Air duct structure, engine, and vehicle

Abstract

A vehicle, comprising an air duct structure or an engine. The engine comprises an air duct structure, and the air duct structure comprises at least one air duct body, at least one valve seat insert, and at least one air duct connecting part. One end of the air duct body is provided with an air duct inlet, and the other end of the air duct body is provided with an air duct throat. The valve seat insert is arranged at the air duct throat. The air duct connecting part is connected between the air duct throat and the valve seat insert, and on the longitudinal section of the air duct connecting part, the side wall contour line at the joint of the air duct connecting part and the valve seat insert is formed as a straight line, or on the longitudinal section of the air duct connecting part, the side wall contour line at the joint of the air duct connecting part and the valve seat insert is formed as an arc line.

Description

Air passage structure, engine and vehicle

[0001] Cross-reference to related applications

[0002] The present application claims priority to the Chinese patent application No. 202420731225.3, filed on April 10, 2024, entitled "Air passage structure, engine and vehicle", the whole content of which is incorporated herein by reference. TECHNICAL FIELD

[0003] The present disclosure relates to the technical field of vehicles, and in particular to an air passage structure, an engine and a vehicle. BACKGROUND

[0004] In the prior art, a reasonable design of the air passage structure of a vehicle engine can have good fuel economy. However, different requirements of the engine have different requirements for the structure of the air passage structure, and the existing air passage structure has a relatively low tumble flow, which cannot meet the needs of the special engine cylinder head.

[0005] DISCLOSURE

[0006] The present disclosure aims to at least solve one of the technical problems existing in the prior art. To this end, a first object of the present disclosure is to provide an air passage structure that can increase the tumble ratio in the engine.

[0007] A second object of the present disclosure is to provide an engine comprising the air passage structure.

[0008] A third object of the present disclosure is to provide a vehicle comprising the air passage structure or the engine.

[0009] According to the air passage structure of the first aspect of the present disclosure, the air passage structure comprises at least one air passage body, one end of the air passage body having an air passage inlet, the other end of the air passage body having an air passage throat; at least one valve seat ring, the valve seat ring being arranged at the air passage throat; and at least one air passage connecting portion, the air passage connecting portion being connected between the air passage throat and the valve seat ring, the side wall profile line at the connection between the air passage connecting portion and the valve seat ring on the longitudinal section of the air passage connecting portion being formed as a straight line; or the side wall profile line at the connection between the air passage connecting portion and the valve seat ring on the longitudinal section of the air passage connecting portion being formed as an arc line.

[0010] According to the air passage structure, the straight line or the arc line of the side wall profile of the air passage connecting portion can reduce flow resistance, guide the airflow in the air passage structure to the valve seat circle and into the cylinder of the engine, reduce the impact of the airflow on the valve seat circle, and avoid the phenomenon of airflow speed reduction and airflow turbulence, so that the air passage structure can be applied to the cylinder head of the engine with higher requirements for tumble ratio.

[0011] In some embodiments, the arc line has a radius R, where the R satisfies: 0≤R≤1mm.

[0012] In some embodiments, the cross-sectional area of the air passage connecting portion gradually increases in a direction from one end of the air passage connecting portion connected to the air passage throat to the other end of the air passage connecting portion connected to the valve seat circle.

[0013] In some embodiments, an included angle between the two side wall profile lines of the air passage connecting portion on the longitudinal section of the air passage connecting portion is α, and the α satisfies: 80°≤α≤110°.

[0014] In some embodiments, the center line of the air passage body is formed as a straight line.

[0015] In some embodiments, an included angle between the center line of the air passage body and a horizontal plane is β, and the β satisfies: 20°≤β≤40°.

[0016] In some embodiments, the air passage connecting portion extends obliquely away from the center line of the air passage body in a direction away from the air passage inlet, and a side surface of the air passage body corresponding to the air passage connecting portion includes a fish belly surface extending first away from the center line of the air passage body and then toward the center line of the air passage body in a direction from the air passage inlet to the air passage throat.

[0017] In some embodiments, the side surface of the air passage body corresponding to the air passage connecting portion includes a first air passage inlet surface, and a profile line of the first air passage inlet surface opposite to the center line of the air passage body is a straight line.

[0018] In some embodiments, the air passage body is a plurality of air passage bodies arranged side by side, and the side surfaces of the one ends of the plurality of air passage bodies are communicated with each other to share the same air passage inlet.

[0019] In some embodiments, the air passage connecting portion extends obliquely towards a direction deviating from the center line of the air passage body in a direction away from the air passage inlet; the connection between two adjacent air passage bodies has a recess on a side of the air passage body corresponding to the side where the air passage connecting portion is located; and / or the connection between two adjacent air passage bodies has a protrusion on a side of the air passage body away from the side where the air passage connecting portion is located.

[0020] In some embodiments, the plane where the air passage inlet is located is perpendicular to the horizontal plane.

[0021] In some embodiments, the cross-sectional area of the air passage inlet is S1, and the cross-sectional area of the valve seat ring is S2, and the S1, S2 satisfy: 1.1≤S1 / S2≤1.3.

[0022] The engine according to the second aspect of the embodiments of the present disclosure comprises the air passage structure described in the above embodiments.

[0023] The vehicle according to the third aspect of the embodiments of the present disclosure comprises the air passage structure or the engine described in the above embodiments.

[0024] Additional aspects and advantages of the present disclosure will be in part apparent and in part pointed out hereinafter. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0025] The above and / or additional aspects and advantages of the present disclosure will become apparent and be readily appreciated from the following description, including the appended drawings, wherein:

[0026] FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an air passage structure according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0027] FIG. 2 is a right view schematic view of an air passage structure according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0028] FIG. 3 is another angle schematic view of an air passage structure according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0029] FIG. 4 is an enlarged schematic view of the P area in FIG. 2.

[0030] FIG. 5 is a schematic view of one embodiment of the M area in FIG. 4.

[0031] FIG. 6 is a schematic view of another embodiment of the M area in FIG. 4.

[0032] FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional schematic view of an engine cylinder head according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0033] FIG. 8 is a schematic block diagram of a vehicle according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0034] FIG9 is another schematic block diagram of a vehicle according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0035] Figure numerals: 100, vehicle; 1, engine; 2, airway structure; 10, airway body; 11, airway inlet; 12, airway throat; 13, ventral surface; 14, first airway inlet surface; 15, avoidance portion; 16, protrusion; 20, valve seat ring; 30, airway connecting portion. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0036] Embodiments of the present disclosure are described in detail below, and the embodiments described with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary.

[0037] The airway structure 2 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is described below with reference to FIG. 1 to FIG. 7 . The airway structure 2 includes at least one airway body 10 , at least one valve seat ring 20 , and at least one airway connecting portion 30 .

[0038] Specifically, as shown in Figures 1 to 6, one end of the airway body 10 has an airway inlet 11, and the other end of the airway body 10 has an airway throat 12. The valve seat 20 is provided at the airway throat 12, and the airway connecting portion 30 is connected between the airway throat 12 and the valve seat 20. In a longitudinal cross-section of the airway connecting portion 30, the sidewall contour line at the connection between the airway connecting portion 30 and the valve seat 20 is formed as a straight line; or in a longitudinal cross-section of the airway connecting portion 30, the sidewall contour line at the connection between the airway connecting portion 30 and the valve seat 20 is formed as an arc.

[0039] In the disclosed embodiment, the contour line of the side wall of the airway connecting portion 30 extending from the airway body 10 toward the valve seat ring 20 along the centerline of the airway connecting portion 30 is a straight line, and the end of the contour line adjacent to the valve seat ring 20 gradually extends in an inclined direction away from the centerline. That is, the airway connecting portion 30 and the valve seat ring 20 adopt a non-rounded design and a straight transition, and the angle between the side wall contour line of the airway connecting portion 30 and the side wall contour line of the valve seat ring 20 is an obtuse angle. Alternatively, the side wall contour line of the airway connecting portion 30 along the axial direction is an arc line, that is, the airway connecting portion 30 and the valve seat ring 20 have a rounded transition. In this embodiment, the side wall contour line of the airway connecting portion 30 is preferably an approximately straight line or a straight line design, so that the airflow entering from the airway inlet 11 can quickly enter the cylinder body through the valve seat ring 20 along the airway connecting portion 30, avoid turbulence in the airflow, and improve the tumble ratio.

[0040] According to the air passage structure 2 of the embodiment of the present disclosure, the side wall profile line of the air passage connecting portion 30 is a straight line or an arc line, which can reduce the flow resistance, guide the airflow in the air passage structure 2 to the valve seat ring 20 and into the cylinder of the engine 1, reduce the impact of the airflow on the valve seat ring 20, and avoid the phenomenon of airflow speed drop and airflow turbulence, so as to meet the flow coefficient of the air passage structure 2 while effectively improving the tumble ratio of the airflow in the air passage structure 2, so that the air passage structure 2 can be applied to the cylinder head of the engine 1 which has higher requirements for the tumble ratio.

[0041] In some embodiments, as shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, the radius of the arc line is R, wherein R satisfies: 0≤R≤1 mm. For example, R=0 mm, that is, the side wall of the connection between the air passage connecting portion 30 and the valve seat ring 20 is a straight line transition. When R>0, the side wall of the connection between the air passage connecting portion 30 and the valve seat ring 20 is a circular arc transition. In this way, the tumble ratio of the air passage structure 2 can be increased, and the air passage structure 2 can be used in the engine 1 including a GDI cylinder head which has higher requirements for the tumble ratio.

[0042] In some embodiments, as shown in FIG. 2, the cross-sectional area of the air passage connecting portion 30 gradually increases in the direction from one end of the air passage connecting portion 30 connected to the air passage throat 12 to the other end of the air passage connecting portion 30 connected to the valve seat ring 20. That is, when the airflow flows into the air passage structure 2 from the air passage inlet 11 of the air passage body 10, flows to the air passage connecting portion 30 through the air passage throat 12, and then flows to the inside of the cylinder from the valve seat ring 20. Along the flow direction of the airflow in the air passage structure 2, the cross-sectional area of the air passage connecting portion 30 gradually increases, the cross-sectional area of one end of the air passage body 10 corresponding to the air passage throat 12 gradually decreases, the resistance of the air passage flow increases, the air passage flow coefficient decreases, the airflow accelerates when flowing through the air passage throat 12, and when flowing through the air passage connecting portion 30, the cross-sectional area of the air passage connecting portion 30 gradually increases, and the side wall profile line of the air passage connecting portion 30 is a straight line or an approximate straight line, which can reduce the flow resistance of the airflow, increase the air passage flow coefficient, meet the air intake, and significantly increase the tumble ratio of the air passage structure 2.

[0043] In some embodiments, as shown in FIG. 4, the included angle between the two side wall profile lines of the air passage connecting portion 30 on the longitudinal section of the air passage connecting portion 30 is α, and α satisfies: 80°≤α≤110°. That is, the included angle between the two opposite side wall profile lines of the air passage connecting portion 30 in the direction of the vertical center line is 80°-110°, and here α=90° is preferred.

[0044] That is, the included angle between the side wall profile line and the center line is 45°. If the included angle between the two side wall profile lines is less than 80°, the inclination angle of the side wall profile line with respect to the center line is smaller, the resistance of the air flow in the air channel is larger, the flow coefficient is reduced, and the tumble ratio of the air channel is smaller, which cannot meet the requirements of a specific cylinder head. If the included angle between the two side wall profile lines is greater than 110°, the inclination angle of the side wall profile line with respect to the center line is larger, the opening of the air channel connecting portion 30 is larger, the air flow cannot flow in the direction of the side wall profile line of the air channel connecting portion 30 when flowing through the air channel connecting portion 30, and turbulence is prone to occur, which affects the tumble ratio of the air channel, so that the size of the tumble ratio formed by the air channel structure 2 has uncertainty.

[0045] Therefore, the included angle between the two side wall profile lines is limited, so that the air channel structure 2 can have a higher tumble ratio, and the engine 1 with the air channel structure 2 has good fuel economy. The tumble ratio refers to the ratio of the cross-sectional efficiency of the air channel connecting portion 30 to the minimum cross-sectional area of the air channel connecting portion 30.

[0046] In some embodiments, the center line of the air channel body 10 is formed as a straight line. The center line of the air channel body 10 being a straight line can effectively reduce the flow resistance of the air flow in the air channel body 10 when the air flow flows through the air channel body 10, increase the flow coefficient, ensure the air intake amount, and further improve the tumble ratio of the air channel structure 2.

[0047] Optionally, in combination with FIG. 2, the included angle between the center line of the air channel body 10 and the horizontal plane is β, and β satisfies: 20°≤β≤40°. After the air channel structure 2 is installed, the included angle between the center line of the air channel body 10 and the horizontal plane is 20°-40°, and the horizontal plane can refer to a plane perpendicular to the plane where the air channel inlet 11 is located. The center line of the air channel body 10 can be an arc.

[0048] In some embodiments, as shown in FIG. 4, in the direction away from the air channel inlet 11, the air channel connecting portion 30 extends obliquely in the direction away from the center line of the air channel body 10. That is, the air channel connecting portion 30 is arranged at one end of the air channel body 10 where the air channel throat 12 is arranged, the center line of the air channel connecting portion 30 forms an included angle with the center line of the air channel body 10, and the air channel connecting portion 30 is arranged obliquely toward the end of the air channel body 10 away from the air channel inlet 11. In the direction from the air channel inlet 11 to the air channel throat 12, the side surface of the air channel body 10 corresponding to the air channel connecting portion 30 includes a fish belly surface 13, which first extends in the direction away from the center line of the air channel body 10 and then extends in the direction close to the center line of the air channel body 10.

[0049] The airway body 10 has a first profile line and a second profile line, the first profile line is located at the upper part of the airway body 10 and extends along the extension direction of the center line, and the second profile line is located at the lower part of the airway body 10 and extends along the extension direction of the center line, and the lower part of the airway body 10 is formed with a fish belly surface 13. In the direction of the airway body 10 from the airway inlet 11 to the airway throat 12, the profile line of the fish belly surface 13 is configured as the second profile line, and the second profile line is first gradually inclined in a direction perpendicular to the center line away from the first profile line, and then inclined toward the first profile line. That is, the radius of curvature of the second profile line first increases and then decreases.

[0050] Therefore, the lower part of the airway body 10 is provided with the fish belly surface 13, that is, the airway body 10 is a fish belly structure, and the airflow is guided to the upper part of the airway structure 2 through the fish belly surface 13 when entering the airway body 10, and enters the airway connecting part 30 from the airway throat 12, thereby increasing the flow rate of the airflow in the airway structure 2, and effectively improving the tumble ratio of the airway structure 2.

[0051] In some embodiments, as shown in FIG. 2, the side surface of the airway body 10 corresponding to the airway connecting part 30 includes a first airway inlet surface 14, and the profile line opposite to the center line of the airway body 10 is a straight line. Therefore, the profile line of the airway body 10 corresponding to the first airway inlet surface 14 is a straight line, that is, the cross-sectional area of the part of the airway body 10 where the first airway inlet surface 14 is located is constant, which can reduce the resistance of the airflow flowing into the airway structure 2, and facilitate guiding the airflow to different airway bodies 10.

[0052] Optionally, as shown in FIG. 1, the airway body 10 is a plurality of airway bodies 10 arranged side by side, and the side surfaces of one end of the plurality of airway bodies 10 are communicated with each other to share the same airway inlet 11. That is, the airway structure 2 has one airway inlet 11 and two airway throats 12, and the airflow enters the airway structure 2 through the airway inlet 11 and then flows out from the two airway throats 12, thereby increasing the flow rate of the airflow inside the airway structure 2.

[0053] In some embodiments, as shown in FIGS. 1-3, the air passage connecting portion 30 extends obliquely in a direction deviating from the center line of the air passage body 10 in a direction away from the air passage inlet 11. The end of the air passage body 10 away from the air passage inlet 11 is obliquely deviated from the center line of the air passage body 10 in a direction toward the air passage connecting portion 30, and the center line of the air passage body 10 and the center line of the air passage connecting portion 30 form an included angle. The connection between the two adjacent air passage bodies 10 has a relief portion 15 on the side of the air passage body 10 where the air passage connecting portion 30 is located. The air passage inlet 11 includes an upper portion of the air passage inlet 11 and a lower portion of the air passage inlet 11, and the relief portion 15 is provided on one side of the upper portion of the air passage inlet 11 to avoid structures such as fuel injection nozzles. Or the connection between the two adjacent air passage bodies 10 has a protruding portion 16 on the side of the air passage body 10 away from the air passage connecting portion 30, so as to increase the cross-sectional area of the air passage inlet 11 and improve the air intake. In this embodiment, the relief portion 15 and the protruding portion 16 are provided at the same time.

[0054] In some embodiments, the plane where the air passage inlet 11 is located is perpendicular to the horizontal plane. For example, after the air passage structure 2 is installed on the cylinder head of the engine 1, the plane where the air passage inlet 11 is located is a vertical plane, which facilitates the connection of the air passage structure 2 with external structures, increases the sealing performance of the connection portion, and simplifies the structure of the connection.

[0055] In some embodiments, the cross-sectional area of the air passage inlet 11 is S1, and the cross-sectional area of the valve seat ring 20 is S2, and S1, S2 satisfy: 1.1≤S1 / S2≤1.3. If the ratio of the cross-sectional areas of the air passage inlet 11 and the valve seat ring 20 is less than 1.1 or 1.3, the tumble ratio of the air passage structure 2 will be reduced. In this embodiment, S1 / S2=1.2, which reduces the flow resistance while enhancing the tumble ratio of the air passage structure 2, optimizes the combustion efficiency, and reduces the knock tendency of the engine 1 provided with the air passage structure 2.

[0056] According to the second aspect of the engine 1 of the present disclosure, the engine 1 comprises the air passage structure 2 in the above-mentioned embodiments.

[0057] According to the engine 1 of the present disclosure, in combination with FIG. 7, the engine 1 comprises a cylinder head and a cylinder body, the air passage structure 2 is arranged in the cylinder head, the cylinder head comprises a plurality of air passage structures 2, and the connection between the air passage body 10 and the air passage connecting portion 30 included in the air passage structure 2 is designed to make the air flow into the cylinder body through the air passage structure 2 and mix with other fluids, and the connection between the air passage body 10 and the air passage connecting portion 30 adopts a straight line transition to avoid a rounded corner design. In combination with the design that the center line of the air passage body 10 is approximately straight, the tumble ratio of the air passage can be greatly improved under the premise that the air passage flow coefficient remains unchanged, the combustion efficiency of the engine 1 is improved, and the power output of the engine 1 is ensured.

[0058] The vehicle 100 according to the third aspect of the embodiments of the present disclosure includes the air passage structure 2 or the engine 1 in the above-described embodiments, as shown in FIG. 8 or FIG. 9.

[0059] The vehicle 100 according to the embodiments of the present disclosure can improve the tumble ratio of the cylinder head of the engine 1 by optimizing the air passage structure 2, so as to make the engine 1 have stronger performance, improve the fuel economy of the vehicle 100, and improve the user experience.

[0060] In the description of the present disclosure, it needs to be understood that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential" and the like are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present disclosure and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present disclosure.

[0061] In the description of the present disclosure, "first feature" and "second feature" can include one or more features. In the description of the present disclosure, the meaning of "a plurality of" is two or more. In the description of the present disclosure, the "above" or "below" of the first feature to the second feature can include that the first and second features are in direct contact, or can include that the first and second features are not in direct contact but are in contact through another feature between them. In the description of the present disclosure, the "above", "over" and "on" of the first feature to the second feature include that the first feature is directly above and obliquely above the second feature, or only means that the first feature is higher than the second feature in horizontal height.

[0062] In the description of the present disclosure, the description with reference to the terms "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "illustrative embodiment", "example", "specific example", or "some examples" and the like means that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in connection with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present disclosure. In the present specification, the illustrative description of the above terms does not necessarily mean the same embodiment or example.

[0063] Although the embodiments of the present disclosure have been shown and described, those skilled in the art can understand that various changes, modifications, replacements and variations can be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirits of the present disclosure, and the scope of the present disclosure is defined by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. An airway structure (2), characterized in that: include: At least one airway body (10), wherein one end of the airway body (10) has an airway inlet (11), and the other end of the airway body (10) has an airway throat (12); at least one valve seat ring (20), the valve seat ring (20) being arranged at the airway throat (12); and at least one airway connecting portion (30), the airway connecting portion (30) being connected between the airway throat (12) and the valve seat ring (20), On a longitudinal cross section of the airway connecting portion (30), a side wall contour line at a connection between the airway connecting portion (30) and the valve seat ring (20) is formed as a straight line; or On a longitudinal cross section of the airway connecting portion (30), a side wall contour line at a connection point between the airway connecting portion (30) and the valve seat ring (20) is formed as an arc line.

2. The airway structure (2) according to claim 1, characterized in that The radius of the arc is R, wherein R satisfies: 0≤R≤1mm.

3. The airway structure (2) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The cross-sectional area of ​​the airway connecting portion (30) gradually increases in a direction from the end of the airway connecting portion (30) connected to the airway throat (12) toward the end of the airway connecting portion (30) connected to the valve seat ring (20).

4. The airway structure (2) according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: On a longitudinal cross section of the airway connecting portion (30), an angle α between two side wall contour lines of the airway connecting portion (30) is defined as α, and α satisfies the following relationship: 80°≤α≤110°.

5. The airway structure (2) according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The center line of the airway body (10) is formed as a straight line.

6. The airway structure (2) according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The included angle between the center line of the airway body (10) and the horizontal plane is β, and β satisfies: 20°≤β≤40°.

7. The airway structure (2) according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: In a direction away from the airway inlet (11), the airway connecting portion (30) extends obliquely in a direction deviating from the center line of the airway body (10); Along the direction from the airway inlet (11) toward the airway throat (12), the surface of the side of the airway body (10) corresponding to the airway connecting portion (30) includes a ventral surface (13), and the ventral surface (13) first extends in a direction away from the center line of the airway body (10) and then extends in a direction close to the center line of the airway body (10).

8. The airway structure (2) according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The surface of the airway body (10) on one side corresponding to the airway connecting portion (30) includes a first airway inlet surface (14), and a contour line of the first airway inlet surface (14) relative to the center line of the airway body (10) is a straight line.

9. The airway structure (2) according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: There are multiple airway bodies (10), and the multiple airway bodies (10) are arranged side by side. The side surfaces of the one ends of the multiple airway bodies (10) are connected to each other to share the same airway inlet (11).

10. The airway structure (2) according to claim 9, characterized in that In a direction away from the airway inlet (11), the airway connecting portion (30) extends obliquely in a direction deviating from the center line of the airway body (10); The connection between two adjacent airway bodies (10) has an avoidance portion (15), and the avoidance portion (15) is located on the side of the airway body (10) corresponding to the airway connection portion (30); and / or The connection between two adjacent airway bodies (10) is provided with a protrusion (16), and the protrusion (16) is located on the side of the airway body (10) away from the airway connection part (30).

11. The airway structure (2) according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that: The plane where the airway inlet (11) is located is perpendicular to the horizontal plane.

12. The airway structure (2) according to any one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that: The cross-sectional area of ​​the airway inlet (11) is S1, and the cross-sectional area of ​​the valve seat ring (20) is S2, and S1 and S2 satisfy: 1.1≤S1 / S2≤1.

3.

13. An engine (1), characterized in that The airway structure (2) comprises the airway structure (2) according to any one of claims 1 to 12.

14. A vehicle (100), characterized in that The invention comprises the air passage structure (2) according to any one of claims 1 to 12 or the engine (1) according to claim 13.

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