Communication method and apparatus

Abstract

A communication method and apparatus, relating to the technical field of communications, and for used in ensuring intra-group orthogonality and inter-group quasi-orthogonality while supporting a greater number of reference signal ports. The method comprises: acquiring a reference signal sequence set, and sending a reference signal on the basis of the reference signal sequence set, wherein the reference signal sequence set is obtained by means of a base matrix and an extended matrix, the base matrix is determined on the basis of a Steiner triple system, the extended matrix is a unitary matrix, the reference signal sequence set comprises K groups of reference signal sequences, and K is an integer greater than 1; among the K groups of reference signal sequences, any two reference signal sequences in the i-th group of reference signal sequences are orthogonal, and reference signal sequences in the i-th group of reference signal sequences are quasi-orthogonal to reference signal sequences in the j-th group of reference signal sequences, wherein i and j are any integers from 1 to K.

Description

Communication methods and devices

[0001] This application claims priority to Chinese Patent Application No. 202410506115.1, filed with the State Intellectual Property Office of China on April 24, 2024, entitled "Communication Method and Apparatus", the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. Technical Field

[0002] This application relates to the field of communications, and more particularly to a communication method and apparatus. Background Technology

[0003] In multi-user multiple-input and multiple-output (MU-MIMO) systems, Rel-15 to Rel-17 systems support a maximum of 12 orthogonal demodulation reference signal (DMRS) ports, such as frequency domain (FD) orthogonal cover code (FD-OCC)2, time domain (TD) orthogonal cover code (TD-OCC)2, and frequency domain multiplexing (FDM)3. Rel-18 supports a maximum of 24 orthogonal DMRS ports, such as FD-OCC4, TD-OCC2, and FDM3. Considering beamforming gain, it is necessary to design intra-group orthogonal and inter-group quasi-orthogonal DMRS sequences so that different DMRS ports of the same user are orthogonal. That is, the same user obtains orthogonal DMRS ports through orthogonal sequences, while the DMRS ports of different users are quasi-orthogonal. In other words, interference between users is minimized by using quasi-orthogonal sequences and beamforming to minimize interference between non-orthogonal DMRS ports.

[0004] However, future communication systems may need to support more DMRS ports, and how to ensure intra-group orthogonality and inter-group quasi-orthogonality for these DMRS ports is currently a hot research topic. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This application provides a communication method and apparatus to ensure intra-group orthogonality and inter-group quasi-orthogonality while supporting more reference signal ports.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, this application adopts the following technical solution:

[0007] Firstly, a communication method is provided. This method can be executed by a first device, or by a module applied to the first device (e.g., a processor, circuit, chip, or chip system), or by a logic node, logic module, or software capable of implementing all or part of the functions of the first device. For ease of description, the following description assumes that the method is executed by the first device. The method includes: acquiring a set of reference signal sequences, and transmitting reference signals based on the set of reference signal sequences. The set of reference signal sequences is obtained through a basis matrix and an extension matrix. The basis matrix is ​​determined according to the Steiner ternary system, and the extension matrix is ​​a unitary matrix. The set of reference signal sequences contains K sets of reference signal sequences, where K is an integer greater than 1. In the K sets of reference signal sequences, any two reference signal sequences in the i-th set are orthogonal, and the i-th set of reference signal sequences is quasi-orthogonal to the reference signal sequences in the j-th set, where i and j are any integers from 1 to K.

[0008] As described in the first aspect, based on the basis matrix (such as a quasi-orthogonal sequence) determined by the Steiner ternary system and the extended matrix (such as an orthogonal sequence) which is a unitary matrix, a set of reference signal sequences with a larger sequence size can be constructed. This means it supports more reference signal ports and satisfies intra-group orthogonality and inter-group quasi-orthogonality. For example, any two reference signal sequences in the i-th group are orthogonal, and the i-th group is quasi-orthogonal to the reference signal sequences in the j-th group. Furthermore, because the sequence structures of the basis matrix and the extended matrix are relatively flexible, the constructed set of reference signal sequences can also be more flexible, adaptable to more flexible communication scenarios in the future.

[0009] In one possible design, the Steiner ternary system is (2, u, v), and the set of reference signal sequences corresponds to the Steiner ternary system as follows: K = v, M = (v-1) / (u-1), L = v(v-1) / u(u-1); where M is the number of reference signal sequences in each set, and L is the sequence length of each reference signal sequence. Based on these relationships, it can be seen that there are multiple combinations of values ​​for the Steiner ternary system (2, u, v) and K, M, L, meaning that the construction of the reference signal sequence set can be more flexible to adapt to more flexible communication scenarios in the future.

[0010] In one possible design, the elements of each row of the basis matrix are determined according to the Steiner ternary system. For example, the Steiner ternary system is used to determine block B. i Block B i It contains u elements from v, and the elements of each row of the basis matrix are based on block B. iThe positions of the u elements in v are determined. Since the construction of each block in the Steiner triple system can be unique, this ensures that the elements in each row of the basis matrix are different, thereby ensuring that the subsequent construction of the reference signal sequence can satisfy the inter-group quasi-orthogonality.

[0011] Optionally, block B i The number of elements is L, and the basis matrix is ​​an L×K dimensional matrix; in the L×K dimensional matrix, the position of the element with a value of 1 in each row is related to the L blocks B1, B2, ..., B L Each block B in i The u elements correspond to the positions in v, and the elements in each row, except for the element with a value of 1, have a value of 0. That is, the elements in the basis matrix are not directly replaced by the elements in the block, but the elements in the block are mapped to 0 / 1 elements through position mapping, so as to achieve quasi-orthogonality between groups through the sequence of 0 / 1 elements.

[0012] Optionally, L blocks B1, B2, ..., B L It is determined by subset T, which contains two elements from v, and subset T belongs to only one block B. i That is, define subset T and block B. i The relationship enables us to ensure that the elements contained in each block are unique.

[0013] Alternatively, the values ​​of v and u are determined according to at least one of the following: v = q m u = q, v = q m +q m-1 +…+1, u=q+1,v=q 3 +1, u = q + 1, or v = 2 r+s +2 r -2 s u = 2 r Alternatively, it can take any other possible values; there are no specific restrictions. Where q = p n p is a prime number, n is a positive integer, and r and s are non-negative integers.

[0014] Optionally, the quasi-orthogonality between the i-th group of reference signal sequences and the j-th group of reference signal sequences satisfies the following condition: the maximum value of the inner product of the i-th group of reference signal sequences and the j-th group of reference signal sequences is less than or equal to a preset threshold, so as to ensure that the interference of quasi-orthogonality between groups is minimized.

[0015] Furthermore, the maximum value of the inner product is P, and P satisfies the following relationship:

[0016] In one possible design, the extended matrix includes at least one of the following: a Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) matrix, a Hadamard matrix, or a matrix composed of cyclic shifts of a ZC sequence.

[0017] Optionally, the dimension of the extended matrix is ​​M.

[0018] It can be seen that the extended matrices are all orthogonal to the sequences, and the dimension of the extended matrix can determine the number of sequences within a group; that is, the sequences within the extended matrix are orthogonal. Thus, by performing an extension operation on the extended matrix and the basis matrix, a set of reference signal sequences that are orthogonal within a group and quasi-orthogonal between groups can be obtained.

[0019] Optionally, the values ​​of K, M, and L can be combined as follows: K = 4, M = 3, L = 6, that is, 6 orthogonal time-frequency resources support 12 reference signal ports, or K = 9, M = 4, L = 12, that is, 12 orthogonal time-frequency resources support 36 reference signal ports, or other values ​​are also possible, without any specific restrictions.

[0020] In one possible design, the reference signal is a demodulation reference signal DMRS or a probe reference signal SRS, or any other possible reference signal, without any specific limitation.

[0021] In one possible design, the method described in the first aspect may further include: receiving first indication information, wherein the first indication information is used to indicate at least one of the following: K, M, or L, where M is the number of reference signal sequences contained in a set of reference signal sequences, and L is the sequence length of the reference signal sequences, so that the transmitting end can transmit reference signals using reference signal sequences of the corresponding structure to ensure that the receiving end can perform channel estimation or channel measurement normally.

[0022] In one possible design, the method in the first aspect may further include: receiving second indication information, wherein the second indication information is used to indicate a reference signal port number, the reference signal port number corresponding to at least one reference signal sequence in a set of K reference signal sequences. Correspondingly, transmitting a reference signal according to the set of reference signal sequences includes: transmitting a reference signal according to the second indication information and at least one reference signal sequence, such that the transmitting end knows which reference signal sequences it is configured to use, to avoid transmission failure due to the use of an unconfigured reference signal sequence.

[0023] Secondly, a communication method is provided. This method can be executed by a first device or a second device, or by a module (e.g., processor, circuit, chip, or chip system) applied to the first device or the second device, or by a logic node, logic module, or software capable of implementing all or part of the functions of the first device or the second device. For ease of description, the following description assumes that the method is executed by the first device or the second device. The method includes: receiving a reference signal, and performing channel estimation or channel measurement based on a set of reference signal sequences corresponding to the reference signal. The set of reference signal sequences is obtained through a basis matrix and an extension matrix. The basis matrix is ​​determined according to the Steiner ternary system, and the extension matrix is ​​a unitary matrix. The set of reference signal sequences contains K sets of reference signal sequences, where K is an integer greater than 1. In the K sets of reference signal sequences, any two reference signal sequences in the i-th set are orthogonal, and the i-th set of reference signal sequences is quasi-orthogonal to the reference signal sequences in the j-th set, where i and j are any integers from 1 to K.

[0024] In one possible design scheme, the Steiner triplet is (2, u, v), and the set of reference signal sequences and the Steiner triplet satisfy the following correspondence: K = v, M = (v-1) / (u-1), L = v(v-1) / u(u-1); M is the number of reference signal sequences contained in each set of reference signal sequences, and L is the sequence length of the reference signal sequence.

[0025] In one possible design, the elements of each row of the basis matrix are determined according to the Steiner ternary system.

[0026] Optionally, the Steiner ternary system is used to determine block B. i Block B i It contains u elements from v, and the elements of each row of the basis matrix are based on block B. i The positions of the u elements in v are determined.

[0027] Optionally, block B i The number of elements is L, and the basis matrix is ​​an L×K dimensional matrix; in the L×K dimensional matrix, the position of the element with a value of 1 in each row is related to the L blocks B1, B2, ..., B L Each block B in i The u elements correspond to the positions in v, and the values ​​of all elements in each row except the element with a value of 1 are 0.

[0028] Optionally, L blocks B1, B2, ..., B L It is determined by subset T, which contains two elements from v, and subset T belongs to only one block B. i .

[0029] Alternatively, the values ​​of v and u are determined according to at least one of the following: v = qm u = q, v = q m +q m-1 +…+1, u=q+1,v=q 3 +1, u = q + 1, or v = 2 r+s +2 r -2 s u = 2 r Where q = p n p is a prime number, n is a positive integer, and r and s are non-negative integers.

[0030] In one possible design scheme, the reference signal sequence in the i-th group and the reference signal sequence in the j-th group are quasi-orthogonal, satisfying the condition that the maximum value of the inner product of the reference signal sequence in the i-th group and the reference signal sequence in the j-th group is less than or equal to a preset threshold.

[0031] Optionally, the maximum value of the inner product is P, and P satisfies the following relationship:

[0032] In one possible design, the extended matrix includes at least one of the following: a Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) matrix, a Hadamard matrix, or a matrix composed of cyclic shifts of a ZC sequence.

[0033] Optionally, the dimension of the extended matrix is ​​M.

[0034] In one possible design scheme, the values ​​of K, M, and L can be: K = 4, M = 3, L = 6, or K = 9, M = 4, L = 12.

[0035] In one possible design, the reference signal is either a demodulation reference signal DMRS or a detection reference signal SRS.

[0036] It is understandable that the technical effects of the method described in the second aspect can also refer to the relevant introduction of the method described in the first aspect above, and will not be repeated here.

[0037] Thirdly, a communication method is provided. This method can be executed by a second device, or by a module applied to the second device (e.g., a processor, circuit, chip, or chip system), or by a logic node, logic module, or software capable of implementing all or part of the functions of the second device. For ease of description, the following description assumes that the method is executed by a second device. The method includes: acquiring a set of reference signal sequences, and transmitting reference signals according to the set of reference signal sequences. The set of reference signal sequences contains K sets of reference signal sequences, where K is an integer greater than 1; in the K sets of reference signal sequences, any two reference signal sequences in the i-th set are orthogonal, and the i-th set of reference signal sequences is quasi-orthogonal to the reference signal sequences in the j-th set, where i and j are any integers from 1 to K; in the K sets of reference signal sequences, the number M of reference signal sequences in any set is different from the sequence length L of the reference signal sequences, where M and L are integers greater than 1.

[0038] In one possible design, the set of reference signal sequences is obtained through a basis matrix and an extended matrix. The basis matrix is ​​determined according to the Steiner ternary system, and the extended matrix is ​​a unitary matrix.

[0039] In one possible design scheme, the Steiner triplet is (2, u, v), and the set of reference signal sequences and the Steiner triplet satisfy the following correspondence: K = v, M = (v-1) / (u-1), L = v(v-1) / u(u-1); M is the number of reference signal sequences contained in each set of reference signal sequences, and L is the sequence length of the reference signal sequence.

[0040] In one possible design, the elements of each row of the basis matrix are determined according to the Steiner ternary system.

[0041] Optionally, the Steiner ternary system is used to determine block B. i Block B i It contains u elements from v, and the elements of each row of the basis matrix are based on block B. i The positions of the u elements in v are determined.

[0042] Optionally, block B i The number of elements is L, and the basis matrix is ​​an L×K dimensional matrix; in the L×K dimensional matrix, the position of the element with a value of 1 in each row is related to the L blocks B1, B2, ..., B L Each block B in i The u elements correspond to the positions in v, and the values ​​of all elements in each row except the element with a value of 1 are 0.

[0043] Optionally, L blocks B1, B2, ..., B LIt is determined by subset T, which contains two elements from v, and subset T belongs to only one block B. i .

[0044] Alternatively, the values ​​of v and u are determined according to at least one of the following: v = q m u = q, v = q m +q m-1 +…+1, u=q+1,v=q 3 +1, u = q + 1, or v = 2 r+s +2 r -2 s u = 2 r Where q = p n p is a prime number, n is a positive integer, and r and s are non-negative integers.

[0045] In one possible design scheme, the reference signal sequence in the i-th group and the reference signal sequence in the j-th group are quasi-orthogonal, satisfying the condition that the maximum value of the inner product of the reference signal sequence in the i-th group and the reference signal sequence in the j-th group is less than or equal to a preset threshold.

[0046] Furthermore, the maximum value of the inner product is P, and P satisfies the following relationship:

[0047] In one possible design, the extended matrix includes at least one of the following: a Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) matrix, a Hadamard matrix, or a matrix composed of cyclic shifts of a ZC sequence.

[0048] In one possible design, the reference signal is either a demodulation reference signal DMRS or a detection reference signal SRS.

[0049] It is understandable that the technical effects of the method described in the third aspect can be referred to the relevant introduction of the method described in the first aspect above, and will not be repeated here.

[0050] Fourthly, a communication device is provided, the communication device including a module (or unit or means) for performing the method described in any one of the first to third aspects described above.

[0051] In one possible design, the communication device described in the fourth aspect may further include a transceiver. This transceiver may be a transceiver circuit or an interface circuit. The transceiver can be used for communication between the communication device described in the fourth aspect and other communication devices.

[0052] In one possible design, the communication device described in the fourth aspect may further include a memory. This memory may be integrated with the processor or disposed separately. The memory may be used to store instructions relating to the methods described in any of the first to third aspects.

[0053] In the embodiments of this application, the communication device described in the fourth aspect may be a terminal or a network device, or may be a chip (system) or other component or assembly disposed in the terminal or network device, or may include the terminal or network device.

[0054] It is understood that the technical effects of the device described in the fourth aspect can also refer to the relevant descriptions of the methods in any of the first to third aspects mentioned above, and will not be repeated here.

[0055] Fifthly, a communication device is provided. The communication device includes a processor coupled to a memory, the processor being configured to execute instructions stored in the memory such that the communication device performs the method described in any one of the first to third aspects.

[0056] In one possible design, the communication device described in the fifth aspect may further include a transceiver. This transceiver may be a transceiver circuit or an interface circuit. The transceiver can be used for communication between the communication device described in the fifth aspect and other communication devices.

[0057] In the embodiments of this application, the communication device described in the fifth aspect may be a terminal or network device described in any one of the first to third aspects, or may be a chip (system) or other component or assembly disposed in the terminal or network device, or may include the terminal or network device.

[0058] Furthermore, the technical effects of the communication device described in the fifth aspect can be referred to the technical effects of the method described in any one of the first to third aspects, and will not be repeated here.

[0059] A sixth aspect provides a communication device, comprising: a processor and a memory; the memory being used to store instructions that, when executed by the processor, cause the communication device to perform the method as described in any one of the first to third aspects.

[0060] In one possible design, the communication device described in the sixth aspect may further include a transceiver. This transceiver may be a transceiver circuit or an interface circuit. The transceiver can be used by the communication device described in the third aspect to communicate with other communication devices.

[0061] In the embodiments of this application, the communication device described in the sixth aspect may be a network device described in any one of the first to third aspects, or a chip (system) or other component or assembly disposed in the network device, or a device containing the network device.

[0062] Furthermore, the technical effects of the communication device described in the sixth aspect can be referred to the technical effects of the method described in any one of the first to third aspects, and will not be repeated here.

[0063] A seventh aspect provides a chip comprising: a controller and an interface circuit, wherein the controller is configured to interact with other devices via the interface circuit to perform the method described in any one of the first to third aspects.

[0064] Eighthly, a communication system is provided. The communication system includes means for performing the method of the first aspect and means for performing the method of the second aspect; or, the communication system includes one or more means for performing the method of the third aspect.

[0065] A ninth aspect provides a computer-readable storage medium including storage of a computer program or instructions that, when executed, cause the method described in any one of the first to third aspects to be performed.

[0066] A tenth aspect provides a computer program product comprising a computer program or instructions that, when run, cause the method described in any one of the first to third aspects to be performed. Attached Figure Description

[0067] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the DMRS port;

[0068] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of a scenario where the groups are orthogonal within each group and quasi-orthogonal between each group.

[0069] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the architecture of the communication system provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0070] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the architecture of the communication system provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0071] Figure 5 is a flowchart illustrating the communication method provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0072] Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of an application scenario of the communication method provided in the embodiment of this application;

[0073] Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the second application scenario of the communication method provided in the embodiment of this application;

[0074] Figure 8 is a schematic flowchart of the communication method provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0075] Figure 9 is a schematic diagram of the communication device provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0076] Figure 10 is a second schematic diagram of the structure of the communication device provided in the embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0077] The technical solutions of this application embodiment can be applied to various communication systems, such as Wi-Fi wireless network systems, vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication systems, device-to-device (D2D) communication systems, vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication systems, fourth-generation (4G) mobile communication systems, such as long-term evolution (LTE) systems, worldwide interoperability for microwave access (WiMAX) communication systems, fifth-generation (5G) mobile communication systems, such as new radio (NR) systems, and future communication systems, such as 5.5G and sixth-generation (6G) mobile communication systems.

[0078] For ease of understanding, the technical terms used in this application will be introduced below.

[0079] 1. Communication sequence:

[0080] Communication sequences are widely used in LTE / NR standard protocols, including downlink synchronization, random access, and reference signals such as sounding reference signals (SRS) and demodulation reference signals (DMRS). Common sequence evaluation metrics include autocorrelation, cross-correlation, sequence capacity, frequency offset resistance, peak-to-average power ratio, and dual-domain constant modulus. The sequences involved in the NR protocol include three types: pseudo-random sequences (m-sequences, Gold sequences), polyphase sequences (ZC (Zadoff-Chu) sequences), and computer-generated sequences (CGS), also known as short sequences. Based on their purpose, sequences are mainly classified into six categories: 1) random access uses ZC sequences; 2) reference signals use Gold sequences, ZC sequences, or short sequences; 3) synchronization signals use m-sequences / Gold sequences; 4) sequence modulation uses short sequences; 5) sequence scrambling uses Gold sequences; and 6) sequence frequency hopping uses Gold sequences.

[0081] The LTE / NR orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) waveform DMRS uses a Gold sequence modulated by quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) in the frequency domain. The initial value of the Gold sequence can be determined by the cell identifier or scrambling identifier. During the evolution of NR OFDM waveform DMRS, for multi-user multiple-input and multiple-output (MU-MIMO) systems, as shown in Figure 1(a), Rel-15 to Rel-17 support a maximum of 12 orthogonal DMRS ports, such as frequency domain (FD) orthogonal cover code (FD-OCC)2, time domain (TD) orthogonal cover code (TD-OCC)2, and frequency domain multiplexing (FDM)3, as shown in Figure 1(b). Rel-18 supports a maximum of 24 orthogonal DMRS ports, such as FD-OCC4, TD-OCC2, and FDM3.

[0082] It can be seen that the number of orthogonal time-frequency resources determines the number of DMRS ports. Increasing the number of orthogonal time-frequency resources can increase the number of DMRS ports, but it will lead to greater pilot resource overhead and reduced spectral efficiency. In addition, as shown in Figure 2, in a MU-MIMO system, considering beamforming gain, it is necessary to design intra-group orthogonal and inter-group quasi-orthogonal DMRS sequences so that different DMRS ports of the same user are orthogonal. That is, the same user obtains orthogonal DMRS ports through orthogonal sequences, and the DMRS ports of different users are quasi-orthogonal. In other words, interference between users is minimized by using quasi-orthogonal sequences and beamforming to minimize interference between non-orthogonal DMRS ports.

[0083] 2. Mutually unbiased bases:

[0084] The definition of mutually unbiased bases is as follows: (Setting) and For linear space An orthonormal basis, if j∈{1,2,…,L},| i ,b j >| 2 =1 / L, then it is called and ​They are mutually unbiased bases. The operators <> denote inner product, and || denote the modulo operation on a complex number. A sequence satisfying the condition of being mutually unbiased bases is constructed as follows: Where, the sequence length q = p n p is a prime number, and n is a positive integer. It is a q-dimensional identity matrix. In this case, the sequence forms q+1 linear spaces. Mutually unbiased bases.

[0085] For example, when the sequence length q is a prime number, if a ≠ 0 and b = 0, then ν a It can be a ZC sequence with q-1 distinct roots. If b≠0 and a=0, then ν a It can be a q-dimensional discrete Fourier transformation (DFT) matrix. q-1 distinct ZC sequences, 1 q-dimensional DFT matrix, and 1 q-dimensional identity matrix constitute q+1 mutually unbiased bases.

[0086] It should be understood that q+1 mutually unbiased bases can also be interpreted as intra-group orthogonal and inter-group quasi-orthogonal.

[0087] 3. Complex equiangular lines:

[0088] Linear L-dimensional vector The conditions for forming a complex isogonal are: 1) 2) Based on this, construct a sequence that satisfies the complex isogonal condition, specifically, a sequence of K lengths and a set u = {u1, u2, ..., u...}. L} is a set A subset of set u, if the elements in set u form L(L-1) differences. If we take all non-zero values ​​1, 2, ..., N-1, and each value appears λ = L(L-1) / (K-1) times, then the set u is called the difference set (K,L,λ). The partial columns of the inverse discrete fourier transform (IDFT) matrix corresponding to the elements in the difference set u form a complex isogonal sequence.

[0089] For example, for a 7-dimensional IDFT matrix, the 7 columns of the IDFT matrix are as follows: At this point, the 1st, 2nd, and 4th columns of the IDFT matrix form a difference triplet (7,3,1), and any two sequences in these three columns form a complex isogonal line.

[0090] It should be understood that the formation of a complex isogonal line between any two sequences in the difference set can also be interpreted as the two sequences satisfying inter-group quasi-orthogonality.

[0091] In a MU-MIMO scenario, there are K users (groups), each user sending M pilot signals (i.e., the number of sequences, or the number of sequences within a group is M), the number of orthogonal resources is L (i.e., the sequence length is L), the sequences within a group are orthogonal, and the maximum dot product between sequences is P, forming a quadruple (K, M, L, P). As described above regarding mutually unbiased base cases, the characteristic of mutually unbiased base cases is that the number of pilot signals (e.g., the number of DMRS ports M) for the same user equals the number of orthogonal resources L, corresponding to a quadruple (K, M, L, P). As explained above regarding the complex isogonal property, for the difference set to satisfy the complex isogonal property, the number of pilot signals M for the same user must be equal to 1, meaning that each set contains one sequence, corresponding to a quadruple.

[0092] In other words, in MU-MIMO scenarios, if intra-group orthogonality and inter-group quasi-orthogonality are to be achieved through mutual unbiased bases, the number of pilots for each user must be the same as the number of orthogonal resources. If intra-group orthogonality and inter-group quasi-orthogonality are to be achieved through complex isogonal lines, the number of pilots for each user must be 1. These are undoubtedly two rather restrictive conditions, which means that they can only be applied to specific scenarios and cannot be applied to scenarios where the number of pilots and orthogonal resources for users are more flexible.

[0093] To address the aforementioned technical problems, the embodiments of this application propose the following technical solutions.

[0094] The technical solutions in this application will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0095] In the embodiments of this application, "instruction" can include direct and indirect instructions, as well as explicit and implicit instructions. The information indicated by a certain piece of information is called the information to be instructed. In the specific implementation process, there are many ways to instruct the information to be instructed, such as, but not limited to, directly instructing the information to be instructed, such as the information to be instructed itself or its index. It can also indirectly instruct the information to be instructed by instructing other information, where there is a relationship between the other information and the information to be instructed. It can also instruct only a part of the information to be instructed, while the other parts are known or pre-agreed upon. For example, the instruction of specific information can be achieved by using a pre-agreed (e.g., protocol-defined) arrangement of various pieces of information, thereby reducing instruction overhead to some extent. At the same time, common parts of various pieces of information can be identified and uniformly indicated to reduce the instruction overhead caused by individually indicating the same information.

[0096] Furthermore, the specific indication method can also be any existing indication method, such as, but not limited to, the above-mentioned indication methods and their various combinations. Specific details of various indication methods can be found in existing technologies, and will not be repeated here. As described above, for example, when multiple pieces of information of the same type need to be indicated, the indication methods for different pieces of information may differ. In the specific implementation process, the required indication method can be selected according to specific needs. This application embodiment does not limit the selected indication method; therefore, the indication methods involved in this application embodiment should be understood to cover various methods that enable the party to be indicated to obtain the information to be indicated.

[0097] It should be understood that the information to be indicated can be sent as a whole or divided into multiple sub-information messages sent separately, and the sending period and / or timing of these sub-information messages can be the same or different. The specific sending method is not limited in this application embodiment. The sending period and / or timing of these sub-information messages can be predefined, for example, according to a protocol, or configured by the sending device by sending configuration information to the receiving device.

[0098] In this application, "sending information" can be understood as one device sending information to another device, or it can also be understood as one logical module within a device sending information to another logical module. For example, "network device sending information" can be understood as a network device sending information to another device (such as a terminal or other network device), or it can be understood as logical module 1 in the network device sending information to logical module 2 in the network device.

[0099] In this application, "receiving information" can be understood as one device receiving information from another device, or it can also be understood as a logical module within a device receiving information from another logical module. For example, "network device receiving information" can be understood as a network device receiving information from another device (such as a terminal or other network device), or it can be understood as logical module 1 in the network device receiving information from logical module 2 in the network device.

[0100] In this application, phrases such as "sending information to... (e.g., a terminal)" or related illustrations in the accompanying drawings can be understood as indicating that the destination of the information is a terminal. This can include sending information directly or indirectly to a terminal. Similarly, phrases such as "receiving information from... (e.g., a terminal)," "receiving information from... (e.g., a terminal)," or "receiving information sent by (e.g., a terminal)," or related illustrations in the accompanying drawings, can be understood as indicating that the source of the information is a terminal. This can include receiving information directly or indirectly from a terminal. Information may undergo necessary processing between the source and destination, such as format changes, but the destination can understand the valid information from the source. Similar expressions in this application can be interpreted similarly and will not be elaborated further here.

[0101] "Predefined" or "pre-configured" can be achieved by pre-saving corresponding codes, tables, or other means that can be used to indicate relevant information in the device. This application does not limit the specific implementation method. "Saving" can refer to saving in one or more memories. These memories can be separate installations or integrated into the encoder, decoder, processor, or communication device. Alternatively, some memories can be separately installed, while others are integrated into the decoder, processor, or communication device. The type of memory can be any form of storage medium, and this application does not limit this.

[0102] The “protocol” mentioned in the embodiments of this application may refer to a protocol family in the field of communication, a standard protocol with a similar protocol family frame structure, or a related protocol applied to future communication systems. The embodiments of this application do not specifically limit this.

[0103] In the embodiments of this application, descriptions such as "when," "under the circumstances," "if," and "if" all refer to the device making corresponding processing under certain objective circumstances, and are not limited to a specific time. They do not require the device to make a judgment action during implementation, nor do they imply any other limitations.

[0104] In the description of the embodiments of this application, unless otherwise stated, " / " indicates that the objects before and after are in an "or" relationship. For example, A / B can represent A or B. "And / or" in the embodiments of this application is merely a description of the relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can represent: A alone, A and B simultaneously, and B alone, where A and B can be singular or plural. Furthermore, in the description of the embodiments of this application, unless otherwise stated, "multiple" refers to two or more. "At least one of the following" or similar expressions refer to any combination of these items, including any combination of single or plural items. For example, at least one of a, b, or c can represent: a, b, c, ab, ac, bc, or abc, where a, b, and c can be single or multiple. Additionally, to facilitate a clear description of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application, the terms "first" and "second" are used in the embodiments of this application to distinguish identical or similar items with essentially the same function and effect. Those skilled in the art will understand that the terms "first," "second," etc., do not limit the quantity or order of execution, and that "first," "second," etc., are not necessarily different. Furthermore, in the embodiments of this application, words such as "exemplary" or "for example" are used to indicate that something is being used as an example, illustration, or description. Any embodiment or design scheme described as "exemplary" or "for example" in the embodiments of this application should not be construed as being more preferred or advantageous than other embodiments or design schemes. Specifically, the use of words such as "exemplary" or "for example" is intended to present the relevant concepts in a concrete manner for ease of understanding.

[0105] The network architecture and business scenarios described in the embodiments of this application are for the purpose of more clearly illustrating the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application, and do not constitute a limitation on the technical solutions provided in the embodiments of this application. As those skilled in the art will know, with the evolution of network architecture and the emergence of new business scenarios, the technical solutions provided in the embodiments of this application are also applicable to similar technical problems.

[0106] To facilitate understanding of the embodiments of this application, a communication system applicable to the embodiments of this application will be described in detail first, taking a communication system as an example. For example, as shown in FIG3, the communication system mainly includes a first device and a second device. The first device may be a terminal or a network device, and the second device may also be a terminal or a network device.

[0107] For example, one possible, non-limiting architecture of the communication system can be shown in Figure 4. As shown in Figure 4, the communication system 10 includes network devices, such as a radio access network (RAN) 100 and a core network (CN) 200. RAN 100 includes at least one RAN node (110a and 110b in Figure 4, collectively referred to as 110) and at least one terminal (120a-120j in Figure 4, collectively referred to as 120). RAN 100 may also include other RAN nodes, such as wireless relay devices and / or wireless backhaul devices (not shown in Figure 4). Terminal 120 is wirelessly connected to RAN node 110. RAN node 110 is wirelessly or wired connected to core network 200. The core network devices in core network 200 and RAN node 110 in RAN 100 can be different physical devices, or they can be the same physical device integrating core network logical functions and radio access network logical functions.

[0108] RAN 100 can be a 3GPP-related cellular system, such as a 4G or 5G mobile communication system, or a future-oriented evolution system (such as a 6G mobile communication system). RAN 100 can also be an open access network (open RAN, O-RAN, or ORAN), a cloud radio access network (CRAN), or a wireless fidelity (WiFi) system. RAN 100 can also be a communication system that integrates two or more of the above systems.

[0109] RAN node 110, sometimes also referred to as access network equipment, RAN entity, or access node, constitutes part of the communication system and is used to help terminals achieve wireless access. Multiple RAN nodes 110 in communication system 10 can be of the same type or different types. In some scenarios, the roles of RAN node 110 and terminal 120 are relative. For example, network element 120i in Figure 4 can be a helicopter or drone, which can be configured as a mobile base station. For terminals 120j accessing RAN 100 through network element 120i, network element 120i is a base station; but for base station 110a, network element 120i is a terminal. RAN node 110 and terminal 120 are sometimes both referred to as communication devices. For example, network elements 110a and 110b in Figure 4 can be understood as communication devices with base station functions, and network elements 120a-120j can be understood as communication devices with terminal functions.

[0110] In one possible scenario, the RAN node can be a base station, an evolved NodeB (eNodeB), an access point (AP), a transmission reception point (TRP), a next-generation NodeB (gNB), a next-generation base station in a 6th-generation (6G) mobile communication system, a base station in a future mobile communication system, or an access node in a WiFi system. The RAN node can be a macro base station (as shown in Figure 4, 110a), a micro base station or indoor station (as shown in Figure 4, 110b), a relay node or donor node, or a radio controller in a CRAN scenario. Optionally, the RAN node can also be a server, wearable device, vehicle, or in-vehicle equipment. For example, the access network equipment in vehicle-to-everything (V2X) technology can be a roadside unit (RSU). All or part of the functions of the RAN node in this application can also be implemented through software functions running on hardware, or through virtualization functions instantiated on a platform (e.g., a cloud platform). The RAN node in this application can also be a logical node, logical module, or software that can implement all or part of the functions of the RAN node.

[0111] In another possible scenario, multiple RAN nodes collaborate to assist the terminal in achieving wireless access, with each RAN node performing a portion of the base station's functions. For example, RAN nodes can be central units (CUs), distributed units (DUs), CU-control plane (CPs), CU-user plane (UPs), or radio units (RUs), etc. CUs and DUs can be separate entities or included in the same network element, such as a baseband unit (BBU). RUs can be included in radio frequency equipment or radio frequency units, such as remote radio units (RRUs), active antenna units (AAUs), or remote radio heads (RRHs). CU (or CU-CP and CU-UP) or RU can be used to perform the methods of the embodiments of this application, or CU (or CU-CP and CU-UP) or RU can also cooperate with DU to perform the methods of the embodiments of this application. For example, CU (or CU-CP and CU-UP) or RU performs the transmit and receive functions of the methods of the embodiments of this application, and DU performs other functions of the methods of the embodiments of this application besides the transmit and receive functions.

[0112] In different systems, CU (or CU-CP and CU-UP), DU, or RU may have different names, but those skilled in the art will understand their meaning. For example, in an ORAN system, CU can also be called O-CU (open CU), DU can also be called O-DU, CU-CP can also be called O-CU-CP, CU-UP can also be called O-CU-UP, and RU can also be called O-RU. For ease of description, this application uses CU, CU-CP, CU-UP, DU, and RU as examples. Any of the units among CU (or CU-CP, CU-UP), DU, and RU in this application can be implemented through software modules, hardware modules, or a combination of software and hardware modules.

[0113] It is understood that the RAN node mentioned above can be a newly defined name, and RAN nodes can also be described in different ways, such as access node, network device, wireless access node, etc., without limitation. Unless otherwise specified in this application, network device will be used as the term.

[0114] A terminal can also be called a terminal device, user equipment (UE), mobile station, mobile terminal, etc. Terminals can be widely used in various scenarios, such as device-to-device (D2D), vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication, machine-type communication (MTC), Internet of Things (IoT), virtual reality, augmented reality, industrial control, autonomous driving, telemedicine, smart grids, smart furniture, smart offices, smart wearables, smart transportation, smart cities, etc. Terminals can be mobile phones, tablets, computers with wireless transceiver capabilities, wearable devices, vehicles, drones, helicopters, airplanes, ships, robots, robotic arms, smart home devices, etc. The embodiments of this application do not limit the device form of the terminal.

[0115] In this communication system, based on the basis matrix (e.g., quasi-orthogonal sequences) determined by the Steiner ternary system and the extended matrix (e.g., orthogonal sequences) which are unitary matrices, a larger set of reference signal sequences can be constructed, supporting more reference signal ports and satisfying intra-group orthogonality and inter-group quasi-orthogonality. For example, any two reference signal sequences in the i-th group are orthogonal, and the i-th group is quasi-orthogonal to the reference signal sequences in the j-th group. Furthermore, the flexible sequence structure of the basis and extended matrices allows for a more flexible set of reference signal sequences, adaptable to future more flexible communication scenarios.

[0116] The communication method and apparatus will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It is understood that this application uses the first and second devices as examples of the execution entities in the interactive illustration, but this application does not limit the execution entities in the interactive illustration. For example, the method executed by the first device in this application can also be executed by a module applied to the first device (e.g., a chip, chip system, or processor), or by a logic node, logic module, or software capable of implementing all or part of the functions of the first device; similarly, the method executed by the second device in this application can also be executed by a module applied to the second device (e.g., a chip, chip system, or processor), or by a logic node, logic module, or software capable of implementing all or part of the functions of the second device.

[0117] The interaction process between the devices in the above communication system will be described in detail below through method embodiments.

[0118] Figure 5 is a flowchart illustrating a communication method provided in an embodiment of this application. As shown in Figure 5, this communication method is applicable to the aforementioned communication system and mainly involves the interaction between a first device and a second device. The flow of this method is as follows:

[0119] S501, the first device acquires a set of reference signal sequences.

[0120] A reference signal sequence set is a set of sequences that satisfy intra-group orthogonality and inter-group quasi-orthogonality. The reference signal sequence set can be represented by a quadruple, such as (K, M, L, P), which will be discussed below.

[0121] 1) K is an integer greater than 1, representing the number of reference signal sequence groups. That is, the set of reference signal sequences can contain K groups of reference signal sequences, or K groups of sequences.

[0122] 2) M is an integer greater than 1, representing the number of reference signal sequences contained in each set of reference signal sequences.

[0123] 3) L is an integer greater than 1, representing the sequence length of the reference signal sequence. In the K sets of reference signal sequences, the number of reference signal sequences M in any set is different from the sequence length L, or simply put, M and L are different.

[0124] 4) P is the maximum value of the inner product of any two sets of reference signal sequences in the K sets of reference signal sequences, satisfying the following relationship:

[0125] In K sets of reference signal sequences, i and j are any integers from 1 to K. Any two reference signal sequences in the i-th set are orthogonal, and the i-th set is quasi-orthogonal to the reference signal sequences in the j-th set. That is, intra-group orthogonal and inter-group quasi-orthogonal. Specifically, inter-group quasi-orthogonality can be defined as follows: the maximum value of the inner product of the reference signal sequences in the i-th and j-th sets is less than or equal to a preset threshold. This preset threshold can be dynamically set according to actual conditions, and its specific value is not limited. This ensures that inter-group interference is minimized.

[0126] The set of reference signal sequences can be obtained through the basis matrix and the extended matrix, such as by performing an extension operation on the basis matrix and the extended matrix to obtain the set of reference signal sequences.

[0127] The basis matrix (or basis sequence) can be determined based on the Steiner triad.

[0128] Steiner's ternary system, also known as a 2-dimensional design, is used to determine block B. i For example, the Steiner triad can be (2, u, v). 2 indicates that the subset T contains 2 elements, i.e., |T| = 2, and u represents block B.i The number of elements in is u, that is, |B i | = u. v is the union of elements. The values ​​of v and u can be determined by at least one of the following: v = q m u = q, v = q m +q m-1 +…+1, u=q+1,v=q 3 +1, u = q + 1, or v = 2 r+s +2 r -2 s u = 2 r q = p, or any other possible values; the specific implementation is not restricted. n p is a prime number, n is a positive integer, and r and s are non-negative integers. v and block B i And the subset T satisfies the following relationship, block subset Block B i The subset T satisfies the following relationship: each subset T contains only one block B. i If (2, u, v) is determined, then block B... i The relation to subset T can be used to determine v(v-1) / u(u-1) blocks B. i That is, B1, B2, ..., B v(v-1) / u(u-1) The value of each element contained in each block can also be uniquely determined.

[0129] If the reference signal sequence set and the Steiner ternary system can satisfy a correspondence, such as K = v, M = (v-1) / (u-1), L = v(v-1) / u(u-1), then the value of (2,u,v) can be used to determine the construction of the reference signal sequence set, that is, the value of (K,M,L). Alternatively, given the value of (K,M,L), the value of (K,M,L) can be used to determine the value of (2,u,v). In this case, there can be multiple combinations of values ​​between (2,u,v) and (K,M,L), which means that the construction of the reference signal sequence set can be more flexible to be applicable to more flexible communication scenarios in the future.

[0130] The basis matrix can be an L×K dimensional matrix, meaning its size can be determined by the values ​​of L and K. The elements of each row of the basis matrix can be determined according to the Steiner ternary system. For example, the elements of each row of the basis matrix can be determined according to block B. i The positions of the u elements in v are determined. Since the construction of each block in the Steiner ternary system can be unique, this ensures that the elements in each row of the basis matrix are different, thus ensuring that the subsequent construction of the reference signal sequence can satisfy the inter-group quasi-orthogonality. Specifically, in the case of L = v(v-1) / u(u-1), block B i The number of blocks is L, such as blocks B1, B2, ..., BL In an L×K dimensional basis matrix, the position of the element with a value of 1 in each row is relative to the L blocks B1, B2, ..., B. L Each block B in i The u elements correspond to the positions in v, and the elements in each row, except for the element with a value of 1, have a value of 0. That is, the elements in the basis matrix are not directly replaced by the elements in the block, but the elements in the block are mapped to 0 / 1 elements through position mapping, so as to achieve quasi-orthogonality between groups through the sequence of 0 / 1 elements.

[0131] To make it easier to understand, we will use two examples below.

[0132] Example 1:

[0133] The Steiner triple (v, u, 1) = (4, 2, 1), and the quadruple of the reference signal sequence set (K, M, L, P) = (4, 3, 6, 1 / 3), where K = v = 4, M = (v-1) / (u-1) = 3, and L = v(v-1) / u(u-1) = 6. Therefore, block B... i There are 6 blocks: B1(1,2), B2(1,3), B3(1,4), B4(2,3), B5(2,4), and B6(3,4). Each block B... i The position of the element in v is used to determine the corresponding row element in the basis matrix, as shown in Equation 1 below:

[0134] It can be seen that in the 6 rows of the base matrix, the position of the element with 1 in each row is related to block B. i The elements in the matrix are in the same position as those in the matrix v. For example, the elements of block B1(1,2) are in the 1st and 2nd positions in the matrix v, so the first row of the matrix is ​​(1,1,0,0). The elements of block B2(1,3) are in the 1st and 3rd positions in the matrix v, so the second row of the matrix is ​​(1,0,1,0), and so on.

[0135] Example 2:

[0136] The Steiner triplet (v, u, 1) = (9, 3, 1), and the quadruple of the reference signal sequence set (K, M, L, P) = (9, 4, 12, 1 / 4), where K = v = 9, M = (v-1) / (u-1) = 4, and L = v(v-1) / u(u-1) = 12. Block B i There are 12 blocks, namely block B1(1,2,3), block B2(1,4,5), block B3(1,6,7), block B4(1,8,9), block B5(2,4,6), block B6(2,5,8), block B7(2,7,9), block B8(3,4,7), block B9(3,5,9), and block B... 10(3,6,8), Block B 11 (4,6,9), Block B 12 (5,7,8). Each block B i The position of the element in v is used to determine the corresponding row element in the basis matrix, as shown in Equation 2 below:

[0137] It can be seen that in the 12 rows of the base matrix, the position of the element with 1 in each row is related to block B. i The elements in the matrix are in the same position as those in the matrix v. For example, the elements of block B1 (1,2,3) are in positions 1, 2, and 3 in the matrix v, and the first row of the matrix is ​​(1,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0). The elements of block B2 (1,4,5) are in positions 1, 4, and 5 in the matrix v, and the second row of the matrix is ​​(1,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,0). The elements of block B3 (1,6,7) are in positions 1, 6, and 7 in the matrix v, and the second row of the matrix is ​​(1,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0), and so on.

[0138] An extended matrix (or extended sequence) is a unitary matrix, which includes at least one of the following: a DFT matrix, a Hadamard matrix, or a matrix composed of cyclic shifts of a ZC sequence. The dimension of the extended matrix can be M, that is, the size of the extended matrix can be determined according to the value of M.

[0139] As can be seen, since the extended matrices are all orthogonal to the sequences, and the dimension of the extended matrix can determine the number of sequences within a group, that is, the sequences in the extended matrix are orthogonal within a group. Thus, by performing an extension operation on the extended matrix and the basis matrix, a set of reference signal sequences that are orthogonal within a group and quasi-orthogonal between groups can be obtained.

[0140] To make it easier to understand, the two examples above will be introduced below.

[0141] Example 1:

[0142] The unitary matrix used in the extended matrix is ​​an M = 3D DFT matrix.

[0143] The expansion operation of the basis matrix and the extended matrix is ​​as follows: the "1" elements in the basis sequence are expanded through the row vectors of the extended matrix, and the "0" elements in the basis matrix are expanded through the zero vector, as shown in Equation 3 below:

[0144] Thus, the set of reference signal sequences is a 6×4⊙3×3=6×12 dimensional matrix, where ⊙ represents the spread operator. Each column of the 6×12 dimensional matrix represents a sequence used by one reference signal port, i.e., one reference signal sequence, which occupies 6 orthogonal time-frequency resources. In the 6×12 dimensional matrix, every three consecutive columns, arranged from left to right or right to left, represent a group of reference signal sequences. In other words, the starting position of a group of reference signal sequences is Mmod3, where 3 represents the number of sequences in each group of reference signal sequences, and M is the number of columns in the matrix. In this case, there are a total of 4 groups of reference signal sequences, that is, 6 orthogonal time-frequency resources support 12 reference signal ports.

[0145] If each set of reference signal sequences is assigned to one UE, then the set of reference signal sequences can be configured for four UEs, such as UE 1, UE 2, UE 3, and UE 4. If UE 1 is configured to use the reference signal sequences in columns 1 to 3 of Equation 3 above, UE 2 is configured to use the reference signal sequences in columns 4 to 6 of Equation 3 above, UE 3 is configured to use the reference signal sequences in columns 7 to 9 of Equation 3 above, and UE 4 is configured to use the reference signal sequences in columns 10 to 12 of Equation 3 above, then the pattern of the reference signal ports for these four UEs can be as shown in Figure 6. Of course, a UE can also be configured to use a portion of a set of reference signal sequences. These reference signal sequences can be continuous sequences, such as UE 1 being configured with the reference signal sequences in columns 2 and 3, or columns 1 and 2, or they can be non-continuous sequences, such as UE 1 being configured with the reference signal sequences in columns 1 and 3.

[0146] Example 2:

[0147] The unitary matrix used in the extended matrix is ​​an M = 4-dimensional DFT matrix.

[0148] The expansion operation of the basis matrix and the extended matrix is ​​as follows: the "1" elements in the basis sequence are expanded through the row vectors of the extended matrix, and the "0" elements in the basis matrix are expanded through the zero vector, as shown in Equation 4 below:

[0149] Thus, the set of reference signal sequences is a 12×9⊙4×4=12×36 dimensional matrix, where ⊙ represents the spread operator. Each column of the 12×36 dimensional matrix represents a sequence used by one reference signal port, i.e., one reference signal sequence, which occupies 12 orthogonal time-frequency resources. In the 12×36 dimensional matrix, every four consecutive columns, arranged from left to right or right to left, represent a group of reference signal sequences. In other words, the starting position of a group of reference signal sequences is Mmod4, where 4 represents the number of sequences in each group of reference signal sequences, and M is the number of columns in the matrix. In this case, there are a total of 9 groups of reference signal sequences, that is, 12 orthogonal time-frequency resources support 36 reference signal ports.

[0150] If each set of reference signal sequences is assigned to one UE, then the reference signal sequence set can be configured for nine UEs, such as UE 1, UE 2, UE 3, up to UE 9. If UE 1 is configured to use the reference signal sequences in columns 1 to 4 of the reference signal sequence set, UE 2 is configured to use the reference signal sequences in columns 5 to 8 of the reference signal sequence set, UE 3 is configured to use the reference signal sequences in columns 9 to 12 of the reference signal sequence set, and so on, with UE 9 being configured to use the reference signal sequences in columns 33 to 36 of the reference signal sequence set, then the pattern of the reference signal ports for these nine UEs can be as shown in Figure 7.

[0151] In this embodiment of the application, the reference signal sequence set can be pre-configured or pre-defined locally on the first device.

[0152] For example, the set of reference signal sequences can be pre-configured in the form of table entries or predefined locally on the first device. This table entry can contain the values ​​of (K, M, L) for the set of reference signal sequences, and the expression for each reference signal sequence corresponding to (K, M, L) (refer to Equation 3 above). The table entry can also contain reference signal sequences from the prior art, i.e., extensions based on existing table entries, or it can be a newly defined table entry, different from the table containing reference signal sequences in the prior art; the specific implementation is not limited. Furthermore, the sequence corresponding to which (K, M, L) values ​​the first device needs to use can be predefined by the protocol or dynamically configured by the network side. For example, the first device can receive first indication information (such as first indication information from an access network device). The first indication information can carry at least one of any possible signaling, such as radio resource control (RRC), media access control-control element (MAC-CE), or downlink control information (DCI). The first indication information can be used to indicate at least one of the following: K, M, or L. Thus, the first device can determine the set of reference signal sequences it needs to use from the above entries based on the values ​​of (K,M,L).

[0153] Of course, the pre-configuration of the reference signal sequence set on the local side of the first device is just one example and is not limited. The first device can also dynamically obtain the reference signal sequence set from the network side (such as access network equipment). The specific implementation is not limited.

[0154] Additionally, the network side can instruct the first device to use the set of reference signal sequences defined in the embodiments of this application, or to use sequences from the prior art, in order to achieve backward compatibility.

[0155] S502, the first device transmits a reference signal based on the reference signal sequence set. The second device receives the reference signal.

[0156] At least one or more reference signal sequences from the reference signal sequence set can be configured for use by the first device, such as by the network side. For example, the first device can receive second indication information (such as second indication information from an access network device). The second indication information can carry at least one of any possible signaling, such as RRC, MAC-CE, or DCI. The second indication information can be used to indicate a reference signal port number, such as a DMRS port or any other possible reference signal port. For example, the second indication information can carry the reference signal port number to explicitly indicate the reference signal port number, or it can carry information related to the reference signal port number to implicitly indicate the reference signal port number.

[0157] The reference signal port number corresponds to at least one or more reference signal sequences in K groups of reference signal sequences. For example, the reference signal port number and the sequence number / index of the at least one or more reference signal sequences in the K groups of reference signal sequences have a corresponding relationship. This correspondence can be pre-configured or predefined locally on the first device, or it can be dynamically indicated by first indication information or other indication information. Thus, the first device can transmit reference signals according to the first indication information and the at least one or more reference signal sequences. For example, the first device can determine the at least one or more reference signal sequences corresponding to the reference signal port number from the set of reference signal sequences according to the second indication information, and generate one or more corresponding reference signals based on the at least one or more reference signal sequences. For example, the first device can map these at least one or more reference signal sequences to frequency domain resources (optionally time-frequency resources), such as the frequency domain resources of OFDM waveforms, to obtain reference signals, and then transmit the reference signals to the second device. Correspondingly, the second device can receive these reference signals on the frequency domain resources. In this way, the transmitting end (i.e., the first device) can know which reference signal sequence groups it is configured to use, thus avoiding transmission failure due to the use of unconfigured reference signal sequences.

[0158] S503, the second device performs channel estimation or channel measurement based on the set of reference signal sequences corresponding to the reference signal.

[0159] The second device can know in advance that the first device uses at least one or more of the aforementioned reference signal sequences. For example, the network side can indicate the index of this sequence to the second device; the specific implementation is similar to that of the first device and will not be repeated here. Alternatively, it can be predefined in the protocol, and the specific implementation is not limited. Therefore, after receiving the aforementioned reference signals, the second device can use these at least one or more reference signal sequences to determine the noise carried by these reference signals, thereby achieving channel estimation or channel measurement.

[0160] In summary, based on the basis matrices determined by the Steiner ternary system (such as quasi-orthogonal sequences) and the extended matrices that are unitary matrices (such as orthogonal sequences), a set of reference signal sequences with a larger sequence size can be constructed, supporting more reference signal ports and satisfying intra-group orthogonality and inter-group quasi-orthogonality. For example, any two reference signal sequences in the i-th group are orthogonal, and the i-th group is quasi-orthogonal to the reference signal sequences in the j-th group. Furthermore, the flexible sequence structures of the basis and extended matrices allow for a more flexible set of reference signal sequences, making it suitable for future, more flexible communication scenarios.

[0161] Figure 8 is a schematic flowchart of a communication method provided in an embodiment of this application. As shown in Figure 8, this communication method is applicable to the above-mentioned communication system and is executed by the first device / second device. The flow of this method is as follows:

[0162] S801, the first device / second device acquires a set of reference signal sequences.

[0163] S802, the first device / second device transmits a reference signal according to the set of reference signal sequences.

[0164] It is understood that "transmission" in S802 includes sending / receiving, as shown in Figure 5. Therefore, the specific implementation of S801-S802 is similar to the method shown in Figure 5 above, and can be referred to for understanding. It will not be repeated here.

[0165] The communication method provided by the embodiments of this application has been described in detail above with reference to Figures 5-8. The communication apparatus used to perform the communication method provided by the embodiments of this application is described in detail below with reference to Figures 9-10.

[0166] Figure 9 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a communication device provided in an embodiment of this application. As exemplarily shown in Figure 9, the communication device 900 includes a transceiver module 901 and a processing module 902. For ease of explanation, Figure 9 only shows the main components of the communication device.

[0167] The transceiver module 901 is used to perform the transceiver function of the method shown in Figure 5 or Figure 8, and the processing module 902 is used to perform other functions of the method shown in Figure 5 or Figure 8 besides the transceiver function.

[0168] Optionally, the transceiver module 901 may include a transmitting module (not shown in FIG. 9) and a receiving module (not shown in FIG. 9). The transmitting module is used to implement the transmitting function of the communication device 900, and the receiving module is used to implement the receiving function of the communication device 900.

[0169] Optionally, the communication device 900 may further include a storage module (not shown in FIG. 9) that stores programs or instructions. When the processing module 902 executes the program or instructions, the communication device 900 can perform the functions of the terminal and / or network device (such as access and mobility management network element) in the method shown in FIG. 5 or FIG. 8 above.

[0170] It is understood that the communication device 900 may be a terminal or network device, or a chip (system) or other component or assembly that can be set in the terminal or network device, or a device that includes the terminal or network device. This application does not limit it in this respect.

[0171] Furthermore, the technical effects of the communication device 900 can be referred to the technical effects of the method shown in Figure 5 or Figure 8, and will not be repeated here.

[0172] Figure 10 is a second schematic diagram of the structure of the communication device provided in an embodiment of this application. Exemplarily, the communication device can be a terminal, or a chip (system) or other component or assembly that can be disposed in the terminal. As shown in Figure 10, the communication device 1000 may include a processor 1001. Optionally, the communication device 1000 may further include a memory 1002 and / or a transceiver 1003. The processor 1001 is coupled to the memory 1002 and the transceiver 1003, for example, they can be connected via a communication bus.

[0173] The following is a detailed description of each component of the communication device 1000, with reference to Figure 10:

[0174] The processor 1001 is the control center of the communication device 1000. It can be a single processor or a collective term for multiple processing elements. For example, the processor 1001 can be one or more central processing units (CPUs), application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), or one or more integrated circuits configured to implement the embodiments of this application, such as one or more digital signal processors (DSPs), or one or more field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs).

[0175] Optionally, the processor 1001 can perform various functions of the communication device 1000 by running or executing software programs stored in the memory 1002 and calling data stored in the memory 1002, such as performing the methods shown in FIG5 or FIG8 above.

[0176] In a specific implementation, as one example, processor 1001 may include one or more CPUs, such as CPU0 and CPU1 shown in FIG10.

[0177] In a specific implementation, as one embodiment, the communication device 1000 may also include multiple processors, such as processors 1001 and 1004 shown in FIG. 10. Each of these processors may be a single-core processor (single-CPU) or a multi-core processor (multi-CPU). Here, a processor may refer to one or more devices, circuits, and / or processing cores for processing data (e.g., computer program instructions).

[0178] The memory 1002 is used to store the software program that executes the solution of this application, and is controlled by the processor 1001 to execute it. The specific implementation method can be referred to the above method embodiment, and will not be repeated here.

[0179] Optionally, the memory 1002 may be a read-only memory (ROM) or other type of static storage device capable of storing static information and instructions, random access memory (RAM) or other type of dynamic storage device capable of storing information and instructions, or electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM) or other optical disc storage, optical disc storage (including compressed optical discs, laser discs, optical discs, digital universal optical discs, Blu-ray discs, etc.), magnetic disk storage media or other magnetic storage devices, or any other medium capable of carrying or storing desired program code in the form of instructions or data structures and accessible by a computer, but not limited thereto. The memory 1002 may be integrated with the processor 1001 or may exist independently and be coupled to the processor 1001 through the interface circuit of the communication device 1000 (not shown in FIG. 10). This application embodiment does not specifically limit this.

[0180] Transceiver 1003 is used for communication with other communication devices. For example, if communication device 1000 is a terminal, transceiver 1003 can be used to communicate with a network device or with another terminal device. As another example, if communication device 1000 is a network device, transceiver 1003 can be used to communicate with a terminal or with another network device.

[0181] Optionally, transceiver 1003 may include a receiver and a transmitter (not shown separately in Figure 10). The receiver is used to implement the receiving function, and the transmitter is used to implement the transmitting function.

[0182] Optionally, the transceiver 1003 can be integrated with the processor 1001 or exist independently and be coupled to the processor 1001 through the interface circuit of the communication device 1000 (not shown in FIG10). This application embodiment does not specifically limit this.

[0183] It is understood that the structure of the communication device 1000 shown in Figure 10 does not constitute a limitation on the communication device. Actual communication devices may include more or fewer components than shown, or combine certain components, or have different component arrangements.

[0184] Furthermore, the technical effects of the communication device 1000 can be referred to the technical effects of the method described in the above method embodiments, and will not be repeated here.

[0185] It should be understood that the processor in the embodiments of this application can be a central processing unit (CPU), or it can be other general-purpose processors, digital signal processors (DSPs), application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic devices, discrete hardware components, etc. The general-purpose processor can be a microprocessor or any conventional processor.

[0186] It should also be understood that the memory in the embodiments of this application can be volatile memory or non-volatile memory, or may include both volatile and non-volatile memory. The non-volatile memory can be read-only memory (ROM), programmable read-only memory (PROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), or flash memory. The volatile memory can be random access memory (RAM), which is used as an external cache. By way of example, but not limitation, many forms of random access memory (RAM) are available, such as static RAM (SRAM), dynamic RAM (DRAM), synchronous DRAM (SDRAM), double data rate synchronous DRAM (DDR SDRAM), enhanced synchronous DRAM (ESDRAM), synchronous linked DRAM (SLDRAM), and direct rambus RAM (DR RAM).

[0187] The above embodiments can be implemented, in whole or in part, by software, hardware (such as circuits), firmware, or any other combination thereof. When implemented using software, the above embodiments can be implemented, in whole or in part, in the form of a computer program product. The computer program product includes one or more computer instructions or computer programs. When the computer instructions or computer programs are loaded or executed on a computer, all or part of the processes or functions described in the embodiments of this application are generated. The computer can be a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, a computer network, or other programmable device. The computer instructions can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium or transmitted from one computer-readable storage medium to another. For example, the computer instructions can be transmitted from one website, computer, server, or data center to another website, computer, server, or data center via wired (e.g., infrared, wireless, microwave, etc.) means. The computer-readable storage medium can be any available medium that a computer can access or a data storage device such as a server or data center that includes one or more sets of available media. The available medium can be a magnetic medium (e.g., floppy disk, hard disk, magnetic tape), an optical medium (e.g., DVD), or a semiconductor medium. A semiconductor medium can be a solid-state drive.

[0188] It should be understood that the term "and / or" in this article is merely a description of the relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can represent: A existing alone, A and B existing simultaneously, or B existing alone. A and B can be singular or plural. Additionally, the character " / " in this article generally indicates an "or" relationship between the preceding and following related objects, but it can also represent an "and / or" relationship. Please refer to the context for a more accurate understanding.

[0189] In this application, "at least one" means one or more, and "more than one" means two or more. "At least one of the following" or similar expressions refer to any combination of these items, including any combination of single or multiple items. For example, at least one of a, b, or c can mean: a, b, c, ab, ac, bc, or abc, where a, b, and c can be single or multiple.

[0190] It should be understood that in the various embodiments of this application, the order of the above-mentioned processes does not imply the order of execution. The execution order of each process should be determined by its function and internal logic, and should not constitute any limitation on the implementation process of the embodiments of this application.

[0191] Those skilled in the art will recognize that the units and algorithm steps of the various examples described in conjunction with the embodiments disclosed herein can be implemented in electronic hardware, or a combination of computer software and electronic hardware. Whether these functions are implemented in hardware or software depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Those skilled in the art can use different methods to implement the described functions for each specific application, but such implementation should not be considered beyond the scope of this application.

[0192] Those skilled in the art will understand that, for the sake of convenience and brevity, the specific working processes of the systems, devices, and units described above can be referred to the corresponding processes in the foregoing method embodiments, and will not be repeated here.

[0193] In the several embodiments provided in this application, it should be understood that the disclosed systems, apparatuses, and methods can be implemented in other ways. For example, the apparatus embodiments described above are merely illustrative; for instance, the division of units is only a logical functional division, and in actual implementation, there may be other division methods. For example, multiple units or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be ignored or not executed. Furthermore, the coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed may be through some interfaces; the indirect coupling or communication connection between apparatuses or units may be electrical, mechanical, or other forms.

[0194] The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate. The components shown as units may or may not be physical units; that is, they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of the units can be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment according to actual needs.

[0195] In addition, the functional units in the various embodiments of this application can be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit can exist physically separately, or two or more units can be integrated into one unit.

[0196] If the aforementioned functions are implemented as software functional units and sold or used as independent products, they can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of this application, in essence, or the part that contributes to the prior art, or a portion of the technical solution, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions to cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to execute all or part of the steps of the methods described in the various embodiments of this application. The aforementioned storage medium includes various media capable of storing program code, such as USB flash drives, portable hard drives, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), magnetic disks, or optical disks.

[0197] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of this application, but the scope of protection of this application is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in this application should be included within the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, the scope of protection of this application should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A communication method, characterized in that, The method includes: Obtain a set of reference signal sequences; wherein the set of reference signal sequences is obtained through a basis matrix and an extension matrix, the basis matrix is ​​determined according to the Steiner ternary system, the extension matrix is ​​a unitary matrix, and the set of reference signal sequences contains K sets of reference signal sequences, where K is an integer greater than 1; in the K sets of reference signal sequences, any two reference signal sequences in the i-th set are orthogonal, and the i-th set of reference signal sequences is quasi-orthogonal to the reference signal sequences in the j-th set, where i and j are any integers from 1 to K; A reference signal is transmitted based on the set of reference signal sequences.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The Steiner triplet is (2, u, v), and the set of reference signal sequences and the Steiner triplet satisfy the following correspondence: K = v, M = (v-1) / (u-1), L = v(v-1) / u(u-1); M is the number of reference signal sequences contained in each set of reference signal sequences, and L is the sequence length of the reference signal sequence.

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that: The elements of each row of the basis matrix are determined according to the Steiner ternary system.

4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that: The Steiner ternary system is used to determine block B. i Block B i It contains u elements from v, and the elements of each row of the basis matrix are based on the block B. i The positions of the u elements in v are determined.

5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that: Block B i The number of elements is L, and the basis matrix is ​​an L×K dimensional matrix; in the L×K dimensional matrix, the position of the element with a value of 1 in each row is related to the L blocks B1, B2, ..., B L Each block B in i The u elements correspond to the positions in v, and the values ​​of all elements in each row except the element with a value of 1 are 0.

6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that: The L blocks B1, B2, ..., B L It is determined based on subset T, which contains two elements from v, and subset T belongs to only one block B. i .

7. The method according to any one of claims 2-6, characterized in that: The values ​​of v and u are determined by at least one of the following: v = q m u = q, v = q m +q m-1 +…+1, u=q+1,v=q 3 +1, u = q + 1, or v = 2 r+s +2 r -2 s u = 2 r ; Where q = p n p is a prime number, n is a positive integer, and r and s are non-negative integers.

8. The method according to any one of claims 2-7, characterized in that: The quasi-orthogonality between the i-th group of reference signal sequences and the reference signal sequences in the j-th group of reference signal sequences satisfies the condition that the maximum value of the inner product of the reference signal sequences in the i-th group of reference signal sequences and the reference signal sequences in the j-th group of reference signal sequences is less than or equal to a preset threshold.

9. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that: The maximum value of the inner product is P, and P satisfies the following relationship:

10. The method according to any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that: The extended matrix includes at least one of the following: a Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) matrix, a Hadamard matrix, or a matrix composed of cyclic shifts of a ZC sequence.

11. The method according to claim 10, characterized in that: The dimension of the extended matrix is ​​M.

12. The method according to any one of claims 2-11, characterized in that: The possible combinations of K, M, and L are: K = 4, M = 3, L = 6, or K = 9, M = 4, L = 12.

13. The method according to any one of claims 1-12, characterized in that: The reference signal is either a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) or a detection reference signal (SRS).

14. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method further includes: Receive first indication information, wherein the first indication information is used to indicate at least one of the following: K, M, or L, where K is the number of reference signal sequence groups, M is the number of reference signal sequences contained in each group of reference signal sequences, and L is the sequence length of the reference signal sequence.

15. The method according to claim 1 or 14, characterized in that, The method further includes: Receive second indication information, wherein the second indication information is used to indicate a reference signal port number, the reference signal port number corresponding to at least one reference signal sequence in the K groups of reference signal sequences; The step of transmitting a reference signal according to the reference signal sequence set includes: The reference signal is transmitted according to the second instruction information and the at least one reference signal sequence.

16. A communication method, characterized in that, The method includes: Receive reference signal; Channel estimation or channel measurement is performed based on the set of reference signal sequences corresponding to the reference signal. The reference signal sequence set is obtained through a basis matrix and an extension matrix. The basis matrix is ​​determined according to the Steiner ternary system, and the extension matrix is ​​a unitary matrix. The reference signal sequence set contains K sets of reference signal sequences, where K is an integer greater than 1. In the K sets of reference signal sequences, any two reference signal sequences in the i-th set are orthogonal, and the i-th set of reference signal sequences is quasi-orthogonal to the reference signal sequences in the j-th set, where i and j are any integers from 1 to K.

17. The method according to claim 16, characterized in that: The Steiner triplet is (2, u, v), and the set of reference signal sequences and the Steiner triplet satisfy the following correspondence: K = v, M = (v-1) / (u-1), L = v(v-1) / u(u-1); M is the number of reference signal sequences contained in each set of reference signal sequences, and L is the sequence length of the reference signal sequence.

18. The method according to claim 17, characterized in that: The elements of each row of the basis matrix are determined according to the Steiner ternary system.

19. The method according to claim 18, characterized in that: The Steiner ternary system is used to determine block B. i Block B i It contains u elements from v, and the elements of each row of the basis matrix are based on the block B. i The positions of the u elements in v are determined.

20. The method according to claim 19, characterized in that: Block B i The number of elements is L, and the basis matrix is ​​an L×K dimensional matrix; in the L×K dimensional matrix, the position of the element with a value of 1 in each row is related to the L blocks B1, B2, ..., B L Each block B in i The u elements correspond to the positions in v, and the values ​​of all elements in each row except the element with a value of 1 are 0.

21. The method according to claim 20, characterized in that: The L blocks B1, B2, ..., B L It is determined based on subset T, which contains two elements from v, and subset T belongs to only one block B. i .

22. The method according to any one of claims 17-21, characterized in that: The values ​​of v and u are determined by at least one of the following: v = q m u = q, v = q m +q m-1 +…+1, u=q+1,v=q 3 +1, u = q + 1, or v = 2 r+s +2 r -2 s u = 2 r ; Where q = p n p is a prime number, n is a positive integer, and r and s are non-negative integers.

23. The method according to any one of claims 17-22, characterized in that: The quasi-orthogonality between the i-th group of reference signal sequences and the reference signal sequences in the j-th group of reference signal sequences satisfies the condition that the maximum value of the inner product of the reference signal sequences in the i-th group of reference signal sequences and the reference signal sequences in the j-th group of reference signal sequences is less than or equal to a preset threshold.

24. The method according to claim 23, characterized in that: The maximum value of the inner product is P, and P satisfies the following relationship:

25. The method according to any one of claims 16-24, characterized in that: The extended matrix includes at least one of the following: a Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) matrix, a Hadamard matrix, or a matrix composed of cyclic shifts of a ZC sequence.

26. The method according to claim 25, characterized in that: The dimension of the extended matrix is ​​M.

27. The method according to any one of claims 17-26, characterized in that: The possible combinations of K, M, and L are: K = 4, M = 3, L = 6, or K = 9, M = 4, L = 12.

28. The method according to any one of claims 16-27, characterized in that: The reference signal is either a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) or a detection reference signal (SRS).

29. A communication method, characterized in that, The method includes: Obtain a set of reference signal sequences; wherein the set of reference signal sequences contains K sets of reference signal sequences, where K is an integer greater than 1; in the K sets of reference signal sequences, any two reference signal sequences in the i-th set are orthogonal, and the i-th set of reference signal sequences is quasi-orthogonal to the reference signal sequences in the j-th set, where i and j are any integers from 1 to K; in the K sets of reference signal sequences, the number M of reference signal sequences in any set is different from the sequence length L of the reference signal sequences, where M and L are integers greater than 1; The reference signal is transmitted according to the set of reference signal sequences.

30. The method according to claim 29, characterized in that: The set of reference signal sequences is obtained through a basis matrix and an extended matrix. The basis matrix is ​​determined according to the Steiner triad, and the extended matrix is ​​a unitary matrix.

31. The method according to claim 29 or 30, characterized in that: The Steiner triplet is (2, u, v), and the set of reference signal sequences and the Steiner triplet satisfy the following correspondence: K = v, M = (v-1) / (u-1), L = v(v-1) / u(u-1); M is the number of reference signal sequences contained in each set of reference signal sequences, and L is the sequence length of the reference signal sequence.

32. The method according to claim 31, characterized in that: The elements of each row of the basis matrix are determined according to the Steiner ternary system.

33. The method according to claim 32, characterized in that: The Steiner ternary system is used to determine block B. i Block B i It contains u elements from v, and the elements of each row of the basis matrix are based on the block B. i The positions of the u elements in v are determined.

34. The method according to claim 33, characterized in that: Block B i The number of elements is L, and the basis matrix is ​​an L×K dimensional matrix; in the L×K dimensional matrix, the position of the element with a value of 1 in each row is related to the L blocks B1, B2, ..., B L Each block B in i The u elements correspond to the positions in v, and the values ​​of all elements in each row except the element with a value of 1 are 0.

35. The method according to claim 34, characterized in that: The L blocks B1, B2, ..., B L It is determined based on subset T, which contains two elements from v, and subset T belongs to only one block B. i .

36. The method according to any one of claims 31-35, characterized in that: The values ​​of v and u are determined by at least one of the following: v = q m u = q, v = q m +q m-1 +…+1, u=q+1,v=q 3 +1, u = q + 1, or v = 2 r+s +2 r -2 s u = 2 r ; Where q = p n p is a prime number, n is a positive integer, and r and s are non-negative integers.

37. The method according to any one of claims 31-36, characterized in that: The quasi-orthogonality between the i-th group of reference signal sequences and the reference signal sequences in the j-th group of reference signal sequences satisfies the condition that the maximum value of the inner product of the reference signal sequences in the i-th group of reference signal sequences and the reference signal sequences in the j-th group of reference signal sequences is less than or equal to a preset threshold.

38. The method according to claim 37, characterized in that: The maximum value of the inner product is P, and P satisfies the following relationship:

39. The method according to any one of claims 31-38, characterized in that: The extended matrix includes at least one of the following: a Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) matrix, a Hadamard matrix, or a matrix composed of cyclic shifts of a ZC sequence.

40. The method according to claim 39, characterized in that: The dimension of the extended matrix is ​​M.

41. The method according to any one of claims 29-39, characterized in that: The reference signal is either a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) or a detection reference signal (SRS).

42. A communication device, characterized in that, The apparatus includes a module for performing the method as described in any one of claims 1-41.

43. A communication device, characterized in that, The communication device includes a processor and a memory; the memory is used to store computer instructions, which, when executed by the processor, cause the communication device to perform the method as described in any one of claims 1-41.

44. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, The computer-readable storage medium includes a computer program or instructions that, when executed, cause the method as described in any one of claims 1-41 to be performed.

45. A computer program product, characterized in that, Includes a computer program or instructions that, when executed, cause the method as described in any one of claims 1-41 to be performed.

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