Display and electronic device comprising same

Abstract

The electronic device may comprise a display driving circuit and a display panel including sub-pixels. Each of the sub-pixels may comprise a light-emitting element, a storage capacitor configured to store a data voltage, a first transistor including a gate electrode, and a second transistor including a gate electrode. The display driving circuit may be configured to: perform first initialization of the gate electrode of the first transistor by providing, during a first time period, a signal to the gate electrode of the second transistor within a second time period of a horizontal synchronization signal included in a first time period of a vertical synchronization signal; and perform second initialization of the gate electrode of the first transistor by providing, during a second time period that is shorter than the first time period, the signal again to the gate electrode of the second transistor within the second time period of the horizontal synchronization signal.

Description

Display and electronic device including it

[0001] The descriptions below relate to displays and electronic devices including them.

[0002] A display may be used to display an image. The display may include a display panel and a display driving circuit. The display driving circuit may be configured to display the image acquired from a processor of the electronic device on the display panel. For example, the display driving circuit may be configured to control a source driver (or data driver) of the electronic device and a gate driver (or scan driver) of the electronic device to display the image on the display panel.

[0003] The above information may be provided as background art to aid in understanding the present disclosure. No claim or determination is made as to whether any of the above is applicable as prior art related to the present disclosure.

[0004] A display is described. The display may include a display driving circuit including a gate driver integrated circuit (IC). The display may include a display panel including pixels. Each of the pixels may include sub-pixels. Each of the sub-pixels may include a light-emitting element, a storage capacitor configured to store a data voltage, a gate electrode electrically connected to the storage capacitor, a source electrode, and a drain electrode electrically connectable to an anode electrode of the light-emitting element, and a first transistor configured to obtain a current provided to the light-emitting element according to the data voltage stored in the storage capacitor, and a second transistor including a drain electrode electrically connected to the storage capacitor, a source electrode to which an initialization voltage is applied, and a gate electrode. The display driving circuit may be configured to perform a first initialization of the gate electrode of the first transistor by performing a first time period, during which a signal is provided to the gate electrode of the second transistor using the gate driver IC within a second time period of the horizontal synchronization signal included in a first time period of the vertical synchronization signal. The display driving circuit may be configured to perform a second initialization of the gate electrode of the first transistor by performing a second time period, during which a signal is provided again to the gate electrode of the second transistor using the gate driver IC within the second time period of the horizontal synchronization signal included in the first time period of the vertical synchronization signal, which is shorter than the first time period.

[0005] The display may include a display driving circuit including a gate driver IC (integrated circuit). The display may include a display panel including pixels. Each of the pixels may include sub-pixels. Each of the sub-pixels may include a light-emitting element, a storage capacitor configured to store a data voltage, a gate electrode electrically connected to the storage capacitor, a source electrode, and a drain electrode electrically connectable to an anode electrode of the light-emitting element, and may include a first transistor configured to obtain a current provided to the light-emitting element according to the data voltage stored in the storage capacitor, and a second transistor including a drain electrode electrically connected to the storage capacitor, a source electrode to which an initialization voltage is applied, and a gate electrode. The display driving circuit may be configured to perform a first initialization of the gate electrode of the first transistor by performing a first time period, during which a signal is provided to the gate electrode of the second transistor using the gate driver IC within a second time period of the horizontal synchronization signal included in a first time period of the vertical synchronization signal. The display driving circuit may be configured to perform a second initialization of the gate electrode of the first transistor by performing a second time period, during which a signal is provided again to the gate electrode of the second transistor using the gate driver IC within the second time period of the horizontal synchronization signal included in the first time period of the vertical synchronization signal, which is shorter than the first time period.

[0006] The display may be incorporated into an electronic device. For example, the electronic device may be described as a portable device, a multi-function device, or a mobile device. For example, the electronic device may include at least one processor (e.g., including a processing circuit) and a memory that stores instructions and includes one or more storage media. The instructions, when individually or collectively executed by the at least one processor, may cause the electronic device to generate an image to be displayed on the display panel and provide the generated image to the display driving circuit.

[0007] FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an electronic device within a network environment according to various embodiments.

[0008] FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a display module according to various embodiments.

[0009] Figure 3a illustrates an example of a subpixel within a display panel.

[0010] Figure 3b shows an example of signals used in a subpixel.

[0011] Figure 3c shows examples of graphs showing the relationship between a signal for initializing the first transistor of a sub-pixel and the S / E (step efficiency) of the display panel.

[0012] FIG. 3d shows examples of graphs showing the relationship between a signal for initializing a light-emitting element of a subpixel and the variable refresh rate (VRR) of a display panel.

[0013] FIG. 4a shows an example of a graph showing the relationship between a signal for initializing a first transistor of a subpixel and the VRR of a display panel.

[0014] FIG. 4b shows examples of graphs showing the relationship between a signal for initializing a light-emitting element of a subpixel and the S / E of a display panel.

[0015] Figure 5 illustrates an example of a gate driver IC (integrated circuit) within a display driving circuit that controls sub-pixels of a display panel.

[0016] Figure 6 illustrates an example of a method for adjusting the initialization voltage of a subpixel within a time interval of a horizontal synchronization signal.

[0017] FIG. 7 illustrates an example of a method for adjusting the time duration of a signal used in a subpixel within a time interval of a horizontal synchronization signal.

[0018] Figure 8 illustrates an example of a method for adjusting the initialization voltage of a sub-pixel for each time interval of a vertical synchronization signal.

[0019] Figure 9 illustrates an example of a method for adjusting the time period of a signal used in a sub-pixel for each time interval of a vertical synchronization signal.

[0020] Figures 10a and 10b illustrate examples of a method for adjusting the time duration of a signal used in a sub-pixel or the initialization voltage of a sub-pixel.

[0021] FIG. 11 illustrates an example graph of the characteristics of a display panel that is fine-tuned by adjusting the time duration of a signal used in a sub-pixel or the initialization voltage of a sub-pixel.

[0022] The terms used in this disclosure are used only to describe specific embodiments and may not be intended to limit the scope of other embodiments. The singular expression may include plural expressions unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. Terms used herein, including technical or scientific terms, may have the same meaning as commonly understood by those of ordinary skill in the art described in this disclosure. Terms defined in general dictionaries among the terms used in this disclosure may be interpreted as having the same or similar meaning in the context of the relevant technology, and shall not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense unless explicitly defined in this disclosure. In some cases, even if a term is defined in this disclosure, it cannot be interpreted to exclude embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0023] The various embodiments of the present disclosure described below illustrate a hardware-based approach as an example. However, since the various embodiments of the present disclosure include techniques utilizing both hardware and software, the various embodiments of the present disclosure do not exclude a software-based approach.

[0024] In addition, in the present disclosure, expressions such as "more than" or "less than" may be used to determine whether a specific condition is satisfied or fulfilled. However, this is merely a description for expressing an example and does not exclude descriptions such as "more than" or "less than." Conditions described as "more than" may be replaced with "more than," conditions described as "less than," and conditions described as "more than and less than" may be replaced with "more than and less than." In addition, hereinafter, "A" to "B" mean at least one of the elements from A (including A) to B (including B).

[0025] FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an electronic device within a network environment according to various embodiments.

[0026] Referring to FIG. 1, in a network environment (100), an electronic device (101) may communicate with an electronic device (102) via a first network (198) (e.g., a short-range wireless communication network), or may communicate with at least one of an electronic device (104) or a server (108) via a second network (199) (e.g., a long-range wireless communication network). According to one embodiment, the electronic device (101) may communicate with the electronic device (104) via the server (108). According to one embodiment, the electronic device (101) may include a processor (120), a memory (130), an input module (150), an audio output module (155), a display module (160), an audio module (170), a sensor module (176), an interface (177), a connection terminal (178), a haptic module (179), a camera module (180), a power management module (188), a battery (189), a communication module (190), a subscriber identification module (196), or an antenna module (197). In some embodiments, the electronic device (101) may omit at least one of these components (e.g., the connection terminal (178)), or may have one or more other components added. In some embodiments, some of these components (e.g., the sensor module (176), the camera module (180), or the antenna module (197)) may be integrated into one component (e.g., the display module (160)).

[0027] The processor (120) may, for example, execute software (e.g., a program (140)) to control at least one other component (e.g., a hardware or software component) of the electronic device (101) connected to the processor (120) and perform various data processing or calculations. According to one embodiment, as at least a part of the data processing or calculations, the processor (120) may store commands or data received from other components (e.g., a sensor module (176) or a communication module (190)) in a volatile memory (132), process the commands or data stored in the volatile memory (132), and store result data in a non-volatile memory (134). According to one embodiment, the processor (120) may include a main processor (121) (e.g., a central processing unit or an application processor) or a secondary processor (123) (e.g., a graphics processing unit, a neural processing unit (NPU), an image signal processor, a sensor hub processor, or a communication processor)) that can operate independently or together therewith. For example, if the electronic device (101) includes a main processor (121) and a secondary processor (123), the secondary processor (123) may be configured to use less power than the main processor (121) or to be specialized for a specified function. The secondary processor (123) may be implemented separately from the main processor (121) or as a part thereof.

[0028] The auxiliary processor (123) may control at least a portion of functions or states associated with at least one component (e.g., a display module (160), a sensor module (176), or a communication module (190)) of the electronic device (101), for example, on behalf of the main processor (121) while the main processor (121) is in an inactive (e.g., sleep) state, or together with the main processor (121) while the main processor (121) is in an active (e.g., application execution) state. In one embodiment, the auxiliary processor (123) (e.g., an image signal processor or a communication processor) may be implemented as a part of another functionally related component (e.g., a camera module (180) or a communication module (190)). In one embodiment, the auxiliary processor (123) (e.g., a neural network processing unit) may include a hardware structure specialized for processing artificial intelligence models. The artificial intelligence models may be generated through machine learning. This learning can be performed, for example, on the electronic device (101) itself where the artificial intelligence model is executed, or can be performed through a separate server (e.g., server (108)). The learning algorithm can include, for example, supervised learning, unsupervised learning, semi-supervised learning, or reinforcement learning, but is not limited to the examples described above. The artificial intelligence model can include multiple artificial neural network layers.The artificial neural network may be one of a deep neural network (DNN), a convolutional neural network (CNN), a recurrent neural network (RNN), a restricted Boltzmann machine (RBM), a deep belief network (DBN), a bidirectional recurrent deep neural network (BRDNN), a deep Q-network, or a combination of two or more of the above, but is not limited to the examples described above. In addition to, or alternatively to, a hardware structure, an artificial intelligence model may include a software structure.

[0029] The memory (130) can store various data used by at least one component (e.g., processor (120) or sensor module (176)) of the electronic device (101). The data can include, for example, software (e.g., program (140)) and input data or output data for commands related thereto. The memory (130) can include volatile memory (132) or non-volatile memory (134).

[0030] The program (140) may be stored as software in the memory (130) and may include, for example, an operating system (142), middleware (144), or an application (146).

[0031] The input module (150) can receive commands or data to be used in a component of the electronic device (101) (e.g., a processor (120)) from an external source (e.g., a user) of the electronic device (101). The input module (150) can include, for example, a microphone, a mouse, a keyboard, a key (e.g., a button), or a digital pen (e.g., a stylus pen).

[0032] The audio output module (155) can output audio signals to the outside of the electronic device (101). The audio output module (155) can include, for example, a speaker or a receiver. The speaker can be used for general purposes, such as multimedia playback or recording playback. The receiver can be used to receive incoming calls. In one embodiment, the receiver can be implemented separately from the speaker or as part of the speaker.

[0033] The display module (160) can visually provide information to an external party (e.g., a user) of the electronic device (101). The display module (160) may include, for example, a display, a holographic device, or a projector and a control circuit for controlling the device. In one embodiment, the display module (160) may include a touch sensor configured to detect a touch, or a pressure sensor configured to measure the intensity of a force generated by the touch.

[0034] The audio module (170) can convert sound into an electrical signal, or vice versa, convert an electrical signal into sound. According to one embodiment, the audio module (170) can acquire sound through the input module (150), output sound through the sound output module (155), or an external electronic device (e.g., electronic device (102)) (e.g., speaker or headphone) directly or wirelessly connected to the electronic device (101).

[0035] The sensor module (176) can detect the operating status (e.g., power or temperature) of the electronic device (101) or the external environmental status (e.g., user status) and generate an electrical signal or data value corresponding to the detected status. According to one embodiment, the sensor module (176) can include, for example, a gesture sensor, a gyro sensor, a barometric pressure sensor, a magnetic sensor, an acceleration sensor, a grip sensor, a proximity sensor, a color sensor, an IR (infrared) sensor, a biometric sensor, a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, or an illuminance sensor.

[0036] The interface (177) may support one or more designated protocols that may be used to directly or wirelessly connect the electronic device (101) with an external electronic device (e.g., the electronic device (102)). In one embodiment, the interface (177) may include, for example, a high definition multimedia interface (HDMI), a universal serial bus (USB) interface, an SD card interface, or an audio interface.

[0037] The connection terminal (178) may include a connector through which the electronic device (101) may be physically connected to an external electronic device (e.g., electronic device (102)). According to one embodiment, the connection terminal (178) may include, for example, an HDMI connector, a USB connector, an SD card connector, or an audio connector (e.g., a headphone connector).

[0038] A haptic module (179) can convert electrical signals into mechanical stimuli (e.g., vibration or movement) or electrical stimuli that a user can perceive through tactile or kinesthetic sensations. In one embodiment, the haptic module (179) can include, for example, a motor, a piezoelectric element, or an electrical stimulation device.

[0039] The camera module (180) can capture still images and videos. According to one embodiment, the camera module (180) may include one or more lenses, image sensors, image signal processors, or flashes.

[0040] The power management module (188) can manage power supplied to the electronic device (101). According to one embodiment, the power management module (188) can be implemented, for example, as at least a part of a power management integrated circuit (PMIC).

[0041] A battery (189) may power at least one component of the electronic device (101). In one embodiment, the battery (189) may include, for example, a non-rechargeable primary battery, a rechargeable secondary battery, or a fuel cell.

[0042] The communication module (190) may support the establishment of a direct (e.g., wired) communication channel or a wireless communication channel between the electronic device (101) and an external electronic device (e.g., electronic device (102), electronic device (104), or server (108)), and the performance of communication through the established communication channel. The communication module (190) may operate independently from the processor (120) (e.g., application processor) and may include one or more communication processors that support direct (e.g., wired) communication or wireless communication. According to one embodiment, the communication module (190) may include a wireless communication module (192) (e.g., a cellular communication module, a short-range wireless communication module, or a global navigation satellite system (GNSS) communication module) or a wired communication module (194) (e.g., a local area network (LAN) communication module, or a power line communication module). Among these communication modules, the corresponding communication module can communicate with an external electronic device (104) via a first network (198) (e.g., a short-range communication network such as Bluetooth, wireless fidelity (WiFi) direct, or infrared data association (IrDA)) or a second network (199) (e.g., a long-range communication network such as a legacy cellular network, a 5G network, a next-generation communication network, the Internet, or a computer network (e.g., a LAN or WAN)). These various types of communication modules can be integrated into a single component (e.g., a single chip) or implemented as multiple separate components (e.g., multiple chips). The wireless communication module (192) can verify or authenticate the electronic device (101) within a communication network such as the first network (198) or the second network (199) by using subscriber information (e.g., an international mobile subscriber identity (IMSI)) stored in the subscriber identification module (196).

[0043] The wireless communication module (192) can support 5G networks and next-generation communication technologies following the 4G network, such as NR access technology (new radio access technology). The NR access technology can support high-speed transmission of high-capacity data (eMBB (enhanced mobile broadband)), minimization of terminal power and connection of multiple terminals (mMTC (massive machine type communications)), or high reliability and low latency (URLLC (ultra-reliable and low-latency communications)). The wireless communication module (192) can support, for example, a high-frequency band (e.g., mmWave band) to achieve a high data transmission rate. The wireless communication module (192) can support various technologies for securing performance in a high-frequency band, such as beamforming, massive multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO), full dimensional MIMO (FD-MIMO), array antenna, analog beam-forming, or large scale antenna. The wireless communication module (192) can support various requirements specified in the electronic device (101), an external electronic device (e.g., the electronic device (104)), or a network system (e.g., the second network (199)). According to one embodiment, the wireless communication module (192) can support a peak data rate (e.g., 20 Gbps or more) for eMBB realization, a loss coverage (e.g., 164 dB or less) for mMTC realization, or a U-plane latency (e.g., 0.5 ms or less for downlink (DL) and uplink (UL), or 1 ms or less for round trip) for URLLC realization.

[0044] The antenna module (197) can transmit or receive signals or power to or from an external device (e.g., an external electronic device). In one embodiment, the antenna module (197) may include an antenna including a radiator formed of a conductor or a conductive pattern formed on a substrate (e.g., a PCB). In one embodiment, the antenna module (197) may include a plurality of antennas (e.g., an array antenna). In this case, at least one antenna suitable for a communication method used in a communication network, such as the first network (198) or the second network (199), may be selected from the plurality of antennas by, for example, the communication module (190). A signal or power may be transmitted or received between the communication module (190) and an external electronic device through the selected at least one antenna. In some embodiments, in addition to the radiator, another component (e.g., a radio frequency integrated circuit (RFIC)) may be additionally formed as a part of the antenna module (197).

[0045] According to various embodiments, the antenna module (197) may form a mmWave antenna module. According to one embodiment, the mmWave antenna module may include a printed circuit board, an RFIC disposed on or adjacent a first side (e.g., a bottom side) of the printed circuit board and capable of supporting a designated high-frequency band (e.g., a mmWave band), and a plurality of antennas (e.g., an array antenna) disposed on or adjacent a second side (e.g., a top side or a side side) of the printed circuit board and capable of transmitting or receiving signals in the designated high-frequency band.

[0046] At least some of the above components can be interconnected and exchange signals (e.g., commands or data) with each other via a communication method between peripheral devices (e.g., a bus, GPIO (general purpose input and output), SPI (serial peripheral interface), or MIPI (mobile industry processor interface)).

[0047] According to one embodiment, commands or data may be transmitted or received between the electronic device (101) and an external electronic device (104) via a server (108) connected to a second network (199). Each of the external electronic devices (102 or 104) may be the same or a different type of device as the electronic device (101). According to one embodiment, all or part of the operations executed in the electronic device (101) may be executed in one or more of the external electronic devices (102, 104, or 108). For example, when the electronic device (101) is to perform a certain function or service automatically or in response to a request from a user or another device, the electronic device (101) may, instead of or in addition to executing the function or service itself, request one or more external electronic devices to perform the function or at least a part of the service. One or more external electronic devices that receive the request may execute at least a portion of the requested function or service, or an additional function or service related to the request, and transmit the result of the execution to the electronic device (101). The electronic device (101) may process the result as is or additionally and provide it as at least a portion of a response to the request. For this purpose, cloud computing, distributed computing, mobile edge computing (MEC), or client-server computing technology may be used, for example. The electronic device (101) may provide an ultra-low latency service by using distributed computing or mobile edge computing, for example. In one embodiment, the external electronic device (104) may include an Internet of Things (IoT) device. The server (108) may be an intelligent server using machine learning and / or a neural network. According to one embodiment, the external electronic device (104) or the server (108) may be included in the second network (199).The electronic device (101) can be applied to intelligent services (e.g., smart home, smart city, smart car, or healthcare) based on 5G communication technology and IoT-related technology.

[0048] FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a display module according to various embodiments.

[0049] Referring to FIG. 2, the display module (160) may include a display (210) and a display driver IC (DDI) (230) for controlling the display (210). The DDI (230) may include an interface module (231), a memory (233) (e.g., a buffer memory), an image processing module (235), or a mapping module (237). The DDI (230) may receive, for example, image information including image data or an image control signal corresponding to a command for controlling the image data, from another component of the electronic device (101) through the interface module (231). For example, according to one embodiment, image information may be received from a processor (120) (e.g., a main processor (121) (e.g., an application processor) or an auxiliary processor (123) (e.g., a graphics processing unit) that operates independently of the function of the main processor (121). The DDI (230) may communicate with a touch circuit (250) or a sensor module (176) through the interface module (231). In addition, the DDI (230) may store at least a part of the received image information in the memory (233), for example, in units of frames. The image processing module (235) may, for example, perform preprocessing or postprocessing (e.g., resolution, brightness, or size adjustment) on at least a part of the image data based at least on the characteristics of the image data or the characteristics of the display (210). The mapping module (237) may generate a voltage value or a current value corresponding to the image data that has been preprocessed or postprocessed through the image processing module (235). According to one embodiment, the voltage The generation of the values ​​or current values ​​may be performed based at least in part on properties of the pixels of the display (210), for example, the arrangement of the pixels (RGB stripe or pentile structure), or the size of each of the sub-pixels.At least some pixels of the display (210) may be driven based at least in part on, for example, the voltage value or current value, so that visual information (e.g., text, an image, or an icon) corresponding to the image data may be displayed through the display (210).

[0050] According to one embodiment, the display module (160) may further include a touch circuit (250). The touch circuit (250) may include a touch sensor (251) and a touch sensor IC (253) for controlling the same. The touch sensor IC (253) may control the touch sensor (251) to detect, for example, a touch input or a hovering input for a specific location of the display (210). For example, the touch sensor IC (253) may detect a touch input or a hovering input by measuring a change in a signal (e.g., voltage, light quantity, resistance, or charge quantity) for a specific location of the display (210). The touch sensor IC (253) may provide information (e.g., location, area, pressure, or time) regarding the detected touch input or hovering input to the processor (120). According to one embodiment, at least a portion of the touch circuit (250) (e.g., touch sensor IC (253)) may be included as part of the display driver IC (230), or as part of the display (210), or as part of another component (e.g., auxiliary processor (123)) disposed external to the display module (160).

[0051] According to one embodiment, the display module (160) may further include at least one sensor (e.g., a fingerprint sensor, an iris sensor, a pressure sensor, or an illuminance sensor) of the sensor module (176), or a control circuit therefor. In this case, the at least one sensor or the control circuit therefor may be embedded in a part of the display module (160) (e.g., the display (210) or the DDI (230)) or a part of the touch circuit (250). For example, if the sensor module (176) embedded in the display module (160) includes a biometric sensor (e.g., a fingerprint sensor), the biometric sensor may obtain biometric information (e.g., a fingerprint image) associated with a touch input through a part of the display (210). As another example, if the sensor module (176) embedded in the display module (160) includes a pressure sensor, the pressure sensor may obtain pressure information associated with a touch input through a part or the entire area of ​​the display (210). According to one embodiment, the touch sensor (251) or sensor module (176) may be positioned between pixels of a pixel layer of the display (210), or above or below the pixel layer.

[0052] An electronic device (101) according to the present disclosure may include a display. For example, the display may include at least a portion of the display module (160) of FIG. 1 or correspond to at least a portion of the display module (160) of FIG. 1. For example, the display may be described as a display device. For example, the display may be included in the electronic device (101). For example, an electronic device (101) including the display may include at least a portion of the electronic device (101) of FIG. 1 or correspond to at least a portion of the electronic device (101) of FIG. 1.

[0053] For example, the electronic device (101) may be implemented in various form factors. For example, the electronic device (101) may include not only an electronic device including the display of the bar type, but also an electronic device including the display that is a flexible display. For example, the flexible display may include a rollable display, a foldable display, or a multi-foldable display. Furthermore, for example, the electronic device (101) may be implemented as a wearable device. For example, the wearable device may include a head mounted display (HMD) or a watch-shaped device. However, the present disclosure is not limited thereto.

[0054] For example, the electronic device (101) may include at least one processor (e.g., including a processing circuit) (e.g., including a central processing unit (CPU), a graphic processing unit (GPU), and a display processing unit (DPU)). For example, the at least one processor may include at least a portion of the processor (120) of FIG. 1 or may correspond to at least a portion of the processor (120) of FIG. 1. For example, the electronic device (101) may include a memory that includes one or more storage media and stores instructions. The memory may include at least a portion of the memory (130) of FIG. 1 or may correspond to at least a portion of the memory (130) of FIG. 1. The instructions, when individually or collectively executed by the at least one processor, may cause the electronic device (101) to generate or obtain an image to be displayed through the display. The above instructions, when executed individually or collectively by at least one processor, may provide data for the image to the display (or DDI (230) of FIG. 2) for displaying the image through the display.

[0055] The display may include a display driving circuit and a display panel. For example, the display driving circuit may include at least a portion of the DDI (230) of FIG. 2 or correspond to at least a portion of the DDI (230) of FIG. 2. For example, the display panel may include at least a portion of the display (210) of FIG. 2 or correspond to at least a portion of the display (210) of FIG. 2. For example, the display (210) of FIG. 2 may be referred to as a display panel. The display driving circuit may be used to display an image (e.g., an image provided from the at least one processor) on the display panel.

[0056] The display driving circuit may perform (or execute) a first scan to display the image on the display panel. For example, the first scan may be described as an address scan. For example, the first scan may include initiating a gate electrode of a driving transistor (e.g., the first transistor (301) of FIG. 3A), providing a data voltage to the initialized gate electrode of the driving transistor, and providing current to the light-emitting element through the driving transistor having the provided data voltage at the gate electrode. For example, the first scan may further include initializing the gate electrode of the driving transistor by providing an initialization voltage to the gate electrode of the driving transistor, and providing a data voltage to the initialized gate electrode of the driving transistor, compared to a second scan as exemplified below.

[0057] The display driving circuit may perform (or execute) a second scan to maintain the image on the display panel. For example, the second scan may be described as a self scan. For example, the second scan may include providing current to the light-emitting element through the driving transistor while the data voltage provided to the gate electrode of the driving transistor according to the first scan is maintained. For example, the second scan may include skipping initializing the gate electrode of the driving transistor to maintain the data voltage provided to the gate electrode of the driving transistor according to the first scan. For example, the second scan, unlike the first scan, may not include initializing the gate electrode of the driving transistor and providing a data voltage to the initialized gate electrode of the driving transistor.

[0058] The display panel may include pixels. Each of the pixels may include sub-pixels. The sub-pixels may include a first sub-pixel configured to emit light of a first color (e.g., red), a second sub-pixel configured to emit light of a second color (e.g., blue), and a third sub-pixel configured to emit light of a third color (e.g., green). As a non-limiting example, the sub-pixels may further include a fourth sub-pixel configured to emit light of a fourth color (e.g., white).

[0059] For example, each of the sub-pixels may include a light-emitting element (e.g., an organic light-emitting diode (OLED)) and a driving transistor (or a driving transistor for driving the light-emitting element) for providing current to the light-emitting element (or for obtaining current provided to the light-emitting element). For example, each of the sub-pixels may include an operation control transistor including a drain electrode electrically connected to a source electrode of the driving transistor and a source electrode electrically connected to a driving voltage line for transmitting a driving voltage (VDD). For example, each of the sub-pixels may include an emission control transistor including a source electrode electrically connected to a drain electrode of the driving transistor and a drain electrode electrically connected to an anode electrode of the light-emitting element. For example, the display driving circuit may provide an emission signal to each of the gate electrode of the operation control transistor and the gate electrode of the emission control transistor. When the above-described light-emitting signal is provided to each of the gate electrode of the operation control transistor and the gate electrode of the light-emitting control transistor, the current obtained through the driving transistor can be provided to the light-emitting element. For example, the light-emitting element can emit light according to the current.

[0060] As a non-limiting example, each of the sub-pixels may further include, in addition to the driving transistor, the operation control transistor, and the light emission control transistor exemplified above, one or more other transistors and one or more capacitors. An example configuration of each of the sub-pixels is described and illustrated with reference to FIG. 3A.

[0061] Figure 3a illustrates an example of a subpixel within a display panel.

[0062] Referring to FIG. 3A, each of the plurality of sub-pixels may include a light-emitting element (300) (e.g., a light-emitting element (300) or an OLED (300)), a first transistor (301) (e.g., a driving transistor), a second transistor (302) (e.g., an initialization transistor), a third transistor (303) (e.g., a compensation transistor), a fourth transistor (304) (e.g., a bypass transistor), a fifth transistor (305) (e.g., a switching transistor), a sixth transistor (306) (e.g., an operation control transistor), a seventh transistor (307) (e.g., an emission control transistor), an eighth transistor (308) (e.g., a threshold voltage adjustment transistor), a capacitor (309) (e.g., a storage capacitor), and a capacitor (310) (e.g., a boost capacitor). The components, their relationships, and their functions within each of the plurality of sub-pixels illustrated in FIG. 3A are exemplary only and do not limit the implementations described or claimed within this document. For example, the capacitor (310) may be omitted.

[0063] For example, the gate electrode (G) of the first transistor (301) may be connected to the drain electrode (D) of the third transistor (303). For example, the gate electrode (G) of the first transistor (301) may be connected to the drain electrode (D) of the second transistor (302). For example, the gate electrode of the first transistor (301) may be connected to a capacitor (309) used to store a data voltage (Vdata). For example, the gate electrode of the first transistor (301) may be connected to a capacitor (310) used to compensate for a voltage drop caused by stopping providing the fourth signal (314). For example, the source electrode (S) of the first transistor (301) may be connected to a drain electrode of the fifth transistor (305). For example, the source electrode of the first transistor (301) may be connected to the drain electrode of the sixth transistor (306). For example, the source electrode of the first transistor (301) may be connected to the drain electrode of the eighth transistor (308). For example, the drain electrode of the first transistor (301) may be connected to the source electrode of the third transistor (303). For example, the drain electrode of the first transistor (301) may be connected to the source electrode of the seventh transistor (307). For example, the first transistor (301) may be used to provide a current (317) according to a data voltage (Vdata) to the light emitting diode (300).

[0064] For example, the gate electrode of the second transistor (302) may be configured to receive a first signal (311). For example, the first signal (311) may be used to initialize the gate electrode of the first transistor (301). For example, the first signal (311) may be referenced as GI, a GI signal, an initialization signal, a first clock signal, or a first scan signal. For example, the source electrode of the second transistor (302) may be configured to obtain a first initialization voltage (Vint1) (318) (e.g., about -3.5 (V)). For example, the voltage (or voltage value, voltage level, magnitude) of the first initialization voltage (Vint1) (318) may be adjusted (or set, changed) by the display driving circuit (e.g., the DDI (230) of FIG. 2).

[0065] For example, the gate electrode of the third transistor (303) may be configured to receive a second signal (312). For example, the second signal (312) may be referred to as a GC, a GC signal, a GC, a compensation signal, a second clock signal, or a second scan signal.

[0066] For example, the gate electrode of the fourth transistor (304) may be configured to receive a third signal (313). For example, the third signal (313) may be used to initialize a light-emitting element (300) including an anode connected to a source electrode of the third transistor (303). For example, the third signal (313) may be used to initialize a light-emitting element (300) (or a parasitic capacitor of the light-emitting element (300)). For example, the third signal (313) may be referenced as GB, a GB signal, a bypass signal, a third clock signal, or a third scan signal. For example, the drain electrode of the fourth transistor (304) may be configured to acquire a second initialization voltage (Vint2) (319) (e.g., about -3 (V)). For example, the voltage (or voltage value, voltage level, size) of the second initialization voltage (Vint2) (319) can be adjusted (or set, changed) by the display driving circuit (e.g., DDI (230) of FIG. 2).

[0067] For example, the gate electrode of the fifth transistor (305) may be configured to receive the fourth signal (314). For example, the source electrode of the fifth transistor (305) may be configured to obtain the data voltage (Vdata). For example, the fourth signal (314) may be used to apply the data voltage (Vdata) to the first transistor (301). For example, the fourth signal (314) may be referenced as GW, a GW signal, a switching signal, a fourth clock signal, or a fourth scan signal.

[0068] For example, the gate electrode of the sixth transistor (306) may be configured to receive the light emission signal (315). For example, the source electrode of the sixth transistor (306) may be configured to obtain the first driving voltage (VDD).

[0069] For example, the gate electrode of the seventh transistor (307) may be configured to receive the light emitting signal (315). For example, the drain electrode of the seventh transistor (307) may be connected to the source electrode of the fourth transistor (304). For example, the drain electrode of the seventh transistor (307) may be connected to the anode of the light emitting element (300).

[0070] For example, the gate electrode of the eighth transistor (308) may be configured to receive a third signal (313). For example, the gate electrode of the eighth transistor (308) may be configured to obtain a bias voltage (Vbias) (e.g., about 6 (V)). For example, the third signal (313) may be used to provide a bias voltage (Vbias) to the first transistor (301).

[0071] For example, the cathode of the light emitting element (300) can be configured to obtain a second driving voltage (VSS).

[0072] For example, the display driving circuit can display an image on the display panel based on providing a first signal (311), a second signal (312), a third signal (313), a fourth signal (314), and a light emitting signal (315) to each of the plurality of sub-pixels.

[0073] While the electronic device (101) displays an image on the display panel including the sub-pixels illustrated in FIG. 3A, an afterimage (or display motion blur) or an unintended brightness difference may occur on the display panel. For example, the afterimage may be related to the step efficiency (S / E) of the display panel. As a non-limiting example, the afterimage may be relatively more easily recognized when the gradation of the image changes from a relatively dark color (e.g., black) to a relatively bright color (e.g., white). Also, as a non-limiting example, when the gradation of the image has a relatively bright color (e.g., white), the gradation of contents (e.g., text) within the image has a relatively dark color (e.g., black), and the image is scrolled, the afterimage may be relatively more easily recognized.

[0074] For example, the luminance difference may be related to the variable refresh rate (VRR) of the display panel. As a non-limiting example, the luminance difference may be relatively more easily recognized when the refresh rate of the display panel is changed from a relatively high frequency (e.g., 120 Hz) to a relatively low frequency (e.g., 1 Hz). Furthermore, as a non-limiting example, the luminance difference may be relatively more easily recognized when an image is displayed at a relatively low luminance (or, low frequency, low grayscale) as compared to when an image is displayed at a relatively high luminance (or, high frequency, high grayscale).

[0075] In order to improve the characteristics (or quality, picture quality) of the display panel, such as the S / E and VRR, the electronic device (101) can adjust the number of times (count) (or number) that each signal used in a sub-pixel is applied to the sub-pixel. Specific details related thereto can be exemplified in FIG. 3B below.

[0076] Figure 3b shows an example of signals used in a subpixel.

[0077] Referring to FIG. 3B, an example of a timing diagram (320) for signals used in each of the sub-pixels within the display panel of the electronic device (101) is illustrated. For example, the signals used in the sub-pixels may include the first signal (311), the second signal (312), the third signal (313), the fourth signal (314), and the light emission signal (315) of FIG. 3A. However, the present disclosure is not limited thereto.

[0078] Referring to example (320), the electronic device (101) can adjust the number of times a signal is applied to improve the S / E and the VRR. For example, the number of times (321) that the first signal (311) is applied (or provided) to the sub-pixel (or the gate electrode of the second transistor (302)) can be adjusted to improve the S / E. As a non-limiting example, the number of times (321) can be increased to improve the S / E. For specific details related thereto, reference may be made to FIG. 3C below.

[0079] For example, the number of times (323) that the third signal (313) is applied (or provided) to the sub-pixel (or the gate electrode of the fourth transistor (304)) can be adjusted to improve the VRR. As a non-limiting example, the number of times (323) can be increased to improve the VRR. For specific details related thereto, reference may be made to FIG. 3D below.

[0080] Figure 3c shows examples of graphs showing the relationship between a signal for initializing a first transistor of a subpixel and the S / E (step efficiency) of a display panel. Figure 3d shows examples of graphs showing the relationship between a signal for initializing a light-emitting element of a subpixel and the VRR (variable refresh rate) of a display panel.

[0081] FIG. 3c shows graphs (330, 340) showing the relationship between a signal (e.g., a first signal (311)) for initializing the first transistor (301) of FIG. 3a and the S / E of the display panel.

[0082] The graph (330) represents the relationship between the gate-source voltage (VGS) of the first transistor (301) and the current (Id) provided (or applied) to the light-emitting element (300) (or the current flowing from the drain electrode to the source electrode of the first transistor (301)) (e.g., the current (317) of FIG. 3A). The horizontal axis of the graph (330) represents the gate-source voltage (VGS) of the first transistor (301), and the vertical axis of the graph (330) represents the current (Id) provided to the light-emitting element (300). For example, the line of the graph (330) represents the relationship between the gate-source voltage (VGS) and the current (Id) when the grayscale changes from a relatively dark image to a relatively bright image. However, the present disclosure is not limited thereto. For example, the above line of the graph (330) may represent the relationship between the gate-source voltage (VGS) and the current (Id) when the grayscale changes from a relatively bright image to a relatively dark image.

[0083] In the graph (330), the first value (331) may represent the gate-source voltage (VGS) of the first transistor (301) for displaying a relatively dark image (e.g., black). The fifth value (335) may represent the gate-source voltage (VGS) of the first transistor (301) for displaying a relatively bright image (e.g., white).

[0084] The second value (332) may represent the gate-source voltage (VGS) of the first transistor (301) in the first frame when the first signal (311) is applied once to display a white image. The second value (332) may have a higher voltage level (or magnitude) than the first value (331). Having the higher voltage level may refer to a large increase in the voltage level of the first transistor (301) or a high bias (or ON bias) being applied.

[0085] The third value (333) may represent the gate-source voltage (VGS) of the first transistor (301) in the first frame when the first signal (311) is applied twice to display a white image. The third value (333) may have a higher voltage level than the second value (332).

[0086] The fourth value (334) may represent the gate-source voltage (VGS) of the first transistor (301) in the first frame when the first signal (311) is applied three times to display a white image. The fourth value (334) may have a higher voltage level than the third value (333).

[0087] The graph (340) includes lines (341, 342, 343) representing the luminance of the display panel (or subpixel) according to a second value (332), a third value (333), and a fourth value (334). The line (341) may represent the luminance over time when a white image is displayed using the first transistor (301) to which the second value (332) is applied. The line (342) may represent the luminance over time when a white image is displayed using the first transistor (301) to which the third value (333) is applied. The line (343) may represent the luminance over time when a white image is displayed using the first transistor (301) to which the fourth value (334) is applied.

[0088] Line (341) may have a luminance value (341a) at a time point (or timing) after the first frame. Thereafter, line (341) may have a target luminance value at a time point after the second frame consecutive to the first frame. Line (342) may have a luminance value (342a) at a time point after the first frame. The luminance value (342a) of line (342) may be higher than the luminance value (341a) of line (341). Thereafter, line (342) may have the target luminance value at a time point after the second frame. Compared to line (341), line (342) may indicate that it is easier to adjust to the target luminance value within the second frame. Easier adjustment to the target luminance value may indicate that the difference between the target luminance value and the luminance value (342a) is less than the difference between the target luminance value and the luminance value (341a). Line (343) may have a luminance value (343a) after the first frame. The luminance value (343a) of line (343) may be higher than the luminance value (342a) of line (342). Afterwards, line (343) may have the target luminance value after the second frame. Compared to line (342), line (343) may indicate that it is easier to adjust to the target luminance value within the second frame.

[0089] As described above, as the number of times the first signal (311) is applied increases, the voltage level of the gate-source voltage (VGS) of the first transistor (301) may increase. In other words, as the number of times the first signal (311) is applied to the gate electrode of the second transistor (302) increases, the number of times the gate electrode of the first transistor (301) is initialized may increase. As the gate electrode of the first transistor (301) is repeatedly initialized, the voltage level of the gate-source voltage (VGS) of the first transistor (301) may increase. Referring to example (320) of FIG. 3B, after the first signal (311) is applied, the second signal (312) may be applied. As the second signal (312) is applied to the sub-pixel, a low bias (or OFF bias) may be applied to the first transistor (301). Assuming that two first signals (311) are applied, ON bias, OFF bias, ON bias, and OFF bias can be sequentially repeated. The responsiveness (or activity range) of the first transistor (301) whose bias is frequently changed can be improved. Accordingly, under conditions where the grayscale of an image changes rapidly, afterimages can be improved.

[0090] FIG. 3d shows graphs (350, 361, 362, 363) showing the relationship between a signal (e.g., third signal (313)) for initializing the light-emitting element (300) of FIG. 3a and the VRR of the display panel.

[0091] The graph (350) represents the relationship between the gate-source voltage (VGS) of the first transistor (301) and the current (Id) (317) provided (or applied) to the light-emitting element (300) (or the current flowing from the drain electrode to the source electrode of the first transistor (301). The horizontal axis of the graph (350) represents the gate-source voltage (VGS) of the first transistor (301), and the vertical axis of the graph (350) represents the current (Id) provided to the light-emitting element (300).

[0092] For example, line (351) of graph (350) represents a case where the first scan (or the address scan) is performed, line (352) represents a case where the second scan is performed according to a third signal (313) applied four times, line (353) represents a case where the second scan is performed according to a third signal (313) applied twice, and line (354) represents a case where the second scan is performed according to a third signal (313) applied once. The shape of each of lines (351, 352, 353, 354) may be determined (or formed, shifted) according to temperature, which is determined according to a cause such as illuminance or brightness. Hereinafter, it is assumed that the first scan is performed according to 120 Hz, and the second scan is performed according to 1 Hz.

[0093] Graphs (361, 362, 363) may represent the luminance of a display panel (or subpixel) according to lines (352, 353, 354). Graph (361) represents the luminance of a display panel when the second scan is performed according to the first scan and the third signal (313) applied four times as exemplified in line (352). Graph (362) represents the luminance of a display panel when the second scan is performed according to the first scan and the third signal (313) applied twice as exemplified in line (353). Graph (363) represents the luminance of a display panel when the second scan is performed according to the first scan and the third signal (313) applied once as exemplified in line (354).

[0094] Referring to graph (361), the luminance of the display panel can be determined based on the luminance value (361a) according to the first scan. The luminance of the display panel can be determined based on the luminance value (361b) changed from the luminance value (361a) according to the second scan according to the third signal (313) applied four times after the first scan.

[0095] Referring to graph (362), the luminance of the display panel can be determined based on the luminance value (362a) according to the first scan. The luminance value (362a) can substantially correspond to the luminance value (361a). The luminance of the display panel can be determined based on the luminance value (362b) changed from the luminance value (362a) according to the second scan according to the third signal (313) applied twice after the first scan.

[0096] Referring to graph (363), the luminance of the display panel can be determined based on the luminance value (363a) according to the first scan. The luminance value (363a) can substantially correspond to the luminance value (362a) (or the luminance value (361a)). The luminance of the display panel can be determined based on the luminance value (363b) changed from the luminance value (363a) according to the second scan according to the third signal (313) applied once after the first scan.

[0097] Referring to graphs (361, 362, 363), an increase in the number of times the third signal (313) is applied may indicate an increase in the frequency (or clock frequency) of the third signal (313). As the frequency of the third signal (313) increases, the compensation period of the bias voltage (Vbias) may become shorter. For example, the compensation period of graph (361) may be about 2.1 ms (1 / 480 Hz), the compensation period of graph (362) may be about 4.2 ms (1 / 240 Hz), and the compensation period of graph (363) may be about 8.3 ms (1 / 120 Hz). Since the compensation period becomes shorter as the number of times the third signal (313) is provided increases, the discharging of the storage capacitor (309) and the brightness change caused by the first transistor (301) may be minimized. Accordingly, the problem of flickering being perceived in the display panel when the display panel is being driven at low speed and when the display panel performs a transition between low speed driving and high speed driving can be reduced. In other words, the VRR characteristics of the display panel can be improved.

[0098] Referring to FIGS. 3B to 3D , the characteristics of the display panel can be improved by adjusting the number of times signals (or clock signals) used in the subpixels are applied. However, a trade-off relationship may exist between the S / E and VRR improved by adjusting the number of times applied. For example, as the number of times the first signal (311) is applied is increased to improve the S / E characteristics of the display panel, the VRR characteristics of the display panel may deteriorate. Alternatively, for example, as the number of times the third signal (313) is applied is increased to improve the VRR characteristics of the display panel, the S / E characteristics of the display panel may deteriorate. Specific details related thereto are described below with reference to FIGS. 4A and 4B .

[0099] Fig. 4a illustrates an example of a graph showing the relationship between a signal for initializing a first transistor of a subpixel and the VRR of a display panel. Fig. 4b illustrates an example of graphs showing the relationship between a signal for initializing a light-emitting element of a subpixel and the S / E of a display panel.

[0100] FIG. 4A illustrates a graph (400) showing the relationship between a signal (e.g., a first signal (311)) for initializing the first transistor (301) of FIG. 3A and the VRR of the display panel.

[0101] The graph (400) represents the relationship between the gate-source voltage (VGS) of the first transistor (301) and the current (Id) (317) provided (or applied) to the light-emitting element (300) (or the current flowing from the drain electrode to the source electrode of the first transistor (301). The horizontal axis of the graph (400) represents the gate-source voltage (VGS) of the first transistor (301), and the vertical axis of the graph (400) represents the current (Id) provided to the light-emitting element (300).

[0102] In the graph (400), line (401) represents the case of the second scan performed without application of the first signal (311), line (402) represents the case of the first scan performed according to the first signal (311) applied once, line (403) represents the case of the first scan performed according to the first signal (311) applied twice, and line (404) represents the case of the first scan performed according to the first signal (311) applied three times.

[0103] Referring to the graph (400), at the same data voltage (Vdata) (or gate-source voltage (VGS)), the lower the difference between the luminance according to the first scan and the luminance according to the second scan, the less flicker may be recognized. In other words, the lower the difference between the luminance according to the first scan and the luminance according to the second scan, the more VRR may be improved. However, as the number of times the first signal (311) is applied increases, the difference between the luminance according to the first scan and the luminance according to the second scan may increase. For example, at the voltage value (410), the difference between the luminance value (421) of line (401) and the luminance value (423) of line (403) may be greater than the difference between the luminance value (421) of line (401) and the luminance value (422) of line (402). For example, in the voltage value (410), the difference between the luminance value (421) of line (401) and the luminance value (424) of line (404) may be greater than the difference between the luminance value (421) of line (401) and the luminance value (423) of line (403).

[0104] As described above, as the number of times (or clock counts) that the first signal (311) is applied increases, the difference in luminance between the first scan and the second scan increases, and thus the VRR characteristic may be weakened. Referring to FIGS. 3C and 4A, as the number of times that the first signal (311) is applied increases, the S / E characteristic may be improved, but the VRR characteristic may be weakened.

[0105] FIG. 4b shows graphs (440, 450, 460) showing the relationship between a signal (e.g., third signal (313)) for initializing the light-emitting element (300) of FIG. 3a and the S / E of the display panel.

[0106] Graph (440) represents the voltage applied to the light emitting element (300) according to the third signal (313) applied once (or the anode voltage (Vanode) applied to the anode of the light emitting element (300). Graph (450) represents the voltage applied to the light emitting element (300) according to the third signal (313) applied twice (or the anode voltage (Vanode) applied to the anode of the light emitting element (300). Graph (460) represents the voltage applied to the light emitting element (300) according to the third signal (313) applied four times (or the anode voltage (Vanode) applied to the anode of the light emitting element (300). The horizontal axis of each of the graphs (440, 450, 460) represents time, and the vertical axis represents the anode voltage (Vanode). Referring to graphs (440, 450, 460), the voltage value (430a) may represent the second initialization voltage (Vint2) (319) of FIG. 3A (or the voltage level of the second initialization voltage (Vint2) (319)). For example, the voltage level may be referred to as magnitude, voltage magnitude, voltage value, or voltage. Additionally, the voltage value (430b) may represent a target voltage level.

[0107] Referring to graph (440), the anode voltage can be initialized to voltage level (430a) at timing (441) according to the third signal (313) applied once. After timing (441), the light emitting element (300) can be recharged to voltage level (430b).

[0108] Referring to graph (450), the anode voltage can be initialized to voltage level (430a) at timing (451) according to the second applied third signal (313). After timing (451), the light emitting element (300) can be recharged to voltage level (430b). In addition, the anode voltage can be initialized to voltage level (430a) at timing (452) according to the second applied third signal (313). After timing (452), the light emitting element (300) can be recharged to voltage level (430b).

[0109] Referring to graph (460), the anode voltage may be initialized to voltage level (430a) at timing (461) according to the third signal (313) applied four times. After timing (461), the light emitting element (300) may be recharged to voltage level (430b). In addition, the anode voltage may be initialized to voltage level (430a) at timing (462) according to the third signal (313) applied four times. After timing (462), the light emitting element (300) may be recharged to voltage level (430b). In addition, the anode voltage may be initialized to voltage level (430a) at timing (463) according to the third signal (313) applied four times. After timing (463), the light emitting element (300) may be recharged to voltage level (430b). Additionally, the anode voltage can be initialized to the voltage level (430a) at timing (464) according to the third signal (313) applied four times. After timing (464), the light emitting element (300) can be recharged to the voltage level (430b).

[0110] When the anode voltage (Vanode) of the light-emitting element (300) performs initialization and charging, the amount of light emitted per pixel (or subpixel) may be slightly different due to differences in the efficiency of the organic material (or organic substance) and the characteristics of the transistor. As the number of times the third signal (313) is applied increases, the number of times the anode voltage (Vanode) performs initialization and charging may also increase. Therefore, as the dispersion (or distribution, difference) of the amount of light emitted per pixel increases, the characteristics of the display panel may deteriorate at low brightness. In addition, as the number of times the anode voltage (Vanode) performs initialization and charging increases, the S / E characteristics may also deteriorate. Referring to FIGS. 3d and 4b, within one frame, as the number of times (or frequency) that the second initialization voltage (Vint2) (319) is applied increases, the hysteresis of the first transistor (301) is supplemented, so the VRR characteristics are improved, but the S / E characteristics may be deteriorated.

[0111] Referring to FIGS. 3A to 4B, the electronic device (101) can adjust (or tune) the characteristics of the display panel by adjusting the number of times (or application times, clock times) that signals used in each subpixel of the display panel are applied. However, the number of times that the signals are applied can be determined for each frame. The length of one frame can correspond to the time interval of the vertical synchronization signal.

[0112] Hereinafter, the electronic device and method according to the present disclosure can adjust the time period of signals (or clock signals) used in sub-pixels by using a gate driver, or adjust the voltage level of voltages (or initialization voltages) applied to sub-pixels. For example, the time period of the signal can be referred to as the amplitude (width) of the signal. For example, the display driving circuit (e.g., DDI (230) of FIG. 2) of the electronic device (101) can be configured to adjust the time period and the voltage level. For example, the display driving circuit can adjust the time period by using the gate driver (or gate driver IC) included in the display driving circuit. For example, the display driving circuit can adjust the first initialization voltage (Vint1) (318) and / or the second initialization voltage (Vint2) (319).

[0113] The electronic device and method according to the present disclosure can adjust the time period and the voltage level not only for each frame, but also within the time period of a horizontal synchronization signal included in the frame. For example, the vertical synchronization signal can include a plurality of horizontal synchronization signals. In other words, the time period of the vertical synchronization signal can include the time periods of the plurality of horizontal synchronization signals. Specific details regarding the voltage level adjusted within the time period of the horizontal synchronization signal can be exemplified in FIG. 6. Specific details regarding the time period adjusted within the time period of the horizontal synchronization signal can be exemplified in FIG. 7. Specific details regarding the voltage level adjusted within the time period of the vertical synchronization signal (or frame) can be exemplified in FIG. 8. Specific details regarding the time period adjusted within the time period of the vertical synchronization signal (or frame) can be exemplified in FIG. 9. In addition, specific details regarding the adjustment of both the time period and the voltage level can be exemplified in FIG. 10A and FIG. 10B below.

[0114] The electronic device and method according to the present disclosure can adjust the time period and the voltage level on a frame-by-frame basis or within a time interval of a horizontal synchronization signal, if a criterion is satisfied. For example, the criterion may be related to at least one of a change in the gradation of an image to be displayed on a display panel, a change in the temperature of the display panel, or a change in the illuminance outside the display panel or the luminance of the display panel.

[0115] Figure 5 illustrates an example of a gate driver IC (integrated circuit) within a display driving circuit that controls sub-pixels of a display panel.

[0116] FIG. 5 illustrates an example (500) of a display panel (510) and driver ICs (520, 530) included in an electronic device (101). The driver ICs (520, 530) connected to the display panel (510) of the example (500) may be included in the DDI (230) of FIG. 2. For example, the driver ICs (520, 530) may include a source driver IC (520) and a gate driver IC (530). In the example (500), for convenience of explanation, the display panel (510) is illustrated with the driver ICs (520, 530) included in the DDI (230) and the driver ICs (520, 530) connected to the driver ICs, but the present disclosure is not limited thereto. For example, DDI (230) may further include components such as a timing controller, GRAM, and light emitting driver in addition to driver ICs (520, 530).

[0117] For example, the source driver IC (520) may be used to provide a data voltage to be applied to a driving transistor of each sub-pixel (e.g., the first transistor (301) of FIG. 3A). For example, the source driver (520) may be used to provide the data voltage corresponding to a specific gradation within the gradation that the sub-pixels of the display panel can implement. For example, depending on the magnitude of the data voltage, the gradation implemented by each of the sub-pixels may be changed. For example, the gate driver IC (530) may be used to provide a gate voltage to the display panel. The gate voltage may include a voltage for driving (e.g., turning on / off) a transistor included in a sub-pixel.

[0118] Referring to FIG. 5, the gate driver IC (530) may determine the timing (or clock timing) of signals (or clock signals) to be used in the sub-pixels. For example, the gate driver IC (530) may include a transmission line for providing an FLM (540) indicating the start of a clock for the sub-pixel lines of the display panel, transmission lines for providing a plurality of clocks (CLK1 (541), CLK2 (542)), and a block associated with each sub-pixel line. Each of the sub-pixel lines may include sub-pixels on a horizontal line of the display panel.

[0119] For example, the FLM (540) can indicate the start time (or start timing) of one frame (or time section of a vertical synchronization signal). In addition, the FLM (540) can indicate the start timing of the time section of the first horizontal synchronization signal among the one frame. In the example (500), the first horizontal synchronization signal can be associated with a first sub-pixel line. For example, the gate driver IC (530) can provide the FLM (540), CLK1 (541), and CLK2 (542) to the block (531) associated with the first sub-pixel line. Accordingly, the output (551) of the block (531) can determine the timing of the signal to be used in the first sub-pixel line. Additionally, the gate driver IC (530) can provide CLK1 (541), CLK2 (542), and the output (551) of the block (531) to the block (532) associated with the second sub-pixel line. Accordingly, the output (552) of the block (532) can determine the timing of the signal to be used in the second sub-pixel line. Additionally, the gate driver IC (530) can provide CLK1 (541), CLK2 (542), and the output (552) of the block (532) to the block (533) associated with the third sub-pixel line. Accordingly, the output (553) of the block (533) can determine the timing of the signal to be used in the third sub-pixel line. Additionally, the gate driver IC (530) can provide the outputs of CLK1 (541), CLK2 (542), and the n-1th block to the block (534) associated with the nth sub-pixel line. Accordingly, the output (554) of the block (534) can determine the timing of a signal to be used in the nth sub-pixel line. For example, the display panel (510) can include n sub-pixel lines.

[0120] As described above, the electronic device (101) (or DDI (230)) can adjust the time period (or amplitude) of a signal to be used in each sub-pixel by adjusting the FLM (540) using the gate driver IC (530). For example, the DDI (230) can adjust the timing of a signal output from each block of the gate driver IC (530) by adjusting the FLM (540), CLK1 (541), and CLK2 (542), thereby adjusting the time period (or amplitude) of a signal to be used in each sub-pixel. The electronic device and method according to the present disclosure can adjust the time period (or amplitude) not only on a frame-by-frame basis, but also within a time section of a horizontal synchronization signal.

[0121] In addition, although not illustrated in FIG. 5, the electronic device (101) can adjust the voltage level of the voltage to be used in each sub-pixel. For example, the display driving circuit (e.g., DDI (230)) can adjust the voltage level of the initialization voltages (e.g., the first initialization voltage (Vint1) (318) and the second initialization voltage (Vint2) (319) of FIG. 3A). The electronic device and method according to the present disclosure can adjust the voltage level (or voltage) not only on a frame-by-frame basis, but also within the time interval of the horizontal synchronization signal.

[0122] For example, the display driving circuit may determine whether a criterion for adjusting a time period (or amplitude) of a signal and / or a voltage level (e.g., an initialization voltage) to be applied (or provided) to each sub-pixel within a display panel (e.g., the display (210) of FIG. 2) is satisfied. For example, the criterion may be related to at least one of a grayscale of an image to be displayed, a temperature of the electronic device (101) (or the display panel, the sub-pixel, or the organic material of the sub-pixel), illuminance outside the display panel, a luminance of the display panel, a change in data for an image to be displayed on the display panel, a change in a state of the electronic device (101) (or a change in a form factor).

[0123] For example, the criterion may include that the difference between the grayscale of an image provided from at least one processor (e.g., processor (120) of FIG. 1) and the grayscale of a previously acquired (or displayed) image is greater than or equal to the reference difference. As a non-limiting example, if a white image to be displayed in a current frame is provided after a black image was displayed in a previous frame, or a black image to be displayed in a frame is provided after a white image was displayed in a previous frame, the display driving circuit may determine that the criterion is satisfied. For example, if the criterion is satisfied, the display driving circuit may adjust a time period (or amplitude) and / or a voltage level of a voltage (e.g., an initialization voltage).

[0124] For example, the criterion may include that the temperature of the display panel (or electronic device (101)) changes from a first reference range to a second reference range. For example, the display panel may change characteristics of transistors and organic materials depending on the temperature. As a non-limiting example, the temperature may be distinguished into a reference range indicating a relatively low temperature, a reference range indicating a relatively high temperature, and a reference range indicating between the low temperature and the high temperature. Accordingly, the display driving circuit may sense the temperature of the display panel in real time using a device (e.g., a temperature sensor) within the display panel, and determine that the criterion is satisfied when the reference range of the sensed temperature changes. For example, the display driving circuit may adjust a time period (or amplitude) and / or a voltage level (e.g., an initialization voltage) when the criterion is satisfied.

[0125] For example, the criterion may include a change in the brightness of the display panel. For example, the display driving circuit may adjust the brightness of the display panel as the illuminance outside the display panel (or outside the electronic device (101)) changes. Or, for example, the display driving circuit may adjust the brightness of the display panel according to a user setting. For example, when the brightness is adjusted, the efficiency of the organic material according to the color (e.g., R, G, B) of the subpixel of the display panel may be different. Accordingly, the display driving circuit may determine that the criterion is satisfied when the brightness changes in order to similarly adjust the efficiency between the organic materials. For example, the display driving circuit may adjust the time period (or amplitude) and / or the voltage level of the voltage (e.g., the initialization voltage) when the criterion is satisfied.

[0126] For example, the criterion may include that the change in the data for the image to be displayed on the display panel includes a change in the data for the image to be displayed from the data for the image currently being displayed. For example, the display driving circuit may determine that the criterion is satisfied when the data for the image to be displayed on the display panel changes by a reference change amount or more from the data for the image currently being displayed. For example, the display driving circuit may adjust the time period (or amplitude) and / or the voltage level (e.g., the initialization voltage) when the criterion is satisfied.

[0127] For example, the criterion may include a change in the state (or form factor) of the electronic device (101). For example, the display driving circuit may determine that the criterion is satisfied when the size of the display area (or active area, image display portion) of the display panel, which is a flexible display, changes by more than a reference size when the electronic device (101) is a rollable electronic device (or a foldable electronic device, a multi-foldable electronic device). For example, the change in the size of the display area may include reduction or expansion. For example, the display driving circuit may adjust a time period (or amplitude) and / or a voltage level (e.g., an initialization voltage) when the criterion is satisfied.

[0128] In the above example, the display driving circuit is described as using each of the grayscale, the temperature, and the luminance as separate factors to determine whether the criterion is satisfied, but the present disclosure is not limited thereto. For example, the display driving circuit may determine whether the criterion is satisfied by combining or mixing at least some of the factors of the criterion (e.g., grayscale, temperature, luminance).

[0129] In the above examples, the display driver circuit is described as directly determining whether the criterion is satisfied, but the present disclosure is not limited thereto. For example, at least one processor connected to the display driver circuit may determine whether the criterion is satisfied, and, if the criterion is satisfied, provide a command to the display driver circuit for adjusting the voltage level of the time period (or amplitude) and / or voltage (e.g., initialization voltage). For example, the command may cause the display driver circuit to perform the adjustment of the voltage level of the time period (or amplitude) and / or voltage (e.g., initialization voltage).

[0130] For example, the display driving circuit may adjust the time period and / or the voltage level within a time interval of a frame and / or a horizontal synchronization signal, if the above criteria are satisfied or if the criteria are not satisfied but are preset. Examples of such adjustments are described below in FIGS. 6 to 10B.

[0131] Figure 6 illustrates an example of a method for adjusting the initialization voltage of a subpixel within a time interval of a horizontal synchronization signal.

[0132] FIG. 6 illustrates an example (600) of adjusting an initialization voltage of a sub-pixel within a time interval (e.g., 1H) of one horizontal synchronization signal (e.g., 1 Hsync). Although example (600) illustrates an example of adjusting the initialization voltage for one sub-pixel of a display panel (e.g., display (210) of FIG. 2), the present disclosure is not limited thereto. For example, a display driving circuit (e.g., DDI (230) of FIG. 2) can perform an adjustment such as example (600) for each of a plurality of sub-pixels within the display panel.

[0133] Referring to example (600), the display driving circuit can perform the first scan within the time period (607-1) before the light emitting signal (315) is transmitted to each of the gate electrode (G) of the sixth transistor (306) and the gate electrode (G) of the seventh transistor (307) within the time period (609-1).

[0134] For example, the time interval (607-1) may be included in the time interval of the horizontal synchronization signal. For example, the time interval (607-1) and the time interval (609-1) may be included in the time interval (605-1) of the vertical synchronization signal. For example, the time interval (605-1) of the vertical synchronization signal may be defined based on the time length between the timings at which the TE (tearing effect) signal (601) changes to a first state (e.g., a high state). For example, the time interval (605-1) of the vertical synchronization signal may be referenced as one frame.

[0135] For example, the display driving circuit can provide a first signal (311) to the gate electrode (G) of the second transistor (302) within a time period (611). For example, providing the first signal (311) can include transmitting the first signal (311) in the first state (e.g., a high state). For example, the display driving circuit can change the state of the first signal (311) from a second state (e.g., a low state) to the first state at a start time (or start timing) of the time period (611). For example, the display driving circuit can initialize the gate electrode (G) of the first transistor (301) based on providing a first initialization voltage (Vint1) (318) to the gate electrode (G) of the first transistor (301) within a time period (651) by maintaining the state of the first signal (311) in the first state during the time period (611). For example, providing the first initialization voltage (Vint1) (318) may include applying the first initialization voltage (Vint1) (318) of the second state. For example, the time period (651) may correspond to (or be synchronized with) the time period (611). For example, the display driving circuit can change the state of the first initialization voltage (Vint1) (318) from the first state to the second state at a start time (or start timing) of the time period (651). The voltage level of the first initialization voltage (Vint1) (318) of the time period (651) may have a voltage level (651a) (or a size (651a)). For example, the display driving circuit may change the state of the first signal (311) from the first state to the second state at the end time (or end timing) of the time period (611).For example, providing a first initialization voltage (Vint1) (318) to the gate electrode (G) of the first transistor (301) may be interrupted by changing the state of the first signal (311) from the first state to the second state.

[0136] For example, the display driving circuit can provide the second signal (312) to the gate electrode (G) of the third transistor (303) within a time period (621). For example, providing the second signal (312) may include transmitting the second signal (312) in the first state (e.g., a high state). For example, the display driving circuit can change the state of the second signal (312) from the second state (e.g., a low state) to the first state at a start time (or start timing) of the time period (621). For example, the start time of the time period (621) may be after the end time of the time period (611). For example, the display driving circuit can electrically connect the gate electrode (G) of the first transistor (301) to the drain electrode (D) of the first transistor (301) via the third transistor (303) during the time period (621) by maintaining the state of the second signal (312) in the first state during the time period (621) from the start time of the time period (621). For example, the display driving circuit can change the state of the second signal (312) from the first state to the second state at the end time of the time period (621). Electrically connecting the gate electrode (G) of the first transistor (301) to the drain electrode (D) of the first transistor (301) via the third transistor (303) can be stopped by changing the state of the second signal (312) from the first state to the second state.

[0137] For example, the display driving circuit can provide a third signal (313) to the gate electrode (G) of the fourth transistor (304). For example, providing the third signal (313) may include transmitting the third signal (313) in the second state. For example, the display driving circuit can change the state of the third signal (313) transmitted to the gate electrode (G) of the fourth transistor (304) from the first state to the second state at the start time (or start timing) of a time period (631). For example, the display driving circuit can provide a second initialization voltage (Vint2) (319) to the anode electrode of the light emitting element (300) during a time period (661) by maintaining the state of the third signal (313) in the second state during a time period (631) from the start time of the time period (631). For example, the time period (661) may correspond to (or be synchronized with) the time period (631). For example, the display driving circuit may initialize the anode electrode of the light emitting element (300) by providing a second initialization voltage (Vint2) (319) to the anode electrode of the light emitting element (300) during the time period (661). For example, the display driving circuit may change the state of the third signal (313) from the second state to the first state at the end time (or end timing) of the time period (631). Providing the second initialization voltage (Vint2) (319) to the anode electrode of the light emitting element (300) may be stopped by changing the state of the third signal (313) from the second state to the first state.

[0138] For example, the display driving circuit can adjust the voltage level (or magnitude) of the second initialization voltage (Vint2) (319) to be provided within a time period (661) to fine-tune the characteristics (e.g., S / E and VRR) of the display panel. As a non-limiting example, the display driving circuit can adjust the voltage level (or magnitude) of the second initialization voltage (Vint2) (319) when a criterion is satisfied. For example, the voltage level (or magnitude) of the second initialization voltage (Vint2) (319) can be adjusted from a voltage level (661a) to a voltage level (661b). For example, the adjusted voltage level (661b) can be lower than the voltage level (661a) before being adjusted.

[0139] Although not shown in FIG. 6, the display driving circuit can provide a third signal (313) to the gate electrode (G) of the eighth transistor (308). For example, providing the third signal (313) may include transmitting the third signal (313) in the second state. For example, the display driving circuit can change the state of the third signal (313) from the first state to the second state at a start time (or start timing) of a time period (631). For example, the display driving circuit can provide a bias voltage (Vbias) to the source electrode (S) of the first transistor (301) during the time period (631) by maintaining the state of the third signal (313) in the second state during a time period (631) from the start time of the time period (631). For example, the display driving circuit may provide a bias voltage (Vbias) to the source electrode (S) of the first transistor (301) during a time period (621) during which the state of the second signal (312) is maintained in the first state. For example, the time period (631) may correspond to (or be synchronized with) the time period (621). For example, the display driving circuit may provide a bias voltage (Vbias) to the source electrode (S) of the first transistor (301) during the time period (631) so that a current from the source electrode (S) of the first transistor (301) to the drain electrode (D) of the first transistor (301) flows to the storage capacitor (309) through the third transistor (303). For example, the display driving circuit can adjust the threshold voltage of the first transistor (301) by providing a bias voltage (Vbias) to the source electrode (S) of the first transistor (301) for a time period (631).For example, the display driving circuit can change the state of the third signal (313) from the second state to the first state at the end time (or end timing) of the time period (631). Providing the bias voltage (Vbias) to the source electrode (S) of the first transistor (301) can be stopped by changing the state of the third signal (313) from the second state to the first state.

[0140] For example, the display driving circuit can provide the first signal (311) to the gate electrode (G) of the second transistor (302) again within a time period (612). For example, providing the first signal (311) may include transmitting the first signal (311) in the first state (e.g., a high state). For example, the display driving circuit can change the state of the first signal (311) from a second state (e.g., a low state) to the first state at a start time (or start timing) of the time period (612). For example, the display driving circuit can initialize the gate electrode (G) of the first transistor (301) based on providing a first initialization voltage (Vint1) (318) to the gate electrode (G) of the first transistor (301) within a time period (652) by maintaining the state of the first signal (311) in the first state for a time period (612). For example, providing the first initialization voltage (Vint1) (318) may include applying the first initialization voltage (Vint1) (318) of the second state. For example, the time period (652) may correspond to (or be synchronized with) the time period (612). For example, the display driving circuit can change the state of the first initialization voltage (Vint1) (318) from the first state to the second state at a start time (or start timing) of the time period (652). The voltage level of the first initialization voltage (Vint1) (318) of the time period (652) may have a voltage level (652a) (or a magnitude (652a)). For example, the voltage level (652a) (or a magnitude (652a)) of the time period (652) may be lower than the voltage level (651a) (or a magnitude (651a)) of the time period (651).For example, the display driving circuit can adjust the voltage level of the first initialization voltage (Vint1) (318) from the voltage level (651a) to the voltage level (652a) within the time period (607-1) to fine-tune the characteristics (e.g., S / E and VRR) of the display panel. For example, the display driving circuit can change the state of the first signal (311) from the first state to the second state at the end time (or end timing) of the time period (612). For example, providing the first initialization voltage (Vint1) (318) to the gate electrode (G) of the first transistor (301) can be stopped by changing the state of the first signal (311) from the first state to the second state.

[0141] In FIG. 6, an example (600) is shown in which the number of times the third signal (313) is applied (e.g., the number of time periods during which the state of the third signal (313) is maintained in the first state) is 1, but the present disclosure is not limited thereto. For example, the number of times the third signal (313) is applied may be plural. Accordingly, the number of times the second initialization voltage (Vint2) (319) is applied may also be plural. As a non-limiting example, when the second initialization voltage (Vint2) (319) is applied in a plurality of time periods, the voltage level of the second initialization voltage (Vint2) (319) in a specific time period may be different from the voltage level of the second initialization voltage (Vint2) (319) in another time period, like the first initialization voltage (Vint1) (318).

[0142] For example, the display driving circuit can provide the second signal (312) to the gate electrode (G) of the third transistor (303) again within a time period (622). For example, providing the second signal (312) may include transmitting the second signal (312) in the first state (e.g., a high state). For example, the display driving circuit can change the state of the second signal (312) from the second state (e.g., a low state) to the first state at a start time (or start timing) of the time period (622). For example, the start time of the time period (622) may be after the end time of the time period (612). For example, the display driving circuit can electrically connect the gate electrode (G) of the first transistor (301) to the drain electrode (D) of the first transistor (301) via the third transistor (303) during the time period (622) by maintaining the state of the second signal (312) in the first state during the time period (622). For example, the display driving circuit can change the state of the second signal (312) from the first state to the second state at the end time of the time period (622). Electrically connecting the gate electrode (G) of the first transistor (301) to the drain electrode (D) of the first transistor (301) via the third transistor (303) can be stopped by changing the state of the second signal (312) from the first state to the second state.

[0143] For example, the display driving circuit may provide a fourth signal (314) to the gate electrode (G) of the first transistor (301). For example, providing the fourth signal (314) may include transmitting the fourth signal (314) in the second state. For example, the display driving circuit may change the state of the fourth signal (314) transmitted to the gate electrode (G) of the first transistor (301) from the first state to the second state at a start time (or start timing) of a time period (641). For example, the time period (641) may correspond to (or be synchronized with) a time period (622). For example, the display driving circuit can provide a data voltage (Vdata) (603) to the gate electrode (G) of the first transistor (301) initialized according to the first signal (311) in the first state transmitted during a time period (612) by maintaining the state of the fourth signal (314) in the second state during a time period (641). For example, providing the data voltage (Vdata) (603) to the gate electrode (G) of the first transistor (301) can be performed (or executed) during a time period (671). For example, providing the data voltage (Vdata) (603) to the gate electrode (G) of the first transistor (301) can be performed during a time period (622) during which the state of the second signal (312) is maintained in the first state. For example, the time period (671) can correspond to (or be synchronized with) the time period (622). For example, providing a data voltage (Vdata) (603) to the gate electrode (G) of the first transistor (301) can be performed while the gate electrode (G) of the first transistor (301) is electrically connected to the drain electrode (D) of the first transistor (301) according to the second signal (312) within the first state.For example, the display driving circuit can change the state of the fourth signal (314) from the second state to the first state at the end time (or end timing) of the time period (622). Providing the data voltage (Vdata) (603) to the gate electrode (G) of the first transistor (301) can be stopped by changing the state of the fourth signal (314) from the second state to the first state.

[0144] For example, the display driving circuit can provide a current (e.g., current (317) of FIG. 3A) according to a data voltage (Vdata) (603) to the light emitting element (300), thereby emitting light to display an image acquired from at least one processor (e.g., processor (120)). For example, the display driving circuit can provide a current (317) to the light emitting element (300) by providing a light emitting signal (315) to each of the gate electrode (G) of the sixth transistor (306) and the gate electrode (G) of the seventh transistor (307) within a time period (609-1).

[0145] Referring to FIG. 6, the display driving circuit can adjust the voltage level (or magnitude) of the initialization voltage to be used in the sub-pixel when the above criteria are satisfied or preset. In example (600), the display driving circuit can apply a lower voltage level (652a) during the time period (652) compared to the voltage level (651a) during the time period (651).

[0146] FIG. 7 illustrates an example of a method for adjusting the time duration of a signal used in a subpixel within a time interval of a horizontal synchronization signal.

[0147] FIG. 7 illustrates an example (700) of adjusting the time period of a signal used in a sub-pixel within a time interval (e.g., 1H) of one horizontal synchronization signal (e.g., 1 Hsync). Although example (700) illustrates an example of adjusting the time period of a signal used in one sub-pixel of a display panel (e.g., display (210) of FIG. 2), the present disclosure is not limited thereto. For example, a display driving circuit (e.g., DDI (230) of FIG. 2) can perform an adjustment such as example (700) for each of a plurality of sub-pixels within the display panel.

[0148] Referring to example (700), the display driving circuit can perform the first scan within a time period (707-1) before the light emitting signal (315) is transmitted to each of the gate electrode (G) of the sixth transistor (306) and the gate electrode (G) of the seventh transistor (307) within a time period (709-1).

[0149] For example, the time interval (707-1) may be included in the time interval of the horizontal synchronization signal. For example, the time interval (707-1) and the time interval (709-1) may be included in the time interval (705-1) of the vertical synchronization signal. For example, the time interval (705-1) of the vertical synchronization signal may be defined based on the time length between the timings at which the TE (tearing effect) signal (701) changes to a first state (e.g., a high state). For example, the time interval (705-1) of the vertical synchronization signal may be referenced as one frame.

[0150] For example, the display driving circuit can provide a first signal (311) to the gate electrode (G) of the second transistor (302) within a time period (711). For example, providing the first signal (311) can include transmitting the first signal (311) in the first state (e.g., a high state). For example, the display driving circuit can change the state of the first signal (311) from a second state (e.g., a low state) to the first state at a start time (or start timing) of the time period (711). For example, the display driving circuit can initialize the gate electrode (G) of the first transistor (301) based on providing a first initialization voltage (Vint1) (318) to the gate electrode (G) of the first transistor (301) within a time period (751) by maintaining the state of the first signal (311) in the first state during the time period (711). For example, providing the first initialization voltage (Vint1) (318) may include applying the first initialization voltage (Vint1) (318) of the second state. For example, the time period (751) may correspond to (or be synchronized with) the time period (711). For example, the display driving circuit can change the state of the first initialization voltage (Vint1) (318) from the first state to the second state at a start time (or start timing) of the time period (751). The voltage level of the first initialization voltage (Vint1) (318) of the time period (751) may have a voltage level (751a) (or a size (751a)). For example, the display driving circuit may change the state of the first signal (311) from the first state to the second state at the end time (or end timing) of the time period (711).For example, providing a first initialization voltage (Vint1) (318) to the gate electrode (G) of the first transistor (301) may be interrupted by changing the state of the first signal (311) from the first state to the second state.

[0151] For example, the display driving circuit can provide the second signal (312) to the gate electrode (G) of the third transistor (303) within a time period (721). For example, providing the second signal (312) may include transmitting the second signal (312) in the first state (e.g., a high state). For example, the display driving circuit can change the state of the second signal (312) from the second state (e.g., a low state) to the first state at a start time (or start timing) of the time period (721). For example, the start time of the time period (721) may be after the end time of the time period (711). For example, the display driving circuit can electrically connect the gate electrode (G) of the first transistor (301) to the drain electrode (D) of the first transistor (301) via the third transistor (303) during the time period (721) by maintaining the state of the second signal (312) in the first state during the time period (721). For example, the display driving circuit can change the state of the second signal (312) from the first state to the second state at the end time of the time period (721). Electrically connecting the gate electrode (G) of the first transistor (301) to the drain electrode (D) of the first transistor (301) via the third transistor (303) can be stopped by changing the state of the second signal (312) from the first state to the second state.

[0152] For example, the display driving circuit may provide a third signal (313) to the gate electrode (G) of the fourth transistor (304). For example, providing the third signal (313) may include transmitting the third signal (313) of the second state. For example, the display driving circuit may adjust the time period of the third signal (313) to be provided to the gate electrode (G) of the fourth transistor (304) in order to fine-tune the characteristics (e.g., S / E and VRR) of the display panel. As a non-limiting example, the display driving circuit may adjust the time period of the third signal (313) to be provided to the gate electrode (G) of the fourth transistor (304) when a criterion is satisfied. For example, the display driving circuit may adjust the time period of the third signal (313) from time period (731) to time period (733). As a non-limiting example, the length of the time period (733) may be shorter than the length of the time period (731). For example, the display driving circuit may change the state of the third signal (313) transmitted to the gate electrode (G) of the fourth transistor (304) from the first state to the second state at the start time (or start timing) of the time period (733). For example, the display driving circuit may provide the second initialization voltage (Vint2) (319) to the anode electrode of the light emitting element (300) during the time period (763) by maintaining the state of the third signal (313) in the second state during the time period (733). For example, the time period (763) may be adjusted from the time period (761) as the time period (731) is adjusted to the time period (733). In other words, the time period (763) can correspond to (or be synchronized with) the time period (733).For example, the display driving circuit can initialize the anode electrode of the light emitting element (300) by providing a second initialization voltage (Vint2) (319) to the anode electrode of the light emitting element (300) during a time period (763). For example, the display driving circuit can change the state of the third signal (313) from the second state to the first state at an end time (or end timing) of the time period (733). Providing the second initialization voltage (Vint2) (319) to the anode electrode of the light emitting element (300) can be stopped by changing the state of the third signal (313) from the second state to the first state.

[0153] Although not shown in FIG. 7, the display driving circuit can provide a third signal (313) to the gate electrode (G) of the eighth transistor (308). For example, the display driving circuit can change the state of the third signal (313) from the first state to the second state at the start time (or start timing) of the time period (733). For example, the display driving circuit can provide a bias voltage (Vbias) to the source electrode (S) of the first transistor (301) during the time period (733) by maintaining the state of the third signal (313) in the second state during the time period (733) from the start time of the time period (733). For example, the time period (733) can correspond to (or be synchronized with) the time period (721).

[0154] For example, the display driving circuit may provide the first signal (311) to the gate electrode (G) of the second transistor (302) again. For example, providing the first signal (311) may include transmitting the first signal (311) in the first state (e.g., a high state). For example, the display driving circuit may adjust the time period of the first signal (311) to be provided to the gate electrode (G) of the second transistor (302) to fine-tune the characteristics (e.g., S / E and VRR) of the display panel. As a non-limiting example, the display driving circuit may adjust the time period of the first signal (311) to be provided to the gate electrode (G) of the second transistor (302) when a criterion is satisfied. For example, the display driving circuit can adjust the time period of the first signal (311) from the time period (712) (or the time period (711)) to the time period (713). For example, the length of the time period (712) can be the same as the length of the time period (711). For example, the adjusted time period (713) can be shorter than the time period (711). For example, the display driving circuit can change the state of the first signal (311) from the second state (e.g., the low state) to the first state at the start time (or start timing) of the time period (713). For example, the display driving circuit can initialize the gate electrode (G) of the first transistor (301) based on providing the first initialization voltage (Vint1) (318) to the gate electrode (G) of the first transistor (301) within the time period (753) by maintaining the state of the first signal (311) in the first state for the time period (713). For example, the time period (753) can be adjusted from the time period (752) as the time period (712) is adjusted to the time period (713).In other words, the time period (753) can correspond to (or be synchronized with) the time period (713). For example, providing the first initialization voltage (Vint1) (318) can include applying the first initialization voltage (Vint1) (318) of the second state. For example, the display driving circuit can change the state of the first initialization voltage (Vint1) (318) from the first state to the second state at the start time (or start timing) of the time period (753). The voltage level of the first initialization voltage (Vint1) (318) of the time period (753) can have a voltage level (752a) (or magnitude (752a)). For example, the voltage level (752a) (or magnitude (752a)) of the time period (753) may correspond to the voltage level (751a) (or magnitude (751a)) of the time period (751). For example, the display driving circuit may change the state of the first signal (311) from the first state to the second state at the end time (or end timing) of the time period (713). For example, providing the first initialization voltage (Vint1) (318) to the gate electrode (G) of the first transistor (301) may be stopped by changing the state of the first signal (311) from the first state to the second state.

[0155] In FIG. 7, an example (700) is shown in which the number of times the third signal (313) is applied (e.g., the number of time periods during which the state of the third signal (313) is maintained in the second state) is 1, but the present disclosure is not limited thereto. For example, the number of times the third signal (313) is applied may be plural. Similar to the time periods (711, 713) of the first signal (311), with respect to the third signal (313) applied in time periods within the time period (707-1), the length of a specific time period of the third signal (313) may be different from the length of another time period of the third signal (313).

[0156] For example, the display driving circuit may provide the second signal (312) to the gate electrode (G) of the third transistor (303). For example, providing the second signal (312) may include transmitting the second signal (312) in the first state (e.g., a high state). For example, the display driving circuit may adjust the time period of the second signal (312) to be provided to the gate electrode (G) of the third transistor (303) to fine-tune the characteristics (e.g., S / E and VRR) of the display panel. As a non-limiting example, the display driving circuit may adjust the time period of the second signal (312) to be provided to the gate electrode (G) of the third transistor (303) when a criterion is satisfied. For example, the display driving circuit can adjust the time period of the second signal (312) from the time period (722) (or the time period (721)) to the time period (723). For example, the length of the time period (722) can be the same as the length of the time period (721). For example, the adjusted time period (723) can be shorter than the time period (721). For example, the display driving circuit can change the state of the second signal (312) from the second state (e.g., a low state) to the first state at the start time (or start timing) of the time period (723). For example, the start time of the time period (723) can be after the end time of the time period (713). For example, the display driving circuit can electrically connect the gate electrode (G) of the first transistor (301) to the drain electrode (D) of the first transistor (301) through the third transistor (303) during the time period (723) by maintaining the state of the second signal (312) in the first state during the time period (723) from the start time of the time period (723).For example, the display driving circuit can change the state of the second signal (312) from the first state to the second state at the end time of the time period (723). Electrically connecting the gate electrode (G) of the first transistor (301) to the drain electrode (D) of the first transistor (301) via the third transistor (303) can be stopped by changing the state of the second signal (312) from the first state to the second state.

[0157] For example, the display driving circuit may provide a fourth signal (314) to the gate electrode (G) of the first transistor (301). For example, providing the fourth signal (314) may include transmitting the fourth signal (314) of the second state. For example, the display driving circuit may adjust a time period of the fourth signal (314) to be provided to the gate electrode (G) of the first transistor (301) to fine-tune characteristics (e.g., S / E and VRR) of the display panel. As a non-limiting example, the display driving circuit may adjust a time period of the fourth signal (314) to be provided to the gate electrode (G) of the first transistor (301) when a criterion is satisfied. For example, the display driving circuit may adjust the time period of the fourth signal (314) from time period (741) to time period (743). As a non-limiting example, the length of the time period (743) may be shorter than the length of the time period (741). For example, the display driving circuit may change the state of the fourth signal (314) transmitted to the gate electrode (G) of the first transistor (301) from the first state to the second state at the start time (or start timing) of the time period (743). For example, the time period (743) may correspond to (or be synchronized with) the time period (723). For example, the display driving circuit may provide the data voltage (Vdata) (703) to the gate electrode (G) of the first transistor (301) initialized according to the first signal (311) in the first state transmitted during the time period (713) by maintaining the state of the fourth signal (314) in the second state during the time period (743). For example, providing a data voltage (Vdata) (703) to the gate electrode (G) of the first transistor (301) can be performed (or executed) during a time period (773).For example, the time period (773) during which the data voltage (Vdata) (703) is provided can be adjusted from the time period (771) as the time period (741) is adjusted to the time period (743). For example, providing the data voltage (Vdata) (703) to the gate electrode (G) of the first transistor (301) can be performed during the time period (723) during which the state of the second signal (312) is maintained in the first state. For example, the time period (773) can correspond to (or be synchronized with) the time period (723). For example, providing the data voltage (Vdata) (703) to the gate electrode (G) of the first transistor (301) can be performed while the gate electrode (G) of the first transistor (301) is electrically connected to the drain electrode (D) of the first transistor (301) according to the second signal (312) within the first state. For example, the display driving circuit can change the state of the fourth signal (314) from the second state to the first state at the end time (or end timing) of the time period (743). Providing the data voltage (Vdata) (703) to the gate electrode (G) of the first transistor (301) can be stopped by changing the state of the fourth signal (314) from the second state to the first state.

[0158] For example, the display driving circuit can provide a current (e.g., current (317) of FIG. 3A) according to a data voltage (Vdata) (703) to the light emitting element (300) to emit light for displaying an image obtained from at least one processor (e.g., processor (120)). For example, the display driving circuit can provide a current (317) to the light emitting element (300) by providing a light emitting signal (315) to each of the gate electrode (G) of the sixth transistor (306) and the gate electrode (G) of the seventh transistor (307) within a time period (709-1).

[0159] Referring to FIG. 7, the display driving circuit can adjust the time period (or amplitude) of a signal to be used in a sub-pixel when the above criteria are satisfied or preset. In example (700), the display driving circuit can adjust the time period of the first signal (311) provided within the time period (705-1). For example, the time period (713) of the first signal (311) can be adjusted to be shorter than the time period (711) of the first signal (311). In addition, in example (700), the display driving circuit can adjust the time period of the third signal (313) provided within the time period (705-1). For example, the time period (733) of the third signal (313) can be adjusted to be shorter than the time period (731) of the third signal (313) that was previously set.

[0160] Figure 8 illustrates an example of a method for adjusting the initialization voltage of a sub-pixel for each time interval of a vertical synchronization signal.

[0161] FIG. 8 illustrates an example (800) of adjusting an initialization voltage of a sub-pixel for each time interval (e.g., 1 V or frame) of a vertical synchronization signal (e.g., 1 Vsync). Although example (800) illustrates an example of adjusting the initialization voltage for one sub-pixel of a display panel (e.g., display (210) of FIG. 2), the present disclosure is not limited thereto. For example, a display driving circuit (e.g., DDI (230) of FIG. 2) can perform an adjustment such as example (800) for each of a plurality of sub-pixels within the display panel.

[0162] Referring to example (800), the display driving circuit can perform the first scan within a time period (807-1) before the light emitting signal (315) is transmitted to each of the gate electrode (G) of the sixth transistor (306) and the gate electrode (G) of the seventh transistor (307) within a time period (809-1). The display driving circuit can perform the first scan within a time period (807-2) before the light emitting signal (315) is transmitted to each of the gate electrode (G) of the sixth transistor (306) and the gate electrode (G) of the seventh transistor (307) within a time period (809-2).

[0163] For example, time interval (807-1) may be included in the time interval of the horizontal synchronization signal. For example, time interval (807-1) and time interval (809-1) may be included in the time interval (805-1) of the vertical synchronization signal. For example, time interval (805-1) of the vertical synchronization signal may be defined based on the time length between timings at which the TE (tearing effect) signal (801) changes to a first state (e.g., a high state). For example, time interval (807-2) may be included in the time interval of the horizontal synchronization signal. For example, time interval (807-2) and time interval (809-2) may be included in the time interval (805-2) of the vertical synchronization signal. For example, the time interval (805-2) of the vertical synchronization signal can be defined based on the time length between timings at which the TE (tearing effect) signal (801) changes to a first state (e.g., a high state).

[0164] For example, within a time period (807-1) of a time period (805-1) of a vertical synchronization signal, the display driving circuit may provide a first signal (311) to a gate electrode (G) of a second transistor (302) for a time period (811). For example, providing the first signal (311) may include transmitting the first signal (311) in the first state (e.g., a high state). For example, the display driving circuit may change the state of the first signal (311) from a second state (e.g., a low state) to the first state at a start time (or start timing) of the time period (811). For example, the display driving circuit can initialize the gate electrode (G) of the first transistor (301) based on providing a first initialization voltage (Vint1) (318) to the gate electrode (G) of the first transistor (301) within a time period (851) by maintaining the state of the first signal (311) in the first state during the time period (811). For example, providing the first initialization voltage (Vint1) (318) may include applying the first initialization voltage (Vint1) (318) of the second state. For example, the time period (851) may correspond to (or be synchronized with) the time period (811). For example, the display driving circuit can change the state of the first initialization voltage (Vint1) (318) from the first state to the second state at a start time (or start timing) of the time period (851). The voltage level of the first initialization voltage (Vint1) (318) of the time period (851) may have a voltage level (851a) (or a size (851a)). For example, the display driving circuit may change the state of the first signal (311) from the first state to the second state at the end time (or end timing) of the time period (811).For example, providing a first initialization voltage (Vint1) (318) to the gate electrode (G) of the first transistor (301) may be interrupted by changing the state of the first signal (311) from the first state to the second state.

[0165] For example, the display driving circuit can provide the second signal (312) to the gate electrode (G) of the third transistor (303) within a time period (821). For example, providing the second signal (312) may include transmitting the second signal (312) in the first state (e.g., a high state). For example, the display driving circuit can change the state of the second signal (312) from the second state (e.g., a low state) to the first state at a start time (or start timing) of the time period (821). For example, the start time of the time period (821) may be after the end time of the time period (811). For example, the display driving circuit can electrically connect the gate electrode (G) of the first transistor (301) to the drain electrode (D) of the first transistor (301) via the third transistor (303) during the time period (821) by maintaining the state of the second signal (312) in the first state during the time period (821). For example, the display driving circuit can change the state of the second signal (312) from the first state to the second state at the end time of the time period (821). Electrically connecting the gate electrode (G) of the first transistor (301) to the drain electrode (D) of the first transistor (301) via the third transistor (303) can be stopped by changing the state of the second signal (312) from the first state to the second state.

[0166] For example, the display driving circuit can provide a third signal (313) to the gate electrode (G) of the fourth transistor (304) within a time period (831). For example, providing the third signal (313) may include transmitting the third signal (313) in the second state. For example, the display driving circuit can change the state of the third signal (313) transmitted to the gate electrode (G) of the fourth transistor (304) from the first state to the second state at a start time (or start timing) of the time period (831). For example, the display driving circuit can provide a second initialization voltage (Vint2) (319) to the anode electrode of the light emitting element (300) during a time period (861) by maintaining the state of the third signal (313) in the second state during the time period (831). For example, providing the second initialization voltage (Vint2) (319) may include applying the second initialization voltage (Vint2) (319) of the second state. For example, the time period (861) may correspond to (or be synchronized with) the time period (831). For example, the display driving circuit may initialize the anode electrode of the light emitting element (300) by providing the second initialization voltage (Vint2) (319) to the anode electrode of the light emitting element (300) during the time period (861). The voltage level of the second initialization voltage (Vint2) (319) of the time period (861) may have a voltage level (861a) (or magnitude (861a)). For example, the display driving circuit can change the state of the third signal (313) from the second state to the first state at the end time (or end timing) of the time period (831).Providing the second initialization voltage (Vint2) (319) to the anode electrode of the light emitting element (300) may be interrupted by changing the state of the third signal (313) from the second state to the first state. In the example (800), the voltage level (851a) of the first initialization voltage (Vint1) (318) is exemplified as being the same as the voltage level (861a) of the second initialization voltage (Vint2) (319), but the present disclosure is not limited thereto. As a non-limiting example, the voltage level (851a) may be different from the voltage level (861a).

[0167] Although not shown in FIG. 8, the display driving circuit can provide a third signal (313) to the gate electrode (G) of the eighth transistor (308). For example, the display driving circuit can change the state of the third signal (313) from the first state to the second state at the start time (or start timing) of the time period (831). For example, the display driving circuit can provide a bias voltage (Vbias) to the source electrode (S) of the first transistor (301) during the time period (831) by maintaining the state of the third signal (313) in the second state during the time period (831). For example, the time period (831) can correspond to (or be synchronized with) the time period (821).

[0168] For example, the display driving circuit can provide the first signal (311) to the gate electrode (G) of the second transistor (302) again within a time period (812). For example, providing the first signal (311) can include transmitting the first signal (311) in the first state (e.g., a high state). For example, the display driving circuit can change the state of the first signal (311) from a second state (e.g., a low state) to the first state at a start time (or start timing) of the time period (812). For example, the display driving circuit can initialize the gate electrode (G) of the first transistor (301) based on providing a first initialization voltage (Vint1) (318) to the gate electrode (G) of the first transistor (301) within a time period (852) by maintaining the state of the first signal (311) in the first state for a time period (812). For example, providing the first initialization voltage (Vint1) (318) can include applying the first initialization voltage (Vint1) (318) of the second state. For example, the time period (852) can correspond to (or be synchronized with) the time period (812). For example, the display driving circuit can change the state of the first initialization voltage (Vint1) (318) from the first state to the second state at a start time (or start timing) of the time period (852). The voltage level of the first initialization voltage (Vint1) (318) of the time period (852) may have a voltage level (852a) (or a magnitude (852a)). For example, the voltage level (852a) (or a magnitude (852a)) of the time period (852) may be the same as the voltage level (851a) (or a magnitude (851a)) of the time period (851).For example, the display driving circuit can change the state of the first signal (311) from the first state to the second state at the end time (or end timing) of the time period (812). For example, providing the first initialization voltage (Vint1) (318) to the gate electrode (G) of the first transistor (301) can be stopped by changing the state of the first signal (311) from the first state to the second state.

[0169] For example, the display driving circuit can provide the second signal (312) to the gate electrode (G) of the third transistor (303) again within a time period (822). For example, providing the second signal (312) may include transmitting the second signal (312) in the first state (e.g., a high state). For example, the display driving circuit can change the state of the second signal (312) from the second state (e.g., a low state) to the first state at a start time (or start timing) of the time period (822). For example, the start time of the time period (822) may be after the end time of the time period (812). For example, the display driving circuit can electrically connect the gate electrode (G) of the first transistor (301) to the drain electrode (D) of the first transistor (301) via the third transistor (303) during the time period (822) by maintaining the state of the second signal (312) in the first state during the time period (822). For example, the display driving circuit can change the state of the second signal (312) from the first state to the second state at the end time of the time period (822). Electrically connecting the gate electrode (G) of the first transistor (301) to the drain electrode (D) of the first transistor (301) via the third transistor (303) can be stopped by changing the state of the second signal (312) from the first state to the second state.

[0170] For example, the display driving circuit may provide a fourth signal (314) to the gate electrode (G) of the first transistor (301). For example, providing the fourth signal (314) may include transmitting the fourth signal (314) in the second state. For example, the display driving circuit may change the state of the fourth signal (314) transmitted to the gate electrode (G) of the first transistor (301) from the first state to the second state at a start time (or start timing) of a time period (841). For example, the time period (841) may correspond to (or be synchronized with) the time period (822). For example, the display driving circuit can provide a data voltage (Vdata) (803) to the gate electrode (G) of the first transistor (301) initialized according to the first signal (311) in the first state transmitted during a time period (812) by maintaining the state of the fourth signal (314) in the second state during a time period (841). For example, providing the data voltage (Vdata) (803) to the gate electrode (G) of the first transistor (301) can be performed (or executed) during a time period (871). For example, providing the data voltage (Vdata) (803) to the gate electrode (G) of the first transistor (301) can be performed during a time period (822) during which the state of the second signal (312) is maintained in the first state. For example, the time period (871) can correspond to (or be synchronized with) the time period (822). For example, providing a data voltage (Vdata) (803) to the gate electrode (G) of the first transistor (301) can be performed while the gate electrode (G) of the first transistor (301) is electrically connected to the drain electrode (D) of the first transistor (301) according to the second signal (312) within the first state.For example, the display driving circuit can change the state of the fourth signal (314) from the second state to the first state at the end time (or end timing) of the time period (822). Providing the data voltage (Vdata) (803) to the gate electrode (G) of the first transistor (301) can be stopped by changing the state of the fourth signal (314) from the second state to the first state.

[0171] For example, the display driving circuit can cause the light emitting element (300) to emit light for displaying an image acquired from at least one processor (e.g., the processor (120)) by providing a current (e.g., current (317) of FIG. 3A) according to a data voltage (Vdata) (803) to the light emitting element (300). For example, the display driving circuit can provide the current (317) to the light emitting element (300) by providing a light emitting signal (315) to each of the gate electrode (G) of the sixth transistor (306) and the gate electrode (G) of the seventh transistor (307) within a time period (809-1).

[0172] For example, within a time period (807-2) of a vertical synchronization signal of a time period (805-1) and a time period (805-2) of a next vertical synchronization signal, the display driving circuit may provide a first signal (311) to a gate electrode (G) of a second transistor (302) for a time period (816). For example, providing the first signal (311) may include transmitting the first signal (311) in the first state (e.g., a high state). For example, the length of the time period (816) may be the same as the length of the time period (811). For example, the display driving circuit may change the state of the first signal (311) from a second state (e.g., a low state) to the first state at a start time (or start timing) of the time period (816). For example, the display driving circuit can initialize the gate electrode (G) of the first transistor (301) based on providing a first initialization voltage (Vint1) (318) to the gate electrode (G) of the first transistor (301) within a time period (856) by maintaining the state of the first signal (311) in the first state for a time period (816). For example, providing the first initialization voltage (Vint1) (318) can include applying the first initialization voltage (Vint1) (318) of the second state. For example, the time period (856) can correspond to (or be synchronized with) the time period (816). For example, the display driving circuit can change the state of the first initialization voltage (Vint1) (318) from the first state to the second state at a start time (or start timing) of the time period (856). The voltage level of the first initialization voltage (Vint1) (318) of the time period (856) may have a voltage level (856a) (or size (856a)).For example, the display driving circuit can change the state of the first signal (311) from the first state to the second state at the end time (or end timing) of the time period (816). For example, providing the first initialization voltage (Vint1) (318) to the gate electrode (G) of the first transistor (301) can be stopped by changing the state of the first signal (311) from the first state to the second state.

[0173] For example, the display driver circuit can adjust the voltage level (or magnitude) of the first initialization voltage (Vint1) (318) to be provided within the time period (816) to fine-tune the characteristics (e.g., S / E and VRR) of the display panel. As a non-limiting example, the display driver circuit can adjust the voltage level (or magnitude) of the first initialization voltage (Vint1) (318) when a criterion is satisfied. For example, the voltage level (or magnitude) of the first initialization voltage (Vint1) (318) can be adjusted from the voltage level (851a) of the time period (851) of the time period (805-1) of the vertical synchronization signal to the voltage level (856a). For example, the adjusted voltage level (856a) of the time period (856) of the time period (805-2) of the direct synchronization signal can be lower than the voltage level (851a) before being adjusted.

[0174] For example, the display driving circuit can provide the second signal (312) to the gate electrode (G) of the third transistor (303) within a time period (826). For example, providing the second signal (312) can include transmitting the second signal (312) in the first state (e.g., a high state). For example, the length of the time period (826) can be the same as the length of the time period (821). For example, the display driving circuit can change the state of the second signal (312) from the second state (e.g., a low state) to the first state at a start time (or start timing) of the time period (826). For example, the start time of the time period (826) can be after the end time of the time period (816). For example, the display driving circuit can electrically connect the gate electrode (G) of the first transistor (301) to the drain electrode (D) of the first transistor (301) via the third transistor (303) during the time period (826) by maintaining the state of the second signal (312) in the first state during the time period (826). For example, the display driving circuit can change the state of the second signal (312) from the first state to the second state at the end time of the time period (826). Electrically connecting the gate electrode (G) of the first transistor (301) to the drain electrode (D) of the first transistor (301) via the third transistor (303) can be stopped by changing the state of the second signal (312) from the first state to the second state.

[0175] For example, the display driving circuit can provide a third signal (313) to the gate electrode (G) of the fourth transistor (304) within a time period (836). For example, providing the third signal (313) may include transmitting the third signal (313) in the second state. For example, the display driving circuit can change the state of the third signal (313) transmitted to the gate electrode (G) of the fourth transistor (304) from the first state to the second state at a start time (or start timing) of the time period (836). For example, the length of the time period (836) may be equal to the length of the period period (831). For example, the display driving circuit can provide a second initialization voltage (Vint2) (319) to the anode electrode of the light emitting element (300) during the time period (866) by maintaining the state of the third signal (313) in the second state during the time period (836) from the start time of the time period (836). For example, providing the second initialization voltage (Vint2) (319) can include applying the second initialization voltage (Vint2) (319) of the second state. For example, the time period (866) can correspond to (or be synchronized with) the time period (836). For example, the display driving circuit can initialize the anode electrode of the light emitting element (300) by providing the second initialization voltage (Vint2) (319) to the anode electrode of the light emitting element (300) during the time period (866). The voltage level of the second initialization voltage (Vint2) (319) of the time period (866) may have a voltage level (866a) (or a size (866a)). For example, the display driving circuit may change the state of the third signal (313) from the second state to the first state at the end time (or end timing) of the time period (836).Providing the second initialization voltage (Vint2) (319) to the anode electrode of the light emitting element (300) may be interrupted by changing the state of the third signal (313) from the second state to the first state. In the example (800), the voltage level (856a) of the first initialization voltage (Vint1) (318) is exemplified as being the same as the voltage level (866a) of the second initialization voltage (Vint2) (319), but the present disclosure is not limited thereto. As a non-limiting example, the voltage level (856a) may be different from the voltage level (866a).

[0176] For example, the display driver circuit can adjust the voltage level (or magnitude) of the second initialization voltage (Vint2) (319) to be provided within the time period (866) to fine-tune the characteristics (e.g., S / E and VRR) of the display panel. As a non-limiting example, the display driver circuit can adjust the voltage level (or magnitude) of the second initialization voltage (Vint2) (319) when a criterion is satisfied. For example, the voltage level (or magnitude) of the second initialization voltage (Vint2) (319) can be adjusted from the voltage level (861a) of the time period (861) of the time section (805-1) of the vertical synchronization signal to the voltage level (866a). For example, the adjusted voltage level (866a) of the time period (866) of the time section (805-2) of the vertical synchronization signal can be lower than the voltage level (861a) before being adjusted.

[0177] Although not shown in FIG. 8, the display driving circuit can provide a third signal (313) to the gate electrode (G) of the eighth transistor (308). For example, the display driving circuit can change the state of the third signal (313) from the first state to the second state at the start time (or start timing) of the time period (836). For example, the display driving circuit can provide a bias voltage (Vbias) to the source electrode (S) of the first transistor (301) during the time period (836) by maintaining the state of the third signal (313) in the second state during the time period (836) from the start time of the time period (836). For example, the time period (836) can correspond to (or be synchronized with) the time period (826).

[0178] For example, the display driving circuit can re-provide the first signal (311) to the gate electrode (G) of the second transistor (302) within a time period (817). For example, providing the first signal (311) may include transmitting the first signal (311) in the first state (e.g., a high state). For example, the length of the time period (817) may be the same as the length of the time period (812). For example, the display driving circuit can change the state of the first signal (311) from a second state (e.g., a low state) to the first state at a start time (or start timing) of the time period (817). For example, the display driving circuit can initialize the gate electrode (G) of the first transistor (301) based on providing a first initialization voltage (Vint1) (318) to the gate electrode (G) of the first transistor (301) within the time period (857) by maintaining the state of the first signal (311) in the first state for the time period (817). For example, providing the first initialization voltage (Vint1) (318) can include applying the first initialization voltage (Vint1) (318) of the second state. For example, the time period (857) can correspond to (or be synchronized with) the time period (817). For example, the display driving circuit can change the state of the first initialization voltage (Vint1) (318) from the first state to the second state at a start time (or start timing) of the time period (857). The voltage level of the first initialization voltage (Vint1) (318) of the time period (857) may have a voltage level (857a) (or a magnitude (857a)). For example, the voltage level (857a) (or a magnitude (857a)) of the time period (857) may be the same as the voltage level (856a) (or a magnitude (856a)) of the time period (856).For example, the display driving circuit can change the state of the first signal (311) from the first state to the second state at the end time (or end timing) of the time period (817). For example, providing the first initialization voltage (Vint1) (318) to the gate electrode (G) of the first transistor (301) can be stopped by changing the state of the first signal (311) from the first state to the second state.

[0179] For example, the display driving circuit can provide the second signal (312) to the gate electrode (G) of the third transistor (303) within a time period (827). For example, providing the second signal (312) can include transmitting the second signal (312) in the first state (e.g., a high state). For example, the length of the time period (827) can be the same as the length of the time period (822). For example, the display driving circuit can change the state of the second signal (312) from the second state (e.g., a low state) to the first state at a start time (or start timing) of the time period (827). For example, the start time of the time period (827) can be after the end time of the time period (817). For example, the display driving circuit can electrically connect the gate electrode (G) of the first transistor (301) to the drain electrode (D) of the first transistor (301) via the third transistor (303) during the time period (827) by maintaining the state of the second signal (312) in the first state during the time period (827). For example, the display driving circuit can change the state of the second signal (312) from the first state to the second state at the end time of the time period (827). Electrically connecting the gate electrode (G) of the first transistor (301) to the drain electrode (D) of the first transistor (301) via the third transistor (303) can be stopped by changing the state of the second signal (312) from the first state to the second state.

[0180] For example, the display driving circuit can provide a fourth signal (314) to the gate electrode (G) of the first transistor (301) within a time period (846). For example, providing the fourth signal (314) may include transmitting the fourth signal (314) in the second state. For example, the display driving circuit can change the state of the fourth signal (314) transmitted to the gate electrode (G) of the first transistor (301) from the first state to the second state at a start time (or start timing) of the time period (846). For example, the length of the time period (846) may be the same as the length of the time period (841). For example, the time period (846) may correspond to (or be synchronized with) the time period (827). For example, the display driving circuit can provide a data voltage (Vdata) (803) to the gate electrode (G) of the first transistor (301) initialized according to the first signal (311) in the first state transmitted during the time period (817) by maintaining the state of the fourth signal (314) in the second state during the time period (846). For example, providing the data voltage (Vdata) (803) to the gate electrode (G) of the first transistor (301) can be performed (or executed) during the time period (876). For example, providing the data voltage (Vdata) (803) to the gate electrode (G) of the first transistor (301) can be performed during the time period (827) that maintains the state of the second signal (312) in the first state. For example, the time period (876) can correspond to (or be synchronized with) the time period (827).For example, providing the data voltage (Vdata) (803) to the gate electrode (G) of the first transistor (301) may be performed while the gate electrode (G) of the first transistor (301) is electrically connected to the drain electrode (D) of the first transistor (301) according to the second signal (312) within the first state. For example, the display driving circuit may change the state of the fourth signal (314) from the second state to the first state at the end time (or end timing) of the time period (827). Providing the data voltage (Vdata) (803) to the gate electrode (G) of the first transistor (301) may be stopped by changing the state of the fourth signal (314) from the second state to the first state.

[0181] For example, the display driving circuit can provide a current (e.g., current (317) of FIG. 3A) according to a data voltage (Vdata) (803) to the light emitting element (300) to emit light for displaying an image obtained from at least one processor (e.g., processor (120)). For example, the display driving circuit can provide a current (317) to the light emitting element (300) by providing a light emitting signal (315) to each of the gate electrode (G) of the sixth transistor (306) and the gate electrode (G) of the seventh transistor (307) within a time period (809-2).

[0182] Referring to FIG. 8, the display driving circuit can adjust the voltage level (or magnitude) of the initialization voltage to be used in the sub-pixel when the above criteria are satisfied or preset. In example (800), the display driving circuit can apply a lower voltage level (856a) during the time period (856) within the time period (807-2) of the horizontal synchronization signal included in the time period (805-2) of the vertical synchronization signal, by comparing the voltage level (851a) of the time period (851) within the time period (807-1) of the horizontal synchronization signal included in the time period (805-1) of the vertical synchronization signal.

[0183] Figure 9 illustrates an example of a method for adjusting the time period of a signal used in a sub-pixel for each time interval of a vertical synchronization signal.

[0184] FIG. 9 illustrates an example (900) of adjusting the time period of a signal used in a sub-pixel for each time interval (e.g., 1 V or frame) of a vertical synchronization signal (e.g., 1 Vsync). Although example (900) illustrates an example of adjusting the time period of a signal used in one sub-pixel of a display panel (e.g., display (210) of FIG. 2), the present disclosure is not limited thereto. For example, a display driving circuit (e.g., DDI (230) of FIG. 2) can perform an adjustment such as example (900) for each of a plurality of sub-pixels within the display panel.

[0185] Referring to example (900), the display driving circuit can perform the first scan within a time period (907-1) before the light emitting signal (315) is transmitted to each of the gate electrode (G) of the sixth transistor (306) and the gate electrode (G) of the seventh transistor (307) within a time period (909-1). The display driving circuit can perform the first scan within a time period (907-2) before the light emitting signal (315) is transmitted to each of the gate electrode (G) of the sixth transistor (306) and the gate electrode (G) of the seventh transistor (307) within a time period (909-2).

[0186] For example, time interval (907-1) may be included in the time interval of the horizontal synchronization signal. For example, time interval (907-1) and time interval (909-1) may be included in the time interval (905-1) of the vertical synchronization signal. For example, time interval (905-1) of the vertical synchronization signal may be defined based on the time length between timings at which the TE (tearing effect) signal (901) changes to a first state (e.g., a high state). For example, time interval (907-2) may be included in the time interval of the horizontal synchronization signal. For example, time interval (907-2) and time interval (909-2) may be included in the time interval (905-2) of the vertical synchronization signal. For example, the time interval (905-2) of the vertical synchronization signal can be defined based on the time length between timings at which the TE (tearing effect) signal (901) changes to a first state (e.g., a high state).

[0187] For example, the display driving circuit can provide a first signal (311) to the gate electrode (G) of the second transistor (302) within a time period (911). For example, providing the first signal (311) can include transmitting the first signal (311) in the first state (e.g., a high state). For example, the display driving circuit can change the state of the first signal (311) from a second state (e.g., a low state) to the first state at a start time (or start timing) of the time period (911). For example, the display driving circuit can initialize the gate electrode (G) of the first transistor (301) based on providing a first initialization voltage (Vint1) (318) to the gate electrode (G) of the first transistor (301) within a time period (951) by maintaining the state of the first signal (311) in the first state during the time period (911). For example, providing the first initialization voltage (Vint1) (318) may include applying the first initialization voltage (Vint1) (318) of the second state. For example, the time period (951) may correspond to (or be synchronized with) the time period (911). For example, the display driving circuit can change the state of the first initialization voltage (Vint1) (318) from the first state to the second state at a start time (or start timing) of the time period (951). The voltage level of the first initialization voltage (Vint1) (318) of the time period (951) may have a voltage level (951a) (or a size (951a)). For example, the display driving circuit may change the state of the first signal (311) from the first state to the second state at the end time (or end timing) of the time period (911).For example, providing a first initialization voltage (Vint1) (318) to the gate electrode (G) of the first transistor (301) may be interrupted by changing the state of the first signal (311) from the first state to the second state.

[0188] For example, the display driving circuit can provide the second signal (312) to the gate electrode (G) of the third transistor (303) within a time period (921). For example, providing the second signal (312) may include transmitting the second signal (312) in the first state (e.g., a high state). For example, the display driving circuit can change the state of the second signal (312) from the second state (e.g., a low state) to the first state at a start time (or start timing) of the time period (921). For example, the start time of the time period (921) may be after the end time of the time period (911). For example, the display driving circuit can electrically connect the gate electrode (G) of the first transistor (301) to the drain electrode (D) of the first transistor (301) via the third transistor (303) during the time period (921) by maintaining the state of the second signal (312) in the first state during the time period (921). For example, the display driving circuit can change the state of the second signal (312) from the first state to the second state at the end time of the time period (921). Electrically connecting the gate electrode (G) of the first transistor (301) to the drain electrode (D) of the first transistor (301) via the third transistor (303) can be stopped by changing the state of the second signal (312) from the first state to the second state.

[0189] For example, the display driving circuit can provide a third signal (313) to the gate electrode (G) of the fourth transistor (304) within a time period (931). For example, providing the third signal (313) may include transmitting the third signal (313) in the second state. For example, the display driving circuit can change the state of the third signal (313) transmitted to the gate electrode (G) of the fourth transistor (304) from the first state to the second state at a start time (or start timing) of the time period (931). For example, the display driving circuit can provide a second initialization voltage (Vint2) (319) to the anode electrode of the light emitting element (300) during a time period (961) by maintaining the state of the third signal (313) in the second state during the time period (931). For example, the time period (961) may correspond to (or be synchronized with) the time period (931). For example, the display driving circuit may initialize the anode electrode of the light emitting element (300) by providing a second initialization voltage (Vint2) (319) to the anode electrode of the light emitting element (300) during the time period (961). The voltage level of the second initialization voltage (Vint2) (319) of the time period (961) may have a voltage level (961a) (or magnitude (961a)). For example, the display driving circuit may change the state of the third signal (313) from the second state to the first state at the end time (or end timing) of the time period (931). Providing the second initialization voltage (Vint2) (319) to the anode electrode of the light emitting element (300) can be stopped by changing the state of the third signal (313) from the second state to the first state.

[0190] Although not shown in FIG. 9, the display driving circuit can provide the third signal (313) to the gate electrode (G) of the eighth transistor (308) within a time period (931). For example, the display driving circuit can change the state of the third signal (313) from the first state to the second state at the start time (or start timing) of the time period (931). For example, the display driving circuit can provide the bias voltage (Vbias) to the source electrode (S) of the first transistor (301) during the time period (931) by maintaining the state of the third signal (313) in the second state during the time period (931). For example, the time period (931) can correspond to (or be synchronized with) the time period (921).

[0191] For example, the display driving circuit can provide the first signal (311) to the gate electrode (G) of the second transistor (302) again within a time period (912). For example, providing the first signal (311) may include transmitting the first signal (311) in the first state (e.g., a high state). For example, the display driving circuit can change the state of the first signal (311) from a second state (e.g., a low state) to the first state at a start time (or start timing) of the time period (912). For example, the length of the time period (912) may be equal to the length of the time period (911). For example, the display driving circuit can initialize the gate electrode (G) of the first transistor (301) based on providing a first initialization voltage (Vint1) (318) to the gate electrode (G) of the first transistor (301) within a time period (952) by maintaining the state of the first signal (311) in the first state for a time period (912). For example, the time period (952) can correspond to (or be synchronized with) the time period (912). For example, providing the first initialization voltage (Vint1) (318) can include applying the first initialization voltage (Vint1) (318) of the second state. For example, the display driving circuit can change the state of the first initialization voltage (Vint1) (318) from the first state to the second state at a start time (or start timing) of the time period (952). The voltage level of the first initialization voltage (Vint1) (318) of the time period (952) may have a voltage level (951a) (or a magnitude (951a)). For example, the display driving circuit may change the state of the first signal (311) from the first state to the second state at the end time (or end timing) of the time period (912).For example, providing a first initialization voltage (Vint1) (318) to the gate electrode (G) of the first transistor (301) may be interrupted by changing the state of the first signal (311) from the first state to the second state.

[0192] For example, the display driving circuit can provide the second signal (312) to the gate electrode (G) of the third transistor (303) again within a time period (922). For example, providing the second signal (312) may include transmitting the second signal (312) in the first state (e.g., a high state). For example, the display driving circuit can change the state of the second signal (312) from the second state (e.g., a low state) to the first state at a start time (or start timing) of the time period (922). For example, the start time of the time period (922) may be after the end time of the time period (912). For example, the length of the time period (922) may be the same as the length of the time period (921). For example, the display driving circuit can electrically connect the gate electrode (G) of the first transistor (301) to the drain electrode (D) of the first transistor (301) via the third transistor (303) during the time period (922) by maintaining the state of the second signal (312) in the first state during the time period (922). For example, the display driving circuit can change the state of the second signal (312) from the first state to the second state at the end time of the time period (922). Electrically connecting the gate electrode (G) of the first transistor (301) to the drain electrode (D) of the first transistor (301) via the third transistor (303) can be stopped by changing the state of the second signal (312) from the first state to the second state.

[0193] For example, the display driving circuit can provide a fourth signal (314) to the gate electrode (G) of the first transistor (301) within a time period (941). For example, providing the fourth signal (314) may include transmitting the fourth signal (314) in the second state. For example, the display driving circuit can change the state of the fourth signal (314) transmitted to the gate electrode (G) of the first transistor (301) from the first state to the second state at a start time (or start timing) of the time period (941). For example, the time period (941) may correspond to (or be synchronized with) the time period (922). For example, the display driving circuit can provide a data voltage (Vdata) (903) to the gate electrode (G) of the first transistor (301) initialized according to the first signal (311) in the first state transmitted during a time period (912) by maintaining the state of the fourth signal (314) in the second state during a time period (941). For example, providing the data voltage (Vdata) (903) to the gate electrode (G) of the first transistor (301) can be performed (or executed) during a time period (971). For example, providing the data voltage (Vdata) (903) to the gate electrode (G) of the first transistor (301) can be performed during a time period (922) during which the state of the second signal (312) is maintained in the first state. For example, the time period (971) can correspond to (or be synchronized with) the time period (922). For example, providing a data voltage (Vdata) (903) to the gate electrode (G) of the first transistor (301) can be performed while the gate electrode (G) of the first transistor (301) is electrically connected to the drain electrode (D) of the first transistor (301) according to the second signal (312) within the first state.For example, the display driving circuit can change the state of the fourth signal (314) from the second state to the first state at the end time (or end timing) of the time period (941). Providing the data voltage (Vdata) (903) to the gate electrode (G) of the first transistor (301) can be stopped by changing the state of the fourth signal (314) from the second state to the first state.

[0194] For example, the display driving circuit can cause the light emitting element (300) to emit light for displaying an image acquired from at least one processor (e.g., the processor (120)) by providing a current (e.g., current (317) of FIG. 3A) according to a data voltage (Vdata) (903) to the light emitting element (300). For example, the display driving circuit can provide the current (317) to the light emitting element (300) by providing a light emitting signal (315) to each of the gate electrode (G) of the sixth transistor (306) and the gate electrode (G) of the seventh transistor (307) within a time period (909-1).

[0195] For example, within the time period (907-2) of the vertical synchronization signal of the time period (905-1) and the time period (905-2) of the next vertical synchronization signal, the display driving circuit may provide the first signal (311) to the gate electrode (G) of the second transistor (302) within the time period (916). For example, the display driving circuit may adjust the time period of the first signal (311) to be provided to the gate electrode (G) of the second transistor (302) for each time period (or each frame) of the vertical synchronization signal in order to fine-tune the characteristics (e.g., S / E and VRR) of the display panel. As a non-limiting example, the display driving circuit may adjust the time period of the first signal (311) to be provided to the gate electrode (G) of the second transistor (302) when a criterion is satisfied. For example, the display driving circuit can adjust the time period of the first signal (311) from the time period (911) to the time period (916). As a non-limiting example, the length of the time period (916) can be shorter than the length of the time period (911). For example, providing the first signal (311) can include transmitting the first signal (311) in the first state (e.g., a high state). For example, the display driving circuit can change the state of the first signal (311) from a second state (e.g., a low state) to the first state at a start time (or start timing) of the time period (916). For example, the display driving circuit can initialize the gate electrode (G) of the first transistor (301) based on providing the first initialization voltage (Vint1) (318) to the gate electrode (G) of the first transistor (301) within the time period (956) by maintaining the state of the first signal (311) in the first state for the time period (916).For example, providing the first initialization voltage (Vint1) (318) may include applying the first initialization voltage (Vint1) (318) of the second state. For example, the time period (956) may correspond to (or be synchronized with) the time period (916). For example, the display driving circuit may change the state of the first initialization voltage (Vint1) (318) from the first state to the second state at a start time (or start timing) of the time period (956). The voltage level of the first initialization voltage (Vint1) (318) of the time period (956) may have a voltage level (956a) (or magnitude (956a)). For example, the magnitude of the voltage level (956a) may be the same as the magnitude of the voltage level (951a). For example, the display driving circuit can change the state of the first signal (311) from the first state to the second state at the end time (or end timing) of the time period (916). For example, providing the first initialization voltage (Vint1) (318) to the gate electrode (G) of the first transistor (301) can be stopped by changing the state of the first signal (311) from the first state to the second state.

[0196] For example, the display driving circuit can provide the second signal (312) to the gate electrode (G) of the third transistor (303) within a time period (926). For example, the display driving circuit can adjust the time period of the second signal (312) to be provided to the gate electrode (G) of the third transistor (303) for each time section (or each frame) of the vertical synchronization signal in order to fine-tune the characteristics (e.g., S / E and VRR) of the display panel. As a non-limiting example, the display driving circuit can adjust the time period of the second signal (312) to be provided to the gate electrode (G) of the third transistor (303) when a criterion is satisfied. For example, the display driving circuit can adjust the time period of the second signal (312) from the time period (921) to the time period (926). As a non-limiting example, the length of the time period (926) may be shorter than the length of the time period (921). For example, providing the second signal (312) may include transmitting the second signal (312) in the first state (e.g., a high state). For example, the display driving circuit may change the state of the second signal (312) from the second state (e.g., a low state) to the first state at a start time (or start timing) of the time period (926). For example, the start time of the time period (926) may be after the end time of the time period (916). For example, the display driving circuit may electrically connect the gate electrode (G) of the first transistor (301) to the drain electrode (D) of the first transistor (301) via the third transistor (303) during the time period (926) by maintaining the state of the second signal (312) in the first state during the time period (926).For example, the display driving circuit can change the state of the second signal (312) from the first state to the second state at the end time of the time period (926). Electrically connecting the gate electrode (G) of the first transistor (301) to the drain electrode (D) of the first transistor (301) via the third transistor (303) can be stopped by changing the state of the second signal (312) from the first state to the second state.

[0197] For example, the display driving circuit may provide a third signal (313) to the gate electrode (G) of the fourth transistor (304). For example, the display driving circuit may adjust the time period of the third signal (313) to be provided to the gate electrode (G) of the fourth transistor (304) for each time section (or each frame) of the vertical synchronization signal in order to fine-tune the characteristics (e.g., S / E and VRR) of the display panel. As a non-limiting example, the display driving circuit may adjust the time period of the third signal (313) to be provided to the gate electrode (G) of the fourth transistor (304) when a criterion is satisfied. For example, the display driving circuit may adjust the time period of the third signal (313) from the time period (931) to the time period (936). As a non-limiting example, the length of the time period (936) may be shorter than the length of the time period (931). For example, providing the third signal (313) may include transmitting the third signal (313) in the second state. For example, the display driving circuit may change the state of the third signal (313) transmitted to the gate electrode (G) of the fourth transistor (304) from the first state to the second state at a start time (or start timing) of a time period (936). For example, the display driving circuit may provide the second initialization voltage (Vint2) (319) to the anode electrode of the light emitting element (300) during the time period (966) by maintaining the state of the third signal (313) in the second state during a time period (936) from the start time of the time period (936). For example, the time period (966) may correspond to (or be synchronized with) the time period (936).For example, the display driving circuit can initialize the anode electrode of the light emitting element (300) by providing a second initialization voltage (Vint2) (319) to the anode electrode of the light emitting element (300) during a time period (966). The voltage level of the second initialization voltage (Vint2) (319) during the time period (966) can have a voltage level (966a) (or a magnitude (966a)). For example, the magnitude of the voltage level (966a) can be the same as the magnitude of the voltage level (961a). For example, the display driving circuit can change the state of the third signal (313) from the second state to the first state at the end time (or end timing) of the time period (936). Providing the second initialization voltage (Vint2) (319) to the anode electrode of the light emitting element (300) can be stopped by changing the state of the third signal (313) from the second state to the first state.

[0198] Although not shown in FIG. 9, the display driving circuit can provide a third signal (313) to the gate electrode (G) of the eighth transistor (308). For example, the display driving circuit can change the state of the third signal (313) from the first state to the second state at the start time (or start timing) of the time period (936). For example, the display driving circuit can provide a bias voltage (Vbias) to the source electrode (S) of the first transistor (301) during the time period (936) by maintaining the state of the third signal (313) in the second state during the time period (936). For example, the time period (936) can correspond to (or be synchronized with) the time period (926).

[0199] For example, the display driving circuit can provide the first signal (311) to the gate electrode (G) of the second transistor (302) again within a time period (917). For example, providing the first signal (311) may include transmitting the first signal (311) in the first state (e.g., a high state). For example, the display driving circuit can change the state of the first signal (311) from a second state (e.g., a low state) to the first state at a start time (or start timing) of the time period (917). For example, the length of the time period (917) may be equal to the length of the time period (916). For example, the display driving circuit can initialize the gate electrode (G) of the first transistor (301) based on providing a first initialization voltage (Vint1) (318) to the gate electrode (G) of the first transistor (301) within a time period (957) by maintaining the state of the first signal (311) in the first state during a time period (917) from a start time of the time period (917). For example, the time period (957) can correspond to (or be synchronized with) the time period (917). For example, providing the first initialization voltage (Vint1) (318) can include applying the first initialization voltage (Vint1) (318) of the second state. For example, the display driving circuit can change the state of the first initialization voltage (Vint1) (318) from the first state to the second state at a start time (or start timing) of the time period (957). The voltage level of the first initialization voltage (Vint1) (318) of the time period (957) may have a voltage level (956a) (or size (956a)).For example, the display driving circuit can change the state of the first signal (311) from the first state to the second state at the end time (or end timing) of the time period (917). For example, providing the first initialization voltage (Vint1) (318) to the gate electrode (G) of the first transistor (301) can be stopped by changing the state of the first signal (311) from the first state to the second state.

[0200] For example, the display driving circuit can provide the second signal (312) to the gate electrode (G) of the third transistor (303) again within a time period (927). For example, providing the second signal (312) may include transmitting the second signal (312) in the first state (e.g., a high state). For example, the display driving circuit can change the state of the second signal (312) from the second state (e.g., a low state) to the first state at a start time (or start timing) of the time period (927). For example, the start time of the time period (927) may be after the end time of the time period (917). For example, the length of the time period (927) may be the same as the length of the time period (926). For example, the display driving circuit can electrically connect the gate electrode (G) of the first transistor (301) to the drain electrode (D) of the first transistor (301) via the third transistor (303) during the time period (927) by maintaining the state of the second signal (312) in the first state during the time period (927). For example, the display driving circuit can change the state of the second signal (312) from the first state to the second state at the end time of the time period (927). Electrically connecting the gate electrode (G) of the first transistor (301) to the drain electrode (D) of the first transistor (301) via the third transistor (303) can be stopped by changing the state of the second signal (312) from the first state to the second state.

[0201] For example, the display driving circuit may provide a fourth signal (314) to the gate electrode (G) of the first transistor (301). For example, the display driving circuit may adjust the time period of the fourth signal (314) to be provided to the gate electrode (G) of the first transistor (301) for each time section (or each frame) of the vertical synchronization signal in order to fine-tune the characteristics (e.g., S / E and VRR) of the display panel. As a non-limiting example, the display driving circuit may adjust the time period of the fourth signal (314) to be provided to the gate electrode (G) of the first transistor (301) when a criterion is satisfied. For example, the display driving circuit may adjust the time period of the fourth signal (314) from the time period (941) to the time period (946). As a non-limiting example, the length of the time period (946) may be shorter than the length of the time period (941). For example, providing the fourth signal (314) may include transmitting the fourth signal (314) in the second state. For example, the display driving circuit may change the state of the fourth signal (314) transmitted to the gate electrode (G) of the first transistor (301) from the first state to the second state at a start time (or start timing) of a time period (946). For example, the time period (946) may correspond to (or be synchronized with) a time period (927). For example, the display driving circuit may provide the data voltage (Vdata) (903) to the gate electrode (G) of the first transistor (301) initialized according to the first signal (311) transmitted in the first state during a time period (917) by maintaining the state of the fourth signal (314) in the second state during a time period (946) from a start time of the time period (946).For example, providing the data voltage (Vdata) (903) to the gate electrode (G) of the first transistor (301) may be performed (or executed) during a time period (976). For example, providing the data voltage (Vdata) (903) to the gate electrode (G) of the first transistor (301) may be performed during a time period (927) during which the state of the second signal (312) is maintained in the first state. For example, the time period (976) may correspond to (or be synchronized with) the time period (927). For example, providing the data voltage (Vdata) (903) to the gate electrode (G) of the first transistor (301) may be performed while the gate electrode (G) of the first transistor (301) is electrically connected to the drain electrode (D) of the first transistor (301) according to the second signal (312) within the first state. For example, the display driving circuit can change the state of the fourth signal (314) from the second state to the first state at the end time (or end timing) of the time period (946). Providing the data voltage (Vdata) (903) to the gate electrode (G) of the first transistor (301) can be stopped by changing the state of the fourth signal (314) from the second state to the first state.

[0202] For example, the display driving circuit can cause the light emitting element (300) to emit light for displaying an image acquired from at least one processor (e.g., the processor (120)) by providing a current (e.g., current (317) of FIG. 3A) according to a data voltage (Vdata) (903) to the light emitting element (300). For example, the display driving circuit can provide the current (317) to the light emitting element (300) by providing a light emitting signal (315) to each of the gate electrode (G) of the sixth transistor (306) and the gate electrode (G) of the seventh transistor (307) within a time period (909-2).

[0203] Referring to FIG. 9, the display driving circuit can adjust the time period (or amplitude) of a signal to be used in a sub-pixel when the above criteria are satisfied or preset. In example (900), the display driving circuit can adjust the time period of the first signal (311) provided within the time periods (905-1, 905-2) of the vertical synchronization signals. For example, the time period (916) of the first signal (311) within the time period (905-2) of the vertical synchronization signal can be adjusted to be shorter than the time period (911) of the first signal (311) within the time period (905-1) of the vertical synchronization signal. In addition, in example (900), the display driving circuit can adjust the time period of the third signal (313) provided within the time periods (905-1, 905-2) of the vertical synchronization signals. For example, the time period (936) of the third signal (313) within the time interval (905-2) of the vertical synchronization signal can be adjusted to be shorter than the time period (931) of the third signal (313) within the time interval (905-1) of the vertical synchronization signal.

[0204] Referring to FIGS. 6 to 9, the electronic device and method according to the present disclosure can adjust the time period (or amplitude) of a signal used in a subpixel of a display panel and the voltage level (or magnitude) of a voltage applied to the subpixel. For example, the time period and / or the voltage level can be changed for each time section of a vertical synchronization signal or adjusted within a time section of a horizontal synchronization signal. Various examples of methods for adjusting the time period and the voltage level are described below in FIGS. 10A and 10B.

[0205] Figures 10a and 10b illustrate examples of a method for adjusting the time duration of a signal used in a sub-pixel or the initialization voltage of a sub-pixel.

[0206] FIG. 10A illustrates an example (1000a) of adjusting a time period of a signal used in a subpixel and an initialization voltage applied to the subpixel within a time interval (e.g., 1H) of one horizontal synchronization signal (e.g., 1 Hsync). Example (1000a) illustrates an example of adjusting the initialization voltage for one subpixel of a display panel (e.g., display (210) of FIG. 2), but the present disclosure is not limited thereto. For example, a display driving circuit (e.g., DDI (230) of FIG. 2) can perform an adjustment such as example (1000a) for each of a plurality of subpixels within the display panel.

[0207] Referring to example (1000a), the display driving circuit can perform the first scan within the time period (1007-1) before the light emitting signal (315) is transmitted to each of the gate electrode (G) of the sixth transistor (306) and the gate electrode (G) of the seventh transistor (307) within the time period (1009-1).

[0208] For example, the time interval (1007-1) may be included in the time interval of the horizontal synchronization signal. For example, the time interval (1007-1) and the time interval (1009-1) may be included in the time interval (1005-1) of the vertical synchronization signal. For example, the time interval (1005-1) of the vertical synchronization signal may be defined based on the time length between the timings at which the TE (tearing effect) signal (1001) changes to a first state (e.g., a high state). For example, the time interval (1005-1) of the vertical synchronization signal may be referenced as one frame.

[0209] For example, the display driving circuit can provide the first signal (311) to the gate electrode (G) of the second transistor (302) within a time period (1011). For example, the display driving circuit can initialize the gate electrode (G) of the first transistor (301) based on providing the first initialization voltage (Vint1) (318) to the gate electrode (G) of the first transistor (301) within a time period (1051) by maintaining the state of the first signal (311) in the first state during the time period (1011) from the start time. For example, the time period (1051) can correspond to (or be synchronized with) the time period (1011). The voltage level of the first initialization voltage (Vint1) (318) of the time period (1051) can have a voltage level (1051a) (or a magnitude (1051a)).

[0210] For example, the display driving circuit can provide the second signal (312) to the gate electrode (G) of the third transistor (303) within a time period (1021). For example, the display driving circuit can electrically connect the gate electrode (G) of the first transistor (301) to the drain electrode (D) of the first transistor (301) via the third transistor (303) during the time period (1021) by maintaining the state of the second signal (312) in the first state during the time period (1021) from the start time of the time period (1021).

[0211] For example, the display driving circuit can provide a third signal (313) to the gate electrode (G) of the fourth transistor (304). For example, the display driving circuit can provide a second initialization voltage (Vint2) (319) to the anode electrode of the light emitting element (300) during a time period (1063) by maintaining the state of the third signal (313) in the second state during a time period (1033). For example, the time period (1063) can correspond to (or be synchronized with) the time period (1033). For example, the display driving circuit can initialize the anode electrode of the light emitting element (300) by providing the second initialization voltage (Vint2) (319) to the anode electrode of the light emitting element (300) during a time period (1061).

[0212] For example, the display driving circuit can adjust the time period of the third signal (313) to be provided to the gate electrode (G) of the fourth transistor (304) to fine-tune the characteristics (e.g., S / E and VRR) of the display panel. As a non-limiting example, the display driving circuit can adjust the time period of the third signal (313) to be provided to the gate electrode (G) of the fourth transistor (304) when a criterion is satisfied. For example, the display driving circuit can adjust the time period of the third signal (313) from the time period (1031) to the time period (1033). As a non-limiting example, the length of the time period (1033) may be shorter than the length of the time period (1031). For example, the time period (1063) may be adjusted from the time period (1061) as it is adjusted to the time period (1033).

[0213] For example, the display driving circuit can re-provide the first signal (311) to the gate electrode (G) of the second transistor (302) within a time period (1012). For example, the display driving circuit can adjust the time period of the first signal (311) to be provided to the gate electrode (G) of the second transistor (302) in order to fine-tune the characteristics (e.g., S / E and VRR) of the display panel. As a non-limiting example, the display driving circuit can adjust the time period of the first signal (311) to be re-provided to the gate electrode (G) of the second transistor (302) when a criterion is satisfied. For example, the display driving circuit can adjust the time period of the first signal (311) to the time period (1012). For example, the length of the time period (1012) may be shorter than the length of the time period (1011). As a non-limiting example, the length of the time period (1012) may be longer than the length of the time period (1011). For example, the display driving circuit may initialize the gate electrode (G) of the first transistor (301) based on providing the first initialization voltage (Vint1) (318) to the gate electrode (G) of the first transistor (301) within the time period (1052) by maintaining the state of the first signal (311) in the first state during the time period (1012). For example, the time period (1052) may be adjusted from the time period (1051) as it is adjusted to the time period (1012). In other words, the time period (1052) may correspond to (or be synchronized with) the time period (1012). For example, the display driving circuit can adjust the voltage level (or magnitude) of the first initialization voltage (Vint1) (318) to be provided within a time period (1052) to fine-tune the characteristics (e.g., S / E and VRR) of the display panel.The voltage level of the first initialization voltage (Vint1) (318) of the time period (1052) may have a voltage level (1052a) (or a magnitude (1052a)). For example, the voltage level (1052a) (or a magnitude (1052a)) of the time period (1052) may be different from the voltage level (1051a) (or a magnitude (1051a)) of the time period (1051). Referring to example (1000a), the voltage level (1052a) (or a magnitude (1052a)) may be lower than the voltage level (1051a) (or a magnitude (1051a)). As a non-limiting example, the voltage level (1052a) (or a magnitude (1052a)) may be higher than the voltage level (1051a) (or a magnitude (1051a)).

[0214] For example, the display driving circuit can re-provide the second signal (312) to the gate electrode (G) of the third transistor (303) within a time period (1022). For example, the display driving circuit can adjust the time period of the second signal (312) to be provided to the gate electrode (G) of the third transistor (303) in order to fine-tune the characteristics (e.g., S / E and VRR) of the display panel. As a non-limiting example, the display driving circuit can adjust the time period of the second signal (312) to be provided again to the gate electrode (G) of the third transistor (303) when a criterion is satisfied. For example, the display driving circuit can adjust the time period of the second signal (312) to the time period (1022). For example, the length of the time period (1022) may be shorter than the length of the time period (1021). As a non-limiting example, the length of the time period (1022) may be longer than the length of the time period (1021).

[0215] For example, the display driving circuit can provide the fourth signal (314) to the gate electrode (G) of the first transistor (301) for a time period (1043). For example, the time period (1043) may correspond to (or be synchronized with) the time period (1022). For example, the display driving circuit can adjust the time period of the fourth signal (314) to be provided to the gate electrode (G) of the first transistor (301) in order to fine-tune the characteristics (e.g., S / E and VRR) of the display panel. As a non-limiting example, the display driving circuit can adjust the time period of the fourth signal (314) to be provided to the gate electrode (G) of the first transistor (301) when a criterion is satisfied. For example, the display driving circuit can adjust the time period of the fourth signal (314) from the time period (1041) to the time period (1043). As a non-limiting example, the length of the time period (1043) may be shorter than the length of the time period (1041). For example, the display driving circuit may provide the data voltage (Vdata) (1003) to the gate electrode (G) of the first transistor (301) initialized according to the first signal (311) in the first state transmitted during the time period (1012) by maintaining the state of the fourth signal (314) in the second state during the time period (1043) during the time period (1073). For example, the time period (1073) may be adjusted from the time period (1071) as it is adjusted to the time period (1043).

[0216] FIG. 10b illustrates an example (1000b) of adjusting the time period of a signal used in a sub-pixel and an initialization voltage applied to the sub-pixel within a time interval (e.g., 1 V or frame) of a vertical synchronization signal (e.g., 1 Vsync) and / or within a time interval (e.g., 1 Hsync) of a horizontal synchronization signal (e.g., 1 Hsync). Although example (1000b) illustrates an example of adjusting the initialization voltage for one sub-pixel of a display panel (e.g., display (210) of FIG. 2), the present disclosure is not limited thereto. For example, a display driver circuit (e.g., DDI (230) of FIG. 2) can perform an adjustment such as example (1000b) for each of a plurality of sub-pixels within the display panel.

[0217] Referring to example (1000b), the display driving circuit can perform the first scan within a time period (1007-2) before the light emitting signal (315) is transmitted to each of the gate electrode (G) of the sixth transistor (306) and the gate electrode (G) of the seventh transistor (307) within a time period (1009-2). The display driving circuit can perform the first scan within a time period (1007-3) before the light emitting signal (315) is transmitted to each of the gate electrode (G) of the sixth transistor (306) and the gate electrode (G) of the seventh transistor (307) within a time period (1009-3).

[0218] For example, time interval (1007-2) may be included in the time interval of the horizontal synchronization signal. For example, time interval (1007-2) and time interval (1009-2) may be included in the time interval (1005-2) of the vertical synchronization signal. For example, time interval (1005-2) of the vertical synchronization signal may be defined based on the time length between timings at which the TE (tearing effect) signal (1001) changes to a first state (e.g., a high state). For example, time interval (1007-3) may be included in the time interval of the horizontal synchronization signal. For example, time interval (1007-3) and time interval (1009-3) may be included in the time interval (1005-3) of the vertical synchronization signal. For example, the time interval (1005-3) of the vertical synchronization signal can be defined based on the time length between timings at which the TE (tearing effect) signal (1001) changes to a first state (e.g., a high state).

[0219] For example, the display driving circuit can provide the third signal (313) to the gate electrode (G) of the fourth transistor (304) during a time period (1036) within the time section (1007-2). For example, in order to fine-tune the characteristics (e.g., S / E and VRR) of the display panel, the time period of the third signal (313) to be provided to the gate electrode (G) of the fourth transistor (304) can be adjusted for each time section (or frame) of the vertical synchronization signal. As a non-limiting example, the display driving circuit can adjust the time period of the third signal (313) to be provided to the gate electrode (G) of the fourth transistor (304) within the time section (1007-3) when a criterion is satisfied. For example, the display driving circuit can adjust the time period of the third signal (313) from the time period (1036) to the time period (1038). As a non-limiting example, the length of the time period (1038) may be shorter than the length of the time period (1036).

[0220] For example, the display driving circuit may apply a first initialization voltage (Vint1) (318) to the gate electrode (G) of the first transistor (301) during a time period (1056) within a time section (1007-2). For example, the voltage level of the first initialization voltage (Vint1) (318) of the time period (1056) may have a voltage level (1056a) (or a magnitude (1056a)). For example, the display driving circuit may reapply the first initialization voltage (Vint1) (318) to the gate electrode (G) of the first transistor (301) during a time period (1057). For example, the voltage level of the first initialization voltage (Vint1) (318) of the time period (1057) may have a voltage level (1057a) (or a magnitude (1057a)). For example, in order to fine-tune the characteristics of the display panel (e.g., S / E and VRR), the voltage level of the first initialization voltage (Vint1) (318) can be adjusted for each time period (or each frame) of the vertical synchronization signal. For example, the display driving circuit can apply the first initialization voltage (Vint1) (318) to the gate electrode (G) of the first transistor (301) during a time period (1058) within the time period (1007-3). For example, the voltage level of the first initialization voltage (Vint1) (318) during the time period (1058) can have a voltage level (1058a) (or a magnitude (1058a)). For example, the voltage level (1058a) can be the same as the voltage level (1056a) (or the voltage level (1057a)). For example, the display driving circuit may reapply the first initialization voltage (Vint1) (318) to the gate electrode (G) of the first transistor (301) during a time period (1059) within the time section (1007-3). For example, the voltage level of the first initialization voltage (Vint1) (318) during the time period (1059) may have a voltage level (1059a) (or a magnitude (1059a)).For example, voltage level (1059a) may be different from voltage level (1056a) (or voltage level (1057a), voltage level (1058a)). In example (1000b), for example, voltage level (1059a) may be lower than voltage level (1056a) (or voltage level (1057a), voltage level (1058a)). As a non-limiting example, voltage level (1059a) may be higher than voltage level (1056a) (or voltage level (1057a), voltage level (1058a)).

[0221] Referring to example (1000b), the first initialization voltage (Vint1) (318) may not only have different voltage levels for each time interval of the vertical synchronization signal, but may also have different voltage levels within the time interval of the horizontal synchronization signal included in the time interval of one vertical synchronization signal.

[0222] For example, the display driving circuit may apply a second initialization voltage (Vint2) (319) to the anode electrode of the light emitting element (300) during a time period (1066) within a time section (1007-2). For example, the voltage level of the second initialization voltage (Vint2) (319) in the time period (1066) may have a voltage level (1066a) (or a magnitude (1066a)). For example, the time period (1066) may correspond to (or be synchronized with) the time period (1036). For example, in order to fine-tune the characteristics (e.g., S / E and VRR) of the display panel, the voltage level of the second initialization voltage (Vint2) (319) and the time period during which the second initialization voltage (Vint2) (319) is applied may be adjusted for each time section (or each frame) of the vertical synchronization signal. For example, the display driving circuit may apply a second initialization voltage (Vint2) (319) to the anode electrode of the light emitting element (300) during a time period (1068) within a time section (1007-3). For example, the voltage level of the second initialization voltage (Vint2) (319) of the time period (1068) may have a voltage level (1068a) (or a magnitude (1068a)). For example, the voltage level (1068a) of the second initialization voltage (Vint2) (319) of the time period (1068) may be different from the voltage level (1066a) of the second initialization voltage (Vint2) (319) of the time period (1066). In the example (1000b), the voltage level (1068a) may be lower than the voltage level (1066a). As a non-limiting example, voltage level (1068a) may be higher than voltage level (1066a).

[0223] Referring to example (1000b), not only may the second initialization voltage (Vint2) (319) have different voltage levels for each time period of the vertical synchronization signal, but also the time period during which the second initialization voltage (Vint2) (319) is applied (or the third signal (313) is applied to the gate electrode (G) of the second transistor (302)) for each time period of the vertical synchronization signal may be different.

[0224] Referring to FIGS. 10A and 10B , the electronic device and method according to the present disclosure may include a combination of at least some of the methods illustrated in the example (600) of FIG. 6 , the example (700) of FIG. 7 , the example (800) of FIG. 8 , and the example (900) of FIG. 9 . The example (1000a) of FIG. 10A may be a combination of the example (600) of FIG. 6 and the example (700) of FIG. 7 . The example (1000b) of FIG. 10B may be a combination of the example (600) of FIG. 6 , the example (800) of FIG. 8 , and the example (900) of FIG. 9 . However, the present disclosure is not limited thereto.

[0225] Additionally, according to the present disclosure, the display driving circuit (e.g., the DDI (230) of FIG. 2) can adjust the time period of at least some of the signals used in the sub-pixels and / or the voltage levels applied to the at least some of the signals. For example, the display driving circuit (e.g., the DDI (230) of FIG. 2) can adjust the time period of the first signal (311) and not adjust the time periods of the remaining signals (e.g., the second signal (312), the third signal (313), and the fourth signal (314)). In other words, the time periods of the signals used in the sub-pixels and / or the voltage levels applied to the signals can be independently adjusted.

[0226] As shown in FIGS. 10A and 10B, when the time period of the signal used in the sub-pixel and the voltage level applied to the sub-pixel are adjusted simultaneously, the effect of improving the characteristics of the display panel (e.g., the display (210) of FIG. 2) that exceeds the range of voltage levels that can be adjusted (or output) by the display driving circuit (e.g., the DDI (230) of FIG. 2) can be brought about. In other words, when only the voltage level is adjusted, the characteristics of the display panel can be improved within a limited range, but when the time period is adjusted together with the voltage level, the characteristics of the display panel can be improved to a range that exceeds the limited range. For example, when the maximum value of the first initialization voltage (Vint1) (318) that can be set in the display driving circuit is -1.0 V, the first initialization voltage (Vint1) (318) may not be set to -0.1 V to -0.9 V. However, the electronic device and method according to the present disclosure can substantially produce an effect equivalent to that of the first initialization voltage (Vint1) (318) being set to -0.1 V to -0.9 V by adjusting the first initialization voltage (Vint1) (318) to a maximum value and, at the same time, adjusting the time period during which the first initialization voltage (Vint1) (318) is applied (e.g., adjusting the length of the time period to 10% to 90% compared to the existing time period).

[0227] As described above, the electronic device and method according to the present disclosure can fine-tune the characteristics (e.g., S / E and VRR) of the display panel by simultaneously adjusting the time period of the signal used in the sub-pixel and the voltage level applied to the sub-pixel.

[0228] FIG. 11 illustrates an example graph of the characteristics of a display panel that is fine-tuned by adjusting the time duration of a signal used in a sub-pixel or the initialization voltage of a sub-pixel.

[0229] FIG. 11 illustrates a graph (1100) showing the relationship between a signal (e.g., a first signal (311)) for initializing the first transistor (301) of FIG. 3a and the VRR of the display panel.

[0230] The graph (1100) represents the relationship between the gate-source voltage (VGS) of the first transistor (301) and the current (Id) (317) provided (or applied) to the light-emitting element (300) (or the current flowing from the drain electrode to the source electrode of the first transistor (301). The horizontal axis of the graph (1100) represents the gate-source voltage (VGS) of the first transistor (301), and the vertical axis of the graph (1100) represents the current (Id) provided to the light-emitting element (300).

[0231] In the graph (1100), a first line (1110) represents the characteristics of a target display panel, a second line (1120) represents the characteristics of a display panel according to a first signal (311) applied once, a third line (1130) represents the characteristics of a display panel according to a first signal (311) applied twice, and a fourth line (1140) represents the characteristics of a display panel according to a first signal (311) applied within an adjusted time period (and / or voltage level) of the present disclosure. In the example of FIG. 11, the fourth line (1140) assumes that the first signal (311) is applied substantially 1.5 times. Applying 1.5 times may mean that the first signal (311) is applied during a time period (711) and an adjusted time period (713), as in the example (700) of FIG. 7.

[0232] Referring to the graph (1100), at the same data voltage (Vdata) (or gate-source voltage (VGS)), the lower the difference between each of the lines (1120, 1130, 1140) and the first line (1110), the less noticeable the flickering may be. In other words, the second line (1120), which is located closest to (or has a similar shape to) the first line (1110), may have the best VRR characteristic among the lines (1120, 1130, 1140). For example, the fourth line (1140) may have worse VRR characteristics than the second line (1120) and better VRR characteristics than the third line (1130). However, as described in FIG. 4A, as the number of times (or time period) that the first signal (311) is applied increases, the S / E characteristic may improve but the VRR characteristic may deteriorate. For example, the second line (1120) may have the worst S / E characteristic among the lines (1120, 1130, 1140). The fourth line (1140) may have better S / E characteristic than the second line (1120) and worse S / E characteristic than the third line (1130).

[0233] As described above, the electronic device and method according to the present disclosure can finely adjust the characteristics of the display panel by adjusting the time period of the signal used in the subpixel and / or the voltage level applied to the signal. In addition, the electronic device and method according to the present disclosure can adjust the time period of the signal and / or the voltage level applied to the signal not only within the time period (or frame) of the vertical synchronization signal but also within a time period shorter than the time period of the vertical synchronization signal (e.g., the time period of the horizontal synchronization signal). The time period of the signal and / or the voltage level applied to the signal can be varied in real time. For example, the time period of the signal and / or the voltage level applied to the signal can be varied relatively close to the time period as compared to the case where it varies on a frame-by-frame basis, when a specified criterion is satisfied.

[0234] The effects that can be obtained from the present disclosure are not limited to the effects mentioned above, and other effects that are not mentioned can be clearly understood by a person having ordinary skill in the art to which the present disclosure belongs from the description below.

[0235] The technical problems to be achieved in the present disclosure are not limited to the technical problems mentioned above, and other technical problems not mentioned will be clearly understood by a person having ordinary knowledge in the technical field to which the present disclosure pertains.

[0236] As described above, the electronic device (101) may include a display driving circuit (230) including a gate driver IC (integrated circuitry). The electronic device (101) may include a display panel (210) including pixels. Each of the pixels may include sub-pixels. Each of the sub-pixels may include: a light-emitting element (300); a storage capacitor (309) configured to store a data voltage; a first transistor (301) including a gate electrode electrically connected to the storage capacitor (309), a source electrode, and a drain electrode electrically connectable to an anode electrode of the light-emitting element (300), and configured to obtain a current provided to the light-emitting element (300) according to the data voltage stored in the storage capacitor (309); And it may include a second transistor (302) including a drain electrode electrically connected to the storage capacitor (309), a source electrode to which an initialization voltage is applied, and a gate electrode. The display driving circuit (230) may be configured to perform a first initialization of the gate electrode of the first transistor (301) based on providing a first initialization voltage to the gate electrode of the first transistor (301) by performing a signal to the gate electrode of the second transistor (302) using the gate driver IC within a second time period of a horizontal synchronization signal included in a first time period of a vertical synchronization signal.The display driving circuit (230) may be configured to perform a second initialization of the gate electrode of the first transistor (301) based on providing a second initialization voltage different from the first initialization voltage to the gate electrode of the first transistor (301) by re-providing the signal to the gate electrode of the second transistor (302) using the gate driver IC within the second time period of the horizontal synchronization signal included in the first time period of the vertical synchronization signal.

[0237] According to one embodiment, the magnitude of the second initialization voltage may be lower than the magnitude of the first initialization voltage.

[0238] According to one embodiment, the display driving circuit (230) may be configured to provide the signal to the gate electrode of the second transistor (302) for a first time period using the gate driver IC within the second time period of the horizontal synchronization signal included in the first time period of the vertical synchronization signal. The display driving circuit (230) may be configured to provide the signal again to the gate electrode of the second transistor (302) for a second time period using the gate driver IC within the second time period of the horizontal synchronization signal included in the first time period of the vertical synchronization signal. The length of the second time period may correspond to the length of the first time period.

[0239] According to one embodiment, the display driving circuit (230) may be configured to provide the signal to the gate electrode of the second transistor (302) for a first time period using the gate driver IC within the second time period of the horizontal synchronization signal included in the first time period of the vertical synchronization signal. The display driving circuit (230) may be configured to again provide the signal to the gate electrode of the second transistor (302) for a second time period using the gate driver IC within the second time period of the horizontal synchronization signal included in the first time period of the vertical synchronization signal. The length of the second time period may be different from the length of the first time period.

[0240] According to one embodiment, each of the sub-pixels may further include a third transistor (303) including a drain electrode electrically connected to the gate electrode of the first transistor (301), a source electrode electrically connected to the drain electrode of the first transistor (301), and a gate electrode. The display driving circuit (230) may be configured to provide a compensation signal to the gate electrode of the third transistor (303) for a third time period using the gate driver IC within the second time period of the horizontal synchronization signal included in the first time period of the vertical synchronization signal. The display driving circuit (230) may be configured to again provide the compensation signal to the gate electrode of the third transistor (303) for a fourth time period using the gate driver IC within the second time period of the horizontal synchronization signal included in the first time period of the vertical synchronization signal. The length of the fourth time period may be different from the length of the third time period.

[0241] According to one embodiment, the compensation signal provided during the third time period may be provided within the second time period after providing the signal during the first time period. The compensation signal provided during the fourth time period may be provided within the second time period after providing the signal during the second time period.

[0242] According to one embodiment, each of the sub-pixels may further include a fourth transistor (304) including a source electrode electrically connected to the anode electrode of the light-emitting element (300), a drain electrode to which another initialization voltage is applied, and a gate electrode. The display driving circuit (230) may be configured to adjust the other initialization voltage of the fourth transistor (304) for the second time period of the horizontal synchronization signal to a third initialization voltage. The display driving circuit (230) may be configured to perform the third initialization of the anode electrode of the light-emitting element (300) based on providing the adjusted third initialization voltage to the anode electrode of the light-emitting element (300) by providing another signal to the gate electrode of the fourth transistor (304) using the gate driver IC within the second time period of the horizontal synchronization signal included in the first time period of the vertical synchronization signal.

[0243] According to one embodiment, the display driving circuit (230) may be configured to adjust a time period of the other signal to be provided to the gate electrode of the fourth transistor (304) within the second time period of the horizontal synchronization signal to a fifth time period. The display driving circuit (230) may be configured to provide the other signal to the gate electrode of the fourth transistor (304) during the fifth time period using the gate driver IC within the second time period of the horizontal synchronization signal included in the first time period of the vertical synchronization signal. The length of the fifth time period may be reduced from the length of the time period of the other signal before the adjustment is performed, according to the adjustment.

[0244] According to one embodiment, each of the sub-pixels may further include a fifth transistor (305) including a source electrode to which the data voltage is applied, a drain electrode electrically connected to the source electrode of the first transistor (301), and a gate electrode electrically connected to the gate electrode of the first transistor (301). The display driving circuit (230) may be configured to adjust a time period of a switching signal to be provided to each of the gate electrode of the fifth transistor (305) and the gate electrode of the first transistor (301) within the second time period of the horizontal synchronization signal to a sixth time period. The display driving circuit (230) may be configured to provide the switching signal to each of the gate electrode of the fifth transistor (305) and the gate electrode of the first transistor (301) during the sixth time period using the gate driver IC within the second time period of the horizontal synchronization signal included in the first time period of the vertical synchronization signal. The length of the sixth time period may be reduced from the length of the time period of the switching signal before the adjustment is performed, depending on the adjustment.

[0245] According to one embodiment, the display driving circuit (230) may be configured to perform a fourth initialization of the gate electrode of the first transistor (301) based on providing the first initialization voltage to the gate electrode of the first transistor (301) by providing the signal to the gate electrode of the second transistor (302) using the gate driver IC within a fourth time interval of the other horizontal synchronization signal included in a third time interval of the other vertical synchronization signal. The display driving circuit (230) may be configured to perform a fifth initialization of the gate electrode of the first transistor (301) based on providing the first initialization voltage to the gate electrode of the first transistor (301) by providing the signal again to the gate electrode of the second transistor (302) using the gate driver IC within the fourth time interval of the other horizontal synchronization signal included in the third time interval of the other vertical synchronization signal.

[0246] According to one embodiment, the display driving circuit (230) may provide the signal to the gate electrode of the second transistor (302) for a first time period using the gate driver IC within the fourth time period of the other horizontal synchronization signal included in the third time period of the other vertical synchronization signal. The display driving circuit (230) may be configured to provide the signal again to the gate electrode of the second transistor (302) for a second time period using the gate driver IC within the fourth time period of the horizontal synchronization signal included in the third time period of the other vertical synchronization signal. The length of the second time period may correspond to the length of the first time period.

[0247] According to one embodiment, the display driving circuit (230) may be configured to provide the signal to the gate electrode of the second transistor (302) for a first time period using the gate driver IC within the fourth time period of the other horizontal synchronization signal included in the third time period of the other vertical synchronization signal. The display driving circuit (230) may be configured to again provide the signal to the gate electrode of the second transistor (302) for a second time period using the gate driver IC within the fourth time period of the other horizontal synchronization signal included in the third time period of the other vertical synchronization signal. The length of the second time period may be different from the length of the first time period.

[0248] According to one embodiment, the display driving circuit (230) may be configured to determine whether a criterion for adjusting the initialization voltage to be provided to the gate electrode of the first transistor (301) from the first initialization voltage to the second initialization voltage within the second time period of the horizontal synchronization signal is satisfied. The display driving circuit (230) may be configured to provide the first initialization voltage to the gate electrode of the first transistor (301) by performing, upon determining that the criterion is satisfied, providing the signal to the gate electrode of the second transistor (302) using the gate driver IC within the second time interval of the horizontal synchronization signal included in the first time interval of the vertical synchronization signal, and to provide the second initialization voltage to the gate electrode of the first transistor (301) by performing, upon determining that the criterion is satisfied, the signal again being provided to the gate electrode of the second transistor (302) using the gate driver IC within the second time interval of the horizontal synchronization signal included in the first time interval of the vertical synchronization signal.

[0249] According to one embodiment, the criterion may include at least one of: a difference between the gradation of an image to be displayed within the first time interval of the vertical synchronization signal and the gradation of another image displayed before the first time interval of the vertical synchronization signal being greater than or equal to a criterion difference; a temperature of the display panel (210) changing from a first reference range to a second reference range; or a change in luminance of the display panel (210).

[0250] According to one embodiment, the first initialization and the second initialization may be performed while a scan is performed, which includes initializing the gate electrode of the first transistor (301), providing the data voltage to the initialized gate electrode of the first transistor (301), and providing current to the light-emitting element (300) through the first transistor (301) having the provided data voltage at the gate electrode of the first transistor (301).

[0251] As described above, the electronic device (101) may include a display driving circuit (230) including a gate driver integrated circuit (IC). The electronic device (101) may include a display panel (210) including pixels. Each of the pixels may include sub-pixels. Each of the sub-pixels may include: a light-emitting element (300); a storage capacitor (309) configured to store a data voltage; a first transistor (301) including a gate electrode electrically connected to the storage capacitor (309), a source electrode, and a drain electrode electrically connectable to an anode electrode of the light-emitting element (300), and configured to obtain a current provided to the light-emitting element (300) according to the data voltage stored in the storage capacitor (309); and a second transistor (302) including a drain electrode electrically connected to the storage capacitor (309), a source electrode to which an initialization voltage is applied, and a gate electrode. The display driving circuit (230) may be configured to perform a first initialization of the gate electrode of the first transistor (301) by performing a first time period, during which a signal is provided to the gate electrode of the second transistor (302) using the gate driver IC within a second time period of the horizontal synchronization signal included in a first time period of the vertical synchronization signal. The display driving circuit (230) may be configured to perform a second initialization of the gate electrode of the first transistor (301) by performing a second time period, during which a signal is provided again to the gate electrode of the second transistor (302) using the gate driver IC within a second time period of the horizontal synchronization signal included in the first time period of the vertical synchronization signal.

[0252] According to one embodiment, each of the sub-pixels may further include a third transistor (303) including a drain electrode electrically connected to the gate electrode of the first transistor (301), a source electrode electrically connected to the drain electrode of the first transistor (301), and a gate electrode. The display driving circuit (230) may be configured to provide a compensation signal to the gate electrode of the third transistor (303) for a third time period using the gate driver IC within the second time period of the horizontal synchronization signal included in the first time period of the vertical synchronization signal. The display driving circuit (230) may be configured to again provide the compensation signal to the gate electrode of the third transistor (303) for a fourth time period using the gate driver IC within the second time period of the horizontal synchronization signal included in the first time period of the vertical synchronization signal.

[0253] According to one embodiment, each of the sub-pixels may further include a fourth transistor (304) including a source electrode electrically connected to the anode electrode of the light-emitting element (300), a drain electrode to which another initialization voltage is applied, and a gate electrode. The display driving circuit (230) may be configured to adjust the other initialization voltage of the fourth transistor (304) for the second time period of the horizontal synchronization signal to a third initialization voltage. The display driving circuit (230) may be configured to perform the third initialization of the anode electrode of the light-emitting element (300) based on providing the adjusted third initialization voltage to the anode electrode of the light-emitting element (300) by providing another signal to the gate electrode of the fourth transistor (304) using the gate driver IC within the second time period of the horizontal synchronization signal included in the first time period of the vertical synchronization signal.

[0254] According to one embodiment, the display driving circuit (230) may be configured to adjust a time period of the other signal to be provided to the gate electrode of the fourth transistor (304) within the second time period of the horizontal synchronization signal to a fifth time period. The display driving circuit (230) may be configured to provide the other signal to the gate electrode of the fourth transistor (304) during the fifth time period using the gate driver IC within the second time period of the horizontal synchronization signal included in the first time period of the vertical synchronization signal. The length of the fifth time period may be reduced from the length of the time period of the other signal before the adjustment is performed, according to the adjustment.

[0255] According to one embodiment, each of the sub-pixels may further include a fifth transistor (305) including a source electrode to which the data voltage is applied, a drain electrode electrically connected to the source electrode of the first transistor (301), and a gate electrode electrically connected to the gate electrode of the first transistor (301). The display driving circuit (230) may be configured to adjust a time period of a switching signal to be provided to each of the gate electrode of the fifth transistor (305) and the gate electrode of the first transistor (301) within the second time period of the horizontal synchronization signal to a sixth time period. The display driving circuit (230) may be configured to provide the switching signal to each of the gate electrode of the fifth transistor (305) and the gate electrode of the first transistor (301) during the sixth time period using the gate driver IC within the second time period of the horizontal synchronization signal included in the first time period of the vertical synchronization signal. The length of the sixth time period may be reduced from the length of the time period of the switching signal before the adjustment is performed, depending on the adjustment.

[0256] Electronic devices according to the various embodiments disclosed in this document may take various forms. Electronic devices may include, for example, portable communication devices (e.g., smartphones), computer devices, portable multimedia devices, portable medical devices, cameras, wearable devices, or home appliances. Electronic devices according to the embodiments of this document are not limited to the aforementioned devices.

[0257] The various embodiments of this document and the terminology used therein are not intended to limit the technical features described in this document to specific embodiments, but should be understood to include various modifications, equivalents, or substitutes of the embodiments. In connection with the description of the drawings, similar reference numerals may be used for similar or related components. The singular form of a noun corresponding to an item may include one or more of the items, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. In this document, each of the phrases "A or B", "at least one of A and B", "at least one of A or B", "A, B, or C", "at least one of A, B, and C", and "at least one of A, B, or C" can include any one of the items listed together in the corresponding phrase among those phrases, or all possible combinations thereof. Terms such as "first," "second," or "first" or "second" may be used merely to distinguish one component from another, and do not limit the components in any other respect (e.g., importance or order). When a component (e.g., a first component) is referred to as "coupled" or "connected" to another component (e.g., a second component), with or without the terms "functionally" or "communicatively," it means that the component can be connected to the other component directly (e.g., wired), wirelessly, or through a third component.

[0258] The term "module" used in various embodiments of this document may include a unit implemented in hardware, software, or firmware, and may be used interchangeably with terms such as logic, logic block, component, or circuit. A module may be an integral component, or a minimum unit or part of such a component that performs one or more functions. For example, according to one embodiment, a module may be implemented in the form of an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC).

[0259] Various embodiments of the present document may be implemented as software (e.g., a program (140)) including one or more instructions stored in a storage medium (e.g., an internal memory (136) or an external memory (138)) readable by a machine (e.g., an electronic device (101)). For example, a processor (e.g., a processor (120)) of the machine (e.g., an electronic device (101)) may call at least one instruction among the one or more instructions stored from the storage medium and execute it. This enables the machine to operate to perform at least one function according to the at least one called instruction. The one or more instructions may include code generated by a compiler or code executable by an interpreter. The machine-readable storage medium may be provided in the form of a non-transitory storage medium. Here, 'non-transitory' simply means that the storage medium is a tangible device and does not contain signals (e.g., electromagnetic waves), and the term does not distinguish between cases where data is stored semi-permanently or temporarily on the storage medium.

[0260] According to one embodiment, the method according to various embodiments disclosed in the present document may be provided as included in a computer program product. The computer program product may be traded as a product between a seller and a buyer. The computer program product may be distributed in the form of a machine-readable storage medium (e.g., compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM)), or may be distributed online (e.g., downloaded or uploaded) via an application store (e.g., Play Store™) or directly between two user devices (e.g., smart phones). In the case of online distribution, at least a portion of the computer program product may be temporarily stored or temporarily generated in a machine-readable storage medium, such as the memory of a manufacturer's server, an application store's server, or an intermediary server.

[0261] According to various embodiments, each component (e.g., a module or a program) of the above-described components may include one or more entities, and some of the entities may be separated and placed in other components. According to various embodiments, one or more components or operations of the aforementioned components may be omitted, or one or more other components or operations may be added. Alternatively or additionally, a plurality of components (e.g., a module or a program) may be integrated into a single component. In such a case, the integrated component may perform one or more functions of each of the plurality of components identically or similarly to those performed by the corresponding component among the plurality of components prior to the integration. According to various embodiments, the operations performed by a module, program, or other component may be executed sequentially, in parallel, iteratively, or heuristically, or one or more of the operations may be executed in a different order, omitted, or one or more other operations may be added.

Claims

1. In an electronic device (101), A display driving circuit (230) including a gate driver IC (integrated circuitry); and It includes a display panel (210) containing pixels, Each of the above pixels includes sub-pixels, Each of the above sub-pixels: Light-emitting element (300); A storage capacitor (309) configured to store a data voltage; A first transistor (301) comprising a gate electrode electrically connected to the storage capacitor (309), a source electrode, and a drain electrode electrically connectable to the anode electrode of the light-emitting element (300), and configured to obtain a current provided to the light-emitting element (300) according to the data voltage stored in the storage capacitor (309); and A second transistor (302) including a drain electrode electrically connected to the storage capacitor (309), a source electrode to which an initialization voltage is applied, and a gate electrode, The above display driving circuit (230): By performing a signal to the gate electrode of the second transistor (302) using the gate driver IC within a second time period of the horizontal synchronization signal included in a first time period of the vertical synchronization signal, a first initialization of the gate electrode of the first transistor (301) is performed based on providing a first initialization voltage to the gate electrode of the first transistor (301); and By performing the signal again to the gate electrode of the second transistor (302) using the gate driver IC within the second time interval of the horizontal synchronization signal included in the first time interval of the vertical synchronization signal, and thereby performing the second initialization of the gate electrode of the first transistor (301) based on providing a second initialization voltage different from the first initialization voltage to the gate electrode of the first transistor (301), Electronic device (101).

2. In claim 1, The magnitude of the second initialization voltage is lower than the magnitude of the first initialization voltage. Electronic device (101).

3. In claim 1, The above display driving circuit (230): Within the second time period of the horizontal synchronization signal included in the first time period of the vertical synchronization signal, the signal is provided to the gate electrode of the second transistor (302) for the first time period using the gate driver IC; and Within the second time period of the horizontal synchronization signal included in the first time period of the vertical synchronization signal, the signal is configured to be provided again to the gate electrode of the second transistor (302) during the second time period using the gate driver IC, The length of the second time period corresponds to the length of the first time period. Electronic device (101).

4. In claim 1, The above display driving circuit (230): Within the second time period of the horizontal synchronization signal included in the first time period of the vertical synchronization signal, the signal is provided to the gate electrode of the second transistor (302) for the first time period using the gate driver IC; and Within the second time period of the horizontal synchronization signal included in the first time period of the vertical synchronization signal, the signal is configured to be provided again to the gate electrode of the second transistor (302) during the second time period using the gate driver IC, The length of the second time period is different from the length of the first time period. Electronic device (101).

5. In claim 4, Each of the above sub-pixels: Further comprising a third transistor (303) including a drain electrode electrically connected to the gate electrode of the first transistor (301), a source electrode electrically connected to the drain electrode of the first transistor (301), and a gate electrode, The above display driving circuit (230): Within the second time period of the horizontal synchronization signal included in the first time period of the vertical synchronization signal, a compensation signal is provided to the gate electrode of the third transistor (303) for a third time period using the gate driver IC; and Within the second time period of the horizontal synchronization signal included in the first time period of the vertical synchronization signal, the compensation signal is again provided to the gate electrode of the third transistor (303) for a fourth time period using the gate driver IC, The length of the fourth time period is different from the length of the third time period. Electronic device (101).

6. In claim 5, The compensation signal provided during the third time period is provided within the second time period after providing the signal during the first time period, and The compensation signal provided during the fourth time period is provided within the second time interval after providing the signal during the second time period. Electronic device (101).

7. In claim 1, Each of the above sub-pixels: Further comprising a fourth transistor (304) including a source electrode electrically connected to the anode electrode of the light emitting element (300), a drain electrode to which another initialization voltage is applied, and a gate electrode; The above display driving circuit (230): Adjusting the other initialization voltage of the fourth transistor (304) for the second time period of the horizontal synchronization signal to a third initialization voltage; and By providing another signal to the gate electrode of the fourth transistor (304) using the gate driver IC within the second time period of the horizontal synchronization signal included in the first time period of the vertical synchronization signal, the third initialization of the anode electrode of the light-emitting element (300) is performed based on providing the adjusted third initialization voltage to the anode electrode of the light-emitting element (300). Electronic device (101).

8. In claim 7, The above display driving circuit (230): Adjusting the time period of the other signal to be provided to the gate electrode of the fourth transistor (304) within the second time period of the horizontal synchronization signal to a fifth time period; and It is configured to provide the other signal to the gate electrode of the fourth transistor (304) during the fifth time period using the gate driver IC within the second time period of the horizontal synchronization signal included in the first time period of the vertical synchronization signal, The length of the fifth time period is reduced from the length of the time period of the other signal before the adjustment is performed, according to the adjustment. Electronic device (101).

9. In claim 7, Each of the above sub-pixels: Further comprising a fifth transistor (305) including a source electrode to which the data voltage is applied, a drain electrode electrically connected to the source electrode of the first transistor (301), and a gate electrode electrically connected to the gate electrode of the first transistor (301), The above display driving circuit (230): Adjusting the time period of the switching signal to be provided to each of the gate electrode of the fifth transistor (305) and the gate electrode of the first transistor (301) within the second time period of the horizontal synchronization signal to a sixth time period; and Within the second time period of the horizontal synchronization signal included in the first time period of the vertical synchronization signal, the switching signal is configured to be provided to each of the gate electrode of the fifth transistor (305) and the gate electrode of the first transistor (301) during the sixth time period using the gate driver IC, The length of the above sixth time period is reduced from the length of the time period of the switching signal before the above adjustment is performed, according to the above adjustment. Electronic device (101).

10. In claim 1, The above display driving circuit (230): By performing the signal to the gate electrode of the second transistor (302) using the gate driver IC within the fourth time interval of the other horizontal synchronization signal included in the third time interval of the other vertical synchronization signal, the fourth initialization of the gate electrode of the first transistor (301) is performed based on providing the first initialization voltage to the gate electrode of the first transistor (301); and By performing the signal again to the gate electrode of the second transistor (302) using the gate driver IC within the fourth time interval of the other horizontal synchronization signal included in the third time interval of the other vertical synchronization signal, and thereby performing the fifth initialization of the gate electrode of the first transistor (301) based on providing the first initialization voltage to the gate electrode of the first transistor (301), Electronic device (101).

11. In claim 10, The above display driving circuit (230): Within the fourth time period of the other horizontal synchronization signal included in the third time period of the other vertical synchronization signal, the signal is provided to the gate electrode of the second transistor (302) for a first time period using the gate driver IC; and Within the fourth time period of the horizontal synchronization signal included in the third time period of the other vertical synchronization signal, the signal is configured to be provided again to the gate electrode of the second transistor (302) during a second time period using the gate driver IC, The length of the second time period corresponds to the length of the first time period. Electronic device (101).

12. In claim 10, The above display driving circuit (230): Within the fourth time period of the other horizontal synchronization signal included in the third time period of the other vertical synchronization signal, the signal is provided to the gate electrode of the second transistor (302) for a first time period using the gate driver IC; and Within the fourth time period of the other horizontal synchronization signal included in the third time period of the other vertical synchronization signal, the signal is configured to be provided again to the gate electrode of the second transistor (302) during the second time period using the gate driver IC, The length of the second time period is different from the length of the first time period. Electronic device (101).

13. In claim 1, The above display driving circuit (230): Determine whether a criterion for adjusting the initialization voltage to be provided to the gate electrode of the first transistor (301) from the first initialization voltage to the second initialization voltage within the second time interval of the horizontal synchronization signal is satisfied; and In determining that the above criteria are satisfied: By providing the signal to the gate electrode of the second transistor (302) using the gate driver IC within the second time interval of the horizontal synchronization signal included in the first time interval of the vertical synchronization signal, the first initialization voltage is provided to the gate electrode of the first transistor (301); and By performing the signal again to the gate electrode of the second transistor (302) using the gate driver IC within the second time interval of the horizontal synchronization signal included in the first time interval of the vertical synchronization signal, the second initialization voltage is provided to the gate electrode of the first transistor (301). Electronic device (101).

14. In claim 13, The above criteria are: The difference between the grayscale of an image to be displayed within the first time interval of the vertical synchronization signal and the grayscale of another image displayed before the first time interval of the vertical synchronization signal is greater than or equal to the reference difference, The temperature of the above display panel (210) changes from the first reference range to the second reference range, or At least one of the brightness changes of the display panel (210) is included. Electronic device (101).

15. In claim 1, While a scan is being performed, which includes initializing the gate electrode of the first transistor (301), providing the data voltage to the initialized gate electrode of the first transistor (301), and providing current to the light-emitting element (300) through the first transistor (301) having the provided data voltage at the gate electrode of the first transistor (301), the first initialization and the second initialization are performed. Electronic device (101).

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