Vehicle having photovoltaic cells and manufacturing method therefor

Abstract

A vehicle having photovoltaic cells and a manufacturing method therefor. The vehicle having photovoltaic cells comprises first photovoltaic cell structures (100), second photovoltaic cell structures (200), third photovoltaic cell structures (300), a piece of sunroof glass (420), a trunk top cover (430), an engine compartment cover plate (440), a door (450), a rear windshield (470), a front windshield (410) and a window (460), wherein the sunroof glass (420) and the trunk top cover (430) are each provided with at least one of the first photovoltaic cell structure (100), the second photovoltaic cell structure (200) and the third photovoltaic cell structure (300); the engine compartment cover plate (440) and the door (450) are each provided with the second photovoltaic cell structure (200); the rear windshield (470) is provided with at least one of the first photovoltaic cell structure (100) and the second photovoltaic cell structure (200); a sunshade strip of the front windshield (410) is provided with the first photovoltaic cell structure (100); and the first photovoltaic cell structures (100), the second photovoltaic cell structures (200) and the third photovoltaic cell structures (300) are all electrically connected to a vehicle-mounted battery.

Description

Automobile with photovoltaic cell and preparation method thereof

[0001] Cross-reference to related applications

[0002] This application claims priority to the Chinese patent application No. 2024106993187, filed on May 31, 2024, entitled "Automobile with photovoltaic cell and preparation method thereof", the contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. TECHNICAL FIELD

[0003] The present application relates to the technical field of automobiles, in particular to an automobile with a photovoltaic cell and a preparation method thereof. BACKGROUND

[0004] Mobile photovoltaic systems use solar power to effectively solve the power problem in areas where the power grid cannot be extended. They can be applied to various mobile devices such as vehicles, ships, satellites, etc., to provide portable power supply. Currently, mobile photovoltaic products for vehicles are widely used. The mainstream mobile photovoltaic product for vehicles is to arrange photovoltaic cells in the interlayer glass, or to arrange photovoltaic modules on the roof support, or to use a folding and unfolding photovoltaic power generation device, or to adhere photovoltaic modules on the engine compartment cover plate or the trunk lid. These methods can improve the endurance of the vehicle to a certain extent.

[0005] Due to the efficiency limit of photovoltaic cells, the actual power generated by the current photovoltaic products for vehicles can only meet the power supply of the vehicle ventilation system or provide power for the vehicle battery, and the real endurance of the vehicle is not greatly improved.

[0006] SUMMARY

[0007] According to various embodiments of the present application, an automobile with a photovoltaic cell and a preparation method thereof are provided.

[0008] In a first aspect, the present application provides an automobile with a photovoltaic cell, which comprises a first photovoltaic cell structure, a second photovoltaic cell structure, a third photovoltaic cell structure, a sunroof glass, a trunk lid, an engine compartment cover plate, a door, a rear window, a front window, and a window.

[0009] At least one of the first photovoltaic cell structure, the second photovoltaic cell structure, and the third photovoltaic cell structure is arranged on the sunroof glass and the trunk lid.

[0010] The second photovoltaic cell structure is arranged on the engine compartment cover plate and the door.

[0011] At least one of the first photovoltaic cell structure and the second photovoltaic cell structure is arranged on the rear window.

[0012] The first photovoltaic cell structure is located at the position of the sunshade strip on the windshield;

[0013] The first photovoltaic cell structure, the second photovoltaic cell structure, and the third photovoltaic cell structure are all electrically connected to the vehicle battery.

[0014] In one embodiment, the window, the sunroof, the trunk lid, the windshield, and the rear window each include an upper encapsulation layer and a lower encapsulation layer, and the first photovoltaic cell structure is disposed between the upper encapsulation layer and the lower encapsulation layer.

[0015] In one embodiment, an adhesive film layer is disposed between the upper encapsulation layer and the lower encapsulation layer, and the first photovoltaic cell structure is fixedly connected to the upper encapsulation layer and the lower encapsulation layer through the adhesive film layer.

[0016] In one embodiment, the first photovoltaic cell structure includes:

[0017] A first transparent substrate is provided with a first conductive film;

[0018] A nanoporous semiconductor thin film is disposed on the transparent substrate;

[0019] The dye sensitizer is adsorbed on the surface of the nanoporous semiconductor film;

[0020] The second transparent substrate has a second conductive film and is disposed opposite to the first transparent substrate;

[0021] The electrode is disposed on the side of the second transparent substrate facing the nanoporous semiconductor film;

[0022] An electrolyte is filled between the first transparent substrate and the second transparent substrate.

[0023] In one embodiment, the upper encapsulation layer is glass, and the lower encapsulation layer is glass or transparent engineering plastic.

[0024] In one embodiment, a black printing area is provided around the periphery of the sunroof glass. The black printing area is used to bond the metal bracket and moving mechanism of the car sunroof, and the solder strip of the first photovoltaic cell structure is provided in the black printing area.

[0025] In one embodiment, the second photovoltaic cell structure includes:

[0026] Substrate;

[0027] A back electrode is disposed on the substrate;

[0028] An absorption layer is disposed on the side of the back electrode opposite to the substrate;

[0029] A transition layer is disposed on the side of the absorption layer opposite to the back electrode;

[0030] A window layer is provided on the side of the transition layer opposite to the absorption layer;

[0031] A gate electrode layer is disposed on the side of the window layer opposite to the transition layer.

[0032] In one embodiment, the surface of the gate electrode layer is provided with at least one aging-resistant film.

[0033] In one embodiment, a reserved through hole is provided on the car engine compartment cover, and the lead wire of the second photovoltaic cell structure is connected to the vehicle battery through the reserved through hole.

[0034] In one embodiment, the vehicle with photovoltaic cells further includes:

[0035] A solar controller is located inside the engine compartment, and the lead wire is electrically connected to the solar controller;

[0036] The vehicle battery is electrically connected to the solar controller;

[0037] The solar controller converts low-voltage DC to high-voltage DC via an inverter, which is then input to the vehicle battery.

[0038] In one embodiment, the substrate is made of stainless steel; the car engine compartment cover is made of aluminum alloy, galvanized steel sheet or carbon fiber composite material.

[0039] In one embodiment, an adhesive is provided on the side of the substrate facing the car engine compartment cover, and the substrate is bonded to the car engine compartment cover or the car door.

[0040] In one embodiment, the third photovoltaic cell structure includes a transparent conductive layer, a photoelectric absorption and conversion layer, a transparent conductive layer, a metal grid layer, and an insulating passivation layer arranged sequentially. The third photovoltaic cell structure is disposed within the laminated glass of any one of the sunroof glass, the rear window glass, the front window glass, and the rear trunk lid.

[0041] In one embodiment, the separator in the third photovoltaic cell structure is disposed in the laminated glass by vapor deposition.

[0042] Secondly, this application provides a method for manufacturing a car with photovoltaic cells, the method comprising:

[0043] The first photovoltaic cell structure can be optionally installed on the corresponding structures of the vehicle window, windshield, sunroof, rear window and rear trunk lid;

[0044] A second photovoltaic cell structure can be optionally installed on the corresponding structures of the car engine compartment hood, doors, sunroof, rear trunk lid, and rear window.

[0045] A third photovoltaic cell structure is installed on the structure corresponding to the sunroof and the rear trunk lid;

[0046] The windshield, sunroof, trunk lid, engine compartment cover, doors, windows, and rear window are installed onto the vehicle body.

[0047] The first photovoltaic cell structure, the second photovoltaic cell structure, and the third photovoltaic cell structure are connected to the vehicle battery.

[0048] In one embodiment, the optional provision of a first photovoltaic cell structure on the structures corresponding to the vehicle window, windshield, sunroof, rear window, and trunk lid includes:

[0049] Place the lower encapsulation layer;

[0050] A first adhesive layer is laid on the lower encapsulation layer;

[0051] The first photovoltaic cell structure is laid on the first adhesive layer;

[0052] A second adhesive layer is laid on the first photovoltaic cell structure;

[0053] An encapsulation layer is placed on the second adhesive layer;

[0054] The lower encapsulation layer, the first adhesive layer, the first photovoltaic cell structure, the second adhesive layer, and the upper encapsulation layer are laminated and encapsulated to form the vehicle window, the windshield, the sunroof, the rear window, and the rear trunk lid, which are provided with the first photovoltaic cell structure.

[0055] In one embodiment, the optional provision of a second photovoltaic cell structure on the corresponding structures of the vehicle's engine hood, doors, sunroof, trunk lid, and rear window includes:

[0056] The side of the second photovoltaic cell structure facing the car engine compartment hood or the car door is cleaned.

[0057] The engine compartment hood, doors, sunroof, trunk lid, and rear window surface of the vehicle are cleaned.

[0058] A surfactant is pre-applied to the cleaned surfaces of the vehicle's engine compartment hood, doors, sunroof, trunk lid, and rear window.

[0059] Adhesive is applied to the surfaces of the vehicle doors, the sunroof, the rear trunk lid, and the rear windshield.

[0060] The second photovoltaic cell structure is bonded to the vehicle door, the sunroof, the rear trunk lid, and the rear windshield.

[0061] In one embodiment, the provision of a third photovoltaic cell structure on the structure corresponding to the sunroof and the rear trunk lid includes:

[0062] Clean the tempered glass surface of the sunroof or the rear trunk lid;

[0063] A transparent conductive layer, a photoelectric absorption and conversion layer, a transparent conductive layer, a metal grid layer, and an insulating passivation layer are sequentially deposited on the tempered glass.

[0064] Details of one or more embodiments of this application are set forth in the following drawings and description. Other features, objects, and advantages of this application will become apparent from the specification, drawings, and claims. Attached Figure Description

[0065] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the conventional technology, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the conventional technology will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on the disclosed drawings without creative effort.

[0066] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a car with photovoltaic cells according to an embodiment of this application;

[0067] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of a third photovoltaic cell structure provided in an embodiment of this application, which is installed on a car window.

[0068] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the first photovoltaic cell structure provided in an embodiment of this application, which is disposed on the windshield.

[0069] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the first photovoltaic cell structure provided in an embodiment of this application, which is disposed on the rear windshield.

[0070] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the first photovoltaic cell structure provided in an embodiment of this application, which is installed on a car window;

[0071] Figure 6 is a schematic flowchart of a method for manufacturing a car with photovoltaic cells according to an embodiment of this application;

[0072] Figure 7 is a flowchart illustrating the process of setting a first photovoltaic cell structure on the windshield, sunroof, and tailgate roof in a method for manufacturing a car with photovoltaic cells according to an embodiment of this application.

[0073] Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of the process of setting a second photovoltaic cell structure on the corresponding structures of the car engine compartment cover and the car door in a method for manufacturing a car with photovoltaic cells according to an embodiment of this application.

[0074] Figure 9 is a schematic flowchart illustrating the process of setting a third photovoltaic cell structure on the structures corresponding to the windows and rear window in a method for manufacturing a car with photovoltaic cells according to an embodiment of this application.

[0075] First photovoltaic cell structure 100; Second photovoltaic cell structure 200; Third photovoltaic cell structure 300; Front windshield 410; Sunroof glass 420; Rear trunk lid 430; Engine compartment cover 440; Door 450; Window 460; Rear windshield 470; Solar controller 500; Lead wire 600; Vehicle battery 700. Detailed Implementation

[0076] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0077] To make the above-mentioned objectives, features, and advantages of this application more apparent and understandable, the specific embodiments of this application are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Many specific details are set forth in the following description to provide a thorough understanding of this application. However, this application can be implemented in many other ways different from those described herein, and those skilled in the art can make similar modifications without departing from the spirit of this application. Therefore, this application is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0078] In the description of this application, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential", etc., indicating the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this application.

[0079] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of that feature. In the description of this application, "multiple" means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0080] In this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "joining," and "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components, unless otherwise expressly limited. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application according to the specific circumstances.

[0081] In this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, "above" or "below" the second feature can mean that the first feature is in direct contact with the second feature, or that the first feature is in indirect contact with the second feature through an intermediate medium. Furthermore, "above," "on top of," and "over" the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature. "Below," "below," and "under" the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a lower horizontal level than the second feature.

[0082] It should be noted that when an element is referred to as being "fixed to" or "set on" another element, it can be directly on the other element or there may be an intervening element. When an element is considered to be "connected to" another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or there may be an intervening element. The terms "vertical," "horizontal," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," and similar expressions used herein are for illustrative purposes only and do not represent the only possible implementation.

[0083] Details of one or more embodiments of this application are set forth in the following drawings and description.

[0084] Referring to Figures 1 to 5, one embodiment of this application provides a vehicle with photovoltaic cells. The vehicle with photovoltaic cells includes a first photovoltaic cell structure, a second photovoltaic cell structure, a third photovoltaic cell structure, a sunroof glass 420, a rear trunk lid 430, an engine compartment cover 440, a door 450, a rear windshield 470, a front windshield 410, and a window 460. At least one of the first photovoltaic cell structure 100, the second photovoltaic cell structure 200, and the third photovoltaic cell structure 300 is provided on the sunroof glass 420 and the rear trunk lid 430. The second photovoltaic cell structure 200 is provided on the engine compartment cover 440 and the door 450. At least one of the first photovoltaic cell structure 400 and the second photovoltaic cell structure 200 is provided on the rear windshield 470. The first photovoltaic cell structure 100 is provided at the sunshade position of the front windshield 410. The first photovoltaic cell structure 100, the second photovoltaic cell structure 200, and the third photovoltaic cell structure 300 are all electrically connected to the vehicle battery 700.

[0085] This technical solution provides a vehicle with photovoltaic cells. At least one of a first photovoltaic cell structure 100, a second photovoltaic cell structure 200, and a third photovoltaic cell structure 300 is installed on the sunroof glass 420 and the rear trunk lid 430; a second photovoltaic cell structure 200 is installed on the engine hood 440 and the doors 450; at least one of the first photovoltaic cell structure 100 and the second photovoltaic cell structure 200 is installed on the rear windshield 470; and a first photovoltaic cell structure 100 is installed at the sunshade position of the windshield 410. This increases the area of ​​the photovoltaic cell structures on the vehicle body. The first photovoltaic cell structure 100, the second photovoltaic cell structure 200, and the third photovoltaic cell structure 300 are all electrically connected to an onboard battery 700 to supply power to the onboard battery 700, thereby improving the vehicle's range. This application can fully utilize the vehicle body area to increase the area for photovoltaic cell installation, thereby increasing the overall power generation of the vehicle.

[0086] In one embodiment, the window 460, the trunk lid 430, the rear windshield 470, the windshield 410, and the sunroof 420 all include an upper encapsulation layer and a lower encapsulation layer, with the first photovoltaic cell structure 100 disposed between the upper and lower encapsulation layers. It should be understood that the upper and lower encapsulation layers of the windshield 410 or sunroof 420 should be made of transparent materials. This ensures visibility for the vehicle while providing solar energy for the normal operation of the first photovoltaic cell structure 100. Specifically, the upper encapsulation layer is glass, and the lower encapsulation layer is glass or transparent engineering plastic. The upper encapsulation layer is generally made of semi-tempered glass to increase the structural strength of the entire windshield 410 and sunroof 420. The lower encapsulation layer can be a transparent engineering plastic, such as PET (polyethylene terephthalate), ETFE (ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer), PMMA (polymethyl methacrylate), PC (polycarbonate), etc. Considering structural strength and safety factors, the lower encapsulation layer is preferably glass.

[0087] It is understandable that the upper and lower encapsulation layers of the window 460, the rear trunk roof 430, the rear windshield 470, the windshield 410, and the sunroof 420 can serve as encapsulation layers for the first photovoltaic cell structure 100, encapsulating the first photovoltaic cell structure 100 within the interlayer space formed by the upper and lower encapsulation layers.

[0088] In one embodiment, an adhesive film layer is disposed between the upper and lower encapsulation layers, and the first photovoltaic cell structure 100 is fixedly connected to the upper and lower encapsulation layers through the adhesive film layer. Specifically, the adhesive film layer is disposed on the sides of the upper and lower encapsulation layers facing each other, and the adhesive film layer is made of a transparent material. In this embodiment, the adhesive film layer can be PVB (polyvinyl butyral), EVA (ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer), polyolefin elastomer, silicone, etc. The first photovoltaic cell structure 100 is disposed between the upper and lower encapsulation layers and fixedly connected to the upper and lower encapsulation layers by hot pressing, thus forming a window 460, a trunk lid 430, a rear windshield 470, a windshield 410, or a sunroof 420 with the first photovoltaic cell structure 100 internally disposed therein. Installing the aforementioned window 460, trunk lid 430, rear windshield 470, windshield 410, or sunroof 420 in the corresponding positions on the car not only provides the functional characteristics of the window 460, trunk lid 430, rear windshield 470, windshield 410, and sunroof 420 themselves, but also effectively converts solar energy into electrical energy to provide power for the car.

[0089] In one embodiment, the first photovoltaic cell structure 100 includes a first transparent substrate, a nanoporous semiconductor film, a dye sensitizer, a second transparent substrate, and a counter electrode. The first transparent substrate is provided with a first conductive film; the nanoporous semiconductor film is disposed on the transparent substrate; the dye sensitizer is adsorbed on the surface of the nanoporous semiconductor film; the second transparent substrate is provided with a second conductive film and is disposed opposite to the first transparent substrate; the counter electrode is disposed on the side of the second transparent substrate facing the nanoporous semiconductor film; and an electrolyte is filled between the first transparent substrate and the second transparent substrate.

[0090] Specifically, the first and second transparent substrates can be glass. A first conductive film is disposed on the first transparent substrate, and a second conductive film is disposed on the second transparent substrate, so that both the first and second transparent substrates are conductive. It is understood that the first transparent substrate with the first conductive film and the second transparent substrate with the second conductive film can be formed by depositing a conductive film on the glass. The light transmittance of the first and second transparent substrates should be greater than 85%, wherein the first and second conductive films are used to collect and transport electrons.

[0091] The nanoporous semiconductor film is specifically a nanoporous titanium dioxide membrane. It serves as a carrier for the dye sensitizer and also as a medium for electron acquisition and transport. The dye sensitizer is a key factor in light energy absorption. The counter electrode catalyzes the electron-electrode reactions in the electrolyte, allowing the entire photoelectrochemical reaction to proceed cyclically. The electrolyte primarily functions to transport particles and regenerate the dye. The electrolyte can be liquid, solid, or quasi-solid.

[0092] The first photovoltaic cell structure 100, which adopts the above-described structure, can convert solar energy into electrical energy through the photoelectric effect to provide energy for the vehicle. The first photovoltaic cell structure 100 has incomplete transparency, which can block some sunlight from passing through the windshield 410 or sunroof 420, reducing the driving interference of direct sunlight on the occupants of the vehicle.

[0093] As shown in Figure 2, a first photovoltaic cell structure 100 is set at the top of the windshield 410, and the other areas are transparent to provide the driver with the necessary visibility.

[0094] As shown in Figure 3, in one embodiment, a black printing area is provided around the periphery of the sunroof glass 420. The black printing area is used to bond the metal bracket and motion mechanism of the car sunroof, and the welding strip of the first photovoltaic cell structure 100 is located in the black printing area.

[0095] In this embodiment, the sunroof glass 420 is installed in the roof mounting frame of the vehicle. A black printed area is provided around the perimeter of the sunroof glass 420 for bonding the metal bracket and movement mechanism of the sunroof. A first photovoltaic cell structure 100 is disposed within the sunroof glass 420. The sunroof glass 420 includes a transparent upper encapsulation layer and a lower encapsulation layer. The upper encapsulation layer is generally made of tempered glass to increase structural strength, while the lower encapsulation layer can be glass or a transparent engineering plastic, such as PET, ETFE, PMMA, or PC. A transparent adhesive film layer is disposed between the upper and lower encapsulation layers. This transparent adhesive film layer is generally made of PVB film, EVA, polyolefin elastomer, or silicone film. The first photovoltaic cell structure 100 is located within the adhesive film layer. When the mechanical strength of the lower encapsulation layer is sufficient to support the sunroof movement mechanism, the black printed area is located on the side of the lower encapsulation layer facing the vehicle interior (inner side) for bonding the metal bracket and movement mechanism of the sunroof, and for concealing the connecting solder strips of the first photovoltaic cell structure unit, thus forming a continuous and consistent black printed area. As the largest transparent area in a car, the sunroof can be used to house opaque batteries, which is more efficient and maximizes power generation.

[0096] In addition, a first photovoltaic cell structure 100 is also provided on the rear trunk top cover 430. The laminated glass on the rear trunk top cover 430 is the same as the sunroof glass 420 and the windshield glass 410 mentioned above, and can be used as upper and lower sealing layers. The first photovoltaic cell structure 100 is provided inside the laminated glass.

[0097] In the first photovoltaic cell structure 100, the first transparent substrate and the second transparent substrate are ultra-thin glass with a thickness of 200-700 μm, or transparent polymer films with a thickness of 50-300 μm; the transmittance of the substrate in the visible light and near-infrared bands of 380-1100 nm is above 80%; the substrate is sequentially composed of a transparent conductive film, a photoelectric absorption and conversion layer, a transparent conductive film, and an insulating passivation protective layer.

[0098] In one embodiment, the second photovoltaic cell structure 200 includes a substrate, a back cell, a transition layer, a window layer, and a gate electrode layer. The back electrode is disposed on the substrate; the absorption layer is disposed on the side of the back electrode away from the substrate; the transition layer is disposed on the side of the absorption layer away from the back electrode; the window layer is disposed on the side of the transition layer away from the absorption layer; and the gate electrode layer is disposed on the side of the window layer away from the transition layer.

[0099] The second photovoltaic cell structure 200 provided in this embodiment is a thin-film solar cell. The substrate is a stainless steel substrate, the back electrode is molybdenum metal, the absorption layer is a copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS) light-absorbing layer, the transition layer is a cadmium sulfide (CdS) transition layer, and the window layer is a zinc oxide (ZnO) window layer. Thin-film solar cells have advantages such as stable performance, strong radiation resistance, low cost, and high photoelectric conversion efficiency.

[0100] Specifically, a molybdenum electrode can be fabricated on a stainless steel substrate using magnetron sputtering. Copper, indium, and gallium metals are sputtered onto the stainless steel substrate with the molybdenum electrode to form a copper-indium-gallium pre-layer. Subsequently, a copper-indium-gallium selenide (CIGS) light-absorbing layer is formed through two stages: low-temperature selenization and high-temperature selenization, respectively, in a hydrogen-argon mixed gas environment. A cadmium sulfide transition layer is prepared using chemical bath deposition; a zinc oxide and aluminum-doped zinc oxide layer is prepared using sputtering; and finally, a nickel-aluminum grid electrode is deposited. This forms the first photovoltaic cell structure 100.

[0101] In one embodiment, at least one aging-resistant film is disposed on the surface of the gate electrode layer. Specifically, the aging-resistant film is a polymer film with a certain degree of transparency, which can be a PET (polyethylene terephthalate), PVDF (polyvinylidene fluoride), or PVF (polyvinyl fluoride) film. The thickness of the aging-resistant film is no greater than 50 μm.

[0102] Specifically, a pre-drilled through-hole is provided on the engine compartment cover 440 of the vehicle, through which the lead wire 600 of the second photovoltaic cell structure 200 is connected to the vehicle battery 700. By providing a pre-drilled through-hole on the engine compartment cover 440, the lead wire 600 of the second photovoltaic cell structure 200 can be led out and connected to the vehicle battery 700. This allows the electrical energy generated by the second photovoltaic cell structure 200 to be transferred to the vehicle battery 700 for vehicle use. Furthermore, the vehicle with photovoltaic cells also includes a solar controller 500, which is located in the engine compartment. The lead wire 600 is electrically connected to the solar controller 500; the vehicle battery 700 is also electrically connected to the solar controller 500; the solar controller 500 converts low-voltage DC to high-voltage DC via an inverter and inputs it to the vehicle battery 700.

[0103] In one embodiment, the substrate is made of stainless steel; the hood 440 is made of aluminum alloy, galvanized steel sheet, or carbon fiber composite material. By using stainless steel for the substrate, when heat generated by the engine is transferred to the bottom of the battery via the hood 440, the high thermal conductivity of the stainless steel substrate helps to disperse the heat, stabilizing the battery's power generation efficiency and protecting its lifespan. Furthermore, since the hood 440 is also made of galvanized steel or other alloys, its coefficient of thermal expansion is similar to that of the battery's stainless steel substrate, which helps to mitigate the deformation of the battery cells caused by the difference in thermal expansion and contraction between the solar cells and the hood.

[0104] In one embodiment, adhesive is applied to the side of the substrate facing the vehicle engine compartment cover 440, and the substrate is bonded to the vehicle engine compartment cover 440 or the door 450. Adhesive is applied to a stainless steel substrate for bonding the stainless steel substrate of the second photovoltaic cell structure 200 to the surface of the engine compartment cover. The adhesive is epoxy resin, glass glue, silicone sealant, or polyurethane adhesive. The engine compartment cover is made of aluminum alloy, galvanized steel sheet, or carbon fiber composite material.

[0105] Of course, the second photovoltaic cell structure 200 can also be any of the following: PERC cell, N-TopCon cell, HIT cell, HJT cell, or IBC cell, with a thickness approximately between 50-200 μm. The length and width of the second photovoltaic cell structure 200 can be one-sixth, one-fifth, one-quarter, one-half, or a multiple of 158 mm, 166 mm, 182 mm, or 210 mm. If the second photovoltaic cell structure 200 is a copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS) cell, its thickness is between 100-200 μm.

[0106] In one embodiment, the third photovoltaic cell structure 300 includes a transparent conductive layer, a photoelectric absorption and conversion layer, another transparent conductive layer, a metal grid layer, and an insulating passivation layer sequentially disposed, as shown in FIG5. The third photovoltaic cell structure 300 is disposed within the laminated glass of the window 460 or the rear window 470. The separator in the third photovoltaic cell structure 300 is deposited on the window 460 glass or the rear window 470 by vapor deposition.

[0107] A third photovoltaic cell structure 300 is installed on the sunroof and the rear trunk lid. A transparent conductive layer, a photoelectric absorption and conversion layer, a transparent conductive layer, a metal grid layer, and an insulating passivation layer are sequentially deposited on the semi-tempered glass of the sunroof and rear trunk lid using methods such as coating and vapor deposition. The semi-transparent thin-film solar cells located in the front and rear windows 460° have high transparency and, due to the light absorption properties of the encapsulation film structure and materials, possess certain radiation and heat resistance properties, and can replace the solar film applied to the sunroof and rear trunk lid 460° glass.

[0108] As shown in Figure 4, specifically, a third photovoltaic cell structure 300 is installed on the sunroof and the rear trunk lid. A transparent conductive film, a photoelectric absorption and conversion layer, a transparent conductive film, and an insulating passivation protective layer are sequentially deposited on the inner side of the tempered glass of the sunroof and the rear trunk lid. Using laser film removal technology, the structure is divided into strip-shaped power generation units at certain intervals, retaining the edge conductive film layer to maintain a closed circuit. In sunny conditions, the transparent film battery on the rear windshield can generate electricity. In rainy or snowy weather, a control switch is used to switch and connect a certain input voltage, short-circuiting the battery unit and using the semi-transparent thin-film solar cell as an electrical load. During short periods of power-on, the indium tin oxide circuit in the battery can heat up to over 40 degrees Celsius, defrosting and defogging the rear window. The advantages of this battery arrangement are twofold: firstly, it fully utilizes the vehicle's surface area to increase power generation; secondly, it can replace the heating wires on the rear windshield for defrosting and defogging the car windows.

[0109] In the third photovoltaic cell structure 300, the visible light transmittance of the transparent conductive layer is greater than 85%, and the material is one of indium tin oxide (ITO), aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO), boron-doped zinc oxide (BZO), gallium-doped zinc oxide (GZO), fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO), conductive graphene, and nano-silver; the photoelectric absorption and conversion layer is one of amorphous silicon thin film, microcrystalline silicon thin film, copper indium gallium tin thin film, cadmium telluride thin film, dye sensitizing material, and organic polymer thin film; the visible light transmittance of the semi-transparent thin film battery is 5-60%; the insulating passivation layer is one of silicon dioxide thin film, silicon nitride thin film, and polydimethylsiloxane, and the transmittance of visible light and near-infrared wavelengths (380-1100nm) is greater than 80%.

[0110] As shown in Figure 6, one embodiment of this application also provides a method for manufacturing a car with photovoltaic cells. The method for manufacturing a car with photovoltaic cells includes:

[0111] S100, A first photovoltaic cell structure may be optionally installed on the corresponding structures of the vehicle window, windshield, sunroof, rear window and rear trunk lid;

[0112] S200, a second photovoltaic cell structure can be optionally installed on the corresponding structures of the car engine compartment cover, doors, sunroof, rear trunk lid and rear window.

[0113] S300: A third photovoltaic cell structure is installed on the structure corresponding to the sunroof and the rear trunk lid.

[0114] S400: Install the windshield, sunroof, trunk lid, engine compartment cover, doors, windows, and rear window onto the vehicle body.

[0115] S500 connects the first photovoltaic cell structure, the second photovoltaic cell structure, and the third photovoltaic cell structure to the vehicle battery.

[0116] In this embodiment, the above method is used to install at least one of a first photovoltaic cell structure, a second photovoltaic cell structure, and a third photovoltaic cell structure on the sunroof and the rear trunk lid; to install a second photovoltaic cell structure on the engine hood and the doors; to install at least one of a first photovoltaic cell structure and a second photovoltaic cell structure on the rear windshield; and to install a first photovoltaic cell structure at the sunshade position of the windshield. The first, second, and third photovoltaic cell structures are then electrically connected to the vehicle's onboard battery to supply power, thereby improving the vehicle's range. This method fully utilizes the vehicle's surface area, increasing the area for photovoltaic cell installation and thus improving the overall power generation of the vehicle.

[0117] It should be noted that there is no restriction on the order of steps S100, S200, and S300; they can be performed simultaneously or sequentially. For example, at least one of a first photovoltaic cell structure, a second photovoltaic cell structure, and a third photovoltaic cell structure can be installed on different production lines, respectively, on the sunroof glass and the rear trunk lid; a second photovoltaic cell structure can be installed on the engine hood and the doors; at least one of a first photovoltaic cell structure and a second photovoltaic cell structure can be installed on the rear windshield; and a first photovoltaic cell structure can be installed at the sunshade position of the windshield.

[0118] As shown in Figure 7, in one embodiment, a first photovoltaic cell structure is provided on the corresponding structures of the windshield, sunroof, and trunk lid, including:

[0119] S110, Place the lower encapsulation layer;

[0120] S120. Lay the first adhesive layer on the lower encapsulation layer;

[0121] S130, Lay the first photovoltaic cell structure on the first adhesive layer;

[0122] S140. Lay a second adhesive layer on the first photovoltaic cell structure;

[0123] S150, Place the encapsulation layer on the second adhesive layer;

[0124] S160, the lower encapsulation layer, the first adhesive layer, the first photovoltaic cell structure, the second adhesive layer and the upper encapsulation layer are laminated and encapsulated to form a vehicle window, windshield, sunroof, rear window and rear trunk lid with the first photovoltaic cell structure.

[0125] The process involves sequentially laying down a lower encapsulation layer, a first adhesive layer, a first photovoltaic cell structure, a second adhesive layer, and an upper encapsulation layer, and then sealing these layers together using a hot-pressing method. This process is simple and easy to operate. The first and second adhesive layers are used to bond the first photovoltaic cell structure to the lower and upper encapsulation layers.

[0126] As shown in Figure 8, in one embodiment, a first photovoltaic cell structure can be selectively provided on the structures corresponding to the vehicle window, windshield, sunroof, rear window, and trunk lid, including:

[0127] S210. Clean the side of the second photovoltaic cell structure facing the car engine compartment hood, door, sunroof, rear trunk lid or rear window.

[0128] S220. Clean the surface of the car's engine compartment cover, doors, sunroof, trunk lid, or rear window.

[0129] S230. Apply a surfactant to the cleaned surfaces of the car's engine compartment hood, doors, sunroof, trunk lid, and rear window.

[0130] S240, Apply adhesive to the surfaces of the doors, sunroof, trunk lid and rear window;

[0131] S250, the second photovoltaic cell structure is bonded to the vehicle door, sunroof, rear trunk lid and rear window.

[0132] In this embodiment, the side of the vehicle door, sunroof, trunk lid, and rear window that is bonded to the second photovoltaic cell structure is cleaned, and the surface of the second photovoltaic cell structure is also cleaned to improve the bonding strength between the second photovoltaic cell structure and the vehicle door, sunroof, trunk lid, and rear window, thereby increasing the service life of the second photovoltaic cell structure.

[0133] As shown in Figure 9, in one embodiment, a third photovoltaic cell structure is provided on the structure corresponding to the sunroof and the rear trunk lid, including:

[0134] S310. Clean the tempered glass surface of the sunroof or the rear trunk lid;

[0135] S320, a transparent conductive layer, a photoelectric absorption and conversion layer, a transparent conductive layer, a metal grid layer, and an insulating passivation layer are sequentially deposited on tempered glass.

[0136] In this embodiment, the tempered glass surface of the vehicle window or rear window is cleaned to increase the bonding strength between the transparent conductive layer, photoelectric absorption and conversion layer, transparent conductive layer, metal grid layer and insulating passivation layer deposited on the tempered glass and the tempered glass.

[0137] The embodiments described above are merely illustrative of several implementation methods of this application, and while the descriptions are specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of this patent application. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of this application, and these all fall within the protection scope of this application. Therefore, the protection scope of this patent application should be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A car equipped with photovoltaic cells, characterized in that, The automobile with photovoltaic cells includes a first photovoltaic cell structure, a second photovoltaic cell structure, a third photovoltaic cell structure, a sunroof, a rear trunk lid, an engine compartment cover, doors, a rear windshield, a front windshield, and windows. The sunroof glass and the rear trunk lid are each provided with at least one of the first photovoltaic cell structure, the second photovoltaic cell structure and the third photovoltaic cell structure; The second photovoltaic cell structure is provided on both the engine hood and the vehicle door; At least one of the first photovoltaic cell structure and the second photovoltaic cell structure is provided on the rear windshield; The first photovoltaic cell structure is located at the position of the sunshade strip on the windshield; The first photovoltaic cell structure, the second photovoltaic cell structure, and the third photovoltaic cell structure are all electrically connected to the vehicle battery.

2. The automobile with photovoltaic cells according to claim 1, characterized in that, The vehicle window, the sunroof glass, the rear trunk lid, the windshield, and the rear window each include an upper encapsulation layer and a lower encapsulation layer, and the first photovoltaic cell structure is disposed between the upper encapsulation layer and the lower encapsulation layer.

3. The automobile with photovoltaic cells according to claim 2, characterized in that, An adhesive film layer is disposed between the upper encapsulation layer and the lower encapsulation layer, and the first photovoltaic cell structure is fixedly connected to the upper encapsulation layer and the lower encapsulation layer through the adhesive film layer.

4. The automobile with photovoltaic cells according to claim 3, characterized in that, The first photovoltaic cell structure includes: A first transparent substrate is provided with a first conductive film; A nanoporous semiconductor thin film is disposed on the transparent substrate; The dye sensitizer is adsorbed on the surface of the nanoporous semiconductor film; The second transparent substrate has a second conductive film and is disposed opposite to the first transparent substrate; The electrode is disposed on the side of the second transparent substrate facing the nanoporous semiconductor film; An electrolyte is filled between the first transparent substrate and the second transparent substrate.

5. The automobile with photovoltaic cells according to claim 2, characterized in that, The upper encapsulation layer is glass, and the lower encapsulation layer is glass or transparent engineering plastic.

6. The automobile with photovoltaic cells according to claim 2, characterized in that, A black printing area is provided around the periphery of the sunroof glass. The black printing area is used to bond the metal bracket and moving mechanism of the car sunroof. The solder strip of the first photovoltaic cell structure is located in the black printing area.

7. The automobile with photovoltaic cells according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, The second photovoltaic cell structure includes: Substrate; A back electrode is disposed on the substrate; An absorption layer is disposed on the side of the back electrode opposite to the substrate; A transition layer is disposed on the side of the absorption layer opposite to the back electrode; A window layer is provided on the side of the transition layer opposite to the absorption layer; A gate electrode layer is disposed on the side of the window layer opposite to the transition layer.

8. The automobile with photovoltaic cells according to claim 7, characterized in that, The surface of the gate electrode layer is provided with at least one aging-resistant thin film.

9. The automobile with photovoltaic cells according to claim 7, characterized in that, The car engine compartment cover is provided with a reserved through hole, and the lead wire of the second photovoltaic cell structure is connected to the vehicle battery through the reserved through hole.

10. The automobile with photovoltaic cells according to claim 9, characterized in that, The vehicle equipped with photovoltaic cells also includes: A solar controller is located inside the engine compartment, and the lead wire is electrically connected to the solar controller; The vehicle battery is electrically connected to the solar controller; The solar controller converts low-voltage DC to high-voltage DC via an inverter, which is then input to the vehicle battery.

11. The automobile with photovoltaic cells according to claim 7, characterized in that, The substrate is made of stainless steel; the engine compartment cover is made of aluminum alloy, galvanized steel sheet or carbon fiber composite material.

12. The automobile with photovoltaic cells according to claim 7, characterized in that, The substrate is provided with adhesive on the side facing the car engine compartment cover, and the substrate is bonded to the car engine compartment cover or the car door.

13. The automobile with photovoltaic cells according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, The third photovoltaic cell structure includes a transparent conductive layer, a photoelectric absorption and conversion layer, a transparent conductive layer, a metal grid layer, and an insulating passivation layer arranged sequentially. The third photovoltaic cell structure is disposed within the laminated glass of any one of the sunroof glass, the rear window glass, the front window glass, and the rear trunk lid.

14. The automobile with photovoltaic cells according to claim 13, characterized in that, The separator in the third photovoltaic cell structure is disposed in the laminated glass by vapor deposition.

15. A method for manufacturing a car with photovoltaic cells, characterized in that, The method for manufacturing the automobile with photovoltaic cells includes: The first photovoltaic cell structure can be optionally installed on the corresponding structures of the vehicle window, windshield, sunroof, rear window and rear trunk lid; A second photovoltaic cell structure can be optionally installed on the corresponding structures of the car engine compartment hood, doors, sunroof, rear trunk lid, and rear window. A third photovoltaic cell structure is installed on the structure corresponding to the sunroof and the rear trunk lid; The windshield, sunroof, trunk lid, engine compartment cover, doors, windows, and rear window are installed onto the vehicle body. The first photovoltaic cell structure, the second photovoltaic cell structure, and the third photovoltaic cell structure are connected to the vehicle battery.

16. The method for manufacturing a car with photovoltaic cells according to claim 15, characterized in that, The optional installation of a first photovoltaic cell structure on the corresponding structures of the vehicle window, windshield, sunroof, rear window, and trunk lid includes: Place the lower encapsulation layer; A first adhesive layer is laid on the lower encapsulation layer; The first photovoltaic cell structure is laid on the first adhesive layer; A second adhesive layer is laid on the first photovoltaic cell structure; An encapsulation layer is placed on the second adhesive layer; The lower encapsulation layer, the first adhesive layer, the first photovoltaic cell structure, the second adhesive layer, and the upper encapsulation layer are laminated and encapsulated to form the vehicle window, the windshield, the sunroof, the rear window, and the rear trunk lid, which are provided with the first photovoltaic cell structure.

17. The method for manufacturing a car with photovoltaic cells according to claim 15, characterized in that, The optional installation of a second photovoltaic cell structure on the corresponding structures of the vehicle's engine hood, doors, sunroof, trunk lid, and rear window includes: The side of the second photovoltaic cell structure facing the car engine compartment hood, the car door, the sunroof, the rear trunk lid, or the rear window is cleaned. The engine compartment hood, doors, sunroof, trunk lid, and rear window surface of the vehicle are cleaned. A surfactant is pre-applied to the cleaned surfaces of the vehicle's engine compartment hood, doors, sunroof, trunk lid, and rear window. Adhesive is applied to the surfaces of the vehicle doors, the sunroof, the rear trunk lid, and the rear windshield. The second photovoltaic cell structure is bonded to the vehicle door, the sunroof, the rear trunk lid, and the rear window. Adhesion.

18. The method for manufacturing a car with photovoltaic cells according to claim 15, characterized in that, The provision of a third photovoltaic cell structure on the structure corresponding to the sunroof and the rear trunk lid includes: Clean the tempered glass surface of the sunroof or the rear trunk lid; A transparent conductive layer, a photoelectric absorption and conversion layer, a transparent conductive layer, a metal grid layer, and an insulating passivation layer are sequentially deposited on the tempered glass.

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