, a hard drive, a register, a cache memory, a computer readable storage medium and / or a combination thereof. The at least one memory (204) can be located internally and / or externally to the at least one processor (202). In addition, the at least one memory (204) can be connected to the at least one processor (202) via various technologies such as a wired or wireless connection.

[0071] At least one transceiver (206) can transmit user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc., mentioned in the methods and / or flowcharts of this document to at least one other device. At least one transceiver (206) can receive user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc. mentioned in the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods and / or flowcharts disclosed in this document from at least one other device. For example, at least one transceiver (206) can be connected to at least one processor (202) and can transmit and receive wireless signals. For example, at least one processor (202) can control at least one transceiver (206) to transmit user data, control information, or wireless signals to at least one other device. Furthermore, at least one processor (202) can control at least one transceiver (206) to receive user data, control information, or wireless signals from at least one other device. In addition, at least one transceiver (206) may be connected to at least one antenna (208), and at least one transceiver (206) may be configured to transmit and receive user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc. mentioned in the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this document through at least one antenna (208). In this document, at least one antenna may be a plurality of physical antennas or a plurality of logical antennas (e.g., antenna ports). At least one transceiver (206) may convert the received wireless signals / channels, etc. from RF band signals to baseband signals in order to process the received user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc. using at least one processor (202). At least one transceiver (206) may convert the processed user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc. from baseband signals to RF band signals using at least one processor (202).For this purpose, at least one transceiver (206) may include an (analog) oscillator and / or filter.

[0072] The components of the wireless device described with reference to FIG. 3 may be referred to by different terms in terms of functionality. For example, the processor (202) may be referred to as a control unit, the transceiver (206) as a communication unit, and the memory (204) as a storage unit. In some cases, the communication unit may be used to mean at least a portion of the processor (202) and the transceiver (206).

[0073] The structure of the wireless device described with reference to FIG. 3 can be understood as the structure of at least a portion of various devices. For example, the structure of the wireless device illustrated in FIG. 3 can be at least a portion of various devices described with reference to FIG. 2 (e.g., a robot (110a), a vehicle (110b-1, 110b-2), an XR device (110c), a portable device (110d), a home appliance (110e), an IoT device (110f), an AI device / server (110g)). Furthermore, according to various embodiments, in addition to the components illustrated in FIG. 3, the device may further include other components.

[0074] For example, the device may be a portable device such as a smartphone, a smart pad, a wearable device (e.g., a smart watch, smart glasses), or a portable computer (e.g., a laptop, etc.). In this case, the device may further include at least one of a power supply unit that supplies power and includes a wired / wireless charging circuit, a battery, etc., an interface unit that includes at least one port for connection with another device (e.g., an audio input / output port, a video input / output port), and an input / output unit for inputting and outputting image information / signals, audio information / signals, data, and / or information input from a user.

[0075] For example, the device may be a mobile device such as a mobile robot, a vehicle, a train, an aerial vehicle (AV), a ship, etc. In this case, the device may further include at least one of a driving unit including at least one of an engine, a motor, a power train, wheels, brakes, and a steering unit of the device, a power supply unit including a wired / wireless charging circuit, a battery, etc. that supplies power, a sensor unit that senses status information, environmental information, and user information of the device or its surroundings, an autonomous driving unit that performs functions such as path maintenance, speed control, and destination setting, and a position measurement unit that obtains location information of the mobile device through a global positioning system (GPS) and various sensors.

[0076] For example, the device may be an XR device such as an HMD, a head-up display (HUD) installed in a vehicle, a television, a smartphone, a computer, a wearable device, a home appliance, a digital signage, a vehicle, a robot, etc. In this case, the device may further include at least one of a power supply unit that supplies power and includes a wired / wireless charging circuit, a battery, etc., an input / output unit that obtains control information, data, etc. from the outside and outputs the generated XR object, and a sensor unit that senses status information, environmental information, and user information of the device or the surroundings of the device.

[0077] For example, the device may be a robot that can be classified into industrial, medical, household, military, etc. types depending on the purpose or field of use. In this case, the device may further include at least one of a sensor unit that senses status information, environmental information, and user information of the device or its surroundings, and a driving unit that performs various physical actions, such as moving the robot joints.

[0078] For example, the device may be an AI device such as a TV, a projector, a smartphone, a PC, a laptop, a digital broadcasting terminal, a tablet PC, a wearable device, a set-top box (STB), a radio, a washing machine, a refrigerator, digital signage, a robot, a vehicle, etc. In this case, the device may further include at least one of an input unit that acquires various types of data from the outside, an output unit that generates output related to sight, hearing, or touch, a sensor unit that senses status information, environmental information, and user information of the device or its surroundings, and a training unit that trains a model composed of an artificial neural network using learning data.

[0079] The structure of the wireless device illustrated in FIG. 3 may be understood as a part of a terminal (or first node), or as a part of an intermediate point, or as a part of a base station (or second node). If the device illustrated in FIG. 3 is a base station (or second node), the device may further include a wired transceiver for front haul and / or back haul communications. However, if the front haul and / or back haul communications are based on wireless communications, at least one transceiver (206) illustrated in FIG. 3 may be used for front haul and / or back haul communications, and a wired transceiver may not be included.

[0080] FIG. 4 illustrates a communication procedure between a first node (e.g., a terminal) and a second node (e.g., a base station) applicable to the present disclosure.

[0081] The second node of FIG. 4 supports dynamic spectrum sharing (DSS), which can provide connectivity to both nodes implementing 6G technology and nodes implementing pre-6G wireless communication technologies (e.g., 5G, 4G). That is, the first node of FIG. 4 can implement either 6G technology or pre-6G wireless communication technologies (e.g., 5G, 4G). Furthermore, the first node and / or the second node can support full duplex mode as well as non-overlapping full duplex mode.

[0082] In Fig. 4, for the sake of simplicity of explanation, the first node and the second node are assumed to be a terminal and a base station, respectively, and operations of the terminal (110) and the base station (120) transmitting and / or receiving data and operations performed prior thereto are illustrated. However, the operations of Fig. 4 are not limited to operations between the terminal and the base station, and may be interpreted as operations between the first node and the second node. In addition, although Fig. 4 illustrates direct wireless signal transmission and reception operations between the terminal (110) and the base station (120), one or more intermediate points may exist between the terminal (110) and the base station (120), and wireless signals may be transmitted and received via one or more intermediate points.

[0083] Referring to FIG. 4, in step 101, the terminal (110) and the base station (120) perform synchronization. For example, the terminal (110) performs an initial cell search operation. Specifically, the terminal (110) can detect a synchronization signal for connection to at least one base station transmitted from the base station (120) according to a predefined rule. Here, the synchronization signal can include a plurality of synchronization signals classified according to structure or purpose (e.g., a first synchronization signal (e.g., a primary synchronization signal), a second synchronization signal (e.g., a secondary synchronization signal), etc.). Through this, the terminal (110) can confirm the boundary of a unit (e.g., a frame, a subframe, a slot, and / or a symbol) constituting a wireless signal transmission of the base station (120) and obtain information (e.g., a cell identifier) ​​about the base station (120).

[0084] In step 103, the terminal (110) obtains system information transmitted from the base station (120). The system information is information related to the properties, characteristics, and / or capabilities of the base station (120) required to access the base station (120) and use the service, and may be classified according to the content (e.g., whether it is essential for access), transmission structure (e.g., channel used, whether provided on-demand), etc., and may be classified into, for example, first system information (e.g., master information block (MIB), primary system information), second system information (e.g., system information block (SIB), secondary system information), etc. If necessary, the terminal (110) may transmit a signal requesting system information before receiving the system information. However, the request and provision of the system information may be performed after the random access procedure described below.

[0085] In step 105, the terminal (110) and the base station (120) perform a random access procedure. The terminal (110) may transmit and / or receive at least one message (e.g., a random access preamble, a random access response (RAR) message, etc.) for the random access procedure based on information related to a channel for the random access procedure of the base station (120) obtained through system information (e.g., a channel position, a channel structure, a structure of a supported preamble, etc.). For example, the terminal (110) may transmit a first message (e.g., a preamble, MSG1) through the channel for the random access procedure, receive a second message (e.g., an RAR message, MSG2), transmit a third message (e.g., MSG3) including information related to the terminal (110) (e.g., identification information) to the base station (120) using scheduling information included in the second message, and receive a fourth message (e.g., MSG4) for contention resolution and / or connection establishment. As another example, the first and third messages may be sent and received as one message, or the second and fourth messages may be sent and received as one message.

[0086] In step 107, the terminal (110) and the base station (120) perform signaling of control information. Here, the control information may be defined in various layers, such as a layer that controls a connection (e.g., a radio resource control (RRC) layer), a layer that handles mapping between logical channels and transport channels (e.g., a media access control (MAC) layer), and a layer that handles physical channels (e.g., a physical (PHY) layer). For example, the terminal (110) and the base station (120) may perform at least one of signaling for establishing a connection, signaling for determining settings related to communication, and signaling for indicating allocated resources.

[0087] In step 109, the terminal (110) and the base station (120) transmit and / or receive data. In other words, the terminal (110) and the base station (120) can process, transmit, and / or receive data based on the signaling of the control information. For example, when transmitting data, the terminal (110) or the base station (120) can perform at least one of channel encoding, rate matching, scrambling, constellation mapping, layer mapping, waveform modulation, antenna mapping, and resource mapping on the information bits. Conversely, when receiving data, the terminal (110) or the base station (120) can perform at least one of signal extraction from resources, waveform demodulation for each antenna, signal arrangement considering layer mapping, constellation demapping, descrambling, and channel decoding.

[0088]

[0089] Below, the core technologies of the 6G system are explained.

[0090] As core implementation technologies of the 6G system, technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI), THz (terahertz) communication, optical wireless technology, FSO backhaul network, massive MIMO technology, blockchain, 3D networking, quantum communication, unmanned aerial vehicles, cell-free communication, wireless information and energy transfer (WIET), integration of sensing and communication, integration of access backhaul networks, holographic beamforming, big data analysis, and large intelligent surface (LIS) can be adopted.

[0091]

[0092] Artificial intelligence

[0093] Incorporating AI into communications can streamline and improve real-time data transmission. AI can use numerous analytics to determine how complex target tasks should be performed. This means AI can increase efficiency and reduce processing delays. Time-consuming tasks such as handovers, network selection, and resource scheduling can be performed instantly using AI. AI can also play a crucial role in machine-to-machine (M2M), machine-to-human, and human-to-machine communications. Furthermore, AI can facilitate rapid communication in brain-computer interfaces (BCIs). AI-based communication systems can be supported by metamaterials, intelligent structures, intelligent networks, intelligent devices, intelligent cognitive radios, self-sustaining wireless networks, and machine learning.

[0094] The following describes a functional framework for AI / ML operations.

[0095] Below, to explain AI (or AI / ML) more specifically, the terms can be defined as follows.

[0096] - Data collection: Data collected from network nodes, management entities, or terminals as a basis for AI model training, data analysis, and inference.

[0097] - AI Model: A data-driven algorithm that applies AI technology to generate a set of outputs containing predictive information and / or decision parameters based on a set of inputs.

[0098] - AI / ML Training: An online or offline process of training an AI model by learning features and patterns that best represent the data and obtain a trained AI / ML model for inference.

[0099] - AI / ML Inference: The process of making predictions or inducing decisions based on collected data and the AI ​​model using a trained AI model.

[0100] Life Cycle Management (LCM) procedures for AI / ML models (i.e., model training, model deployment, model inference, model monitoring, model updates, etc.) can be divided into functionality-based LCM and model-based LCM. In functionality-based LCM, AI / ML models may not be identified by the network, and the network can direct the activation / deactivation / fallback / switching of AI / ML functionality. In model-ID (identifier)-based LCM, AI / ML models can be identified by the network, and the network / terminal can activate / deactivate / select / switch AI / ML models based on the model ID.

[0101] Figure 5 illustrates a general functional architecture for an AI / ML model.

[0102] In particular, Figure 5 illustrates a general functional architecture relevant to both Functionality-based LCM and Model-based LCM. Some of the functions or some of the data / information / command flows (i.e., arrows) illustrated in Figure 5 may be omitted.

[0103] Referring to FIG. 5, a general functional framework can be configured to include a data collection function (10), a model training function (20), a management function (30), an inference function (40), and a model storage function (50).

[0104] The Data Collection function (10) is a function that provides input data to the Model Training function (20), Management function (30), and Inference function (40). The Data Collection function (10) can perform data preparation based on raw data and provide input data processed through data preparation. Examples of raw data may include received data / measurement data from terminals or other network entities, inference / output of AI / ML models, etc. The Data Collection function (10) may be performed by a single entity (e.g., terminal, network node, etc.) or may be performed by multiple entities.

[0105] Here, training data (11) refers to data required as input for the AI / ML Model Training function (20). Monitoring data (12) refers to data required as input for the Management (30) of the AI / ML model or AI / ML function. Inference data (13) refers to data required as input for the AI / ML Inference function (30).

[0106] The Model Training function (20) is a function that performs AI / ML model training, validation, and testing, which can generate model performance metrics that can be used as part of the AI / ML model testing procedure. The Model Training function (20) can perform data preparation (e.g., data pre-processing and cleaning, forming, and transformation) based on the Training Data (11) transferred from the Data Collection function (10), if necessary.

[0107] Trained / Updated Model (21): If there is a Model Storage function (50), it is used to pass a trained, validated and tested AI / ML model to the Model Storage function (50) or to pass an updated version of the model to the Model Storage function (50).

[0108] The Management function (30) is a function that supervises the operation of the AI / ML model or AI / ML function. In addition, the Management function (30) may perform decisions to ensure appropriate inference operations based on data received from the Data Collection function (10) (i.e., Monitoring Data (12)) and / or data received from the Inference function (40) (i.e., Inference Output (41)).

[0109] Management Instruction (32) is information required as input to manage the Inference function (40). The relevant information may include selection / (de)activation / switching of an AI / ML model or AI / ML-based function, and may also include fallback to non-AI / ML operations (i.e., not relying on the inference process).

[0110] A Model Transfer / Delivery Request (33) can be used to request model(s) from Model Storage (50).

[0111] A Performance Feedback / Retraining Request (31) refers to information required as input to the Model Training function (20) (e.g., for the purpose of (re)training or updating the model).

[0112] The Inference function (40) is a function that provides output from the process of applying an AI / ML model or AI / ML function using data (i.e., Inference Data (13)) provided by Data Collection (10) as input. Data preparation (e.g., data preprocessing and cleaning, formatting, and transformation) may also be performed based on the Inference Data (13) delivered by Data Collection (10). If necessary, the Inference function (40) may also perform data preparation (e.g., data preprocessing and cleaning, forming, and transformation) based on the Inference Data (13) provided by Data Collection function (10).

[0113] Inference Output (41) is data used in the Management function (30) to monitor the performance of an AI / ML model or AI / ML function. Inference Output (41) may include the inference output of the AI / ML model generated by the Inference function (30), and the details of the inference output may vary depending on the use case.

[0114] The Model Storage function (50) stores a learned / updated model that can be used to perform the Inference function (40). The Model Storage function (50) illustrated in FIG. 5 can be used as a reference point (if any) when applicable to protocol termination, model transmission / delivery, and related processes. Furthermore, the Model Storage function (50) is merely an example and is not intended to limit the storage location of actual AI / ML models, and may be omitted.

[0115] Model Transfer / Delivery (51) is used to transfer AI / ML models to inference functions.

[0116] The level of cooperation can be defined as follows depending on the capability of AI / ML functions between multiple nodes, and variations due to combination of multiple levels or separation of any one level are also possible.

[0117] Cat 0a) No collaboration framework: AI / ML algorithms are purely implementation-based and do not require any changes to the wireless interface.

[0118] Cat 0b) This level corresponds to a framework with a modified wireless interface tailored to efficient implementation-based AI / ML algorithms, but without collaboration.

[0119] Category 1) involves inter-node support to improve the AI / ML algorithms of each node. For example, this applies when a specific node receives support from another node (for training, adaptation, etc.) and vice versa. At this level, model exchange between network nodes is not required.

[0120] Category 2) Joint AI / ML tasks can be performed across multiple nodes. This level requires the exchange of AI / ML model commands or network nodes.

[0121] FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating an overall functional framework for an AI / ML model, and not all functions and / or all data / information / command signals illustrated in FIG. 5 may be performed within a specific node, but only some of them may be performed.

[0122] AI / ML models can be divided into one-side models and two-side models depending on whether training and / or inference are performed on a single node or jointly / sequentially on multiple nodes.

[0123] A one-side model can refer to an AI / ML model in which inference is performed entirely by a single node (e.g., a terminal or network). Here, AI / ML model training can also be performed entirely by a single node. AI / ML model training and inference can be performed by the same node, or they can be performed by separate nodes.

[0124] A two-side model can refer to an AI / ML model in which joint inference is performed across multiple nodes (e.g., terminals and networks). Joint inference refers to inference being performed jointly across multiple nodes. For example, the first part of the inference may be performed by a first node, and the remaining part by a second node. Two-side models can be categorized into several types depending on the training method of the AI / ML model, as follows:

[0125] - First type: AI / ML models can be trained on a single node. In this case, joint training can be performed. The trained model can then be distributed to other nodes / objects.

[0126] - Second type: Joint training of AI / ML models can be performed on multiple nodes / entities (e.g., networks and terminals). Joint training can mean that model generation (e.g., CSI generation part) and model reconstruction (CSI compression by sub-use case) are trained in the same loop for forward activation and backward gradient. In this type, joint training can include both simultaneous training (i.e., model generation training and model reconstruction training are performed simultaneously) and sequential training (i.e., model reconstruction training is performed after model generation training).

[0127] - Third type: Separate training of AI / ML models can be performed on multiple nodes (e.g., networks and terminals). Separate training may mean that training begins sequentially on one node and continues on other nodes. In this case, the first node first performs the AI / ML model and shares the training data with the second node. The second node can then use the shared training data to perform the AI / ML model. For example, training for the CSI generation part may be performed by the terminal, while CSI reconstruction may be performed by the network.

[0128] Figure 6 illustrates a communication procedure between a first node (e.g., terminal) and a second node (e.g., base station) to which an AI / ML model is applied.

[0129] The operations described in the present invention described below can be described / interpreted based on the AI / ML model as shown in Fig. 6 below, even without separate mention (i.e., without explicit mention of being by / based on / for the AI / ML model). In addition, unless specifically limited in the description of the present invention, the AI / ML model can correspond to a one-side model in which inference is entirely performed by a single node, or a two-side model in which joint inference is performed by multiple nodes.

[0130] Step 1: In the description of the present invention described below, signaling (e.g., information / data / channel / signal, etc.) or a set of signaling between a specific node (e.g., terminal, network, etc.) and another node can be interpreted as the signaling or set of signaling of the first step used to perform an operation based on an AI / ML model, even if there is no separate mention. For example, it can correspond to training data for training (i.e., generation and / or reconstruction) the AI / ML model of FIG. 5, or correspond to inference data used for inference of the AI / ML model, or correspond to feedback for the AI / ML model, etc. If signaling between nodes is not required prior to an operation based on an AI / ML model in the present invention, Step 1 can be omitted. If a one-side model is used in the present invention, the unidirectional / bidirectional signaling (set) in the present invention can correspond to the signaling of the first step. In addition, when a two-side model is used in the present invention, unidirectional / bidirectional signaling in the present invention may correspond to one stage of signaling, and also repetitive signaling operations may correspond to one stage of signaling.

[0131] For example, in AI / ML model-based beam management (BM), if a base station predicts (i.e., infers) beam(s) with good quality based on an AI / ML model, the base station can receive quality / intensity information for multiple beams from a terminal. Furthermore, if a terminal predicts (i.e., infers) beam(s) with good quality based on an AI / ML model, the terminal can receive multiple beams from the base station.

[0132] Step 2: In the description of the present invention described below, an operation (e.g., calculation, selection, prediction, etc.) in a specific node (e.g., terminal, network, etc.) or a joint operation (e.g., calculation, selection, prediction, etc.) in multiple nodes (e.g., terminal, network, etc.) may correspond to a step 2 operation based on one or more functions in the functional framework of the AI / ML model, even if not mentioned separately. For example, it may correspond to training (i.e., generation and / or reconstruction) of the AI / ML model in FIG. 5 or inference of the AI / ML model, etc. When a one-side model is used, an operation performed by a single node in the present invention may correspond to a step 2 operation, and also when a two-side model is used, a joint operation performed by multiple nodes in the present invention may correspond to a step 2 operation.

[0133] For example, in an AI / ML model-based BM, the base station can use quality / intensity information for multiple beams received from the terminal as inference data to predict (i.e., infer) beam(s) with good quality based on the AI / ML model. Furthermore, the terminal can measure multiple beams received from the base station and use the measurement results as inference data to predict (i.e., infer) beam(s) with good quality based on the AI / ML model.

[0134] Step 3: In the description of the present invention described below, the signaling (e.g., information / data / channel / signal, etc.) or set of signaling between a specific node (e.g., terminal, network, etc.) and another node can be interpreted as a three-stage signaling or set of signaling generated due to (as a result of) an operation based on an AI / ML model, even if not otherwise mentioned. For example, it can correspond to an output due to inference of the AI / ML model in FIG. 5. If signaling between nodes is not required as a result of an operation based on an AI / ML model in the present invention, Step 3 can be omitted. If a one-side model is used in the present invention, the one-way / two-way signaling (set) in the present invention can correspond to the three-stage signaling. In addition, if a two-side model is used in the present invention, the one-way / two-way signaling in the present invention can correspond to the three-stage signaling, and furthermore, a repetitive signaling operation can correspond to the three-stage signaling.

[0135] For example, in an AI / ML model-based BM, the base station can transmit to the terminal the beam(s) predicted based on the AI / ML model as candidates so that the terminal can determine the optimal beam. Furthermore, the terminal can report to the base station the beam(s) predicted based on the AI / ML model to request the base station to transmit the candidate beams as candidates for determining the optimal beam.

[0136]

[0137] <THz 통신(terahertz communication)>

[0138] Data rates can be increased by increasing bandwidth. This can be achieved by utilizing sub-THz communications with wide bandwidths and applying advanced massive MIMO technology. THz waves, also known as sub-millimeter waves, typically refer to the frequency range between 0.1 THz and 10 THz, with corresponding wavelengths ranging from 0.03 mm to 3 mm. The 100 GHz to 300 GHz band (sub-THz band) is considered a key part of the THz spectrum for cellular communications. Adding the sub-THz band to the mmWave band will increase the capacity of 6G cellular communications. Among the defined THz bands, 300 GHz to 3 THz lies in the far infrared (IR) frequency band. While part of the optical band, the 300 GHz to 3 THz band lies at the boundary of the optical band, immediately following the RF band. Therefore, this 300 GHz to 3 THz band exhibits similarities to RF.

[0139] Figure 7 illustrates the electromagnetic spectrum according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of Figure 7 can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure. Key characteristics of THz communications include (i) a widely available bandwidth to support very high data rates, and (ii) high path loss at high frequencies (highly directional antennas are essential). The narrow beamwidth generated by the highly directional antenna reduces interference. The small wavelength of THz signals allows for a much larger number of antenna elements to be integrated into devices and base stations operating in this band. This enables the use of advanced adaptive array techniques to overcome range limitations.

[0140] Transmitting system information (i.e., information related to the properties, characteristics, and / or capabilities of a BS required to use a service, such as MIB, SIB, etc.) in the THz frequency band may be inefficient because, as the beam width becomes narrower in high frequency bands, more beam sweeps must be performed to cover the entire area of ​​the cell. In particular, transmitting system information in this manner is even more inefficient when there are not many users in the cell. Accordingly, a system information transmission procedure such as that illustrated in FIG. 8 may be used.

[0141] Figure 8 illustrates an example of a procedure for transmitting system information for THz communications to which the present disclosure applies. While this example was developed with THz in mind, it is also applicable to 6G communication environments where THz is not applicable. Furthermore, the procedure illustrated in Figure 8 can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure described below. For example, the embodiments described below can be performed based on system information acquired through the procedure illustrated in Figure 8.

[0142] Referring to FIG. 8, in step 501, the base station (520) transmits system information of cell #1 through cell #2. That is, the base station (520) provides at least two cells, cell #1 uses a THz frequency band, and cell #2 uses a frequency band other than the THz frequency band. Here, the system information may include at least one information / state / parameter / setting generated in each of a higher layer and a physical layer. For example, the at least one information / state / parameter / setting generated in the higher layer may include at least one of SFN, control information setting for SIB1 (e.g., PDCCH configuration for SIB1, etc.), information related to cell selection / entry (e.g., cell barring, cell re-selection, etc.), and subcarrier spacing, and the at least one information / state / parameter / setting generated in the physical layer may include at least one of SFN, half frame indicator, and SSB index. However, this is merely an example, and system information may include information / status / parameters / settings related to Cell #1 / Cell #2 generated from various types of physical layers / upper layers. For this purpose, as an example, Cell #1 and Cell #2 may have a relationship as a secondary cell and a primary cell.

[0143] In step 503, UE (510) acquires synchronization for cell #1. Synchronization can be acquired by detecting a synchronization signal. Typically, synchronization is acquired before receiving system information. However, since system information for cell #1 is received from cell #2, synchronization acquisition for cell #1 can be performed after receiving the system information. For example, UE (510) can acquire synchronization based on system information. However, unlike FIG. 8, in another example, synchronization acquisition can be performed before step 501.

[0144] In step 505, the UE (510) transmits a signal for accessing cell #1. For example, the signal may include information for accessing cell #1 (e.g., a random access preamble, etc.). The structure of the signal and the resources for transmitting the signal (e.g., a channel) may be identified through system information. Thereafter, in step 507, the UE (510) and the base station (520) perform an access procedure for cell #1 and communicate. In this step, operations according to various embodiments described below may be performed.

[0145] The procedure described with reference to FIG. 8 may be performed when the UE (501) first connects to cell #1 of the base station (520). Alternatively, a similar procedure may be performed when the UE (501) hands over to cell #1 of the base station (520). However, in the case of handover, the system information of cell #1 may be received from a cell of a base station other than cell #2 of the base station (520).

[0146] Communications in the THz band are expected to experience extremely severe path loss, and to overcome this, terminals and base stations must use extremely sharp beams. The use of sharp beams means that terminals and base stations must perform beam control in addition to beamforming, and the number of beams used increases significantly. Consequently, it takes a very long time to align the transmit and receive beams between the base station and terminals. Furthermore, if the beam alignment between the base station and terminals is misaligned due to the movement or movement of the terminals, frequent re-alignment of the beams is required, which can lead to link instability. Accordingly, a beam management procedure, as illustrated in FIG. 9 below, may be employed.

[0147] FIG. 9 illustrates a beam management procedure applicable to the present disclosure. FIG. 9 illustrates an example of a procedure for searching and / or selecting beams for THz communication, but is not limited to a THz environment, and the present disclosure is applicable to a 6G communication environment. In addition, the procedure illustrated in FIG. 9 can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure described below. Here, a beam may be interpreted as 'spatial (setting) information', 'spatial domain filter', 'spatial domain transmission filter', 'spatial domain reception filter', or / and a term having an equivalent technical meaning that can distinguish the beam (e.g., Reference signal, SSB (Synchronization Signal Block) Index, TRP (transmission reception point), panel, cell, TP (transmission point), base station, control resource related information (e.g., CORESET (control resource set) related information, etc.).

[0148] Referring to FIG. 9, in step 601, the base station (620) configures resources for beam management. Here, the resources may include at least one of time-frequency resources, channels, and spatial resources (e.g., antenna ports). For example, the base station (620) may utilize a beam search signal (BSS) that is transmitted spatially separated from an existing downlink signal / channel for beam search. Here, the BSS may be transmitted based on a dedicated port for beam search. The dedicated port may be a different port from a port for transmitting an existing downlink signal / channel (e.g., a synchronization signal (e.g., SSB, etc.), a data channel (e.g., PDSCH, etc.)). BSS is a term defined for convenience of explanation, and the technical concept according to the present embodiment is not limited to the term BSS itself. That is, a signal transmitted based on a dedicated port defined / configured for beam search may be included in the technical concept according to the present embodiment.

[0149] In step 603, the base station (620) transmits measurement signals using a plurality of transmission beams. For example, the measurement signals may include at least one of a reference signal and a synchronization signal. At this time, the measurement signals may be transmitted as many times as the number of beams that require measurement, and may be transmitted in a multi-beam transmission method that forms a plurality of beams simultaneously to reduce the sweeping time. Here, the multi-beam transmission may be performed based on at least one of a multi-panel, a sub-array, and a true time delay (TTD).

[0150] In step 605, the UE (610) transmits a feedback signal to the base station (620). The feedback signal indicates at least one beam selected by the UE (610). The UE (610) may select at least one preferred beam based on the measurement signals received in step 603. In step 607, the UE (610) and the base station (620) perform communication. At this time, the UE (610) and the base station (620) may perform communication using the beam selected in step 605. If channel reciprocity is established, the transmission beam of the UE (610) may also be determined through steps 603 and 605, and thus, the transmission operation of the UE (610) may also be performed using the beam selected in step 605. If channel reciprocity is not established, a procedure including transmitting measurement signals of the UE (610) and transmitting feedback signals of the base station (620) may be performed to determine the transmission beam of the UE (610). In step 607, operations according to various embodiments described below may be performed.

[0151]

[0152] Integrated Sensing and Communication (ISAC)

[0153] Wireless sensing is a technology that uses radio frequencies to determine the instantaneous linear velocity, angle, distance (range), etc. of an object, thereby obtaining information about the characteristics of the environment and / or objects within the environment. Because radio frequency sensing does not require a networked device to connect to the object, it can provide a service for object positioning without a device. The ability to obtain range, velocity, and angle information from radio frequency signals can enable a wide range of new capabilities, such as various object detection, object recognition (e.g., vehicles, humans, animals, UAVs), and high-precision localization, tracking, and activity recognition. Wireless sensing services can provide information to a variety of industries (e.g., drones, smart homes, V2X, factories, railways, public safety, etc.), enabling applications such as intruder detection, assisted vehicle steering and navigation, trajectory tracking, collision avoidance, traffic management, and health and traffic management. In some cases, wireless sensing can utilize non-3GPP type sensors (e.g., radar, cameras) to further support 3GPP-based sensing. For example, the operation of wireless sensing services, i.e., sensing operations, may depend on the transmission, reflection, and scattering of wireless sensing signals. Therefore, wireless sensing offers an opportunity to enhance existing communication systems from a communication network to a wireless communication and sensing network.

[0154] FIG. 10 illustrates an example of a sensing operation according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 10 can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure. Specifically, FIG. 10(a) illustrates an example of sensing using a sensing receiver and a sensing transmitter located at the same location (e.g., monostatic sensing), and FIG. 10(b) illustrates an example of sensing using a separated sensing receiver and sensing transmitter (e.g., bistatic sensing).

[0155] For example, in a wireless communication system based on a 6G network of the present specification, referring to FIG. 10(a), the sensing transmitter and the sensing receiver may be configured to be included in a single base station (i.e., the same base station) or a single terminal (i.e., the same terminal). Alternatively, referring to FIG. 10(b), the sensing transmitter and the sensing receiver may be configured to be included in different base stations, different terminals, or each terminal and base station.

[0156] In this regard, the following six types of sensing modes can be defined based on whether the sensing transmitter and sensing receiver are included in the base station or the terminal, respectively.

[0157] - Mode 1: A mode in which the sensing transmitter and sensing receiver are contained in a single base station (e.g., base station-based sensing mode in monostatic mode).

[0158] - Second mode: A mode in which the sensing transmitter is included in a first base station and the sensing receiver is included in a second base station different from the first base station (e.g., base station-based sensing mode in bistatic mode).

[0159] - Mode 3: A mode in which the sensing transmitter is included in the base station and the sensing receiver is included in the terminal (e.g., base station-terminal sensing mode).

[0160] - Mode 4: A mode in which the sensing transmitter is included in the terminal and the sensing receiver is included in the base station (e.g., terminal-base station sensing mode).

[0161] - Mode 5: A mode in which the sensing transmitter and sensing receiver are contained in a single terminal (e.g., terminal-based sensing mode in monostatic mode).

[0162] - 6th mode: A mode in which the sensing transmitter is included in a first terminal and the sensing receiver is included in a second terminal different from the first terminal (e.g., terminal-based sensing mode in bistatic mode).

[0163] In a wireless communication system based on a 6G network of the present specification, one or more of the six types of sensing modes described above may be utilized independently / in combination.

[0164] In relation to the sensing operation in FIG. 10, the sensing transmitter may transmit a sensing signal for sensing one or more objects (and / or an environment around the objects). For example, the sensing signal may correspond to a radio (frequency) signal defined to be transmittable by a base station / terminal in a wireless communication system based on a 6G network of the present specification. The sensing receiver may receive a signal scattered / reflected by one or more objects (and / or an environment around the objects) from a sensing signal transmitted from the sensing transmitter. In the sensing receiver, sensing data may be derived from the scattered / reflected signals, and sensing results may be generated / obtained through processing of the sensing data. Here, the sensing results may include characteristic information (e.g., location, distance, speed, angle, etc.) about one or more objects (and / or the environment around the objects). The sensing results generated / obtained in this way may be utilized for wireless sensing services (e.g., detection, tracking, etc. of objects and / or environments) provided in the wireless communication system based on the 6G network of the present specification, or may be provided / disclosed to a trusted third party.

[0165] Additionally, the sensing operation in FIG. 10 is described as a representative example of the operation in a wireless communication system based on a 6G network, but can be extended and applied to cases where terminals / base stations / signals based on networks of previous generations (e.g., 4G, 5G, etc.) are utilized.

[0166] Additionally, with respect to the wireless sensing described herein, in a wireless communication system based on a 6G network of the present specification, time / frequency resources for sensing operations and time / frequency resources for general communications (e.g., UL / DL / sidelink-based communications, etc.) may be scheduled / configured separately.

[0167] FIG. 11 illustrates time / frequency resources for sensing operations according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 11 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0168] Referring to FIG. 11, time / frequency resources (hereinafter, sensing resources) for the aforementioned sensing operation (e.g., sensing operation based on FIG. 10) can be set / allocated separately from time / frequency resources (hereinafter, communication resources) for general communication.

[0169] For example, as illustrated in FIG. 11, sensing resources can be set / allocated in units of symbols in the time domain and / or resource blocks in the frequency domain. Resources other than those for which the sensing resources are set / allocated can be utilized as resources for general communication. That is, sensing resources and communication resources can be set / allocated based on a time-division multiplexing (TDM) scheme and / or a frequency-division multiplexing (FDM) scheme in terms of the operation of the base station / terminal. Additionally or alternatively, unlike what is illustrated in FIG. 10, sensing resources can also be set / allocated based on other units in the time domain (e.g., slots, frames, absolute time (ms, us), etc.) and / or other units in the frequency domain (e.g., subcarriers, carriers, absolute frequencies (MHz, GHz), etc.).

[0170] Additionally or alternatively, in connection with the setting / allocation / scheduling of resources for general communication as described herein, the relationship between the resources and the aforementioned sensing resources may need to be considered. For example, when setting / allocating resources for general communication according to the embodiment(s) of the present disclosure, the resources may be set / allocated to rate-match or puncture the resource region corresponding to the sensing resource. For example, when scheduling resources for general communication according to the embodiment(s) of the present disclosure, the resources may be scheduled so as not to overlap with the resource region corresponding to the sensing resource. If the resources for general communication according to the embodiment(s) of the present disclosure and the resource region corresponding to the sensing resource are set / allocated / scheduled to overlap, one or both operations may be dropped, skipped, or postponed based on priorities, predefined rules, etc. That is, in the embodiment(s) of the present specification, it may be desirable that resources related to general communication (e.g., resources for signals / channels related to UL / DL / Sidelink-based data / control, etc.) are set / allocated / scheduled so as not to overlap with the sensing resources described above.

[0171] Additionally, various channel modeling methods may be applied in connection with the wireless sensing described herein. Channel modeling related to sensing may refer to configuring a path for transmitting and receiving sensing signals and / or scattered / reflected signals, taking into account the object being sensed and / or the environment in which the object resides. Channel modeling may be related to the performance / requirements of sensing in wireless communication systems, and thus may be an important factor in validating the sensing function.

[0172] Channels related to sensing can be divided into channels between objects (e.g., targets of interest) and sensing transmitters / receivers, and channels between the environment to which the object belongs and sensing transmitters / receivers. In this regard, channel modeling related to sensing can be divided based on sensing mode (e.g., the six types of modes described above), whether there is an object / environment, and / or sensing scenarios. For example, channel modeling for a target in a base station / terminal-based monostatic sensing mode, channel modeling for a target in a base station / terminal-based bistatic sensing mode, channel modeling for the environment in a base station / terminal-based monostatic sensing mode, and channel modeling for the environment in a base station / terminal-based bistatic sensing mode can be configured and optimized differently. For example, when various sensing scenarios are classified, channel modeling for detection, location, and tracking scenarios, channel modeling for motion recognition, and channel modeling for imaging / environment reconstruction scenarios can be divided, etc. Additionally, channel modeling related to sensing may be based on statistical channel modeling techniques and / or deterministic channel modeling techniques. For example, modeling for sensing in a wireless communication system based on a 6G network of the present disclosure may be based on stochastic geometric channel modeling techniques and / or hybrid with ray tracing channel modeling techniques. Here, the stochastic geometric channel model may be based on various statistical characteristics of the channel state. Furthermore, the hybrid channel model may be based on both ray tracing techniques and stochastic techniques.In a hybrid approach, channels for objects requiring high accuracy and consistency (e.g., targets of interest) can be modeled using ray tracing techniques, while channels for the environment can be modeled using probabilistic techniques.

[0173] FIG. 12 illustrates a procedure related to a sensing operation according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 12 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0174] For example, in a wireless communication system based on a 6G network of the present specification, in the case of a sensing operation in which a terminal participates, the base station may need to verify the capability of the terminal for the sensing operation. In this regard, the terminal may be configured to report capability information on whether it supports the sensing operation to the base station. Additionally or alternatively, if the terminal is defined in advance in the standard as supporting the sensing operation, the procedure may be omitted. In addition, in the case of a sensing operation in which only the base station participates, the base station may be configured to report capability information on whether it supports the sensing operation to an entity that configures / controls its sensing operation (e.g., a network entity at an upper level / layer of the base station).

[0175] For example, the base station can perform signaling with the terminal to exchange configuration information related to the sensing operation. For example, the base station can configure / instruct the terminal information about the mode of the sensing operation (e.g., based on the six types of modes described above), the subject of the sensing operation (e.g., sensing transmitter, sensing receiver), the resource of the sensing operation (e.g., sensing resource as in FIG. 11), the target of utilizing the sensing result (e.g., type of wireless sensing service based on 6G network, trusted third party), channel modeling for sensing (e.g., channel between the base station / terminal and object / environment), etc. For example, the base station can also configure / instruct such information from a network entity at an upper level / layer of the base station.

[0176] For example, the base station and / or the terminal may perform a sensing operation based on the set / instructed information. For example, the base station and / or the terminal may, as a sensing transmitter and / or a sensing receiver, perform procedures such as transmitting a sensing signal, receiving a scattered / reflected signal, deriving sensing data, obtaining a sensing result through processing the sensing data, and providing the sensing result, as in FIG. 9 described above. For example, in the operations of the base station / terminal described herein, the sensing result provided through the sensing operation may be utilized.

[0177]

[0178] Ambient IoT in 3GPP Standard Release 18

[0179] The Ambient Internet of Things (IoT) has recently attracted significant attention in the wireless communications world. By reducing the size, complexity, and power consumption of IoT devices and enabling the installation and connection of hundreds of billions or even trillions of IoT devices, it can be applied to a wide range of applications.

[0180] For example, active signal generation and / or backscattering may be among the communication technologies considered to achieve low power operation of A-IoT devices.

[0181] For example, backscattering is a technique widely used in radio frequency identification (RFID), allowing devices to communicate with a network by reflecting incident waves after modulating them with information to be transmitted. For example, devices can be powered by the incident RF signal or by stored energy.

[0182] For example, IoT devices can be categorized into various types, such as passive, semi-passive, and active, depending on how they store energy and generate transmission signals. For example, passive devices do not have an energy storage device (e.g., a capacitor) and can communicate based on backscatter communication technology. For example, semi-passive devices have an energy storage device and can communicate using backscatter communication technology with the help of the energy storage device. For example, active devices have an energy storage device and can actively generate signals using active RF components and stored energy to communicate.

[0183] For example, in the present disclosure, the following three types of IoT devices may be considered. For example, Device A may be a device without energy storage and without independent signal generation (e.g., a device that supports backscatter transmission). For example, Device B may be a device with energy storage and without independent signal generation (e.g., a device that supports backscatter transmission). In this case, for example, use of the stored energy may include amplification of the reflected signal. For example, Device C may be a device with energy storage and independent signal generation (e.g., a device with an active RF component for transmission).

[0184] For example, the following basic topologies may be considered to support A-IoT devices in indoor and outdoor scenarios. For example, the basic topologies may include direct connection between a base station and an A-IoT device, connection between a base station, an intermediate node, and an A-IoT device, connection support by auxiliary nodes, and / or connection between terminals and A-IoT devices. The basic topologies proposed in this disclosure are merely examples, and the proposals in this disclosure may be extended / applied to other topologies.

[0185] FIG. 13 illustrates a topology (e.g., Topology 1) in which a base station and an A-IoT device are directly connected, according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 13 can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0186] Referring to FIG. 13, the A-IoT device can communicate directly and bidirectionally with the base station. For example, communication between the base station and the A-IoT device can include A-IoT data and / or signals. For example, the A-IoT data and / or signals can be transmitted or received based on a control channel and / or a data channel (e.g., a shared channel). In the embodiment of FIG. 13, the base station transmitting to the A-IoT device and the base station receiving from the A-IoT device can be different. For example, in the topology 1, the base station and the A-IoT device in a micro-cell environment can perform direct communication with each other. For example, the base station can be located at a co-site with a base station equipped with an existing 3GPP technology.

[0187] FIG. 14 illustrates a topology (e.g., Topology 2) in which a base station and an A-IoT device are connected via an intermediate node, according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 14 can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0188] Referring to FIG. 14, an A-IoT device can bidirectionally communicate with an intermediate node between the device and the base station. Here, for example, the intermediate node can be an A-IoT-capable relay, an IAB node, a terminal, a repeater, etc. For example, the intermediate node can transmit A-IoT data and / or signals between the base station and the A-IoT device. For example, the A-IoT data and / or signals can be transmitted or received based on a control channel and / or a data channel (e.g., a shared channel). In the embodiment of FIG. 14, the intermediate node transmitting to the A-IoT device and the intermediate node receiving from the A-IoT device can be different. For example, in the topology 2, an intermediate node can exist between the base station and the A-IoT device in a macro-cell environment. For example, the base station can be located at a co-site with a base station equipped with an existing 3GPP technology. For example, intermediate nodes may be limited to terminals, and intermediate nodes may be located indoors.

[0189] FIG. 15 illustrates a topology (e.g., Topology 3) supported by an auxiliary node according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 15 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0190] Referring to (a) of Fig. 15, an auxiliary node may be supported for downlink reception. For example, an A-IoT device may transmit data / signals to a base station, and the A-IoT device may receive data / signals from the auxiliary node. Referring to (b) of Fig. 15, an auxiliary node may be supported for uplink transmission. For example, an A-IoT device may receive data / signals from a base station, and the A-IoT device may transmit data / signals to an auxiliary node. Here, for example, the auxiliary node may be an A-IoT-capable relay, an IAB node, a terminal, a repeater, etc.

[0191] FIG. 16 illustrates a topology (e.g., Topology 4) in which a terminal and an A-IoT device are directly connected, according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 16 can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0192] Referring to FIG. 16, the A-IoT device can communicate bidirectionally with the terminal. For example, communication between the terminal and the A-IoT device may include A-IoT data and / or signals. For example, the A-IoT data and / or signals may be transmitted or received based on a control channel and / or a data channel (e.g., a shared channel).

[0193] For example, transmission by an A-IoT device may be performed over a frequency division duplexing (FDD) spectrum (e.g., an FDD UL spectrum).

[0194]

[0195] Ambient IoT in 3GPP Standard Release 19

[0196] Recently, in 3GPP standard release 19, ambient IoT is being discussed to overcome the limitations of the existing IoT (Internet of Things).

[0197] The device types of A-IoT (ambient IoT) are divided into Type 1 and Type 2 as follows.

[0198] 1) Type 1: It has a maximum power consumption of approximately 1 uW and transmits to the reader by backscattering a CW (carrier wave) provided from an external source (e.g., a reader such as a base station or UE or a separate node).

[0199] 2) Type 2: It has a maximum power consumption of approximately several hundred uW, and transmits to the reader by backscattering CW provided from an external source (e.g., a reader such as a base station or UE, or a separate node) or by using a signal generated internally by itself. In the present disclosure, for convenience, a device type that performs D2R (Device to Reader) transmission through backscattering in device type 2 is defined as Type 2a, and a device type that performs D2R (Device to Reader) transmission through a signal generated internally by itself is defined as Type 2b.

[0200] Additionally, in 3GPP standard release 19, research is being conducted on topology #1, which considers a case where direct communication occurs between a base station in a micro-cell environment and an A-IoT device, and topology #2, which considers a case where an intermediate node exists between a base station in a micro-cell environment and an A-IoT device.

[0201] Additionally, 3GPP assumes that A-IoT communications will occur in the FDD licensed spectrum of FR1, and in particular, transmissions from A-IoT devices can occur at least in the FDD uplink spectrum (UL spectrum).

[0202] Figure 17 is a diagram explaining the energy harvesting operation of an A-IoT device.

[0203] First, referring to (b) of FIG. 17, S1 may be a sleep state, S2 may be an active state, and P1 and P2 may be power consumption in S1 and S2, respectively. For example, the active state may mean a state in which the device consumes power to perform operations such as receiving / transmitting or sensing for communication, and the sleep state may be a state in which it is not an active state.

[0204] Additionally, (a) of Fig. 17 may represent a device energy state corresponding to (b) of Fig. 17. Referring to (a) of Fig. 17, the E1 value and the E2 value may differ depending on the device (type / class), and the device may report information related to the E1 value and / or information related to the E2 value to R and / or the base station as capability parameters. For example, the E2 value may be defined as an energy value in a buffered state, and the E1 value may be defined as a minimum energy value required in an active state.

[0205] For example, a transition from S1 to S2 may be possible only when the device energy state value is E2 or has reached E2. For example, a transition from S1 to S2 may be possible when the device energy state value is greater than E1 (i.e., in the range between E1 and E2). The embodiment of FIG. 17 illustrates an example in which a transition from S1 to S2 is performed when the device energy state value is E2 or has reached E2.

[0206] A-IoT devices may require externally provided CW for backscatter transmission. For example, CW may be used to power A-IoT devices or as CW for downlink transmission, regardless of the transmission mode (e.g., backscatter transmission or internally generated transmission).

[0207] For example, CW waveforms can be supported in various types. For example, the CW waveform type can be a single-tone CW waveform type or a somewhat more complex multi-tone CW waveform type. Single-tone CW can be advantageous over multi-tone CW in terms of the multiplexing capacity of tags or readers and in terms of interference because it uses fewer resources. On the other hand, multi-tone CW, for example, can transmit more energy when transmitting CW in DL, and also has the advantage of securing greater coverage from a single device.

[0208] Considering the advantages of these different CW waveform types, multiple CW waveform types can be supported in the A-IoT system, and the base station / IN / AN / UE can configure the CW waveform type. For example, one or more CW waveform types supported in the A-IoT communication system can be configured / defined in advance, and the base station / IN / AN / UE can select one of the one or more supported CW waveform types and transmit it to the A-IoT device. For example, the base station / IN / AN / UE can configure / instruct / indicate the selected CW waveform type to the A-IoT device in the form of a command / message transmitted as a preamble / frame-sync or payload.

[0209] The methods proposed in this disclosure can be commonly applied to topologies #1 and #2, and the gNB and UE1 as an intermediate node (IN) are referred to as readers. Furthermore, the invention can be extended to cases where a reader receiving a BSS can directly generate and transmit a CW, or where the node transmitting the CW is a separate node from the reader.

[0210] An A-IoT BS (base station) (e.g., a reader) used in the present disclosure may be a gNB in ​​topology #1 and may be a specific UE in topology #2. Furthermore, an A-IoT device (e.g., a tag) used in the present disclosure may be interpreted as an A-IoT device in both topology #1 and / or topology #2.

[0211]

[0212] <A-IoT 통신을 위한 SIC (self-interference cancellation) 동작>

[0213] In the present disclosure, the CW transmitted by the gNB or the IN (intermediate node) may be a CW for energy harvesting (EH) and a CW for backscattering (BSC). In the present disclosure, the CW may be applied to one of the two CWs in a limited manner or may be applied to both CWs in common. For convenience, the CW for EH is referred to as E-CW, and the CW for BSC is referred to as B-CW. In the present disclosure, only the UE is described as an IN for convenience, but the present disclosure may be extended to other types of nodes such as an IAB (Integrated access-backhaul) and an NCR (Network-controlled Repeater).

[0214] Figure 18 illustrates a situation where SIC operation is required in A-IoT topology #1.

[0215] Referring to Figure 18, the gNB transmits CW (for BSC purposes) using frequency resource #A, and the A-IoT device receiving it performs BSC (backscattering) to transmit a BSS (backscattered signal). Since the gNB must receive the BSS from the A-IoT device while transmitting the CW, a SIC (self-interference cancellation) operation may be required.

[0216] Figure 19 illustrates a situation where SIC operation is required in A-IoT topology #2.

[0217] Referring to FIG. 19, UE1, as an IN (Intermediate Node), transmits CW (for BSC purposes) using frequency resource #A, and the A-IoT device that receives it performs BSC (backscattering) to transmit a BSS (backscattered signal). Since UE1 must receive BSS from the A-IoT device while transmitting CW, a SIC (self-interference cancellation) operation may be required.

[0218] At the same time, UE1 may need to transmit an uplink NR signal / channel to the gNB. At this time, depending on the capability of UE1, whether it can simultaneously transmit CW and / or BSS for communication with the A-IoT device and transmit the uplink NR signal / channel may vary. Alternatively, UE1 may need to transmit an A-IoT DL signal to the A-IoT device and simultaneously transmit an uplink NR signal / channel to the gNB. Similarly, in this case, whether it can simultaneously transmit the A-IoT DL signal and the uplink NR signal / channel may vary depending on the capability of UE1. In this way, the collision between the signal transmission and reception for A-IoT communication and the signal transmission for NR communication by UE1 as an IN (Intermediate Node) is called an intra-UE collision or an intra-terminal collision in this disclosure, and methods for handling the intra-UE collision or the intra-terminal collision will be proposed first.

[0219] Meanwhile, in the present disclosure, a collision may be considered not only a direct collision due to simultaneous reception or reception, but also a case where simultaneous transmission occurs within a single slot, for example. More specifically, a collision may also be considered when an NR downlink signal is received in the first two symbols of a single slot and an A-IoT signal is received in the last two symbols 2.

[0220] For convenience of explanation, the UE as an IN (Intermediate Node) may also be referred to as a reader.

[0221]

[0222] As described above, the intra-UE collision in the present disclosure may mean an overlap or collision between a reader (i.e., IN) transmitting and receiving signals for A-IoT communication and a reader transmitting signals for NR communication. Efficient communication can be enabled by the reader setting rules such as which communication to give priority to or to communicate simultaneously in a collision situation between A-IoT communication and NR communication. In the present disclosure, we specifically address intra-UE collision that occurs when a reader receives an NR downlink signal / NR downlink channel in an FDD downlink spectrum.

[0223] For example, a collision may occur between the reception of NR downlink signals / NR downlink channels and the transmission / reception of signals / channels for A-IoT downlink / uplink communications (or R2D / D2R communications) in the same FDD downlink spectrum. It may not be possible for a reader to receive NR downlink signals / NR downlink channels and simultaneously receive signals / channels for A-IoT UL (or D2R) communications in the same spectrum. Additionally, it may not be possible for a reader to receive NR downlink signals / NR downlink channels and simultaneously transmit signals / channels for A-IoT DL (or R2D) communications in the same spectrum.

[0224] As another example, a collision may occur between reception of NR downlink signals / NR downlink channels and reception of signals / channels for A-IoT UL communication (or D2R communication) in the same FDD downlink spectrum or FDD uplink spectrum. Even in different spectrums, it may not be possible for a reader with one RX chain to receive NR downlink signals / NR downlink channels in the downlink spectrum and simultaneously receive signals / channels for A-IoT UL (or D2R) communication.

[0225]

[0226] 1) Definition of set_IoT

[0227] First, from the reader's perspective, it is necessary to define signals / channels for A-IoT downlink / uplink communication (or R2D / D2R communication). The set of these signals / channels is conveniently named set_IoT, and set_IoT may include at least one signal / channel from the following examples. In this disclosure, CW may mean E-CW and / or B-CW unless otherwise specified.

[0228] a) Transmission of CW for EH (energy harvesting) purposes, i.e. E-CW

[0229] A separate UL signal / channel may be defined for E-CW.

[0230] Alternatively, existing NR UL signals / channels (e.g., PUSCH, PUCCH, SRS, PRACH, etc.) can serve as E-CW, and the NR UL signals / channels can be configured / indicated for E-CW use. In this case, to distinguish between existing NR UL signals and E-CW, the base station can tell the reader:

[0231] - Distinguish between existing NR UL signals / channels and E-CW using separate power control parameters (e.g., p0, alpha, closed loop power control index, etc.);

[0232] - Distinguish between existing NR UL signals / channels and E-CW using TCI or spatial relation information related parameters;

[0233] - Distinguishing between existing NR UL signals / channels and E-CW using the priority index value (e.g., setting it to the existing priority index value of 0 or 1, or other values ​​such as -1, 0.5, or 2);

[0234] - In the case of SRS, the resource set index is used, and in the case of CG-PUSCH, the CG configuration index is used to distinguish between the existing NR UL signal / channel and E-CW;

[0235] - Distinguish between existing NR UL signals / channels and E-CW by using CSI report configuration for PUCCH / PUSCH, PUCCH resource set index or PUCCH resource index for PUCCH, and RACH opportunity or preamble index for PRACH;

[0236] - It is also possible to distinguish between existing NR UL signals / channels and E-CW through separate indicators in DCI for uplink scheduling.

[0237] Alternatively, a separate resource pool (i.e., a set of time / frequency resources) may be established, and NR UL signals / channels transmitted within or overlapping the resource pool may be considered as E-CW.

[0238] b) Transmission of CW for BSC (backscattering) purposes, i.e. B-CW

[0239] A separate (UL) signal / channel may be defined for B-CW. Specifically, only one (or more) subcarriers within one or more RBs may carry the B-CW signal. For example, one or more subcarriers within N RBs (or REs) may be utilized for B-CW transmission.

[0240] When a single subcarrier is used for B-CW transmission, it is called unmodulated single tone CW, and when multiple subcarriers are used for B-CW transmission, the B-CW can be called multiple unmodulated single tone CW. In particular, in the case of multiple unmodulated single tone CW, the subcarriers may not be contiguous in the frequency domain.

[0241] Alternatively, existing NR UL signals / channels (e.g., PUSCH, PUCCH, SRS, PRACH, etc.) can serve as B-CW, and the NR UL signals / channels can be configured / indicated to be for B-CW use. In this case, to distinguish between existing NR UL signals and B-CW, the base station can instruct the reader:

[0242] - Distinguish between existing NR UL signals / channels and B-CW using separate power control parameters (e.g., p0, alpha, closed loop power control index, etc.);

[0243] - Distinguish between existing NR UL signals / channels and B-CW using TCI or spatial relation information related parameters;

[0244] - Distinguishing between existing NR UL signals / channels and B-CW using the priority index value (e.g., setting it to the existing priority index value of 0 or 1, or setting it to other values ​​such as -1, 0.5, or 2);

[0245] - In the case of SRS, the resource set index is used, and in the case of CG-PUSCH, the CG configuration index is used to distinguish between the existing NR UL signal / channel and B-CW;

[0246] - In the case of PUCCH / PUSCH, the CSI report configuration is used, in the case of PUCCH, the PUCCH resource set index or PUCCH resource index is used, and in the case of PRACH, the RACH opportunity or preamble index is used to distinguish between the existing NR UL signal / channel and B-CW;

[0247] - It is also possible to distinguish between existing NR UL signals / channels and B-CW through separate indicators in DCI for uplink scheduling.

[0248] Alternatively, a separate resource pool (i.e., a set of time / frequency resources) may be established, and NR UL signals / channels transmitted within or overlapping the resource pool may be considered as B-CW.

[0249] c) Reception of BSS (Backscattered signal)

[0250] In response to (B-)CW transmitted by a reader or a separate node, the A-IoT device performs backscattering (BSC) to transmit BSS, and the reader can receive the BSS.

[0251] d) Transmission of A-IoT DL signals / channels

[0252] The reader can transmit DL signals / channels to A-IoT devices for purposes such as inventory, command, positioning, and proximity services. The DL signals / channels can be divided into preamble / midamble / postamble parts for synchronization purposes and a payload (and CRC) part carrying the message.

[0253] The preamble may be composed of a start indicator part and / or a clock / time acquisition part. The start indicator part may serve as a signal indicating the start of a PRDCH, and the clock acquisition part may serve as a time / frequency synchronization performance for receiving a subsequent PRDCH.

[0254] A midamble can be inserted into the middle of a PRDCH to aid in time / frequency synchronization when receiving a PRDCH. Furthermore, a postamble can be inserted at the end of a PRDCH to aid in time / frequency synchronization when receiving a PRDCH or to signal the end of the PRDCH.

[0255] From the reader's perspective, it may be necessary to determine the priority level between signals / channels belonging to set_IoT for A-IoT DL and UL communications, and this may be determined by one or a combination of the following methods. In this disclosure, it is assumed that a lower priority level indicates a higher priority, but conversely, a higher priority level may indicate a higher priority.

[0256] - Priority levels for each signal / channel can be defined in advance. For example, a rule can be determined as follows: priority level for A-IoT DL signal / channel < priority level for E-CW < priority levels for B-CW and BSS. For another example, a rule can be determined such that the priority level for E-CW is the highest. And a rule can be determined such that signals / channels belonging to the remaining set_IoT have a lower priority level than E-CW, or a rule can be determined such that signals / channels belonging to the remaining set_IoT have a lower priority level than E-CW but have the same priority level.

[0257] Even for the same signal / channel, the priority level may be different depending on the situation / scenario / traffic type, etc. For example, if the energy of A-IoT devices is sufficiently harvested, the priority level for E-CW may be high. As another example, the priority level for (B-CW transmission and) BSS reception may be low during the random access process of A-IoT devices. For A-IoT DL signals / channels, the priority level may be high if unicast to a specific A-IoT device, and the priority level may be low if multicast and / or broadcast to multiple A-IoT devices. For A-IoT DL signals / channels, the preamble / midamble / postamble parts may have a low priority level, and the payload (and CRC) part may have a high priority level.

[0258] - Alternatively, the base station can set priority levels for each signal / channel. For example, the base station can set priority level=0 for A-IoT DL signal / channel, priority level=1 for E-CW, priority level=2 for B-CW, and priority level=3 for BSS.

[0259] Even for the same signal / channel, the base station can set different priority levels depending on the situation / scenario / traffic type, etc. For example, during the random access process of A-IoT devices, the priority level of (B-CW transmission and) BSS reception can be set low, and the priority level of BSS reception containing information requested by the reader or for proximity service and positioning purposes can be set high. As another example, for the A-IoT DL signal / channel, if it is unicast to a specific A-IoT device, it can be set to priority level = 2, and if it is multicast and / or broadcast to multiple A-IoT devices, it can be set to priority level = 0. As yet another example, for the A-IoT DL signal / channel, the preamble / midamble / postamble parts can be set to priority level = 0, and the payload (and CRC) part can be set to priority level = 1.

[0260] - Alternatively, the base station may set / indicate an associated priority level while setting / indicating a set_IoT resource. For example, a resource pool corresponding to set_IoT (or specific signal / channel(s) belonging to set_IoT) may be set / indicated while setting / indicating a priority level. Signals / channels belonging to set_IoT transmitted / received through the resource pool (or through resources overlapping with the resource pool) may have the set / indicated priority level. As another example, if the resource is a dynamically set resource, the priority level may be low, and if it is a semi-statically set resource, the priority level may be high.

[0261] - Depending on the topology or role of the reader, the priority level of each signal / channel belonging to set_IoT can be defined or set / indicated differently. For example, when there is reader #1 with the role of {CW transmission, R2D transmission}, reader #2 with the role of {D2R reception}, reader #3 with the role of {CW transmission, R2D transmission, D2R reception}, and reader #4 with the role of {R2D transmission, D2R reception}, the priority level can be defined / set / indicated differently for each reader even for the same signal / channel belonging to set_IoT.

[0262]

[0263] 2) Definition of set_NR

[0264] Next, from the reader's perspective, a set of NR downlink signals / NR downlink channels is conveniently named set_NR, and at least one signal / channel among SSB, PDCCH, PDSCH, CSI-RS, and PRS may belong to set_NR.

[0265] Some of the above set_NRs may always have higher priority than the signals / channels belonging to set_IoT, and these NR downlink signals / NR downlink channels are defined as set_NR_HIGH. In addition, the remaining NR downlink signals / NR downlink channels except for set_NR_HIGH among the set_NRs are defined as set_NR_LOW. For example, at least one signal / channel among the signals / channels as shown in Table 1 below may belong to set_NR_HIGH.

[0266] - SSB- PDCCH transmitted over a common search space (e.g., DCI scrambled by SI-RNTI, G-RNTI, P-RNTI, RA-RNTI, MsgB RNTI, TC-RNTI or PEI-RNTI) and / or PDSCH scheduled over the PDCCH- Group-common DCI (e.g., DCI format 2_X)- PDCCH transmitted over a UE-specific search space (e.g., DCI format X_0)- CSI-RS (e.g., CSI-RS for tracking, beam failure detection, radio link failure (RLF), mobility or CQI acquisition)- PRS (Positioning RS)- PDSCH carrying DL data with high priority:

[0267] In Table 1 above, high priority DL data (DL data with high priority) may mean that the traffic corresponding to the DL data has a high importance or a high QoS level, and may mean that the priority related to LCP (logical channel prioritization) is set high.

[0268]

[0269] 3) Report on the simultaneous transmission and reception performance of the reader

[0270] The reader can report whether it can simultaneously transmit (or receive, or transmit and receive) for set_IoT and receive for set_NR through capability signaling. For convenience, the reader's capabilities are distinguished by case in this disclosure. However, the reader can report whether it can simultaneously perform all three cases below, or it can report whether it can simultaneously perform some cases and separately report whether it can perform simultaneously for the remaining cases.

[0271] Case 1

[0272] First, in Case 1, we assume that set_NR is received in the same spectrum and set_IoT is received simultaneously. That is, set_NR is received in the downlink spectrum and set_IoT is received in the downlink spectrum simultaneously.

[0273] - If the reader can perform reception for set_IoT and reception for set_NR simultaneously, the reader can perform reception for both set_IoT and set_NR.

[0274] However, if there is an overlap between the frequency region for set_NR reception and the frequency region for set_IoT reception, set_NR may not be received if set_IoT is selected according to the [priority rule] described below (for the frequency region with the overlap), and if set_NR is selected according to the [priority rule] described below, reception for set_IoT may not be performed.

[0275] If set_IoT reception includes reception of a D2R signal / channel corresponding to a CW transmission composed of multiple subcarriers, and the D2R signal / channel corresponding to the CW transmission of some subcarriers overlaps with set_NR, the reader may not perform reception of the D2R signal / channel corresponding to the CW transmission. In addition, if the D2R signal / channel corresponding to the CW transmission of other subcarriers does not overlap with set_NR, the reader may perform reception of the D2R signal / channel corresponding to the CW transmission.

[0276] Alternatively, when set_IoT reception includes reception of a D2R signal / channel corresponding to a CW transmission composed of one subcarrier and the D2R signal / channel can be symmetrically composed at +X Hz and -X Hz centered on the subcarrier, the D2R signal / channel belonging to +X Hz frequency range A may overlap with set_NR and the D2R signal / channel belonging to -X Hz frequency range B may not overlap with set_NR. In this case, the reader may attempt to decode the D2R signal by not receiving the D2R signal / channel belonging to frequency range A but receiving the D2R signal / channel belonging to frequency range B.

[0277] - If the reader cannot perform reception for set_IoT and reception for set_NR at the same time, it may not perform reception for set_NR when set_IoT is selected, and may not perform reception for set_IoT when set_NR is selected, according to the [priority rules] described below.

[0278] - Considering the amount of interference between set_IoT and set_NR, whether to perform simultaneous operations may be determined based on the size of the guard band (and / or difference in transmit / receive power) between the two signals / channels. If simultaneous operations are possible because the size of the guard band (and / or difference in transmit / receive power) between the two signals / channels is greater than a certain threshold, the reader can perform reception for both set_IoT and set_NR. However, if the reader cannot perform reception for set_IoT and set_NR simultaneously because the size of the guard band (and / or difference in transmit / receive power) between the two signals / channels is less than a certain threshold, set_NR may not be received when set_IoT is selected according to the [Priority Rule] described below, and set_NR may not be received when set_IoT is selected.

[0279] Case 2

[0280] Case 2 assumes that set_NR is received and set_IoT is transmitted simultaneously in the same spectrum. That is, set_NR is received in the downlink spectrum and set_IoT is transmitted in the downlink spectrum simultaneously.

[0281] - If the reader can perform transmission for set_IoT and reception for set_NR simultaneously, the reader can perform both transmission for set_IoT and reception for set_NR. In this case, the ability to perform transmission for set_IoT and reception for set_NR simultaneously may be possible only when there is no NR transmission in a spectrum other than the corresponding spectrum (e.g., FDD uplink spectrum). On the other hand, if the reader cannot perform transmission for set_IoT and reception for set_NR simultaneously, set_NR may not be received when set_IoT is selected according to the [priority rules] described below, and set_IoT may not be transmitted when set_NR is selected.

[0282] - Whether to perform simultaneous operations can be determined based on the size of the guard band (and / or transmit / receive power difference) between the two signals / channels, taking into account the amount of interference between set_IoT and set_NR.

[0283] If simultaneous execution is possible because the guard band (and / or transmit / receive power difference) size between the two signals / channels is greater than a certain threshold, the reader can perform both transmission for set_IoT and reception for set_NR.

[0284] Alternatively, if the reader cannot simultaneously perform transmission for set_IoT and reception for set_NR due to the reason that it is below a certain threshold, set_NR may not be received when set_IoT is selected, and transmission for set_IoT may not be performed when set_NR is selected, according to the [priority rules] described below.

[0285] Case 3

[0286] Finally, Case 3 assumes that set_NR is received in different spectrums and set_IoT is received simultaneously. That is, set_NR is received in the downlink spectrum and set_IoT is received in the uplink spectrum simultaneously.

[0287] - If the reader can perform reception for set_IoT and reception for set_NR simultaneously, the reader can perform reception for both set_IoT and set_NR.

[0288] - If the reader cannot perform reception for set_IoT and reception for set_NR at the same time, it may not perform reception for set_NR when set_IoT is selected, and may not perform reception for set_IoT when set_NR is selected, according to the [priority rules] described below.

[0289]

[0290] When there is a conflict between set_IoT transmission / reception and set_NR reception at a specific point in time, one or more signals / channels can be selected through one or a combination of the [Priority Rules] described below. Basically, the principle of the [Priority Rules] described below is to give the highest priority to the NR downlink signal / NR downlink channel (if any), and in other cases, if there is an A-IoT signal / channel with a high priority, the A-IoT signal / channel is given priority, otherwise the NR downlink signal / NR downlink channel is given priority. In the [Priority Rules] described below, set_IoT refers to a signal / channel for A-IoT communication to be transmitted and received by the reader at that point in time, set_NR refers to a signal / channel for NR communication to be received by the reader at that point in time, and set_NR_HIGH refers to a signal / channel with a high priority among the signals / channels for NR communication to be received by the reader at that point in time.

[0291] When two or more of the [Priority Rules] below apply simultaneously, the rule priority may be determined by application order. For example, when rules i) and iv) apply, i) is applied first, and then iv) is applied to the remaining signals / channels.

[0292]

[0293] [Priority Rules]

[0294] i) If there is a signal / channel belonging to set_NR_HIGH, select set_NR.

[0295] ii) If there is a signal / channel that the reader must transmit among the signals / channels belonging to set_IoT, select set_IoT (or set_NR). Alternatively, the base station can set which of set_IoT or set_NR to select at this time.

[0296] iii) If there is a signal / channel that the reader should receive among the signals / channels belonging to set_IoT, select set_IoT (or set_NR). Alternatively, the base station can set which of set_IoT or set_NR to select at this time.

[0297] iv) A threshold for a priority level may be defined in advance or may be set by the base station, and if there is set_IoT (or set_NR) transmission / reception corresponding to a priority level value lower than (or below) the threshold, set_IoT (or set_NR) may be selected, otherwise set_NR (or set_IoT) may be selected. At this time, the threshold for the priority level may be a value commonly applied to signals / channels belonging to set_IoT (or set_NR), or may be a value that may be defined / set differently depending on the signal / channel. If it is defined / set differently depending on the signal / channel, the reader may compare the priority level and threshold value according to each signal / channel.

[0298] v) If there is a PDSCH with a priority index of 1 set / indicated among the signals / channels belonging to set_NR, set_NR is selected.

[0299] Or, at this time, a (separate) threshold for the priority level can be defined in advance or set by the base station, and if there is set_IoT transmission / reception corresponding to a priority level value lower than (or below) the threshold, set_IoT can be selected, otherwise set_NR can be selected. At this time, the threshold for the priority level can be a value commonly applied to signals / channels belonging to set_IoT, or a value that can be defined / set differently depending on the signal / channel. If it is defined / set differently depending on the signal / channel, the reader can compare the priority level and threshold value according to each signal / channel.

[0300] vi) When there is no signal / channel belonging to set_NR_HIGH, the base station can set whether to select set_IoT or set_NR.

[0301] vii) Transmission and reception for set_NR and set_IoT are not performed during the configured measurement gap period. Alternatively, even within the configured measurement gap period, if a specific measurement gap setting can be invalidated through MAC CE / DCI, etc., the above i) to vi) may be applied to the corresponding measurement gap.

[0302]

[0303] We would like to propose several embodiments applying the above-described [priority rule].

[0304] - If the reader cannot perform transmission (or reception, or transmission and reception) for set_IoT and reception for set_NR at the same time, and at a certain point in time, there is SSB reception belonging to set_NR_HIGH and transmission and reception of any signal / channel belonging to set_IoT, the reader selects set_NR_HIGH, performs SSB reception, and drops (or does not perform transmission and reception) of any signal / channel belonging to set_IoT.

[0305] - If the reader cannot perform transmission (or reception, or transmission and reception) for set_IoT and reception for set_NR at the same time, and at a certain point in time, there is reception of PDSCH that does not belong to set_NR_HIGH and reception of BSS (or PDRCH) that belongs to set_IoT, the reader can receive PDSCH or BSS (or PDRCH) according to a predefined rule or based on base station settings.

[0306] - If the reader cannot perform transmission (or reception, or transmission and reception) for set_IoT and reception for set_NR at the same time, and there is reception of PDCCH that does not belong to set_NR_HIGH and reception of A-IoT DL (or PDRCH) that belongs to set_IoT at a certain point in time, the reader compares a threshold value (e.g., 3) for a predefined or set priority level with a priority level value (e.g., 2) determined for the A-IoT DL reception, and if the priority level value of the A-IoT DL reception is less than the threshold value, performs A-IoT reception and drops (or does not receive) the PDCCH. Alternatively, the reader may receive the PDCCH or the A-IoT DL according to a predefined rule or based on base station configuration.

[0307]

[0308] Additionally, if a reader needs to transmit or receive on another signal / channel while transmitting or receiving on a specific signal / channel, a priority rule may be required between the signal / channel currently being transmitted or received and the signal / channel that will require transmission or reception later. In this case, the following priority rules may be considered, and all or part of the following rules may also be included in the [Priority Rules] described above.

[0309] - Regardless of whether it belongs to set_IoT or set_NR, the signal / channel that is being transmitted / received first (or that will need to be transmitted / received later) may be given priority. Alternatively, the base station may set which signal / channel has higher priority between the signal / channel that is being transmitted / received first and the signal / channel that will need to be transmitted / received later.

[0310] - It may differ depending on the progress of the signal / channel that is being transmitted / received first (belonging to set_IoT and / or set_NR). For example, if transmission / reception has already been in progress for X ms or Y slots (or the number of symbols for A-IoT signals), the signal / channel that is being transmitted / received first will be given priority, otherwise, the signal / channel that will need to be transmitted / received later may be given priority.

[0311] - First, when performing cancellation of an ongoing signal / channel or determining the chronological relationship between the transmission and reception of a signal / channel, the multiplexing / processing timeline of the reader may be taken into consideration.

[0312] - If there is a signal / channel belonging to set_NR_HIGH, the signal / channel is given priority, and if there is no signal / channel belonging to set_NR_HIGH, the above methods can be applied.

[0313]

[0314] If a time axis overlap occurs between one or more set_IoT signals / channels and one or more set_NRs, the reader can perform transmission and reception for the set_IoT signals / channels if at least one set_IoT signal / channel has priority over all set_NRs. On the other hand, the reader can perform reception for the set_NR signals / channels if at least one set_NR signal / channel has priority over all set_IoTs.

[0315] When a specific signal / channel belonging to set_IoT is dropped by applying this method, signals / channels belonging to other set_IoTs linked to the signal / channel may also be dropped. For example, if a D2R transmission is dropped by applying this method, (B-)CW to be transmitted thereafter may also be dropped without being transmitted.

[0316] As described above, when a reader can transmit an A-IoT signal / channel at time point #A and receive an arbitrary signal / channel at time point #B, it may be difficult to implement that time points #A and #B are sequentially arranged. Considering this, a series of gap times may be defined between time points #A and #B. The reader can complete transmitting a signal / channel for A-IoT at time point #A and receive an arbitrary signal / channel at time point #B at least after the gap time. Conversely, the reader can complete receiving an arbitrary signal / channel at time point #A and transmit a signal / channel for A-IoT at time point #B at least after the gap time. A gap time may also be required if the numerology for the A-IoT signal / channel and the numerology for the NR downlink signal / NR downlink channel are different or there is a large difference between frequency bands. In this case, the reader can complete reception of the signal / channel for A-IoT at time point #A, and receive the NR downlink signal / NR downlink channel at time point #B at least after the gap time. Conversely, the reader can complete reception of the NR downlink signal / NR downlink channel at time point #A, and receive the signal / channel for A-IoT at time point #B at least after the gap time.

[0317] For example, if a reader performs NR downlink signal / NR downlink channel reception in an FDD downlink spectrum and performs signal / channel reception for A-IoT in an FDD uplink spectrum, a gap time (for frequency tuning or large frequency shift) may be defined between the two transmissions. In this case, when the reader receives an NR downlink signal / NR downlink channel at time point #A and receives an A-IoT signal / channel at time point #B, or conversely, when the reader receives an A-IoT signal / channel at time point #A and receives an NR UL signal / channel at time point #B, if the gap between time points #A and #B is shorter than the gap time, the [priority rule] above may be applied to the associated set_NR and set_IoT so that a signal / channel with a higher priority may be received, and a signal / channel with a lower priority may be dropped (i.e., not received).

[0318]

[0319] FIG. 20 illustrates an example of a reader transmitting and receiving signals according to the present disclosure.

[0320] Referring to FIG. 20, at step 2001, the base station can set a threshold for a priority level to the reader.

[0321] Thereafter, when a collision occurs between the reader receiving an NR downlink signal / NR downlink channel (e.g., PDSCH) and an A-IoT uplink signal / channel (either in the downlink spectrum or the uplink spectrum) at a certain point in time, and the reader is not capable of simultaneous transmission, the reader compares the priority level of the A-IoT uplink signal / channel with a threshold for the configured priority level, as in step 2002.

[0322] If the priority level of the A-IoT uplink signal / channel is higher than or equal to the threshold for the priority level, i.e., the priority of the A-IoT uplink signal / channel is lower than the priority corresponding to the priority level, the reader can receive the NR downlink signal / channel at that time, as in step S2003.

[0323] On the other hand, if the priority level of the A-IoT uplink signal / channel is less than the threshold for the priority level, i.e., if the priority of the A-IoT uplink signal / channel is higher than the priority corresponding to the priority level, the reader receives the A-IoT uplink signal / channel at that time, as in step S2004.

[0324] FIG. 21 is a flowchart illustrating operations performed by a reader according to the present disclosure.

[0325] Referring to FIG. 21, in step S2101, the reader transmits capability information related to communication of an A-IoT (Ambient-IoT) device to a BS (Base station).

[0326] Next, in step S2102, the reader receives scheduling information related to a first reception from the BS. Here, the first reception from the BS includes reception of a physical downlink channel (PDSCH) from the base station.

[0327] In FIG. 21, the reader can confirm or detect that the first reception from the BS and the second reception from the ambient IoT device or the transmission to the ambient IoT device overlap in time, as in step S2103.

[0328] Here, the second reception from the A-IoT device includes receiving a PDRCH (Physical Device to Reader Channel) from the A-IoT device, and the transmission to the A-IoT device includes transmitting a PRDCH (Physical Reader to Device Channel) to the A-IoT device.

[0329] In this case, the reader may perform at least one of the first reception from the BS, the second reception from the A-IoT device, or the transmission to the A-IoT device based on the simultaneous transmission performance of the reader and the priority of the first reception from the BS and the priority of the second reception from the A-IoT device, as in step S2104. To this end, the reader may receive priority information related to the first reception from the BS, the second reception from the A-IoT device, and the transmission to the A-IoT device from the BS.

[0330] Specifically, if the reader does not support a simultaneous reception function (e.g., if the performance information does not indicate a simultaneous reception function of the reader), the lower priority transmission among the first reception from the BS and the second reception from the A-IoT device may be dropped.

[0331] On the other hand, if the reader supports a simultaneous reception function (e.g., if the performance information indicates a simultaneous reception performance of the reader), the first reception from the BS and the second reception from the A-IoT device can be performed simultaneously.

[0332]

[0333] According to the present disclosure, efficient communication can be achieved by setting rules for which communication to prioritize or to communicate simultaneously in a conflict situation between A-IoT communication and NR communication for one reader.

[0334]

[0335] The embodiments described above are combinations of components and features of the present disclosure in a predetermined form. Each component or feature should be considered optional unless explicitly stated otherwise. Each component or feature may be implemented without being combined with other components or features. Furthermore, it is also possible to form embodiments of the present disclosure by combining some components and / or features. The order of operations described in the embodiments of the present disclosure may be changed. Some components or features of one embodiment may be included in another embodiment or may be replaced with corresponding components or features of another embodiment. It is self-evident that claims that do not have an explicit citation relationship in the patent claims may be combined to form embodiments or incorporated as new claims through post-application amendments.

[0336] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present disclosure may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. Therefore, the above detailed description should not be construed as limiting in any respect, but rather as illustrative. The scope of the present disclosure should be determined by a reasonable interpretation of the appended claims, and all modifications within the scope of equivalents of the present disclosure are intended to be included within the scope of the present disclosure.

[0337] The present disclosure may be used in a terminal, base station, or other equipment of a wireless mobile communication system.

Claims

1. In a method performed by UE (User Equipment), A step of transmitting capability information related to communication of an ambient IoT (Internet of Things) device to a base station; and A step of receiving scheduling information related to a first reception from the base station from the base station; and A method comprising: performing at least one of the first reception from the base station, the second reception from the ambient IoT device, or the transmission to the ambient IoT device based on a temporal collision between the first reception from the base station and the second reception from the ambient IoT device or the transmission to the ambient IoT device; method.

2. In paragraph 1, The first reception from the base station includes reception of a physical downlink channel from the base station, method.

3. In paragraph 1, The second reception from the ambient IoT device includes receiving a PDRCH (Physical Device to Reader Channel) from the ambient IoT device, The transmission to the ambient IoT device includes a PRDCH (Physical Reader to Device Channel) transmission to the ambient IoT device. method.

4. In paragraph 1, Based on the performance information and the priority of the first reception from the base station, the priority of the second reception from the ambient IoT device, and the priority of the transmission to the ambient IoT device, performing one of the first reception from the base station, the second reception from the ambient IoT device, and the transmission to the ambient IoT device. method.

5. In paragraph 1, Further comprising the step of receiving priority information related to a first reception from the base station, a second reception from the ambient IoT device, and a transmission to the ambient IoT device from the base station. method.

6. In paragraph 1, If the gap between the first time point of the first reception from the base station and the second time point of the second reception from the ambient IoT device or the transmission to the ambient IoT device is less than or equal to a threshold, the first reception from the base station and the second reception from the ambient IoT device or the transmission to the ambient IoT device are considered to be temporally conflicting. method.

7. In paragraph 1, Based on the fact that the first reception from the base station and the second reception from the ambient IoT device or the transmission to the ambient IoT device collide in time, the reception or transmission in progress at the time of collision among the first reception from the base station, the second reception from the ambient IoT device or the transmission to the ambient IoT device has the highest priority. method.

8. As a UE (User Equipment) in a wireless communication system, at least one processor; and At least one computer memory storing instructions that, when executed by said at least one processor, cause said reader to perform operations, said operations comprising: A step of transmitting capability information related to communication of an ambient IoT (Internet of Things) device to a base station; and A step of receiving scheduling information related to a first reception from the base station from the base station; and A method comprising: performing at least one of the first reception from the base station, the second reception from the ambient IoT device, or the transmission to the ambient IoT device based on a temporal collision between the first reception from the base station and the second reception from the ambient IoT device or the transmission to the ambient IoT device; UE.

9. In paragraph 8, The first reception from the base station includes reception of a physical downlink channel from the base station, UE.

10. In paragraph 8, The second reception from the ambient IoT device includes receiving a PDRCH (Physical Device to Reader Channel) from the ambient IoT device, The transmission to the ambient IoT device includes a PRDCH (Physical Reader to Device Channel) transmission to the ambient IoT device. UE.

11. In paragraph 8, Based on the performance information and the priority of the first reception from the base station, the priority of the second reception from the ambient IoT device, and the priority of the transmission to the ambient IoT device, performing one of the first reception from the base station, the second reception from the ambient IoT device, and the transmission to the ambient IoT device. UE.

12. In paragraph 8, Further comprising the step of receiving priority information related to a first reception from the base station, a second reception from the ambient IoT device, and a transmission to the ambient IoT device from the base station. UE.

13. In paragraph 8, If the gap between the first time point of the first reception from the base station and the second time point of the second reception from the ambient IoT device or the transmission to the ambient IoT device is less than or equal to a threshold, the first reception from the base station and the second reception from the ambient IoT device or the transmission to the ambient IoT device are considered to be temporally conflicting. UE.

14. In paragraph 8, Based on the fact that the first reception from the base station and the second reception from the ambient IoT device or the transmission to the ambient IoT device collide in time, the reception or transmission in progress at the time of collision among the first reception from the base station, the second reception from the ambient IoT device or the transmission to the ambient IoT device has the highest priority. UE.

15. In a processing device in a wireless communication system, at least one processor; and At least one computer memory storing instructions that, when executed by at least one processor, cause a UE (User Equipment) to perform operations, the operations being: A step of transmitting capability information related to communication of an ambient IoT (Internet of Things) device to a base station; and A step of receiving scheduling information related to a first reception from the base station from the base station; and A method comprising: performing at least one of the first reception from the base station, the second reception from the ambient IoT device, or the transmission to the ambient IoT device based on a temporal collision between the first reception from the base station and the second reception from the ambient IoT device or the transmission to the ambient IoT device; Processing unit.

16. In a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium, The storage medium stores at least one program code that, when executed by at least one processor, causes a UE (User Equipment) to perform operations, the operations comprising: A step of transmitting capability information related to communication of an ambient IoT (Internet of Things) device to a base station; and A step of receiving scheduling information related to a first reception from the base station from the base station; and A method comprising: performing at least one of the first reception from the base station, the second reception from the ambient IoT device, or the transmission to the ambient IoT device based on a temporal collision between the first reception from the base station and the second reception from the ambient IoT device or the transmission to the ambient IoT device; Storage medium.

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