V-shaped halbach permanent magnet rail

Abstract

The present invention relates to the technical field of superconducting magnetic levitation, and in particular relates to a V-shaped Halbach permanent magnet rail. The V-shaped Halbach permanent magnet rail comprises a foundation, a superconducting levitation device, and a permanent magnet rail, and a V-shaped recess is formed in the foundation; the superconducting levitation device is arranged right above the foundation; the permanent magnet rail is arranged between the foundation and the superconducting levitation device, the permanent magnet rail comprises two permanent magnet groups, the two permanent magnet groups are separately obliquely arranged on sidewalls on two sides of the V-shaped recess, and the two permanent magnet groups are arranged in mirror symmetry about a perpendicular bisector of a bottom plate of the V-shaped recess. According to the present invention, larger levitation guide capacity and larger magnetic field gradient can be provided for a high-temperature superconducting pinning maglev train standard. Moreover, according to the invention, given the same levitation performance is achieved, the volume of the required magnet is smaller, and the guide force is better than that of existing rails.

Description

A V-shaped halbach permanent magnet track

[0001] Cross-reference to Related Applications

[0002] The present application claims priority to the Chinese patent application No. 202410427708.9 filed on April 10, 2024, and entitled "A V-shaped halbach permanent magnet track", the content of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. TECHNICAL FIELD

[0003] The present application relates to the technical field of superconducting magnetic levitation, in particular to a V-shaped halbach permanent magnet track. BACKGROUND

[0004] In the construction of high-temperature superconducting pinning magnetic levitation system, a large number of permanent magnet tracks need to be laid along the line. As the existing track magnetic material neodymium iron boron permanent magnet is made of rare earth material, its price is high, and the cost of magnetic track accounts for more than 70% of the total cost. The high cost and the unsatisfactory performance become a difficult problem that needs to be solved urgently. In addition, in the suspension system of pinning magnetic levitation, the suspension performance depends on the magnetic field gradient experienced by the high-temperature superconducting bulk material during movement on the one hand, and the track needs to provide as large a magnetic field as possible on the other hand. Therefore, a device is needed to reduce the cost of the track and adjust the magnetic field gradient experienced by the high-temperature superconducting bulk material during movement, so as to improve the performance of the track. SUMMARY

[0005] The present application aims to provide a V-shaped halbach permanent magnet track to improve the above problems. In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the present application is as follows:

[0006] The present application provides a V-shaped halbach permanent magnet track, comprising a foundation, a superconducting suspender and a permanent magnet track, wherein the foundation is provided with a V-shaped groove; the superconducting suspender is arranged directly above the foundation; the permanent magnet track is arranged between the foundation and the superconducting suspender, and comprises two permanent magnet groups, wherein each of the two permanent magnet groups is arranged obliquely on the side wall of the V-shaped groove, and the two permanent magnet groups are arranged in mirror symmetry along the median line of the bottom plate of the V-shaped groove.

[0007] Optionally, the superconducting suspender comprises a low-temperature container and a high-temperature superconducting bulk material, wherein the low-temperature container and the high-temperature superconducting bulk material are arranged in a V-shaped structure, the low-temperature container is arranged directly above the permanent magnet track, the high-temperature superconducting bulk material is arranged in the low-temperature container, the side walls of the high-temperature superconducting bulk material are arranged in parallel with the permanent magnet track, and the bottom of the high-temperature superconducting bulk material is arranged in parallel with the horizontal plane.

[0008] Optionally, at least three permanent magnets are arranged in each of the permanent magnet groups, and the number of permanent magnets in each of the permanent magnet groups is an odd number greater than or equal to three, and the sizes of the permanent magnets are the same.

[0009] Optionally, the magnetization directions of the permanent magnets are arranged in a halbach array, and the magnetization directions of two adjacent permanent magnets are different by 90 degrees.

[0010] Optionally, the magnetization directions of the two permanent magnets close to the bottom plate of the V-shaped groove of the permanent magnet group are parallel to the foundation.

[0011] Optionally, the permanent magnet track further comprises fixing blocks, each of the fixing blocks is provided with two groups, each group of the fixing blocks is provided with two fixing blocks, the fixing blocks are fixedly arranged at two ends of the permanent magnet group, and the minimum distance between the two fixing blocks adjacent to the median line of the bottom plate of the V-shaped groove is less than the width of one of the permanent magnets.

[0012] Optionally, the material of the fixing blocks is a non-magnetic steel plate.

[0013] Optionally, the bottom of the superconducting suspender is arranged parallel to the horizontal plane, and the width of the bottom of the superconducting suspender is greater than 0.9 times the minimum distance between the two adjacent fixing blocks.

[0014] Optionally, the angle between the permanent magnet track and the horizontal plane is greater than or equal to 10 degrees and less than or equal to 45 degrees.

[0015] Optionally, the width-to-height ratio of the permanent magnet is greater than or equal to 0.5 and less than or equal to 2.

[0016] The present application has the following beneficial effects:

[0017] The present application has the following beneficial effects:

[0018] Other features and advantages of the present application will be set forth in the following description, and in part will be apparent from the description, or can be learned by practice of the application. The objects and other advantages of the present application will be realized and attained by the structure particularly pointed out in the written description and claims hereof as well as the appended drawings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0019] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced as follows. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some of the embodiments of the present application, and therefore should not be considered as a limitation to the scope. For those skilled in the art, other related drawings can also be obtained without creative labor on the basis of these drawings.

[0020] Fig. 1 is a structural schematic diagram of a V-shaped halbach permanent magnetic track according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0021] Fig. 2 is a magnetic field distribution schematic diagram of the V-shaped halbach permanent magnetic track according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0022] Fig. 3 is a guiding performance improvement schematic diagram of the V-shaped halbach permanent magnetic track according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0023] Fig. 4 is a levitation performance improvement schematic diagram of the V-shaped halbach permanent magnetic track according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0024] Marked in the figure: 1, foundation; 2, permanent magnetic track; 21, permanent magnet; 22, fixed block; 3, superconducting suspender; 31, low-temperature container; 32, high-temperature superconducting bulk material. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present application more clear, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application will be described clearly and completely below in combination with the drawings of the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are some of the embodiments of the present application, but not all of the embodiments. The components of the embodiments of the present application described and shown in the drawings herein can be arranged and designed in various different configurations. Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present application provided in the drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed present application, but only represents selected embodiments of the present application. Based on the embodiments of the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor are within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0026] It should be noted that similar reference numbers and letters represent similar items in the following drawings, so once an item is defined in one drawing, it does not need to be further defined and explained in subsequent drawings. Meanwhile, in the description of the present application, the terms "first", "second", etc. are only used to distinguish the description, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0027] Embodiment 1

[0028] As shown in FIG. 1, FIG. 2, FIG. 3 and FIG. 4, the present embodiment provides a V-shaped halbach permanent magnetic track, comprising: a foundation 1, a superconducting suspender 3 and a permanent magnetic track 2, the foundation 1 is provided with a V-shaped groove; the superconducting suspender 3 is arranged directly above the foundation 1; the permanent magnetic track 2 is arranged between the foundation 1 and the superconducting suspender 3, the permanent magnetic track 2 comprises two permanent magnet groups, both of the two permanent magnet groups are arranged obliquely on the two side walls of the V-shaped groove, and the two permanent magnet groups are arranged in mirror symmetry along the median line of the bottom plate of the V-shaped groove.

[0029] The present application sets the V-shaped groove on the foundation 1, and arranges the permanent magnetic track 2 obliquely on the V-shaped groove of the foundation 1, which is beneficial to the neatness of the track, and foreign matters are not easy to remain on the track, and the foundation 1 with the V-shaped groove provides better stability, reduces the influence of vibration and shock, and ensures the normal operation of the system, wherein the oblique arrangement and mirror symmetry layout of the permanent magnetic track 2 help to provide a stable magnetic field environment and a larger magnetic field gradient, ensure the smooth movement of the object on the track, and increase the levitation force of the permanent magnetic track 2.

[0030] The superconducting suspender 3 comprises a low-temperature container 31 and a high-temperature superconducting bulk 32, the low-temperature container 31 and the high-temperature superconducting bulk 32 are arranged in a V-shaped structure, the low-temperature container 31 is arranged directly above the permanent magnetic track 2, the high-temperature superconducting bulk 32 is arranged in the low-temperature container 31, the two side walls of the high-temperature superconducting bulk 32 are arranged in parallel with the permanent magnetic track 2, and the bottom of the high-temperature superconducting bulk 32 is arranged in parallel with the horizontal plane.

[0031] The present application arranges the low-temperature container 31 and the high-temperature superconducting bulk 32 in a V-shaped structure, so that under the condition of equal volume of magnets, the present application can provide more accommodation space for the high-temperature superconducting bulk 32 compared with various halbach tracks arranged in a flat manner, which improves the spatial distribution of the magnetic field above the track and increases the magnetic field of the center line of the track, wherein the V-shaped structure of the high-temperature superconducting bulk 32 and the parallel arrangement with the permanent magnetic track 2 help to achieve a stable suspension state and provide high-precision control of the object.

[0032] The permanent magnet group is provided with at least three permanent magnets 21, the number of the permanent magnets 21 in each permanent magnet group is an odd number greater than or equal to three, and each permanent magnet 21 has the same size.

[0033] The present application selects an odd number of permanent magnets 21 and the same size, which helps to ensure the symmetry of the magnetic field distribution on the permanent magnet track 2, and improves the stability and controllability of the system.

[0034] The magnetization directions of the permanent magnets 21 are arranged in the form of a Halbach array, the magnetization directions of adjacent two permanent magnets 21 differ by 90°, and the magnetization direction of the innermost permanent magnet is always parallel to the foundation.

[0035] The arrangement of the Halbach array in the present application helps to improve the magnetic field distribution on the permanent magnet track 2 and improve the suspension and guidance performance of the superconducting suspender, wherein the magnetization directions of adjacent two permanent magnets 21 differ by 90° in order to maximize the characteristics of the Halbach array, so that the magnetic field is more concentrated in the required direction, thereby reducing the leakage of the magnetic field in other directions and improving the utilization rate of the magnetic field.

[0036] The permanent magnet track 2 further comprises a fixed block 22, each group of the fixed block 22 comprises two fixed blocks 22, the fixed blocks 22 are fixedly arranged at both ends of the permanent magnet group, and the minimum distance between the two fixed blocks 22 adjacent to the median line of the bottom plate of the V-shaped groove is less than the width of one permanent magnet 21.

[0037] The present application helps to limit the movement range of the permanent magnet track 2 and improve the stability of the system by arranging the fixed block 22, especially when the system is disturbed externally, the movement of the permanent magnet track 2 is prevented. The minimum distance between the fixed blocks 22 is greater than the width of the permanent magnet 21, which helps to avoid unnecessary friction or interference, thereby reducing the energy loss of the system.

[0038] The material of the fixed block 22 is a non-magnetic steel plate.

[0039] The non-magnetic steel plate of the present application is a material with weak magnetism, which reduces the magnetic field distortion or interference on the permanent magnet track 2. In addition, the use of non-magnetic material helps to ensure that the fixed block 22 does not introduce additional magnetic field during movement, thereby maintaining the uniformity of the magnetic field on the permanent magnet track 2 and reducing the eddy current loss.

[0040] The bottom of the superconducting suspender 3 is arranged parallel to the horizontal plane, and the width of the bottom of the superconducting suspender 3 is greater than 0.9 times the minimum distance between adjacent two fixed blocks 22.

[0041] The application can effectively avoid collision with the fixed blocks 22 during movement, improve the safety and reliability of the system, and can make the superconducting suspender 3 located at the position of the maximum magnetic field gradient, thereby providing greater suspension and guidance capacity for the high-temperature superconducting pinning magnetic levitation train system.

[0042] The angle between the permanent magnetic track 2 and the horizontal plane is greater than or equal to 10 degrees and less than or equal to 45 degrees.

[0043] The application can generate greater suspension and guidance capacity than the flat halbach track with equal cross-sectional area, thereby improving the suspension capacity and guidance force stiffness.

[0044] The aspect ratio of the permanent magnet 21 is greater than or equal to 0.5 and less than or equal to 2.

[0045] The application can adjust the aspect ratio according to the suspension and guidance requirements, wherein a large aspect ratio magnet can be selected when a greater guidance force is required, and a small aspect ratio magnet can be selected when a greater suspension force is required, thereby using fewer magnets to provide the same suspension and guidance capacity, and greatly reducing the construction cost of the permanent magnetic track.

[0046] The above is only the preferred embodiment of the application and is not used to limit the application, and the application can have various changes and variations for those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. within the spirit and principle of the application should be included in the protection scope of the application.

[0047] The above is only the specific embodiment of the application, but the protection scope of the application is not limited to this, and any person skilled in the art can easily think of changes or replacements within the technical range disclosed by the application, which should be included in the protection scope of the application. Therefore, the protection scope of the application should be subject to the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A V-type Halbach permanent magnet track, characterized in that: include: A foundation (1), wherein a V-shaped groove is provided on the foundation (1); A superconducting levitator (3), the superconducting levitator (3) being arranged directly above the foundation (1); A permanent magnet track (2), the permanent magnet track (2) being arranged between the foundation (1) and the superconducting levitator (3), the permanent magnet track (2) comprising two permanent magnet groups, the two permanent magnet groups being arranged obliquely on both side walls of the V-shaped groove, and the two permanent magnet groups being arranged in a mirror-symmetrical manner along the perpendicular midline of the bottom plate of the V-shaped groove; The superconducting levitator (3) comprises a low-temperature container (31) and a high-temperature superconducting bulk material (32), wherein the low-temperature container (31) and the high-temperature superconducting bulk material (32) are arranged in a V-shaped structure, the low-temperature container (31) is arranged directly above the permanent magnet track (2), the high-temperature superconducting bulk material (32) is arranged in the low-temperature container (31), the side walls of the high-temperature superconducting bulk material (32) are arranged parallel to the permanent magnet track (2), and the bottom of the high-temperature superconducting bulk material (32) is arranged parallel to the horizontal plane; At least three permanent magnets (21) are provided in the permanent magnet group, the number of permanent magnets (21) in each permanent magnet group is an odd number greater than or equal to three, and each permanent magnet (21) has the same size; The permanent magnet track (2) further comprises a fixed block (22), wherein the fixed block (22) is provided in two groups, each group of the fixed blocks (22) is provided with two blocks, the fixed blocks (22) are fixedly provided at both ends of the permanent magnet group, and the minimum spacing between the two fixed blocks (22) on adjacent sides of the perpendicular midline of the bottom plate of the V-shaped groove is less than the width of one permanent magnet (21); The angle between the permanent magnetic track (2) and the horizontal plane is greater than or equal to 10 degrees and less than or equal to 45 degrees; The aspect ratio of the permanent magnet (21) is greater than or equal to 0.5 and less than or equal to 2.

2. The V-shaped Halbach permanent magnet track according to claim 1, characterized in that: The magnetization directions of the permanent magnets (21) are arranged in a Halbach array, and the magnetization directions of two adjacent permanent magnets (21) differ by 90°.

3. The V-shaped Halbach permanent magnet track according to claim 1, characterized in that: The magnetization directions of the two permanent magnets (21) on the bottom plate of the permanent magnet group close to the V-shaped groove are parallel to the foundation (1).

4. The V-shaped Halbach permanent magnet track according to claim 1, characterized in that: The material of the fixing block (22) is a non-magnetic steel plate.

5. The V-shaped Halbach permanent magnet track according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bottom of the superconducting suspender (3) is arranged parallel to the horizontal plane, and the width of the bottom of the superconducting suspender (3) is greater than 0.9 times the minimum distance between two adjacent fixing blocks (22).

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