Portable blockchain mining devices with internal recirculation systems, and methods of use

Abstract

A portable blockchain mining system has a portable enclosure having end walls, side walls, a floor, and a roof, which collectively define an interior; an air inlet defined in a first end wall of the end walls; an air outlet defined in a second end wall of the end walls, opposite the first end wall; and a return air conduit, which is extended: from a hot aisle defined between a downstream end of the rack and the air outlet; and to an exterior of the first end wall.

Description

PORTABLE BLOCKCHAIN MINING DEVICES WITH INTERNAL RECIRCULATION SYSTEMS, AND METHODS OF USETECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] This document relates to portable blockchain mining devices with internal recirculation systems, and methods of use.BACKGROUND

[0002] The following paragraphs are not an admission that anything discussed in them is prior art or part of the knowledge of persons skilled in the art.

[0003] Portable enclosures, such as modified intermodal transport container units are known to be used to house plural cryptocurrency mining processors connected through the internet to verify cryptocurrency transactions. Such units consume enormous amounts of electricity and generate excessive heat as a result. Typical units will often draw in cooling air through an external grating, which may freeze up during winter due to ice and snow buildup.SUMMARY

[0004] A portable blockchain mining system comprising: a portable enclosure having opposed end walls, opposed side walls, a floor, and a roof, which collectively define an interior; a plurality of blockchain mining processors mounted on a rack within the interior of the portable enclosure; an air inlet defined in a first end wall of the end walls; an air outlet defined in a second end wall of the end walls, in with the portable enclosure is structured such that in use air moves in sequence into the portable enclosure through the air inlet, across the plurality of blockchain processors, and out the air outlet; a return air conduit, which is extended: from a hot aisle, defined downstream of the rack and upstream of the air outlet, to an exterior of the first end wall.

[0005] A method is disclosed comprising: operating a portable blockchain mining system using a plurality of blockchain mining processors contained within an interior of a portable enclosure to process transactions of a digital currency; and conveying air in sequence into the portable enclosure through an air inlet defined in a first end wall of the portable enclosure, across the plurality of blockchain processors, and out an air outlet defined in a second end wall of the portable enclosure; and diverting a portion of the air, from a hot aisle defined downstream of the plurality of blockchain mining processors and upstream of the air outlet, through a return air conduit to an exterior of the first end wall.

[0006] In various embodiments, there may be included any one or more of the following features: The primary air filter comprises an array of pocket filters. The primary filter is formed as or mounted on a permeable filter partition that is extended between the side walls within the interior to direct all air flow passing through the interior to pass through the primary filter. The pre-filter comprises an insect and weather screen. The rack forms a rack partition that is extended laterally between the opposed side walls and is hermetically sealed to define an upstream cold aisle and a downstream hot aisle. The rack comprises a matrix of beams and columns that are arranged to define plural processor-receiving openings, across which the plurality of blockchain mining processors extend. Each blockchain mining processor is contained within a respective miner housing, which also has a miner air fan located between a miner air inlet and a miner air outlet defined at upstream and downstream ends of the respective miner housing; and the rack mounts therespective miner housings in a matrix arrangement that forms a miner wall that extends a depth of a single respective miner housing. One or more of: the first end wall is defined by a first end door; and the second end wall is defined by a second end door. The side walls are configured to be free of electrical and network components, and access points or to locate the electrical and network components to be accessible from one or both the first and the second of the side walls, such that the electrical and network components are not obstructed by, and do not conflict with, additional portable blockchain mining systems identical to the portable blockchain mining system and that are stacked vertically or horizontally adjacent the portable blockchain mining system. A plurality of the portable blockchain mining systems are adjacent to one another. The portable enclosures are arranged side-by-side and parallel relative to one another, with side walls between adjacent portable enclosures in close proximity or in contact with one another. The portable enclosures are stacked on top of and parallel relative to one another, with roofs and bases of adjacent portable enclosures in close proximity or in contact with one another. The portable blockchain mining system is provided for a network that stores or has access to a blockchain database, the blockchain database being a distributed database stored on plural nodes in the network, the network being a peer-to-peer network, the blockchain database storing transactional information for a digital currency, and further comprising a network interface, which is connected to receive and transmit data through the internet to the network, which stores or has access to the blockchain database, in which the plurality of blockchain mining processors are connected to the network interface and adapted to mine transactions associated with the blockchain database and to communicate with the blockchain database. Operating the portable blockchain mining system to mine blockchain transactions in the blockchain network. The processor access door comprises peripheral weatherstripping. Each blockchain mining processor comprises one or more of: a body; a processor board mounted on the body and containing one or more application-specific integrated circuit chips; a controller; a power connector; a network connector; and one or more fans connected to direct air through the cooling air passageway across the blockchain mining processor to maintain the blockchain mining processor within a respective operating range of temperature. The one or more fans comprise one or more of: an intake fan at an intake end of the body; and a discharge fan at a discharge end of the body. Operating the blockchain mining processor of the blockchain mining system to process blockchain transactions. The blockchain mining processor has a network interface; the network interface is connected to receive and transmit data through the internet to a network that stores or has access to a blockchain database; and the mining processor is connected to the network interface and adapted to mine transactions into blocks associated with the blockchain database and to communicate with the blockchain database. The network is a peer-to-peer network; the blockchain database is a distributed database stored on plural nodes in the peer-to-peer network; and the blockchain database stores transactional information for a digital currency. Operating the blockchain mining system to: mine transactions with the blockchain mining system, for example by mining the most recent block on the blockchain with the blockchain mining system; and communicate wirelessly through the internet to communicate with a blockchain database. The network interfaces comprise one or more of a satellite, cellular, or radio antenna, connected to a modem. Successfully mining a block by a mining processor provides a reward of the digital currency, and the reward is assigned to a digital wallet or address stored on a computer readable medium. The system runs on polyphase (three phase) power or single-phase power. The portable housing hasheight dimensions of less than four feet. The portable housing forms a ground engaging skid. Two or more portable blockchain mining modules are secured together to form a wall of portable blockchain mining modules. The modules may be located anywhere, for example inside or outside a building. Two or more of the portable blockchain mining modules are stacked in a vertical stack one on top of the other, resting on each other by gravity and / or secured together using respective module mounting mechanisms. Two or more of the portable blockchain mining modules are arranged in a horizontal row, and unsecured or secured together using respective module mounting mechanisms. The portable blockchain mining modules are aligned such that the air inlets are located on a first side of the wall, and the air outlets are located on a second side of the wall. The portable blockchain mining modules are connected to receive power from a central power source. Before operating, stacking the plurality of portable blockchain mining modules in the vertical stack by securing the base of the first portable blockchain mining module to the roof of the second portable blockchain mining module. The wall has a horizontal row of two or more portable blockchain mining modules, with a side wall of one portable blockchain mining module secured to a side wall of another portable blockchain mining module. A return air conduit is defined below the rack. The rack is mounted on a subfloor above the floor. The return air conduit is defined between the subfloor and the floor. The return air conduit comprises a plenum defined between the subfloor, the floor, and parts of the end and side walls. The subfloor opens below the hot aisle in a downstream direction from the rack to define an entrance to the return air conduit. A downstream edge of the subfloor extends between the opposed side walls. One or more of: the entrance of the return air conduit comprises a grill; and the exit of the return air conduit comprises a grill. The recirculation conduit comprises a valve. The valve comprises a register. The return air conduit extends to below the air inlet. The rack and plurality of blockchain mining processors are hermetically sealed to define: a cold aisle between the air inlet and structural frame; and the hot aisle. The return air conduit is a passive conduit. A generator located adjacent the portable enclosure, the generator connected to provide electricity to the plurality of blockchain mining processors. The rack is extended laterally between the opposed side walls. One or more of: the first end wall is defined by a first end door; and the second end wall is defined by a second end door. The floor is supported by a ground-engaging base. Operating a portable blockchain mining system of to process transactions of a digital currency. A fan connected to convey air through the sequence or through the return air conduit. The fan is mounted adjacent the air inlet to push air through the interior to the air outlet.

[0007] These and other aspects of the device and method are set out in the claims, which are incorporated here by reference.

[0008] BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

[0009] Embodiments will now be described with reference to the figures, in which like reference characters denote like elements, by way of example, and in which:

[0010] Fig. 1 is a perspective view of a portable blockchain mining device with internal air recirculation, an air inlet, processor rack, cold aisle, hot aisle, air outlet and air return. Fig. 2 is a front-end view of the portable blockchain mining device of Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along the 3-3 section lines of Fig. 3. Fig. 4 is a rear end view of the portable blockchain mining device of Fig. 1. Fig. 5 is a side elevation view of the portable blockchain mining device of Fig. 1. Fig. 6 is the same cross-sectional view as Fig. 3, except with mining processors on the processor rack. Fig. 7 is a perspective view of the portableblockchain mining device of Fig. 1, with a door of the portable blockchain mining system open. Fig. 8 is a front-end view of the portable blockchain mining device of Fig. 1, with the door of the portable blockchain mining system open. Fig. 9 is a cross-sectional view taken along the 9-9 section lines of Fig. 8. Fig. 10 is a front-end view of the portable blockchain mining device of Fig. 7, with mining processors on the processor rack. Fig. 11 is a perspective view of the portable blockchain mining device of Fig. 10. Fig. 12 is a perspective view of another embodiment of a portable blockchain mining device. Fig. 13 is a side elevation view of the portable blockchain mining device of Fig. 12, with the door of the portable blockchain mining system open and a sidewall of the portable blockchain mining system removed. Fig. 14 is a close-up perspective of the portable blockchain mining device of Fig. 12, with the door of the portable blockchain mining system open and a sidewall of the portable blockchain mining system removed. Fig. 15 is a rear end perspective view of the portable blockchain mining device of Fig. 12, with the door of the portable blockchain mining system open and a sidewall of the portable blockchain mining system removed. Fig. 16 is a perspective view of a plurality of the portable blockchain mining device of Fig. 1 arranged in a wall configuration with two horizontal rows stacked vertically. Fig. 17 is a perspective view of a blockchain mining processor. Fig. 18 is a cross-sectional view of another embodiment of a portable blockchain mining device with internal air recirculation, an air inlet, a fan, processor rack, cold aisle, hot aisle, air outlet and air return. Fig. 19 is a perspective view of the portable blockchain mining device of Fig. 18. Fig. 20 is a perspective view of the portable blockchain mining device of Fig. 18.DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0011] Immaterial modifications may be made to the embodiments described here without departing from what is covered by the claims.

[0012] A cryptocurrency (or crypto currency) is a digital asset designed to work as a medium of exchange that uses strong cryptography to secure financial transactions, control the creation of additional units, and verify the transfer of assets. Cryptocurrencies use decentralized control as opposed to centralized digital currency and central banking systems. The decentralized control of each cryptocurrency works through distributed ledger technology, typically a blockchain that serves as a public financial transaction database.

[0013] As of the latest developments in cryptocurrency, several key topics are dominating the discourse. One notable area is the ongoing evolution of regulatory frameworks worldwide. Governments are increasingly scrutinizing and shaping policies around digital assets, aiming to balance innovation with investor protection and financial stability. Additionally, the integration of blockchain technology into various sectors is gaining momentum, with applications ranging from decentralized finance (DeFi) and non-fungible tokens (NFTs) to supply chain management and voting systems. The environmental impact of cryptocurrency mining remains a contentious issue, prompting discussions on transitioning to more sustainable practices. Moreover, the rise of central bank digital currencies (CBDCs) continues to reshape the landscape, posing both opportunities and challenges to traditional financial systems. Amidst these developments, market volatility persists, driven by factors such as macroeconomic trends, regulatory announcements, and technological advancements, underscoring the dynamic nature of the crypto space.

[0014] A blockchain is a form of database, which may be saved as a distributed ledger in a network of nodes that maintains a continuously growing list of records called blocks. Each block contains a timestampand a link to a previous block. The data in a block cannot be altered retrospectively without significant computational effort and majority consensus of the network. The first blockchain was allegedly conceptualized by Satoshi Nakamoto in 2008 and implemented the following year as a core component of the digital currency Bitcoin, where it serves as the public ledger for all transactions. Through the use of a peer-to- peer network and a distributed timestamping server, a blockchain database is managed autonomously. The administration of Bitcoin currency is currently the primary use for blockchain technology, but there are other use cases for blockchain technology to maintain accurate, tamper-proof databases. Examples include maintaining records of land titles and historical events. While the potential in blockchain technology is vast, Bitcoin remains the most widely used today.

[0015] By design, blockchains are inherently resistant (and assumed to be effectively impervious) to modification of the data — once recorded, the data in a block cannot be altered retroactively without network consensus. Blockchains are an open, distributed ledger that can record transactions between two parties efficiently and in a verifiable and permanent way. The ledger itself can also be programmed to trigger transactions automatically. Blockchains are secure by design and an example of a distributed computing system with high byzantine fault tolerance. Decentralized consensus can therefore be achieved with a blockchain. This makes the blockchain model suitable for the recording of events, medical records, and other records management activities, identity management, transaction processing and proving provenance. This offers the potential of mass disintermediation and vast repercussions for how global trade is conducted.

[0016] A blockchain facilitates secure online transactions. A blockchain is a decentralized digital ledger that records transactions on thousands of computers globally in such a way that the registered transactions cannot be altered retrospectively. This allows the participants to verify and audit transactions in an inexpensive manner. Transactions are authenticated by mass collaboration powered by collective selfinterests. The result is a robust workflow where participants' uncertainty regarding data security is marginal. The use of a blockchain removes the characteristic of infinite reproducibility from a digital asset. It confirms that each unit of digital cash was spent only once, solving the long-standing problem of double spending. Blockchains have been described as a value-exchange protocol. This exchange of value can be completed more quickly, more safely and more cheaply with a blockchain. A blockchain can assign title rights because it provides a record that compels offer and acceptance. From the technical point of view a blockchain is a hash chain inside another hash chain.

[0017] A blockchain database may comprise two kinds of records: transactions and blocks. Blocks may hold batches of valid transactions that are hashed and encoded into a Merkle tree. Each block may include the hash of the prior block in the blockchain, linking the two. Variants of this format were used previously, for example in Git, and may not by itself be sufficient to qualify as a blockchain. The linked blocks form a chain. This iterative process confirms the integrity of the previous block, all the way back to the original genesis block. Some blockchains create a new block as frequently as every five or fewer seconds. As blockchains age they are said to grow in height. Blocks are structured by division into layers.

[0018] Sometimes separate blocks may be validated concurrently, creating a temporary fork. In addition to a secure hash-based history, each blockchain has a specified algorithm for scoring different versions of the history so that one with a higher value can be selected over others. Blocks that are not selectedfor inclusion in the chain are called orphan blocks. Peers supporting the database don't have exactly the same version of the history at all times, rather they keep the highest scoring version of the database that they currently know of. Whenever a peer receives a higher scoring version (usually the old version with a single new block added) they extend or overwrite their own database and retransmit the improvement to their peers. There is never an absolute guarantee that any particular entry will remain in the best version of the history forever, but because blockchains are typically built to add the score of new blocks onto old blocks and there are incentives to only work on extending with new blocks rather than overwriting old blocks, the probability of an entry becoming superseded goes down exponentially as more blocks are built on top of it, eventually becoming very low. For example, in a blockchain using the proof-of-work system, the chain with the most cumulative proof-of-work is always considered the valid one by the network. In practice there are a number of methods that can demonstrate a sufficient level of computation. Within a blockchain the computation is carried out redundantly rather than in the traditional segregated and parallel manner.

[0019] Maintaining a blockchain database is referred to as mining, which refers to the distributed computational review process performed on each block of data in a block-chain. This allows for achievement of consensus in an environment where neither party knows or trusts each other. Those engaged in Bitcoin mining are rewarded for their effort with newly created Bitcoins and transaction fees, which may be transferred to a digital wallet of a user upon completion of a designated task. Bitcoin miners may be located anywhere globally and may be operated by anyone. The mining hardware is tied to the blockchain network via an internet connection. Thus, little infrastructure is needed to operate and contribute to the system. All that is required to become a Bitcoin miner is the appropriate computer hardware, an internet connection and low-cost electricity. The cheaper the electricity the more reward the miner will receive relative to competition, other miners.

[0020] Mining also includes the process of adding transaction records to Bitcoin's public ledger of past transactions. This ledger of past transactions is referred to as the blockchain as it is essentially a chain of blocks. The blockchain serves to confirm transactions to the rest of the network as having taken place. Bitcoin nodes use the blockchain to distinguish legitimate Bitcoin transactions from attempts to re-spend coins that have already been spent elsewhere. Mining may be intentionally designed to be resource-intensive and difficult so that the number of blocks found each day by miners remains steady. Individual blocks may be required to contain a proof-of-work to be considered valid. This proof-of-work is verified by other Bitcoin nodes each time they receive a block. Bitcoin presently uses the hash cash proof-of-work function.

[0021] One purpose of mining is to allow Bitcoin nodes to reach a secure, tamper-resistant consensus. Mining may also be the mechanism used to introduce Bitcoins into the system: Miners are paid any transaction fees as well as a subsidy of newly created coins. This both serves the purpose of disseminating new coins in a decentralized manner as well as motivating people to provide security for the system. Bitcoin mining is so called because it resembles the mining of other commodities: it requires exertion and it slowly makes new currency available at a rate that resembles the rate at which commodities like gold are mined from the ground.

[0022] Mining requires computational effort in the form of CPU cycles (CPU = central processing unit or central processor) to run a cryptographic hashing algorithm associated with the particular blockchainprotocol. For a given mining processor, one can modify the computational effort through changing the core voltage or the clock rate of the processor. Doing so may result in more or less power consumed by the mining processor, and in some embodiments within this document such changes are described as changing the mining activity, or hash rate.

[0023] As the total network computational effort (or hash rate) increases on a blockchain over time, the probability for an individual miner to find a block and receive a reward diminishes. Today the Bitcoin network is so large that most individuals engaged in mining Bitcoin typically mine in pools using protocols such as the Stratum Mining Protocol. Pooling resources allows individual miners to increase their reward frequency as a trade-off for splitting the block reward with the rest of the pool. Miners who are pool mining do not need the associated equipment needed to run a mining node as they only need compute and submit proof- of-work shares issued by the mining pool.

[0024] Since the energy cost of running blockchain mining equipment is its primary operating cost, a trend towards mining on low-cost hydroelectric power has become prevalent. This trend has promoted the centralization of blockchain miners in specific countries with abundant hydroelectric power, as miners who do not have access to cheap hydroelectricity cannot mine profitably because they are competing with the miners who do have access. Bitcoin mining centralization has been occurring in places where there is abundant low- cost hydroelectric power. Centralization in blockchain mining is undesirable because the premise behind the blockchain innovation is not to have to trust a third party and to have inherent confidence and security through a decentralized, distributed network. Thus, there exists a need to further decentralize Bitcoin and other blockchain mining through a more decentralized source of low-cost power.

[0025] Decentralized cryptocurrency is produced by the entire cryptocurrency system collectively, at a rate which is defined when the system is created and which is publicly known. In centralized banking and economic systems such as the US Federal Reserve System, corporate boards or governments control the supply of currency. In the case of decentralized cryptocurrency, companies or governments cannot produce new units, and have not so far provided backing for other firms, banks or corporate entities which hold asset value measured in it. The underlying technical system upon which decentralized cryptocurrencies are based was created by the group or individual known as Satoshi Nakamoto. As of May 2018, over 1,800 cryptocurrency specifications existed. Within a proof-of-work cryptocurrency system such as Bitcoin, the safety, integrity and balance of ledgers is maintained by a community of mutually distrustful parties referred to as miners: who use their computers to help validate and timestamp transactions, adding them to the ledger in accordance with a particular timestamping scheme. In a proof-of-stake (PoS) blockchain, transactions are validated by holders of the associated cryptocurrency, sometimes grouped together in stake pools. Most cryptocurrencies are designed to gradually decrease the production of that currency, placing a cap on the total amount of that currency that will ever be in circulation. Compared with ordinary currencies held by financial institutions or kept as cash on hand, cryptocurrencies can be more difficult for seizure by law enforcement.

[0026] A cryptocurrency wallet stores the public and private "keys" (address) or seed which can be used to receive or spend the cryptocurrency. With the private key, it is possible to write in the public ledger, effectively spending the associated cryptocurrency. With the public key, it is possible for others to send currency to the wallet. There exist multiple methods of storing keys or seed in a wallet from using paperwallets which are traditional public, private or seed keys written on paper to using hardware wallets which are dedicated hardware to securely store your wallet information, using a digital wallet which is a computer with a software hosting your wallet information, hosting your wallet using an exchange where cryptocurrency is traded, or by storing your wallet information on a digital medium such as plaintext.

[0027] Bitcoin is pseudonymous rather than anonymous in that the cryptocurrency within a wallet is not tied to people, but rather to one or more specific keys (or "addresses"). Thereby, bitcoin owners are not identifiable, but all transactions are publicly available in the blockchain. Still, cryptocurrency exchanges are often required by law to collect the personal information of their users. Additions such as Monero, Zerocoin, Zerocash and CryptoNote have been suggested, which would allow for additional anonymity and fungibility.

[0028] Blockchains may be used in association with non-currency applications, such as in the case of a non-fungible token (NFT), which is a unique and non-interchangeable unit of data stored on a digital ledger (blockchain). NFTs may be associated with easily -reproducible items such as photos, videos, audio, and other types of digital files as unique items (analogous to a certificate of authenticity). NFTs use blockchain technology to provide a public proof of ownership. Copies of the original file are not restricted to the owner of the NFT, and can be copied and shared like any file. The lack of interchangeability (fungibility) distinguishes NFTs from traditional blockchain cryptocurrencies, such as Bitcoin. The embodiments of this disclosure cover blockchain engaging systems, including those that relate to cryptocurrencies, NFTs, and others.

[0029] Portable blockchain mining systems offer a compact and flexible solution for individuals or small-scale operations seeking to engage in cryptocurrency mining. These systems typically consist of compact hardware configurations, often leveraging high-performance graphics processing units (GPUs) or application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs) optimized for mining specific cryptocurrencies. Portable mining systems are designed to be easily transportable and set up in various locations, providing flexibility in deployment and reducing reliance on fixed infrastructure. Moreover, advancements in power efficiency and cooling technologies have enabled the development of portable mining rigs that can operate efficiently in diverse environments, from home setups to mobile units deployed in unconventional locations. Additionally, some portable mining systems may incorporate integrated power management features or renewable energy sources to enhance sustainability and reduce operating costs. Overall, these systems offer an accessible entry point for mining enthusiasts or entrepreneurs looking to participate in blockchain validation while maintaining mobility and adaptability.

[0030] An intermodal transport container is a large standardized shipping container, designed and built for intermodal freight transport, meaning these containers can be used across different modes of transport - from ship to rail to truck - without unloading and reloading their cargo. Intermodal containers are primarily used to store and transport materials and products efficiently and securely in the global containerized intermodal freight transport system, but smaller numbers are in regional use as well. These containers are known under a number of names, such as simply container, cargo or freight container, ISO container, shipping, sea or ocean container, sea van or (Conex) box, sea can or C can.

[0031] Intermodal transport containers exist in many types and a number of standardized sizes, but ninety percent of the global container fleet are so-called "dry freight" or "general purpose" containers, durable closed steel boxes, mostly of either twenty- or forty-feet standard length, although other lengths may be used.In some cases, transport containers have a range of lengths from eight to sixty feet. Common heights are eight feet six inches and nine feet six inches, with the latter often referred to as High Cube or Hi -Cube containers, although other heights may be used. Common widths are eight feet, although other widths may be used such as six foot three inches, eight foot six inches, or larger or smaller. Transport containers are a means to bundle cargo and goods into larger, unitized loads, that can be easily handled, moved, and stacked, and that will pack tightly in a ship or yard. Intermodal containers share a number of key construction features to withstand the stresses of intermodal shipping, to facilitate their handling and to allow stacking, as well as being identifiable through their individual, unique ISO 6346 reporting mark.

[0032] Transport containers may be transferred between rail, truck, and ship by container cranes at container terminals. Forklifts, reach stackers, straddle carriers, and cranes may be used to load and unload trucks or trains outside of container terminals. Swap bodies, sidelifters, tilt deck trucks, and hook trucks may allow transfer to and from trucks with no extra equipment. ISO-standard containers can be handled and lifted in a variety of ways by their comer fixtures, but the structure and strength of forty five-foot (type E) containers limits their tolerance of side-lifting, nor can they be forklifted, based on ISO 3874 (1997).Transport containers can be transported by container ship, truck and freight trains as part of a single journey without unpacking. Transport containers often include corrugated walls for strength. Each corner of the container may include a twist lock fitting or other fitting for securing the container to other containers and to various transportation devices such as a container trailer for a road-based tractor unit. Reinforcing beams may span the edges of the container, for example the vertical columns that make up the four corners between sidewalls, and the horizontal beams that make up the longitudinal and lateral side edges of the base of the container. Half the containers that enter the United States are believed to leave empty. The value of such containers in the U.S. is thus lower than in China, and such containers are thus available for use with non- freight-related purposes. For example, the U.S. military often used its Conex containers as on-site storage, or easily transportable housing for command staff and medical clinics. Repurposing used shipping containers offers a practical solution to both social and ecological problems.

[0033] A portable transport container may be used to provide a modular data center system, which is a portable method of deploying data center capacity at a remote location. A modular data center may be placed anywhere data capacity is needed. A modular data center system may include purpose-engineered modules and components to offer scalable data center capacity with multiple power and cooling options. Modules may be shipped to be added, integrated or retrofitted into an existing data center or combined into a system of modules. Modular data centers typically consist of standardized components. A modular data center may fit data center equipment (servers, storage and networking equipment) into a standard shipping container, which is then transported to a desired location. A containerized data center may come outfitted with its own cooling system.

[0034] Transport container-based blockchain mining systems represent a novel approach to enhancing the portability and scalability of mining operations. Leveraging standardized transportable containers as the structural framework, these systems integrate mining hardware, power infrastructure, and cooling mechanisms into a modular, containerized unit. By utilizing a portable enclosure or other transport container that is designed for seamless transportation across different modes such as ships, trains, and trucks,these mining systems offer unparalleled mobility and ease of deployment. Additionally, container-based designs facilitate rapid scaling of mining operations by allowing for the easy stacking and interconnection of multiple units, creating a scalable and efficient mining infrastructure. Furthermore, these systems can be equipped with advanced monitoring and management capabilities, enabling remote control and optimization of mining activities. Intermodal container-based blockchain mining systems thus represent a sophisticated solution for maximizing the flexibility, efficiency, and scalability of cryptocurrency mining operations in diverse geographical and operational contexts.

[0035] Portable blockchain mining systems are being used with increasing frequency to leverage remote energy sources to enhance sustainability and reduce operational costs. These systems can utilize a variety of renewable energy sources, such as solar panels, wind turbines, and hydroelectric generators, to power mining operations in remote or off-grid locations. Solar panels offer a particularly attractive option, leveraging abundant sunlight to generate electricity for mining rigs. Wind turbines harness the kinetic energy of wind to produce electricity, making them suitable for windy locations. Hydroelectric generators utilize the flow of water to generate power, making them ideal for installations near rivers or streams. By tapping into these remote energy sources, portable mining systems can reduce their reliance on traditional grid electricity, mitigating environmental impact and lowering operational expenses. Additionally, the use of remote energy sources aligns with the growing emphasis on sustainability in the cryptocurrency mining sector, contributing to a more eco-friendly and resilient mining infrastructure.

[0036] Stranded or remote oil and gas wells often encounter challenges in effectively managing associated natural gas, leading to wastage and environmental concerns. These wells, located in areas often lacking sufficient infrastructure for gas capture and transportation, frequently resort to flaring or venting excess gas as a byproduct of oil extraction. Flaring involves burning off gas into the atmosphere, while venting releases it directly without combustion, both contributing to greenhouse gas emissions and air pollution. The environmental impact is exacerbated by the release of methane, a potent greenhouse gas, during these processes. Additionally, flaring and venting can lead to local air quality degradation and pose health risks to nearby communities. Furthermore, the economic value of the wasted gas is lost, representing a missed opportunity for revenue generation and resource optimization. Thus, stranded or remote oil and gas wells present a critical challenge in terms of both environmental sustainability and economic efficiency, necessitating innovative solutions to mitigate gas wastage and minimize associated environmental impacts.

[0037] Casing gas from remote and stranded oil and gas wells is often used to power various wellhead equipment used to produce oil and perform other site-specific functions. Casing gas, also known as casinghead gas, is typically composed of methane, ethane, propane, and other hydrocarbons, which can be utilized as a fuel source for on-site generators or turbines. These generators convert casing gas into electricity, which is then used to power various equipment and processes, such as pumps, compressors, and instrumentation. By utilizing casing gas to meet on-site energy needs, oil and gas operators can reduce reliance on external power sources, lower operational costs, and minimize environmental impact by mitigating flaring or venting of excess gas. Moreover, harnessing casing gas for on-site power generation enhances operational efficiency and resilience, particularly at remote or stranded well sites where access to gridelectricity may be limited. This approach not only maximizes resource utilization but also contributes to sustainability efforts within the oil and gas industry by reducing emissions and minimizing waste.

[0038] Integrating container-based portable blockchain mining systems at oil and gas wells presents a unique opportunity to leverage existing infrastructure and optimize resource utilization. These systems can be deployed at well sites to utilize excess or otherwise wasted energy, such as flared natural gas, to power mining operations. By capturing and converting flared gas into electricity using on-site generators or microturbines, container-based mining rigs can operate off-grid while simultaneously addressing environmental concerns associated with gas flaring. Furthermore, the modular and scalable nature of container-based designs allows for easy deployment and expansion across multiple well sites, maximizing the utilization of available energy resources. This approach not only provides a sustainable solution for cryptocurrency mining but also offers additional revenue streams for oil and gas operators by monetizing previously untapped energy resources. Moreover, the integration of blockchain technology can enhance transparency and efficiency in energy production and distribution processes at these sites, further optimizing operations and reducing waste.

[0039] Space constraints on well site leases present significant challenges for oil and gas operators, particularly in terms of infrastructure deployment and operational efficiency. Remote well sites often have limited available space due to factors such as rugged terrain, environmental regulations, and competing land use. These constraints can impact the placement of essential equipment such as production facilities, storage tanks, pipelines, and more recently, portable blockchain mining systems, requiring careful planning and optimization of layout designs. Additionally, space limitations may restrict the implementation of safety measures, emergency response infrastructure, and environmental mitigation measures, posing risks to personnel, assets, and the surrounding ecosystem. Moreover, the compact footprint of remote well sites can hinder the installation of additional equipment or expansion of operations, limiting the potential for future development and resource extraction.

[0040] The space constraints inherent on well leases and other hydrocarbon production, storage, and distribution systems, combined with the size and footprint of existing portable blockchain mining systems, presents a unique problem to well operators hoping to leverage a supply of excess gas into a mining reward. Portable blockchain mining systems may take up a relatively large space on a lease, such as would be expected by a standard-sized intermodal container of 20’ length and 8’ width. In fact, space constraints at other sites, not just at well leases, but at other industrial, residential, and commercial sites, may restrict the use of portable blockchain mining systems. Many existing portable blockchain mining systems on the market permit stacking to address space constrains, however, usually adjacent systems or stacks of systems must be arranged in particular, relatively high-footprint arrangements to avoid adjacent systems from overheating due to proximity conflicts between the cooling and air flow infrastructure of such systems. In addition, many such systems incorporate obstructive extensions, hoods, and HVAC parts that prevent the systems from being deployed side-by-side.

[0041] Deploying a portable blockchain mining system after shipment from a manufacturer to an end user entails several key steps to ensure efficient deployment and operation. Upon arrival at the designated site, the first task may involve unloading the container and positioning the system in a suitable location, considering factors such as accessibility, stability, and proximity to power sources. Next, the container may besecurely anchored, and any necessary leveling adjustments are made to ensure stability and safety. Once in place, the power infrastructure may be connected, including power cables, transformers, and other electrical connections. Mining hardware may come pre-installed and configured, including GPUs or ASICs, cooling systems, although if it does not such hardware may need to be installed on site, in addition to any required networking equipment. This process involves mounting hardware racks, connecting power supplies, and configuring mining software settings for optimal performance. Additionally, monitoring and management systems may be set up to remotely track mining operations and ensure efficient resource utilization. Finally, rigorous testing and optimization procedures are conducted to validate system functionality and performance before initiating full-scale mining operations. Such a protocol involves numerous steps and may represent a significant challenge faced by an operator even after purchasing a system that contains all required mining processors.

[0042] In colder climates, the use of portable blockchain mining systems may be hindered by ice and snow buildup obstructing the ventilation systems of such units. These systems rely on effective airflow to dissipate heat generated by the mining hardware, ensuring optimal performance and longevity. However, in cold climates or environments prone to freezing temperatures, condensation may occur within entry points to the ventilation system, leading to ice formation. In some cases, snow cover may accumulate over entry points, reducing the size of the air inlet, and dropping the efficiency of the system as the ventilation system loses capacity to cool the mining devices contained within the interior of the system. Ice and snow buildup not only restricts airflow but also increases the risk of equipment overheating, potentially causing hardware damage or operational failures. Mitigating this problem requires innovative engineering solutions, such as incorporating heating elements within the ventilation system to prevent ice formation or implementing automated monitoring systems to detect and address airflow obstructions promptly. However, heating elements require additional power, reducing the potential profit of the system, either from additional cost expenditure to power the heating elements, or from reduced mining operations as power is diverted to heat the air inlet. Designing portable mining systems with durable materials resistant to extreme weather conditions may enhance reliability and operational efficiency in challenging environments.

[0043] Referring to Figs. 1-16 and 18, a portable blockchain mining system 10 is illustrated. The system 10 may comprise a portable enclosure 12, for example having side walls 14, end walls 16 and 18, a roof 20, and a base 22. The walls 14, 16, 18, roof 20 and base 22 may collectively define an interior 24. The base 22 may comprise or support a floor 21 of the enclosure 12. The system 10 may have an air inlet 36 defined in a first end wall 16 of the end walls. The system 10 may have an air outlet 40 defined in a second end wall 18 of the end walls, opposite the first end wall 16. A plurality of blockchain mining devices 154, such as mining processors 156 may be mounted on or to a rack 120 within the interior 24 of the portable enclosure 12. The portable enclosure 12 may be structured such that in use air moves in sequence into the portable enclosure 12 through the air inlet 36, across the plurality of blockchain processors 156, and out the air outlet 40. The portable enclosure 12 may comprise a return air conduit 72. The return air conduit 72 may extend from a hot aisle 140 to an exterior 26 of the first end wall 16. The hot aisle 140 may be defined between a downstream end 121 of the rack 120 and the air outlet 40. The system 10 may have one or more air filters, such as pre-filter 38 or primary or main filter 114. Processors 156 may be mounted on the rack 120downstream of the air filter 114. Walls, bases, and roofs may be planar as shown, forming a rectangular box when assembled, although other shapes and sizes of containers may be used. End doors 44 and 48 may be provided at one or both first end wall 16 and second end wall 18, respectively. In use, the portable blockchain mining system 10 may be operated to process transactions of a digital currency.

[0044] Referring to Figs. 1-17, the enclosure 12 may have suitable properties. In some cases, the enclosure 12 may have a rectangular box shape. Referring to Figs. 2-3, the enclosure 12 may have a length 28 of side walls approximately equal to a width 30 of the end walls. A height 29 of the enclosure may be greater than the width 30 and length 28, for example 50% greater or more than both. Enclosure 12 may have a length 28 of side walls greater than width 30 of the end walls. Dimensions of twenty feet or less for length 28 may be used, for example if a standard intermodal container is used as enclosure 12, although in some cases longer dimensions may be used, such as if a forty -foot-long container were employed. The length 28 may be at least two times longer than the width 30. The enclosure 12 may define a weather-proof, hermetically -sealed enclosure, with the exception of the air inlet 36 and outlet 40. The enclosure 12 may have reinforced metal walls, such as corrugated steels walls, roof, base, and doors. Walls, bases, roofs, and doors may be insulated if needed. Corrugated panels may be used, and may be embedded within walls, bases, roofs, and doors for strength. Walls, bases, roofs, and doors may be constructed with suitable beam members and column members to form the structural frame that supports internal and external panel surfaces, such as floor panels or wall panels. Referring to Fig. 1, locking mechanisms may be provided on the doors, such as padlocks, and cross bar locks. Cross bar locks may be extendable tubular metal clamps that attach with the doors’ locking rods or handles, and whose ends engage bar receivers, such as defined in specialized ported end beam members in the roof 20, base 22, or side walls 14 when extended, and can be secured by padlock. The keyed lock mechanism keeps the clamp stays in place. Referring to Figs. 1-3, the portable enclosure 12 may incorporate or be supported by a ground-engaging base 22. In some cases, the floor 21 of the enclosure 12 is supported by the base 22. The floor 21 may comprise a panel, or other suitable structure. Suitable structural members, such as feet or columns 182 and beams 184 may be used to form a structural frame capable of acting as a base 22 for the enclosure. The use of a base 22 may act to raise the enclosure 12 off the ground surface in use, for better protection and isolation of the interior components from the elements.

[0045] Referring to Figs. 3, 6, 8-9, 13 and 16, the enclosure 12 may define a suitable path of air flow therethrough. In the example shown an air inlet 36 is defined in first end wall 16, in doors 44. The air inlet 36 may be covered by an appropriate filter, such as an insect or weather screen filter 38. The air inlet 36 may define a sufficient surface area of the end wall 16, such as fifty percent, seventy -five percent or greater of the total surface area of the end wall 16, for sufficient air flow to properly operate the mining processor 156. The air outlet 40 may be located to permit exit of air from the interior 24. In the example shown an air outlet 40 is defined in second end wall 18, in the gate door 48. The air outlet 40 may define a sufficient surface area of the end wall 18, such as fifty percent, seventy -five percent or greater of the total surface area of the end wall 18, for sufficient air flow to properly operate the mining processor 156. The air outlet 40 may be located to permit exit of air from the interior 24. The inlet 36 and outlet 40 may define an axis 34 of air flow from one to the other, defining a cold and hot end of the enclosure 12. Inlets and outlets in other areas of the enclosure 12 may be used in some cases, such as in the roof, base, or side walls.

[0046] Referring to Figs. 3, 6-11 and 18, the system 10 may incorporate a suitable primary air filter 114. The one or more air filters may comprise a primary air filter 114 that is upstream of the rack 120. The primary filter 114 may be formed as or mounted on the first end door 44 between the side walls 14 within the interior 24 to direct all air flow passing through the interior 24 to pass through the primary filter. The primary air filter 114 may have a suitable configuration, such as an array of pocket filters 116. Pocket air filters may comprise multiple layers of filtration media enclosed within a structural frame, such as a frame or partition that contains a matrix of openings, forming individual pockets or compartments over each opening. Pocket filters may use materials such as synthetic fibers, fiberglass, or pleated paper to efficiently trap airborne particles and contaminants. The pocket design may allow for a significant surface area within a compact structure, enabling high dust-holding capacity and extended service life. Additionally, pocket filters typically feature a rigid header or support grid to maintain structural integrity and ensure uniform airflow distribution across the filter surface. Various filter efficiency ratings, such as MERV (Minimum Efficiency Reporting Value) or HEPA (High-Efficiency Particulate Air), are available to accommodate diverse application requirements, ranging from residential HVAC systems to industrial environments. Other types of filters may be used, such as flat panel filters, pleated filters, HEPA filters, and electrostatic filters.

[0047] Referring to Figs. 3, 6-11 and 18, the one or more air filters may comprise a pre-filter, for example upstream of the primary air filter 114. The pre-filter may in general be located upstream of the rack 120, for example at or near the inlet 36. In the example shown, the pre-filter may be formed by a plurality of louvers 53. In other cases, the pre-filter (or the primary filter 114 itself) may form a screen, or array of screens, that screen out larger debris such as insects, dirt, as well as weather components such as snow, ice, and hail. An insect and weather screen may be engineered with specialized features to permit the passage of air while effectively filtering out snow and bugs. Insect and weather filters may play a role in safeguarding the internal mining equipment of the enclosure 12, particularly in environments prone to debris accumulation and inclement weather conditions. Such filters may be specifically designed to prevent insects, dust, dirt, and other contaminants from entering sensitive components within the enclosure 12. By effectively blocking such particles, insect and weather filters may help maintain optimal airflow through the enclosure 12, prevent overheating, and prolong the lifespan of equipment. Moreover, in regions with heavy precipitation or high winds, weather filters serve as a barrier against water ingress, reducing the risk of moisture-related damage to electronic components. Typically constructed from durable materials such as stainless steel or aluminum, these screens may boast fine mesh patterns designed to prevent the ingress of insects and other pests while allowing for unrestricted airflow. Additionally, the screens may be engineered to withstand harsh weather conditions, including heavy snowfall, without compromising their filtration capabilities. The pre-filter may be formed by one or more screen panels that extend across respective opening. In other cases, larger screen panels may extend across plural openings. The screen itself may be constructed from a fine mesh or perforated material, engineered to allow airflow while blocking debris, insects, and larger particles. This mesh is tightly woven or designed with precision perforations to maintain its effectiveness in harsh weather conditions. The size and shape of the weather screen are tailored to fit over ventilation openings or equipment enclosures, ensuring comprehensive protection without impeding airflow. Additionally, some weather screens may feature removable or replaceable components to facilitate maintenance and cleaning, enhancing their longevity andfunctionality. The outlet 40 may incorporate a post-filter, such as louvers 42. A suitable post-filter may have a similar or identical structure to the pre-filter, forming a screen that filters out insects and weather elements, while permitting sufficient airflow therethrough. The post-filter may be formed by one or more screen panels that extends across respective openings. In other cases, larger screen panels may extend across plural openings. Referring to Figs. 2 and 3, louvers 53 or bars may be provided across the air inlet 36, for example in addition to or instead of filter 38. The outlet 40 may be covered by an appropriate filter, such as an insect or weather screen filter, and / or louvers (not shown).

[0048] Referring to Figs. 3, 6-14 and 18, the system 10 may be structured to permit recirculation of heated exhaust air to the air inlet 36. The return air conduit 72 may permit recirculation of heated exhaust air to the exterior 26 of the first end wall 16. The return air conduit 72 may be defined at least partially below the rack 120. The rack 120 may be mounted on a subfloor 56 above the floor 21, for example supported by or forming part of the base 22. The return air conduit 72 as shown may be defined between the subfloor 56 and the floor 21. Although the subfloor 56 is illustrated as spaced directly above the floor 21, in other cases the subfloor 56 may define the conduit 72 between subfloor 56 and a further subfloor or suitable structure above the base 22. The subfloor 56 may open, below the hot aisle 140 to fluidly communicate with air passing in a downstream direction from the rack 120 to define a lateral entrance 74 to the return air conduit 72. A downstream edge 76 of the subfloor 56 may extend between the opposed side walls 14, at a suitable location such as below the rack 120, for further example below the downstream end 121 of the rack 120. The return air conduit 72 may permit recirculation and diversion of air from the hot aisle 140 to the exterior 26 of the first end wall 16, where the heated air may then re-enter the enclosure 12 through the air inlet 36. The hot aisle 140 may be defined by spacing the downstream end 121 of the rack off the interior surfaces of the second end wall 18 a sufficient amount. By providing a structure that in use diverts heated exhaust air to an exterior of the air inlet, the heat exhaust air is able to transfer heat to any water that has built up, and in some cases, frozen on the air inlet 36 itself. Thus, the recirculation of air may be used to both regulate a temperature of cooling air that is ventilated through the system 10, and work to minimize the buildup of ice and snow present upon the air inlet 36.

[0049] Referring to Figs. 3, 6-14 and 18, the return air conduit 72 may have a suitable structure. The return air conduit 72 may comprise or form a plenum, for example defined between the subfloor 56, the floor 21, and lower parts of the end walls 16 and 18 and side walls 14. The entrance 74 of the return air conduit 72 may be defined in or adjacent to the hot aisle 140. The entrance 74 may be covered or otherwise defined by a grill 75 (shown only in Fig. 9), such as a screen, or other structure forming a permeable barrier. An exit 78 of the return air conduit 72 may be defined in a lower portion of the first end wall 16. The exit 78 may comprise or be defined by a grill as shown, for example a plurality of vents 54 that each mount a grill across then- respective access ports. The return air conduit 72 may be formed by or within a suitable structural frame, such as includes internal structural members such as posts 58 and beams 60. The plenum of the air conduit 72 may extend from the entrance of the return air conduit 72 to the exit of the return air conduit 72. Although the air conduit 72 is illustrated as formed by the various floors and walls of the enclosure 12, in other cases the conduit 72 may be defined by a suitable ventilation component, such as a metal ventilation tube / stack or plurality of same.

[0050] Referring to Figs. 3, 6-14 and 18, the system 10 may be structured to permit controlled and adjustable recirculation of heated exhaust air. The return air conduit 72 may be configmed to operate in either an active or inactive mode. The recirculation conduit 72 may comprise a valve. The valve may comprise a register. A heat register includes a component of HVAC (Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning) systems, responsible for regulating airflow and temperature distribution within a building. A suitable register may include several components and designs tailored to specific functions. One component of a heat register may include a faceplate 51, and a damper 55. In some cases, a diffuser may be used. A faceplate, often made of metal or plastic, may be the visible part of the register installed on the wall, floor, or ceiling of the enclosure 12, or in this case the vent 52. The faceplate may be the part through which air enters or exits the return air conduit 72, in this case exiting via vent 52 in the example shown. The damper 55, may be located behind or form part of the faceplate, and may be an adjustable mechanism that controls the airflow by opening or closing the register. A suitable damper may allow a user to customize the airflow to the air inlet 36 for efficient heating or cooling of cooling air or removal / prevention of ice and snow buildup at inlet 36. A diffuser may be positioned within the ductwork and designed to distribute airflow evenly, minimizing drafts and ensuring consistent temperature throughout the space. Heat registers come in various designs to suit different installation requirements, including wall, floor, or ceiling-mounted options, as well as different shapes and sizes to accommodate specific architectural features and airflow demands. Additionally, some registers may feature adjustable louvers or dampers for more precise airflow control, while others may incorporate insulation or sound-dampening materials to enhance energy efficiency and reduce noise levels. The register or valve 47 may be connected to permit a controlled range of bypass of cooling air from the entrance 74 to the exit 78. A suitable damper 55 may comprise a slider door, for example having a panel or other blocking part, mounted to a recirculation port in the return air conduit. The damper 55 may be positioned in various positions, from a blocking position (inactive mode), to an open position (active mode), and a range of position in between as needed. The valve may be manually or automatically adjustable. In some cases, a controller and actuator may be provided to operate the damper, for example via remote off-site control by an operator monitoring function of the system 10. A manual valve may have a handle and operate similar to a heat register in a building, where the user or a controller adjusts the amount of recirculation permitted from zero percent to one hundred percent recirculation by moving the valve between the closed and open positions. A controller (not shown) and actuator (not shown) may be used for adjusting the position of the valve to achieve a desired range of mining processor 156 temperatures during operation. The valve may be adjusted in response to ambient temperatures outside the enclosure 12, for example via one or more thermostats (not shown) or other temperature sensors, to adjust the temperature of incoming cooling air, and to respond to ice or snow buildup on air inlet 36. A filter, such as a grating may be provided over the valve. The heat recirculation air register / slider may allow a user to put heat back towards the air inlet 36 in cold weather to melt any snow ingress that accumulates, as well as to pre-heat the air heading into the interior 24 of the enclosure 12 to prevent mining processor devices 154 temperatures dropping out of a suitable operating range of temperatures.

[0051] Referring to Figs. 2-3, and 5-11, the return air conduit 72 may extend to a suitable location at or adjacent the air inlet 36, for example below the air inlet 36. In use, heated exhaust air from the mining processor devices 154 may enter the hot aisle 140. The rack 120 and plurality of blockchain mining processors156 may be hermetically sealed to define a cold aisle 138 between the air inlet 36 and structural frame, upstream of the hot aisle 140. The heated exhaust air in the hot aisle 140 may exit the enclosure through the air outlet 40 and at least some of this exhaust air may enter the return air conduit 72. The heated exhaust air may exit the return air conduit 72 at or below the air inlet 36. In some examples, a base 44C of the first end door 44 may extend past the exit of the return air conduit 72, in which case the door 44 may comprise vents 54 which align with the return air conduit 72. The exit 78 of the return air conduit 72 may be defined through the first end door 44, for example via one or more vents 54 defined above a base 44C of the door 44. Referring to Figs. 12-14, in other case, the base 44C of the door 44 may be located above the exit 78 of the return air conduit 72, with the vent or vents 54 located below the base 44C. Conveying heated exhaust air from the return air conduit 72 to a location below the air inlet 36 may be used in lower temperature environments to heat incoming air to avoid freezing the processors 156, melt any ice or snow build up on the inlet 36, and / or it keep any liquid condensation in liquid form or evaporate the liquid condensation in order to keep the inlet 36 clear. As hot air rises, the heated exhaust air may rise to efficiently contact the air inlet 36 as desired.

[0052] Referring to Figs. 3, 6, 9, 17 and 18, air may be conveyed about the system 10, and into the return air conduit 72, via a suitable mechanism. Referring to Fig. 17, a suitable mining processor 156 may comprise one or more of an intake fan 162 and a discharge fan 164, which may be used to move air through the processors 156. The fan or fans of the processor 156, along with the heat emitted from the processor 156, may collectively operate to create relatively low pressure upstream, and high pressure downstream, of the processor 156. In some cases, the system 10 may comprise an inlet fan (not shown) and / or an outlet fan (not shown) to convey air through the ventilation of system 10. An inlet fan may be located at a suitable location, such as upstream of the rack 120. The outlet fan may be located at a suitable location, such as downstream of the rack 120. One or more of the intake fan 162, discharge fan 164, inlet fan, and / or outlet fan may independently or collectively produce an air pressure pattern that induces air to pass through the return air conduit 72. There may be relatively lower pressure at the exterior 26 of the first end wall 16 due to air being drawn through the air inlet 36 by one or more of the intake fan 162, discharge fan 164, inlet fan, and outlet fan. The relatively lower air pressure at the exterior 26 of the first end wall 16 may cause heated exhaust air to be drawn from the relatively higher air pressure hot aisle 140, through the return air conduit 72, to the exterior 26 of the first end wall 16 and back into the air inlet 36. In the example shown, the return air conduit 72 may form a passive conduit, as the pressure differential created by the components referred to above may provide sufficient action to move air through the conduit 72 as required.

[0053] Referring to Figs. 3, 6-12, 14-15 and 18, the system 10 may incorporate a rack 120 within the interior 24. The rack 120 may form a rack partition 122 that is extended laterally between the opposed side walls 14. The rack partition 122 may be hermetically sealed, for example about a periphery 134 adjacent side walls 14, roof 20, or base 22, indirectly or directly. The partition 122 may define an upstream cold aisle 138 and a downstream hot aisle 140. In server racking configurations, hot and cold aisles refer to the organization of airflow within data centers to optimize cooling efficiency. A cold aisle will face a direction of air flow, for example along axis 34, with cold air supplied from the exterior directed by fan 98 toward the rack 120. In contrast, a hot aisle is defined downstream of the rack 120, where hot exhaust air is expelled after being generated by the processors 156. This arrangement helps to segregate hot and cold air streams, preventing therecirculation of hot air and improving overall cooling effectiveness within the data center. The rack 120 may comprise a matrix of beams 126 and columns 124 that are arranged to define plural processor-receiving openings 130, across which the plurality of blockchain mining processors 156 extend when installed. The beams 126 may form shelves as shown. Openings 130 may be shaped to mate with the housings 158 of processors 156 to block air flow from travelling around processors 156, so that air flow across a partition 122 fdled with processors 156 would direct substantially all air flow into the fan structures of each processor 156. In other cases, an open-air racking structure may be used, which permits air flow through and around processors 156. Columns 124 may contain racking ears 128 that are structured, for example with fastener apertures, to mount each processor 156, for example by alignment of apertures on housings 158 and ears to allow fasteners to mount the processors 156. The rack 120 may mount the respective miner housings 158 in a matrix arrangement that forms a miner wall that extends a suitable depth, such as a depth 136 of a single respective miner housing 158. One or more power distribution units (PDUs) 132 may be located in the interior 24, for example along one or both of the opposed side walls 14, to provide power to each processor 156. Various other electrical and network components and cabling may be located adjacent or on the rack 120 to provide required access, power, and network connection, to each processor 156.

[0054] Referring to Figs. 9 and 10, the system 10 may incorporate a suitable electrical power distribution system. In some cases, the system 10 is pre-wired from a power distribution board or panel 150 to each processor 156 or rack 120. A portable blockchain mining setup requires a robust electrical power system to ensure uninterrupted operation of mining hardware. In operation, the system 10 may need to be connected to a suitable power source, such as a generator (for example if located on a stranded gas well site) or solar panels, capable of supplying sufficient electrical energy to meet the demands of the mining equipment. A power distribution unit (PDU) or power management system may be utilized to regulate and distribute electrical power to the various components of the mining rig, including the mining hardware, cooling systems, and networking equipment. Additionally, backup power solutions, such as battery banks or uninterruptible power supplies (UPS), may be integrated into the system to provide redundancy and safeguard against power outages. Proper grounding and surge protection measures are also essential to protect the equipment from electrical faults and voltage fluctuations. The electrical distribution panel 150 may be mounted within the interior 24, for example at or adjacent the first end wall 16. The electrical distribution panel 150 may be connected to one or more power distribution units 132. The electrical distribution panel 150 may be connected to an electrical control box 142. Referring to Figs. 3-4, 13 and 15, the enclosure may comprise electric plugs 68. The plugs 68 may be pre-wired to provide electricity to predetermined regions of the enclosure 12.

[0055] Referring to Figs. 2-4, and 7-14, the enclosure 12 may have a suitable door or doors. The first end wall 16 may be defined by a first end door 44. The first end door 44 may define a top 44 A, sides 44B and a base 44C. The first end door 44 may be sized so that the enclosure is hermetically sealed when the door 44 is shut. The door may open and close using one or more hinges 46. The second end wall 18 may be defined by a second end door 48. The first end door 44 and the second end door 48 may allow access to the interior 24 of the enclosure 12. The first end door 44 may allow access to the cold aisle 138 of the enclosure 12. The second end door 48 may allow access to the hot aisle 140 and the return air conduit 72 of the enclosure 12.

[0056] Referring to Figs. 6, 10, 11 and 17, each mining processor 156 may form part of a mining device 154 with suitable parts and function. A blockchain mining device comprises several components necessary for its operation within the cryptocurrency network. The primary component is the mining hardware itself, typically comprising specialized processors such as application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs) or graphics processing units (GPUs), optimized for solving complex cryptographic puzzles required to validate transactions and secure the blockchain network. Additionally, mining devices may incorporate a power supply unit (PSU) to provide electrical power to the hardware components, ensuring uninterrupted operation. To manage and control the mining process, a central processing unit (CPU) or microcontroller may be employed, handling tasks such as data processing, communication with mining pools, and software execution. Furthermore, cooling systems, such as intake and discharge fans 162 and 164, respectively, or liquid cooling solutions, may be provided to dissipate heat generated by the mining hardware and prevent overheating, ensuring optimal performance and longevity of the device. Finally, networking connectors 166 or other components, including Ethernet or Wi-Fi adapters, may be provided to enable connectivity to the internet and communication with other nodes in the blockchain network, facilitating the exchange of data and participation in mining activities. Each blockchain mining processor 156 may be contained within a respective miner housing 158. Inlet fan 162 may be referred to as a miner air fan located between a miner air inlet facing upstream the rack 120, and a miner air outlet facing downstream the rack 120, defined at upstream and downstream ends of the respective miner housing 158.

[0057] Referring to Fig. 17, the blockchain mining processor 156 may comprise an applicationspecific integrated circuit (ASIC) chip. An ASIC may be an integrated circuit (IC) chip customized for a particular use, rather than intended for general -purpose use. For example, a chip designed to run in a digital voice recorder or a high-efficiency bitcoin miner is an ASIC. Application-specific standard product (ASSP) chips may be intermediate between ASICs and industry standard integrated circuits like the 7400 series or the 4000 series. ASIC chips may be typically fabricated using metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) technology, as MOS integrated circuit chips. As feature sizes have shrunk and design tools improved over the years, the maximum complexity (and hence functionality) possible in an ASIC has grown from 5,000 logic gates to over 100 million. Modern ASICs often include entire microprocessors, memory blocks including ROM, RAM, EEPROM, flash memory and other large building blocks. Such an ASIC is often termed a SoC (system-on- chip). Designers of digital ASICs often use a hardware description language (HDL), such as Verilog or VHDL, to describe the functionality of ASICs. Field-programmable gate arrays (FPGA) are the modern-day technology for building a breadboard or prototype from standard parts; programmable logic blocks and programmable interconnects allow the same FPGA to be used in many different applications. For smaller designs or lower production volumes, FPGAs may be more cost-effective than an ASIC design, even in production. The non-recurring engineering (NRE) cost of an ASIC can run into the millions of dollars. Therefore, device manufacturers typically prefer FPGAs for prototyping and devices with low production volume and ASICs for very large production volumes where NRE costs can be amortized across many devices. One or more ASIC chips may be contained on each

[0058] Referring to Fig. 17, each processor 156 may have suitable characteristics. The example shown illustrates an S21i™ rig manufactured and sold in association with the ANTMINER™ brand byBITMAIN™ for the purpose of mining Bitcoin transactions. The processor 156 may incorporate one or more controllers 160. The processor 156 may comprise a network connector 166 (for an ethemet cable), such as one that supports Gigabit Ethemet to ensure that mined blocks are submitted instantly. Each processor board may be mounted on a body or housing 158 of the processor 156, and contains one or more application-specific integrated circuit chips. Each Antminer™ S21i™ employs a plurality of ASICs, for example 108 ASIC chips, such chips to deliver more hash rate and efficiency than any bitcoin miner ever made before it. The processor 156 may comprise a suitable housing 158 upon which to mount components. In the example shown, body or housing 158 is a high-grade aluminum case.

[0059] Referring to Fig. 17, the processor 156 may include one or more cooling mechanisms. The housing 158 may include one or more heat-sinks. One or more fans may be connected to direct air through the enclosure 12, and across the ASIC processor 156, to maintain the ASIC processor 156 within a respective operating range of temperature during use. One or more temperature sensors (not shown) may be used to monitor temperature and adjust fan and / or computing operation. The fans may include an intake fan 162 at an intake end of the housing 158. The fans may include a discharge fan 164 at a discharge end of the housing 158. By using two computer-controlled high-speed fans 162 and 164 on both ends of a tube-shaped housing 158, hot air is rapidly replaced by cooler air at the required pace. By using two computer-controlled fans to keep the processor 156 cool, the processor 156 remains efficient and powerful. The processor 156 may use a combination of conduction and convection cooling to make the miner perform best without getting hotter than any other terahash bitcoin miner. In some cases, each chip of the processor 156 may be fitted with custom- made heat sinks, for example that are made of a high-grade Aluminum alloy.

[0060] Referring to Fig. 17, the processor 156 may include other components to operate the processor 156 in a suitable fashion. The processor 156 may include a power connector such as containing circuitry to connect to a suitable power source, such as an A / C wall outlet cord. Power may be supplied into the PCIe (peripheral component interconnect express) ports on the hash boards at the top of the unit, or at another suitable location. One or more power distribution units, such as a power strip, may be used. One or more power converters may be used to convert incoming power to a usable form, for example having one or more inverters, transformers, or other suitable mechanisms. The processor 156 may interface with an online control application software, such as providing a user interface that permits a user to begin mining with only a network connection, a wallet address, and mining pool credentials. A mechanism may exist for periodically updating the firmware of the controller.

[0061] Referring to Figs. 12-15, another embodiment of a portable blockchain mining system 10 is illustrated. As stated above, the embodiment incorporates a return air conduit 72 that extends to below the base 44C of the door 44. One or more mechanisms may be provided for securing or locking enclosure 12 with adjacent enclosures 12, such as horizontally or vertically adjacent enclosures 12, for example lifting lugs 32 or other suitable locks may be used. The rack 120 may incorporate shelves as shown, upon which processor devices 154 may be mounted.

[0062] The system 10 may operate with a generator. In electricity generation, a generator is a device that converts motion-based power (potential and kinetic energy) or fuel-based power (chemical energy) intoelectric power for use in an external circuit. The generator may be connected to provided electricity to the plurality of blockchain mining processors 156.

[0063] Referring to Fig. 16, plural identical enclosures 12 may be stacked in various configurations of vertically and / or horizontally stacked arrangements. Two or more of the portable enclosures 12 may be stacked in a vertical stack 174 one on top of the other. Stacked enclosures 12 may be secured together using respective module mounting mechanisms, or may rest one upon the other without any securing mechanism. Horizontally adjacent enclosures 12 may contact one another, and may be unsecured, or secured together using respective module mounting mechanisms. Two or more of the portable enclosures 12 may be arranged in a horizontal row 176. The portable enclosures 12 may be aligned such that the air inlets 36 are located in the same plane, i.e. an inlet plane 186, allowing the axes 34 of airflow to be aligned for all the enclosures 12. Similarly, the enclosures 12 may be aligned such that the air outlets (not shown) are located in the same plane, i.e. an outlet plane 188. Thus, the systems 10 may cooperate together to draw air in and out of each enclosure 12 from the same sides as one another, taking air in from one side of the stack / row, and exhausting air from the other side of the stack / row, avoiding unintended recirculation and permitting increased power density within a minimized footprint of space. The module mounting mechanism may comprise parts (not shown) that secure modules to one another when vertically stacked one on the other. The module mounting mechanism may comprise cooperating mounting parts on the roofs 20 and the bases 22 of respective portable enclosures 12 to permit the enclosures to mount together in vertical stacks 174. The enclosures 12 may comprise parts (not shown) that secure modules to one another when arranged in horizontal rows 176 adjacent one another in abutting relationship. Each enclosure 12 may be structured to permit adjacent respective portable enclosure 12 that are identical to the housing or enclosure 12 in a relevant set of applicable dimensions to be secured to form a horizontal row 176 of portable enclosures 12.

[0064] Referring to Fig. 16, the systems 10 of the disclosure may be oriented and stacked in suitable arrangements, enclosures 12 may be stacked in vertical tiers, and may be secured together using twist locks or comer castings to create stable and secure stacks. In some cases, the enclosures 12 may be racked, that is mounted in an external rack (not shown) that allows individual containers to be swapped in and out without disrupting the stack. The stacking process may involve careful consideration of weight distribution, with heavier containers placed at the bottom to ensure stability and prevent toppling during transport. Additionally, specialized equipment may be used such as container cranes or straddle carriers to lift and position containers onto stacks with precision and efficiency. Stacking configurations may vary depending on factors such as container size, weight, and destination, with careful planning required to optimize space utilization while adhering to safety regulations and operational constraints. A plurality of the portable blockchain mining systems 10 may be located adjacent to one another. The portable enclosures 12 may be arranged side-by-side and parallel relative to one another, with side walls 14 between adjacent portable enclosures 12 in close proximity or in contact with one another. In the example shown, two horizontal rows of four systems 10 each are shown. The portable enclosures 12 may be stacked on top of and parallel relative to one another, with roofs 20 and bases 22 of adjacent portable enclosures 12 in close proximity or in contact with one another.

[0065] Referring to Fig. 16, the enclosures 12 may be structured to permit access to all required parts whether the enclosure 12 is located on its own, or in a stack, such as a wall of plural containers. Side walls 14of each enclosure may be configured to be free of electrical and network components, and access points or to locate the electrical and network components to be accessible from one or both the first and the second of the side walls 14. The electrical and network components may be located so as to not be obstructed by, and not conflict with, additional portable blockchain mining systems 10 identical to the portable blockchain mining system and that are stacked vertically or horizontally adjacent the portable blockchain mining system. Horizontally adjacent enclosures 12 may contact one another, and may be unsecured, or secured together using respective module mounting mechanisms. Enclosures 12 may be aligned such that the air inlets are located in the same plane, allowing the axes 34 to be aligned for all the enclosures 12. Similarly, the enclosures 12 may be aligned such that the air outlets (not shown) are located in the same plane. Thus, the modules may cooperate together to draw air in and out of each enclosure 12 from the same sides as one another, taking air in from one side of the stack / row, and exhausting air from the other side of the stack / row, avoiding unintended recirculation and permitting increased power density within a minimized footprint of space. A module mounting mechanism or mechanisms may be provided and may comprise parts (not shown) that secure modules to one another when vertically stacked one on the other. The module mounting mechanism may comprise cooperating mounting parts on the roofs and the bases of respective enclosures 12 to permit the housings to mount together. The enclosure 12 may comprise parts (not shown) that secure modules to one another when arranged in horizontal rows 176 adjacent one another in abutting relationship. Each enclosure 12 may be structured to permit adjacent respective enclosures 12 that are identical to the enclosure 12 in a relevant set of applicable dimensions to be secured to form a horizontal row of portable ASIC modules.

[0066] The enclosure 12 may have suitable doors. The first end wall 16 may be defined by a first end door or doors 44. The second end wall 18 may be defined by a second end door 48 or doors. The first end door 44 may be one or more cargo doors that may pivot or swing about side end hinges. The second end door 48 may be one or more cargo doors that may pivot or swing about a side end hinge. Cargo doors may open to provide access to the entirety of the open end of the enclosure 12 for maximum access. Roll-up, sliding, and other types of doors may be used. One or both of the side walls 14 may define a maintenance access side door. Appropriate locks, door handles, windows, and other basic enclosure features may be used as needed.

[0067] Various other features may be provided. The system 10 may incorporate suitable sound attenuation at one or both of the regions upstream and downstream of the rack 120 and any air supply fan or fans along the air flow axis. By providing sound attenuating parts upstream and downstream of the parts, unwanted sound transmission from the fans of mining processors and other moving parts of the system 10 to the environment is reduced. Because of the open nature of air flow between inlet 36 and outlet 40, sound transmission is usually maximum at the inlet 36 and outlet 40. Thus, in some cases, sound attenuating parts may be incorporated at or adjacent the inlet 36 and outlet 40.

[0068] Referring to Figs. 18-20, an embodiment of the portable blockchain mining system 10 is disclosed with a fan 190. The fan 190 may be configured as an air supply fan. The fan 190 may be used to draw air into the air inlet 36 and to expel the air out of the air outlet 40. In the example shown, the fan 190 is adjacent to the air inlet 36 and is upstream of the air filter 114 and rack 120. It should be understood that thefan 190 may be placed at any suitable location in the portable blockchain mining system 10 that creates or assists in creating or maintaining the desired airflow. For example, the fan 190 may be placed downstream from the air filters 116, downstream from the rack 120, adjacent to the air outlet 40, or within (or adjacent one or more of the ends of) the air return conduit 72. The portable blockchain mining system 10 may comprise a side access door 49 on one of the side walls 49. The side access door 49 may allow access to the interior 24 of the portable blockchain mining system 10.

[0069] Relative words such as front and rear, sides, left and right, up and down are arbitrary and do not refer to absolute orientations unless context dictates otherwise. For example, although the description refers to rear and front ends, it should be understood that this orientation could be reversed. Similarly, side walls need not be the walls with the longest lateral dimensions (although in many cases they will be), for example in the case of a cube container. Features in various embodiments may be interchanged, for example to provide an air inlet in the floor and an outlet in the roof. The system 10 may form a skid, or may form a wheeled or tracked unit, such as a trailer. In some cases, system 10 may incorporate a motor to drive the system 10 to different locations. A reference to a floor may refer to a base of a component, or it may refer to a floor above a base, tn some cases, the systems 10 or modules may come with processor mounts without the processors themselves. The datacenters disclosed herein do not need to be operated to mine in a blockchain context, and can be used as other forms of datacenters or computational processors.

[0070] Table of parts:

[0071] In the claims, the word “comprising” is used in its inclusive sense and does not exclude other elements being present. The indefinite articles “a” and “an” before a claim feature do not exclude more than one of the feature being present. Each one of the individual features described here may be used in one or more embodiments and is not, by virtue only of being described here, to be construed as essential to all embodiments as defined by the claims.

Claims

THE EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION IN WHICH AN EXCLUSIVE PROPERTY OR PRIVILEGEIS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:

1. A portable blockchain mining system comprising: a portable enclosure having opposed end walls, opposed side walls, a floor, and a roof, which collectively define an interior; a plurality of blockchain mining processors mounted on a rack within the interior of the portable enclosure; an air inlet defined in a first end wall of the end walls; an air outlet defined in a second end wall of the end walls, in with the portable enclosure is structured such that in use air moves in sequence into the portable enclosure through the air inlet, across the plurality of blockchain processors, and out the air outlet; a return air conduit, which is extended: from a hot aisle, defined downstream of the rack and upstream of the air outlet, to an exterior of the first end wall.

2. The portable blockchain mining system of claim 1 in which the return air conduit is defined below the rack.

3. The portable blockchain mining system of claim 2 in which the rack is mounted on a subfloor above the floor.

4. The portable blockchain mining system of claim 3 in which the return air conduit is defined between the subfloor and the floor.

5. The portable blockchain mining system of claim 4 in which the return air conduit comprises a plenum defined between the subfloor, the floor, and parts of the end and side walls.

6. The portable blockchain mining system of any one of claim 3 - 5 in which the subfloor opens below the hot aisle in a downstream direction from the rack to define an entrance to the return air conduit.

7. The portable blockchain mining system of claim 6 in which a downstream edge of the subfloor extends between the opposed side walls.

8. The portable blockchain mining system of any one of claim 6 - 7 in which one or more of: the entrance of the return air conduit comprises a grill; and the exit of the return air conduit comprises a grill.

9. The portable blockchain mining system of any one of claim 1 - 8 in which the recirculation conduit comprises a valve.

10. The portable blockchain mining system of claim 9 in which the valve comprises a register.

11. The portable blockchain mining system of any one of claim 1 - 10 in which the return air conduit extends to below the air inlet.

12. The portable blockchain mining system of any one of claim 1 - 11 in which the rack and plurality of blockchain mining processors are hermetically sealed to define: a cold aisle between the air inlet and structural flame; and the hot aisle.

13. The portable blockchain mining system of any one of claim 1 - 12 in which the return air conduit is a passive conduit.

14. The portable blockchain mining system of any one of claim 1 - 13 in which the rack is extended laterally between the opposed side walls.

15. The portable blockchain mining system of any one of claim 1 - 14 in which the first end wall is defined by an end door.

16. The portable blockchain mining system of any one of claim 1 - 15 in which the floor is supported by a ground-engaging base.

17. The portable blockchain mining system of any one of claim 1 - 16 further comprising a fan connected to convey air through the sequence or through the return air conduit.

18. The portable blockchain mining system of claim 17 in which the fan is mounted adjacent the air inlet to push air through the interior across the plurality of blockchain processors to the air outlet.

19. A method comprising operating the portable blockchain mining system of any one of claim 1 - 18 to process transactions of a digital currency.

20. A method comprising: operating a portable blockchain mining system using a plurality of blockchain mining processors contained within an interior of a portable enclosure to process transactions of a digital currency; and conveying air in sequence into the portable enclosure through an air inlet defined in a first end wall of the portable enclosure, across the plurality of blockchain processors, and out an air outlet defined in a second end wall of the portable enclosure; and diverting a portion of the air, from a hot aisle defined downstream of the plurality of blockchain mining processors and upstream of the air outlet, through a return air conduit to an exterior of the first end wall.

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