Signal using on-off keying and phase modulation

Abstract

Various aspects of the present disclosure generally relate to wireless communication. In some aspects, a user equipment (UE) may receive a signal, wherein the signal includes first information in accordance with an on-off keying (OOK) modulation and second information in accordance with a phase modulation. The UE may communicate in accordance with the first information or the second information. Numerous other aspects are described.

Description

SIGNAL USING ON-OFF KEYING AND PHASE MODULATIONCROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0001] This Patent Application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 633,477, filed on April 12, 2024, entitled “SIGNAL USING ON-OFF KEYING AND PHASE MODULATION,” and U.S. Nonprovisional Patent Application No. 19 / 006,764, filed on December 31, 2024, entitled “SIGNAL USING ON-OFF KEYING AND PHASE MODULATION,” and assigned to the assignee hereof. The disclosures of the prior Applications are considered part of and are incorporated by reference into this Patent Application.FIELD OF THE DISCLOSURE

[0002] Aspects of the present disclosure generally relate to wireless communication and specifically relate to techniques, apparatuses, and methods for a signal using on-off keying and phase modulation.BACKGROUND

[0003] Wireless communication systems are widely deployed to provide various services that may include carrying voice, text, messaging, video, data, and / or other traffic. The services may include unicast, multicast, and / or broadcast services, among other examples. Typical wireless communication systems may employ multiple-access radio access technologies (RATs) capable of supporting communication with multiple users by sharing available system resources (for example, time domain resources, frequency domain resources, spatial domain resources, and / or device transmit power, among other examples). Examples of such multiple-access RATs include code division multiple access (CDMA) systems, time division multiple access (TDMA) systems, frequency division multiple access (FDMA) systems, orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) systems, single-carrier frequency division multiple access (SC- FDMA) systems, and time division synchronous code division multiple access (TD-SCDMA) systems.

[0004] The above multiple-access RATs have been adopted in various telecommunication standards to provide common protocols that enable different wireless communication devices to communicate on a municipal, national, regional, or global level. An example telecommunication standard is New Radio (NR). NR, which may also be referred to as 5G, is part of a continuous mobile broadband evolution promulgated by the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP). NR (and other mobile broadband evolutions beyond NR) may be designed to better support Internet of things (loT) and reduced capability device deployments, industrial connectivity, millimeter wave (mmWave) expansion, licensed and unlicensed spectrum access, non-terrestrial network (NTN) deployment, sidelink and other device-to- device direct communication technologies (for example, cellular vehicle-to-everything (CV2X) communication), massive multiple -input multiple-output (MIMO), disaggregated networkarchitectures and network topology expansions, multiple-subscriber implementations, high- precision positioning, and / or radio frequency (RF) sensing, among other examples. As the demand for mobile broadband access continues to increase, further improvements in NR may be implemented, and other radio access technologies such as 6G may be introduced, to further advance mobile broadband evolution.SUMMARY

[0005] In some aspects, a method of wireless communication performed by a user equipment (UE) includes receiving a signal, wherein the signal includes first information in accordance with an on-off keying (OOK) modulation and second information in accordance with a phase modulation; and communicating in accordance with the first information or the second information.

[0006] In some aspects, a method of wireless communication performed by a network node includes transmitting, to a UE, a signal, wherein the signal includes first information in accordance with an OOK modulation and second information in accordance with a phase modulation; and communicating in accordance with the first information or the second information.

[0007] In some aspects, an apparatus for wireless communication at a UE includes one or more memories; and one or more processors, coupled to the one or more memories, configured to cause the UE to: receive a signal, wherein the signal includes first information in accordance with an OOK modulation and second information in accordance with a phase modulation; and communicate in accordance with the first information or the second information.

[0008] In some aspects, an apparatus for wireless communication at a network node includes one or more memories; and one or more processors, coupled to the one or more memories, configured to cause the network node to: transmit, to a UE, a signal, wherein the signal includes first information in accordance with an OOK modulation and second information in accordance with a phase modulation; and communicate in accordance with the first information or the second information.

[0009] In some aspects, a non-transitory computer-readable medium storing a set of instructions for wireless communication includes one or more instructions that, when executed by one or more processors of a UE, cause the UE to: receive a signal, wherein the signal includes first information in accordance with an OOK modulation and second information in accordance with a phase modulation; and communicate in accordance with the first information or the second information.

[0010] In some aspects, a non-transitory computer-readable medium storing a set of instructions for wireless communication includes one or more instructions that, when executed by one or more processors of a network node, cause the network node to: transmit, to a UE, asignal, wherein the signal includes first information in accordance with an OOK modulation and second information in accordance with a phase modulation; and communicate in accordance with the first information or the second information.

[0011] In some aspects, an apparatus for wireless communication includes means for receiving a signal, wherein the signal includes first information in accordance with an OOK modulation and second information in accordance with a phase modulation; and means for communicating in accordance with the first information or the second information.

[0012] In some aspects, an apparatus for wireless communication includes means for transmitting, to a UE, a signal, wherein the signal includes first information in accordance with an OOK modulation and second information in accordance with a phase modulation; and means for communicating in accordance with the first information or the second information.

[0013] Aspects of the present disclosure may generally be implemented by or as a method, apparatus, system, computer program product, non-transitory computer-readable medium, user equipment, base station, network node, network entity, wireless communication device, and / or processing system as substantially described with reference to, and as illustrated by, the specification and accompanying drawings.

[0014] The foregoing paragraphs of this section have broadly summarized some aspects of the present disclosure. These and additional aspects and associated advantages will be described hereinafter. The disclosed aspects may be used as a basis for modifying or designing other aspects for carrying out the same or similar purposes of the present disclosure. Such equivalent aspects do not depart from the scope of the appended claims. Characteristics of the aspects disclosed herein, both their organization and method of operation, together with associated advantages, will be better understood from the following description when considered in connection with the accompanying drawings.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] The appended drawings illustrate some aspects of the present disclosure, but are not limiting of the scope of the present disclosure because the description may enable other aspects. Each of the drawings is provided for purposes of illustration and description, and not as a definition of the limits of the claims. The same or similar reference numbers in different drawings may identify the same or similar elements.

[0016] Fig. 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless communication network in accordance with the present disclosure.

[0017] Fig. 2 is a diagram illustrating an example network node in communication with an example user equipment (UE) in a wireless network in accordance with the present disclosure.

[0018] Fig. 3 is a diagram illustrating an example disaggregated base station architecture in accordance with the present disclosure.

[0019] Fig. 4 is a diagram illustrating an example of a low-power wakeup radio (LP-WUR) and a low-power wakeup signal (LP-WUS), in accordance with the present disclosure.

[0020] Fig. 5 is a diagram illustrating an example of a discontinuous reception (DRX) cycle using an LP-WUR and a main radio of a UE, in accordance with the present disclosure.

[0021] Fig. 6 is a diagram illustrating examples of on-off keying (OOK) modulation and an example of OOK modulation with Manchester coding, in accordance with the present disclosure.

[0022] Fig. 7 is a diagram illustrating an example of a signal including first information using OOK modulation and second information using amplitude modulation, in accordance with the present disclosure.

[0023] Fig. 8 is a diagram illustrating an example process performed, for example, at a UE or an apparatus of a UE, in accordance with the present disclosure.

[0024] Fig. 9 is a diagram illustrating an example process performed, for example, at a network node or an apparatus of a network node, in accordance with the present disclosure.

[0025] Fig. 10 is a diagram of an example apparatus for wireless communication, in accordance with the present disclosure.

[0026] Fig. 11 is a diagram of an example apparatus for wireless communication, in accordance with the present disclosure.DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] Various aspects of the present disclosure are described hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, aspects of the present disclosure may be embodied in many different forms and is not to be construed as limited to any specific aspect illustrated by or described with reference to an accompanying drawing or otherwise presented in this disclosure. Rather, these aspects are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the disclosure to those skilled in the art. One skilled in the art may appreciate that the scope of the disclosure is intended to cover any aspect of the disclosure disclosed herein, whether implemented independently of or in combination with any other aspect of the disclosure. For example, an apparatus may be implemented or a method may be practiced using various combinations or quantities of the aspects set forth herein. In addition, the scope of the disclosure is intended to cover an apparatus having, or a method that is practiced using, other structures and / or functionalities in addition to or other than the structures and / or functionalities with which various aspects of the disclosure set forth herein may be practiced. Any aspect of the disclosure disclosed herein may be embodied by one or more elements of a claim.

[0028] Several aspects of telecommunication systems will now be presented with reference to various methods, operations, apparatuses, and techniques. These methods, operations,apparatuses, and techniques will be described in the following detailed description and illustrated in the accompanying drawings by various blocks, modules, components, circuits, steps, processes, or algorithms (collectively referred to as “elements”). These elements may be implemented using hardware, software, or a combination of hardware and software. Whether such elements are implemented as hardware or software depends upon the particular application and design constraints imposed on the overall system.

[0029] A wireless communication system may provide for communication between network nodes and user equipments (UEs). These communications may consume some amount of power. For example, a UE may consume a lower amount of power while in a low power state (such as while not connected to a network or while waiting for paging from the network), and may consume a higher amount of power while in a full power state (such as while actively communicating with a network node or while monitoring for control information from the network). Certain components of the UE may consume a significant amount of power. For example, a main radio of the UE, which may support bidirectional communication (such as both transmission and reception), multi-layer communication, or larger bandwidths (such as a communication bandwidth of the UE), may consume power while active, such as in the course of communicating or monitoring for control information.

[0030] Some techniques provide power savings at the UE by limiting the amount or ratio of time in which the main radio is active, relative to the amount of time in which the main radio is inactive or powered down. For example, a discontinuous reception (DRX) cycle may provide off durations (sometimes referred to as inactive times, sleep durations, or the like) in which the main radio is inactive, and on durations in which the main radio is active. The UE (using the main radio) may monitor for a paging physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) during the on duration, and may extend the on duration if a paging PDCCH is received, which facilitates further communication in accordance with the paging PDCCH. Thus, power consumption of the main radio may be reduced by reducing the amount of time in which the main radio is active and / or monitoring for a paging PDCCH.

[0031] While the DRX cycle reduces power consumption at the UE and the network, further power savings may be desirable, particularly in 5G, 6G, and similar radio access technologies (RATs) where beamforming and high-frequency communication cause increased power consumption relative to other RATs. To achieve further power savings, a UE may include or be associated with a low-power wakeup radio (LP-WUR). The LP-WUR may consume less power than the main radio. The LP-WUR may facilitate indication, from the network, for the UE to exit a low power state, such as by waking up the main radio. For example, while the main radio is in a low power state, the LP-WUR may receive a signal referred to as a low-power wakeup signal (LP-WUS), and may trigger the main radio to exit the low power state. Notably, the LP- WU S / LP-WUR can be implemented in conjunction with a DRX cycle, such that the main radiomay skip an on duration if the LP-WUR has not received an LP-WUS in association with (e.g., before) the on duration, thereby further reducing power consumption relative to waking up in an on duration in which the UE will not receive a paging PDCCH. In some examples, the network node may transmit a low-power synchronization signal (LP-SS), which may facilitate synchronization by the UE using the LP-WUR, thereby mitigating the effects of clock and / or frequency drift in periods of inactivity.

[0032] In some examples, an LP-WUS may be generated using on-off keying (OOK) modulation. In OOK modulation, a signal may have two amplitude states, where a first amplitude state (e.g., an “on” state or non-zero amplitude state) is associated with a first bit value and a second amplitude state (e.g., an “off’ state or substantially zero amplitude state) is associated with a second bit value. By manipulating the amplitude of a signal over time, a sequence of bit values can be conveyed. In some examples, the LP-WUS may use Manchester coding in addition to OOK modulation. In Manchester coding, instead of a first amplitude state corresponding to a first bit value, a transition from the first amplitude state to a second amplitude state may correspond to the first bit value. A transition from the second amplitude state to the first amplitude state may correspond to a second bit value. OOK modulation may be beneficial for LP-WURs since an OOK-modulated signal can be detected using a relatively simple envelope detector.

[0033] While some amount of information can be provided via OOK modulation, the data capacity of an OOK-modulated signal (for example, a signal modulated using only OOK) may be insufficient for certain purposes. For example, a UE implementing an LP-WUR may benefit from information regarding the signal or the network node, such as beam information, transmit power information, a target UE or cell identifier, or the like. Furthermore, some signals modulated using OOK may provide imprecise timing information, for example, if a pattern of the OOK modulation does not allow a UE to identify a timing of the signal. Still further, OOK modulation may not fully utilize available data capacity of the signal if the LP-WUR is capable of handling other forms of modulation such as phase shift keying (PSK), which reduces spectral efficiency.

[0034] Various aspects relate generally to transmission of a signal such as an LP-WUS or an LP-SS using both OOK modulation and phase modulation. For example, the signal may be modulated using OOK such that the signal includes a sequence defined by on durations and off durations (in the amplitude domain). Furthermore, a phase of the signal may also be manipulated such that a phase, or sequence of phases, conveys information separate from the OOK modulation. Thus, the signal may be implemented using both OOK modulation and phase modulation. Some aspects relate to providing first information using OOK modulation of the signal and second information using phase modulation of the signal. In some aspects, the first information may be independent from the second information. For example, unlike somemodulation schemes where a symbol comprising multiple bits is modulated onto a signal using a combination of phase modulation and amplitude modulation, aspects provided herein provide for a first set of information to be conveyed using OOK modulation, and a second set of information, independent from the first set of information, to be conveyed using phase modulation.

[0035] In some aspects, the second information may indicate a transmit power of the signal, such as a transmit power offset relative to another signal. In some aspects, the second information (e.g., a sequence of phases generated by the phase modulation) may provide for synchronization of the UE using the sequence of phases. For example, the sequence of phases may be known to the UE, and the UE may align in time or in frequency with the network node according to the known sequence of phases. In some aspects, the second information may indicate a target UE, UE group, or cell of the signal. In some aspects, the second information may be included in an on duration (e.g., a first amplitude state) of the OOK modulation, and may indicate whether the on duration is associated with a first bit value or a second bit value.

[0036] Particular aspects of the subject matter described in this disclosure can be implemented to realize one or more of the following potential advantages. In some examples, by providing first information using OOK modulation of the signal and second information using phase modulation of the signal, data capacity of the signal is improved while maintaining compatibility of the signal with UEs that can receive only OOK modulation. By providing first information independent from the second information, reception is simplified relative to higher- order modulation schemes, and the first information can still be conveyed to UEs that do not support phase modulation or demodulation.

[0037] By indicating a transmit power of the signal, such as a transmit power offset relative to another signal, synchronization of the UE with the network is simplified relative to providing another signal indicating a transmit power offset. By providing a known sequence of phases, the UE may align in time or in frequency with the network node according to the known sequence of phases, enabling simultaneous time / frequency synchronization and wakeup indication. By indicating a target UE, UE group, or cell of the signal, energy savings for nonindicated UEs can be achieved. By providing the second information in an on duration (e.g., a first amplitude state) of the OOK modulation, and indicating whether the on duration is associated with a first bit value or a second bit value, reliability of Manchester coding may be improved and / or misinterpretation of amplitude states due to time drift may be reduced.

[0038] Techniques described herein may differ from amplitude and phase shift keying (APSK). For example, when using OOK and phase modulation, a signal may have only on (amplitude > 0) and off (amplitude = 0) durations, and phase may be manipulated only in on durations. The phase modulation may use multiple phases, and the signal may use a combination of 1 amplitude value (greater than 0) and the multiple phases. In APSK, there maybe amplitudes (all greater than 0) and multiple phases, and you use the combination of the multiple amplitudes and the multiple phases to convey information. The approach of OOK and phase modulation may simplify receiver design and operation relative to APSK.

[0039] Multiple-access RATs have been adopted in various telecommunication standards to provide common protocols that enable wireless communication devices to communicate on a municipal, enterprise, national, regional, or global level. For example, 5G New Radio (NR) is part of a continuous mobile broadband evolution promulgated by the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP). 5G NR supports various technologies and use cases including enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), ultra-reliable low-latency communication (URLLC), massive machine-type communication (rnMTC), millimeter wave (mmWave) technology, beamforming, network slicing, edge computing, Internet of Things (loT) connectivity and management, and network function virtualization (NFV).

[0040] As the demand for broadband access increases and as technologies supported by wireless communication networks evolve, further technological improvements may be adopted in or implemented for 5G NR or future RATs, such as 6G, to further advance the evolution of wireless communication for a wide variety of existing and new use cases and applications. Such technological improvements may be associated with new frequency band expansion, licensed and unlicensed spectrum access, overlapping spectrum use, small cell deployments, nonterrestrial network (NTN) deployments, disaggregated network architectures and network topology expansion, device aggregation, advanced duplex communication, sidelink and other device-to-device direct communication, loT (including passive or ambient loT) networks, reduced capability (RedCap) UE functionality, industrial connectivity, multiple-subscriber implementations, high-precision positioning, radio frequency (RF) sensing, and / or artificial intelligence or machine learning (AI / ML), among other examples. These technological improvements may support use cases such as wireless backhauls, wireless data centers, extended reality (XR) and metaverse applications, meta services for supporting vehicle connectivity, holographic and mixed reality communication, autonomous and collaborative robots, vehicle platooning and cooperative maneuvering, sensing networks, gesture monitoring, human-brain interfacing, digital twin applications, asset management, and universal coverage applications using non-terrestrial and / or aerial platforms, among other examples. The methods, operations, apparatuses, and techniques described herein may enable one or more of the foregoing technologies and / or support one or more of the foregoing use cases.

[0041] Fig. 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless communication network 100 in accordance with the present disclosure. The wireless communication network 100 may be or may include elements of a 5G (or NR) network or a 6G network, among other examples. The wireless communication network 100 may include multiple network nodes 110, shown as a network node (NN) 110a, a network node 110b, a network node 110c, and a network node 1 lOd.The network nodes 110 may support communications with multiple UEs 120, shown as a UE 120a, a UE 120b, a UE 120c, a UE 120d, and a UE 120e.

[0042] The network nodes 110 and the UEs 120 of the wireless communication network 100 may communicate using the electromagnetic spectrum, which may be subdivided by frequency or wavelength into various classes, bands, carriers, and / or channels. For example, devices of the wireless communication network 100 may communicate using one or more operating bands. In some aspects, multiple wireless communication networks 100 may be deployed in a given geographic area. Each wireless communication network 100 may support a particular RAT (which may also be referred to as an air interface) and may operate on one or more carrier frequencies in one or more frequency ranges. Examples of RATs include a 4G RAT, a 5G / NR RAT, and / or a 6G RAT, among other examples. In some examples, when multiple RATs are deployed in a given geographic area, each RAT in the geographic area may operate on different frequencies to avoid interference with one another.

[0043] Various operating bands have been defined as frequency range designations FR1 (410 MHz through 7.125 GHz), FR2 (24.25 GHz through 52.6 GHz), FR3 (7.125 GHz through 24.25 GHz), FR4a or FR4-1 (52.6 GHz through 71 GHz), FR4 (52.6 GHz through 114.25 GHz), and FR5 (114.25 GHz through 300 GHz). Although a portion of FR1 is greater than 6 GHz, FR1 is often referred to (interchangeably) as a “Sub-6 GHz” band in some documents and articles. Similarly, FR2 is often referred to (interchangeably) as a “millimeter wave” band in some documents and articles, despite being different than the extremely high frequency (EHF) band (30 GHz through 300 GHz), which is identified by the International Telecommunications Union (ITU) as a “millimeter wave” band. The frequencies between FR1 and FR2 are often referred to as mid-band frequencies, which include FR3. Frequency bands falling within FR3 may inherit FR1 characteristics or FR2 characteristics, and thus may effectively extend features of FR1 or FR2 into mid-band frequencies. Thus, “sub-6 GHz,” if used herein, may broadly refer to frequencies that are less than 6 GHz, that are within FR1, and / or that are included in mid-band frequencies. Similarly, the term “millimeter wave,” if used herein, may broadly refer to frequencies that are included in mid-band frequencies, that are within FR2, FR4, FR4-a or FR4- 1, or FR5, and / or that are within the EHF band. Higher frequency bands may extend 5G NR operation, 6G operation, and / or other RATs beyond 52.6 GHz. For example, each of FR4a, FR4-1, FR4, and FR5 falls within the EHF band. In some examples, the wireless communication network 100 may implement dynamic spectrum sharing (DSS), in which multiple RATs (for example, 4G / Long-Term Evolution (LTE) and 5G / NR) are implemented with dynamic bandwidth allocation (for example, based on user demand) in a single frequency band. It is contemplated that the frequencies included in these operating bands (for example, FR1, FR2, FR3, FR4, FR4-a, FR4-1, and / or FR5) may be modified, and techniques described herein may be applicable to those modified frequency ranges.

[0044] A network node 110 may include one or more devices, components, or systems that enable communication between a UE 120 and one or more devices, components, or systems of the wireless communication network 100. A network node 110 may be, may include, or may also be referred to as an NR network node, a 5G network node, a 6G network node, a Node B, an eNB, a gNB, an access point (AP), a transmission reception point (TRP), a mobility element, a core, a network entity, a network element, a network equipment, and / or another type of device, component, or system included in a radio access network (RAN).

[0045] A network node 110 may be implemented as a single physical node (for example, a single physical structure) or may be implemented as two or more physical nodes (for example, two or more distinct physical structures). For example, a network node 110 may be a device or system that implements part of a radio protocol stack, a device or system that implements a full radio protocol stack (such as a full gNB protocol stack), or a collection of devices or systems that collectively implement the full radio protocol stack. For example, and as shown, a network node 110 may be an aggregated network node (having an aggregated architecture), meaning that the network node 110 may implement a full radio protocol stack that is physically and logically integrated within a single node (for example, a single physical structure) in the wireless communication network 100. For example, an aggregated network node 110 may consist of a single standalone base station or a single TRP that uses a full radio protocol stack to enable or facilitate communication between a UE 120 and a core network of the wireless communication network 100.

[0046] Alternatively, and as also shown, a network node 110 may be a disaggregated network node (sometimes referred to as a disaggregated base station), meaning that the network node 110 may implement a radio protocol stack that is physically distributed and / or logically distributed among two or more nodes in the same geographic location or in different geographic locations. For example, a disaggregated network node may have a disaggregated architecture. In some deployments, disaggregated network nodes 110 may be used in an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) network, in an open radio access network (O-RAN) (such as a network configuration in compliance with the O-RAN Alliance), or in a virtualized radio access network (vRAN), also known as a cloud radio access network (C-RAN), to facilitate scaling by separating base station functionality into multiple units that can be individually deployed.

[0047] The network nodes 110 of the wireless communication network 100 may include one or more central units (CUs), one or more distributed units (DUs), and / or one or more radio units (RUs). A CU may host one or more higher layer control functions, such as radio resource control (RRC) functions, packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) functions, and / or service data adaptation protocol (SDAP) functions, among other examples. A DU may host one or more of a radio link control (RLC) layer, a medium access control (MAC) layer, and / or one or more higher physical (PHY) layers depending, at least in part, on a functional split, such as afunctional split defined by the 3GPP. In some examples, a DU also may host one or more lower PHY layer functions, such as a fast Fourier transform (FFT), an inverse FFT (iFFT), beamforming, physical random access channel (PRACH) extraction and filtering, and / or scheduling of resources for one or more UEs 120, among other examples. An RU may host RF processing functions or lower PHY layer functions, such as an FFT, an iFFT, beamforming, or PRACH extraction and filtering, among other examples, according to a functional split, such as a lower layer functional split. In such an architecture, each RU can be operated to handle over the air (OTA) communication with one or more UEs 120.

[0048] In some aspects, a single network node 110 may include a combination of one or more CUs, one or more DUs, and / or one or more RUs. Additionally, or alternatively, a network node 110 may include one or more Near-Real Time (Near-RT) RAN Intelligent Controllers (RICs) and / or one or more Non-Real Time (Non-RT) RICs. In some examples, a CU, a DU, and / or an RU may be implemented as a virtual unit, such as a virtual central unit (VCU), a virtual distributed unit (VDU), or a virtual radio unit (VRU), among other examples. A virtual unit may be implemented as a virtual network function, such as associated with a cloud deployment.

[0049] Some network nodes 110 (for example, a base station, an RU, or a TRP) may provide communication coverage for a particular geographic area. In the 3 GPP, the term “cell” can refer to a coverage area of a network node 110 or to a network node 110 itself, depending on the context in which the term is used. A network node 110 may support one or multiple (for example, three) cells. In some examples, a network node 110 may provide communication coverage for a macro cell, a pico cell, a femto cell, or another type of cell. A macro cell may cover a relatively large geographic area (for example, several kilometers in radius) and may allow unrestricted access by UEs 120 with service subscriptions. A pico cell may cover a relatively small geographic area and may allow unrestricted access by UEs 120 with service subscriptions. A femto cell may cover a relatively small geographic area (for example, a home) and may allow restricted access by UEs 120 having association with the femto cell (for example, UEs 120 in a closed subscriber group (CSG)). A network node 110 for a macro cell may be referred to as a macro network node. A network node 110 for a pico cell may be referred to as a pico network node. A network node 110 for a femto cell may be referred to as a femto network node or an in-home network node. In some examples, a cell may not necessarily be stationary. For example, the geographic area of the cell may move according to the location of an associated mobile network node 110 (for example, a train, a satellite base station, an unmanned aerial vehicle, or an NTN network node).

[0050] The wireless communication network 100 may be a heterogeneous network that includes network nodes 110 of different types, such as macro network nodes, pico network nodes, femto network nodes, relay network nodes, aggregated network nodes, and / ordisaggregated network nodes, among other examples. In the example shown in Fig. 1, the network node 110a may be a macro network node for a macro cell 130a, the network node 110b may be a pico network node for a pico cell 130b, and the network node 110c may be a femto network node for a femto cell 130c. Various different types of network nodes 110 may generally transmit at different power levels, serve different coverage areas, and / or have different impacts on interference in the wireless communication network 100 than other types of network nodes 110. For example, macro network nodes may have a high transmit power level (for example, 5 to 40 watts), whereas pico network nodes, femto network nodes, and relay network nodes may have lower transmit power levels (for example, 0.1 to 2 watts).

[0051] In some examples, a network node 110 may be, may include, or may operate as an RU, a TRP, or a base station that communicates with one or more UEs 120 via a radio access link (which may be referred to as a “Un” link). The radio access link may include a downlink and an uplink. “Downlink” (or “DL”) refers to a communication direction from a network node 110 to a UE 120, and “uplink” (or “UL”) refers to a communication direction from a UE 120 to a network node 110. Downlink channels may include one or more control channels and one or more data channels. A downlink control channel may be used to transmit downlink control information (DCI) (for example, scheduling information, reference signals, and / or configuration information) from a network node 110 to a UE 120. A downlink data channel may be used to transmit downlink data (for example, user data associated with a UE 120) from a network node 110 to a UE 120. Downlink control channels may include one or more physical downlink control channels (PDCCHs), and downlink data channels may include one or more physical downlink shared channels (PDSCHs). Uplink channels may similarly include one or more control channels and one or more data channels. An uplink control channel may be used to transmit uplink control information (UCI) (for example, reference signals and / or feedback corresponding to one or more downlink transmissions) from a UE 120 to a network node 110. An uplink data channel may be used to transmit uplink data (for example, user data associated with a UE 120) from a UE 120 to a network node 110. Uplink control channels may include one or more physical uplink control channels (PUCCHs), and uplink data channels may include one or more physical uplink shared channels (PUSCHs). The downlink and the uplink may each include a set of resources on which the network node 110 and the UE 120 may communicate.

[0052] Downlink and uplink resources may include time domain resources (frames, subframes, slots, and / or symbols), frequency domain resources (frequency bands, component carriers, subcarriers, resource blocks, and / or resource elements), and / or spatial domain resources (particular transmit directions and / or beam parameters). Frequency domain resources of some bands may be subdivided into bandwidth parts (BWPs). A BWP may be a continuous block of frequency domain resources (for example, a continuous block of resource blocks) that areallocated for one or more UEs 120. A UE 120 may be configured with both an uplink BWP and a downlink BWP (where the uplink BWP and the downlink BWP may be the same BWP or different BWPs). A BWP may be dynamically configured (for example, by a network node 110 transmitting a DCI configuration to the one or more UEs 120) and / or reconfigured, which means that a BWP can be adjusted in real-time (or near-real-time) based on changing network conditions in the wireless communication network 100 and / or based on the specific requirements of the one or more UEs 120. This enables more efficient use of the available frequency domain resources in the wireless communication network 100 because fewer frequency domain resources may be allocated to a BWP for a UE 120 (which may reduce the quantity of frequency domain resources that a UE 120 is required to monitor), leaving more frequency domain resources to be spread across multiple UEs 120. Thus, BWPs may also assist in the implementation of lower-capability UEs 120 by facilitating the configuration of smaller bandwidths for communication by such UEs 120.

[0053] As described above, in some aspects, the wireless communication network 100 may be, may include, or may be included in, an IAB network. In an IAB network, at least one network node 110 is an anchor network node that communicates with a core network. An anchor network node 110 may also be referred to as an IAB donor (or “lAB-donor”). The anchor network node 110 may connect to the core network via a wired backhaul link. For example, an Ng interface of the anchor network node 110 may terminate at the core network. Additionally, or alternatively, an anchor network node 110 may connect to one or more devices of the core network that provide a core access and mobility management function (AMF). An IAB network also generally includes multiple non-anchor network nodes 110, which may also be referred to as relay network nodes or simply as IAB nodes (or “lAB-nodes”). Each nonanchor network node 110 may communicate directly with the anchor network node 110 via a wireless backhaul link to access the core network, or may communicate indirectly with the anchor network node 110 via one or more other non-anchor network nodes 110 and associated wireless backhaul links that form a backhaul path to the core network. Some anchor network node 110 or other non-anchor network node 110 may also communicate directly with one or more UEs 120 via wireless access links that carry access traffic. In some examples, network resources for wireless communication (such as time resources, frequency resources, and / or spatial resources) may be shared between access links and backhaul links.

[0054] In some examples, any network node 110 that relays communications may be referred to as a relay network node, a relay station, or simply as a relay. A relay may receive a transmission of a communication from an upstream station (for example, another network node 110 or a UE 120) and transmit the communication to a downstream station (for example, a UE 120 or another network node 110). In this case, the wireless communication network 100 may include or be referred to as a “multi-hop network.” In the example shown in Fig. 1, the networknode 1 lOd (for example, a relay network node) may communicate with the network node 110a (for example, a macro network node) and the UE 120d in order to facilitate communication between the network node 110a and the UE 120d. Additionally, or alternatively, a UE 120 may be or may operate as a relay station that can relay transmissions to or from other UEs 120. A UE 120 that relays communications may be referred to as a UE relay or a relay UE, among other examples.

[0055] The UEs 120 may be physically dispersed throughout the wireless communication network 100, and each UE 120 may be stationary or mobile. A UE 120 may be, may include, or may be included in an access terminal, another terminal, a mobile station, or a subscriber unit. A UE 120 may be, include, or be coupled with a cellular phone (for example, a smart phone), a personal digital assistant (PDA), a wireless modem, a wireless communication device, a handheld device, a laptop computer, a cordless phone, a wireless local loop (WLL) station, a tablet, a camera, a gaming device, a netbook, a smartbook, an ultrabook, a medical device, a biometric device, a wearable device (for example, a smart watch, smart clothing, smart glasses, a smart wristband, and / or smart jewelry, such as a smart ring or a smart bracelet), an entertainment device (for example, a music device, a video device, and / or a satellite radio), an XR device, a vehicular component or sensor, a smart meter or sensor, industrial manufacturing equipment, a Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) device (such as a Global Positioning System device or another type of positioning device), a UE function of a network node, and / or any other suitable device or function that may communicate via a wireless medium.

[0056] A UE 120 and / or a network node 110 may include one or more chips, system-on- chips (SoCs), chipsets, packages, or devices that individually or collectively constitute or comprise a processing system. The processing system includes processor (or “processing”) circuitry in the form of one or multiple processors, microprocessors, processing units (such as central processing units (CPUs), graphics processing units (GPUs), neural processing units (NPUs) and / or digital signal processors (DSPs)), processing blocks, application-specific integrated circuits (ASIC), programmable logic devices (PLDs) (such as field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs)), or other discrete gate or transistor logic or circuitry (all of which may be generally referred to herein individually as “processors” or collectively as “the processor” or “the processor circuitry”). One or more of the processors may be individually or collectively configurable or configured to perform various functions or operations described herein. A group of processors collectively configurable or configured to perform a set of functions may include a first processor configurable or configured to perform a first function of the set and a second processor configurable or configured to perform a second function of the set, or may include the group of processors all being configured or configurable to perform the set of functions.

[0057] The processing system may further include memory circuitry in the form of one or more memory devices, memory blocks, memory elements or other discrete gate or transistor logic or circuitry, each of which may include tangible storage media such as random-access memory (RAM) or read-only memory (ROM), or combinations thereof (all of which may be generally referred to herein individually as “memories” or collectively as “the memory” or “the memory circuitry”). One or more of the memories may be coupled (for example, operatively coupled, communicatively coupled, electronically coupled, or electrically coupled) with one or more of the processors and may individually or collectively store processor-executable code (such as software) that, when executed by one or more of the processors, may configure one or more of the processors to perform various functions or operations described herein. Additionally, or alternatively, in some examples, one or more of the processors may be preconfigured to perform various functions or operations described herein without requiring configuration by software. The processing system may further include or be coupled with one or more modems (such as a Wi-Fi (for example, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) compliant) modem or a cellular (for example, 3GPP 4G LTE, 5G, or 6G compliant) modem). In some implementations, one or more processors of the processing system include or implement one or more of the modems. The processing system may further include or be coupled with multiple radios (collectively “the radio”), multiple RF chains, or multiple transceivers, each of which may in turn be coupled with one or more of multiple antennas. In some implementations, one or more processors of the processing system include or implement one or more of the radios, RF chains or transceivers. The UE 120 may include or may be included in a housing that houses components associated with the UE 120 including the processing system.

[0058] Some UEs 120 may be considered machine-type communication (MTC) UEs, evolved or enhanced machine-type communication (eMTC), UEs, further enhanced eMTC (feMTC) UEs, or enhanced feMTC (efeMTC) UEs, or further evolutions thereof, all of which may be simply referred to as “MTC UEs”). An MTC UE may be, may include, or may be included in or coupled with a robot, an uncrewed aerial vehicle, a remote device, a sensor, a meter, a monitor, and / or a location tag. Some UEs 120 may be considered loT devices and / or may be implemented as NB-IoT (narrowband loT) devices. An loT UE or NB-IoT device may be, may include, or may be included in or coupled with an industrial machine, an appliance, a refrigerator, a doorbell camera device, a home automation device, and / or a light fixture, among other examples. Some UEs 120 may be considered Customer Premises Equipment, which may include telecommunications devices that are installed at a customer location (such as a home or office) to enable access to a service provider's network (such as included in or in communication with the wireless communication network 100).

[0059] Some UEs 120 may be classified according to different categories in association with different complexities and / or different capabilities. UEs 120 in a first category may facilitate massive loT in the wireless communication network 100, and may offer low complexity and / or cost relative to UEs 120 in a second category. UEs 120 in a second category may include mission-critical loT devices, legacy UEs, baseline UEs, high-tier UEs, advanced UEs, fullcapability UEs, and / or premium UEs that are capable of URLLC, enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), and / or precise positioning in the wireless communication network 100, among other examples. A third category of UEs 120 may have mid-tier complexity and / or capability (for example, a capability between UEs 120 of the first category and UEs 120 of the second capability). A UE 120 of the third category may be referred to as a reduced capacity UE (“RedCap UE”), a mid-tier UE, an NR-Light UE, and / or an NR-Lite UE, among other examples. RedCap UEs may bridge a gap between the capability and complexity of NB-IoT devices and / or eMTC UEs, and mission-critical loT devices and / or premium UEs. RedCap UEs may include, for example, wearable devices, loT devices, industrial sensors, and / or cameras that are associated with a limited bandwidth, power capacity, and / or transmission range, among other examples. RedCap UEs may support healthcare environments, building automation, electrical distribution, process automation, transport and logistics, and / or smart city deployments, among other examples.

[0060] In some examples, two or more UEs 120 (for example, shown as UE 120a and UE 120e) may communicate directly with one another using sidelink communications (for example, without communicating by way of a network node 110 as an intermediary). As an example, the UE 120a may directly transmit data, control information, or other signaling as a sidelink communication to the UE 120e. This is in contrast to, for example, the UE 120a first transmitting data in an UL communication to a network node 110, which then transmits the data to the UE 120e in a DL communication. In various examples, the UEs 120 may transmit and receive sidelink communications using peer-to-peer (P2P) communication protocols, device-to- device (D2D) communication protocols, vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication protocols (which may include vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) protocols, vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) protocols, and / or vehicle-to-pedestrian (V2P) protocols), and / or mesh network communication protocols. In some deployments and configurations, a network node 110 may schedule and / or allocate resources for sidelink communications between UEs 120 in the wireless communication network 100. In some other deployments and configurations, a UE 120 (instead of a network node 110) may perform, or collaborate or negotiate with one or more other UEs to perform, scheduling operations, resource selection operations, and / or other operations for sidelink communications.

[0061] In various examples, some of the network nodes 110 and the UEs 120 of the wireless communication network 100 may be configured for full-duplex operation in addition to half-duplex operation. A network node 110 or a UE 120 operating in a half-duplex mode may perform only one of transmission or reception during particular time resources, such as during particular slots, symbols, or other time periods. Half-duplex operation may involve timedivision duplexing (TDD), in which DL transmissions of the network node 110 and UL transmissions of the UE 120 do not occur in the same time resources (that is, the transmissions do not overlap in time). In contrast, a network node 110 or a UE 120 operating in a full-duplex mode can transmit and receive communications concurrently (for example, in the same time resources). By operating in a full-duplex mode, network nodes 110 and / or UEs 120 may generally increase the capacity of the network and the radio access link. In some examples, full- duplex operation may involve frequency -division duplexing (FDD), in which DL transmissions of the network node 110 are performed in a first frequency band or on a first component carrier and transmissions of the UE 120 are performed in a second frequency band or on a second component carrier different than the first frequency band or the first component carrier, respectively. In some examples, full-duplex operation may be enabled for a UE 120 but not for a network node 110. For example, a UE 120 may simultaneously transmit an UL transmission to a first network node 110 and receive a DL transmission from a second network node 110 in the same time resources. In some other examples, full-duplex operation may be enabled for a network node 110 but not for a UE 120. For example, a network node 110 may simultaneously transmit a DL transmission to a first UE 120 and receive an UL transmission from a second UE 120 in the same time resources. In some other examples, full-duplex operation may be enabled for both a network node 110 and a UE 120.

[0062] In some examples, the UEs 120 and the network nodes 110 may perform MIMO communication. “MIMO” generally refers to transmitting or receiving multiple signals (such as multiple layers or multiple data streams) simultaneously over the same time and frequency resources. MIMO techniques generally exploit multipath propagation. MIMO may be implemented using various spatial processing or spatial multiplexing operations. In some examples, MIMO may support simultaneous transmission to multiple receivers, referred to as multi-user MIMO (MU-MIMO). Some RATs may employ advanced MIMO techniques, such as mTRP operation (including redundant transmission or reception on multiple TRPs), reciprocity in the time domain or the frequency domain, single-frequency -network (SFN) transmission, or non-coherent joint transmission (NC-JT).

[0063] In some aspects, the UE 120 may include a communication manager 140. As described in more detail elsewhere herein, the communication manager 140 may receive a signal, wherein the signal includes first information in accordance with an OOK modulation and second information in accordance with a phase modulation; and communicate in accordance with the first information or the second information. Additionally, or alternatively, the communication manager 140 may perform one or more other operations described herein.

[0064] In some aspects, the network node 110 may include a communication manager 150. As described in more detail elsewhere herein, the communication manager 150 may transmit, to a UE, a signal, wherein the signal includes first information in accordance with an OOK modulation and second information in accordance with a phase modulation; and communicate in accordance with the first information or the second information. Additionally, or alternatively, the communication manager 150 may perform one or more other operations described herein.

[0065] As indicated above, Fig. 1 is provided as an example. Other examples may differ from what is described with regard to Fig. 1.

[0066] Fig. 2 is a diagram illustrating an example network node 110 in communication with an example UE 120 in a wireless network in accordance with the present disclosure.

[0067] As shown in Fig. 2, the network node 110 may include a data source 212, a transmit processor 214, a transmit (TX) MIMO processor 216, a set of modems 232 (shown as 232a through 232t, where t > 1), a set of antennas 234 (shown as 234a through 234v, where v > 1), a MIMO detector 236, a receive processor 238, a data sink 239, a controller / processor 240, a memory 242, a communication unit 244, a scheduler 246, and / or a communication manager 150, among other examples. In some configurations, one or a combination of the antenna(s) 234, the modem(s) 232, the MIMO detector 236, the receive processor 238, the transmit processor 214, and / or the TX MIMO processor 216 may be included in a transceiver of the network node 110. The transceiver may be under control of and used by one or more processors, such as the controller / processor 240, and in some aspects in conjunction with processor-readable code stored in the memory 242, to perform aspects of the methods, processes, and / or operations described herein. In some aspects, the network node 110 may include one or more interfaces, communication components, and / or other components that facilitate communication with the UE 120 or another network node.

[0068] The terms “processor,” “controller,” or “controller / processor” may refer to one or more controllers and / or one or more processors. For example, reference to “a / the processor,” “a / the controller / processor,” or the like (in the singular) should be understood to refer to any one or more of the processors described in connection with Fig. 2, such as a single processor or a combination of multiple different processors. Reference to “one or more processors” should be understood to refer to any one or more of the processors described in connection with Fig. 2. For example, one or more processors of the network node 110 may include transmit processor 214, TX MIMO processor 216, MIMO detector 236, receive processor 238, and / or controller / processor 240. Similarly, one or more processors of the UE 120 may include MIMO detector 256, receive processor 258, transmit processor 264, TX MIMO processor 266, and / or controller / processor 280.

[0069] In some aspects, a single processor may perform all of the operations described as being performed by the one or more processors. In some aspects, a first set of (one or more) processors of the one or more processors may perform a first operation described as being performed by the one or more processors, and a second set of (one or more) processors of the one or more processors may perform a second operation described as being performed by the one or more processors. The first set of processors and the second set of processors may be the same set of processors or may be different sets of processors. Reference to “one or more memories” should be understood to refer to any one or more memories of a corresponding device, such as the memory described in connection with Fig. 2. For example, operation described as being performed by one or more memories can be performed by the same subset of the one or more memories or different subsets of the one or more memories.

[0070] For downlink communication from the network node 110 to the UE 120, the transmit processor 214 may receive data (“downlink data”) intended for the UE 120 (or a set of UEs that includes the UE 120) from the data source 212 (such as a data pipeline or a data queue). In some examples, the transmit processor 214 may select one or more MCSs for the UE 120 in accordance with one or more channel quality indicators (CQIs) received from the UE 120. The network node 110 may process the data (for example, including encoding the data) for transmission to the UE 120 on a downlink in accordance with the MCS(s) selected for the UE 120 to generate data symbols. The transmit processor 214 may process system information (for example, semi-static resource partitioning information (SRPI)) and / or control information (for example, CQI requests, grants, and / or upper layer signaling) and provide overhead symbols and / or control symbols. The transmit processor 214 may generate reference symbols for reference signals (for example, a cell-specific reference signal (CRS), a demodulation reference signal (DMRS), or a channel state information (CSI) reference signal (CSI-RS)) and / or synchronization signals (for example, a primary synchronization signal (PSS) or a secondary synchronization signals (SSS)).

[0071] The TX MIMO processor 216 may perform spatial processing (for example, precoding) on the data symbols, the control symbols, the overhead symbols, and / or the reference symbols, if applicable, and may provide a set of output symbol streams (for example, T output symbol streams) to the set of modems 232. For example, each output symbol stream may be provided to a respective modulator component (shown as MOD) of a modem 232. Each modem 232 may use the respective modulator component to process (for example, to modulate) a respective output symbol stream (for example, for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM)) to obtain an output sample stream. Each modem 232 may further use the respective modulator component to process (for example, convert to analog, amplify, filter, and / or upconvert) the output sample stream to obtain a time domain downlink signal. The modems232a through 232t may together transmit a set of downlink signals (for example, T downlink signals) via the corresponding set of antennas 234.

[0072] A downlink signal may include a DCI communication, a MAC control element (MAC-CE) communication, an RRC communication, a downlink reference signal, or another type of downlink communication. Downlink signals may be transmitted on a PDCCH, a PDSCH, and / or on another downlink channel. A downlink signal may carry one or more transport blocks (TBs) of data. A TB may be a unit of data that is transmitted over an air interface in the wireless communication network 100. A data stream (for example, from the data source 212) may be encoded into multiple TBs for transmission over the air interface. The quantity of TBs used to carry the data associated with a particular data stream may be associated with a TB size common to the multiple TBs. The TB size may be based on or otherwise associated with radio channel conditions of the air interface, the MCS used for encoding the data, the downlink resources allocated for transmitting the data, and / or another parameter. In general, the larger the TB size, the greater the amount of data that can be transmitted in a single transmission, which reduces signaling overhead. However, larger TB sizes may be more prone to transmission and / or reception errors than smaller TB sizes, but such errors may be mitigated by more robust error correction techniques.

[0073] For uplink communication from the UE 120 to the network node 110, uplink signals from the UE 120 may be received by an antenna 234, may be processed by a modem 232 (for example, a demodulator component, shown as DEMOD, of a modem 232), may be detected by the MIMO detector 236 (for example, a receive (Rx) MIMO processor) if applicable, and / or may be further processed by the receive processor 238 to obtain decoded data and / or control information. The receive processor 238 may provide the decoded data to a data sink 239 (which may be a data pipeline, a data queue, and / or another type of data sink) and provide the decoded control information to a processor, such as the controller / processor 240.

[0074] The network node 110 may use the scheduler 246 to schedule one or more UEs 120 for downlink or uplink communications. In some aspects, the scheduler 246 may use DCI to dynamically schedule DL transmissions to the UE 120 and / or UL transmissions from the UE 120. In some examples, the scheduler 246 may allocate recurring time domain resources and / or frequency domain resources that the UE 120 may use to transmit and / or receive communications using an RRC configuration (for example, a semi-static configuration), for example, to perform semi-persistent scheduling (SPS) or to configure a configured grant (CG) for the UE 120.

[0075] One or more of the transmit processor 214, the TX MIMO processor 216, the modem 232, the antenna 234, the MIMO detector 236, the receive processor 238, and / or the controller / processor 240 may be included in an RF chain of the network node 110. An RF chain may include one or more filters, mixers, oscillators, amplifiers, analog-to-digital converters(ADCs), and / or other devices that convert between an analog signal (such as for transmission or reception via an air interface) and a digital signal (such as for processing by one or more processors of the network node 110). In some aspects, the RF chain may be or may be included in a transceiver of the network node 110.

[0076] In some examples, the network node 110 may use the communication unit 244 to communicate with a core network and / or with other network nodes. The communication unit 244 may support wired and / or wireless communication protocols and / or connections, such as Ethernet, optical fiber, common public radio interface (CPRI), and / or a wired or wireless backhaul, among other examples. The network node 110 may use the communication unit 244 to transmit and / or receive data associated with the UE 120 or to perform network control signaling, among other examples. The communication unit 244 may include a transceiver and / or an interface, such as a network interface.

[0077] The UE 120 may include a set of antennas 252 (shown as antennas 252a through 252r, where r > 1), a set of modems 254 (shown as modems 254a through 254u, where u > 1), a MIMO detector 256, a receive processor 258, a data sink 260, a data source 262, a transmit processor 264, a TX MIMO processor 266, a controller / processor 280, a memory 282, and / or a communication manager 140, among other examples. One or more of the components of the UE 120 may be included in a housing 284. In some aspects, one or a combination of the antenna(s) 252, the modem(s) 254, the MIMO detector 256, the receive processor 258, the transmit processor 264, or the TX MIMO processor 266 may be included in a transceiver that is included in the UE 120. The transceiver may be under control of and used by one or more processors, such as the controller / processor 280, and in some aspects in conjunction with processor-readable code stored in the memory 282, to perform aspects of the methods, processes, or operations described herein. In some aspects, the UE 120 may include another interface, another communication component, and / or another component that facilitates communication with the network node 110 and / or another UE 120.

[0078] For downlink communication from the network node 110 to the UE 120, the set of antennas 252 may receive the downlink communications or signals from the network node 110 and may provide a set of received downlink signals (for example, R received signals) to the set of modems 254. For example, each received signal may be provided to a respective demodulator component (shown as DEMOD) of a modem 254. Each modem 254 may use the respective demodulator component to condition (for example, filter, amplify, downconvert, and / or digitize) a received signal to obtain input samples. Each modem 254 may use the respective demodulator component to further demodulate or process the input samples (for example, for OFDM) to obtain received symbols. The MIMO detector 256 may obtain received symbols from the set of modems 254, may perform MIMO detection on the received symbols if applicable, and may provide detected symbols. The receive processor 258 may process (forexample, decode) the detected symbols, may provide decoded data for the UE 120 to the data sink 260 (which may include a data pipeline, a data queue, and / or an application executed on the UE 120), and may provide decoded control information and system information to the controller / processor 280.

[0079] For uplink communication from the UE 120 to the network node 110, the transmit processor 264 may receive and process data (“uplink data”) from a data source 262 (such as a data pipeline, a data queue, and / or an application executed on the UE 120) and control information from the controller / processor 280. The control information may include one or more parameters, feedback, one or more signal measurements, and / or other types of control information. In some aspects, the receive processor 258 and / or the controller / processor 280 may determine, for a received signal (such as received from the network node 110 or another UE), one or more parameters relating to transmission of the uplink communication. The one or more parameters may include a reference signal received power (RSRP) parameter, a received signal strength indicator (RS SI) parameter, a reference signal received quality (RSRQ) parameter, a CQI parameter, or a transmit power control (TPC) parameter, among other examples. The control information may include an indication of the RSRP parameter, the RSSI parameter, the RSRQ parameter, the CQI parameter, the TPC parameter, and / or another parameter. The control information may facilitate parameter selection and / or scheduling for the UE 120 by the network node 110.

[0080] The transmit processor 264 may generate reference symbols for one or more reference signals, such as an uplink DMRS, an uplink sounding reference signal (SRS), and / or another type of reference signal. The symbols from the transmit processor 264 may be precoded by the TX MIMO processor 266, if applicable, and further processed by the set of modems 254 (for example, for DFT-s-OFDM or CP -OFDM). The TX MIMO processor 266 may perform spatial processing (for example, precoding) on the data symbols, the control symbols, the overhead symbols, and / or the reference symbols, if applicable, and may provide a set of output symbol streams (for example, U output symbol streams) to the set of modems 254. For example, each output symbol stream may be provided to a respective modulator component (shown as MOD) of a modem 254. Each modem 254 may use the respective modulator component to process (for example, to modulate) a respective output symbol stream (for example, for OFDM) to obtain an output sample stream. Each modem 254 may further use the respective modulator component to process (for example, convert to analog, amplify, filter, and / or upconvert) the output sample stream to obtain an uplink signal.

[0081] The modems 254a through 254u may transmit a set of uplink signals (for example, R uplink signals or U uplink symbols) via the corresponding set of antennas 252. An uplink signal may include a UCI communication, a MAC-CE communication, an RRC communication, or another type of uplink communication. Uplink signals may be transmitted on a PUSCH, aPUCCH, and / or another type of uplink channel. An uplink signal may carry one or more TBs of data. Sidelink data and control transmissions (that is, transmissions directly between two or more UEs 120) may generally use similar techniques as were described for uplink data and control transmission, and may use sidelink-specific channels such as a physical sidelink shared channel (PSSCH), a physical sidelink control channel (PSCCH), and / or a physical sidelink feedback channel (PSFCH).

[0082] One or more antennas of the set of antennas 252 or the set of antennas 234 may include, or may be included within, one or more antenna panels, one or more antenna groups, one or more sets of antenna elements, or one or more antenna arrays, among other examples. An antenna panel, an antenna group, a set of antenna elements, or an antenna array may include one or more antenna elements (within a single housing or multiple housings), a set of coplanar antenna elements, a set of non-coplanar antenna elements, or one or more antenna elements coupled with one or more transmission or reception components, such as one or more components of Fig. 2. As used herein, “antenna” can refer to one or more antennas, one or more antenna panels, one or more antenna groups, one or more sets of antenna elements, or one or more antenna arrays. “Antenna panel” can refer to a group of antennas (such as antenna elements) arranged in an array or panel, which may facilitate beamforming by manipulating parameters of the group of antennas. “Antenna module” may refer to circuitry including one or more antennas, which may also include one or more other components (such as filters, amplifiers, or processors) associated with integrating the antenna module into a wireless communication device.

[0083] In some examples, each of the antenna elements of an antenna 234 or an antenna 252 may include one or more sub-elements for radiating or receiving radio frequency signals. For example, a single antenna element may include a first sub-element cross-polarized with a second sub-element that can be used to independently transmit cross-polarized signals. The antenna elements may include patch antennas, dipole antennas, and / or other types of antennas arranged in a linear pattern, a two-dimensional pattern, or another pattern. A spacing between antenna elements may be such that signals with a desired wavelength transmitted separately by the antenna elements may interact or interfere constructively and destructively along various directions (such as to form a desired beam). For example, given an expected range of wavelengths or frequencies, the spacing may provide a quarter wavelength, a half wavelength, or another fraction of a wavelength of spacing between neighboring antenna elements to allow for the desired constructive and destructive interference patterns of signals transmitted by the separate antenna elements within that expected range.

[0084] The amplitudes and / or phases of signals transmitted via antenna elements and / or subelements may be modulated and shifted relative to each other (such as by manipulating phase shift, phase offset, and / or amplitude) to generate one or more beams, which is referred to asbeamforming. The term “beam” may refer to a directional transmission of a wireless signal toward a receiving device or otherwise in a desired direction. “Beam” may also generally refer to a direction associated with such a directional signal transmission, a set of directional resources associated with the signal transmission (for example, an angle of arrival, a horizontal direction, and / or a vertical direction), and / or a set of parameters that indicate one or more aspects of a directional signal, a direction associated with the signal, and / or a set of directional resources associated with the signal. In some implementations, antenna elements may be individually selected or deselected for directional transmission of a signal (or signals) by controlling amplitudes of one or more corresponding amplifiers and / or phases of the signal(s) to form one or more beams. The shape of a beam (such as the amplitude, width, and / or presence of side lobes) and / or the direction of a beam (such as an angle of the beam relative to a surface of an antenna array) can be dynamically controlled by modifying the phase shifts, phase offsets, and / or amplitudes of the multiple signals relative to each other.

[0085] Different UEs 120 or network nodes 110 may include different numbers of antenna elements. For example, a UE 120 may include a single antenna element, two antenna elements, four antenna elements, eight antenna elements, or a different number of antenna elements. As another example, a network node 110 may include eight antenna elements, 24 antenna elements, 64 antenna elements, 128 antenna elements, or a different number of antenna elements. Generally, a larger number of antenna elements may provide increased control over parameters for beam generation relative to a smaller number of antenna elements, whereas a smaller number of antenna elements may be less complex to implement and may use less power than a larger number of antenna elements. Multiple antenna elements may support multiple-layer transmission, in which a first layer of a communication (which may include a first data stream) and a second layer of a communication (which may include a second data stream) are transmitted using the same time and frequency resources with spatial multiplexing.

[0086] While blocks in Fig. 2 are illustrated as distinct components, the functions described above with respect to the blocks may be implemented in a single hardware, software, or combination component or in various combinations of components. For example, the functions described with respect to the transmit processor 264, the receive processor 258, and / or the TX MIMO processor 266 may be performed by or under the control of the controller / processor 280.

[0087] Fig. 3 is a diagram illustrating an example disaggregated base station architecture 300 in accordance with the present disclosure. One or more components of the example disaggregated base station architecture 300 may be, may include, or may be included in one or more network nodes (such one or more network nodes 110). The disaggregated base station architecture 300 may include a CU 310 that can communicate directly with a core network 320 via a backhaul link, or that can communicate indirectly with the core network 320 via one or more disaggregated control units, such as a Non-RT RIC 350 associated with a ServiceManagement and Orchestration (SMO) Framework 360 and / or a Near-RT RIC 370 (for example, via an E2 link). The CU 310 may communicate with one or more DUs 330 via respective midhaul links, such as via Fl interfaces. Each of the DUs 330 may communicate with one or more RUs 340 via respective fronthaul links. Each of the RUs 340 may communicate with one or more UEs 120 via respective RF access links. In some deployments, a UE 120 may be simultaneously served by multiple RUs 340.

[0088] Each of the components of the disaggregated base station architecture 300, including the CUs 310, the DUs 330, the RUs 340, the Near-RT RICs 370, the Non-RT RICs 350, and the SMO Framework 360, may include one or more interfaces or may be coupled with one or more interfaces for receiving or transmitting signals, such as data or information, via a wired or wireless transmission medium.

[0089] In some aspects, the CU 310 may be logically split into one or more CU user plane (CU-UP) units and one or more CU control plane (CU-CP) units. A CU-UP unit may communicate bidirectionally with a CU-CP unit via an interface, such as the El interface when implemented in an O-RAN configuration. The CU 310 may be deployed to communicate with one or more DUs 330, as necessary, for network control and signaling. Each DU 330 may correspond to a logical unit that includes one or more base station functions to control the operation of one or more RUs 340. For example, a DU 330 may host various layers, such as an RLC layer, a MAC layer, or one or more PHY layers, such as one or more high PHY layers or one or more low PHY layers. Each layer (which also may be referred to as a module) may be implemented with an interface for communicating signals with other layers (and modules) hosted by the DU 330, or for communicating signals with the control functions hosted by the CU 310. Each RU 340 may implement lower layer functionality. In some aspects, real-time and non-real-time aspects of control and user plane communication with the RU(s) 340 may be controlled by the corresponding DU 330.

[0090] The SMO Framework 360 may support RAN deployment and provisioning of nonvirtualized and virtualized network elements. For non-virtualized network elements, the SMO Framework 360 may support the deployment of dedicated physical resources for RAN coverage requirements, which may be managed via an operations and maintenance interface, such as an 01 interface. For virtualized network elements, the SMO Framework 360 may interact with a cloud computing platform (such as an open cloud (O-Cloud) platform 390) to perform network element life cycle management (such as to instantiate virtualized network elements) via a cloud computing platform interface, such as an 02 interface. A virtualized network element may include, but is not limited to, a CU 310, a DU 330, an RU 340, a non-RT RIC 350, and / or a Near-RT RIC 370. In some aspects, the SMO Framework 360 may communicate with a hardware aspect of a 4G RAN, a 5G NR RAN, and / or a 6G RAN, such as an open eNB (O- eNB) 380, via an 01 interface. Additionally or alternatively, the SMO Framework 360 maycommunicate directly with each of one or more RUs 340 via a respective 01 interface. In some deployments, this configuration can enable each DU 330 and the CU 310 to be implemented in a cloud-based RAN architecture, such as a vRAN architecture.

[0091] The Non-RT RIC 350 may include or may implement a logical function that enables non-real-time control and optimization of RAN elements and resources, AI / ML workflows including model training and updates, and / or policy -based guidance of applications and / or features in the Near-RT RIC 370. The Non-RT RIC 350 may be coupled to or may communicate with (such as via an Al interface) the Near-RT RIC 370. The Near-RT RIC 370 may include or may implement a logical function that enables near-real-time control and optimization of RAN elements and resources via data collection and actions via an interface (such as via an E2 interface) connecting one or more CUs 310, one or more DUs 330, and / or an O-eNB with the Near-RT RIC 370.

[0092] In some aspects, to generate AI / ML models to be deployed in the Near-RT RIC 370, the Non-RT RIC 350 may receive parameters or external enrichment information from external servers. Such information may be utilized by the Near-RT RIC 370 and may be received at the SMO Framework 360 or the Non-RT RIC 350 from non-network data sources or from network functions. In some examples, the Non-RT RIC 350 or the Near-RT RIC 370 may tune RAN behavior or performance. For example, the Non-RT RIC 350 may monitor long-term trends and patterns for performance and may employ AI / ML models to perform corrective actions via the SMO Framework 360 (such as reconfiguration via an 01 interface) or via creation of RAN management policies (such as Al interface policies).

[0093] As indicated above, Fig. 3 is provided as an example. Other examples may differ from what is described with regard to Fig. 3.

[0094] The network node 110, the controller / processor 240 of the network node 110, the UE 120, the controller / processor 280 of the UE 120, the CU 310, the DU 330, the RU 340, or any other component(s) of Figs. 1, 2, or 3 may implement one or more techniques or perform one or more operations associated with OOK and phase modulation, as described in more detail elsewhere herein. For example, the controller / processor 240 of the network node 110, the controller / processor 280 of the UE 120, any other component(s) of Fig. 2, the CU 310, the DU 330, or the RU 340 may perform or direct operations of, for example, process 800 of Fig. 8, process 900 of Fig. 9, or other processes as described herein (alone or in conjunction with one or more other processors). The memory 242 may store data and program codes for the network node 110, the network node 110, the CU 310, the DU 330, or the RU 340. The memory 282 may store data and program codes for the UE 120. In some examples, the memory 242 or the memory 282 may include a non-transitory computer-readable medium storing a set of instructions (for example, code or program code) for wireless communication. The memory 242 may include one or more memories, such as a single memory or multiple differentmemories (of the same type or of different types). The memory 282 may include one or more memories, such as a single memory or multiple different memories (of the same type or of different types). For example, the set of instructions, when executed (for example, directly, or after compiling, converting, or interpreting) by one or more processors of the network node 110, the UE 120, the CU 310, the DU 330, or the RU 340, may cause the one or more processors to perform process 800 of Fig. 8, process 900 of Fig. 9, or other processes as described herein. In some examples, executing instructions may include running the instructions, converting the instructions, compiling the instructions, and / or interpreting the instructions, among other examples.

[0095] In some aspects, the UE 120 includes means for receiving a signal, wherein the signal includes first information in accordance with an OOK modulation and second information in accordance with a phase modulation; and / or means for communicating in accordance with the first information or the second information. The means for the UE 120 to perform operations described herein may include, for example, one or more of communication manager 140, antenna 252, modem 254, MIMO detector 256, receive processor 258, transmit processor 264, TX MIMO processor 266, controller / processor 280, memory 282, LP-WUR 410, or main radio 405.

[0096] In some aspects, the network node 110 includes means for transmitting, to a UE, a signal, wherein the signal includes first information in accordance with an OOK modulation and second information in accordance with a phase modulation; and / or means for communicating in accordance with the first information or the second information. The means for the network node to perform operations described herein may include, for example, one or more of communication manager 150, transmit processor 214, TX MIMO processor 216, modem 232, antenna 234, MIMO detector 236, receive processor 238, controller / processor 240, memory 242, or scheduler 246.

[0097] As indicated above, Fig. 3 is provided as an example. Other examples may differ from what is described with regard to Fig. 3.

[0098] Fig. 4 is a diagram illustrating an example 400 of an LP-WUR and an LP-WUS, in accordance with the present disclosure. As shown in Fig. 4, a UE (e.g., UE 120) may be equipped with a communication system that includes a MR 405 and an LP-WUR 410 to reduce power consumption and enable low latency. For example, power saving and low latency are often conflicting goals because placing one or more components into a sleep state more often to reduce power consumption also increases latency (e.g., because data cannot be transmitted and / or received while the one or more components are in the sleep state), and because reducing the time that one or more components spend in a sleep state to reduce latency can lead to increased power consumption. Accordingly, as shown in Fig. 4, the UE may be equipped withthe LP-WUR 410, which may be considered a companion receiver that can be used with a main radio 405 to reduce power consumption and latency.

[0099] For example, in some aspects, the UE may generally use the main radio 405 to transmit and / or receive user data, and the main radio 405 may be turned off or operated in a deep sleep state (e.g., a power state associated with one (1) relative power unit, as defined in 3GPP Technical Report (TR) 38.840) unless there is user data to transmit and / or receive. Furthermore, the LP-WUR 410 may serve as a simple wakeup receiver for the main radio 405, and the LP-WUR 410 may be active and monitoring for an LP-WUS while the main radio 405 is off or in the deep sleep state. For example, reference number 415-1 depicts a first state associated with the main radio 405 and the LP-WUR 410 where there is no user data to be provided to the main radio 405. In such cases, the main radio 405 may be off or operated in the deep sleep state unless there is user data to transmit, and the LP-WUR 410 may monitor for an LP-WUS (e.g., continuously or periodically in monitoring occasions that are separated in time). Furthermore, reference number 415-2 depicts a second state associated with the main radio 405 and the LP-WUR 410 where there is user data for the main radio 405. In such cases, the LP- WUR 410 may receive an LP-WUS 420 (e.g., from a network node 110) and may provide a trigger to wake or otherwise activate the main radio 405 based on detecting the LP-WUS 420. Accordingly, the main radio 405 may then transmit and / or receive user data.

[0100] In general, the LP-WUR 410 may consume very little power (e.g., a target power consumption less than 100 microwatts (pW) in the active state), which may be achieved using simple modulation schemes (e.g., OOK), a narrow bandwidth (e.g., less than 5 MHz), and / or other suitable techniques. In this way, the LP-WUR 410 can be used to reduce the time that the main radio 405 spends in an on state and / or may avoid unnecessarily waking the main radio 405 from the off or deep sleep state when there is no user data to transmit or receive, which tends to be costly from a power consumption perspective. Furthermore, because the LP-WUR 410 has a very low power consumption, the LP-WUR 410 can be used to frequently or continuously perform LP-WUS monitoring, which may improve latency because the main radio 405 can be woken up when there is user data that the main radio 405 needs to receive (e.g., the LP-WUR 410 does not suffer from the latency versus power efficiency tradeoff associated with duty cycling schemes, such as DRX). Furthermore, in addition to performing LP-WUS monitoring, which is mainly targeted at paging reception, the LP-WUR 410 may monitor a low power synchronization signal (LP-SS) for time and frequency tracking and radio resource management (RRM) measurement. In this way, by monitoring the LP-SS, serving cell and / or neighbor cell monitoring can be offloaded from the main radio 405 to the LP-WUR 410 to reduce how often the main radio 405 is woken up, which can further reduce power consumption.

[0101] In some aspects, the LP-WUR 410 may include an OOK WUR (also referred to as an envelope detector (ED) WUR). An OOK WUR may only detect the amplitude (such as themagnitude) of a received signal. A UE that uses an OOK WUR may detect the phase of a received signal by activating the main radio 405.

[0102] In some aspects, the LP-WUR 410 may include an OFDM WUR (which may be referred to as an in-phase and quadrature (IQ) WUR). An OFDM WUR can detect both the amplitude and phase of a received signal. For example, an OFDM WUR can obtain first information that is modulated onto a signal using OOK modulation, and second information that is modulated onto the signal using phase modulation.

[0103] In some aspects, as shown by reference number 425, one application of the LP-WUR 410 is to monitor the LP-WUS 420 for paging monitoring, which can be used to reduce unnecessary paging reception performed by the main radio 405. For example, as shown in Fig. 4, the LP-WUR 410 may be configured to monitor for an LP-WUS 420 (e.g., while the main radio 405 is off or in a deep sleep state) according to a wakeup signal (WUS) monitoring periodicity (e.g., the LP-WUR 410 may monitor for the LP-WUS 420 in periodic LP-WUS monitoring occasions that are separated in time by the WUS monitoring periodicity). Alternatively, although not explicitly shown in Fig. 4, the LP-WUR 410 may be configured to continuously monitor for the LP-WUS 420. In general, a network node may transmit an LP- WUS 420 to a UE only in cases where there is a paging message that needs to be sent to the UE while the UE is in an idle or inactive state (e.g., an RRC idle or RRC inactive state). In such cases, as shown by reference number 430, the LP-WUR 410 may receive and detect the LP- WUS 420, which may trigger the LP-WUR 410 to wake up the main radio 405. In some aspects, the LP-WUS 420 may be a sequence-based WUS, which may include a predefined set of sequences (implemented, for example, using OOK modulation and / or phase modulation). As shown, the main radio 405 may wake up after a main radio wakeup time, and may then start to monitor one or more synchronization signal block (SSB) transmissions to obtain synchronization with the network node before monitoring and receiving the paging message in a subsequent PO. Otherwise, in cases where the LP-WUR 410 does not detect the LP-WUS 420, the main radio 405 may remain in the deep sleep state to save power. Fig. 5, which is described below, provides description of LP-WUS implementation for a DRX cycle.

[0104] As indicated above, Fig. 4 is provided as an example. Other examples may differ from what is described with regard to Fig. 4.

[0105] Fig. 5 is a diagram illustrating an example 500 of a DRX cycle using an LP-WUR 410 and a main radio 405 of a UE, in accordance with the present disclosure. As shown by reference number 505, the main radio 405 may be in an off state, such as low power state or a powered down state. The off state may occur in off durations, which may be defined by a DRX cycle. As shown by reference number 510, the LP-WUR 410 may receive an LP-WUS 420-1. As shown, the main radio 405 may be in an active state during an on duration 515 following reception of the LP-WUS 420-1. For example, the main radio 405 may monitor for a PDCCHsuch as a paging PDCCH. As shown by reference number 520, the main radio 405 may receive a PDCCH in the on duration. Therefore, as shown by reference number 525, the main radio 405 may remain in the active state for the length of a timer, then may enter the off state.

[0106] As shown by reference number 530, the LP-WUR 410 may receive anLP-WUS 420-2. As shown, the main radio 405 may be in an active state during an on duration 535 following reception of the LP-WUS 420-2. For example, the main radio 405 may monitor for a PDCCH such as a paging PDCCH, which the main radio 405 may not receive in the on duration 535. As shown by reference number 540, the LP-WUR 410 may fail to receive an LP-WUS 420-3 prior to an on duration 545. Therefore, the main radio may skip the on duration 545, and may remain in the off state, thereby conserving power.

[0107] As indicated above, Fig. 5 is provided as an example. Other examples may differ from what is described with regard to Fig. 5.

[0108] Fig. 6 is a diagram illustrating examples 600 and 605 of OOK modulation and an example 610 of OOK modulation with Manchester coding, in accordance with the present disclosure. In Fig. 6, the horizontal axis represents time and the vertical axis represents amplitude. A first, higher amplitude state is indicated by the word “on” and a second, lower amplitude state is indicated by the word “off.” In some aspects, the second amplitude state may be a zero-amplitude state or a substantially zero-amplitude state (such as a state with an amplitude lower than a threshold).

[0109] OOK modulation may provide for a signal to be transmitted using an OOK waveform. An OOK waveform may comprise a sequence of high amplitude (or ON) durations and low (or zero) amplitude (or OFF) durations (from a baseband point of view).

[0110] In examples 600, 605, and 610, OFDM symbol boundaries are illustrated. In some examples, a signal (such as an LP-WUS or an LP-SS) may be generated using OFDM, and may be modulated using OOK. In example 600, one OOK bit value is modulated per OFDM symbol. A time unit of the OOK modulation corresponding to a single bit value may be referred to as an OOK chip. For example, example 600 shows a first OOK chip 615, a second OOK chip 620, and so on.[oni] In example 605, M OOK bit values are modulated per OFDM symbol. For example, an OFDM symbol 625 includes OOK bit values 630, 635, 640, and 645. In example 605, M= 4, though any positive integer value of M may be used. Larger values of M may provide higher data rates, whereas smaller values of M may provide more robustness. In example 600, M= 1.

[0112] In example 610, each OFDM symbol includes one OOK bit value (M= 1), and the OOK modulation uses Manchester coding. In Manchester coding, a transition from a first amplitude state 650 to a second amplitude state 655 is mapped to a first OOK bit value 660 (in example 610, “1”), and a transition from the second amplitude state 655 to the first amplitudestate 650 is mapped to a second OOK bit value 665 (in example 610, “0”). An on duration of the first OOK bit value 660 is illustrated by reference number 670 and an on duration of the second OOK bit value 665 is illustrated by reference number 675. In example 610, an OOK bit sequence “10” is modulated onto the signal.

[0113] Aspects described herein provide for the signal to carry first information using OOK modulation (as in examples 600, 605, and 610) and second information using phase modulation. A signal \ including phase and amplitude components can be mathematically expressed as s(t) = A t)^^, where A(t) is an amplitude and < >(t) is a phase at time t. Information can be conveyed using the amplitude component, the phase component, or both.

[0114] As indicated above, Fig. 6 is provided as an example. Other examples may differ from what is described with regard to Fig. 6.

[0115] Fig. 7 is a diagram illustrating an example 700 of a signal 705 including first information using OOK modulation and second information using amplitude modulation, in accordance with the present disclosure. The signal 705 may include, for example, an LP-WUS (e.g., LP-WUS 420) or an LP-SS. In some aspects described herein (not only in connection with Fig. 7), an LP-WUS may function as an LP-SS. For example, the LP-WUS and the LP-SS may be the same signal. The signal 705 may be transmitted by a network node 110 or a UE 120, and may be received by a UE.

[0116] As shown, the signal 705 may include first information 710 in accordance with OOK modulation. As used herein, “first information” can refer to information or a value represented by (e.g., mapped to) a sequence of amplitude states or OOK bit values, or to the sequence of amplitude states or OOK bit values itself. For example, “first information” can refer to a cell identifier conveyed by the OOK modulation, or to the sequences of OOK bits or amplitude states conveyed by the OOK modulation and mapped to the cell identifier. First information 710 that is referred to as “including” or “comprising” a value may include a sequence of bits that represent the value, or may include a sequence of amplitude states or OOK bit values that represent (e.g., are mapped to) the value. In various aspects, the OOK modulation can be performed according to example 600, 605, or 610 of Fig. 6.

[0117] In some aspects, the first information 710 may include a target UE identifier of the signal 705. For example, the target UE identifier may identify a UE to which the signal 705 is directed. Additionally, or alternatively, the first information 710 may include a target UE group identifier of the signal 705. For example, the target UE group identifier may identify a group or type of UEs to which the signal 705 is directed. Additionally, or alternatively, the first information 710 may include a wake-up indication. For example, the first information 710 may indicate for a recipient UE to wake up a main radio (e.g., main radio 405), where the recipient UE may be indicated by a target UE identifier or a target UE group identifier of the signal 705.

[0118] As shown, the signal 705 may include second information 715 in accordance with phase modulation. As used herein, “second information” can refer to information or a value represented by (e.g., mapped to) a sequence of phases, or to the sequence of phases itself. For example, “second information” can refer to a transmit power value conveyed by the phase modulation, or to the sequence of phases conveyed by the phase modulation and mapped to the transmit power value. Second information 715 that is referred to as “including” or “comprising” a value may include a sequence of bits that represent the value, or may include a sequence of phases that represent (e.g., are mapped to) the value.

[0119] In some aspects, the second information 715 may be included in one or more on durations of the signal 705, such as one or more on durations in which the signal 705 has a first (higher) amplitude state. The one or more on durations in which the second information 715 is included may include an initial (e.g., earliest in time) on duration 720 of the signal 705. Additionally, or alternatively, the signal 705 (e.g., the LP-WUS or LP-SS) may be configured such that the one or more on durations occur in one or more initial durations of the signal 705 (e.g., such that a first one or more durations of the signal 705 are on durations). This may facilitate detection of the signal 705 and expedite synchronization of the UE.

[0120] In some aspects, the second information 715 may relate to synchronization. For example, the second information 715 may include a sequence of phases. For example, the sequence of phases may be included in one or more on durations of the OOK-modulated signal 705. In some aspects, the sequence of phases may be known to UEs that may receive the signal 705. Thus, a recipient of the signal 705 can acquire time and frequency synchronization with the network using the signal 705 (which may be referred to as synchronizing with a network node).

[0121] In some aspects, the second information 715 may indicate a transmit power associated with the signal 705, such as a transmit power at which the signal 705 was transmitted. For example, the second information 715 may indicate a transmit power offset that indicates the transmit power of the signal 705 relative to a transmit power of another signal (e.g., that indicates a transmit power difference between the signal 705 and the other signal). For example, the other signal may include a synchronization signal block (SSB), also referred to as a synchronization signal / physical broadcast channel block. Thus, the signal phase of one or more of the on durations of the signal 705 (e.g., LP-WUS / LP-SS) can indicate bits of information that can be used by the UE to deduce the transmit power of the signal 705.

[0122] In some aspects, the UE may receive information (separately from the second information 715, or in the absence of the second information 715) that indicates a transmit power associated with the signal 705, such as a transmit power at which the signal 705 was transmitted. For example, the information may indicate a transmit power offset that indicatesthe transmit power of the signal 705 relative to a transmit power of another signal (e.g., that indicates a transmit power difference between the signal 705 and the other signal). For example, the other signal may include an SSB. By providing the information that indicates the transmit power in this fashion, the second information 715 can be used for other purposes.

[0123] In some aspects, the second information 715 may include a target UE identifier of the signal 705. Additionally, or alternatively, the second information 715 may include a target UE group identifier of the signal 705. For example, the target UE group identifier may identify a group or type of UEs to which the signal 705 is directed. Additionally, or alternatively, the second information 715 may include a wake-up indication. For example, the second information 715 may indicate for a recipient UE to wake up a main radio (e.g., main radio 405), where the recipient UE may be indicated by a target UE identifier or a target UE group identifier of the signal 705. Additionally, or alternatively, the second information 715 may include a cell identifier. For example, the cell may be associated with a network node that transmitted the signal 705 (e.g., may identify a cell that transmitted the signal 705).

[0124] In some aspects, the second information 715 may include a beam identifier, such as a reference signal identifier. For example, the second information 715 (which may be included in one or more of the on durations of the signal 705) may indicate a transmit beam identifier or an SSB identifier (such as when using SSB correspondence) or a CSI-RS identifier on which the signal 705 is transmitted. For example, multiple SSBs may be transmitted on multiple beams in a burst of SSBs, and a signal 705 (such as an LP-WUS or LP-SS) can be transmitted on the same transmit beam as one of the multiple SSBs. The signal 705 may indicate the transmit beam on which the signal 705 was transmitted by indicating an index of the SSB in an SSB burst associated with the transmit beam.

[0125] In some aspects, the OOK modulation of the first information 710 may use Manchester coding, as described with regard to example 600 of Fig. 6. For example, a first OOK bit value 660 may be mapped to a transition from a first amplitude state 650 (an on duration of the OOK modulation) to a second amplitude state 655 (an off duration of the OOK modulation). In this example, second information 715 included in the time duration of the first amplitude state 650 may indicate whether the first OOK bit value 660 has the first OOK bit value or a second OOK bit value. For example, a phase or phase sequence of an on duration corresponding to bit value 1 can be different from a phase or phase sequence of an on duration corresponding to bit value 0. This may improve timing synchronization since the UE can distinguish on durations of bit 0 (On duration first, Off duration second) and bit 1 (Off duration first, On duration second).

[0126] In some aspects, a UE (such as a UE incorporating an LP-WUR 410) may communicate in accordance with the first information 710 or the second information 715. For example, the UE may wake up a main radio, as described in connection with reference number430 of Fig. 4. As another example, the UE may synchronize with a network node that transmitted the signal 705 using the first information 710 or the second information 715.

[0127] Fig. 8 is a diagram illustrating an example process 800 performed, for example, at a UE or an apparatus of a UE, in accordance with the present disclosure. Example process 800 is an example where the apparatus or the UE (e.g., UE 120) performs operations associated with OOK and amplitude modulation for a signal.

[0128] As shown in Fig. 8, in some aspects, process 800 may include receiving a signal, wherein the signal includes first information in accordance with an on OOK modulation and second information in accordance with a phase modulation (block 810). For example, the UE (e.g., using reception component 1002 and / or communication manager 1006, depicted in Fig. 10) may receive a signal (such as signal 705 or LP-WUS 420), wherein the signal includes first information (such as first information 710) in accordance with an OOK modulation and second information (such as second information 715) in accordance with a phase modulation, as described above.

[0129] As further shown in Fig. 8, in some aspects, process 800 may include communicating in accordance with the first information or the second information (block 820). For example, the UE (e.g., using reception component 1002, transmission component 1004, and / or communication manager 1006, depicted in Fig. 10) may communicate in accordance with the first information (such as first information 710) or the second information (such as second information 715), as described above with regard to Fig. 4 at 430 or Fig. 7 generally.

[0130] Process 800 may include additional aspects, such as any single aspect or any combination of aspects described below and / or in connection with one or more other processes described elsewhere herein.

[0131] In a first aspect, process 800 includes receiving information indicating a sequence of phases (as described with regard to the second information 715 of Fig. 7), wherein the second information is associated with the sequence of phases.

[0132] In a second aspect, alone or in combination with the first aspect, an initial time interval (as indicated by reference number 720 of Fig. 7) of the signal is in an on duration (such as an on duration indicated by reference number 620, 635, or 655 of Fig. 6) of the OOK modulation.

[0133] In a third aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first and second aspects, the second information indicates a transmit power of the signal.

[0134] In a fourth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through third aspects, the second information indicates the transmit power of the signal relative to a transmit power of another signal.

[0135] In a fifth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through fourth aspects, the second information comprises a target UE identifier.

[0136] In a sixth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through fifth aspects, the second information comprises a target UE group identifier.

[0137] In a seventh aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through sixth aspects, the second information comprises a cell identifier associated with a network node from which the signal is received.

[0138] In an eighth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through seventh aspects, the second information comprises a beam identifier associated with the signal.

[0139] In a ninth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through eighth aspects, the beam identifier comprises a reference signal identifier.

[0140] In a tenth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through ninth aspects, the OOK modulation uses Manchester coding (as described with regard to example 600), wherein the signal comprises an on duration (such as an on duration indicated by reference number 655 of Fig. 6) and an off duration (such as an off duration indicated by reference number 650 of Fig. 6) that collectively indicate a bit value (indicated by reference numbers 660 and 665 of Fig. 6) of the first information, and wherein the second information indicates whether the on duration indicates a first value (such as 1) or a second value (such as 0) of the bit value.

[0141] In an eleventh aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through tenth aspects, the second information is associated with a sequence of phases in the on duration (as illustrated in connection with Fig. 7).

[0142] In a twelfth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through eleventh aspects, the signal comprises at least one of a low-power wakeup signal or a low-power synchronization signal (such as LP-WUS 420).

[0143] In a thirteenth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through twelfth aspects, the UE comprises an ambient Internet of Things device.

[0144] In a fourteenth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through thirteenth aspects, the first information is independent of the second information.

[0145] In a fifteenth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through fourteenth aspects, the first information is associated with a sequence of amplitudes, and communicating in accordance with the first information or the second information comprises synchronizing with a network node in accordance with the sequence of amplitudes.

[0146] Although Fig. 8 shows example blocks of process 800, in some aspects, process 800 may include additional blocks, fewer blocks, different blocks, or differently arranged blocksthan those depicted in Fig. 8. Additionally, or alternatively, two or more of the blocks of process 800 may be performed in parallel.

[0147] Fig. 9 is a diagram illustrating an example process 900 performed, for example, at a network node or an apparatus of a network node, in accordance with the present disclosure. Example process 900 is an example where the apparatus or the network node (e.g., network node 110) performs operations associated with OOK modulation and phase modulation for a signal.

[0148] As shown in Fig. 9, in some aspects, process 900 may include transmitting, to a UE, a signal, wherein the signal includes first information in accordance with an OOK modulation and second information in accordance with a phase modulation (block 910). For example, the network node (e.g., using transmission component 1104 and / or communication manager 1106, depicted in Fig. 11) may transmit, to a UE, a signal (such as signal 705 or LP-WUS 420), wherein the signal includes first information (such as first information 710) in accordance with an OOK modulation and second information (such as second information 715) in accordance with a phase modulation, as described above.

[0149] As further shown in Fig. 9, in some aspects, process 900 may include communicating in accordance with the first information or the second information (block 920). For example, the network node (e.g., using reception component 1102, transmission component 1104, and / or communication manager 1106, depicted in Fig. 11) may communicate in accordance with the first information or the second information, as described above with regard to Fig. 4 at 430 or Fig. 7 generally.

[0150] Process 900 may include additional aspects, such as any single aspect or any combination of aspects described below and / or in connection with one or more other processes described elsewhere herein.

[0151] In a first aspect, process 900 includes transmitting information indicating a sequence of phases (as described with regard to the second information 715 of Fig. 7), wherein the second information is associated with the sequence of phases.

[0152] In a second aspect, alone or in combination with the first aspect, the second information is in one or more on durations of the OOK modulation (such as an on duration indicated by reference number 620, 635, or 655 of Fig. 6).

[0153] In a third aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first and second aspects, an initial time interval (as indicated by reference number 720 of Fig. 7) of the signal is in an on duration of the OOK modulation (such as an on duration indicated by reference number 620, 635, or 655 of Fig. 6).

[0154] In a fourth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through third aspects, the second information indicates a transmit power of the signal.

[0155] In a fifth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through fourth aspects, the second information indicates the transmit power of the signal relative to a transmit power of another signal.

[0156] In a sixth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through fifth aspects, the second information comprises a target UE identifier.

[0157] In a seventh aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through sixth aspects, the second information comprises a target UE group identifier.

[0158] In an eighth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through seventh aspects, the second information comprises a cell identifier associated with the network node.

[0159] In a ninth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through eighth aspects, the second information comprises a beam identifier associated with the signal.

[0160] In a tenth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through ninth aspects, the OOK modulation uses Manchester coding (as described with regard to example 600), wherein the signal comprises an on duration (such as an on duration indicated by reference number 655 of Fig. 6) and an off duration (such as an off duration indicated by reference number 650 of Fig. 6) that collectively indicate a bit value (indicated by reference numbers 660 and 665 of Fig. 6) of the first information, and wherein the second information indicates whether the on duration indicates a first value (such as 1) or a second value (such as 0) of the bit value.

[0161] In an eleventh aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through tenth aspects, the second information comprises or is aw a sequence of phases in the on duration (as illustrated in connection with Fig. 7).

[0162] In a twelfth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through eleventh aspects, the signal comprises at least one of a low-power wakeup signal or a low-power synchronization signal (such as LP-WUS 420).

[0163] In a thirteenth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through twelfth aspects, the network node comprises an ambient Internet of Things reader.

[0164] In a fourteenth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through thirteenth aspects, the first information is independent of the second information.

[0165] Although Fig. 9 shows example blocks of process 900, in some aspects, process 900 may include additional blocks, fewer blocks, different blocks, or differently arranged blocks than those depicted in Fig. 9. Additionally, or alternatively, two or more of the blocks of process 900 may be performed in parallel.

[0166] Fig. 10 is a diagram of an example apparatus 1000 for wireless communication, in accordance with the present disclosure. The apparatus 1000 may be a UE, or a UE may includethe apparatus 1000. In some aspects, the apparatus 1000 includes a reception component 1002, a transmission component 1004, and / or a communication manager 1006, which may be in communication with one another (for example, via one or more buses and / or one or more other components). In some aspects, the communication manager 1006 is the communication manager 140 described in connection with Fig. 1. As shown, the apparatus 1000 may communicate with another apparatus 1008, such as a UE or a network node (such as a CU, a DU, an RU, or a base station), using the reception component 1002 and the transmission component 1004.

[0167] In some aspects, the apparatus 1000 may be configured to perform one or more operations described herein in connection with Figs. 4-7. Additionally, or alternatively, the apparatus 1000 may be configured to perform one or more processes described herein, such as process 800 of Fig. 8, or a combination thereof. In some aspects, the apparatus 1000 and / or one or more components shown in Fig. 10 may include one or more components of the UE described in connection with Fig. 2. Additionally, or alternatively, one or more components shown in Fig. 10 may be implemented within one or more components described in connection with Fig. 2. Additionally, or alternatively, one or more components of the set of components may be implemented at least in part as software stored in one or more memories. For example, a component (or a portion of a component) may be implemented as instmctions or code stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium and executable by one or more controllers or one or more processors to perform the functions or operations of the component.

[0168] The reception component 1002 may receive communications, such as reference signals, control information, data communications, or a combination thereof, from the apparatus 1008. The reception component 1002 may provide received communications to one or more other components of the apparatus 1000. In some aspects, the reception component 1002 may perform signal processing on the received communications (such as filtering, amplification, demodulation, analog-to-digital conversion, demultiplexing, deinterleaving, de-mapping, equalization, interference cancellation, or decoding, among other examples), and may provide the processed signals to the one or more other components of the apparatus 1000. In some aspects, the reception component 1002 may include one or more antennas, one or more modems, one or more demodulators, one or more MIMO detectors, one or more receive processors, one or more controllers / processors, one or more memories, or a combination thereof, of the UE described in connection with Fig. 2.

[0169] The transmission component 1004 may transmit communications, such as reference signals, control information, data communications, or a combination thereof, to the apparatus 1008. In some aspects, one or more other components of the apparatus 1000 may generate communications and may provide the generated communications to the transmission component 1004 for transmission to the apparatus 1008. In some aspects, the transmission component 1004may perform signal processing on the generated communications (such as filtering, amplification, modulation, digital-to-analog conversion, multiplexing, interleaving, mapping, or encoding, among other examples), and may transmit the processed signals to the apparatus 1008. In some aspects, the transmission component 1004 may include one or more antennas, one or more modems, one or more modulators, one or more transmit MIMO processors, one or more transmit processors, one or more controllers / processors, one or more memories, or a combination thereof, of the UE described in connection with Fig. 2. In some aspects, the transmission component 1004 may be co-located with the reception component 1002 in one or more transceivers.

[0170] The communication manager 1006 may support operations of the reception component 1002 and / or the transmission component 1004. For example, the communication manager 1006 may receive information associated with configuring reception of communications by the reception component 1002 and / or transmission of communications by the transmission component 1004. Additionally, or alternatively, the communication manager 1006 may generate and / or provide control information to the reception component 1002 and / or the transmission component 1004 to control reception and / or transmission of communications.

[0171] The reception component 1002 may receive a signal, wherein the signal includes first information in accordance with an OOK modulation and second information in accordance with a phase modulation. The reception component 1002 and / or the transmission component 1004 may communicate in accordance with the first information or the second information.

[0172] The reception component 1002 may receive information indicating a sequence of phases, wherein the second information is associated with the sequence of phases.

[0173] The number and arrangement of components shown in Fig. 10 are provided as an example. In practice, there may be additional components, fewer components, different components, or differently arranged components than those shown in Fig. 10. Furthermore, two or more components shown in Fig. 10 may be implemented within a single component, or a single component shown in Fig. 10 may be implemented as multiple, distributed components. Additionally, or alternatively, a set of (one or more) components shown in Fig. 10 may perform one or more functions described as being performed by another set of components shown in Fig. 10.

[0174] Fig. 11 is a diagram of an example apparatus 1100 for wireless communication, in accordance with the present disclosure. The apparatus 1100 may be a network node, or a network node may include the apparatus 1100. In some aspects, the apparatus 1100 includes a reception component 1102, a transmission component 1104, and / or a communication manager 1106, which may be in communication with one another (for example, via one or more buses and / or one or more other components). In some aspects, the communication manager 1106 isthe communication manager 150 described in connection with Fig. 1. As shown, the apparatus 1100 may communicate with another apparatus 1108, such as a UE or a network node (such as a CU, a DU, an RU, or a base station), using the reception component 1102 and the transmission component 1104.

[0175] In some aspects, the apparatus 1100 may be configured to perform one or more operations described herein in connection with Figs. 4-7. Additionally, or alternatively, the apparatus 1100 may be configured to perform one or more processes described herein, such as process 900 of Fig. 9, or a combination thereof. In some aspects, the apparatus 1100 and / or one or more components shown in Fig. 11 may include one or more components of the network node described in connection with Fig. 2. Additionally, or alternatively, one or more components shown in Fig. 11 may be implemented within one or more components described in connection with Fig. 2. Additionally, or alternatively, one or more components of the set of components may be implemented at least in part as software stored in one or more memories. For example, a component (or a portion of a component) may be implemented as instructions or code stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium and executable by one or more controllers or one or more processors to perform the functions or operations of the component.

[0176] The reception component 1102 may receive communications, such as reference signals, control information, data communications, or a combination thereof, from the apparatus 1108. The reception component 1102 may provide received communications to one or more other components of the apparatus 1100. In some aspects, the reception component 1102 may perform signal processing on the received communications (such as filtering, amplification, demodulation, analog-to-digital conversion, demultiplexing, deinterleaving, de-mapping, equalization, interference cancellation, or decoding, among other examples), and may provide the processed signals to the one or more other components of the apparatus 1100. In some aspects, the reception component 1102 may include one or more antennas, one or more modems, one or more demodulators, one or more MIMO detectors, one or more receive processors, one or more controllers / processors, one or more memories, or a combination thereof, of the network node described in connection with Fig. 2. In some aspects, the reception component 1102 and / or the transmission component 1104 may include or may be included in a network interface. The network interface may be configured to obtain and / or output signals for the apparatus 1100 via one or more communications links, such as a backhaul link, a midhaul link, and / or a fronthaul link.

[0177] The transmission component 1104 may transmit communications, such as reference signals, control information, data communications, or a combination thereof, to the apparatus 1108. In some aspects, one or more other components of the apparatus 1100 may generate communications and may provide the generated communications to the transmission component 1104 for transmission to the apparatus 1108. In some aspects, the transmission component 1104may perform signal processing on the generated communications (such as filtering, amplification, modulation, digital-to-analog conversion, multiplexing, interleaving, mapping, or encoding, among other examples), and may transmit the processed signals to the apparatus 1108. In some aspects, the transmission component 1104 may include one or more antennas, one or more modems, one or more modulators, one or more transmit MIMO processors, one or more transmit processors, one or more controllers / processors, one or more memories, or a combination thereof, of the network node described in connection with Fig. 2. In some aspects, the transmission component 1104 may be co-located with the reception component 1102 in one or more transceivers.

[0178] The communication manager 1106 may support operations of the reception component 1102 and / or the transmission component 1104. For example, the communication manager 1106 may receive information associated with configuring reception of communications by the reception component 1102 and / or transmission of communications by the transmission component 1104. Additionally, or alternatively, the communication manager 1106 may generate and / or provide control information to the reception component 1102 and / or the transmission component 1104 to control reception and / or transmission of communications.

[0179] The transmission component 1104 may transmit, to a UE, a signal, wherein the signal includes first information in accordance with an OOK modulation and second information in accordance with a phase modulation. The reception component 1102 and / or the transmission component 1104 may communicate in accordance with the first information or the second information.

[0180] The transmission component 1104 may transmit indicating a sequence of phases, wherein the second information is associated with the sequence of phases.

[0181] The number and arrangement of components shown in Fig. 11 are provided as an example. In practice, there may be additional components, fewer components, different components, or differently arranged components than those shown in Fig. 11. Furthermore, two or more components shown in Fig. 11 may be implemented within a single component, or a single component shown in Fig. 11 may be implemented as multiple, distributed components. Additionally, or alternatively, a set of (one or more) components shown in Fig. 11 may perform one or more functions described as being performed by another set of components shown in Fig. 11.

[0182] The following provides an overview of some Aspects of the present disclosure:

[0183] Aspect 1 : A method of wireless communication performed by a user equipment (UE), comprising: receiving a signal, wherein the signal includes first information in accordance with an on-off keying (OOK) modulation and second information in accordance with a phasemodulation; and communicating in accordance with the first information or the second information.

[0184] Aspect 2: The method of Aspect 1, further comprising receiving information indicating a sequence of phases, wherein the second information is associated with the sequence of phases.

[0185] Aspect 3 : The method of Aspect 2, wherein an initial time interval of the signal is in an on duration of the OOK modulation.

[0186] Aspect 4: The method of any of Aspects 1-3 wherein the second information is in one or more on durations of the OOK modulation.

[0187] Aspect 5: The method of any of Aspects 1-4, wherein the second information indicates a transmit power of the signal.

[0188] Aspect 6: The method of Aspect 5, wherein the second information indicates the transmit power of the signal relative to a transmit power of another signal.

[0189] Aspect 7: The method of any of Aspects 1-6, wherein the second information comprises a target UE identifier.

[0190] Aspect 8: The method of any of Aspects 1-7, wherein the second information comprises a target UE group identifier.

[0191] Aspect 9: The method of any of Aspects 1-8, wherein the second information comprises a cell identifier associated with a network node from which the signal is received.

[0192] Aspect 10: The method of any of Aspects 1-9, wherein the second information comprises a beam identifier associated with the signal.

[0193] Aspect 11 : The method of Aspect 10, wherein the beam identifier comprises a reference signal identifier.

[0194] Aspect 12: The method of any of Aspects 1-11, wherein the OOK modulation uses Manchester coding, wherein the signal comprises an on duration and an off duration that collectively indicate a bit value of the first information, and wherein the second information indicates whether the on duration indicates a first value or a second value of the bit value.

[0195] Aspect 13 : The method of Aspect 12, wherein the second information is associated with a sequence of phases in the on duration.

[0196] Aspect 14: The method of any of Aspects 1-13, wherein the signal comprises at least one of a low-power wakeup signal or a low-power synchronization signal.

[0197] Aspect 15: The method of any of Aspects 1-14, wherein the UE comprises an ambient Internet of Things device.

[0198] Aspect 16: The method of any of Aspects 1-15, wherein the first information is independent of the second information.

[0199] Aspect 17: The method of any of Aspects 1-16, wherein the first information is associated with a sequence of amplitudes, and wherein communicating in accordance with the first information or the second information comprises synchronizing with a network node in accordance with the sequence of amplitudes.

[0200] Aspect 18: A method of wireless communication performed by a network node, comprising: transmitting, to a user equipment (UE), a signal, wherein the signal includes first information in accordance with an on-off keying (OOK) modulation and second information in accordance with a phase modulation; and communicating in accordance with the first information or the second information.

[0201] Aspect 19: The method of Aspect 18, further comprising transmitting information indicating a sequence of phases, wherein the second information is associated with the sequence of phases.

[0202] Aspect 20: The method of any of Aspects 18-19, wherein the second information is in one or more on durations of the OOK modulation.

[0203] Aspect 21: The method of any of Aspects 18-20, wherein an initial time interval of the signal is in an on duration of the OOK modulation.

[0204] Aspect 22: The method of any of Aspects 18-21, wherein the second information indicates a transmit power of the signal.

[0205] Aspect 23 : The method of Aspect 22, wherein the second information indicates the transmit power of the signal relative to a transmit power of another signal.

[0206] Aspect 24: The method of any of Aspects 18-23, wherein the second information comprises a target UE identifier.

[0207] Aspect 25: The method of any of Aspects 18-24, wherein the second information comprises a target UE group identifier.

[0208] Aspect 26: The method of any of Aspects 18-25, wherein the second information comprises a cell identifier associated with the network node.

[0209] Aspect 27: The method of any of Aspects 18-26, wherein the second information comprises a beam identifier associated with the signal.

[0210] Aspect 28: The method of any of Aspects 18-27, wherein the OOK modulation uses Manchester coding, wherein the signal comprises an on duration and an off duration that collectively indicate a bit value of the first information, and wherein the second information indicates whether the on duration indicates a first value or a second value of the bit value.

[0211] Aspect 29: The method of Aspect 28, wherein the second information comprises a sequence of phases in the on duration.

[0212] Aspect 30: The method of any of Aspects 18-29, wherein the signal comprises at least one of a low-power wakeup signal or a low-power synchronization signal.

[0213] Aspect 31 : The method of any of Aspects 18-30, wherein the network node comprises an ambient Internet of Things reader.

[0214] Aspect 32: The method of any of Aspects 18-31, wherein the first information is independent of the second information.

[0215] Aspect 33 : An apparatus for wireless communication at a device, the apparatus comprising one or more processors; one or more memories coupled with the one or more processors; and instructions stored in the one or more memories and executable by the one or more processors to cause the apparatus to perform the method of one or more of Aspects 1-32.

[0216] Aspect 34: An apparatus for wireless communication at a device, the apparatus comprising one or more memories and one or more processors coupled to the one or more memories, the one or more processors configured to cause the device to perform the method of one or more of Aspects 1-32.

[0217] Aspect 35: An apparatus for wireless communication, the apparatus comprising at least one means for performing the method of one or more of Aspects 1-32.

[0218] Aspect 36: A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communication, the code comprising instructions executable by one or more processors to perform the method of one or more of Aspects 1-32.

[0219] Aspect 37: A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing a set of instructions for wireless communication, the set of instructions comprising one or more instructions that, when executed by one or more processors of a device, cause the device to perform the method of one or more of Aspects 1-32.

[0220] Aspect 38: A device for wireless communication, the device comprising a processing system that includes one or more processors and one or more memories coupled with the one or more processors, the processing system configured to cause the device to perform the method of one or more of Aspects 1-32.

[0221] Aspect 39: An apparatus for wireless communication at a device, the apparatus comprising one or more memories and one or more processors coupled to the one or more memories, the one or more processors individually or collectively configured to cause the device to perform the method of one or more of Aspects 1-32.

[0222] The foregoing disclosure provides illustration and description but is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the aspects to the precise forms disclosed. Modifications and variations may be made in light of the above disclosure or may be acquired from practice of the aspects.

[0223] As used herein, the term “component” is intended to be broadly construed as hardware or a combination of hardware and at least one of software or firmware. “Software” shall be construed broadly to mean instructions, instruction sets, code, code segments, program code, programs, subprograms, software modules, applications, software applications, softwarepackages, routines, subroutines, objects, executables, threads of execution, procedures, or functions, among other examples, whether referred to as software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description language, or otherwise. As used herein, a "processor" is implemented in hardware or a combination of hardware and software. It will be apparent that systems or methods described herein may be implemented in different forms of hardware or a combination of hardware and software. The actual specialized control hardware or software code used to implement these systems or methods is not limiting of the aspects. Thus, the operation and behavior of the systems or methods are described herein without reference to specific software code, because those skilled in the art will understand that software and hardware can be designed to implement the systems or methods based, at least in part, on the description herein. A component being configured to perform a function means that the component has a capability to perform the function, and does not require the function to be actually performed by the component, unless noted otherwise.

[0224] As used herein, “satisfying a threshold” may, depending on the context, refer to a value being greater than the threshold, greater than or equal to the threshold, less than the threshold, less than or equal to the threshold, equal to the threshold, or not equal to the threshold, among other examples.

[0225] As used herein, a phrase referring to “at least one of’ a list of items refers to any combination of those items, including single members. As an example, “at least one of: a, b, or c” is intended to cover a, b, c, a + b, a + c, b + c, and a + b + c, as well as any combination with multiples of the same element (for example, a + a, a + a + a, a + a + b, a + a + c, a + b + b, a + c + c, b + b, b + b + b, b + b + c, c + c, and c + c + c, or any other ordering of a, b, and c).

[0226] No element, act, or instruction used herein should be construed as critical or essential unless explicitly described as such. Also, as used herein, the articles “a” and “an” are intended to include one or more items and may be used interchangeably with “one or more.” Further, as used herein, the article “the” is intended to include one or more items referenced in connection with the article “the” and may be used interchangeably with “the one or more.” Furthermore, as used herein, the terms “set” and “group” are intended to include one or more items and may be used interchangeably with “one or more.” Where only one item is intended, the phrase “only one” or similar language is used. Also, as used herein, the terms “has,” “have,” “having,” and similar terms are intended to be open-ended terms that do not limit an element that they modify (for example, an element “having” A may also have B). Further, the phrase “based on” is intended to mean “based on or otherwise in association with” unless explicitly stated otherwise. Also, as used herein, the term “or” is intended to be inclusive when used in a series and may be used interchangeably with “and / or,” unless explicitly stated otherwise (for example, if used in combination with “either” or “only one of’). It should be understood that “one or more” is equivalent to “at least one.”

[0227] Even though particular combinations of features are recited in the claims or disclosed in the specification, these combinations are not intended to limit the disclosure of various aspects. Many of these features may be combined in ways not specifically recited in the claims or disclosed in the specification. The disclosure of various aspects includes each dependent claim in combination with every other claim in the claim set.

Claims

WHAT IS CLAIMED IS:

1. An apparatus for wireless communication, comprising: one or more memories; and one or more processors coupled to the one or more memories, the one or more processors individually or collectively configured to: receive a signal, wherein the signal includes first information in accordance with an on-off keying (OOK) modulation and second information in accordance with a phase modulation; and communicate in accordance with the first information or the second information.

2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are further individually or collectively configured to receive information indicating a sequence of phases, wherein the second information is associated with the sequence of phases.

3. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein an initial time interval of the signal is in an on duration of the OOK modulation.

4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the second information is in one or more on durations of the OOK modulation.

5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the second information indicates a transmit power of the signal.

6. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein the second information indicates the transmit power of the signal relative to a transmit power of another signal.

7. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the second information comprises a target UE identifier.

8. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the second information comprises a target UE group identifier.

9. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the second information comprises a cell identifier associated with a network node from which the signal is received.

10. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the second information comprises a beam identifier associated with the signal.

11. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the beam identifier comprises a reference signal identifier.

12. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the OOK modulation uses Manchester coding, wherein the signal comprises an on duration and an off duration that collectively indicate a bit value of the first information, and wherein the second information indicates whether the on duration indicates a first value or a second value of the bit value.

13. The apparatus of claim 12, wherein the second information is associated with a sequence of phases in the on duration.

14. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the signal comprises at least one of a low-power wakeup signal or a low-power synchronization signal.

15. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the apparatus comprises an ambient Internet of Things device.

16. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first information is independent of the second information.

17. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first information is associated with a sequence of amplitudes, and wherein the one or more processors, to communicate in accordance with the first information or the second information, are configure to synchronize with a network node in accordance with the sequence of amplitudes.

18. A method of wireless communication performed by a user equipment (UE), comprising: receiving a signal, wherein the signal includes first information in accordance with an on-off keying (OOK) modulation and second information in accordance with a phase modulation; and communicating in accordance with the first information or the second information.

19. The method of claim 18, further comprising: receiving information indicating a sequence of phases, wherein the second information is associated with the sequence of phases.

20. An apparatus for wireless communication, comprising: means for receiving a signal, wherein the signal includes first information in accordance with an OOK modulation and second information in accordance with a phase modulation; and means for communicating in accordance with the first information or the second information.

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