Wall element

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of building, and more particularly to building with timber and to the timber industry. What is proposed is a beam having two end faces perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the beam, two mutually opposed faces that lie parallel to the longitudinal axis of the beam and form a plane of a wall once the latter is assembled, and two mutually opposed profiled faces that lie parallel to the longitudinal axis of the beam and contain grooves which run along the length of the beam, wherein the profiled (P) faces have an identical profile comprising straight portions that lie parallel to or along the P faces, two grooves of substantially rectangular cross-section and at least one groove of substantially semicircular cross-section, said profile exhibiting mirror symmetry. The proposed solution makes it possible to significantly simplify the process of erecting walls having a vertical arrangement of beams.

Description

[0001] WALL ELEMENT

[0002] AREA OF TECHNOLOGY

[0003] The proposed solution relates to the field of construction, in particular, timber construction, and the woodworking industry and can be used for the construction of vertical walls and partitions, in particular, the walls of buildings for various purposes.

[0004] LEVEL OF TECHNOLOGY

[0005] There is currently significant interest in construction using wood-based materials. These technologies are considered environmentally friendly and sustainable, allowing for the construction of buildings with a comfortable interior environment and attractive exterior.

[0006] One of the most common technologies is the assembly of a log building from horizontally positioned beams. To increase structural strength and reduce airflow, one or more matching longitudinal tongues (tenons) and grooves are often installed on the top and bottom of the beams. When the beams are laid on top of each other, the tongues fit into the corresponding grooves, ensuring a better seal than with unprofiled beams.

[0007] Less commonly used are solutions in which the beams are located vertically.

[0008] The "Naturi" technology, which involves vertically stacking solid wood wall elements, is well-known. This technology allows for the construction of walls of unlimited thickness, as the elements are joined in two dimensions. One dimension uses a traditional tongue and groove system, while the other uses a highly complex profile, including curved sections and cuts. A dowel recess is also made at each end of the beam. The beams are delivered to the assembly site in sealed packaging, almost completely assembled. After assembly, the wood absorbs moisture from the air, swells, and all the elements are firmly bonded. The advantages of this technology include its environmental friendliness, lack of shrinkage, strength, and minimized heat loss. Disadvantages include sensitivity to the material from which the elements are made.Furthermore, complex, high-precision processing and meticulous drying are required, and the technology is extremely sensitive to packaging and transportation conditions. Experts also note the challenges of designing structures from this material: while the Naturi system is highly flexible and allows for virtually any solution, the slightest design error can render the assembly impossible. Furthermore, solutions proven for other materials may not work in this case, and dismantling a wall with such a complex joint to correct the error may be simply impossible. Constructing such a wall requires specialized skills from assemblers. Furthermore, in addition to the main elements, achieving a finished wall appearance and protecting it from moisture and dirt requires the use of external elements, which also require a complex profile to connect to the main elements. All of this contributes to the high cost and complexity of constructing structures using the Naturi technology.

[0009] Also known as "Twin Beam," the technology involves constructing a wall from two parallel rows of vertically arranged beams made of glued lamellas, separated by an air space of approximately two centimeters between the rows. Each beam has a pair of opposing flat faces that form the inner and outer planes of the wall. Each of the other two faces, opposite each other, has a complex profile, including at least two rectangular grooves for connecting elements and additional fillets.

[0010] When assembling a wall, vertical planks shaped like a double-sided comb or the letter H with an additional vertical leg in the middle are inserted between the beams of two rows. The ends of one side leg are placed in the grooves of the side faces of adjacent beams in the same row, the ends of the second side leg are placed in the grooves of the adjacent side surfaces of adjacent beams in the second row, and an additional middle "leg" is located in the gap between the rows, fixing the distance between them. To ensure such a connection without creating gaps on the outward-facing surfaces of the wall, the beam must have a profile such that its outward-facing side is wider than its inward-facing side; i.e., the beam has a profile that is asymmetrical relative to the axis passing through its center parallel to the plane of the assembled wall.Additionally, flat outer planks are used, running in cavities formed by grooves on the adjacent surfaces of adjacent beams closer to the outer surfaces. Assembling a structure using this technology is somewhat simpler than using the Naturi technology, but is still quite complex. The main wall elements—the beams—as well as the connecting elements have a complex profile, increasing the likelihood of defective products or mismatched configurations of the finished elements. There is also a high risk of assembly errors, necessitating additional training for construction personnel and slowing down the wall construction process. To connect beams within a row, additional horizontal dowels are used, requiring additional holes in each beam. A two-row wall structure with internal cavities raises concerns about condensation within the walls and fire spread within the wall during a fire.

[0011] Thus, while existing construction technologies based on vertical timber beams offer the advantages of timber houses and at least partially address the problems of horizontal timber structures, such as shrinkage and "cold corners," they require complex manufacturing processes and involve the manufacture and use of numerous complex timber elements and additional fasteners during construction. Consequently, such technologies are characterized by high cost and complexity. This, in addition to the inconvenience for each individual user, generally reduces the proportion of people and organizations choosing timber-based construction compared to those choosing other, less environmentally friendly construction technologies due to their apparent simplicity.

[0012] Clearly, there is a need to improve timber construction technologies, particularly vertical timber. It would be desirable to develop timber construction methods and tools that would ensure adequate quality and reliability of structures while being relatively simple and attractive.

[0013] BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0014] The present invention at least partially solves the said problems by using, for the assembly of vertical partitions, in particular the walls of residential and other buildings, a beam having two end faces T1 and T2, perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the beam, two faces H1 and H2 opposite each other, which run parallel to the longitudinal axis of the beam and form its planes in the finished wall, and two profiled faces Ш and П2 opposite each other, running parallel to the longitudinal axis of the beam and containing grooves running along the length of the beam, wherein the faces П1 and П2 have the same profile, containing rectilinear sections running parallel to the faces П or along them, two grooves of essentially rectangular cross-section and at least one groove of essentially semicircular cross-section, wherein the said profile is mirror-symmetrical.

[0015] Functionally, grooves of substantially rectangular cross-section, when aligned with the faces P of two identical beams, form two cavities of substantially rectangular cross-section extending along the longitudinal axis of the beam. Each of these cavities can accommodate a suitably sized dowel that will bridge the outer longitudinal joint or gap between the beams. Grooves of substantially semicircular cross-section, when aligned with the faces P of two identical beams, form one or more cavities of substantially circular cross-section, in which suitably sized insulation can be placed.

[0016] The cross-section of the beam according to the present invention, perpendicular to the longitudinal axis, has two axes of symmetry: the first, running parallel to the outer faces H1 and H2 and between them at an equal distance to each of the said faces, and the second, running parallel to the profiled faces P1 and P2 and between them at an equal distance to each of the faces.

[0017] Creating a beam profile that is mirror-symmetrical about two axes simplifies the beam manufacturing process, as both profiled faces have identical profiles and are produced using the same processing techniques. This further reduces the likelihood of manufacturing errors and, consequently, the defect rate, improving the beam manufacturing process's compliance with sustainable development principles.

[0018] To assemble walls or partitions, beams according to the present invention are used in combination with dowels. Both of these elements have a relatively simple shape, which further optimizes material utilization during their manufacture.

[0019] The symmetrical configuration minimizes the likelihood of errors during painting and assembly of prefabricated kits for wall and building construction. Insulation grooves allow for the insulation to be attached to the timber at the production site and then delivered to the user or construction site. This enables the creation of prefabricated houses.

[0020] The minimal number of simple and symmetrical elements required to construct walls and partitions, coupled with the ability to attach insulation to timber in a factory setting, simplifies and accelerates the wall assembly process. Specifically, the present invention includes the following elements, all consistent with the principle described above:

[0021] 1. A beam for constructing walls and partitions with a vertical arrangement of beams, having two end faces T1 and T2, perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the beam, two faces H1 and H2 opposite each other, which run parallel to the longitudinal axis of the beam and form its planes in the finished wall, and two profiled faces Ш and П2 opposite each other, running parallel to the longitudinal axis of the beam and containing grooves running along the length of the beam, wherein the faces Ш and П2 have the same profile, containing rectilinear sections running parallel to the faces Ш and П2 or lying on them, two grooves of essentially rectangular cross-section and at least two grooves of essentially semicircular cross-section, wherein the said profile is mirror-symmetrical relative to a plane passing through the central longitudinal axis of the beam and perpendicular to the faces Ш and П2, and wherein the rectilinear sections of the profile are adjacent to the faces Н1 and Н2,between said straight sections there are grooves of essentially rectangular cross-section, and between said grooves of essentially rectangular cross-section there are at least two grooves of semicircular cross-section and at least one more linear segment.

[0022] 2. A beam according to I. 1, where in the profiles of faces Ш and П2 the grooves are essentially of rectangular cross-section and the grooves are essentially of semicircular cross-section and are separated by straight sections.

[0023] 3. A beam according to I. 1, where in the profiles of faces Ш and П2, grooves of essentially rectangular cross-section and grooves of essentially semicircular cross-section are connected to form grooves of complex cross-section.

[0024] 3. A beam according to claim 1, in which each of the said grooves of essentially rectangular cross-section forms, together with a groove of essentially semi-circular cross-section, a groove of complex shape, such that the profile of each of the faces Ш and П2 has the following sequentially arranged elements:

[0025] (1) linear segment AiBi extending from the face H1 and forming the outer linear section of the profile;

[0026] (2) a linear segment BiCi extending perpendicular to faces Ш and П2 and parallel to faces Н1 and Н2; a linear segment CiDi extending parallel to faces Ш and П2; a linear segment DiFi extending perpendicular to faces Ш and П2 and parallel to faces Н1 and Н2, but not reaching the corresponding face Ш; wherein the segments BiCi, CiDi and DiFi form a groove of essentially a rectangular cross-section (3) a segment FiGi. formed by a part of a circle defining the cross-section of a segment of essentially a semicircular segment,

[0027] (4) central linear segment G1G2,

[0028] (5) segment G2F2, mirror-symmetrical to segment F1G1;

[0029] (6) linear segments F2D2, D2C2 and C2B2, mirror-symmetrical to segments D1F1, C1D1 and BiCi, respectively;

[0030] (7) linear segment B2A2, mirror-symmetrical to segment A1B1 and extending to face H2, where Ax and Ag correspond to the transitions between faces H1 and H2, respectively, and the adjacent linear segments of the profile of the profiled face Ш, and Bi, Ci, Di, Fi, Gi, G2, F2, Вг, Сг, Вг correspond to the transitions between individual segments of the profile of the profiled face.

[0031] Accordingly, the BiCi segment forms one wall of a groove of substantially rectangular shape, the C1D1 segment forms the bottom of a groove of substantially rectangular shape, and the linear segment D1F1 forms the second wall of a groove of substantially rectangular shape.

[0032] 4. A beam according to any of paragraphs 1-3, where the profile of each of the faces Ш and П2 is characterized by the fact that two linear sections of the profile adjacent to faces Н1 and Н2 lie on one straight line, which is parallel to the straight line drawn through the linear section of this face located in the center of the profile, but does not coincide with it, and the straight line on which the two linear sections of the profile adjacent to faces Н1 and Н2 lie is closer to the plane passing through the central longitudinal axes of faces Н1 and Н2.

[0033] 5. A beam according to any of paragraphs 1-3, each of the profiled faces Ш and П2 of which contains an additional groove of a semicircular cross-section, located in the center of the said face.

[0034] 6. A beam according to any one of paragraphs 1-5, in which one of the end faces T1 or T2 additionally contains a groove for a guide key, where said groove has a substantially rectangular cross-section and extends from face Ш to face П2 in the middle of said end face.

[0035] 7. A beam according to item 3, having the following characteristics:

[0036] Length of edges H: H1 and H2 266 mm Length of edges P: W and P2 166 mm

[0037] The length of segments A1B1 and Bg Ag is 16 mm.

[0038] Length of BiCi and Cg Bg segments is 19 mm

[0039] Radius of segments F1G1 and G2F2

[0040] The total width of each groove of complex shape is 42 mm along the edge P

[0041] Length of segment G1G2 50 mm

[0042] The distance between the line on which the segment G1G2 lies is 2 mm, and the line on which the segments A1B1 and B1 A1 lie

[0043] The cross-sectional size of the cavity formed by 42 mm * 20 mm grooves of essentially rectangular cross-section when the profiled edges of two beams are aligned

[0044] The diameter of the cross-section of the cavity formed by 20 mm grooves of essentially semi-circular cross-section when combining the profiled edges of two beams

[0045] Rounding transitions between + segments

[0046] 8. A beam according to any of paragraphs 1-7, characterized in that at least part of the transitions between the beam faces and the profile segments, as well as the transitions between adjacent profile segments, are made rounded.

[0047] 9. A timber according to any of items 1-8, which is a glued timber, with the grooves on the profiled edges being made by milling.

[0048] 10. A kit for erecting walls and partitions, comprising at least two identical beams according to any of paragraphs 1-10 and dowels having a length coinciding with the length of the beam and a cross-section perpendicular to the longitudinal axis, allowing the dowels to be placed in cavities formed by grooves of a substantially rectangular cross-section when the profiled faces of two beams are aligned with each other. 11. A kit according to paragraph 10, where each of the dowels has two opposite faces provided with a seal running along the entire length of the face and placed on its central longitudinal axis, where said faces with the seal are faces that in the finished wall run perpendicular to the planes of the wall and the faces H1 and H2 of the beams.

[0049] 12. The kit according to item 11, where the seal is secured to the edge of the key by embedding it in a groove running along the central longitudinal axis of this edge along its entire length.

[0050] 13. A set according to item 11, including additional elements selected from the following: corner elements, extension elements, base dowels, insulation.

[0051] 14. A method for constructing walls or partitions with vertically arranged beams, in which the beams according to any of paragraphs 1-9 are successively installed vertically on a base, placing in cavities formed by grooves of substantially rectangular cross-section facing each other profiled edges of adjacent beams dowels corresponding in size to the said cavities; the vertically installed beams are pulled together with self-tapping screws; the beams are secured to the base with self-tapping screws screwed in at an angle.

[0052] 15. The method according to paragraph 14, in which the beams according to paragraph 5 are used and the beams are installed on the base by aligning the grooves on the lower end face of each beam with the base key.

[0053] 16. The method according to paragraph 14, further including, before placing the beams on the foundation, performing waterproofing and / or insulation of the foundation.

[0054] 17. The use of two or more beams according to any of paragraphs 1-9 for the construction of walls and partitions with vertical placement of beams.

[0055] 18. A wall made from vertically placed beams according to any of paragraphs 1 to 9, wherein in the cavities formed by grooves of substantially rectangular cross-section in the combined profiled edges of adjacent beams, dowels are located, corresponding to the said cavities in shape and size, and the dowels run along the length of each cavity, covering the gaps between the said adjacent beams.

[0056] 19. The wall according to item 18, additionally containing insulating elements of circular cross-section, placed in cavities formed by grooves of essentially semi-circular cross-section in the combined profiled edges of adjacent beams.

[0057] 20. A method for manufacturing construction timber, including milling a blank in the form of a rectangular parallelepiped to obtain timber according to paragraph 1.

[0058] A description of the implementation details of these solutions and additional implementation options is provided below.

[0059] GRAPHIC MATERIALS

[0060] All information contained in the graphics submitted with the application is part of the invention description. Accordingly, any features indicated in the figures may be included in the claims.

[0061] Fig. 1 shows one preferred embodiment of a cross-section of a beam according to the present invention, with element dimensions indicated in millimeters. For convenience, the dimensions are shown on one profile, and important points are indicated on another, mirror-symmetrical profile.

[0062] Fig. 2 shows a fragment of a section of a wall assembled from beams with a cross-section similar to that shown in Fig. E. The dowels (1), each with a seal (3) on two faces, and the sealing strands (2) of a circular cross-section, are visible, located in the cavities formed by the grooves of the profiled faces of the beam. The elements that tighten the beams together are not shown.

[0063] DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0064] The definitions and embodiments discussed in this description represent possible embodiments and may be included in the claims as features and objects individually or in any combination. All features described in connection with one of the objects of the invention may equally be attributed to any other object of the invention.

[0065] All size ranges specified in the description represent a shorthand for listing all numerical values ​​within these ranges and include any individual values, combinations of values, and subranges as variations. Accordingly, for example, the notation "from 1 to 10 in increments of 1" in the context of this document should be interpreted as a shorthand for listing the values ​​1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, and any ranges delimited by these numbers.

[0066] All statements made in the description of the invention are accepted to the extent that they do not contradict general knowledge.

[0067] The beam according to the present invention has the general shape of a rectangular parallelepiped. Considering that two faces of the beam have profiles, the shape of a rectangular parallelepiped means that the planes passing through the most protruding points of each face form a rectangular parallelepiped. Accordingly, when it is stated in this text that any element extends parallel or perpendicular to a face, it is meant to extend parallel to the plane in which this face lies, for faces H, and parallel to the plane in which the most protruding linear section of the profile lies, for faces P. The same is true for a flat section of the beam in a direction perpendicular to its longitudinal axis. Unless otherwise specified, when a distance or dimension is indicated as measured from face W or P2, it is meant to refer to the dimension or distance, respectively, from the plane passing through the most external rectilinear section of this face.If we are talking about a section, then when indicating a distance or size as measured from the Ш or П2 edge, we mean the size or distance, respectively, from the straight line passing through the outermost straight section of the section.

[0068] The timber can be of any size suitable for constructing or assembling walls and partitions. Since the timber's primary purpose in this invention is to assemble walls, it will most often have dimensions typical of materials used in this field.

[0069] Specifically, the length of a beam, or its largest dimension, can be any value permitted by the properties of the material from which it is made, but in practice, it will most often correspond to the height of the room for which the beam is intended. Specifically, in practice, the length of a beam can be any value from 2000 mm to 6000 mm in one-millimeter increments, and in one preferred version, it is 2950 mm.

[0070] The remaining dimensions of the timber, i.e. the width of each of the faces H1, H2, P1 and P2 in the direction perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the timber, may have any suitable value, for example, any value from 50 mm to 600 mm in increments of one mm, or from 100 mm to 300 mm in increments of 1 mm. In one preferred embodiment, the timber dimension along faces P (P1 and P2) is 166 mm, and the dimension along faces H (H1 and H2) is 266 millimeters.

[0071] The timber can be made of any suitable material, particularly wood-based materials. In one preferred embodiment, the timber is glued laminated timber.

[0072] The timber can also be processed in any suitable manner, including painted in any color or treated with moisture, fire, or bioprotective agents. The H1 and H2 edges of the timber do not necessarily have to be perfectly flat. Optionally, they can also be provided with a profile or a three-dimensional pattern, for example, to provide additional visual effects.

[0073] The size and quantity of grooves, as well as linear sections made on the profiled edges of the timber, are selected based on the dimensions of the timber itself, as well as additional elements used to assemble the wall, in particular, dowels and insulation strands.

[0074] In particular, the width of the grooves, which have a substantially rectangular cross-section and are intended to accommodate the dowels, measured in a direction parallel to the profiled edge, can have any suitable value, for example, ranging from 5 mm to 50 mm in 1 mm increments. In one embodiment, the groove width for the dowel is 20 mm.

[0075] The depth of the grooves, having a substantially rectangular cross-section, intended to accommodate the dowels, measured in a direction parallel to the edges H, may have any suitable value, for example, in the range from 10 mm to 60 mm in 1 mm increments. In one preferred embodiment, the depth of the grooves, having a substantially rectangular cross-section, may be 21 mm and, accordingly, when aligned, the grooves, having a substantially rectangular cross-section, form a generally rectangular cavity with a dimension in the direction parallel to the edges H of the beam of 42 cm.

[0076] In the context of the present invention, a "substantially" rectangular cross-section refers to a shape that can be unambiguously completed to a rectangle. Specifically, such a shape may be defined by three rectangular sides or two rectangular sides and part of a third side.

[0077] The grooves, which have a substantially semicircular cross-section, may have any size permitted by the dimensions of the beam and other grooves. Specifically, the radius of each groove, which has a substantially semicircular cross-section, may range from 10 to 40 mm in 1 mm increments. In one embodiment, the radius of each groove, which has a substantially semicircular cross-section, may be 20 mm. The diameter is measured from the corresponding face P in which the groove is formed.

[0078] In this application, "substantially semicircular cross-section" refers to a shape defined by a sector of a circle or an arc of a circle. Such a shape may not form a complete semicircle, but may form any segment of a circle, provided its radius is readily determinable. In particular, in the context of this document, "having a substantially semicircular cross-section" includes grooves of a semicircular cross-section and groove components of complex cross-sections, the cross-section of which is shaped like a segment of a circle, for example, an angular segment of 90° to 180°.

[0079] The linear segments of the profiled beam faces can also have any dimensions permitted by the beam and groove dimensions. When selecting their dimensions, the specialist will also be guided by strength considerations. It is clear that if the linear segments are too small, the beam profile will form thin walls, which may be undesirable from a strength standpoint. It is also clear that the number and size of the grooves, which are essentially semicircular in cross-section, should not be excessively large for the same reasons. Accordingly, in a typical embodiment, the profile of each of the faces P1 and P2 will contain 1, 2, or 3 grooves, each essentially semicircular in cross-section, defined by a circle with a radius of 5 to 30 mm in 1 mm increments, preferably 10 to 20 mm in 1 mm increments.

[0080] In particular, each of the linear segments of face P1 or P2 adjacent to faces H1 and H2 may have a length of 5 to 50 mm in 1 mm increments, or 10 to 20 mm in 1 mm increments, and in one preferred embodiment is 16 mm.

[0081] Linear segments located closer to the axis of symmetry of the profile of each of the faces Ш or П2 can have dimensions of length from 5 to 80 mm with a step of 1 mm, or from 30 to 60 mm with a step of 1 mm.

[0082] In one preferred embodiment, the width of each of the profiled faces Ш and П2 is 166 mm, and its profile contains three linear sections, two of which are 16 mm long, one of which is 50 mm long, and the rest is grooves.

[0083] In one preferred embodiment, the beam has a profile as shown in Fig. 1. It can be seen that the transitions between segments are rounded. Rounding may be applied to the edges of any segments of the beam's profiled faces, i.e., at the junctions of adjacent segments, as well as at the junctions of the outer segments with faces H1 and H2. Rounding may have any radius, for example, from 0.1 mm to 1 mm in 0.1 mm increments, or from 1 mm to 10 mm in 1 mm increments.

[0084] In this regard, it should be noted that in the case of the presence of fillets, unless otherwise specified, in the context of this document, the dimensions of timber elements such as edges, sections and profile segments are measured not from the points of origin of the fillets, but from the points of intersection of imaginary lines that continue the corresponding elements.

[0085] In this version, the beam cross-section elements have the dimensions presented in Table 1

[0086] Table 1. Characteristics of one of the preferred variants of the beam cross-section according to the present invention. Values ​​are given in accordance with Fig. 1 and Fig. 2. In case of discrepancies in data, the information presented in the graphic materials shall take precedence.

[0087] From Fig. 1 and Table 1, it is evident that the linear sections of the profiled faces adjacent to faces H1 and H2 (the "outer" segments) lie on a line parallel to, but not coinciding with, the central linear segment. The distance between the line on which the outer linear segments lie and the line on which the central segment lies can range from 0.5 mm to 1 mm in 0.1 mm increments, or from 1 mm to 4 mm. This implementation ensures a consistent and attractive appearance of the finished wall throughout its service life.

[0088] Before assembling a wall or partition from beams according to the present invention, insulation in the form of a circular strand running along the length of the groove can be secured in at least one groove having a substantially semicircular cross-section on one of the profiled edges of the beam. Accordingly, a kit according to the present invention can include beams containing insulation secured in grooves of substantially semicircular cross-section.

[0089] A specialist can easily select a material suitable for use in this invention. Specifically, Vilaterm or Izokom insulation materials, such as Vilaterm 20 / 8 and Izokom 20 / 8, can be used.

[0090] In the assembly of a wall from beams according to the present invention, dowels are used, which are elements in the form of a rectangular parallelepiped, the length of which is substantially equal to the length of the beam, and the remaining dimensions are selected such as to ensure the possibility of placing the dowels in the cavities formed when joining the profiled edges of two identical beams with each other. Accordingly, the length of the dowel can have any value specified above for the length of the beam, one of the dimensions of the cross-section of the dowel can correspond to the value specified for the width of the groove having a substantially rectangular cross-section in the profile of the profiled edge of the beam, or be slightly smaller, and the second dimension of the cross-section of the dowel can be equal to the depth of the groove having a substantially rectangular cross-section, measured in the direction parallel to the edges H, multiplied by 2, or be slightly smaller than this value. In one of the preferred embodiments, the dowels have a size of 18 mm * 34 mm * 2950 mm.The keyway size can also be slightly smaller than the cavity size to ensure a smooth connection. For example, the keyway can be 1-3, or even 2 mm, smaller than the cavity size for one or two cross-sectional dimensions.

[0091] In one preferred embodiment, the grooves, which have a substantially rectangular cross-section, made on the profiled edges of the beam, have such dimensions that when the profiled edges of two beams are combined with each other, they form a cavity with a cross-sectional size of 20 mm * 42 mm, which makes it possible to conveniently place in it a key measuring 18 mm * 34 mm with seals on narrow edges.

[0092] Wall tongue and grooves can contain an expansion joint on each of their opposite faces, which run perpendicular to the wall plane in the assembled wall. In this case, the expansion joint can be glued to the tongue and groove along the centerline of the corresponding face or embedded in a groove running along the centerline of the face. The groove for the expansion joint can be of any suitable size. For example, for a tongue and groove measuring 18 x 34 cm, a groove 2 mm wide and 7 mm deep can be used.

[0093] A specialist will be able to select an available sealant suitable for use in this invention based on specific applications and capabilities. As an example, a TPE seal of a suitable size can be used. One example of a suitable seal is the OD-04-08 E d8.

[0094] A kit according to the present invention may comprise the beams and dowels described above, wherein the number of dowels in the kit may be no less than the number of beams multiplied by 2, taking into account the need for connecting with additional elements, such as a corner piece. For example, the number of dowels in a kit for assembling a wall may be (n + 1) * 2, where n is the number of beams in the kit.

[0095] Additional elements, such as corner pieces, can also be used to assemble a beam wall according to the present invention. These additional elements can have a length equal to the beam's length and a profiled longitudinal edge with a profile identical to that of the beam's profiled edges.

[0096] Foundation dowels can also be used during wall assembly. Accordingly, they can also be included in the kit according to the invention.

[0097] The base tongue and groove may be shaped as a rectangular parallelepiped with a rectangular cross-section, the size of which corresponds to the size of the groove in the end face of the beams. The length of the base tongue and groove is selected based on the desired wall length. The other two dimensions—the width and height, measured horizontally and vertically, respectively, when the tongue and groove is located on a horizontal base—correspond to the dimensions of the grooves in the end faces of the beams. By way of example, the width of the base tongue and groove may range from 40 to 100 mm in 1 mm increments. In one preferred embodiment, the width of the base tongue and groove is 60 mm. By way of example, the width of the base tongue and groove may range from 20 to 500 mm in 1 mm increments. In one preferred embodiment, the height of the base tongue and groove is 34 mm.

[0098] When assembling a wall, the foundation tongue and groove is secured to the foundation, such as a foundation beam. Then, the beams are installed sequentially, aligning the grooves in one of the beam's end faces with the installation tongue and groove. Once installed on the foundation tongue and groove, each beam is pulled together with the previously installed elements and secured to the foundation. Any suitable tools and equipment can be used for this, such as appropriately sized structural screws with a press washer, which may also be included in the wall assembly kit.

[0099] The wall assembly process according to the present invention may also include additional operations performed before and after installing the beams on the foundation and joining them into the wall. Such operations may include constructing the foundation, placing and leveling the foundation beams, insulating and waterproofing, installing the wall plate, etc.

[0100] IMPLEMENTATION EXAMPLE

[0101] Below is an example of how the author implemented the invention. For brevity, details understandable to a skilled person have been omitted. All information provided in this section reflects specific embodiments of the invention and, accordingly, may be included in the claims.

[0102] The following regulatory documentation was used when creating the pavilion project:

[0103] To construct the pavilion, wall elements (beams) with round-section insulation glued into the semicircular grooves of one of the profiled edges were used.

[0104] The following tools were used for assembly:

[0105] 1) Impact wrench (at least 500 I);

[0106] 2) Impact wrench head T - 40 g,

[0107] 3) Reciprocating saw with a 300 mm blade for wood;

[0108] 4) Sealant gun;

[0109] 5) Screwdriver;

[0110] 6) Circular saw with a cutting depth of at least 45 mm;

[0111] 7) Drill D - 32 mm, length 460 mm; 8) Drill D - 30 mm

[0112] 9) Stapler with staples;

[0113] 10) Forstner drill D - 35mm for plugs;

[0114] 11) Forstner drill D -15mm for plugs;

[0115] 12) Forstner drill D-68MM;

[0116] 13) Level;

[0117] 14) Construction knife;

[0118] 15) Corner, pencil.

[0119] 16) Templates for assembly

[0120] 17) Hammer;

[0121] 18) Sledgehammer;

[0122] 19) Wood saw;

[0123] 20) Angle grinder;

[0124] 21) Level;

[0125] 22) Level;

[0126] 23) Roulette.

[0127] Before installing the pavilion, the foundation was waterproofed. The foundation beams were placed on the leveled surface, supported by the waterproofing layer. The foundation beams were secured end-to-end. The foundation beams were secured internally with temporary 100x100mm mounting brackets. The diagonals were checked and aligned. Afterward, the foundation beams were aligned horizontally, the beam corners were tightened with 6x90mm plumbing screws, and the screw holes were sealed with 35mm diameter plugs (Fig. 1).

[0128] Using templates, we placed dowels precisely centered on the foundation beams. Waterproofing tape was applied to the joint between the dowel and the foundation beam on the street side. AVATERM insulation was stapled onto the dowel.

[0129] The initial vertical corner member was positioned, checking its verticality. The initial corner member was fastened diagonally to the base beams on both sides with 8x360mm structural screws. Vertical dowels were placed in the corresponding grooves of the corner member. The dowels were then clamped with a wall row member, the verticality was checked, and the row member was tightened to the corner member with 8x360mm structural screws with a press washer in 1-meter increments. The wall member was tightened to the corner member with screws with a press washer, starting from the middle and then upward and downward. The wall row member was fastened diagonally to the base beam with 8x360mm structural screws using an impact wrench. The wall was then assembled in a similar manner. Window or door openings were formed using end wall members. The end element has grooves for insulation and dowels on one side only.

[0130] The channels for the electrical wiring were drilled immediately during the installation of the wall elements.

[0131] The assembly of the pavilion frame was completed with the installation of dowels and wall plate beams, after which the floor and roof were installed.

[0132] Several years of operation of the constructed pavilion have shown that it fully meets all the requirements for structures of this type in terms of durability and maintaining a comfortable indoor environment, while also maintaining an attractive appearance.

Claims

CLAUSES OF THE INVENTION 1. A beam for constructing walls and partitions with a vertical arrangement of beams, having two end faces T1 and T2, perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the beam, two faces H1 and H2 opposite each other, which run parallel to the longitudinal axis of the beam and form its planes in the finished wall, and two profiled faces Ш and П2 opposite each other, running parallel to the longitudinal axis of the beam and containing grooves running along the length of the beam, wherein the faces Ш and П2 have the same profile, containing rectilinear sections running parallel to the faces Ш and П2 or lying on them, two grooves of essentially rectangular cross-section and at least two grooves of essentially semicircular cross-section, wherein the said profile is mirror-symmetrical with respect to a plane passing through the central longitudinal axis of the beam and perpendicular to the faces Ш and П2, and wherein the rectilinear sections of the profile are adjacent to the faces Н1 and Н2,between said straight sections there are grooves of essentially rectangular cross-section, and between said grooves of essentially rectangular cross-section there are at least two grooves of semicircular cross-section and at least one more linear segment.

2. A beam according to I. 1, where in the profiles of faces Ш and П2 the grooves are essentially of rectangular cross-section and the grooves are essentially of semicircular cross-section and are separated by straight sections.

3. A beam according to item 1, where in the profiles of faces Ш and П2, grooves of essentially rectangular cross-section and grooves of essentially semicircular cross-section are connected to form grooves of complex cross-section.

3. A beam according to claim 1, in which each of the said grooves of essentially rectangular cross-section forms, together with a groove of essentially semi-circular cross-section, a groove of complex shape, such that the profile of each of the faces Ш and П2 has the following sequentially arranged elements: (1) linear segment AiBi extending from the face H1 and forming the outer linear section of the profile; (2) a linear segment BiCi running perpendicular to faces Ш and П2 and parallel to faces Н1 and Н2; a linear segment CiDi running parallel to faces Ш and П2; a linear segment DiFi running perpendicular to faces Ш and П2 and parallel to faces Н1 and Н2, but not reaching the corresponding face Ш; wherein the segments BiCi, CiDi and DiFi form a groove of essentially rectangular cross-section (3) segment FiGi., formed by a portion of a circle defining the cross-section of a segment of essentially a semicircular segment, (4) central linear segment G1G2, (5) segment G2F2, mirror-symmetrical to segment F1G1; (6) linear segments F2D2, D2C2 and C2B2, mirror-symmetrical to segments D1F1, C1D1 and BiCi, respectively; (7) linear segment B2A2, mirror-symmetrical to segment A1B1 and extending to face H2, where Ax and Ag correspond to the transitions between faces H1 and H2, respectively, and the adjacent linear segments of the profile of the profiled face Ш, and Bi, Ci, Di, Fi, Gi, G2, F2, Og, Cr, Bg correspond to the transitions between individual segments of the profile of the profiled face.

4. A beam according to any of paragraphs 1-3, where the profile of each of the faces Ш and П2 is characterized by the fact that two linear sections of the profile adjacent to faces Н1 and Н2 lie on one straight line, which is parallel to the straight line drawn through the linear section of this face located in the center of the profile, but does not coincide with it, and the straight line on which the two linear sections of the profile adjacent to faces Н1 and Н2 lie is closer to the plane passing through the central longitudinal axes of faces Н1 and Н2.

5. A beam according to any of paragraphs 1-3, each of the profiled faces Ш and П2 of which contains an additional groove of a semicircular cross-section, located in the center of the said face.

6. A beam according to any one of paragraphs 1-5, in which one of the end faces T1 or T2 additionally contains a groove for a guide key, where said groove has a substantially rectangular cross-section and extends from face Ш to face П2 in the middle of said end face.

7. A beam according to item 3, having the following characteristics: Length of edges H: H1 and H2 266 mm Length of edges P: W and P2 166 mm The length of segments A1B1 and Bg Ag is 16 mm. Length of BiCi and Cg Bg segments is 19 mm Radius of segments F1G1 and G2F2 The total width of each groove of complex shape is 42 mm along the edge P Length of segment G1G2 50 mm The distance between the line on which the segment G1G2 lies is 2 mm, and the line on which the segments A1B1 and B2Ag lie The cross-sectional size of the cavity formed by 42 mm * 20 mm grooves of essentially rectangular cross-section when combining the profiled edges of two beams The diameter of the cross-section of the cavity formed by 20 mm grooves of essentially semi-circular cross-section when combining the profiled edges of two beams Rounding transitions between + segments 8. A beam according to any of paragraphs 1-7, characterized in that at least part of the transitions between the beam faces and the profile segments, as well as the transitions between adjacent profile segments, are made rounded.

9. A timber according to any of items 1-8, which is a glued timber, with the grooves on the profiled edges being made by milling.

10. A kit for constructing walls and partitions, comprising at least two identical beams according to any of paragraphs 1-10 and dowels having a length that coincides with the length of the beam and a cross-section perpendicular to the longitudinal axis, allowing the dowels to be placed in cavities formed by grooves of a substantially rectangular cross-section when the profiled edges of two beams are aligned with each other.

11. Set according to item 10, where each of the keys has two opposite faces, provided with a groove running along the entire length of the face and located on its central longitudinal axes with a seal, where the specified faces with a seal represent the faces that in the finished wall run perpendicular to the planes of the wall and the faces H1 and H2 of the beams.

12. The kit according to item 11, where the seal is secured to the edge of the key by embedding it in a groove running along the central longitudinal axis of this edge along its entire length.

13. A set according to item 11, including additional elements selected from the following: corner elements, extension elements, base dowels, insulation.

14. A method for constructing walls or partitions with vertically arranged beams, in which the beams according to any of paragraphs 1-9 are successively installed vertically on a base, placing in cavities formed by grooves of substantially rectangular cross-section facing each other profiled edges of adjacent beams dowels corresponding in size to the said cavities; the vertically installed beams are pulled together with self-tapping screws; the beams are secured to the base with self-tapping screws screwed in at an angle.

15. The method according to paragraph 14, in which the beams according to paragraph 5 are used and the beams are installed on the base by aligning the grooves on the lower end face of each beam with the base key.

16. The method according to paragraph 14, further including, before placing the beams on the foundation, performing waterproofing and / or insulation of the foundation.

17. The use of two or more beams according to any of paragraphs 1-9 for the construction of walls and partitions with vertical placement of beams.

18. A wall made from vertically placed beams according to any of paragraphs 1 to 9, wherein in the cavities formed by grooves of substantially rectangular cross-section in the combined profiled edges of adjacent beams, dowels are located, corresponding to the said cavities in shape and size, and the dowels run along the length of each cavity, covering the gaps between the said adjacent beams.

19. The wall according to item 18, additionally containing insulating elements of circular cross-section, placed in cavities formed by grooves of essentially semi-circular cross-section in the combined profiled edges of adjacent beams.

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