Removal tooth and method for removing soil

Abstract

The invention relates to a removal tooth for removing soil, which is designed for a drilling tool or a milling tool, in particular in special civil engineering, comprising a tooth shaft, which is designed to attach the removal tooth, preferably releasably, to a removal tool, and a tooth head, which is arranged on a head side of the tooth shaft and is designed to remove soil material during operation of the removal tool, wherein at least one lateral surface is formed on the tooth shaft and / or the tooth head, along which soil material passes during removal operation. According to the invention, a plurality of depressions are formed on at least one side surface that faces the soil during the removal operation, and a width and a depth of the depressions are designed to receive and deposit soil material in the depressions.

Description

[0001] Removing tooth and method for removing soil

[0002] The invention relates to a removal tooth for removing soil, which is designed for a drilling tool or a milling tool, in particular in specialist foundation engineering or mining, comprising a tooth shank which is designed for attaching the removal tooth to a removal tool, preferably detachably, and a tooth head which is arranged on a head side of the tooth shank and is designed for removing soil material during operation of the removal tool, wherein at least one side surface is formed on the tooth shank and / or the tooth head, along which soil material passes during removal or mixing operation, according to the preamble of claim 1.

[0003] The invention further relates to a method for removing soil using the removal tooth, according to claim 12.

[0004] From EP 1 223 302 B1, a generic removal tooth for soil removal in specialist foundation engineering is known. During soil removal, considerable wear occurs on the removal teeth. This wear affects not only the tooth head with the cutting surface and cutting elements facing in the direction of travel, but also exposed side surfaces that are not directly oriented in the direction of travel. Particularly in soils with a high sand or rock content, significant abrasive wear can occur on the side surfaces. This is especially true if a side surface of the removal tooth projects laterally towards a holder to protect the holder on the base of the removal tool from wear.Thus, increased wear on the side surfaces of the removal tooth, which generally needs to be replaced more frequently, is deliberately accepted in order to extend the service life of the holder or the base body of the removal tool.

[0005] High abrasive wear is always a sign of high friction, which also means increased force and energy expenditure, for example during drilling or milling.

[0006] EP 1 223 302 B1 teaches the use of one or more wear-resistant elements, in particular carbide pins, on a side face of the cutting tooth to prevent excessive abrasive wear on the side faces of the cutting tooth. It also teaches the use of an arrow-shaped projection on a side face of the cutting tooth to improve the passage of soil material when the cutting tool with the integrated cutting tooth is pulled.

[0007] German patent DE 40 02 907 A1 discloses a grinding tooth with a tooth shank that can be inserted into a pocket-shaped receiving recess on a drill bit. The tooth shank is protected from wear, but abrasive wear occurs on the outer walls of the receiving recess on the drill bit. In this known arrangement, the tooth shank contributes little or nothing to the wear protection of the drill bit.

[0008] CA 1 245 855 A describes an excavator tooth in which several wear strips are applied at a distance from each other, allowing soil material to accumulate between them. Additional protruding strips generally increase friction and thus wear.

[0009] The invention is based on the task of providing a removal tooth and a method for removing soil, with which very good wear protection during soil removal is given with a simple design of a removal tooth.

[0010] The problem is solved, firstly, by a removal tooth with the features of claim 1 and, secondly, by a method with the features of claim 12. Preferred embodiments of the invention are specified in the dependent claims. According to the invention, the removal tooth has several indentations on at least one side surface along which soil material passes during removal operations, and the indentations have a width and depth for receiving and depositing soil material.

[0011] A fundamental aspect of the invention is to utilize the soil material being processed to protect the cutting tooth and, consequently, the cutting tool from wear. According to the invention, this is achieved by selectively depositing soil material, particularly cohesive soil material, on at least one side surface of the cutting tooth that is not directly aligned with the cutting direction at the tooth head. For this purpose, targeted indentations, which can be point-like or linear, are formed on the side surface. The width and depth of these indentations are designed to allow soil material to accumulate and become embedded within them.

[0012] According to a finding of the invention, soil material often contains clay or other cohesive components with aggregate, particularly sand, which can accumulate in depressions and adhere or become embedded therein. Aggregate particles embedded in the soil material can thus provide wear protection. Further soil material can adhere to or accumulate on these particles, protruding laterally and thereby providing improved wear protection. In addition, soil material deposited on the side surface, particularly on a side surface facing outwards towards the ground, can create a lubricating effect against the adjacent soil, reducing friction and thus also frictional wear on the cutting tooth and energy losses from friction.This applies both to the actual removal of existing soil and to a so-called mixing operation, in which the removal tooth does not directly remove soil, but is used at a distance from the actual removal point to mix crushed soil material with liquid, such as a support suspension.

[0013] Particularly with discontinuous removal tools, such as augers or drill buckets, the removal tools are repeatedly withdrawn from and reinserted into a removal hole in the ground due to the nature of the process. Soil material dislodged from the depressions can repeatedly accumulate in the depressions, for example when passing through cohesive soil layers, thus ensuring sufficient wear protection over the service life of a removal tooth.

[0014] For the purposes of this invention, the term "soil" encompasses not only topsoil, but also rock, stone, and all other conceivable base materials, as well as mixtures thereof, for example, with differently structured soil layers. Artificial base materials are also included, such as those that may be found in landfills, for example, spoil heaps, construction material landfills, or waste disposal sites.

[0015] The depressions, which can also be referred to as storage spaces within the meaning of the invention, can be formed in any desired manner, for example by the targeted creation of recesses on or in the side surface. The depressions can be formed by indentations in a surface. The depressions can be formed separately from one another or connected by transition zones.

[0016] The width and depth, particularly of a point-specific indentation, can each be a few millimeters, depending on the consistency of the soil material being processed, preferably between 1 mm and 10 mm, with respect to both depth and width. By strategically arranging such indentations, a significant material saving can be achieved in the manufacture of the abrasive tooth. Furthermore, relatively expensive carbide pins or ceramic elements, which would otherwise be required to reduce wear on the side surfaces, can preferably be eliminated or avoided altogether.

[0017] A preferred embodiment of the invention consists in the recesses being arranged in a pattern distributed over at least one side surface. The recesses can also be arranged only in a partial area of ​​the side surface, in particular on a side area projecting from the shank. A defined arrangement pattern allows for targeted wear reduction on the cutting tooth.

[0018] According to a further development of the invention, the indentations are arranged in a regular pattern, in particular a checkerboard pattern or a waffle pattern. The indentations can, in particular, have an equal distance from each other, at least in a specific arrangement direction.

[0019] According to a further embodiment of the invention, it is preferred that at least one depression in the cross-section has an arcuate concave shape, a trapezoidal shape, a rectangular shape, a polygonal shape, a V-shape, or an LI shape. The depression itself can have a point shape in plan view, and in particular a circular shape. Oval, lenticular, or kidney-shaped depressions can also be formed in plan view. Furthermore, the depressions can have a triangular, square, hexagonal, octagonal, or other polygonal shape in plan view. The cross-sectional shape and / or the shape in plan view can be selected, in particular, depending on the expected soil type, with, for example, flatter and arcuate cross-sectional shapes being more suitable the more likely a cohesive soil is to be found.

[0020] According to a further embodiment of the invention, it is advantageous that the indentations are designed as linear indentations, which preferably run parallel to one another. The linear indentations can be, in particular, straight, wavy, or have another shape. The lines are preferably aligned parallel to one another. It is also possible, in principle, to form intersecting lines. The spacing between the parallel lines can be equal or unequal. To form the arrangement pattern of the indentations, corresponding intermediate projections are formed, such as linear or grid-like ridges or other shaped projections, like dome-shaped or pyramid-shaped knobs.

[0021] In principle, it is possible for the at least one side surface to have, in addition to the recesses, one or more carbide elements or wear-resistant elements, for example made of a ceramic material. For simplified manufacturing and a cost-effective design, a further development of the invention prefers that the at least one side surface with the recesses be free of carbide elements or wear-resistant elements. These can be omitted entirely or used to a significantly reduced extent. Simpler and less expensive materials can also be used for the wear-resistant elements.A further advantageous embodiment of the invention consists in the fact that at least one through-hole is formed on the at least one side surface with the recesses, which is designed for the passage of a fastening element, in particular a screw, a clamping sleeve, a fastening bolt or a clamping pin. The recesses can thus also provide a certain degree of protection for the adjacent at least one through-hole, which is particularly suitable for the detachable fastening of the grinding tooth to a grinding tool.

[0022] In principle, the cutting tooth can be attached to the base body of a cutting tool in any suitable manner. Attachment to the base body can be force-fit, form-fit, and / or material-fit. In particular, the attachment can be permanent, for example by welding, or easily detachable, for example by screws, clamping sleeves, fastening bolts, or clamping pins. A tooth shank can also be partially embedded around its entire circumference in the base body of the cutting tool.

[0023] According to a further development of the invention, it is particularly advantageous that the tooth shank is formed with a broad side and a narrow side, wherein the side surface with the recesses is formed on the broad side, and that a positive locking profile for attaching the cutting tooth to the cutting tool is formed on the narrow side. The positive locking profile can, for example, be designed similarly to a tongue and groove profile or dovetail profile, wherein a first positive locking profile element is formed on the narrow side of the tooth shank and a corresponding positive locking profile element is formed on the adjacent contact side of the cutting tool. By preferably axially inserting the tooth shank into a holder provided for this purpose on the cutting tool with the further positive locking profile element, a first positive locking connection, particularly in the lateral direction, can be achieved.By inserting or screwing a suitable fastening element into a through-hole on the tooth shank and also on the cutting tool, axial positioning of the cutting tooth on the cutting tool can be achieved efficiently and reliably in a generally known manner. The side surface with the recesses can project beyond the holder, particularly in a direction perpendicular to the side surface, so that the projecting side surface on the cutting tooth provides a certain degree of wear protection for the recessed holder.The invention further relates to a removal tooth for soil removal, comprising a tooth shank designed for, preferably releasably, attachment of the removal tooth to a removal tool, and a tooth head arranged on a head side of the tooth shank and designed for removing soil material during operation of the removal tool. In particular, at least one side surface may be formed on the tooth shank and / or the tooth head, along which soil material passes during removal operation. According to the invention, more than three wear-resistant cutting elements are arranged on the tooth head in a non-equal pattern. The wear-resistant cutting elements may be polygonal cutting elements with cutting edges or chisel-like pins made of carbide or ceramic.

[0024] These cutting elements are arranged on the tooth head on the removal side, which, during removal operations on a removal tool, are directly exposed to the soil to be removed in the direction of travel.

[0025] One insight of the invention is based on the fact that even with the same contact pressure across the cutting surface, the cutting elements are subject to different levels of wear due to the material removal process. In a rotary-driven cutting tool, such as a drill bit, the cutting elements located at the front in one direction of rotation are subject to greater wear on a cutting tooth than those located further back in the direction of rotation. According to the invention, the cutting elements are therefore not evenly distributed across the cutting surface, and in particular not arranged at uniform intervals, but are preferably concentrated in areas that actually have to perform a higher material removal rate than other areas.

[0026] A further development of the invention offers a particular advantage in that the tooth head has a longitudinal center plane and a transverse center plane, wherein the wear-resistant cutting elements are distributed over the tooth head asymmetrically with respect to the longitudinal and transverse center planes. The typically block- or cuboid-shaped cutting tooth has a longitudinal side and a shorter transverse side. The longitudinal center plane extends midway between the two narrow and transverse sides of the cutting tooth. The cutting surface of the cutting tooth is thus divided into four quadrants by the longitudinal and transverse center planes, with at least one quadrant containing more or fewer cutting elements than at least one other quadrant. This allows for a needs-based arrangement of the cutting elements, independent of the geometric characteristics of the cutting tooth.

[0027] The invention further comprises a soil cultivation tool for processing, in particular for removing, soil material, comprising a tool body, wherein at least one removal tooth according to the invention is arranged on the tool body. Preferably, all removal teeth attached to the tool body are designed according to the invention.

[0028] The soil cultivation tool can be used for virtually any application where soil, which generally also includes rock, needs to be removed. In general, the soil cultivation tool can be used in the construction industry, particularly in specialist foundation engineering, agriculture, forestry, horticulture, and mining.

[0029] In one embodiment of the invention, it is particularly preferred that the soil cultivation tool is designed as a drilling tool or a milling tool. The drilling tool and the milling tool can be used particularly in mining or specialist foundation engineering, for example in earth drilling or pile drilling rigs, for creating foundation elements in the ground, or in diaphragm wall cutters for creating retaining or sealing walls in the ground.

[0030] The invention further comprises a method for removing soil using at least one removal tooth and / or soil cultivation tool according to the invention, as previously described. This method allows for the efficient removal of soil material using the removal tooth or soil cultivation tool according to the invention. The advantages described above can be achieved thereby.

[0031] According to a preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention, soil material is deposited in the depressions of the removal tooth during the removal process. As previously described, this soil material can serve to reduce friction with the adjacent soil and to reduce or protect against wear.

[0032] The invention is further described below with reference to preferred embodiments, which are shown schematically in the drawings. The drawings show:

[0033] Fig. 1 shows a first removal tooth according to the invention in different views;

[0034] Fig. 2 shows a second removal tooth according to the invention in different views;

[0035] Fig. 3 shows a third removal tooth according to the invention in different views;

[0036] Fig. 4 shows a top view of a tooth head of a cutting tooth according to the prior art;

[0037] Fig. 5 shows a top view of a tooth head of a grinding tooth according to the invention; and

[0038] Fig. 6 shows a top view of a tooth head of another removal tooth according to the invention.

[0039] Figures 1a to 1d show a first cutting tooth 10 according to the invention in various views, with Fig. 1a being a bottom view of a tooth shank 14, Fig. 1b a front view, Fig. 1c a side view, and Fig. 1d a perspective view of the cutting tooth 10. The approximately cuboid cutting tooth 10 has a broad side (Fig. 1b) and a narrow side 16 (Fig. 1c) with a tooth head 12 and a preferably tongue-shaped tooth shank 14. The underside of the cutting tooth 10 shown in Fig. 1a can be oriented towards and inserted into a holder (not shown) on a soil cultivation tool. Along the narrow side 16 of the tooth shaft 14, a central groove 20 with approximately a rectangular cross-section can be provided, which, when inserted into an approximately U-shaped holder with a corresponding strip formed thereon, can form a tongue-and-groove connection, as is known from EP 1 223 302 B1.

[0040] On the head side of the removal tooth 10 facing the soil to be removed, wear-resistant elements 26 with cutting edges can be arranged on the tooth head 12. These elements primarily remove the existing soil material during operation. An arrow-shaped projection 24 can be formed on a front side surface 30 of the tooth shank 14, with the arrow pointing towards the lower end of the tooth shank 14. The thickness of the projection 24 can be such that it projects laterally in a defined manner relative to the holder, thus protecting not only the removal tooth 10 but also the holder from wear. Additionally, at least one projecting wear-resistant element 26 can be arranged on the side surface 30 for further wear protection and / or for lateral clearance of the soil cultivation tool.

[0041] Preferably, two recesses or through holes 18, designed as bores, can be formed approximately perpendicular to the broad side of the tooth shank 14 for fastening the tooth shank 14 to the holder by inserting, for example, pins or clamping sleeves. The through holes 18 can extend transversely through the tooth shank 14. As can be clearly seen, in particular, from the side view according to Figure 1b and the perspective view according to Figure 1d, preferably pin-shaped, wear-resistant elements 26 can be arranged on a head end and / or on a side surface of the tooth head 12.

[0042] On a broad side 22, shown in the top view of Figure 1b, which faces away from the tillage implement and towards the soil to be tilled during operation, recesses 40 are preferably formed in a regular pattern on the side surface 30. The side surface 30 can extend to the tooth shank 14 and the tooth head 12. In this embodiment, the recesses 40 are preferably designed as circular blind holes, which can have a diameter and depth of approximately a few millimeters. The depth is smaller than the diameter, preferably by about 50%. The width and depth of the recesses 40 are designed such that soil material can accumulate and become trapped in them.

[0043] Soil material containing aggregate deposited on the side surface 30 can increase wear resistance. Furthermore, soil material deposited on the side surface 30 and directed outwards towards the ground can create a lubricating effect against the adjacent soil, which can reduce friction with the ground and thus also frictional wear on the removal tooth 10 as well as energy losses due to friction.

[0044] A second embodiment of a wear tooth 10 according to the invention is shown in Figures 2a to 2d, which correspond to the views in Figures 1a to 1d. The wear tooth 10 according to Figures 2a to 2d largely corresponds to the wear tooth 10 according to Figure 1 with respect to the structure of the tooth head 12 and tooth shank 14. However, the recesses 40 in the wear tooth 10 according to Figure 2 are polygonal, preferably hexagonal, resulting in an overall honeycomb-like arrangement pattern, as can be clearly seen in Figures 2b and 2d.

[0045] A third embodiment of a cutting tooth 10 according to the invention is shown in Figures 3a to 3d, which correspond to the views shown in Figures 1a to 1d and 2a to 2d, respectively. The tooth head 12 and the tooth shank 14 are basically designed according to the embodiments shown in Figures 1 and 2, so that these cutting teeth 10 can basically be used in the same holder on an earthmoving tool.

[0046] In contrast to the first and second embodiments, the recesses 40 according to Fig. 3 are designed as linear indentations or grooves. In the present embodiment, the linear recesses 40 have a V-shaped cross-section. However, other cross-sectional shapes can also be selected, in particular a U-shaped or a rectangular cross-section.

[0047] The linear indentations 40 according to Fig. 3 are formed in a longitudinal direction of the cutting tooth, i.e., they extend from the tooth shank 14 in a longitudinal direction to the tooth head 12. However, the linear indentations 40 can also extend in a transverse direction at an angle of 90° or any other angle to the longitudinal direction. Linear indentations 40 can also be formed in both the longitudinal and transverse directions, resulting in an intersecting arrangement of the indentations 40. The spacing between the linear indentations can be the same or varying. The length of the linear indentations can be a few centimeters, while the depth is a few millimeters, preferably between 1 mm and 8 mm. The linear indentations 40 can also be oriented longitudinally or transversely to a main direction of movement of a tool or a main working or forward direction during soil cultivation.

[0048] Further embodiments of the invention are explained in connection with Figures 4 to 6, with Figure 4 showing a tooth head 12' of a conventional removal tooth 10' according to the prior art. In this tooth head 12', a total of 5 wear-resistant elements 26' are arranged symmetrically to a longitudinal center plane 51 of the removal tooth 10' on the head side facing the soil to be removed. The longitudinal center plane 51 extends centrally between the opposite narrow sides 16' of the removal tooth 10'.

[0049] In contrast to this known arrangement, according to the wear-resistant elements 26 of the wear-resistant elements 26 of the wear-resistant teeth 10 according to the invention, as shown in Figures 5 and 6, are arranged asymmetrically to the longitudinal center plane 51 and preferably also asymmetrically to a transverse center plane 52, which extends centrally between the two broad sides 22 of the wear-resistant tooth 10. The wear-resistant teeth 10 can otherwise be cuboid in shape, as shown in Figures 1 to 3. In this embodiment of the invention, recesses 40, as shown in Figures 1 to 3, may or may not be provided on a front side surface of the wear-resistant teeth 10.

[0050] The arrangement according to the embodiments of the invention as shown in Figures 5 and 6 is based on the understanding that, due to a specific machining direction in which a cutting tooth 10 is moved relative to the ground, different wear occurs even with the same contact pressure over the head side, and different cutting capacities are also achieved by the individual wear-resistant elements 26. The wear-resistant elements 26 can, in particular, be arranged distributed in the direction of the longitudinal center plane 51 such that the wear-resistant elements 26 overlap as uniformly as possible with respect to the transverse direction, which is perpendicular to the longitudinal center plane 51. This is the working direction of the cutting teeth 10. In Figure 4, the wear-resistant elements 26' are completely in the "shadow" of other wear-resistant elements 26'; this is not the case in Figures 5 and 6.This allows for more uniform wear of the wear-resistant elements 26 across the tooth head 12 compared to a symmetrical arrangement as shown in Fig. 4. Thus, the service life and lifespan of a wear tooth 10 can be increased compared to conventional wear teeth 10', saving material and costs.

Claims

PATENT CLAIMS 1. Removal tooth for removing soil, designed for a drilling tool or a milling tool, particularly in specialist foundation engineering or mining, comprising a tooth shank (14) designed for attaching the removal tooth (10) to a removal tool, preferably detachably, and a tooth head (12) arranged on a head side of the tooth shank (14) and designed for removing soil material during operation of the removal tool, wherein at least one side surface (30) is formed on the tooth shank (14) and / or the tooth head (12), along which soil material passes during removal or mixing operation, characterized in that several depressions (40) are formed on at least one side surface (30), along which soil material passes during removal or mixing operation, and that a width and a depth of the depressions (40) are formed for receiving and depositing soil material in the depressions (40).

2. Abrasive tooth according to claim 1, characterized in that the indentations (40) are arranged in an arrangement pattern distributed over the at least one side surface (30).

3. Abrasive tooth according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the indentations (40) are arranged in a regular pattern, in particular a checkerboard pattern or a waffle pattern.

4. Removal tooth according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that at least one recess (40) in cross-section has an arcuate concave shape, a trapezoidal shape, a rectangular shape, a polygonal shape, a V-shape or an LI-shape.

5. Abrasive tooth according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the indentations are designed as linear indentations (40) which preferably run parallel to each other.

6. Abrasive tooth according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the at least one side surface (30) with the recesses (40) is kept free of hard metal elements or wear-resistant elements (26).

7. Abrasive tooth according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that at least one through hole (18) is formed on the at least one side surface (30) with the recesses (40), which is designed for the passage of a fastening element, in particular a screw, a clamping sleeve, a fastening bolt or a clamping pin.

8. Removal tooth according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the tooth shank (14) is formed with a broad side (22) and a narrow side (16), wherein the side surface (30) is formed with the recesses (40) on the broad side (22), and that a positive locking profile for attaching the removal tooth to the removal tool is formed on the narrow side (16).

9. Abrasive tooth according to the preamble of claim 1 and in particular according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that more than three wear-resistant cutting elements (26) are attached to the tooth head (12) in a non-uniform arrangement pattern.

10. Abrasive tooth according to claim 9, characterized in that the tooth head (12) has a longitudinal center plane (51) and a transverse center plane (52), wherein the wear-resistant cutting elements (13) are arranged asymmetrically to the longitudinal center plane (51) and the transverse center plane (52) distributed over the tooth head (12).

11. Soil cultivation tool for removing soil material, which is designed as a drilling tool or a milling tool, in particular in specialist civil engineering or mining, with a tool body, characterized in that at least one removal tooth (10) according to one of claims 1 to 10 is arranged on the tool body.

12. Method for removing soil using at least one removal tooth (10) according to one of claims 1 to 10 and / or a soil cultivation tool according to claim 11.

13. Method according to claim 12, characterized in that soil material accumulates in the depressions (40) of the removal tooth (10) during the removal operation.

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