Method and product for manufacturing sustainable, environmentally friendly, flexible leather-like coverings based on bioresins from organic or recycled materials

Abstract

Currently, highly polluting and non-sustainable polyurethane synthetic leathers, polyester textiles and petroleum derivatives are used. There is a need for the major fashion industries to choose sustainable and environmentally friendly alternatives such as leathers based on organic raw materials, and there is no better way than with agroindustrial waste, capable of meeting needs, as well as providing a diode-laser-based method that is both profitable and environmentally friendly and, above all, uses cutting edge technology, with energy efficiency achieved through automation without human intervention in a continuous supply. The method used comprises dehydrating, grinding and mixing these bioresins made with organic waste, which is reused in the disposal thereof to manufacture coverings, footwear items, leather goods, clothing, upholstery for the automotive industry and furniture, backpacks and book covers, and as a substitute of covers for various products that require external protection, achieving a biodegradable, environmentally friendly leather. With this in mind, the innovation is based on a method and formula for manufacturing a product based on organic waste generated by the food industry, with applications in the production of environmentally friendly and sustainable, flexible leather-like coverings, with use for multiple applications such as upholstery and covers for various objects that require a cover and finishing. The formulation, method and product has multiple applications, specifically materials coming from organic waste materials, and the advantage of reducing the use of plastic covers that pollute nature and the environment, being environmentally friendly, recyclable and biodegradable.

Description

[0001]PROCESS AND PRODUCT FOR THE PREPARATION OF SUSTAINABLE, ECOLOGICAL AND FLEXIBLE LEATHER-TYPE COATINGS BASED ON BIORESINS OF ORGANIC OR RECYCLED MATERIALS DESCRIPTION TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to the field of processes and chemical formulas for the development of leather-type products, particularly flexible sustainable and ecological coatings, specifically those developed based on bioresins made from organic waste such as avocado (persea americana), cannabis sativa, peach (prunus persica), sargassum (sargassum), coffee (coffea), mate (ilex paraguariensis), brewer's bagasse, agave tequilana weber del tequila, mezcal Agave (angustifolia Haw), aloe vera (aloe vera) and cocoa (theobroma cacao). OBJECT OF THE INVENTION The present invention aims to develop a process and formula for obtaining a leather-type product, with ecological and sustainable properties,manufactured from bioresins made from organic plant waste such as avocado (persea americana), cannabis sativa, peach (prunus persica), sargassum (sargassum), coffee (coffea), mate (ilex paraguariensis), brewer's bagasse, agave tequilana weber del tequila, mezcal Agave (angustifolia Haw), aloe vera (aloe vera) and cocoa (theobroma cacao) by recycling residual fragments and biomass of the same materials. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION In recent decades, environmental pollution has been a considerable problem at local, national and international levels, every day the generation of waste by humans and its industrialization grows in a constant and alarming way, without measuring the consequences. The use of recycled or discarded organic materials is often not enough to generate products that meet different specifications and characteristics of resistance and durability, for example, such is the case of furniture products,automotive seats, jackets, bags, footwear, backpacks which require compliance with certain standards that allow their use in an appropriate and safe manner. Currently agro-industrial waste has been growing exponentially as demand grows among them the processing of avocado (persea americana), cannabis sativa, peach (prunus persica), sargassum (sargassum), coffee (coffea), mate (ilex paraguariensis), beer bagasse, agave tequilana weber del tequila, mezcal Agave (angustifolia Haw), aloe (aloe vera) and cocoa (theobroma cacao) are accumulated in landfills or pits that erode the soils and day by day cause CO2 to the environment due to the delay in its disintegration and are continually wasted, but in this way a use has been found in favor of its chemical properties such as starch, cellulose,hemicellulose and lignin to achieve our current inventiveness of these waste agroindustrial waste. Certainly, synthetic leather substitutes are known using in their elaboration normally edible fruit biomasses or cultivated in order to process them, which result in products similar to a coating in which they can have an appearance similar to synthetic leather, that is why the intention is to take what is truly a waste of the food industry to take advantage of it, by giving an environmental and social impact since to manufacture these products no chemicals harmful to the personnel who work them or the environment are used. These considerations have led the textile industry to rethink the problem of taking advantage of all these agroindustrial waste and thus create a circular economy within its environment, this also includes organic waste such as avocado (Persea americana), cannabis sativa, peach (Prunus persica),sargassum, coffee (coffea), mate (ilex paraguariensis), beer bagasse, tequila agave (Agave angustifolia Haw), mezcal (Agave angustifolia Haw), aloe vera and cocoa (Theobroma cacao). The consideration of good management and use of waste allows the use of organic materials of plant origin (avocado (persea americana), cannabis sativa, peach (prunus persica), sargassum (sargassum), coffee (coffea), mate (ilex paraguariensis), beer bagasse, agave tequilana weber del tequila, mezcal Agave (angustifolia Haw), aloe (aloe vera) and cocoa (theobroma cacao)) that cause both diseases to the community, the proliferation of pests and the release of CO2, likewise the organic waste mentioned in this invention, point out the environmental problems that are generated day by day by the consumerism of man covering his needs being unaware of the garbage he generates, said elements that are garbage for the majority,Their properties serve together to produce new processes and products that benefit circular economies, for the benefit of society, the environment, and the economy. Such exploitation would lead to a high-quality product and utilization of product consumption in different applications, precisely because it is obtained from material that is normally wasted and discarded. It is also clear and very evident that the material obtained, a biomaterial, which is known as a product made primarily from renewable materials and biological substances instead of petroleum, contains fewer toxic chemicals and decomposes faster and, as a result, comes to have improved properties, such as better resistance, stability, or texture compared to natural compounds. It would surpass synthetic leathers because it is obtained from synthetic materials such as thermoplastics, resins, and other polymers that are of petroleum origin.They take a long time to decompose and are very difficult to recycle, reiterating the environmental and social damage when manufacturing them. Taking the above into account, the present invention relates to a process and formula for manufacturing a product based on bioresins made from organic waste or agro-industrial waste such as avocado (persea americana), cannabis sativa, peach (prunus persica), sargassum (sargassum), coffee (coffea), mate (ilex paraguariensis), beer bagasse, agave tequilana weber del tequila, mezcal Agave (angustifolia Haw), aloe (aloe vera) and cocoa (theobroma cacao) which are waste generated by industry or naturally from nature and the environment, with applications in the production of regenerated flexible leather-type coatings, it is achieved by forming a homogeneous paste by agglutinating its natural chemical properties such as starch, cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin, complementing it with natural binders such as water-based latex.The product obtained is suitable for the manufacture of footwear, accessories such as bags, leather goods, clothing, upholstery for the automotive and furniture sectors, backpacks, book covers, and as a substitute for covers for different products that require external protection. It is also achieved as a base, and results in the union with surfaces in different thicknesses, bases, finishes of layers of ecological polymeric chemical plastic resins, for example Bio Polyurethane made from vegetable oils and recycled PVC for the same purpose of using synthetic leather-type coatings, so that it can be used as a final surface and as a support base in a frame presentation, allowing the production of a formulation in both cases to processes and product in rolls of cover and support material, for multiple uses and applications such as upholstery and covers for different objects that occupy a cover that provides an extreme finish and protection. The formulation,process, product has multiple applications, specifically those materials from organic waste materials, has the advantage of reducing the use of polluting plastic covers to nature and the environment by being of plant origin and biodegradable. By using different compounds both chemical and organic biological, such as avocado (persea americana), cannabis sativa, peach (prunus persica), sargassum (sargassum), coffee (coffea), mate (ilex paraguariensis), beer bagasse, agave tequilana weber del tequila, mezcal Agave (angustifolia Haw), aloe (aloe vera) and cocoa (theobroma cacao) generated by the agroindustrial sector, in the end the product is characterized by the use of processes, formulas, temperatures, machinery, mechanical systems, laser system,Bioresin compounds achieving the regeneration of ecological and sustainable skin, which is why it is considered an invention of this type. The search revealed several inventions made with organic waste and elements such as bioresins that are used for different materials. For example, patent MX2012008962A consists of a process to obtain biopolymers from a solid isolate derived from the avocado seed. The process consists of the homogenization of a solid isolate of the avocado seed with natural waxes or synthetic waxes, a natural plasticizer. The homogenate is destroyed along with other polymers and granulated to obtain a biopolymer that can be used to make biodegradable products using conventional plastic molding methods. This patent belongs to Biofase, a Mexican company responsible for the manufacture of disposable products such as straws,Avocado pit-based plates and cutlery. In this process, only the biopolymer is extracted, leaving part of the seed out of the process, unlike the present invention, which uses 100% organic matter. In terms of application, the present invention is for footwear, accessories, clothing, furniture and automotive upholstery, and book covers, among others. Regarding patents WO2023194736A1, WO2021099565A1,They work with fibers from pineapple and citrus fruit waste respectively; as for patent WO2023194736A1, it is an alternative to natural leather made from cellulose fibers extracted from pineapple leaves mixed with PLA (polylactic acid) and petroleum-based resin; this invention compared to the present one is not similar since they employ the production of yarn through organic fibers from their organic waste and with the process of the present invention, organic resins or granules are obtained by means of grinding and pulverization, which facilitates increasing the amount of pulverized material in the laminate, with a percentage higher than that of the aforementioned inventions. Another example is patent IT201900000073A1, which is a process that begins with the drying of the remains of wine production,Grape pomace. The dried grape pomace is then combined with vegetable oil and water-based polyurethane (PUD) to create an eco-friendly composite material. The bio-based material is then coated with some type of fabric, organic cotton for example, resulting in a leather-like material with renewable and recycled raw materials, producing various textiles or materials that feature different thicknesses, elasticity, weight, finish, and texture that are suitable for various applications. Even so, this formula uses a higher percentage of synthetic resin, which makes it less biodegradable upon decomposition, unlike the present invention, where together the process and the formula allow obtaining a product with not just one residue, but several and with a higher organic percentage, aiding its decomposition and saving energy since the process requires less cooking time for the laminate.and that through the diode laser it will do a "cold drying", achieving an energy efficiency of 50%. Other patents are WO2019076999A1 and WO2021121509A3 which process apple waste, as well as patent WO2021010813A1 that processes the opuntia-indica cactus, all of them to make a synthetic laminate, each of them are mixed with polyurethane (PU), synthetic resins that do not help in its decomposition, thus being a hybrid skin, the present invention takes advantage of the natural chemical properties of organic waste, and together with natural components (such as sodium alginate and agar agar, and natural binders such as water-based natural latex), a percentage of 75-85% of organic or renewable material is achieved in the final product. In addition to this, the process of the present invention uses texturing and engraving through a laser beam instead of finishing with the help of rollers,This allows for greater efficiency in terms of energy consumption and aluminum wear. Meanwhile, among the inventions that cover a little more organic matter are GB2569097A, which processes teak tree leaves. Their invention involves several overlapping laminates: one of polyurethane (PU), another of organic matter, which is the treatment of teak leaves, and finally a textile base. This differs from the present invention, which does not obtain separate sheets; everything is brought together in a type of coagulation to join it with a recycled textile mesh. Another similar patent is WO2023136849A1, which uses both waste from vegetables, fruits and plants (including apples, citrus fruits, pomegranate, banana, pineapple, mango, kiwi, tomato, potato, carrot, cabbage, parsley, rose buds and petals, tulips, bean husks and cocoa shells), to make a type of vegetable leather where it takes advantage of its six biopolymers which are cellulose, hemicellulose,pectin, lignin, aliphatic polyester and starch, this invention is similar to the present one, however, the present invention omits the washing of the bioresins with water in the process, which is replaced by an industrial dehydrator that minimizes the presence of fungi or bacteria that can affect the formula compared to the exposure to the elements of these residues that are exposed, and this process also uses a controlled heat treatment by means of laser that eliminates all types of bacteria or fungi caused by humidity. Finally, patent WO2023136849A1 where they create a flexible material of plant origin and talk about a preparation and uses process, made of leaves / needles, twigs / branches, grass, bark, roots, flowers, seeds, stems, stalks, cones; lignocellulosic waste with a carrageenan that serves as a natural binder. Although the invention does not specify how it is developed industrially, it only specifies the lamination,This flexible and organic final product, both with its aforementioned raw materials and its natural binders, unlike the present invention, which specifies the machinery and process to produce it on a large scale by means of rollers, temperatures and linear production belts. In addition to this, the product of the present invention is generated industrially, improving the aforementioned process, in addition to the fact that the organic waste used is industrial waste, helping the environment, adding natural resins that give durability. TECHNICAL PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED At the forefront of sustainability and efficiency in leather manufacturing processes,A significant milestone has been achieved through the convergence of blue diode laser technology and the strategic implementation of human-free automation. This combination has made it possible to address multiple environmental and technical challenges simultaneously. Three points of innovation stand out. 1. 50% Energy Efficiency with Blue Diode Laser Technology: By incorporating automation into the control and optimization of the drying process, a 50% energy efficiency has been achieved compared to conventional convection methods. This allows for real-time analysis of environmental conditions, humidity, and other factors to dynamically adjust the parameters of the blue diode laser.2. Laser Engraving Instead of Aluminum Rollers: The application of automation in laser engraving has taken precision and quality to new levels. Machine learning algorithms optimize the laser path, ensuring detailed engravings and specific patterns on the leather. This improvement not only eliminates the need for aluminum rollers, reducing wear and contamination, but also adapts the engraving according to the unique characteristics of each piece of leather. 3. Elimination of Water Use in Washing Raw Materials: With a comprehensive approach to sustainability, the use of water in washing our raw materials has been completely eliminated. This innovation directly contributes to the conservation of water, a vital resource,while reducing the environmental burden associated with wastewater treatment. This synergy between blue diode laser technology and automation not only redefines sustainability standards in leather manufacturing, but also demonstrates the transformative potential of technological convergence in the manufacturing industry. This comprehensive approach, supported by the predictive and adaptive capabilities of automation without human intervention, represents a bold step towards a more sustainable and efficient future in the production of eco-friendly products. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention refers to a process, formula and product for the manufacture of flexible leather-like coatings using discarded and recycled organic materials, where its main objective is to regenerate ecological and sustainable leather into a product and organic plant waste for its production,particularly plant materials such as avocado (persea americana), cannabis sativa, peach (prunus persica), sargassum (sargassum), coffee (coffea), mate (ilex paraguariensis), brewer's bagasse, agave tequilana weber del tequila, mezcal Agave (angustifolia Haw), aloe vera (aloe vera) and cocoa (theobroma cacao) thus obtaining a durable and flexible product depending on the process in the form of rolls or sheets in different thicknesses and finishes for the final application or objective. The process for the manufacture of flexible, ecological and sustainable leather-type coatings using discarded and recycled organic materials of the present invention comprises several stages which in turn comprise a series of steps for their implementation: In summary,The process of the invention consists of the following operations: (a) Collection of agro-industrial waste; (b) reception of the waste; (c) classification and separation; (d) shredding of the waste; (e) drying in the open air; (f) drying in an industrial dehydrator; (g) grinding and pulverization; (h) sieving; (i) packaging of bioresin; (j) joining of organic components in a mixer; (k) obtaining a homogeneous mixture; (l) application of the first layer of mixture to the coating; (m) drying through a method called automated “cold drying”; (n) application of a second layer of mixture to the coating; (o) drying again through automated “cold drying”; (p) application of a third layer of mixture and automated “cold drying” at lower power; (q) application of a textile base or support; (r) separation of the release paper and automated laser engraving; (s) winding,separation and rolling; BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES Figure 1 1) Avocado bioresin (Persea americana) 2) Cannabis sativa bioresin 3) Peach bioresin (Prunus persica) 4) Sargassum bioresin 5) Coffea coffee bioresin 6) Mate bioresin (Ilex peraguariensis) 7) Beer bagasse bioresin 8) Agave weber tequilana bioresin from tequila 9) Mezcal bioresin Agave angustifolia Haw 10) Aloe vera bioresin 11) Cocoa bioresin (Theobroma cacao) A. Recycled polyester base B. Recycled cotton base C. Recycled leather base DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The process, formula and product for the production of sustainable, ecological and flexible leather-like coatings based on bioresins from organic or recycled materials detailed form a) Collection of agro-industrial waste: First of all, the raw material is needed,where the collection of one of the organic plant wastes will be made and that will be extracted from each factory, for example in the case of avocado (persea americana), it is taken from a processor in the state of Michoacán where it generates 12 tons of waste per day and is placed in around 400 boxes weighing 30 kilos each, they will be loaded and transported in a "Torton" type truck with a maximum capacity of 15 tons, after being loaded its destination will be the factory. b) Reception of waste: Immediately the waste is received in the raw material reception area and is placed in a ventilated and spacious warehouse to avoid momentary humidity and not be exposed to the creation of any type of fungus. c) Classification and separation: In this stage, a classification by type of fruit or residue is carried out and the dry material and wet material are separated, such as the following organic waste (avocado (persea americana), cannabis sativa, peach (prunus persica),sargassum (sargassum), coffee (coffea), mate (ilex paraguariensis), brewer's bagasse, agave tequilana weber del tequila, mezcal Agave (angustifolia Haw), aloe vera (aloe vera) and cocoa (theobroma cacao) ) and according to the waste the order of importance will be given, these being the wet matter as a priority to avoid any contamination. d) Crushing of the waste: For the next step, it will go through two electric crushing machines that work by means of rollers and blades, in each one a certain type of waste enters, this to avoid clogging that would cause its consistency: first the dry one, which only reduces its size to approximately 19-9 mm,In the case of wet material where the waste contains a high degree of moisture, it is worked separately so that its size is reduced into small, uniform pieces and thus facilitate its drying or dehydration. In both cases, its size is reduced in order to process it in the pulverizing process. e) Drying in the open air: The already dry waste is immediately taken to grinding and pulverizing, while the wet waste is transferred to a large area in the open air where it is spread on textile sheets made of jute to facilitate its drying through the sun, handling temperatures between 25-35 ° C in a period of 1 to 2 days depending on the season of the year until it achieves losing 50% of its initial weight and making it more practical for processing. f) Drying by industrial dehydrator: At this stage, in order to have a total drying and without running the risk of it being able to create bacteria or fungi and not lose its properties,It is decided to take the crushed waste to an industrial dehydrator with an installed capacity of 5 tons of organic material, a temperature between 50-60 ° C is handled and with a time less than 1-2 hours, this in order to give an efficient drying of our waste. In this final case, a result of between 10-5% maximum humidity is claimed, an ideal percentage for the implemented formula. g) Grinding and pulverization: After having all the dry and crushed waste, it is time to obtain the waste bioresins or biomasses (avocado (persea americana), cannabis sativa, peach (prunus persica), sargassum (sargassum), coffee (coffea), mate (ilex paraguariensis), beer bagasse, agave tequilana weber del tequila, mezcal Agave (angustifolia Haw), aloe (aloe vera) and cocoa (theobroma cacao)) separately,this through a seed and grain pulverizer that works at a speed on its blades of 32 thousand revolutions per minute (RPM) and has a capacity of 50 kilos per load with a time of less than 1 minute and thus the result of your granulate will be a mesh or sieve opening between 50 µm to 300 µm, which is a grain size between 0.355-0.054 mm. h) Sieving: This stage consists of sieving through a predetermined mesh preferably by vibration and gravity separation, this by means of wooden frames that measure approximately 2x2 meters and the particle size is separated to obtain a size between 0.15 to 0.075 mm, here a fine granulate,while the coarse granules, which are approximately 15%, are taken and returned to the mill to obtain the aforementioned size. i) Bioresin packaging: By completely pulverizing these residues, a vegetable flour or bioresin is obtained, ready to be applied as an inert load in the next stage of laminating, which will be deposited in 50-kilo sacks hermetically sealed and marked on these same packages with the type of organic waste to which they belong. j) Union of organic components in a mixer: Next, the laminating stage begins, a continuous flow process where, as an initial point, the first ingredients, such as Bio Polyurethane or recycled PVC, one of the two depending on the case, are placed in a mixer with a capacity of 50 kg.These in aqueous form and together with organic components such as sodium alginate or agar agar (a carrageenan from a family of linear sulfated polysaccharides that form simple compounds or double helix structures and provide improved mechanical properties to the resulting flexible material) with 15-10% of additives and pigments in smaller percentages, for example an ultraviolet light stabilizer, a flame retardant solution and pigments for tones, these in any order. k) Obtaining a homogeneous mixture: Immediately the bioresins or biomass are integrated into the previous mixture, reducing the speed to 50% of the mixer is expected to fuse all the components well and thus create a conventional mixture in concentrations of Bio polyurethane-biomass formulation 1: 2 with a homogeneous, thick and smooth appearance. Likewise, the percentages of the added agents and the time that the mixing operation has lasted,will establish a greater or lesser rigidity of the final product. In its lamination it comes to incorporate agents such as natural latex 0.05% to 98% emulsified with water, coagulants 1% to 99%, stabilizers 0.2% to 98% and biomass or bioresin 1% to 99% extracted from avocado (persea americana), cannabis sativa, peach (prunus persica), sargassum (sargassum), coffee (coffea), mate (ilex paraguariensis), brewer's bagasse, agave tequilana weber del tequila, mezcal Agave (angustifolia Haw), aloe vera (aloe vera) and cocoa (theobroma cacao). With this, the biomass obtained from the beginning produces chemical precipitation with the help of hemicellulose, cellulose, starch and alginate, giving rise to the union of the fibers and their lamination. l) Application of the first layer of mix to the coating: At this stage, the conventional mix formed is used together with the aid of a roll of release paper or non-stick coating to mark the gloss of the laminate. The liquid mix will flow through a line of rollers,in this machine the screen is made, where it works at an adjustable speed of 100 mts / h, consequently a mechanical arm will stir the mixture from the initial container of the formulation and its lower rollers will apply the first level of coating on the release paper so that the first layer of uniform homogeneous mixture remains leaving a minimum of uniform edges in its standard and limiting measure of 1.47 mts. m) Drying through a method called "cold drying" automated: Then the sheets pass under a diode laser machine, a profitable and ecological alternative, special for coatings, apart from being automated in the control and optimization, unique in its kind, leaving behind the conventional convective drying method in an oven. Thanks to the homogeneous area points it is possible to irradiate even large areas with lateral surfaces of up to 2 m. This laser beam will dry the coating through photons,These with temperatures set between 60-80°C, these are analyzed in real time and parameters are adjusted through automation, allowing specific evaporation of the solvent or even the sintering of the mixture in its laminate. The spectral range of the laser radiation used is in the near infrared (NIR) range, drying the material with laser wave absorption with a spectral range between about 900 and 1070 nanometers in wavelength or around 445 nm in the case of blue diodes with high performance guided by a fiber with an output power of 1-50 kW. With some process advantages that the diode laser will give us such as the following: - An energy saving between 25 and 50% compared to convection dryers. - Its efficient energy transfer to the layer to be dried,almost 100% of the photon energy is absorbed and used for drying, this process is called "freeze drying". - Energy efficiency of diode laser systems (WPE) > 50% - Closed regulator loop (temperature vs. laser energy) - Extremely homogeneous area spots, adaptable to size and for pilot applications with zoom function n) Application of a second layer of mixture to the coating: The next step is to receive a second layer to the coating of the organic mixture, repeating step (l) o) Drying again through automated "freeze drying": The controlled heat treatment "freeze drying" via laser is given again, step (m) is repeated p) Application of a third layer of mixture and "freeze drying" at lower automated power: In the next step, the coating of the homogeneous mixture is placed again,This will be the last layer where the automated process will lower the drying temperature between 40-50 ° C, this in relation to the power of the laser, this in order to be able to adhere the textile base or support or recycled leather to seal the laminate. q) Application of textile base or support: In a next step, before placing the base or support on the weft, it receives the application of a natural binder such as water-based latex and thus reinforces the union of the final laminate, which consists of being reinforced with this base or support composed of cotton / polyester / recycled leather for the organic mixture that manages to consolidate as its last layer. The weft passes through a cylinder where the side edges are cut, leaving a continuous sheet of regular and parallel edges. r) Separation of the release paper and engraving by automated laser: To finish with the development of the weft,its release paper is removed, which helped to give shine and will give protection in its final presentation, with this it goes to a laser machine to give texture and engraving, previously the digital design of the pattern to be applied is created and which was chosen, said pattern was designed through automation and achieving the desired precision. Achieving a surface finish, which includes operations such as satin, surface sizing, embossing or printing of the desired drawings or motifs for the article, etc. This also to improve the adhesion of applied coatings. Finally, it goes to "cold drying" as in step (m). Obviously with the application of bioresins, with or without inert fillers made from selected organic plant waste such as avocado (persea americana), cannabis sativa, peach (prunus persica), sargassum (sargassum), coffee (coffea), mate (ilex paraguariensis), brewer's bagasse, tequilana weber agave del tequila, mezcal Agave (angustifolia Haw),aloe vera and cocoa (Theobroma cacao) results in a flexible, biodegradable, eco-friendly sheet material with tensile strength, elongation, durability, abrasion resistance, UV resistance, air permeability and vapor permeability, to varying degrees depending on the particular application, all of which can be achieved by the flexible materials of the present invention. s) Winding, separation and coiling: Finally, at the end of the linear process, the coils are uncoiled, the sheets pass through a calender and are subsequently cut on a guillotine machine, giving a standard size to the final product material and these are transported on a platform or pallet to direct them to the finishing. The final product obtained is taken to storage and shipped to the final processor. The advantages compared to conventional synthetic leathers made of 100% polyurethane or PVC,is the fact that they come from industrial waste materials that with the formulation and technology that we implement and materialize leads to a way of not only producing an ecological and sustainable skin, but the product has the comfort, flexibility, breathability, highly competitive in today's market. BEST WAY TO CARRY OUT THE INVENTION Example 1 The manufacture of a meter of ecological and sustainable organic leather from avocado waste (persea americana) uses from 1% to 99% of avocado waste (persea americana), the percentage varies depending on the needs of the desired result, in the same linear meter of leather also uses from 1 to 10 kilos of this same waste. The avocado waste (persea americana) is collected, cleaned of impurities, crushed, dehydrated, pulverized, a bioresin is obtained, it is passed to a mixer along with Bio or recycled based plasticizing resins as well as natural binders,a thick and smooth homogeneous paste is formed, it passes to a roller machine, the first layer is placed on glossy release paper, it goes to "cold drying" by means of diode laser, the layer placement and drying is repeated three times where the last includes a textile base to provide support during drying, at the end the release paper is removed and it passes through a laser that will give the desired texture and engraving. For example, a laminate of polyester, cotton or recycled leather is also used as a textile support to complement our avocado waste skin (persea americana) giving a very similar film finish, but at the same time different from the synthetic leather in common use that are made of different bases and highly polluting coatings. Example 2 The manufacture of a meter of ecological and sustainable organic leather from sargassum waste (sargassum) and coffea coffee, uses from 1% to 99% sargassum waste (sargassum) and coffea coffee,The percentage varies depending on the needs of the desired result, in the same linear meter of leather, from 1 to 10 kilos of this same waste are also used. The sargassum and coffea coffee residue is collected, cleaned of impurities, crushed, dehydrated, pulverized, a bioresin is obtained, it is passed to a mixer along with bio-based or recycled plasticizing resins as well as natural binders, a thick and smooth homogeneous paste is formed, it passes to a roller machine, the first layer is placed on glossy release paper, it goes to "cold drying" by means of diode laser, the layering and drying is repeated three times, where the last includes a textile base to provide support during drying, finally the release paper is removed and it passes through a laser that will give the desired texture and engraving. For example, a polyester laminate is also used as a textile support,recycled cotton or leather to complement our sargassum and coffea coffee residue skin giving a very similar film finish, but at the same time different from the commonly used synthetic leather that are made of different bases and highly polluting coatings. Example 3 The manufacture of a meter of ecological and sustainable organic leather from aloe vera residue, uses from 1% to 99% of aloe vera residue, the percentage varies depending on the needs of the desired result, in the same linear meter of leather also uses from 1 to 10 kilos of this same residue. The aloe vera residue is collected, cleaned of impurities, crushed, dehydrated, pulverized, a bioresin is obtained, it is passed to a mixer along with Bio or recycled based plasticizing resins as well as natural binders, a thick and smooth homogeneous paste is formed, it passes to a roller machine,The first layer is covered with glossy release paper, then it is then "cold dried" by means of diode laser. The layering and drying process is repeated three times, and the last layer includes a textile base to provide support during drying. Finally, the release paper is removed and the material is passed through a laser that gives the desired texture and engraving. For example, a laminate of polyester, cotton, or recycled leather is also used as a textile support to complement our aloe vera residue leather, giving a very similar film finish, but at the same time different from the commonly used synthetic leather that is made from different bases and highly polluting coatings. The operations written and broken down above constitute an example of the production and materialization,achieving improvement or adding a new procedure in the invention leading to all future variations and operations based on the described or auxiliary procedure that fall within the scope of continuous improvement.

Claims

MODIFIED CLAIMS received by the International Bureau on 21 March 2025 (21.03.2025) 1. Process for the production of flexible, ecological and sustainable skin-like coatings, characterized by the combination of polymeric biocomposites obtained from agro-industrial waste, through a process that includes: (a) Collection, crushing and sorting of plant waste such as avocado, sargassum, coffee, among others, (b) Progressive drying of the material using industrial dehydration and "cold drying" with diode laser technology, (c) Grinding and pulverizing of the material until obtaining a granule size between 0.075 mm and 0.15 mm. (d) Mixing with biopolymers and natural binders to form a homogeneous paste, (e) Application of at least three layers of coating with drying controlled by laser technology, (f) Surface texturing by automated laser engraving.

2. Flexible leather-like coating obtained by the process of claim 1, characterized by presenting: (a) Multilayer structure with high mechanical strength and flexibility, optimized by grain size control and laser drying, (b) Regulated vapor and air permeability, suitable for applications in footwear, clothing and automotive upholstery, (c) Improved tensile strength and durability properties, evidenced in comparative tests with conventional materials. [0001]DECLARATION ACCORDING TO ARTICLE 19 (1) [0002]The modifications made to the claims improve the clarity and differentiation of the process and product. The non-obvious technical effects derived from particle size and freeze-drying are emphasized, providing advantages in energy efficiency, strength, and flexibility, supported by the relevant paragraphs of the original application. [0003]The modifications do not affect the description or the drawings and reinforce the technical basis of the international application.

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