DMRS sequence shift for uplink transmission
By determining DMRS sequences based on OCC indices and offsets, the solution addresses resource spreading and maintains orthogonality, improving communication reliability in non-terrestrial networks with discontinuous coverage.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2024/092107
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-05-09
- Publication Date
- 2025-11-13
AI Technical Summary
The challenge in non-terrestrial networks is efficiently transmitting DMRS sequences with orthogonal cover codes (OCC) for NPUSCH without causing resource spreading and maintaining orthogonality, especially in scenarios with discontinuous coverage and multiple UEs.
The proposed solution involves determining DMRS sequences based on an OCC index or offset, using a modified calculation for initial values and sequence-shift patterns to ensure orthogonality, allowing DMRS sequences to be aligned across UEs without time spreading, even in scenarios with group hopping.
This approach maintains orthogonality and resource efficiency by aligning DMRS sequences across UEs, enhancing communication reliability in non-terrestrial networks with OCC, particularly in scenarios with discontinuous coverage.
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Figure CN2024092107_13112025_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
DMRS SEQUENCE SHIFT FOR UPLINK TRANSMISSION
[0001] FIELDS
[0002] Various example embodiments of the present disclosure generally relate to the field of telecommunication and in particular, to methods, devices, apparatuses and computer readable storage medium for Demodulation Reference Signal (DMRS) sequence shift for Narrowband Physical Uplink Shared Channel (NPUSCH) with Orthogonal Cover Code (OCC) .BACKGROUND
[0003] A non-terrestrial network (NTN) refers to a network or segment of networks using radio frequency (RF) resources on board a satellite or unmanned aircraft system (UAS) platform. IoT NTN, short for Internet of Things via Non-Terrestrial Networks, refers to the integration of IoT technologies with non-terrestrial communication systems to extend IoT connectivity beyond the limits of traditional terrestrial infrastructure. This fusion leverages satellites, high-altitude platforms, and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) to provide global coverage, reach remote and inaccessible areas, and support various IoT applications that demand reliability, extensive geographical reach, or operation in challenging environments.SUMMARY
[0004] In a first aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a first apparatus. The first apparatus comprises at least one processor; and at least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the first apparatus at least to: determine a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) sequence to be used in an uplink transmission at least based on a first offset, the first offset comprising at least one of:an orthogonal cover code (OCC) index for the uplink transmission, or an OCC offset indicating an offset of the DMRS sequence; and transmit, to a second apparatus, the uplink transmission and the DMRS sequence.
[0005] In a second aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a second apparatus. The second apparatus comprises at least one processor; and at least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the second apparatus at least to: determine a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) sequence to be used in an uplink transmission at least based on a first offset, the first offset comprising at least one of:an orthogonal cover code (OCC) index for the uplink transmission, or an OCC offset indicating an offset of the DMRS sequence; and receive, from the first apparatus, the uplink transmission and the DMRS sequence.
[0006] In a third aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a method. The method comprises: determining a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) sequence to be used in an uplink transmission at least based on a first offset, the first offset comprising at least one of: an orthogonal cover code (OCC) index for the uplink transmission, or an OCC offset indicating an offset of the DMRS sequence; and transmitting, to a second apparatus, the uplink transmission and the DMRS sequence.
[0007] In a fourth aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a method. The method comprises: determining a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) sequence to be used in an uplink transmission at least based on a first offset, the first offset comprising at least one of: an orthogonal cover code (OCC) index for the uplink transmission, or an OCC offset indicating an offset of the DMRS sequence; and receiving, from the first apparatus, the uplink transmission and the DMRS sequence.
[0008] In a fifth aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a first apparatus. The first apparatus comprises means for determining a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) sequence to be used in an uplink transmission at least based on a first offset, the first offset comprising at least one of: an orthogonal cover code (OCC) index for the uplink transmission, or an OCC offset indicating an offset of the DMRS sequence; and means for transmitting, to a second apparatus, the uplink transmission and the DMRS sequence.
[0009] In a sixth aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a second apparatus. The second apparatus comprises means for determining a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) sequence to be used in an uplink transmission at least based on a first offset, the first offset comprising at least one of: an orthogonal cover code (OCC) index for the uplink transmission, or an OCC offset indicating an offset of the DMRS sequence; and means for receiving, from the first apparatus, the uplink transmission and the DMRS sequence.
[0010] In a seventh aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a computer readable medium. The computer readable medium comprises instructions stored thereon for causing an apparatus to perform at least the method according to the third aspect.
[0011] In an eighth aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a computer readable medium. The computer readable medium comprises instructions stored thereon for causing an apparatus to perform at least the method according to the fourth aspect.
[0012] It is to be understood that the Summary section is not intended to identify key or essential features of embodiments of the present disclosure, nor is it intended to be used to limit the scope of the present disclosure. Other features of the present disclosure will become easily comprehensible through the following description.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0013] Some example embodiments will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings, where:
[0014] FIG. 1A illustrates an example communication environment in which example embodiments of the present disclosure can be implemented;
[0015] FIG. 1B illustrates an example communication environment in which example embodiments of the present disclosure can be implemented;
[0016] FIG. 2 illustrates a signaling flow for determining the DMRS sequence for NPUSCH with OCC according to some example embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0017] FIG. 3 illustrates flowchart of a process for determining the DMRS sequence according to some example embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0018] FIG. 4 illustrates a flowchart of a method implemented at a first device according to some example embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0019] FIG. 5 illustrates a flowchart of a method implemented at a second device according to some example embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0020] FIG. 6 illustrates a simplified block diagram of a device that is suitable for implementing example embodiments of the present disclosure; and
[0021] FIG. 7 illustrates a block diagram of an example computer readable medium in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0022] Throughout the drawings, the same or similar reference numerals represent the same or similar element.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0023] Principle of the present disclosure will now be described with reference to some example embodiments. It is to be understood that these embodiments are described only for the purpose of illustration and help those skilled in the art to understand and implement the present disclosure, without suggesting any limitation as to the scope of the disclosure. Embodiments described herein can be implemented in various manners other than the ones described below.
[0024] In the following description and claims, unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skills in the art to which this disclosure belongs.
[0025] References in the present disclosure to “one embodiment, ” “an embodiment, ” “an example embodiment, ” and the like indicate that the embodiment described may include a particular feature, structure, or characteristic, but it is not necessary that every embodiment includes the particular feature, structure, or characteristic. Moreover, such phrases are not necessarily referring to the same embodiment. Further, when a particular feature, structure, or characteristic is described in connection with an embodiment, it is submitted that it is within the knowledge of one skilled in the art to affect such feature, structure, or characteristic in connection with other embodiments whether or not explicitly described.
[0026] It shall be understood that although the terms “first, ” “second, ” …, etc. in front of noun (s) and the like may be used herein to describe various elements, these elements should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element from another and they do not limit the order of the noun (s) . For example, a first element could be termed a second element, and similarly, a second element could be termed a first element, without departing from the scope of example embodiments. As used herein, the term “and / or” includes any and all combinations of one or more of the listed terms.
[0027] As used herein, “at least one of the following: <a list of two or more elements>” and “at least one of <a list of two or more elements>” and similar wording, where the list of two or more elements are joined by “and” or “or” , mean at least any one of the elements, or at least any two or more of the elements, or at least all the elements.
[0028] As used herein, unless stated explicitly, performing a step “in response to A” does not indicate that the step is performed immediately after “A” occurs and one or more intervening steps may be included.
[0029] The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of example embodiments. As used herein, the singular forms “a” , “an” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms “comprises” , “comprising” , “has” , “having” , “includes” and / or “including” , when used herein, specify the presence of stated features, elements, and / or components etc., but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, elements, components and / or combinations thereof.
[0030] As used in this application, the term “circuitry” may refer to one or more or all of the following:
[0031] (a) hardware-only circuit implementations (such as implementations in only analog and / or digital circuitry) and
[0032] (b) combinations of hardware circuits and software, such as (as applicable) :
[0033] (i) a combination of analog and / or digital hardware circuit (s) with software / firmware and
[0034] (ii) any portions of hardware processor (s) with software (including digital signal processor (s) ) , software, and memory (ies) that work together to cause an apparatus, such as a mobile phone or server, to perform various functions) and
[0035] (c) hardware circuit (s) and or processor (s) , such as a microprocessor (s) or a portion of a microprocessor (s) , that requires software (e.g., firmware) for operation, but the software may not be present when it is not needed for operation.
[0036] This definition of circuitry applies to all uses of this term in this application, including in any claims. As a further example, as used in this application, the term circuitry also covers an implementation of merely a hardware circuit or processor (or multiple processors) or portion of a hardware circuit or processor and its (or their) accompanying software and / or firmware. The term circuitry also covers, for example and if applicable to the particular claim element, a baseband integrated circuit or processor integrated circuit for a mobile device or a similar integrated circuit in server, a cellular network device, or other computing or network device.
[0037] As used herein, the term “communication network” refers to a network following any suitable communication standards, such as New Radio (NR) , Long Term Evolution (LTE) , LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) , Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA) , High-Speed Packet Access (HSPA) , Narrow Band Internet of Things (NB-IoT) and so on. Furthermore, the communications between a terminal device and a network device in the communication network may be performed according to any suitable generation communication protocols, including, but not limited to, the first generation (1G) , the second generation (2G) , 2.5G, 2.75G, the third generation (3G) , the fourth generation (4G) , 4.5G, the fifth generation (5G) , the sixth generation (6G) communication protocols, and / or any other protocols either currently known or to be developed in the future. Embodiments of the present disclosure may be applied in various communication systems. Given the rapid development in communications, there will of course also be future type communication technologies and systems with which the present disclosure may be embodied. It should not be seen as limiting the scope of the present disclosure to only the aforementioned system.
[0038] As used herein, the term “network device” refers to a node in a communication network via which a terminal device accesses the network and receives services therefrom. The network device may refer to a base station (BS) or an access point (AP) , for example, a node B (NodeB or NB) , an evolved NodeB (eNodeB or eNB) , an NR NB (also referred to as a gNB) , a Remote Radio Unit (RRU) , a radio header (RH) , a remote radio head (RRH) , a relay, an Integrated Access and Backhaul (IAB) node, a low power node such as a femto, a pico, a non-terrestrial network (NTN) or non-ground network device such as a satellite network device, a low earth orbit (LEO) satellite and a geosynchronous earth orbit (GEO) satellite, an aircraft network device, and so forth, depending on the applied terminology and technology. In some example embodiments, radio access network (RAN) split architecture comprises a Centralized Unit (CU) and a Distributed Unit (DU) at an IAB donor node. An IAB node comprises a Mobile Terminal (IAB-MT) part that behaves like a UE toward the parent node, and a DU part of an IAB node behaves like a base station toward the next-hop IAB node.
[0039] The term “terminal device” refers to any end device that may be capable of wireless communication. By way of example rather than limitation, a terminal device may also be referred to as a communication device, user equipment (UE) , a Subscriber Station (SS) , a Portable Subscriber Station, a Mobile Station (MS) , or an Access Terminal (AT) . The terminal device may include, but not limited to, a mobile phone, a cellular phone, a smart phone, voice over IP (VoIP) phones, wireless local loop phones, a tablet, a wearable terminal device, a personal digital assistant (PDA) , portable computers, desktop computer, image capture terminal devices such as digital cameras, gaming terminal devices, music storage and playback appliances, vehicle-mounted wireless terminal devices, wireless endpoints, mobile stations, laptop-embedded equipment (LEE) , laptop-mounted equipment (LME) , USB dongles, smart devices, wireless customer-premises equipment (CPE) , an Internet of Things (IoT) device, a watch or other wearable, a head-mounted display (HMD) , a vehicle, a drone, a medical device and applications (e.g., remote surgery) , an industrial device and applications (e.g., a robot and / or other wireless devices operating in an industrial and / or an automated processing chain contexts) , a consumer electronics device, a device operating on commercial and / or industrial wireless networks, and the like. The terminal device may also correspond to a Mobile Termination (MT) part of an IAB node (e.g., a relay node) . In the following description, the terms “terminal device” , “communication device” , “terminal” , “user equipment” and “UE” may be used interchangeably.
[0040] As used herein, the term “resource, ” “transmission resource, ” “resource block, ” “physical resource block” (PRB) , “uplink resource, ” or “downlink resource” may refer to any resource for performing a communication, for example, a communication between a terminal device and a network device, such as a resource in time domain, a resource in frequency domain, a resource in space domain, a resource in code domain, or any other combination of the time, frequency, space and / or code domain resource enabling a communication, and the like. In the following, unless explicitly stated, a resource in both frequency domain and time domain will be used as an example of a transmission resource for describing some example embodiments of the present disclosure. It is noted that example embodiments of the present disclosure are equally applicable to other resources in other domains.
[0041] FIG. 1A illustrates an example communication environment 100 in which example embodiments of the present disclosure can be implemented. In the communication environment 100, a second apparatus 120 may communicate with a first apparatus 110. In an example of FIG. 1A, the first apparatus 110 may be an UE and the second apparatus 120 may be a base station serving the UE.
[0042] It is to be understood that the number of devices and their connections shown in the communication environment 100 is only for the purpose of illustration without suggesting any limitation. The communication environment 100 may include any suitable number of devices configured to implement example embodiments of the present disclosure. Although not shown, it would be appreciated that one or more additional devices may be deployed in the communication environment 100.
[0043] In some embodiments, the communication between the first apparatus 110 and the second apparatus 120 may operate in a narrowband (NB) , for example in the case of NB IoT. In these embodiments, an NPUSCH transmission may be performed from the first apparatus 110 to the second apparatus 120.
[0044] In the following, for the purpose of illustration, some example embodiments are described with the first apparatus 110 operating as a terminal device and the second apparatus 120 operating as a network device. However, in some example embodiments, operations described in connection with a terminal device may be implemented at a network device or other device, and operations described in connection with a network device may be implemented at a terminal device or other device.
[0045] Communications in the communication environment 100 may be implemented according to any proper communication protocol (s) , comprising, but not limited to, cellular communication protocols of the first generation (1G) , the second generation (2G) , the third generation (3G) , the fourth generation (4G) , the fifth generation (5G) , the sixth generation (6G) , and the like, wireless local network communication protocols such as Institute for Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 and the like, and / or any other protocols currently known or to be developed in the future. Moreover, the communication may utilize any proper wireless communication technology, comprising but not limited to: Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) , Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA) , Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) , Frequency Division Duplex (FDD) , Time Division Duplex (TDD) , Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) , Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple (OFDM) , Discrete Fourier Transform spread OFDM (DFT-s-OFDM) and / or any other technologies currently known or to be developed in the future.
[0046] FIG. 1B illustrates an example communication environment 150 in which example embodiments of the present disclosure can be implemented. In the communication environment 100, a plurality of communication devices, including a first apparatus110 and a second apparatus120-1, can communicate with each other.
[0047] In the example of FIG. 1B, the first apparatus110 may include a terminal device and the second apparatus120-1 may include a network device serving the terminal device. The serving area of the second apparatus120-1 may be called a cell 102-1. It should be understood that the second apparatus120-1 may be deployed within or out of the cell 102-1 according to different requirement scenarios. Additionally, in some example embodiments, either or both of the first apparatus110 and the second apparatus120-1 may move over time, which results that the location relationships between the first apparatus110, the second apparatus120-01 and the cell 102-1 may be changed.
[0048] In some example embodiments, the communication environment 100 is an NTN network including one or more satellites. In some example embodiments, an access network device (such as, a gNB) may be deployed at a satellite, also referred to as a regenerative architecture. Alternatively, in some example embodiments, an access network device may be deployed separately from the satellite, such as, deployed on the ground, also referred to as transparent architecture. In the present disclosure, according to the specific application scenario or requirements, either or both of the satellite and the access network device may be considered as the second apparatus120. In present discourse is not limited in this regard.
[0049] Further, the deployment of discontinuous coverage is supported in the communication environment 100. As illustrated in FIG. 1B, the communication environment 100 further optionally includes a second apparatus120-2 which provides a serving area, i.e., cell 102-2. In particular, cell 102-1 and cell 102-2 are discontinuous, which causes that there is a time period where neither the second apparatus120-1 nor the second apparatus120-1 provides coverage to the area of the first apparatus110. In the other words, there is a time period where the first apparatus110 is not covered by any cell and cannot access to the network accordingly.
[0050] In the following, for ease of discission, the second devices 120-1 and 120-2 are individually or collectively referred to as the second apparatus120, and the cells 102-1 and 102-2 are individually or collectively referred to as the cell 102.
[0051] In some example embodiments, if the first apparatus 110 is a terminal device and the second apparatus 120 is a network device, a link from the second apparatus 120 to the first apparatus 110 is referred to as a downlink (DL) , and a link from the first apparatus 110 to the second apparatus 120 is referred to as an uplink (UL) . In DL, the second apparatus 120 is a transmitting (TX) device (or a transmitter) and the first apparatus 110 is a receiving (RX) device (or a receiver) . In UL, the first apparatus 110 is a TX device (or a transmitter) and the second apparatus 120 is a RX device (or a receiver) .
[0052] Recently, studied have been made regarding support of capacity enhancements for uplink (UL) , for example, enhancements to enable multiplexing of multiple UEs (e.g. up to the min of 4 and the maximum allowed by the existing UL and DL signalling) in a single 3.75 kHz or 15 kHz subcarrier via orthogonal cover codes (OCC) for NPUSCH format 1 and NPRACH. Multi-tone support for 15 kHz SCS may be also considered.
[0053] To facilitate decoding of the NPUSCH, the UE may provide Demodulation Reference Signals (DMRS) as part of the NPUSCH transmission, especially for the OCC for the NPUSCH format 1.
[0054] The DMRS sequence is determined by the UE in clause 10.1.4.1.1 of TS 36.211, which is shown in Table 1 below.
[0055] Table 1
[0056] If the group hopping is not used, index is mod 16.
[0057] Table 2 shows definition of the group hopping in clause 10.1.4.1.3 of TS 36.211.
[0058] Table 2
[0059] The cinit and the fss both depend on the i.e. the Physical cell ID.
[0060] Table 3 shows a reference signal sequence for which is discussed in clause 10.1.4.1.2 of TS 36.211.
[0061] Table 3
[0062] For single-tone DMRS when OCC is applied to NPUSCH format 1, RAN1 considers at least the following for further study:
[0063] · TDM of DMRS. The time domain locations of DMRS for different UEs are different. No OCC is applied for the DMRS of different UEs.
[0064] · CDM of DMRS. The time domain locations of DMRS for different UEs are the same. Different OCCs are applied for the DMRS of different UEs.
[0065] · Other schemes are not precluded, including combinations of the above.
[0066] The question is thus how to facilitate the DMRS, when OCC is applied to the NPUSCH.
[0067] Applying OCC (i.e. CDM) to the DMRS will result in the DMRS symbol being spread in time, which consumes more resources. Furthermore, the combination of OCC and the DMRS sequence may impact the orthogonality.
[0068] Using TDM, different UEs will transmit DMRS at different points in time. This may cause the actual NPUSCH symbols with OCC to become misaligned across UEs, because one UE will transmit the DMRS in symbol X and another UE in symbol Y.
[0069] Therefore, there is an issue, that is, how the DMRS can be transmitted in the same symbol for all UEs with OCC and at the same time avoiding the spreading in time.
[0070] Embodiments of the present disclosure focus on the OCC for NPUSCH format 1 and propose solutions for DMRS sequence shift for NPUSCH with OCC. In the proposed solutions, the UE reuses the DMRS symbol location definition (i.e. no OCC spreading) and select the DMRS sequence per UE based on the applied OCC code in addition to a physical cell identity (ID) (PCI) . In this way, the DMRS does not need to spread in time, while orthogonality is maintained.
[0071] Example embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
[0072] FIG. 2 illustrates a signaling flow 200 for determining the DMRS sequence for NPUSCH with OCC according to some example embodiments of the present disclosure. For the purposes of discussion, the signaling flow 200 will be discussed with reference to FIG. 1A or FIG. 1B. The signaling flow involves a first apparatus 110 and a second apparatus 120. For the purpose of illustration, some example embodiments may be described with the first apparatus 110 operating as a terminal device (for example, a UE) and the second apparatus 120 operating as a network device (for example, a gNB) . For the purpose of illustration, in some example embodiments, the first apparatus 110 operating as a terminal device (for example, a UE) and the second apparatus 120 operating as a network device (for example, a gNB) communicate with each other through satellite in NTN system. For the purpose of illustration, in some example embodiments, the second apparatus 120 operating as a network device (for example, a gNB) is located on satellite in NTN system.
[0073] In the signaling flow 200, the first apparatus 110 first determines (215) a DMRS sequence to be used in an uplink transmission at least based on a first offset, the first offset comprising at least one of an OCC index for the uplink transmission, or an OCC offset indicating an offset of the DMRS sequence. Then, the first apparatus 110 transmits (220) , to a second apparatus 120, the uplink transmission and the DMRS sequence.
[0074] As for the second apparatus 120, it also determines (216) the DMRS sequence to be used in an uplink transmission at least based on a first offset, the first offset comprising at least one of an OCC index for the uplink transmission, or an OCC offset indicating an offset of the DMRS sequence. That is, the second apparatus 120 may determine the DMRS sequence in a similar way as the determination (215) of the DMRS sequence performed by the first apparatus 110. Afterwards, the second apparatus 120 receives (220) , from the first apparatus 110, the uplink transmission and the DMRS sequence.
[0075] Optionally, the second apparatus 120 may transmit (205) configuration information about the first offset to the first apparatus 110. The configuration information may be part of the NPUSCH grant (e.g. a Downlink Control Information) or MAC CE or RRC configuration. Multiple configurations may be from the same signaling or different signalings, e.g. one offset configured from DCI, another configured from RRC or MAC CE.
[0076] The first apparatus 110 may receive (210) the configuration information and thus have the knowledge of the first offset, e.g., the OCC index, the OCC offset, and / or other related offset. In the determination (215) of the DMRS sequence, the first apparatus 110 may use the configuration information to determine the DMRS sequence. It is to be understood that this is just an example, rather than suggesting any limitations.
[0077] In some example embodiments, the determination (215) and the determination (216) of the DMRS sequence may be implemented in a variety of ways. In an implementation, the number of subcarriers for the uplink transmission may be determined. Then, a reference signal sequence index for the DMRS sequence may be determined based on the first offset, the number of subcarriers for the uplink transmission and a physical cell ID associated with the second apparatus 120. Based on the reference signal sequence index, the DMRS sequence may be determined, for instance, from a first set of DMRS sequences.
[0078] The first set of DMRS sequences may be configured by the second apparatus 120 to the first apparatus 110. In some example embodiments, the first set of DMRS sequences, which are configured by the second apparatus 120, may be different from a second set of DMRS sequences which are pre-defined. In one example, the set of DMRS sequences may be defined in the technical specification. Alternatively, the first set of DMRS sequences may be pre-defined. In other words, the first apparatus 110 may have a pre-defined first set of DMRS sequences.
[0079] In some example embodiments, additional w (n) sequences may be standardized (i.e. pre-defined) (e.g., include in Table 10.1.4.1.1-1 of TS 36.211) to ensure that neighbour cells do not use the same DMRS. For example, 12 extra rows may be used to facilitate OCC with length 4 in 3 cells do not interfere. In this case, the indexing may be defined as or
[0080] Additionally or alternatively, the network (e.g., the second apparatus 120) may configure specific w (n) sequence sets per cell to ensure the orthogonality between cells. Within each cell, the first apparatus 110, e.g., UE, still selects the w (n) . Alternatively, the mapping between OCC and configured w (n) sequence set may be mapped 1-to-1, e.g. UE with OCC index 0 / 1 / 2 / 3 will use No. 0 / 1 / 2 / 3 w (n) sequence in the set.
[0081] In some example embodiments, the determination (215) and / or the determination (216) of the DMRS sequence may be affected by group hopping.
[0082] In an implementation, if the group hopping is enabled, the reference signal sequence index may be determined based on a group hopping pattern and a sequence-shift pattern. The group hopping pattern and / or the sequence-shift pattern may be determined based on the first offset and a number of subcarriers for the uplink transmission and a physical cell ID associated with the second apparatus 120. For example, the group hopping pattern may be determined based on an initial value for a pseudo-random sequence generator. The initial value may be determined based on the first offset and the number of subcarriers for the uplink transmission.
[0083] With the reference signal sequence index, the DMRS sequence may be determined, e.g., from the first set of DMRS sequences.
[0084] Now more details of the proposed solutions are discussed. For a single-tone DMRS, the (row) index u to the table defining w (n) is The index may be modified to where iOCC is the index of the OCC (also referred to as the OCC index) the UE is applying on the NPUSCH symbols (and the index is >0, e.g. [1-4] or [0-3] +1 if the index starts in 0) . The OCC index is assumed to be signaled as part of the NPUSCH scheduling or configured semi-statically.
[0085] In some embodiments, the network provides an additional offset (also referred to as the OCC offset) noffset (i.e. ) to ensure that UEs with OCC on one cell do not interfere with a neighbor cell, which could happen if the maps to the neighbor cell’s ID and / or could happen when DMRS with OCC coexist with DMRS without OCC on same resource. In this case, there may be at least one of two types of offset, one offset is for avoiding sequence collision for neighbor cell and another offset is for avoiding sequence collision with UE without OCC.
[0086] For the multi-tone DMRS, the u is based on the same equation except the modulo operator is 12, 14 and 30 for 3, 6, and 12 subcarriers respectively. Therefore, the same OCC index offset may be applied. The u may also be configured by a higher layer and in this case, the UE could be configured to offset the u based on the OCC index, e.g by direct addition of u and the OCC index.
[0087] In the case that the group hopping is used, the u depends on a group-hopping pattern fgh which is a pseudo-random sequence initialized by an initial value cinit. The u further depends on a sequence-shift pattern fss.
[0088] In this case, the initial value cinit and / or fss may be modified based on the OCC index.
[0089] For example, in conventional solutions, the initial value cinit may be calculated by:
[0090] where represents the physical cell identity (PCI) ; and represents the number of reference signal sequences available for each resource unit (RU) . The resource unit corresponds to the number of subcarriers: 1, 3, 6, 12 for NB-IoT.
[0091] In contrast, in some example embodiments of the present disclosure, the initial value mat be calculated by:
[0092] where iOCC represents the OCC index; and noffset represents the OCC offset.
[0093] As for the sequence-shift pattern, fss, the conventional way for calculating it may be:
[0094] where Δss represents a parameter configured by higher layers for the group-hopping.
[0095] In contrast, in some example embodiments of the present disclosure, the sequence-shift pattern fss may be calculated by:
[0096] In this way, the UE will be able to reuse the w (n) and only apply a different index n and the DMRS does not spread in time and orthogonality is maintained.
[0097] FIG. 3 illustrates a flowchart of a process 300 for determining the DMRS sequence according to some example embodiments of the present disclosure. The DMRS sequence may be determined based on the first offset which may include the OCC offset and / or the OCC index. In the exmaple of FIG. 3, the OCC offset is not configured, and the OCC index is used alone for determining the DMRS sequence. It is be noted that this is just an example, rather than suggesting any limitaiton. In other example embodiments of the presnet disclosure, the OCC offset is also applied in the determining of the DMRS sequence.
[0098] The process 300 for determining the DMRS sequence illustrated in FIG. 3 may be implemented at either the first apparatus 110 or the second apparatus 120. That is, both the terminal device and the network device may adopt the manner for determining the DMRS sequence as discussed with respect to FIG. 3. For purpose of discussion, embodiments of the FIG. 3 are discussed from the perspective of the first apparatus 110. It is to be understood that this is just for example, rather than suggesting any limitation. The second apparatus 120 or other suitable device may also adopt the process 300.
[0099] It is also to be understood that although in some example embodiments discussed with respect to FIG. 3, the OCC index is used but the OCC offset is not considered, it just discussed for example, rather than suggest any limitation. In further example embodiments, the OCC offset could also be applied, alone or in combination with OCC index, in steps 340-360 for determining the reference signal sequence index.
[0100] The process 300 starts at 310, where the first apparatus 110 may receive uplink grant for uplink transmission (also referred to as NPUSCH transmission or NPUSCH for short) including an occ index to apply. At 320, the first apparatus 110 may determine the number of subcarriers used for the NPUSCH.
[0101] At 330, the first apparatus 110 may determine whether group hopping is enabled. If the group hopping is not enabled, at 340, the first apparatus 110 may determine the reference signal sequence index based on the first offset, the number of subcarriers and a physical cell ID.
[0102] For example, at 340, the reference signal sequence index (denoted as “u” ) may be determined by one of equations (9) to (12) depending on the number of subcarriers:
[0103] In contrast, if the group hopping is enabled, at 350, the first apparatus 110 may determine a group hopping pattern (e.g., denoted as fgh) and a sequence-shift pattern (e.g., denoted as fss) . In example embodiments of the present disclosure, at least one of the group hopping pattern or the sequence-shift pattern is determined based on the first offset, the number of subcarriers and a physical cell ID. For example, merely the group hopping pattern or merely the sequence-shift pattern is determined based on the first offset, the number of subcarriers and a physical cell ID. Alternatively, both the group hopping pattern and the sequence-shift pattern are determined based on the above there factors.
[0104] Specifically, at 350, the sequence-shift pattern fxs may be determined according to any of the following equations (13) to (16) :
[0105] The group hopping pattern fgh may be determined based on an initial value cinit which may be calculated according to any of the above equations (17) to (20) :
[0106] Then, at 360, the first apparatus 110 may determine the reference signal sequence index based on the group hopping pattern fgh. and the sequence-shift pattern fss. For example, the reference signal sequence index (u) may be determined based on fgh. and fss according to TS 36.211.
[0107] As shown in FIG. 3, both blocks 340 and 360 proceed to block 370. At 370, the first apparatus 110 may determine the DMRS sequence (denoted as w (n) ) based on the reference signal sequence index (u) determined at 340 or 360.
[0108] At 380, the first apparatus 110 may transmit NPUSCH using OCC and DMRS.
[0109] FIG. 4 shows a flowchart of an example method 400 implemented at a first device in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure. For the purpose of discussion, the method 400 will be described from the perspective of the first apparatus 110 in FIG. 1A or FIG. 1B.
[0110] At block 410, the first apparatus 110 determines a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) sequence to be used in an uplink transmission at least based on a first offset, the first offset comprising at least one of: an orthogonal cover code (OCC) index for the uplink transmission, or an OCC offset indicating an offset of the DMRS sequence.
[0111] At block 420, the first apparatus 110 transmits, to a second apparatus 120, the uplink transmission and the DMRS sequence.
[0112] In some example embodiments, the method 400 further comprises: receiving, from the second apparatus, configuration information about the first offset.
[0113] In some example embodiments, the method 400 further comprises: determining a number of subcarriers for the uplink transmission; determining a reference signal sequence index for the DMRS sequence based on the first offset, the number of subcarriers for the uplink transmission and a physical cell identity (ID) associated with the second apparatus; and determining the DMRS sequence from a first set of DMRS sequences based on the reference signal sequence index.
[0114] In some example embodiments, the method 400 further comprises: in accordance with a determination that group hopping is enabled, determining the reference signal sequence index based on a group hopping pattern and a sequence-shift pattern, at least one of the group hopping pattern and the sequence-shift pattern being determined based on the first offset and a number of subcarriers for the uplink transmission and a physical cell identity (ID) associated with the second apparatus; and determining the DMRS sequence from a first set of DMRS sequences based on the reference signal sequence index.
[0115] In some example embodiments, the method 400 further comprises: determining an initial value for a pseudo-random sequence generator based on the first offset and the number of subcarriers for the uplink transmission; and determining the group hopping pattern based on the initial value.
[0116] In some example embodiments, the first apparatus is configured, by the second apparatus, with a first set of DMRS sequences, or wherein the first apparatus has a pre-defined first set of DMRS sequences.
[0117] In some example embodiments, the first set of DMRS sequences, configured by the second apparatus, are different from a pre-defined second set of DMRS sequences.
[0118] In some example embodiments, the first apparatus comprises a terminal device, and the second apparatus comprises a network device.
[0119] FIG. 5shows a flowchart of an example method 500 implemented at a second device in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure. For the purpose of discussion, the method 500 will be described from the perspective of the second apparatus 120 in FIG. 1A or FIG. 1B.
[0120] At block 510, the second apparatus 120 determines a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) sequence to be used in an uplink transmission at least based on a first offset, the first offset comprising at least one of: an orthogonal cover code (OCC) index for the uplink transmission, or an OCC offset indicating an offset of the DMRS sequence.
[0121] At block 520, the second apparatus 120 receives, from the first apparatus 110, the uplink transmission and the DMRS sequence.
[0122] In some example embodiments, the method 500 further comprises: transmitting, to the first apparatus, configuration information about the first offset.
[0123] In some example embodiments, the method 500 further comprises: determining a number of subcarriers for the uplink transmission; determining a reference signal sequence index for the DMRS sequence based on the first offset, the number of subcarriers for the uplink transmission and a physical cell identity (ID) associated with the second apparatus; and determining the DMRS sequence from a first set of DMRS sequences based on the reference signal sequence index.
[0124] In some example embodiments, the method 500 further comprises: in accordance with a determination that group hopping is enabled, determining the reference signal sequence index based on a group hopping pattern and a sequence-shift pattern, at least one of the group hopping pattern and the sequence-shift pattern being determined based on the first offset and a number of subcarriers for the uplink transmission and a physical cell identity (ID) associated with the second apparatus; and determining the DMRS sequence from a first set of DMRS sequences based on the reference signal sequence index.
[0125] In some example embodiments, the method 500 further comprises: determining an initial value for a pseudo-random sequence generator based on the first offset and the number of subcarriers for the uplink transmission; and determining the group hopping pattern based on the initial value.
[0126] In some example embodiments, the first apparatus is configured, by the second apparatus, with a first set of DMRS sequences, or wherein the first apparatus has a pre-defined first set of DMRS sequences.
[0127] In some example embodiments, the first set of DMRS sequences, configured by the second apparatus, are different from a pre-defined second set of DMRS sequences.
[0128] In some example embodiments, the first apparatus comprises a terminal device, and the second apparatus comprises a network device.
[0129] In some example embodiments, a first apparatus capable of performing any of the method 400 (for example, the first apparatus 110 in FIG. 1A or FIG. 1B) may comprise means for performing the respective operations of the method 400. The means may be implemented in any suitable form. For example, the means may be implemented in a circuitry or software module. The first apparatus may be implemented as or included in the first apparatus 110 in FIG. 1A or FIG. 1B.
[0130] In some example embodiments, the first apparatus comprises means for determining a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) sequence to be used in an uplink transmission at least based on a first offset, the first offset comprising at least one of: an orthogonal cover code (OCC) index for the uplink transmission, or an OCC offset indicating an offset of the DMRS sequence; and means for transmitting, to a second apparatus, the uplink transmission and the DMRS sequence.
[0131] In some example embodiments, the first apparatus further comprises: means for receiving, from the second apparatus, configuration information about the first offset.
[0132] In some example embodiments, the first apparatus further comprises: means for determining a number of subcarriers for the uplink transmission; means for determining a reference signal sequence index for the DMRS sequence based on the first offset, the number of subcarriers for the uplink transmission and a physical cell identity (ID) associated with the second apparatus; and means for determining the DMRS sequence from a first set of DMRS sequences based on the reference signal sequence index.
[0133] In some example embodiments, the first apparatus further comprises: means for in accordance with a determination that group hopping is enabled, determining the reference signal sequence index based on a group hopping pattern and a sequence-shift pattern, at least one of the group hopping pattern and the sequence-shift pattern being determined based on the first offset and a number of subcarriers for the uplink transmission and a physical cell identity (ID) associated with the second apparatus; and means for determining the DMRS sequence from a first set of DMRS sequences based on the reference signal sequence index.
[0134] In some example embodiments, the first apparatus further comprises: means for determining an initial value for a pseudo-random sequence generator based on the first offset and the number of subcarriers for the uplink transmission; and means for determining the group hopping pattern based on the initial value.
[0135] In some example embodiments, the first apparatus is configured, by the second apparatus, with a first set of DMRS sequences, or wherein the first apparatus has a pre-defined first set of DMRS sequences.
[0136] In some example embodiments, the first set of DMRS sequences, configured by the second apparatus, are different from a pre-defined second set of DMRS sequences.
[0137] In some example embodiments, the first apparatus comprises a terminal device, and the second apparatus comprises a network device.
[0138] In some example embodiments, the first apparatus further comprises means for performing other operations in some example embodiments of the method 400 or the first apparatus 110. In some example embodiments, the means comprises at least one processor; and at least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the performance of the first apparatus.
[0139] In some example embodiments, a second apparatus capable of performing any of the method 500 (for example, the second apparatus 120 in FIG. 1A or FIG. 1B) may comprise means for performing the respective operations of the method 500. The means may be implemented in any suitable form. For example, the means may be implemented in a circuitry or software module. The second apparatus may be implemented as or included in the second apparatus 120 in FIG. 1A or FIG. 1B.
[0140] In some example embodiments, the second apparatus comprises means for determining a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) sequence to be used in an uplink transmission at least based on a first offset, the first offset comprising at least one of: an orthogonal cover code (OCC) index for the uplink transmission, or an OCC offset indicating an offset of the DMRS sequence; and means for receiving, from the first apparatus, the uplink transmission and the DMRS sequence.
[0141] In some example embodiments, the second apparatus further comprises: means for transmitting, to the first apparatus, configuration information about the first offset.
[0142] In some example embodiments, the second apparatus further comprises: means for determining a number of subcarriers for the uplink transmission; means for determining a reference signal sequence index for the DMRS sequence based on the first offset, the number of subcarriers for the uplink transmission and a physical cell identity (ID) associated with the second apparatus; and means for determining the DMRS sequence from a first set of DMRS sequences based on the reference signal sequence index.
[0143] In some example embodiments, the second apparatus further comprises: means for in accordance with a determination that group hopping is enabled, determining the reference signal sequence index based on a group hopping pattern and a sequence-shift pattern, at least one of the group hopping pattern and the sequence-shift pattern being determined based on the first offset and a number of subcarriers for the uplink transmission and a physical cell identity (ID) associated with the second apparatus; and means for determining the DMRS sequence from a first set of DMRS sequences based on the reference signal sequence index.
[0144] In some example embodiments, the second apparatus further comprises: means for determining an initial value for a pseudo-random sequence generator based on the first offset and the number of subcarriers for the uplink transmission; and means for determining the group hopping pattern based on the initial value.
[0145] In some example embodiments, the first apparatus is configured, by the second apparatus, with a first set of DMRS sequences, or wherein the first apparatus has a pre-defined first set of DMRS sequences.
[0146] In some example embodiments, the first set of DMRS sequences, configured by the second apparatus, are different from a pre-defined second set of DMRS sequences.
[0147] In some example embodiments, the first apparatus comprises a terminal device, and the second apparatus comprises a network device.
[0148] In some example embodiments, the second apparatus further comprises means for performing other operations in some example embodiments of the method 500 or the second apparatus 120. In some example embodiments, the means comprises at least one processor; and at least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the performance of the second apparatus.
[0149] FIG. 6 is a simplified block diagram of a device 600 that is suitable for implementing example embodiments of the present disclosure. The device 600 may be provided to implement a communication device, for example, the first apparatus 110 or the second apparatus 120 as shown in FIG. 1A or FIG. 1B. As shown, the device 600 includes one or more processors 610, one or more memories 620 coupled to the processor 610, and one or more communication modules 640 coupled to the processor 610.
[0150] The communication module 640 is for bidirectional communications. The communication module 640 has one or more communication interfaces to facilitate communication with one or more other modules or devices. The communication interfaces may represent any interface that is necessary for communication with other network elements. In some example embodiments, the communication module 640 may include at least one antenna.
[0151] The processor 610 may be of any type suitable to the local technical network and may include one or more of the following: general purpose computers, special purpose computers, microprocessors, digital signal processors (DSPs) and processors based on multicore processor architecture, as non-limiting examples. The device 600 may have multiple processors, such as an application specific integrated circuit chip that is slaved in time to a clock which synchronizes the main processor.
[0152] The memory 620 may include one or more non-volatile memories and one or more volatile memories. Examples of the non-volatile memories include, but are not limited to, a Read Only Memory (ROM) 624, an electrically programmable read only memory (EPROM) , a flash memory, a hard disk, a compact disc (CD) , a digital video disk (DVD) , an optical disk, a laser disk, and other magnetic storage and / or optical storage. Examples of the volatile memories include, but are not limited to, a random access memory (RAM) 622 and other volatile memories that will not last in the power-down duration.
[0153] A computer program 630 includes computer executable instructions that are executed by the associated processor 610. The instructions of the program 630 may include instructions for performing operations / acts of some example embodiments of the present disclosure. The program 630 may be stored in the memory, e.g., the ROM 624. The processor 610 may perform any suitable actions and processing by loading the program 630 into the RAM 622.
[0154] The example embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented by means of the program 630 so that the device 600 may perform any process of the disclosure as discussed with reference to FIG. 2 to FIG. 5. The example embodiments of the present disclosure may also be implemented by hardware or by a combination of software and hardware.
[0155] In some example embodiments, the program 630 may be tangibly contained in a computer readable medium which may be included in the device 600 (such as in the memory 620) or other storage devices that are accessible by the device 600. The device 600 may load the program 630 from the computer readable medium to the RAM 622 for execution. In some example embodiments, the computer readable medium may include any types of non-transitory storage medium, such as ROM, EPROM, a flash memory, a hard disk, CD, DVD, and the like. The term “non-transitory, ” as used herein, is a limitation of the medium itself (i.e., tangible, not a signal) as opposed to a limitation on data storage persistency (e.g., RAM vs. ROM) .
[0156] FIG. 7 shows an example of the computer readable medium 700 which may be in form of CD, DVD or other optical storage disk. The computer readable medium 700 has the program 630 stored thereon.
[0157] Generally, various embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented in hardware or special purpose circuits, software, logic or any combination thereof. Some aspects may be implemented in hardware, and other aspects may be implemented in firmware or software which may be executed by a controller, microprocessor or other computing device. Although various aspects of embodiments of the present disclosure are illustrated and described as block diagrams, flowcharts, or using some other pictorial representations, it is to be understood that the block, apparatus, system, technique or method described herein may be implemented in, as non-limiting examples, hardware, software, firmware, special purpose circuits or logic, general purpose hardware or controller or other computing devices, or some combination thereof.
[0158] Some example embodiments of the present disclosure also provide at least one computer program product tangibly stored on a computer readable medium, such as a non-transitory computer readable medium. The computer program product includes computer-executable instructions, such as those included in program modules, being executed in a device on a target physical or virtual processor, to carry out any of the methods as described above. Generally, program modules include routines, programs, libraries, objects, classes, components, data structures, or the like that perform particular tasks or implement particular abstract data types. The functionality of the program modules may be combined or split between program modules as desired in various embodiments. Machine-executable instructions for program modules may be executed within a local or distributed device. In a distributed device, program modules may be located in both local and remote storage media.
[0159] Program code for carrying out methods of the present disclosure may be written in any combination of one or more programming languages. The program code may be provided to a processor or controller of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, or other programmable data processing apparatus, such that the program code, when executed by the processor or controller, cause the functions / operations specified in the flowcharts and / or block diagrams to be implemented. The program code may execute entirely on a machine, partly on the machine, as a stand-alone software package, partly on the machine and partly on a remote machine or entirely on the remote machine or server.
[0160] In the context of the present disclosure, the computer program code or related data may be carried by any suitable carrier to enable the device, apparatus or processor to perform various processes and operations as described above. Examples of the carrier include a signal, computer readable medium, and the like.
[0161] The computer readable medium may be a computer readable signal medium or a computer readable storage medium. A computer readable medium may include but not limited to an electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor system, apparatus, or device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing. More specific examples of the computer readable storage medium would include an electrical connection having one or more wires, a portable computer diskette, a hard disk, a random access memory (RAM) , a read-only memory (ROM) , an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or Flash memory) , an optical fiber, a portable compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM) , an optical storage device, a magnetic storage device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing.
[0162] Further, although operations are depicted in a particular order, this should not be understood as requiring that such operations be performed in the particular order shown or in sequential order, or that all illustrated operations be performed, to achieve desirable results. In certain circumstances, multitasking and parallel processing may be advantageous. Likewise, although several specific implementation details are contained in the above discussions, these should not be construed as limitations on the scope of the present disclosure, but rather as descriptions of features that may be specific to particular embodiments. Unless explicitly stated, certain features that are described in the context of separate embodiments may also be implemented in combination in a single embodiment. Conversely, unless explicitly stated, various features that are described in the context of a single embodiment may also be implemented in a plurality of embodiments separately or in any suitable sub-combination.
[0163] Although the present disclosure has been described in languages specific to structural features and / or methodological acts, it is to be understood that the present disclosure defined in the appended claims is not necessarily limited to the specific features or acts described above. Rather, the specific features and acts described above are disclosed as example forms of implementing the claims.
Claims
1.A first apparatus comprising:at least one processor; andat least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the first apparatus at least to:determine a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) sequence to be used in an uplink transmission at least based on a first offset, the first offset comprising at least one of:an orthogonal cover code (OCC) index for the uplink transmission, oran OCC offset indicating an offset of the DMRS sequence; andtransmit, to a second apparatus, the uplink transmission and the DMRS sequence.2.The first apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first apparatus is caused to:receive, from the second apparatus, configuration information about the first offset.3.The first apparatus of claim 1 or 2, wherein the first apparatus is caused to:determine a number of subcarriers for the uplink transmission;determine a reference signal sequence index for the DMRS sequence based on the first offset, the number of subcarriers for the uplink transmission and a physical cell identity (ID) associated with the second apparatus; anddetermine the DMRS sequence from a first set of DMRS sequences based on the reference signal sequence index.4.The first apparatus of any of claims 1 to 3, wherein the first apparatus is caused to:in accordance with a determination that group hopping is enabled, determine the reference signal sequence index based on a group hopping pattern and a sequence-shift pattern, at least one of the group hopping pattern and the sequence-shift pattern being determined based on the first offset and a number of subcarriers for the uplink transmission and a physical cell identity (ID) associated with the second apparatus; anddetermine the DMRS sequence from a first set of DMRS sequences based on the reference signal sequence index.5.The first apparatus of claim 4, wherein the first apparatus is caused to:determine an initial value for a pseudo-random sequence generator based on the first offset and the number of subcarriers for the uplink transmission; anddetermine the group hopping pattern based on the initial value.6.The first apparatus of any of claims 1 to 5, wherein the first apparatus is configured, by the second apparatus, with a first set of DMRS sequences, orwherein the first apparatus has a pre-defined first set of DMRS sequences.7.The first apparatus of claim 6, wherein the first set of DMRS sequences, configured by the second apparatus, are different from a pre-defined second set of DMRS sequences.8.The first apparatus of any of claims 1 to 7, wherein the first apparatus comprises a terminal device, and the second apparatus comprises a network device.9.A second apparatus comprising:at least one processor; andat least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the second apparatus at least to:determine a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) sequence to be used in an uplink transmission at least based on a first offset, the first offset comprising at least one of:an orthogonal cover code (OCC) index for the uplink transmission, oran OCC offset indicating an offset of the DMRS sequence; andreceive, from the first apparatus, the uplink transmission and the DMRS sequence.10.The second apparatus of claim 9, wherein the second apparatus is caused to:transmit, to the first apparatus, configuration information about the first offset.11.The second apparatus of claim 9 or 10, wherein the second apparatus is caused to:determine a number of subcarriers for the uplink transmission;determine a reference signal sequence index for the DMRS sequence based on the first offset, the number of subcarriers for the uplink transmission and a physical cell identity (ID) associated with the second apparatus; anddetermine the DMRS sequence from a first set of DMRS sequences based on the reference signal sequence index.12.The second apparatus of any of claims 9 to 11, wherein the second apparatus is caused to:in accordance with a determination that group hopping is enabled, determine the reference signal sequence index based on a group hopping pattern and a sequence-shift pattern, at least one of the group hopping pattern and the sequence-shift pattern being determined based on the first offset and a number of subcarriers for the uplink transmission and a physical cell identity (ID) associated with the second apparatus; anddetermine the DMRS sequence from a first set of DMRS sequences based on the reference signal sequence index.13.The second apparatus of claim 12, wherein the second apparatus is caused to:determine an initial value for a pseudo-random sequence generator based on the first offset and the number of subcarriers for the uplink transmission; anddetermine the group hopping pattern based on the initial value.14.The second apparatus of any of claims 9 to 13, wherein the first apparatus is configured, by the second apparatus, with a first set of DMRS sequences, orwherein the first apparatus has a pre-defined first set of DMRS sequences.15.The second apparatus of claim 14, wherein the first set of DMRS sequences, configured by the second apparatus, are different from a pre-defined second set of DMRS sequences.16.The second apparatus of any of claims 9 to 15, wherein the first apparatus comprises a terminal device, and the second apparatus comprises a network device.17.A method comprising:determining a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) sequence to be used in an uplink transmission at least based on a first offset, the first offset comprising at least one of:an orthogonal cover code (OCC) index for the uplink transmission, oran OCC offset indicating an offset of the DMRS sequence; andtransmitting, to a second apparatus, the uplink transmission and the DMRS sequence.18.A method comprising:determining a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) sequence to be used in an uplink transmission at least based on a first offset, the first offset comprising at least one of:an orthogonal cover code (OCC) index for the uplink transmission, oran OCC offset indicating an offset of the DMRS sequence; andreceiving, from the first apparatus, the uplink transmission and the DMRS sequence.19.A first apparatus comprising:means for determining a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) sequence to be used in an uplink transmission at least based on a first offset, the first offset comprising at least one of:an orthogonal cover code (OCC) index for the uplink transmission, oran OCC offset indicating an offset of the DMRS sequence; andmeans for transmitting, to a second apparatus, the uplink transmission and the DMRS sequence.20.A second apparatus comprising:means for determining a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) sequence to be used in an uplink transmission at least based on a first offset, the first offset comprising at least one of:an orthogonal cover code (OCC) index for the uplink transmission, oran OCC offset indicating an offset of the DMRS sequence; andmeans for receiving, from the first apparatus, the uplink transmission and the DMRS sequence.21.A computer readable medium comprising instructions stored thereon for causing an apparatus at least to perform the method of any of claim 17 or 18.
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