Separator, separator preparation method, battery apparatus, electric device, and vehicle

Abstract

A separator, a separator preparation method, a battery apparatus, an electric device, and a vehicle. The separator comprises a substrate; the substrate comprises a first inverse barocaloric effect material layer and a thermal insulation layer; and the thermal insulation layer and the first inverse barocaloric effect material layer are stacked in layers. The first inverse barocaloric effect material layer absorbs heat when compressed by a battery, and the thermal insulation layer reduces heat diffusion; and when thermal runaway occurs in the battery, heat released by the battery due to thermal runaway can be absorbed, and heat is prevented from diffusing, thereby reducing the risk of battery fire.

Description

Separator, method for manufacturing separator, battery device, electric equipment and vehicle

[0001] The present application claims priority to the Chinese patent application No. 202410691962.X, filed on May 30, 2024, and entitled "Separator, method for manufacturing separator, battery device, electric equipment and vehicle", the content of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. TECHNICAL FIELD

[0002] The present application relates to the technical field of batteries, and more particularly, to a separator, a method for manufacturing the separator, a battery device, an electric equipment and a vehicle. BACKGROUND

[0003] In a battery module or a battery pack, a foam material is often used to separate adjacent batteries. Since the foam has good compressibility and resilience, it can absorb the expansion of the battery cell. However, the foam has poor high-temperature resistance, and when the battery cell experiences thermal runaway, it is difficult to play a role in thermal resistance.

[0004] When the battery cell experiences thermal runaway, the expansion of the battery cell will cause the adjacent battery cell to be squeezed and deformed, releasing flammable gas of the electrolyte, and the temperature rising rate of the runaway battery cell is too fast, forming a local continuous high-temperature heat source, which is easy to cause the battery to catch fire, explode and other accidents. SUMMARY

[0005] The present application aims to provide a separator, a method for manufacturing the separator, a battery device, an electric equipment and a vehicle, which can absorb heat when the battery experiences thermal runaway, and reduce the risk of fire and explosion of the battery.

[0006] To achieve the purpose of the present application, the present application provides the following technical solutions:

[0007] In a first aspect, the present application provides a separator for a battery device, the separator comprising a base sheet, the base sheet comprising a first inverse PTC material layer and a thermal insulation layer, the thermal insulation layer being stacked with the first inverse PTC material layer.

[0008] In an embodiment, the material of the first inverse PTC material layer is any one or a combination of Mn3GaN, (NH4)2SO4 and NH4SCN.

[0009] In an embodiment, the material of the thermal insulation layer is aerogel.

[0010] In an embodiment, the aerogel is silicon dioxide.

[0011] In an embodiment, the substrate further comprises a second anti-Piezo effect material layer, the second anti-Piezo effect material layer is arranged on a side of the thermal insulation layer opposite to the first anti-Piezo effect material layer.

[0012] In an embodiment, the spacer further comprises an encapsulation film, the encapsulation film is arranged on an outer surface of the substrate.

[0013] In an embodiment, the encapsulation film is a polyethylene terephthalate film or a polyimide film.

[0014] In an embodiment, the insulation resistance of the spacer is R, the leakage current of the spacer is I, and the compression deformation resistance of the spacer is W, at least one of R>450MΩ, I<5mA, and W>60% is satisfied.

[0015] In a second aspect, the application further provides a method for preparing a spacer, comprising:

[0016] providing a substrate, the substrate comprising a first anti-Piezo effect material layer and a thermal insulation layer arranged in a stack.

[0017] In an embodiment, the substrate is provided, and further comprises:

[0018] the substrate further comprises the second anti-Piezo effect material layer, the second anti-Piezo effect material layer is arranged on a side of the thermal insulation layer opposite to the first anti-Piezo effect material layer.

[0019] In an embodiment, further comprising:

[0020] providing an encapsulation film, and encapsulating the substrate using the encapsulation film.

[0021] In a third aspect, the application further provides a battery device, comprising a battery and a spacer as described in any one of the embodiments of the first aspect or a spacer prepared by the method as described in any one of the embodiments of the second aspect, the spacer being connected to the battery.

[0022] In an embodiment, the battery is a plurality of batteries, the plurality of batteries are arranged in an interval, and the spacer is arranged between two adjacent batteries.

[0023] In a fourth aspect, the application further provides an electrical equipment, comprising an electrical device as described in any one of the embodiments of the third aspect, the electrical device being powered by the electrical device.

[0024] In a fifth aspect, the application further provides a vehicle, comprising an electrical device as described in any one of the embodiments of the third aspect or an electrical equipment as described in the fourth aspect.

[0025] The base sheet provided with the spacer comprises a first phase change material layer and a thermal insulation layer stacked, the first phase change material layer absorbs heat when the battery is extruded, and the thermal insulation layer reduces heat diffusion, when the battery expands due to thermal runaway, the heat released by the battery thermal runaway can be absorbed and the heat diffusion is reduced, and the risk of fire of the battery is reduced. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0026] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application or the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor.

[0027] Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a battery device according to an embodiment;

[0028] Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the microstructure of a spacer according to an embodiment;

[0029] Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the microstructure of a spacer according to another embodiment;

[0030] Fig. 4 is a flowchart of a method for preparing a spacer according to an embodiment;

[0031] Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the structure of an electrical device according to an embodiment;

[0032] Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a vehicle according to an embodiment;

[0033] Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a vehicle according to another embodiment.

[0034] Reference signs: 100-battery device; 200-electrical device; 300-vehicle; 10-battery; 20-spacer, 21-base sheet, 211-first phase change material layer, 212-thermal insulation layer, 213-second phase change material layer, 214-first surface, 215-second surface, 22-encapsulation film; 30-electrical device. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0035] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present application, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor are within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0036] It should be noted that when a component is referred to as being "on" another component, it can be directly on the other component or intervening components can also be present. When a component is referred to as being "connected" to another component, it can be directly connected to the other component or intervening components can also be present.

[0037] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs. The terminology used in the description of the application herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the application. All publications, patent applications, patents, and other references mentioned herein are incorporated by reference in their entirety.

[0038] Some embodiments of the present application will be described in detail with reference to the drawings, where like reference numerals can refer to like elements throughout. Embodiments described below and features in the embodiments can be combined with each other, without conflict.

[0039] Referring to FIG. 5, the embodiments of the present application provide a power utilization device 200, which includes a power utilization apparatus 30 and the battery device 100 in the embodiments of the present application. The battery device 100 supplies power to the power utilization apparatus 30.

[0040] Optionally, the power utilization apparatus 30 can be an electric vehicle, a hybrid vehicle, a base station, a household power load, etc. The battery device can be a power battery device, an energy storage battery device, etc., without specific limitation.

[0041] The power utilization device 200 adopts the battery device 100 in the embodiments of the present application, which can reduce the risk of fire of the battery device 100.

[0042] Optionally, referring to FIG. 6 and FIG. 7, the embodiments of the present application provide a vehicle 300, which includes the power utilization device 200 in the embodiments of the present application or the battery device 100 in the embodiments of the present application.

[0043] Optionally, the battery device 100 is a power battery device, and the power utilization device 200 or the battery device 100 supplies power to the vehicle 300.

[0044] The vehicle 300 adopts the power utilization device 200 in the embodiments of the present application or the battery device 100 in the embodiments of the present application, which improves the safety performance of the vehicle 300.

[0045] Referring to FIG. 1, the embodiments of the present application also provide a battery device 100, which includes a battery 10 and the separator 20 in the embodiments of the present application or the separator 20 prepared by the preparation method of the separator 20 in the embodiments of the present application. The separator 20 is connected to the battery 10.

[0046] Optionally, the battery 10 comprises a battery cell, which can be a stacked battery cell, a wound battery cell, a stacked battery cell such as a square stacked battery cell, a blade stacked battery cell, etc.

[0047] Optionally, the battery cell comprises a positive electrode tab and a negative electrode tab.

[0048] The positive electrode tab comprises a positive electrode current collector, and the positive electrode current collector has a positive electrode active layer thereon. The positive electrode active layer comprises a positive electrode material, a conductive agent, a binder, etc. The materials are not specifically limited in the present application, and appropriate materials can be selected according to actual application requirements. The positive electrode current collector includes, but is not limited to, any one of a copper foil and an aluminum foil. The positive electrode active material can be a phosphate positive electrode active material and a ternary positive electrode active material, and in specific embodiments, includes one or more of lithium cobaltate, lithium manganate, lithium iron phosphate, lithium manganese iron phosphate, lithium vanadium phosphate, lithium vanadium oxide phosphate, fluorinated lithium vanadium phosphate, lithium titanate, lithium nickel cobalt manganate, and lithium nickel cobalt aluminum. The conductive agent includes one or more of graphite, carbon black, acetylene black, graphene, carbon fiber, C60, and carbon nanotube, and the content of the conductive agent in the positive electrode active layer is 3wt%-5wt%. The types of the binder include one or more of polyvinylidene chloride, soluble polytetrafluoroethylene, butadiene rubber, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, methyl cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose, polyvinyl alcohol, acrylonitrile copolymer, sodium alginate, chitosan, and chitosan derivatives, and the content of the binder in the positive electrode active layer is 2wt%-4wt%.

[0049] The negative electrode tab comprises a negative electrode current collector, and the negative electrode current collector has a negative electrode active layer thereon. The negative electrode active layer comprises a negative electrode material, a conductive agent, a binder, etc. The materials are not specifically limited in the present application, and appropriate materials can be selected according to actual application requirements. The negative electrode active material can include one or more of natural graphite, artificial graphite, hard carbon, soft carbon, lithium titanate, iron oxide, lithium titanium phosphate, titanium dioxide, silicon, silicon monoxide, aluminum, tin, and antimony. Optionally, a conductive agent can also be added to the negative electrode material film to improve the conductivity of the positive electrode active material. The conductive agent can include one or more of acetylene black, Ketjen black, Super-P, carbon nanotube, carbon nanofiber, activated carbon, and graphene.

[0050] Optionally, the battery device 100 further comprises a housing (not shown in the figure), which comprises a bottom plate and a plurality of side plates connected to the bottom plate and enclosing a receiving cavity. The receiving cavity is open at one end opposite to the bottom plate, and the battery 10 is received in the receiving cavity.

[0051] Optionally, the shell is made of a material with high structural strength, which can be a metal material, a high-strength plastic, a ceramic, or the like. The metal material can be, for example, aluminum, an aluminum alloy, a magnesium alloy, iron, an iron alloy, or the like. The shell can be of an integrated structure, i.e., the bottom plate and the side plate are integrally formed by an integrated forming process, such as stamping, casting, or the like. Alternatively, the shell can be of a split structure, i.e., the side plate and the bottom plate are connected and fixed by welding, bonding, clamping, screwing, or the like. The thickness of the shell can be substantially uniform, i.e., the thickness of the side plate can be substantially uniform, and the thickness of the bottom plate and the side plate can also be substantially uniform.

[0052] Optionally, the battery device 100 further includes a cover plate connected to the opening of the shell to seal the accommodation cavity. The cover plate can be connected to the shell by welding, bonding, clamping, screwing, or the like. The cover plate can have a shape substantially the same as that of the bottom plate.

[0053] First, define the direction, as shown in FIG. 1, X is the first direction.

[0054] Optionally, the battery 10 can be a hard-shell battery 10 or a soft-pack battery 10, without limitation. In one embodiment, as shown in FIG. 1, the spacer 20 is connected to the battery 10 in the first direction X, and the thickness direction of the battery 10 is the first direction X.

[0055] Optionally, the battery 10 is a power battery 10. With the continuous development and breakthroughs in power battery 10 technology, the range of the vehicle has gradually increased, and the charging time has also been significantly shortened, solving the problems of range anxiety and long charging time, and making new energy vehicles more and more popular with consumers. At present, a foam material is often used in the power battery device 100 to separate each string of batteries 10. Since the foam has good compressibility and resilience, it can provide a breathing space for the battery 10 during charging and discharging, and absorb the expansion of the battery 10. However, the foam has poor high-temperature resistance, and it is difficult to play a role in thermal insulation when the battery 10 experiences thermal runaway.

[0056] In order to improve the safety of the power battery device 100, aerogel or mica-based thermal insulation materials can be used between the batteries 10 in the power battery device 100. However, the existing aerogel or mica-based thermal insulation materials can only play a role in thermal insulation. In the case of extreme thermal runaway, although the aerogel has a certain thermal insulation effect, the expansion force of the battery 10 increases, which can cause the adjacent battery 10 to be squeezed and deformed, releasing flammable gas, and the temperature of the out-of-control battery 10 increases too quickly, forming a local high-temperature heat source, which can easily cause a fire or other accidents in the battery 10.

[0057] The battery device 100 in the embodiments of the present application can absorb the heat of the out-of-control battery 10 and reduce the risk of fire of the battery 10 by using the spacer 20 in the embodiments of the present application or the spacer 20 prepared by the preparation method of the spacer 20 in the embodiments of the present application.

[0058] Optionally, the plurality of batteries 10 are arranged at intervals, and a spacer 20 is arranged between every two adjacent batteries 10.

[0059] Optionally, as shown in FIG. 1, the plurality of batteries 10 are arranged at intervals along the first direction X, and a spacer 20 is arranged between every two adjacent batteries 10, and the spacer 20 contacts the large faces of the two adjacent batteries.

[0060] In another embodiment, the plurality of batteries 10 are arranged at intervals along the first direction X, and a spacer 20 is arranged between every two adjacent batteries 10, and the spacer 20 contacts the large faces of the two adjacent batteries.

[0061] By arranging the plurality of batteries 10 at intervals and arranging a spacer 20 between every two adjacent batteries 10, the spacer 20 can absorb the heat released by the thermal runaway of the battery 10 when the battery 10 swells, thereby reducing the risk of fire of the battery 10.

[0062] The spacer 20 in the embodiments of the present application is described in detail below.

[0063] Referring to FIG. 2, the present application provides a spacer 20 for a battery device 100, the spacer 20 comprising a substrate 21, the substrate 21 comprising a first layer of inverse barocaloric effect material 211 and a thermal insulation layer 212, the thermal insulation layer 212 and the first layer of inverse barocaloric effect material 211 being arranged in a stack.

[0064] Optionally, the inverse barocaloric effect (or Large inverse barocaloric effects, LIBCEs) refers to the absorption of heat when subjected to pressure and the release of heat when the pressure is released. Specifically, the material with the inverse barocaloric effect is in contact with a heat source, absorbs heat under pressure, and at the same time cools the heat source; the heat can be stored for a long time and does not dissipate with the change of the ambient temperature; when the pressure is released, the material releases heat to the outside, realizing the reuse of waste heat.

[0065] Optionally, the thermal insulation layer 212 and the first layer of inverse barocaloric effect material 211 are arranged in a stack in the first direction X, and the thermal insulation layer 212 and the first layer of inverse barocaloric effect material 211 can be connected by adhesion, clamping or the like, which is not limited in particular.

[0066] In this embodiment, the separator 20 has a substrate 21 including a first anti-pyroclastic effect material layer 211. During the charging and discharging process of the battery 10, as the battery 10 expands and contracts, the first anti-pyroclastic effect layer in the separator 20 absorbs heat when the battery 10 expands and releases heat when the battery 10 contracts. The separator 20 exhibits a heat absorption-heat release process, thereby reducing the temperature difference during charging and discharging. Even under extreme conditions where the battery 10 expands rapidly, the separator 20, which includes the first anti-pyroclastic effect layer and the heat insulation layer 212, can absorb a large amount of heat while providing heat insulation, thereby reducing the rate of temperature rise, reducing the heat release of the thermally runaway battery 10, improving heat accumulation, and enhancing the safety and service life of the battery pack.

[0067] In this embodiment, the separator 20 is provided with a substrate 21, which includes a first anti-pressure calorific effect material layer 211 and a heat insulation layer 212 stacked together. The first anti-pressure calorific effect material layer 211 absorbs heat when squeezed by the battery 10, and the heat insulation layer 212 reduces heat diffusion. When the battery 10 undergoes thermal runaway expansion, it can absorb the heat released by the battery 10 during thermal runaway and ensure that the heat does not diffuse, thereby reducing the risk of fire of the battery 10.

[0068] Optionally, the material of the first anti-Pontaker effect material layer 211 is any one or a combination of Mn3GaN, (NH4)2SO4, and NH4SCN.

[0069] Optionally, the phase transition entropy of the first anti-Ponnage-Karl effect material layer 211 is greater than 100 J·kg. -1 ·K -1 .

[0070] Optionally, the material of the first anti-Pon-Yakka effect layer 211 is NH4SCN (ammonium thiocyanate). Studies have found that the suppression of hydrogen bonding interactions by pressure is the root cause of the anomalous Pon-Yakka effect. In NH4SCN, NH4... + With SCN - There are numerous hydrogen bonds between them, and along the SCN - The vertical component is larger. SCN after pressure is applied. - The increased transverse vibration amplitude weakens hydrogen bond interactions, leading to orientation disorder and promoting a plastic crystal phase transition. The crystal lattice exhibits a negative thermal expansion of up to 5% in volume, with a phase transition entropy of 128 J·kg⁻¹. -1 ·K -1 .

[0071] Optionally, the material of the first anti-Pontaker effect material layer 211 can be any one or a combination of Mn3GaN, (NH4)2SO4, and NH4SCN, or other materials with anti-Pontaker effect, without any specific restrictions.

[0072] By setting the material of the first anti-Pontaker effect material layer 211 to be any one or a combination of Mn3GaN, (NH4)2SO4, and NH4SCN, the substrate 21 adopts a material with anti-Pontaker effect. When subjected to pressure, it absorbs heat and can absorb the heat released by the thermal runaway of the battery 10 when the battery 10 undergoes thermal runaway expansion, thereby reducing the risk of fire of the battery 10.

[0073] Optionally, the material of the insulation layer 212 may include aerogel.

[0074] Optionally, the aerogel can be any high-temperature resistant and heat-insulating aerogel material commonly used in the field, without any specific limitation.

[0075] Optionally, the thermal conductivity K of the aerogel of the insulation layer 212 at 300℃ satisfies: K≤0.04W / (m·K), so that the first insulation layer 212 has a good thermal insulation effect.

[0076] Optionally, the insulation layer 212 may also include a substrate, wherein the aerogel is disposed on the substrate.

[0077] Optionally, the substrate can be any one of glass fiber, basalt fiber, or polyimide fiber.

[0078] Optionally, the substrate can also be any combination of glass fiber, basalt fiber, and polyimide fiber. The substrate can provide support for the aerogel, is heat-resistant, and has certain flame-retardant properties.

[0079] Optionally, the aerogel can be entirely disposed inside the substrate, or the aerogel can be disposed on the surface of the substrate, or the aerogel can be partially embedded inside the substrate and partially disposed on the surface of the substrate. All of the above methods are acceptable and there is no specific limitation.

[0080] Optionally, in one embodiment, the aerogel completely fills the interior of the substrate.

[0081] By incorporating aerogel as the material for the insulation layer 212, the insulation layer 212 can isolate heat diffusion between two adjacent batteries 10, and will not transfer heat to adjacent batteries 10 even after thermal runaway of battery 10, thereby reducing the risk of fire of battery 10.

[0082] Optionally, the aerogel is made of silicon dioxide. Silica has good thermal insulation and high-temperature resistance, which can prevent heat dissipation in the event of thermal runaway in battery 10.

[0083] Optionally, the substrate 21 may also include a second anti-Ponty-Cal effect material layer 213, which is disposed on the side of the heat insulation layer 212 opposite to the first anti-Ponty-Cal effect material layer 211.

[0084] Optionally, the material of the second anti-Pontychka effect material layer 213 is the same as that of the first anti-Pontychka effect material layer 211 mentioned above. This can be referred to for reference only and will not be repeated here.

[0085] Optionally, as shown in Figure 2, the heat insulation layer 212 includes a first side 214 and a second side 215 facing away from each other. A first anti-Ponty-California effect material layer 211 is disposed on the first side 214, and a second anti-Ponty-California effect material layer 213 is disposed on the second side 215 to facilitate the heat dissipation of the batteries 10 on both sides.

[0086] Optionally, the substrate 21 may include a plurality of heat insulation layers 212, which are spaced apart, and each heat insulation layer 212 is provided with a first anti-Ponty-Card effect material layer 211 and / or a second anti-Ponty-Card effect material layer 213.

[0087] In one embodiment, as shown in FIG3, the substrate 21 includes a first anti-Ponty-Calena material layer 211, two heat insulation layers 212, and two second anti-Ponty-Calena material layers 213. The two heat insulation layers are connected by the first anti-Ponty-Calena material layer 211, and the second anti-Ponty-Calena material layer 213 is disposed on the side of each of the two heat insulation layers 212 facing away from the first anti-Ponty-Calena material layer 211.

[0088] Optionally, the insulation layer 212 can also be three, four, etc., referring to the above-mentioned arrangement of multiple insulation layers 212, which will not be repeated here.

[0089] The substrate 21 also includes a second anti-Ponty-Card effect material layer 213. The second anti-Ponty-Card effect material layer 213 is disposed on the side of the heat insulation layer 212 away from the first anti-Ponty-Card effect material layer 211, which can prevent heat from spreading on both sides, avoid the runaway battery 10 from affecting the adjacent battery 10, and reduce the risk of fire of the battery 10.

[0090] Optionally, the battery assembly 100 also includes a tray having a frame. A separator 20 may also be disposed between the battery 10 and the frame near the frame. The separator 20 disposed between the battery 10 and the frame may include a first anti-pyroclastic material layer 211 and a heat insulation layer 212, with the first anti-pyroclastic material layer 211 facing the battery 10; or, the separator 20 disposed between the battery 10 and the frame may include a first anti-pyroclastic material layer 211, a second anti-pyroclastic material layer 213, and a heat insulation layer 212, without specific limitations.

[0091] Optionally, as shown in Figure 2, the spacer 20 may also include an encapsulation film 22, which covers the outer surface of the substrate 21.

[0092] Optionally, the encapsulation film 22 can be made of encapsulation film 22 materials commonly used in the field, without specific limitations.

[0093] Optionally, the encapsulation film 22 has good insulation and pressure resistance, which can improve the safety factor of the separator 20, making it less likely to break when subjected to the expansion and compression of the battery 10, and protecting the substrate 21 to prevent the substrate 21 from dispersing.

[0094] Optionally, the encapsulation film 22 is a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) film or a polyimide (PI) film.

[0095] Optionally, the encapsulation film 22 can also be other encapsulation films 22 with good insulation and pressure resistance in the art, and there is no specific limitation.

[0096] By setting the encapsulation film 22 to a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) film or a polyimide (PI) film, the encapsulation film 22 can improve the safety factor of the separator 20, making it less prone to breakage when subjected to the expansion and compression of the battery 10, and protecting the substrate 21 to prevent the substrate 21 from dispersing.

[0097] Optionally, the insulation resistance of the spacer 20 is R, the leakage current of the spacer 20 is I, and the compressive deformation rate of the spacer 20 is W, satisfying at least one of: R > 450MΩ, I < 5mA and W > 60%.

[0098] Optionally, the insulation resistance R of the spacer 20 satisfies: R > 500MΩ, and / or the leakage current I of the spacer 20 satisfies: I < 3mA, and / or the compressive strength W of the spacer 20 satisfies: W > 65%.

[0099] By setting the performance of the separator 20 to meet the above parameters, the temperature of the battery 10 can be kept in a narrower temperature range during the charging and discharging process, reducing the risk of runaway caused by excessively rapid temperature rise.

[0100] Please refer to Figure 4. This application also provides a method for preparing the spacer 20, including:

[0101] Step S10, a substrate 21 is provided, the substrate 21 including a first anti-Pontal pressure effect material layer 211 and a heat insulation layer 212 stacked together.

[0102] By setting the substrate 21 to include a first anti-pyroclastic effect material layer 211 and a heat insulation layer 212 stacked together, the first anti-pyroclastic effect layer absorbs heat when squeezed by the battery 10, and the heat insulation layer 212 reduces heat diffusion. When the battery 10 undergoes thermal runaway expansion, it can absorb the heat released by the battery 10 during thermal runaway and ensure that the heat does not diffuse, thereby reducing the risk of fire of the battery 10.

[0103] Optionally, substrate 21 is provided, and also includes:

[0104] The substrate 21 also includes a second anti-Ponty-Cal effect material layer 213, which is disposed on the side of the heat insulation layer 212 opposite to the first anti-Ponty-Cal effect material layer.

[0105] Optionally, the heat insulation layer 212 includes a first side 214 and a second side 215 facing away from each other, a first anti-Ponty-suppression effect material layer 211 disposed on the first side 214, and a second anti-Ponty-suppression effect material layer 213 disposed on the second side 215.

[0106] The substrate 21 also includes a second anti-pyroclastic material layer 213. The second anti-pyroclastic material layer 213 is disposed on the side of the heat insulation layer 212 opposite to the first anti-pyroclastic material layer, which can ensure that the heat of the batteries 10 on both sides does not spread, and prevent the runaway battery 10 from affecting the adjacent battery 10.

[0107] Optionally, as shown in Figure 4, the preparation method of the spacer 20 further includes:

[0108] Step S20: Provide an encapsulation film 22 and use the encapsulation film 22 to encapsulate the substrate 21.

[0109] Optionally, the encapsulation film 22 is a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) film or a polyimide (PI) film.

[0110] By encapsulating the substrate 21 with the encapsulation film 22, the separator 20 is less likely to break when the battery 10 expands, which can improve the safety factor of the separator 20.

[0111] The technical solution of this application will be described in detail below through specific embodiments.

[0112] Example 1

[0113] This embodiment provides a spacer and its preparation method. The substrate of the spacer includes a first anti-Ponnage-Calcher effect material layer, a heat insulation layer, and a second anti-Ponnage-Calcher effect material layer. The first anti-Ponnage-Calcher effect material layer has an entropy value of 128 J / kg·K and a thickness of 0.3 mm. The first heat insulation layer has a thickness of 0.4 mm. The second anti-Ponnage-Calcher effect material layer has an entropy value of 128 J / kg·K and a thickness of 0.3 mm.

[0114] (1) The first anti-Pontych effect material layer, the heat insulation layer and the second anti-Pontych effect material layer are stacked in sequence to form a substrate.

[0115] (2) Use PET encapsulation film to encapsulate the substrate and make a separator with a thickness of 1mm.

[0116] Example 2

[0117] The difference between this and Example 1 is that the substrate of this spacer includes a first anti-Ponty-Cal effect material layer, two heat insulation layers and two second anti-Ponty-Cal effect material layers, which are stacked sequentially in the order of second anti-Ponty-Cal effect material layer, heat insulation layer, first anti-Ponty-Cal effect material layer, heat insulation layer and second anti-Ponty-Cal effect material layer to form a substrate, and finally a spacer with a thickness of 1.7mm is made.

[0118] Comparative Example 1

[0119] The difference between this and Example 1 is that the substrate of this separator only includes a heat insulation layer, and the thickness of the separator is 1mm.

[0120] The separators from the above embodiments and comparative examples were respectively placed in battery devices of the same specification, with the separators positioned between two adjacent batteries. At an ambient temperature of 30°C, thermocouples were arranged inside the battery device to test the internal temperature changes during the battery charge-discharge cycle. The highest and lowest temperatures of the batteries were recorded, and the test results are shown in Table 1.

[0121] Table 1

[0122] As can be seen from the test results of Examples 1, 2, and Comparative Example 1 in Table 1, adding an anti-Pontal-thruster effect material layer to the separator can reduce the highest temperature during battery charge-discharge cycles, slightly increase the lowest temperature during battery charge-discharge cycles, reduce the heat release of the thermal runaway cell, and improve heat accumulation. Furthermore, using an anti-Pontal-thruster effect material separator can also reduce the maximum temperature difference during battery charge-discharge cycles, keeping the temperature within the battery device within a narrower temperature range and reducing the risk of runaway due to excessively rapid temperature rise.

[0123] As can be seen from the test results of Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 in Table 1, the separator with the added anti-Pontal-saturation-caking effect material layer can absorb heat when the battery expands, reducing the maximum temperature of the battery, and release heat when the battery contracts, raising the minimum temperature of the battery, reducing the maximum temperature difference in the battery charge-discharge cycle, and reducing the risk of runaway caused by excessively rapid temperature rise.

[0124] As can be seen from the test results of Examples 1 and 2 in Table 1, increasing the number of anti-Pontal-saturation material layers and heat insulation layers results in a lower maximum temperature and a higher minimum temperature for the battery, and a more significant effect in reducing the maximum temperature difference during battery charge and discharge cycles.

[0125] In summary, the separator in this embodiment of the application includes a first anti-pyroclastic material layer and a heat insulation layer on the substrate. The first anti-pyroclastic material layer absorbs heat when squeezed by the battery, and the heat insulation layer reduces heat diffusion. When the battery undergoes thermal runaway expansion, it can absorb the heat released by the battery thermal runaway and ensure that the heat does not diffuse, thereby reducing the risk of battery fire.

[0126] In the description of the embodiments of this application, it should be noted that the orientation or positional relationship of the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer" and other indicators are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this application.

[0127] The above-disclosed embodiments are merely preferred embodiments of this application and should not be construed as limiting the scope of this application. Those skilled in the art will understand that all or part of the processes for implementing the above embodiments and equivalent variations made in accordance with the claims of this application are still within the scope of this application.

Claims

1. A spacer (20), characterized in that, For a battery device (100), the separator (20) includes a substrate (21), the substrate (21) comprising: First anti-Ponnage effect material layer (211); The heat insulation layer (212) is stacked with the first anti-Pontal pressure effect material layer (211).

2. The spacer (20) according to claim 1, characterized in that, The material of the first anti-Pontal effect material layer (211) is any one or a combination of Mn3GaN, (NH4)2SO4, and NH4SCN.

3. The spacer (20) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The material of the insulation layer (212) includes aerogel.

4. The spacer (20) according to claim 3, characterized in that, The aerogel is silicon dioxide.

5. The spacer (20) according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, The substrate (21) further includes a second anti-Ponty-Card effect material layer (213), which is disposed on the side of the heat insulation layer (212) opposite to the first anti-Ponty-Card effect material layer (211).

6. The spacer (20) according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, The spacer (20) also includes an encapsulation film (22), which covers the outer surface of the substrate (21).

7. The spacer (20) according to claim 6, characterized in that, The encapsulation film (22) is a polyethylene terephthalate film or a polyimide film.

8. The spacer (20) according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that, The insulation resistance of the spacer (20) is R, the leakage current of the spacer (20) is I, and the compressive deformation resistance of the spacer (20) is W, satisfying at least one of: R > 450MΩ, I < 5mA and W > 60%.

9. A method for preparing a spacer (20), characterized in that, include: A substrate (21) is provided, the substrate (21) comprising a first anti-Pontal effect material layer (211) and a heat insulation layer (212) stacked together.

10. The method for preparing the spacer (20) according to claim 9, characterized in that, The substrate (21) provided also includes: The substrate (21) further includes a second anti-Ponty-Card effect material layer (213), which is disposed on the side of the heat insulation layer (212) opposite to the first anti-Ponty-Card effect material layer (211).

11. The method for preparing the spacer (20) according to claim 9 or 10, characterized in that, Also includes: An encapsulation film (22) is provided, and the substrate (21) is encapsulated using the encapsulation film (22).

12. A battery device (100), characterized in that, The battery (10) includes a separator (20) prepared by a method according to any one of claims 1 to 8 or any one of claims 9 to 11, wherein the separator (20) is connected to the battery (10).

13. The battery device (100) according to claim 12, characterized in that, There are multiple batteries (10), which are spaced apart, and a spacer (20) is provided between two adjacent batteries (10).

14. An electrical appliance (200), characterized in that, The device (30) includes the battery device (100) as described in claim 12 or 13, wherein the battery device (100) supplies power to the device (30).

15. A vehicle (300), characterized in that, Includes the battery device (100) as described in claim 12 or 13, or the electrical appliance (200) as described in claim 14.

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