Composite pane for a projection assembly

Abstract

The invention relates to a composite pane (1), in particular for a projection assembly (100) in a vehicle, at least comprising an outer pane (2), a thermoplastic intermediate layer (4), an inner pane (3), and a reflective layer (9) which is suitable for reflecting light, in particular p-polarized light. The outer pane (2) has an exterior-side surface (I) and an interior-side surface (II), and the inner pane (3) has an exterior-side surface (III) and an interior-side surface (IV). The reflective layer (9) is provided on the interior-side surface (IV) of the inner pane (3), said reflective layer (9) being positioned in at least one composite pane (1) display region in which, in a viewing direction through the composite pane (1) starting from the interior-side surface (IV) of the inner pane (3), the reflective layer (9) is formed spatially in front of an opaque background. A transparent protective layer (7) is provided on the reflective layer (9) and additionally on at least some regions of the interior-side surface (IV) of the inner pane (3) not occupied by the reflective layer (9), preferably on the entire interior-side surface of the inner pane not occupied by the reflective layer, said protective layer being formed on the basis of silicon oxide (SiOx), silicon nitride, titanium oxide, zirconium oxide, hafnium oxide, niobium oxide, tantalum oxide, aluminum oxide, aluminum nitride or on the basis of silicon oxide or silicon nitride doped with Al, Ti, Zr, Hf, and / or B. The invention also relates to a method for producing such a composite pane (1) and to the use thereof.

Description

[0001] Composite panel for a projection arrangement

[0002] The invention relates to a composite pane, in particular for a projection arrangement, and its use in a vehicle.

[0003] HMIs (Human Machine Interfaces) and displays are essential and significant topics and functionalities in the automotive sector. The size and number of displays and display systems, especially in the cockpit of motor vehicles, are constantly increasing. For example, the display and playback of navigation, safety, and telecommunications information, as well as additional infotainment, is now almost indispensable.

[0004] In addition to cluster displays placed in the interior of motor vehicles, head-up displays (HUDs) are now frequently used in cars and aircraft. The functionality of a HUD is based on an imaging unit that uses an optical module and a projection surface to project an image that the driver perceives as a virtual image. When this image is reflected, for example, via the vehicle's windshield as a projection surface, important information can be presented to the user, significantly improving road safety.

[0005] The head-up displays described above suffer from the problem that the projector image is reflected off both surfaces of the windshield. As a result, the driver not only perceives the desired main image, which is caused by the reflection on the interior surface of the windshield (primary reflection), but also perceives a slightly offset, usually less intense secondary image, which is caused by the reflection on the exterior surface of the windshield (secondary reflection). The latter is commonly referred to as ghosting. This problem is generally solved by arranging the reflective surfaces at a deliberately chosen angle to each other so that the main image and ghost image are superimposed, making the ghost image less noticeable.

[0006] The radiation from the head-up display projector is typically predominantly s-polarized due to the windshield's better reflection characteristics compared to p-polarization. However, if the driver wears polarization-selective sunglasses, which only transmit p-polarized light, they will have little or no perception of the HUD image. Therefore, there is a need for HUD projection systems that are compatible with polarization-selective sunglasses. One solution to this problem is the use of projection systems that utilize p-polarized light.

[0007] DE102014220189A1 discloses a head-up display projection arrangement that operates with p-polarized radiation to generate a head-up display image. Since the angle of incidence is typically close to the Brewster angle and p-polarized radiation is therefore only slightly reflected by the glass surfaces, the windshield has a reflective structure that can reflect p-polarized radiation toward the driver. A single metallic layer with a thickness of 5 nm to 9 nm, for example, made of silver or aluminum, is proposed as the reflective structure. This layer is applied to the outer side of the inner pane facing away from the interior of the vehicle.

[0008] When designing a display based on head-up display technology, it is also important to ensure that the projector has sufficient power to ensure the projected image is sufficiently bright, especially in sunlight, and is easily visible to the viewer. This requires a certain size of the projector and, especially given the low reflectivity of conventional laminated glass, involves a corresponding power consumption.

[0009] WO 2022 / 073894 A1 and WO 2022 / 073860 A1 demonstrate the use of a masking strip in the edge area of ​​the windshield with a transparent element arranged in front of the masking strip, which reflects the image projected onto the element into the vehicle interior. Due to the opaque background, the image can be perceived with a higher contrast.

[0010] DE102009020824A1 discloses a windshield with a virtual image system. The image display device (projector) is directed toward a reflective area, which is either itself formed by an opaque reflective layer or is arranged against an opaque background. The reflective layer is arranged on a surface of the inner window facing the vehicle interior. This allows the reflected image to be recognized with high contrast. However, the reflective layer is not protected from external harmful influences. Microdefects and scratches are particularly disruptive on the projection surfaces of optical display systems and projection arrangements. Reflective layers made of aluminum, for example, are of particularly good optical quality but are also particularly susceptible to chemical changes, such as oxidative processes, and mechanical damage, such as scratches.These are caused, for example, by abrasion during mechanical cleaning.

[0011] One solution to this problem is to fully coat the surface of the glazing with a layer of diamond-like carbon (DLC), as disclosed in US2003190476A1. This layer can significantly improve the scratch resistance of the glass surface.

[0012] Diamond-like carbon (DLC) consists of a mixture of sp3- and sp2-hybridized carbon and is characterized by an amorphous structure. Thin films of diamond-like carbon are generally well suited for improving the scratch resistance of a surface because they have a low coefficient of friction and sufficiently high hardness. They also exhibit good chemical resistance, especially to chemicals such as cleaning agents.

[0013] One problem with DLC coatings, however, is their temperature sensitivity. At high temperatures, the diamond-like carbon graphites (i.e., a shift of sp 3 - to sp 2 -coordination of the carbon atoms takes place) and burns to CO2 at temperatures above 400 °C. However, since glass bending and glass hardening (annealing) processes require temperatures of up to 700 °C, pure DLC layers on glass burn and disappear if they are not protected from oxidation. To prevent oxidation, complex techniques with protective and release layers are necessary to prevent DLC layers from burning off during temperature treatment such as bending or annealing. Such approaches are described in WO 2004 / 071981, US 7060322 B2, US 8443627 or US 8580336 B2.

[0014] The washing processes described previously in the prior art for removing tempering protection layers used to protect the DLC layer during heat treatment are complex and have various disadvantages. Firstly, the removal of the protective layer in this way can be unreliable and incomplete, particularly due to curved wafer geometries. The exposed substrate with the applied DLC layer must then undergo a drying step. Furthermore, the washing medium used is contaminated with the components of the washed-off protective layers and must be disposed of in a very complex and costly manner in accordance with environmental regulations.

[0015] There is also a desire to replace the cluster displays in the vehicle interior in a space-saving manner. This is not yet possible, as the cluster displays provide the necessary, standard and regulatory required display of critical vehicle conditions, such as malfunctions, for example, of the engine or control system, or insufficient tire pressure, other warnings, or relevant safety information. If a single HUD-based display fails, for example, due to a malfunction, a driver without the cluster displays in the cockpit would not be able to receive additional redundant information about the vehicle status or any malfunctions or safety-relevant warnings.

[0016] The object of the present invention is to provide an improved composite screen for a projection arrangement, particularly based on head-up display technology, which can replace cluster displays and avoid the described disadvantages. Furthermore, it is desirable to provide a durable, high-quality projection surface for such a projection arrangement that is cost-effective, simple, and environmentally friendly to manufacture.

[0017] These and other objects are achieved according to the invention by a composite pane according to claim 1 and a method according to claim 13. Preferred embodiments emerge from the subclaims.

[0018] According to the invention, a composite pane, in particular for a projection arrangement in a vehicle, is provided, which comprises at least one outer pane, a thermoplastic intermediate layer, an inner pane and a reflective layer which is suitable for reflecting light, in particular p-polarized light, wherein the outer pane has an outer surface (I) and an interior surface (II) and the inner pane has one of the outer surfaces (III) and an interior surface (IV) and the reflective layer is arranged on the interior surface (IV) of the inner pane, wherein the reflective layer is arranged in at least a first partial area, namely a display area of ​​the composite pane intended for a display in a projection arrangement, in which in the viewing direction through the composite pane, starting from the interior surface (IV) of the inner pane,the reflective layer is formed spatially against an opaque background and a transparent protective layer is arranged at least on the reflective layer and furthermore, at least in regions, preferably on the entire interior-side surface of the inner pane not covered by the reflective layer, which protective layer is based on silicon oxide (SiO, x ), silicon nitride, titanium oxide, zirconium oxide, hafnium oxide, niobium oxide, tantalum oxide, aluminum oxide, aluminum nitride, or based on silicon oxide or silicon nitride doped with Al, Ti, Zr, Hf, and / or B.

[0019] The oxides and nitrides mentioned can be stoichiometric, substoichiometric, or superstoichiometric. They can also contain dopants, for example, aluminum, zirconium, titanium, or boron. The protective layer can be applied to the reflective layer on the interior-side surface (IV) of the inner pane, for example, by physical vapor deposition (PVD), particularly preferably by cathode sputtering ("sputtering"), and most preferably by magnetic field-assisted cathode sputtering ("magnetron sputtering"). In principle, however, the protective layer can also be applied, for example, by chemical vapor deposition (CVD), for example, plasma-enhanced vapor deposition (PECVD), by vapor deposition, or by atomic layer deposition (ALD).

[0020] The transparent protective layer provided according to the invention forms the exposed surface facing an interior, preferably a vehicle interior. In other words, the protective layer is formed at least in complete overlap with the reflective layer and seals it off from the external environment (interior) and atmosphere. Furthermore, the protective layer is preferably arranged, at least in regions, on the entire interior-side surface of the inner pane not covered by the reflective layer. The protective layer reliably protects the reflective layer from environmental influences, from chemical and mechanical stress and damage, for example from corrosion, and from scratches, without impairing the optical quality of the display. In other words, the invention provides a composite pane with an improved projection surface for a HUD-based display with improved durability.

[0021] Advantageously, cluster displays can be replaced in a space-saving manner with the use of the composite pane according to the invention, thus further increasing the design freedom for vehicle interiors in the automotive sector. The reflective layer provided according to the invention as a projection surface for a HUD display against the opaque background can provide the display of necessary and desirable safety-relevant information, signals, and warnings. The opaque background can be provided, for example, by a black print commonly found on vehicle windows; therefore, this arrangement for a HUD-based display according to the invention is also referred to herein as a "blackprint display."Additional advantages arise from the fact that a blackprint display according to the invention and an associated display system have good optical quality, a good contrast in the display even in sunlight, and improved chemical and mechanical resistance to environmental influences or mechanical cleaning, for example by wiping, and thus a longer service life and can also be operated in a significantly more energy-efficient manner than conventional cluster displays.

[0022] Compared to a DLC-based protective layer, it is particularly advantageous that the protective layer used according to the invention is additionally heat-resistant and can be applied before process steps involving heat treatment or exposure to heat, such as lamination and / or a bending process for glazing commonly used in the automotive sector. This is even possible without the need for an additional temporarily applied tempering or release layer, which would then have to be laboriously removed. Complex process steps associated with protective and release layers, which prevent the protective layer from being destroyed or damaged during heat treatment during tempering, bending, or tempering, can advantageously be completely avoided.For example, further post-processing involving a washing and / or cleaning step, as well as drying of the exposed, inventively coated composite pane substrate, is not required. Accordingly, no washing medium contaminated with components of the washed-off protective and release layers is generated, which would require complex and costly disposal in accordance with environmental and regulatory requirements.

[0023] For the purposes of the present invention, "transparent" means, for the parts of the composite pane, for example, the transparent protective layer, that the total visible light transmission of the composite pane preferably has a transmittance of more than 50%, and in particular more than 60%, preferably more than 70% (as defined in the European Union Directive ECE-R43). Accordingly, "opaque" means, for example, for the opaque background, a light transmission of less than 10%, preferably less than 5%, and in particular 0%.

[0024] In a preferred embodiment, the transparent protective layer has a thickness in the range of 1 nm to 100 nm, preferably 5 nm to 50 nm, particularly preferably 10 nm to 40 nm. This is the total thickness of the protective layer. The transparent protective layer is preferably a single layer based on silicon oxide (SiO x), silicon nitride, titanium oxide, zirconium oxide, hafnium oxide, niobium oxide, tantalum oxide, aluminum oxide, aluminum nitride, or based on silicon oxide or silicon nitride doped with Al, Ti, Zr, Hf, and / or B. However, it is also possible for the protective layer to be constructed in multiple layers, in which case the sum of the individual layer thicknesses then results in the aforementioned thickness as the total thickness.

[0025] According to the invention, the reflective layer is arranged flatly on the interior-side surface (IV) of the inner pane, in other words on the surface of the inner pane facing the (vehicle) interior, at least in the surface area intended for a display (display area). This has the advantage that, when an image is generated, secondary reflection, for example on the outer pane, is advantageously largely eliminated and the formation of ghost images can be avoided. Furthermore, with this arrangement, the position of the reflective layer can be selected more freely than with an arrangement between the outer pane and the inner pane, since the reflective layer cannot be concealed by other opaque layers or elements, for example a masking strip.

[0026] The reflective layer is arranged spatially in front of an opaque, essentially light-impermeable background, starting from the interior-facing surface of the inner pane. In this context, the opaque background can be arranged, for example, on the exterior surface (I) or interior-facing surface (II) of the outer pane, the exterior surface (III) of the inner pane, or between the panes, within the thermoplastic intermediate layer. Preferably, however, at least one opaque background is arranged on the interior-facing surface (II) of the outer pane. It has been shown that the reflective layer, in overlap with the opaque background, enables good image representation with high contrast to the opaque background, so that it appears bright and is therefore also clearly recognizable.

[0027] The expression "viewed through the laminated pane" means that the view through the laminated pane starts from the interior-facing surface (IV) of the inner pane. For the purposes of the present invention, "spatially in front" means, for the reflective layer and, if applicable, for other layers or elements, that these are spatially located further away from the outside of the outer pane than at least the opaque background. The protective layer according to the invention is thus spatially located in front of the reflective layer.

[0028] When viewed through the laminated pane, the reflective layer essentially completely overlaps the opaque background. In other words, when viewed through the laminated pane, the reflective layer is located spatially in front of the interior surface of the inner pane, thus overlapping the opaque background. The combination of the reflective layer according to the invention with such an opaque background results in good visibility of an image display, even in external sunlight and when using low-intensity light sources. Even under these circumstances, an image generated by a light source appears bright and is clearly recognizable. When using a laminated pane according to the invention in a projection arrangement, this advantageously enables a reduction in the power of the light source and thus reduced energy consumption.Compared to a HUD display of the same size, the invention allows for energy consumption to be reduced by approximately 80%. On the other hand, compared to conventional HUD displays, the invention allows for a larger projection surface while maintaining the same energy consumption.

[0029] In one embodiment, the reflective layer is designed as a reflective coating, which preferably comprises at least one metal-based layer. The reflective layer according to the invention, also called a mirror layer, can preferably comprise at least one metal selected from the group consisting of aluminum, tin, titanium, zirconium, hafnium, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, rhodium, iridium, nickel, palladium, platinum, copper, silver, gold, or alloys thereof. The reflective layer is preferably made of aluminum or a NiCr alloy.

[0030] In one embodiment of the invention, the reflective layer is a coating containing a thin-film stack, i.e. a sequence of thin individual layers. This thin-film stack can, for example, contain or consist of one or more layers of the aforementioned metals, for example based on silver or aluminum. The layer based on the metal, for example silver or aluminum, imparts the basic reflective mirror properties to the reflective coating. The silver-based layer preferably contains, for example, at least 90 wt.% silver, more preferably at least 99 wt.% silver, most preferably at least 99.9 wt.% silver. The silver layer can contain dopants, for example palladium, gold, copper or aluminum. Silver-based materials are particularly suitable for reflecting p-polarized light.The use of silver in reflective layers has proven particularly advantageous in reflecting p-polarized light.

[0031] The reflective layer can, for example, have a total thickness of 2 nm to 100 nm, preferably 5 nm to 50 nm, and particularly preferably 8 nm to 25 nm. Total thickness means that the sequence of individual layers forming the reflective layer together has this thickness.

[0032] If the reflective layer is formed as a coating, the individual layers are preferably applied to the interior-side surface (IV) of the inner pane by physical vapor deposition (PVD), particularly preferably by cathode sputtering, and most preferably by magnetic field-assisted cathode sputtering (magnetron sputtering). In principle, however, the coating can also be applied, for example, by chemical vapor deposition (CVD), such as plasma-enhanced vapor deposition (PECVD), by vapor deposition, or by atomic layer deposition (ALD).

[0033] If a layer, for example the reflective layer or the transparent protective layer, is formed on the basis of a material, this means in the sense of the invention that the layer consists predominantly of this material, in particular essentially of this material, preferably more than 95% by weight, particularly preferably more than 98% by weight, in addition to any impurities or dopants.

[0034] According to the invention, the reflective layer applied to the interior-facing surface of the inner pane is additionally provided with a transparent protective layer, preferably a single layer, based on silicon oxide (SiOx), silicon nitride, titanium oxide, zirconium oxide, hafnium oxide, niobium oxide, tantalum oxide, aluminum oxide, aluminum nitride, or doped silicon oxide or silicon nitride, which advantageously improves scratch resistance, corrosion resistance, and thus durability. The protective layer is thus applied at least to the entire surface of the reflective layer facing the interior and completely seals it from the surrounding atmosphere.Improvement, particularly of the scratch resistance of the other pane surface, is also desirable, so that according to the invention, the protective layer is additionally applied at least in certain areas, but preferably also to the entire interior-side surface (IV) of the inner pane not covered by the reflective layer. This can also be easily implemented in an industrial manufacturing process.

[0035] Surprisingly, it has been shown that individual layers based on silicon oxide (SiOx), silicon nitride, titanium oxide, zirconium oxide, hafnium oxide, niobium oxide, tantalum oxide, aluminum oxide, aluminum nitride, or doped silicon oxide or silicon nitride are particularly well suited to improving the scratch resistance of the surface, as they exhibit a low coefficient of friction and high hardness. They are simple and cost-effective to produce, and little or no adjustments to the industrial manufacturing process of a composite pane are necessary. Additional steps such as a tempering protection layer, as well as removal and cleaning steps, as with the use of a conventional DLC layer, are advantageously not necessary. Complex and costly disposal of contaminated cleaning media is eliminated.The protective layers according to the invention exhibit advantageous properties such as high chemical and mechanical resistance, for example, oxidation resistance and scratch resistance, while maintaining high transparency. Scratch resistance is measured, for example, using an Erichsen hardness or Erichsen scratch tester.

[0036] In one embodiment, the reflective layer can also be formed as a reflective coated film that reflects light, preferably p-polarized light. The reflective layer therefore comprises a, possibly self-adhesive, carrier film with a reflective coating. The reflective coating comprises, for example, at least one individual layer based on a metal. The metal-based layer preferably contains aluminum or consists thereof. The metal layer can have dopants, for example aluminum, zirconium, titanium or boron. In addition, the reflective layer on the carrier film can also already be provided with the protective layer. The carrier film can be made, for example, of polyethylene terephthalate (PET), for example with a thickness of 50 μm or 100 μm, but also in other suitable thicknesses.If the reflection layer is formed as a reflective coated film, it preferably has a total thickness of 30 pm to 300 pm, particularly preferably of 50 pm to 200 pm and in particular of 70 pm to 150 pm.

[0037] If a coated reflective film is used, the coating processes CVD or PVD, such as magnetic field-assisted cathode sputtering ("magnetron sputtering"), can also be used to produce the reflective layer, optionally also with the protective layer applied thereon. The design using a reflective film, optionally with an additional protective layer, has the further advantage that it can be easily replaced if necessary.

[0038] The term p-polarized light refers to light from the visible spectral range that consists predominantly of light with p-polarization. P-polarized light preferably has a p-polarization component of >50%, preferably >70%, and particularly preferably >90%, and in particular approximately 100%.

[0039] In one embodiment according to the invention, the opaque background is an opaque masking strip which is arranged in regions on at least one of the outer surface (I) and / or the interior surface (II) of the outer pane and / or on the exterior surface (III) of the inner pane. The masking strip can in principle be arranged on any of the aforementioned pane sides (surfaces). In the case of the composite pane according to the invention, the masking strip is preferably applied to the interior surface (II) of the outer pane or to the exterior surface (III) of the inner pane, where it is protected from external influences after conventional lamination.

[0040] The masking strip is preferably a coating consisting of one or more layers. Alternatively, it can also be an opaque element, such as a film, embedded in the laminated pane.

[0041] According to a preferred embodiment of the composite pane, the masking strip consists of a single layer. This has the advantage of particularly simple and cost-effective production of the composite pane, since only a single layer needs to be formed for the masking strip. This masking layer is particularly preferably applied to the interior surface of the outer pane.

[0042] In addition to the mode of action described in the invention, it can serve to mask structures that would otherwise be visible through the pane when installed. In particular, in the case of a windshield, the masking strip is used to mask an adhesive bead for bonding the windshield to a vehicle body. This means that it prevents the generally irregularly applied adhesive bead from being visible to the outside, thus creating a harmonious overall impression of the windshield. On the other hand, the masking strip serves as UV protection for the adhesive material used. Continuous exposure to UV light damages the adhesive material and would loosen the bond between the pane and the vehicle body over time. In the case of panes with an electrically controllable functional layer, the masking strip can also be used, for example, to cover bus bars and / or connecting elements.

[0043] The masking strip is printed onto the outer or inner pane in a conventional manner, particularly using a screen printing process. The printing ink is printed onto the glass pane through a fine-mesh fabric. The printing ink is pressed through the fabric, for example using a rubber squeegee. The fabric has areas that are permeable to the printing ink, alongside areas that are impermeable to the printing ink, thereby determining the geometric shape of the print. The fabric thus acts as a stencil for the print. The printing ink contains at least one pigment and glass frits suspended in a liquid phase (solvent), for example water or organic solvents such as alcohols. The pigment is typically a black pigment, for example carbon black, aniline black, bone black, iron oxide black, spinel black and / or graphite.

[0044] After the printing ink has been applied, the glass pane undergoes a heat treatment, during which the liquid phase is expelled by evaporation and the glass frits are melted and permanently bonded to the glass surface. The heat treatment is typically carried out at temperatures in the range of 450°C to 700°C. The pigment remains as a masking strip in the glass matrix formed by the molten glass frit. The masking strip preferably has a thickness of 5 μm to 50 μm, particularly preferably 8 μm to 25 μm.

[0045] Alternatively, the masking strip is a colored or pigmented, preferably black-pigmented, thermoplastic composite film, preferably based on polyvinyl butyral (PVB), ethyl vinyl acetate (EVA), or polyethylene terephthalate (PET), preferably PVB. The coloring or pigmentation of the composite film is freely selectable, but is preferably black. The colored or pigmented composite film is preferably arranged between the outer pane and the inner pane. The colored or pigmented thermoplastic composite film preferably has a thickness of 0.25 mm to 1 mm. The colored or pigmented composite film preferably extends over a maximum of 50% and particularly preferably a maximum of 30% of the area of ​​the composite pane.To avoid thickness differences in the composite pane, a further transparent thermoplastic composite film is preferably arranged between the outer pane and the inner pane, extending over at least 50%, preferably at least 70%, of the surface of the composite pane. The colored or pigmented composite film is offset from the transparent thermoplastic composite pane in the surface plane of the composite pane, so that they do not overlap or cover each other.

[0046] The masking strip can also be provided by a partially pigmented or colored thermoplastic composite film. In this case, the reflective layer is arranged spatially in front of the pigmented or colored area of ​​the thermoplastic composite film. The pigmentation or coloring of the composite film preferably extends over a maximum of 50% and particularly preferably a maximum of 30% of the surface of the composite pane. The remaining part of the partially pigmented or colored thermoplastic composite film is transparent, i.e., without pigmentation or coloring. The partially pigmented or colored thermoplastic composite film preferably extends over the entire surface of the composite pane.Designing the masking strip as a pigmented or dyed thermoplastic composite film, or as a partially pigmented or dyed thermoplastic composite film, simplifies the production of the composite pane and improves its stability. It is very advantageous if the outer or inner pane does not need to be coated beforehand to create an opaque background. This increases the stability of the composite pane and further improves process efficiency.

[0047] The outer pane and inner pane preferably contain or consist of glass, particularly preferably flat glass, float glass, quartz glass, borosilicate glass, soda-lime glass, alumino-silicate glass, or clear plastics, preferably rigid clear plastics, in particular polyethylene, polypropylene, polycarbonate, polymethyl methacrylate, polystyrene, polyamide, polyester, polyvinyl chloride and / or mixtures thereof.

[0048] In a preferred embodiment, the inner pane is made of a highly transparent clear glass, for example, diamond glass. This further improves the luminosity and clarity of an optical display according to the invention.

[0049] The outer pane and inner pane may optionally have further functional coatings known per se that are suitable in connection with the invention, for example anti-reflective coatings, non-stick coatings, anti-scratch coatings, photocatalytic coatings, electrically conductive coatings, or sun protection coatings or low-E coatings.

[0050] The thickness of the individual panes (outer and inner panes) can vary widely and be adapted to the requirements of the individual case. Standard thicknesses of 0.5 mm to 5 mm are preferred, and 1.0 mm to 2.5 mm are preferred. The size of the panes can vary widely and depends on the application.

[0051] The composite pane can have any three-dimensional shape. Preferably, the outer and inner panes have no shadow zones, allowing them to be coated, for example, by cathode sputtering. The outer and inner panes are preferably flat or slightly or strongly curved in one or more directions of the room.

[0052] According to the invention, the outer pane and the inner pane are preferably transparent. For the purposes of the present invention, “transparent” means that the total transmittance of the laminated pane complies with the legal requirements, for example for windshields (for example the European Union directive ECE-R43) and preferably has a visible light transmittance of more than 50% and in particular more than 60%, for example more than 70%. “Transparent inner pane” and “transparent outer pane” therefore mean that the inner pane and the outer pane are so transparent that the view through a see-through area of ​​the laminated pane meets the legal requirements for the desired use, for example for windshields. Accordingly, “opaque” means a light transmittance of less than 10%, preferably less than 5% and in particular 0%.

[0053] For the purposes of the invention, "transparent outer pane" and "transparent inner pane" mean that visibility is possible through the inner pane and the outer pane. Preferably, the light transmittance of the transparent outer pane and the transparent inner pane is at least 55%, particularly preferably at least 60%, and especially at least 70%.

[0054] The thermoplastic intermediate layer contains or consists of at least one thermoplastic, preferably polyvinyl butyral (PVB), ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA), and / or polyurethane (PU), or copolymers or derivatives thereof, optionally in combination with polyethylene terephthalate (PET). However, the thermoplastic intermediate layer can also contain, for example, polypropylene (PP), polyacrylate, polyethylene (PE), polycarbonate (PC), polymethyl methacrylate, polyvinyl chloride, polyacetate resin, casting resin, acrylate, fluorinated ethylene-propylene, polyvinyl fluoride, and / or ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene, or a copolymer or mixture thereof.

[0055] The thermoplastic intermediate layer is preferably formed as at least one thermoplastic composite film and contains or consists of polyvinyl butyral (PVB), particularly preferably polyvinyl butyral (PVB) and conventional additives known to the person skilled in the art, such as, for example, plasticizers.

[0056] The thermoplastic intermediate layer can be formed by a single film or by more than one film. The thermoplastic intermediate layer can be formed by one or more thermoplastic films arranged flatly one above the other, with the thickness of the thermoplastic intermediate layer preferably being between 0.25 mm and 1 mm, for example 0.38 mm, 0.76 mm, or 0.81 mm.

[0057] The thermoplastic intermediate layer can also be a functional thermoplastic intermediate layer, in particular an intermediate layer with acoustic damping properties, an infrared-reflecting intermediate layer, an infrared-absorbing intermediate layer, and / or a UV-absorbing intermediate layer. For example, the thermoplastic intermediate layer can also be a bandpass filter film that blocks narrow bands of visible light.

[0058] In one embodiment of the composite pane, the reflective layer is designed as a semi-reflective layer. This means that when viewed from above, for example, from a vehicle interior, the reflective layer appears as a mirrored surface, but from the other direction, it is translucent and non-reflective or slightly reflective.

[0059] In a preferred embodiment of the invention, a functional layer element is arranged at least in one see-through area of ​​the composite pane between the interior-side surface (II) of the outer pane and the exterior-side surface (III) of the inner pane. In other words, the functional layer element extends at least into an area of ​​the composite pane which, when viewed through, does not overlap with an opaque background and thus also has a functional area which does not overlap with the reflective layer, i.e., the display area. These two functional elements advantageously do not negatively influence each other's function and can also be used in a complementary manner. The functional layer element can also be incorporated into the composite pane either over the entire surface or in a locally limited manner, as desired.The functional layer element can be, for example, a hologram, a p-pol coating, a reflective film, a HUD layer, i.e. a transparent reflective layer for a head-up display, or an active display.

[0060] A HUD layer preferably comprises at least one metal selected from the group consisting of aluminum, tin, titanium, copper, nickel, chromium, cobalt, iron, manganese, zirconium, cerium, yttrium, silver, gold, platinum and palladium, or mixtures thereof.

[0061] In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the HUD layer is a reflective coating comprising a thin-film stack, i.e., a sequence of thin individual layers. This thin-film stack contains one or more electrically conductive layers based on silver. The electrically conductive layer based on silver imparts the basic reflective properties to the reflective coating, as well as an IR-reflecting effect and electrical conductivity. The electrically conductive layer is based on silver. The conductive layer preferably contains at least 90 wt.% silver, more preferably at least 99 wt.% silver, most preferably at least 99.9 wt.% silver. The silver layer may contain dopants, for example, palladium, gold, copper, or aluminum. Silver-based materials are particularly suitable for reflecting p-polarized light.The use of silver has proven particularly advantageous for reflecting p-polarized light. The coating has a thickness of 5 nm to 50 nm, and preferably 8 nm to 25 nm.

[0062] If the HUD layer is formed as a coating, it is preferably applied to the inner or outer pane by physical vapor deposition (PVD), particularly preferably by cathode sputtering, and most preferably by magnetic field-assisted cathode sputtering (magnetron sputtering). In principle, however, the coating can also be applied, for example, by chemical vapor deposition (CVD), such as plasma-enhanced vapor deposition (PECVD), by vapor deposition, or by atomic layer deposition (ALD). The coating is applied to the panes before lamination.

[0063] The HUD layer can also be formed as a reflective film that reflects p-polarized light. The HUD layer can be a carrier film with a reflective coating or a reflective polymer film. The reflective coating preferably comprises at least one metal-based layer and / or a dielectric layer sequence with alternating refractive indices. The metal-based layer preferably contains or consists of silver and / or aluminum. The dielectric layers can be formed, for example, from silicon nitride, zinc oxide, tin-zinc oxide, silicon-metal mixed nitrides such as silicon zirconium nitride, zirconium oxide, niobium oxide, hafnium oxide, tantalum oxide, or silicon carbide. The aforementioned oxides and nitrides can be deposited stoichiometrically, substoichiometrically, or superstoichiometrically. They can contain dopants, for example, aluminum, zirconium, titanium, or boron.The reflective polymer film preferably comprises or consists of dielectric polymer layers. The dielectric polymer layers preferably contain PET. If the HUD layer is formed as a reflective film, it is preferably 30 μm to 300 μm thick, particularly preferably 50 μm to 200 μm thick, and especially 100 μm to 150 μm thick.

[0064] If it is a coated, reflective film, the CVD or PVD coating processes can also be used for production.

[0065] According to a further preferred embodiment, the HUD layer is formed as a reflective film and arranged within the thermoplastic intermediate layer. The advantage of this arrangement is that the HUD layer does not have to be applied to the outer or inner pane using thin-film technology (e.g., CVD and PVD). This results in uses of the HUD layer with additional advantageous functions, such as more homogeneous reflection of p-polarized light at the HUD layer. Furthermore, the production of the composite pane can be simplified because the HUD layer does not have to be applied to the outer or inner pane using an additional process prior to lamination.

[0066] The invention further comprises a projection arrangement comprising a composite pane according to the invention as described above in various embodiments. The projection arrangement further comprises a light source (image display device) assigned to the reflective layer, which is directed onto the reflective layer and irradiates it with light, in particular p-polarized light, the reflective layer reflecting the light. According to the invention, the reflective layer is protected from external influences, in particular from soiling and scratching, by a transparent protective layer applied thereto. Furthermore, the transparent protective layer is arranged at least in regions, preferably on the entire interior-side surface (IV) of the inner pane not covered by the reflective layer.

[0067] The light source of the projection arrangement emits light, preferably p-polarized light, and is positioned adjacent to the interior surface of the inner pane such that the light source irradiates this surface, with the light being reflected by the reflective layer of the composite pane. If the projection arrangement according to the invention is operated with p-polarized light, a particular advantage is that it is also compatible with polarization-selective sunglasses.

[0068] According to the invention, the reflective layer preferably reflects more than 10%, preferably at least 30% or more, preferably 50% or more, and in particular 70% or more, of the light incident on the reflective layer, in particular p-polarized light, preferably in a wavelength range of 450 nm to 650 nm and at angles of incidence of 50 to 80°, for example, 55° to 75°. This is advantageous in order to achieve the greatest possible brightness of an image emitted by the light source and reflected by the reflective layer.

[0069] The light source is used to emit an image and is also referred to according to the invention as an image display device. A projector, a display or another device known to those skilled in the art can be used as the light source. The light source is preferably a display, particularly preferably an LCD display, LED display, OLED display or electroluminescent display, in particular an LCD display. Displays have a low installation height and are therefore easy and space-saving to integrate into the dashboard of a vehicle. Furthermore, displays are significantly more energy-efficient to operate than projectors. The comparatively lower brightness of displays is entirely sufficient in combination with the reflective layer according to the invention and the opaque cover layer behind it.The radiation from the light source preferably strikes the composite pane at an angle of incidence of 55° to 80°, preferably 62° to 77°, in the region of the reflective layer. The angle of incidence is the angle between the incidence vector of the radiation from the image display device and the surface normal at the geometric center of the reflective layer.

[0070] Furthermore, the invention comprises a method for producing a composite pane and projection arrangement according to the invention. The method comprises at least the following steps:

[0071] (a) providing an outer pane, an inner pane and a thermoplastic intermediate layer, (b) applying at least one opaque cover layer in at least a first partial area of ​​the interior surface (II) and / or the exterior surface (I) of the outer pane and / or the exterior surface (III) of the inner pane,

[0072] (c) applying a reflective layer to at least one display area of ​​the interior-side surface (IV) of the inner pane, wherein the first partial area extends at least partially overlapping with the display area, wherein the applied reflective layer is initially arranged as a layer exposed to a (vehicle) interior on the interior-side surface of the inner pane,

[0073] (d) applying a transparent protective layer at least to the reflective layer and furthermore, at least in some areas, preferably on the entire interior-side surface (IV) of the inner pane not covered by the reflective layer, so that the protective layer now forms the exposed layer,

[0074] (e) assembling the inner pane, the thermoplastic intermediate layer and the outer pane in this order to form a layer stack,

[0075] (f) laminating the layer stack formed in step e) to form a composite disc,

[0076] (g) Providing and directing a light source (image display device), preferably for p-polarized light, onto the composite disc so that the light can fall onto the reflective layer.

[0077] The coating steps b), c) and d) are carried out before the merging in step e) and the lamination step f).

[0078] The lamination of the layer stack takes place under the influence of heat, vacuum and / or pressure, whereby the individual layers are bonded (laminated) to one another by at least one thermoplastic intermediate layer. Known processes for producing a composite pane can be used. For example, so-called autoclave processes can be carried out at an elevated pressure of approximately 10 bar to 15 bar and temperatures of 130°C to 145°C for approximately 2 hours. Known vacuum bag or vacuum ring processes operate, for example, at approximately 200 mbar and 130°C to 145°C. The outer pane, the inner pane and the thermoplastic intermediate layer can also be pressed into a composite pane in a calender between at least one pair of rollers. Systems of this type are known for producing composite panes and normally have at least one heating tunnel upstream of a pressing unit.The temperature during the pressing process, for example, ranges from 40°C to 150°C. Combinations of calendering and autoclaving processes have proven particularly effective in practice. Alternatively, vacuum laminators can be used. These consist of one or more heated and evacuatable chambers in which the outer and inner panes can be laminated within, for example, approximately 60 minutes at reduced pressures of 0.01 mbar to 800 mbar and temperatures of 80°C to 170°C.

[0079] Advantageously, the inventive design of the protective layer requires no or only minimal adjustment during the actual lamination process to form the composite pane. The formed transparent protective layer does not require an additional, temporarily applied protective or sacrificial layer to protect it from the effects of heat, pressure, and / or vacuum during the lamination process or a bending process common in the automotive sector, which then may have to be laboriously removed in an additional step. The production of a permanently optically and high-quality display surface (blackprint display) for a projection arrangement can therefore be carried out particularly easily and cost-effectively.

[0080] Furthermore, the invention extends to motor vehicles for land, air, or water traffic, in which the composite pane or projection arrangement according to the invention is used, for example, as a windshield, rear window, side windows, and / or glass roof, preferably as a windshield. The composite pane is preferably used as a vehicle windshield.

[0081] The various embodiments of the invention can be implemented individually or in any combination. In particular, the features mentioned above and those to be explained below can be used not only in the specified combinations, but also in other combinations or on their own, unless they are explicitly described and described as alternatives to one another, without departing from the scope of the present invention.

[0082] The invention is explained in more detail below using exemplary embodiments, with reference to the accompanying figures. They show, in simplified form and not to scale:

[0083] It shows:

[0084] Figure 1 is a cross-sectional view of an embodiment of the projection arrangement according to the invention,

[0085] Figure 2 is a plan view of the composite pane of Figure 1, Figure 3 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of an embodiment of the layer sequence according to the invention of the composite pane 1 in the region Z.

[0086] Figure 1 shows a cross-sectional view of an exemplary embodiment of the projection arrangement 100 according to the invention in a vehicle in a highly simplified, schematic representation. A top view of the composite pane 1 of the projection arrangement 100 is shown in Figure 2. The cross-sectional view of Figure 1 corresponds to the section line AA of the composite pane 1, as indicated in Figure 2.

[0087] The composite pane 1 is designed as a composite pane and comprises an outer pane 2 and an inner pane 3 with a thermoplastic intermediate layer 4 arranged between the panes 2, 3. The composite pane 1 is installed, for example, in a vehicle and separates a vehicle interior 12 from an external environment 13. For example, the composite pane 1 is the windshield of a motor vehicle.

[0088] The outer pane 2 and the inner pane 3 are each made of glass, preferably thermally toughened soda-lime glass, and are transparent to visible light (as defined, for example, in the European Union directive ECE-R43). The thermoplastic intermediate layer 4 consists of a thermoplastic material, preferably polyvinyl butyral (PVB), ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA), and / or polyethylene terephthalate (PET).

[0089] An outer surface I of the outer pane 2 faces away from the thermoplastic intermediate layer 4 and is simultaneously the outer surface of the composite pane 1. An interior surface II of the outer pane 2 and an outer surface III of the inner pane 3 each face the intermediate layer 4. An interior surface IV of the inner pane 3 faces away from the thermoplastic intermediate layer 4 and is simultaneously the inner side of the composite pane 1. It is understood that the composite pane 1 can have any suitable geometric shape and / or curvature. As a composite pane 1 for a vehicle, for example, it typically has a convex curvature.

[0090] In an edge region 11 of the laminated pane 1, on the interior-side surface II of the outer pane 2, there is a frame-shaped, circumferential first masking strip 5. The first masking strip 5 is opaque and prevents the outside view of structures arranged on the inside of the laminated pane 1, for example, an adhesive bead for bonding the laminated pane 1 to a vehicle body. The first masking strip 5 is preferably black. The first masking strip 5 consists, for example, of an electrically non-conductive material conventionally used for masking strips, such as a black-colored, baked screen printing ink.

[0091] Spatially in front of the first masking strip 5, on the interior-side surface IV of the inner pane 3, there is a reflective layer 9, which is vapor-deposited, for example, using the PVD process. The reflective layer 9 is, for example, a metal coating containing at least one thin-film stack with at least one silver layer and a dielectric layer. In this embodiment shown, the reflective layer 9 is in direct contact with the interior-side surface IV of the inner pane 3. When viewed through the composite pane 1, the reflective layer 9 is spatially arranged in front of an opaque background, here the masking strip 5, wherein the masking strip 5 completely covers the reflective layer 9, i.e. the reflective layer 9 has no section that does not overlap with the masking strip 5.The reflective layer 9 is arranged here, for example, only in the lower section 1T (on the engine side in the installed position) of the edge region 11 of the composite pane 1. However, it would also be possible to arrange the reflective layer 9 in the upper section 11" (on the roof side in the installed position) or in a lateral section of the edge region 11. Furthermore, several reflective layers 9 could be provided, which are arranged, for example, as partial sections in the lower (on the engine side) section 1T and / or in the upper (on the roof side) section 11" of the edge region 11. For example, the reflective layers 9 could also be arranged such that a (partially) circumferential image can be generated. However, it is also possible according to the invention (not shown here) to provide both an opaque background (masking) and a reflective layer 9 in each area of ​​the composite pane suitable for a display (display area).An edge-side arrangement is of course advantageous and expedient when using and designing the composite pane 1 as a windshield in order to meet the required requirements for the driver's field of vision.

[0092] According to the invention, a transparent protective layer 7 is advantageously arranged on the surface of the reflective layer 9 facing the vehicle interior 12 and, in addition, at least in some regions, preferably as indicated in Figure 1 on the entire interior-side surface IV of the inner pane 3 not covered by the reflective layer 9. The protective layer 7 thus forms, according to the invention, particularly in the region of the reflective layer 9, the outer surface of the composite pane 1 facing the interior 12 and exposed to the surrounding atmosphere. The surface covered with the protective layer 7, in particular the reflective layer 9, is thereby advantageously protected from external influences. The protective layer 7 according to the invention based on silicon oxide (SiO x), silicon nitride, titanium oxide, zirconium oxide, hafnium oxide, niobium oxide, tantalum oxide, aluminum oxide, aluminum nitride, or based on silicon oxide or silicon nitride doped with Al, Ti, Zr, Hf, and / or B, is advantageously particularly robust and scratch-resistant. In particular, the protective layer 7 is also stable under the influence of heat, pressure and / or vacuum. Advantageously, the protective layer 7 can thereby be applied to the reflective layer 9 and the inner side IV of the inner pane 3 before lamination of the individual panes 2, 3 to form the composite pane 1 without the need for an additional, temporarily applied protective layer or a sacrificial layer. The production of the functionally coated composite pane 1 for a HUD-based display arrangement is therefore simple and cost-effective and can be easily integrated into industrial series production.In this embodiment, the further surface IV of the composite pane 1, not covered by the reflective layer 9 and facing the interior space 12, is also provided with the protective layer 7 and thus sealed to the interior space 12. This has the advantage that the protective properties associated with the protective layer 7 can also be provided over the entire surface. Furthermore, the production of such a full-surface seal to the interior space 12 is simple, efficient, and cost-effective.

[0093] If the protective layer 7 is applied over the entire surface of the reflective layer 9 and the interior-side surface IV of the inner pane 3, the laminated pane exhibits a transmission TL in the visible spectral range of at least 70% in the central field of view, even with the protective layer. The visible spectral range is defined as the spectral range from 400 nm to 750 nm. The transmission can be determined, for example, according to the DIN EN 410 standard.

[0094] The first masking strip 5 can also be widened in the lower (engine-side) section 1T of the edge region 11, i.e., the first masking strip 5 has a greater width in the lower (engine-side) section 1T of the edge region 11 than in the upper (roof-side) section 11" of the edge region 11 (as well as in the lateral sections of the edge region 11 not visible in Figure 1) of the composite pane 1. This can advantageously also enlarge the intended display area or improve the contrast for the display by covering it. "Width" is understood to mean the dimension of the first masking strip 5 perpendicular to its extension. The projection arrangement 100 further comprises an image display device 8, arranged, for example, in the dashboard (not shown), as an image generator.The image display device 8 serves to generate light, in particular p-polarized light 10 (image information), which is directed onto the reflective layer 9 and reflected by the reflective layer 9 as reflected light 10' into the vehicle interior 12, where it can be seen by an observer, e.g., the driver. The reflective layer 9 is suitably designed to reflect the light, preferably the p-polarized light 10 of the image display device 8, i.e., an image of the image display device 8. The light 10 of the image display device 8 preferably strikes the composite pane 1 at an angle of incidence of 50° to 80°, in particular of 55° to 75°, for example of 60° to 70°, typically approximately 65°, as is usual with HUD projection arrangements.It would also be possible, for example, to arrange the image display device 8 in the A-pillar of a motor vehicle or on the roof (in each case on the vehicle interior side), provided the reflective layer 9 is positioned appropriately for this purpose. If multiple reflective layers 9 are provided, a separate image display device 8 can be assigned to each reflective layer 9, i.e., multiple image display devices 8 can be arranged. The image display device 8 is, for example, a display such as an LCD display, OLED display, EL display, or pLED display. It would also be possible, for example, for the composite pane 1 to be a roof pane, side pane, or rear pane of a vehicle.It is also possible that in an alternative embodiment the composite pane 1 is replaced by a correspondingly functionally coated (5, 9, 7) single-pane safety glass, which can be coated accordingly and subsequently tempered in the usual way and subjected to a bending process.

[0095] In the plan view of Figure 2, the reflection layer 9 is shown extending along the lower section of the edge region 11' of the composite pane 1.

[0096] Figure 3 schematically shows a combination according to the invention with a further functional layer element, for example a HUD layer 15, i.e. a functional layer, for example a transparent reflective layer that enables a HUD display. The reflective layer 9 provided on the interior-side surface IV of the inner pane 3, as well as the masking strip 5 applied in this area as an opaque background, are in this embodiment preferably only locally limited to the lower edge region 11 of the composite pane 1 and thus do not influence an HUD layer applied at least in the see-through region D of the composite pane 1. Because the reflective layer 9 is positioned on the interior-side surface IV of the composite pane 1, the HUD layer 15 can be applied independently of this to one of the internal surfaces of the composite pane 1 and is there protected from environmental influences.To protect the reflection layer 9, a transparent protective layer 7, for example a coating based on silicon oxide (SiO. x ), silicon nitride, titanium oxide, zirconium oxide, hafnium oxide, niobium oxide, tantalum oxide, aluminum oxide, aluminum nitride, or based on Al, Ti, Zr, Hf, and / or B doped

[0097] Silicon oxide or silicon nitride is provided, which advantageously seals the reflective layer 9 and, preferably, also the entire interior-side surface IV of the inner pane 3 not covered by the reflective layer 9, is particularly scratch-resistant, and in particular also protects the reflective layer 9 from corrosion. The composite pane 1 can thus be available for a longer service life for a high-quality display in a projection arrangement 100.

[0098] List of reference symbols

[0099] 1 composite pane

[0100] 2 outer pane

[0101] 3 inner pane

[0102] 4 thermoplastic intermediate layer

[0103] 5 masking strips

[0104] 7 Protective layer

[0105] 8 Image display device

[0106] 9 Reflective layer

[0107] 10,10' light (preferably p-polarized light)

[0108] 11, 11', 11" edge area

[0109] 12 Vehicle interior

[0110] 13 external environment

[0111] 15 HUD layer (functional layer element)

[0112] 100 projection arrangement

[0113] I (outside) outside surface of the outer pane 2

[0114] II (inside) interior surface of the outer pane 2

[0115] III (outside) outside surface of the inner pane 3

[0116] IV (inside) interior surface of the inner pane 3

[0117] D See-through area

[0118] A-A' section line

[0119] Z enlarged area

Claims

Patent claims 1. Composite pane (1), in particular for a projection arrangement (100) in a vehicle, at least comprising an outer pane (2), a thermoplastic intermediate layer (4), an inner pane (3) and a reflective layer (9) which is suitable for reflecting light, in particular p-polarized light, wherein the outer pane (2) has an outer surface (I) and an interior surface (II) and the inner pane (3) has an outer surface (III) and an interior surface (IV), and the reflective layer (9) is arranged on the interior surface (IV) of the inner pane (3), characterized in that the reflective layer (9) is arranged in at least a first partial region of the composite pane (1), in which, in the direction of viewing through the composite pane (1), starting from the interior surface (IV) of the inner pane (3),the reflection layer (9) is formed spatially in front of an opaque background and a transparent protective layer (7) is arranged at least on the reflection layer (9) and furthermore, at least in regions, preferably on the entire interior-side surface (IV) of the inner pane (3) not covered by the reflection layer (9), wherein the protective layer (7) is based on silicon oxide (SiO, x ), silicon nitride, titanium oxide, zirconium oxide, hafnium oxide, niobium oxide, tantalum oxide, aluminum oxide, aluminum nitride, or based on silicon oxide or silicon nitride doped with Al, Ti, Zr, Hf, and / or B.

2. Composite pane (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the transparent protective layer (7) has a thickness in the range from 1 nm to 100 nm, preferably 5 nm to 50 nm, particularly preferably 10 nm to 40 nm.

3. Composite pane (1) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the transparent protective layer (7) is a single layer.

4. Composite pane (1) according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the reflective layer (9) comprises a coating based on at least one metal selected from a group consisting of aluminum, tin, titanium, copper, nickel, chromium, cobalt, iron, manganese, zirconium, cerium, yttrium, silver, gold, platinum or palladium, or mixtures thereof.

5. Composite pane (1) according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the reflective layer (9) is formed as a coating based on aluminum or NiCr mixed alloy.

6. Composite pane (1) according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the reflection layer (9) is formed in a total layer thickness of 1 nm to 100 nm, preferably of 5 nm to 50 nm and particularly preferably of 8 nm to 25 nm.

7. Composite pane (1) according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the opaque background is a masking strip (5) which is arranged at least in regions, preferably in an edge region (11, 11', 11"), of the composite pane (1).

8. Composite pane (1) according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the opaque background is formed as a cover print on the outside surface (I) and / or the inside surface (II) of the outer pane (2) and / or the outside surface (III) of the inner pane (3).

9. Composite pane (1) according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the opaque background is formed by a thermoplastic intermediate layer (4) which is colored or tinted at least in the region of the opaque background.

10. Composite pane (1) according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that a functional layer element (15), in particular a transparent reflection layer for a head-up display, is arranged in a see-through area (D) of the composite pane (1) between the interior-side surface (II) of the outer pane (2) and the outside surface (III) of the inner pane (3).

11. Projection arrangement (100) comprising: - a composite pane (1) according to one of claims 1 to 10; - an image display device (8) associated with the reflection layer (9), which is directed onto the reflection layer (9) and irradiates it with light (10), in particular p-polarized light, the reflection layer (9) reflecting the light (10').

12. A method for producing a composite pane (1) according to one of the preceding claims 1 to 10, comprising the steps (a) providing an outer pane (2), an inner pane (3) and a thermoplastic composite film for forming the intermediate layer (4), (b) providing at least one opaque background in at least a first partial area, preferably as an opaque covering layer of the interior surface (II) and / or the exterior surface (I) of the outer pane and / or the exterior surface (II) of the inner pane or as a partially colored or tinted composite film, (c) applying a reflective layer (9) to at least one display area of ​​the interior-side surface (IV) of the inner pane (3), wherein the display area is arranged in the viewing direction in planar overlap with the first partial area, wherein the applied reflective layer (9) is initially arranged as a layer exposed to an interior space (12) on the interior-side surface (IV) of the inner pane (3), (d) applying a transparent protective layer (7) at least to the reflective layer (9) and furthermore, at least in regions, preferably on the entire interior-side surface (IV) of the inner pane (3) not covered by the reflective layer (9), (e) assembling the inner pane (3), the thermoplastic composite film for forming the intermediate layer (4) and the outer pane (2) in this order to form a layer stack, (f) laminating the layer stack formed in step e) to form the composite pane (1).

13. The method according to claim 12, characterized in that the transparent protective layer (7) is applied to the reflection layer (9) by means of chemical (CVD) or physical vapor deposition (PVD), preferably by cathode sputtering, particularly preferably by magnetic field assisted cathode sputtering, and is additionally formed at least in regions on the interior-side surface (IV) of the inner pane (3).

14. A method for producing a projection arrangement (100) comprising a composite pane (1) according to one of claims 1 to 10 and / or produced by a method according to one of claims 12 or 13, comprising step (g) providing and aligning a light source, preferably for p-polarized light, onto the composite pane (1), in particular onto the display area with the reflective layer (9).

15. Use of a composite pane (1) according to one of claims 1 to 10 as a windscreen, rear window or side windows, preferably as Windshield in a vehicle.

Images