Compounds and use thereof as WRN inhibitors
Inhibiting WRN helicase activity in MSI-H cancer cells using compounds with a fused tricyclic core structure addresses the unmet need in treating MSI-H cancers by inducing cell death and DNA damage, offering a targeted therapy for these cancers.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2025/098098
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Priority Date
- 2025-04-29
- Filing Date
- 2025-05-29
- Publication Date
- 2025-12-04
AI Technical Summary
There is a significant unmet medical need in treating microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H) cancers, as current treatments like immunotherapies are insufficient for many MSI-H indications, and Werner Syndrome RecQ helicase (WRN) is essential for the survival of MSI-H cancer cells, making it a target for synthetic lethality-based therapies.
Development of compounds that inhibit the WRN helicase activity by binding to its helicase domain, utilizing a fused tricyclic core structure with hydrogen bond acceptors, to selectively target and inhibit WRN in MSI-H cancer cells.
The compounds induce anti-proliferative effects, activate DNA damage signaling, and promote cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in MSI-H cancer cells, providing a therapeutic approach to treat MSI-H cancers with minimal side effects.
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Figure CN2025098098_04122025_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
COMPOUNDS AND USE THEREOF AS WRN INHIBITORSCROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
[0001] This application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 653,496, filed on May 30, 2024, and International Patent Application Nos. PCT / CN2025 / 078015, filed on February 19, 2025, and PCT / CN2025 / 092063, filed on April 29, 2025, the entirety of each of which is incorporated herein by reference.BACKGROUND
[0002] Genetic instability is a hallmark of cancer and typically arises from mutations in key DNA damage repair and / or reversal proteins. Intrinsic DNA damage response (DDR) defects can be exploited with DDR inhibitors via the concept of synthetic lethality. Synthetic lethality arises when a combination of deficiencies in the expression of two or more genes or corresponding loss of function of related gene product proteins leads to cell death, whereas a singular deficiency / loss of function does not. Tumor-specific genetic defects can create a vulnerability, which enable the use of targeted agents that are synthetically lethal to such tumor-specific genomic defect and induce the death of tumor cells with minimal side effects. Therefore, pathways involved in DNA repair mechanisms can be targeted by cytotoxic treatments based on synthetic lethality, turning dysregulated repair processes against tumor cells to achieve tumor treatment.
[0003] A notable example of synthetic lethal interactions between DDR inhibitors and key tumor-associated DDR defects is mismatch repair-deficient tumors and Werner Syndrome RecQ helicase (WRN) inhibitors. Defects in DNA mismatch repair (MMR) can promote a hyper-mutable state in which cells develop insertion and deletion mutations (indels) at microsatellites. This hypermutation, termed microsatellite instability (MSI) , has been identified to contribute to the development of certain cancers. Tumor MSI occurs when one or more MS regions have dramatically higher numbers of MS indels. Tumors with MS regions that do not display dramatically higher numbers of MS indels are generally referred to as microsatellite stable ( “MSS” ) . While progress has been made in the treatment of certain microsatellite instability high (MSI-H) cancers using immunotherapies (e.g, anti-PD1) , there is still a significant unmet medical need in many other MSI-H indications (André T., et al. Pembrolizumab in Microsatellite-Instability-High Advanced Colorectal Cancer. N Engl J Med 383 (23) : 2207-2218 (2020) ) .
[0004] Recently, genomics screens have identified the Werner Syndrome RecQ helicase (WRN) as being selectively required for the survival of cell lines with defective mismatch repair that have become MSI-H (Chan, E.M. et al. WRN helicase is a synthetic lethal target in microsatellite unstable cancers. Nature 2019, 568, 551–556) . WRN is synthetic lethal with MSI cancers. Depletion of WRN leads to anti-proliferative effects and results in activation of multiple DNA damage signaling markers, induction of cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in MMR cancer models but not cancer cells with an intact MMR pathway. WRN provides a DNA repair and maintenance function that is essential for cell survival in MSI cancers. It has been shown that dinucleotide TA repeats are selectively unstable in MSI cells and undergo large scale expansions, which form secondary DNA structures that require the WRN helicase for unwinding (Wietmarschen et al. Repeat expansions confer WRN dependence in microsatellite-unstable cancers, Nature, 2020, 586, 292-298) . Upon WRN helicase inhibition, expanded TA repeats in MSI cells are subject to nuclease cleavage and chromosome breakage. The present application provides certain compounds for treating cancers, particularly MSI cancers, by inhibiting WRN helicase activity.SUMMARY
[0005] In one embodiment, provided herein are certain compounds as Werner Syndrome RecQ helicase (WRN) inhibitors. In one embodiment, the compounds bind to helicase domain of WRN protein. In one embodiment, the compounds comprise a fused tricyclic core structure. In one embodiment, the compounds comprise at least one hydrogen bond acceptor. In one embodiment, the compounds comprise two hydrogen bond acceptors.
[0006] In one embodiment, provided herein is a compound of Formula (I) : or a stereoisomer, a mixture of stereoisomers, tautomer, isotopologue, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein M1, M2, M3, M4, M5, M6, M7, LA1, A, LA2, Y, Ring B1, Z1, Ring T, T1, X, LX, R1, and R2 are defined herein or elsewhere.
[0007] In one embodiment, provided herein is a compound of Formula (II) : or a stereoisomer, a mixture of stereoisomers, tautomer, isotopologue, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein M1, M2, M3, M4, M5, M6, M7, Ring C, Ring D, X3, X4, Ring T, T1, X, LX, R1, and R2 are defined herein or elsewhere.
[0008] Also provided herein are pharmaceutical compositions comprising a compound provided herein and a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.
[0009] Also provided herein are methods of treating cancers, particularly cancers characterized as microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H) or mismatch repair deficient (dMMR) , comprising administering to a subject having the cancer a therapeutically effective amount of a compound provided herein or a pharmaceutical composition provided herein.DETAILED DESCRIPTIONDEFINITIONS
[0010] Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as is commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art. All patents, applications, published applications and other publications are incorporated by reference in their entirety. In the event that there are a plurality of definitions for a term herein, those in this section prevail unless stated otherwise.
[0011] As used herein, and in the specification and the accompanying claims, the indefinite articles “a” and “an” and the definite article “the” include plural as well as single referents, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.
[0012] As used herein, the terms “comprising” and “including” can be used interchangeably. The terms “comprising” and “including” are to be interpreted as specifying the presence of the stated features or components as referred to, but does not preclude the presence or addition of one or more features, or components, or groups thereof. Additionally, the terms “comprising” and “including” are intended to include examples encompassed by the term “consisting of” . Consequently, the term “consisting of” can be used in place of the terms “comprising” and “including” to provide for more specific embodiments.
[0013] As used herein, the term “or” is to be interpreted as an inclusive “or” meaning any one or any combination. Therefore, “A, B or C” means any of the following: “A; B; C; A and B; A and C; B and C; A, B and C” . An exception to this definition will occur only when a combination of elements, functions, steps or acts are in some way inherently mutually exclusive.
[0014] As used herein, the phrase “and / or” as used in a phrase such as “A and / or B” herein is intended to include both A and B; A or B; A (alone) ; and B (alone) . Likewise, the phrase “and / or” as used in a phrase such as “A, B, and / or C” is intended to encompass each of the following embodiments: A, B, and C; A, B, or C; A or C; A or B; B or C; A and C; A and B; B and C; A (alone) ; B (alone) ; and C (alone) .
[0015] It should be noted that if there is a discrepancy between a depicted structure and a name for that structure, the depicted structure is to be accorded more weight.
[0016] As used herein, and unless otherwise specified, the term “alkyl” refers to a straight or branched hydrocarbon chain radical consisting solely of carbon and hydrogen atoms, which is saturated. In one embodiment, the alkyl group has, for example, from one to twenty-four carbon atoms (C1-C24 alkyl) , four to twenty carbon atoms (C4-C20 alkyl) , six to sixteen carbon atoms (C6-C16 alkyl) , six to nine carbon atoms (C6-C9 alkyl) , one to fifteen carbon atoms (C1-C15 alkyl) , one to twelve carbon atoms (C1-C12 alkyl) , one to eight carbon atoms (C1-C8 alkyl) or one to six carbon atoms (C1-C6 alkyl) and which is attached to the rest of the molecule by a single bond. Examples of alkyl groups include, but are not limited to, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, 1-methylethyl (isopropyl) , n-butyl, n-pentyl, 1, 1-dimethylethyl (t-butyl) , 3-methylhexyl, 2-methylhexyl, and the like. Unless otherwise specified, an alkyl group is optionally substituted.
[0017] As used herein, and unless otherwise specified, the term “alkenyl” refers to a straight or branched hydrocarbon chain radical consisting solely of carbon and hydrogen atoms, which contains one or more carbon-carbon double bonds. The term “alkenyl” also embraces radicals having “cis” and “trans” configurations, or alternatively, “E” and “Z” configurations, as appreciated by those of ordinary skill in the art. In one embodiment, the alkenyl group has, for example, from two to twenty-four carbon atoms (C2-C24 alkenyl) , four to twenty carbon atoms (C4-C20 alkenyl) , six to sixteen carbon atoms (C6-C16 alkenyl) , six to nine carbon atoms (C6-C9 alkenyl) , two to fifteen carbon atoms (C2-C15 alkenyl) , two to twelve carbon atoms (C2-C12 alkenyl) , two to eight carbon atoms (C2-C8 alkenyl) or two to six carbon atoms (C2-C6 alkenyl) and which is attached to the rest of the molecule by a single bond. Examples of alkenyl groups include, but are not limited to, ethenyl, prop-1-enyl, but-1-enyl, pent-1-enyl, penta-1, 4-dienyl, and the like. Unless otherwise specified, an alkenyl group is optionally substituted.
[0018] As used herein, and unless otherwise specified, the term “alkynyl” refers to a straight or branched hydrocarbon chain radical consisting solely of carbon and hydrogen atoms, which contains one or more carbon-carbon triple bonds. In one embodiment, the alkynyl group has, for example, from two to twenty-four carbon atoms (C2-C24 alkynyl) , four to twenty carbon atoms (C4-C20 alkynyl) , six to sixteen carbon atoms (C6-C16 alkynyl) , six to nine carbon atoms (C6-C9 alkynyl) , two to fifteen carbon atoms (C2-C15 alkynyl) , two to twelve carbon atoms (C2-C12 alkynyl) , two to eight carbon atoms (C2-C8 alkynyl) or two to six carbon atoms (C2-C6 alkynyl) and which is attached to the rest of the molecule by a single bond. Examples of alkynyl groups include, but are not limited to, ethynyl, propynyl, butynyl, pentynyl, and the like. Unless otherwise specified, an alkynyl group is optionally substituted.
[0019] As used herein, and unless otherwise specified, the term “cycloalkyl” refers to a non-aromatic monocyclic or polycyclic hydrocarbon radical consisting solely of carbon and hydrogen atoms, and which is saturated. Cycloalkyl group may include fused, bridged, or spiro ring systems. In one embodiment, the cycloalkyl has, for example, from 3 to 15 ring carbon atoms (C3-C15 cycloalkyl) , from 3 to 10 ring carbon atoms (C3-C10 cycloalkyl) , or from 3 to 8 ring carbon atoms (C3-C8 cycloalkyl) . The cycloalkyl is attached to the rest of the molecule by a single bond. Examples of monocyclic cycloalkyl radicals include, but are not limited to, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, and cyclooctyl. Examples of polycyclic cycloalkyl radicals include, but are not limited to, adamantyl, norbornyl, decalinyl, 7, 7-dimethyl-bicyclo [2.2.1] heptanyl, and the like. Unless otherwise specified, a cycloalkyl group is optionally substituted.
[0020] As used herein, and unless otherwise specified, the term “cycloalkenyl” refers to a non-aromatic monocyclic or polycyclic hydrocarbon radical consisting solely of carbon and hydrogen atoms, and which includes one or more carbon-carbon double bonds. Cycloalkenyl may include fused, bridged, or spiro ring systems. In one embodiment, the cycloalkenyl has, for example, from 3 to 15 ring carbon atoms (C3-C15 cycloalkenyl) , from 3 to 10 ring carbon atoms (C3-C10 cycloalkenyl) , or from 3 to 8 ring carbon atoms (C3-C8 cycloalkenyl) . The cycloalkenyl is attached to the rest of the molecule by a single bond. Examples of monocyclic cycloalkenyl radicals include, but are not limited to, cyclopropenyl, cyclobutenyl, cyclopentenyl, cyclohexenyl, cycloheptenyl, cyclooctenyl, and the like. Unless otherwise specified, a cycloalkenyl group is optionally substituted. Similarly, as used herein, and unless otherwise specified, the term “cycloalkynyl” refers to a non-aromatic monocyclic or polycyclic hydrocarbon radical consisting solely of carbon and hydrogen atoms, and which includes one or more carbon-carbon triple bonds.
[0021] As used herein, and unless otherwise specified, the term “heteroalkyl” refers to an alkyl radical that has one or more skeletal chain atoms selected from an atom other than carbon, e.g., oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, and phosphorus, or combinations thereof. A numerical range can be given to refer to the chain length in total. For example, a -CH2OCH2CH3 radical is referred to as a “C4” heteroalkyl. Connection to the parent molecular structure can be through either a heteroatom or a carbon in the heteroalkyl chain. One or more heteroatom (s) in the heteroalkyl radical can be optionally oxidized. One or more nitrogen atoms, if present, can also be optionally quaternized. In some embodiment, a heteroalkyl is a haloalkyl. In some embodiment, a heteroalkyl is an alkoxy. Unless otherwise specified, a heteroalkyl group is optionally substituted.
[0022] As used herein, and unless otherwise specified, the term “aryl” refers to a monocyclic aromatic group and / or multicyclic aromatic group that contain at least one aromatic hydrocarbon ring. In certain embodiments, the aryl has from 6 to 18 ring carbon atoms (C6-C18 aryl) , from 6 to 14 ring carbon atoms (C6-C14 aryl) , or from 6 to 10 ring carbon atoms (C6-C10 aryl) . Examples of aryl groups include, but are not limited to, phenyl, naphthyl, fluorenyl, azulenyl, anthryl, phenanthryl, pyrenyl, biphenyl, and terphenyl. The term “aryl” also refers to bicyclic, tricyclic, or other multicyclic hydrocarbon rings, where at least one of the rings is aromatic and the others of which may be saturated, partially unsaturated, or aromatic, for example, dihydronaphthyl, indenyl, indanyl, or tetrahydronaphthyl (tetralinyl) . Unless otherwise specified, an aryl group is optionally substituted.
[0023] As used herein, and unless otherwise specified, the term “heteroaryl” refers to a monocyclic aromatic group and / or multicyclic aromatic group that contains at least one aromatic ring, wherein at least one aromatic ring contains one or more (e.g., one, one or two, one to three, or one to four) heteroatoms independently selected from O, S, and N. The heteroaryl may be attached to the main structure at any heteroatom or carbon atom. In certain embodiments, the heteroaryl has from 5 to 20, from 5 to 15, or from 5 to 10 ring atoms. The term “heteroaryl” also refers to bicyclic, tricyclic, or other multicyclic rings, where at least one of the rings is aromatic and the others of which may be saturated, partially unsaturated, or aromatic, wherein at least one aromatic ring contains one or more heteroatoms independently selected from O, S, and N. Examples of monocyclic heteroaryl groups include, but are not limited to, pyrrolyl, pyrazolyl, pyrazolinyl, imidazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, thiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, isothiazolyl, furanyl, thienyl, oxadiazolyl, pyridyl, pyrazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyridazinyl, and triazinyl. Examples of bicyclic heteroaryl groups include, but are not limited to, indolyl, benzothiazolyl, benzoxazolyl, benzothienyl, quinolinyl, tetrahydroisoquinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, benzimidazolyl, benzopyranyl, indolizinyl, benzofuranyl, isobenzofuranyl, chromonyl, coumarinyl, cinnolinyl, quinoxalinyl, indazolyl, purinyl, pyrrolopyridinyl, furopyridinyl, thienopyridinyl, dihydroisoindolyl, tetrahydroquinolinyl, pyrazolopyridinyl, pyrazolopyrazinyl, pyrazolopyrimidinyl, pyrazolopyridazinyl, imidazopyridazinyl, imidazopyrimidinyl, and imidazopyrazinyl. Examples of tricyclic heteroaryl groups include, but are not limited to, carbazolyl, benzindolyl, phenanthrollinyl, acridinyl, phenanthridinyl, and xanthenyl. Unless otherwise specified, a heteroaryl group is optionally substituted.
[0024] As used herein, and unless otherwise specified, the term “heterocyclyl” refers to a monocyclic and / or multicyclic non-aromatic group that contains one or more (e.g., one, one or two, one to three, or one to four) heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorous, and sulfur. The heterocyclyl may be attached to the main structure at any heteroatom or carbon atom. A heterocyclyl group can be a monocyclic, bicyclic, tricyclic, tetracyclic, or other multicyclic ring system, wherein the multicyclic ring systems can be a fused, bridged or spiro ring system. Heterocyclyl multicyclic ring systems can include one or more heteroatoms in one or more rings. A heterocyclyl group can be saturated or partially unsaturated. Saturated heterocycloalkyl groups can be termed “heterocycloalkyl” . Partially unsaturated heterocycloalkyl groups can be termed “heterocycloalkenyl” if the heterocyclyl contains at least one double bond, or “heterocycloalkynyl” if the heterocyclyl contains at least one triple bond. In one embodiment, the heterocyclyl has, for example, 3 to 18 ring atoms (3-to 18-membered heterocyclyl) , 4 to 18 ring atoms (4-to 18-membered heterocyclyl) , 5 to 18 ring atoms (5-to 18-membered heterocyclyl) , 4 to 8 ring atoms (4-to 8-membered heterocyclyl) , or 5 to 8 ring atoms (5-to 8-membered heterocyclyl) . Examples of heterocyclyl groups include, but are not limited to, imidazolidinyl, oxazolidinyl, thiazolidinyl, pyrazolidinyl, isoxazolidinyl, isothiazolidinyl, morpholinyl, pyrrolidinyl, tetrahydrofuryl, and piperidinyl. Unless otherwise specified, a heterocyclyl group is optionally substituted.
[0025] Whenever it appears herein, a numerical range such as “3 to 18” refers to each integer in the given range; e.g., a heterocyclyl with “3 to 18 ring atoms” means that the heterocyclyl group can consist of 3 ring atoms, 4 ring atoms, 5 ring atoms, 6 ring atoms, 7 ring atoms, 8 ring atoms, 9 ring atoms, 10 ring atoms, etc., up to and including 18 ring atoms. Similarly, a C1-C6 alkyl means that the alkyl group can consist of 1 carbon atom, 2 carbon atoms, 3 carbon atoms, 4 carbon atoms, 5 carbon atoms, and 6 carbon atoms.
[0026] As used herein and unless otherwise specified, a “cycloalkylalkyl” group is a radical of the formula: -alkyl-cycloalkyl, wherein alkyl and cycloalkyl are defined above. Substituted cycloalkylalkyl groups may be substituted at the alkyl, the cycloalkyl, or both the alkyl and the cycloalkyl portions of the group. Representative cycloalkylalkyl groups include but are not limited to cyclopropylmethyl, cyclobutylmethyl, cyclopentylmethyl, cyclohexylmethyl, cyclopropylethyl, cyclobutylethyl, cyclopentylethyl, cyclohexylethyl, cyclopentylpropyl, cyclohexylpropyl and the like.
[0027] As used herein and unless otherwise specified, an “aralkyl” group is a radical of the formula: -alkyl-aryl, wherein alkyl and aryl are defined above. Substituted aralkyl groups may be substituted at the alkyl, the aryl, or both the alkyl and the aryl portions of the group. Representative aralkyl groups include but are not limited to benzyl and phenethyl groups and aralkyl groups wherein the aryl group is fused to a cycloalkyl group such as indan-4-yl ethyl.
[0028] As used herein and unless otherwise specified, other similar composite terms mirror the above description for “cycloalkylalkyl” and “aralkyl” . For example, a “heterocyclylalkyl” group is a radical of the formula: -alkyl-heterocyclyl, wherein alkyl and heterocyclyl are defined above. A “heteroarylalkyl” group is a radical of the formula: -alkyl-heteroaryl, wherein alkyl and heteroaryl are defined above. A “heterocycloalkylalkyl” group is a radical of the formula: -alkyl-heterocycloalkyl, wherein alkyl and heterocycloalkyl are defined above.
[0029] As used herein, and unless otherwise specified, the term “halogen” , “halide” or “halo” refers to fluorine, chlorine, bromine, and / or iodine. As used herein, and unless otherwise specified, the terms “haloalkyl, ” “haloalkenyl, ” “haloalkynyl, ” and “haloalkoxy” refer to alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, and alkoxy structures that are substituted with one or more halo groups or with combinations thereof.
[0030] As used herein, and unless otherwise specified, the term “alkoxy” refers to -O- (alkyl) , wherein alkyl is defined above. As used herein, and unless otherwise specified, the term “aryloxy” refers to -O- (aryl) , wherein aryl is defined above.
[0031] As used herein, and unless otherwise specified, the term “alkyl sulfonyl” refers to –SO2-alkyl, wherein alkyl is defined above.
[0032] As used herein, and unless otherwise specified, the term “carboxyl” and “carboxy” refers to -COOH.
[0033] As used herein, and unless otherwise specified, the term “alkoxycarbonyl” refers to -C (=O) O- (alkyl) , wherein alkyl is defined above. As used herein, and unless otherwise specified, the term “arylalkyloxy” refers to -O- (alkyl) - (aryl) , wherein alkyl and aryl are defined above. As used herein, and unless otherwise specified, the term “cycloalkyloxy” refers to -O- (cycloalkyl) , wherein cycloalkyl is defined above. As used herein, and unless otherwise specified, the term “cycloalkylalkyloxy” refers to -O- (alkyl) - (cycloalkyl) , wherein cycloalkyl and alkyl are defined above.
[0034] As used herein, and unless otherwise specified, the term “acyl” refers to –C (O) -Raa, wherein Raa can be, but is not limited to, hydrogen, alkyl, heteroalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, cycloalkyl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, each of which is defined above. In certain embodiments, Raa may be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents.
[0035] As used herein, and unless otherwise specified, the term “acyloxy” refers to –O-C (O) -Raa, wherein Raa can be, but is not limited to, hydrogen, alkyl, heteroalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, cycloalkyl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, each of which is defined above. In certain embodiments, Raa may be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents.
[0036] As used herein, and unless otherwise specified, the term “amino” refers to –N (R#) (R#) , wherein each R#independently can be, but is not limited to, hydrogen, alkyl, heteroalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, cycloalkyl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, each of which is defined above. When a -N (R#) (R#) group has two R#other than hydrogen, they can be combined with the nitrogen atom to form a ring. In one embodiment, the ring is a 3-, 4-, 5-, 6-, 7-, or 8-membered ring. In one embodiment, one or more ring atoms are heteroatoms independently selected from O, S, or N. The term “amino” also includes N-oxide (–N+ (R#) (R#) O-) . In certain embodiments, each R#or the ring formed by -N (R#) (R#) independently may be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents.
[0037] As used herein, and unless otherwise specified, the term “amide” or “amido” refers to –C (O) N (R#) 2 or –NR#C (O) R#, wherein each R#independently can be, but is not limited to, hydrogen, alkyl, heteroalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, cycloalkyl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, each of which is defined above. When a –C (O) N (R#) 2 group has two R#other than hydrogen, they can be combined with the nitrogen atom to form a ring. In one embodiment, the ring is a 3-, 4-, 5-, 6-, 7-, or 8-membered ring. In one embodiment, one or more ring atoms are heteroatoms independently selected from O, S, or N. In certain embodiments, each R#or the ring formed by -N (R#) (R#) independently may be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents.
[0038] As used herein, and unless otherwise specified, the term “aminoalkyl” refers to - (alkyl) - (amino) , wherein alkyl and amino are defined above. As used herein, and unless otherwise specified, the term “aminoalkoxy” refers to -O- (alkyl) - (amino) , wherein alkyl and amino are defined above.
[0039] As used herein, and unless otherwise specified, the term “alkylamino” refers to -NH (alkyl) or -N (alkyl) (alkyl) , wherein alkyl is defined above. Examples of such alkylamino groups include, but are not limited to, -NHCH3, -NHCH2CH3, -NH (CH2) 2CH3, -NH (CH2) 3CH3, -NH (CH2) 4CH3, -NH (CH2) 5CH3, -N (CH3) 2, -N (CH2CH3) 2, -N ( (CH2) 2CH3) 2, -N (CH3) (CH2CH3) , and the like.
[0040] As used herein, and unless otherwise specified, the term “arylamino” refers to -NH (aryl) or -N (aryl) (aryl) , wherein aryl is defined above. As used herein, and unless otherwise specified, similar composite terms such as “arylalkylamino” and “cycloalkylamino” mirrors the descriptions above for “alkylamino” and “arylamino” .
[0041] As used herein, and unless otherwise specified, the term “sulfanyl” , “sulfide” , or “thio” refers to -S-Raa, wherein Raa can be, but is not limited to, alkyl, heteroalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, cycloalkyl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, each of which is defined above. In certain embodiments, Raa may be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents.
[0042] As used herein, and unless otherwise specified, the term “sulfoxide” refers to –S (O) -Raa, wherein Raa can be, but is not limited to, alkyl, heteroalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, cycloalkyl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, each of which is defined above. In certain embodiments, Raa may be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents.
[0043] As used herein, and unless otherwise specified, the term “sulfonyl” or “sulfone” refers to –S (O) 2-Raa, wherein Raa can be, but is not limited to, alkyl, heteroalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, cycloalkyl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, each of which is defined above. In certain embodiments, Raa may be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents.
[0044] As used herein, and unless otherwise specified, the term “sulfonamido” or “sulfonamide” refers to –S (=O) 2–N (R#) 2 or –N (R#) –S (=O) 2–R#, wherein each R#independently can be, but is not limited to, hydrogen, alkyl, heteroalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, cycloalkyl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, each of which is defined above. When a –S (=O) 2–N (R#) 2 group has two R#other than hydrogen, they can be combined with the nitrogen atom to form a ring. In one embodiment, the ring is a 3-, 4-, 5-, 6-, 7-, or 8-membered ring. In one embodiment, one or more ring atoms are heteroatoms independently selected from O, S, or N. In certain embodiments, each R#or the ring formed by -N (R#) (R#) independently may be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents.
[0045] “Azide” refers to a –N3 radical. “Cyano” refers to a –CN radical. “Nitro” refers to the –NO2 radical. “Oxa” refers to the –O–radical. “Oxo” refers to the =O radical.
[0046] As used herein, and unless otherwise specified, the term “optional” or “optionally” (e.g., optionally substituted) means that the subsequently described event of circumstances may or may not occur, and that the description includes instances where said event or circumstance occurs and instances in which it does not. For example, “optionally substituted alkyl” means that the alkyl radical may or may not be substituted and that the description includes both substituted alkyl radicals and alkyl radicals having no substitution.
[0047] When the groups described herein are said to be “substituted, ” they may be substituted with any appropriate substituent or substituents. Illustrative examples of substituents include, but are not limited to, those found in the exemplary compounds and embodiments provided herein, as well as halogen (chloro, iodo, bromo, or fluoro) ; alkyl; alkenyl; alkynyl; hydroxyl; alkoxy; alkoxyalkyl; amino; alkylamino; carboxy; nitro; cyano; thiol; thioether; imine; imide; amidine; guanidine; enamine; aminocarbonyl; acylamino; phosphonate; phosphine; thiocarbonyl; sulfinyl; sulfone; sulfonamide; ketone; aldehyde; ester; urea; urethane; oxime; hydroxyl amine; alkoxyamine; aryloxyamine, aralkoxyamine; N-oxide; hydrazine; hydrazide; hydrazone; azide; isocyanate; isothiocyanate; cyanate; thiocyanate; oxo (═O) ; B (OH) 2, O (alkyl) aminocarbonyl; cycloalkyl, which may be monocyclic or fused or non-fused polycyclic (e.g., cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, or cyclohexyl) , or a heterocyclyl, which may be monocyclic or fused or non-fused polycyclic (e.g., pyrrolidyl, piperidyl, piperazinyl, morpholinyl, or thiazinyl) ; monocyclic or fused or non-fused polycyclic aryl or heteroaryl (e.g., phenyl, naphthyl, pyrrolyl, indolyl, furanyl, thiophenyl, imidazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, thiazolyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl, pyrazolyl, pyridinyl, quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, acridinyl, pyrazinyl, pyridazinyl, pyrimidinyl, benzimidazolyl, benzothiophenyl, or benzofuranyl) aryloxy; aralkyloxy; heterocyclyloxy; and heterocyclyl alkoxy.
[0048] As used herein, and unless otherwise specified, the term “isomer” refers to different compounds that have the same molecular formula. “Stereoisomers” are isomers that differ only in the way the atoms are arranged in space. “Atropisomers” are stereoisomers from hindered rotation about single bonds. “Enantiomers” are a pair of stereoisomers that are non-superimposable mirror images of each other. A mixture of a pair of enantiomers in any proportion can be known as a “racemic” mixture. “Diastereoisomers” are stereoisomers that have at least two asymmetric atoms, but which are not mirror-images of each other. The absolute stereochemistry can be specified according to the Cahn-Ingold-Prelog R-Ssystem. When a compound is an enantiomer, the stereochemistry at each chiral carbon can be specified by either R or S. Resolved compounds whose absolute configuration is unknown can be designated (+) or (-) depending on the direction (dextro-or levorotatory) which they rotate plane polarized light at the wavelength of the sodium D line. However, the sign of optical rotation, (+) and (-) , is not related to the absolute configuration of the molecule, R and S. Certain compounds described herein contain one or more asymmetric centers and can thus give rise to enantiomers, diastereomers, and other stereoisomeric forms that can be defined, in terms of absolute stereochemistry at each asymmetric atom, as (R) -or (S) -. The present chemical entities, pharmaceutical compositions and methods are meant to include all such possible isomers, including racemic mixtures, optically substantially pure forms and intermediate mixtures. Optically active (R) -and (S) -isomers can be prepared, for example, using chiral synthons or chiral reagents, or resolved using conventional techniques.
[0049] “Stereoisomers” can also include E and Z isomers, or a mixture thereof, and cis and trans isomers or a mixture thereof. In certain embodiments, a compound described herein is isolated as either the E or Z isomer. In other embodiments, a compound described herein is a mixture of the E and Z isomers.
[0050] It is to be understood that the compounds provided herein may contain chiral centers. Such chiral centers may be of either the (R) or (S) configuration, or may be a mixture thereof. It is to be understood that the chiral centers of the compounds provided herein may undergo epimerization in vivo. Optically active (+) and (-) , (R) -and (S) -, or (D) -and (L) -isomers may be prepared using chiral synthons or chiral reagents, or resolved using conventional techniques, such as chromatography on a chiral stationary phase.
[0051] As used herein, and unless otherwise specified, the term “enantiomeric purity” or “enantiomer purity” refers to a qualitative or quantitative measure of a purified enantiomer. The enantiomeric purity of compounds described herein may be described in terms of enantiomeric excess (ee) , which indicates the degree to which a sample contains one enantiomer in greater amounts than the other. A racemic mixture has an ee of 0%, while a single completely pure enantiomer has an ee of 100%. Examples of the enantiomeric purity include an ee of at least about 10%, at least about 12%, at least about 14%, at least about 16%, at least about 18%, at least about 20%, at least about 22%, at least about 24%, at least about 26%, at least about 28%, at least about 30%, at least about 32%, at least about 34%, at least about 36%, at least about 38%, at least about 40%, at least about 42%, at least about 44%, at least about 46%, at least about 48%, at least about 50%, at least about 52%, at least about 54%, at least about 56%, at least about 58%, at least about 60%, at least about 62%, at least about 64%, at least about 66%, at least about 68%, at least about 70%, at least about 72%, at least about 74%, at least about 76%, at least about 78%, at least about 80%, at least about 81%, at least about 82%, at least about 83%, at least about 84%, at least about 85%, at least about 86%, at least about 87%, at least about 88%, at least about 89%, at least about 90%, at least about 91%, at least about 92%, at least about 93%, at least about 94%, at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, at least about or at least about 99%. Similarly, “diastereomeric purity” may be described in terms of diasteriomeric excess (de) , which indicates the degree to which a sample contains one diastereoisomers in greater amounts than the other (s) .
[0052] It should also be noted a compound described herein can contain unnatural proportions of atomic isotopes at one or more of the atoms. For example, the compounds may be radiolabeled with radioactive isotopes, such as for example tritium (3H) , iodine-125 (125I) , sulfur-35 (35S) , or carbon-14 (14C) , or may be isotopically enriched, such as with deuterium (2H) , carbon-13 (13C) , or nitrogen-15 (15N) . As used herein, an “isotopolog” is an isotopically enriched compound. The term “isotopically enriched” refers to an atom having an isotopic composition other than the natural isotopic composition of that atom. “Isotopically enriched” may also refer to a compound containing at least one atom having an isotopic composition other than the natural isotopic composition of that atom. The term “isotopic composition” refers to the amount of each isotope present for a given atom. Radiolabeled and isotopically enriched compounds are useful as therapeutic agents, e.g., cancer therapeutic agents, research reagents, e.g., binding assay reagents, and diagnostic agents, e.g., in vivo imaging agents. All isotopic variations of a compound described herein, whether radioactive or not, are intended to be encompassed within the scope of the embodiments provided herein. In some embodiments, there are provided isotopologs of a compound described herein, for example, the isotopologs are deuterium, carbon-13, and / or nitrogen-15 enriched. As used herein, “deuterated” , means a compound wherein at least one hydrogen (H) has been replaced by deuterium (indicated by D or 2H) , that is, the compound is enriched in deuterium in at least one position.
[0053] The compounds provided herein may be enantiomerically pure or be stereoisomeric or diastereomeric mixtures. As used herein and unless otherwise indicated, the term “stereoisomerically pure” means a composition that comprises one stereoisomer of a compound and is substantially free of other stereoisomers of that compound. For example, a stereoisomerically pure composition of a compound having one chiral center will be substantially free of the opposite enantiomer of the compound. A stereoisomerically pure composition of a compound having two chiral centers will be substantially free of other diastereomers of the compound. A typical stereoisomerically pure compound comprises greater than about 80%by weight of one stereoisomer of the compound and less than about 20%by weight of other stereoisomers of the compound, more preferably greater than about 90%by weight of one stereoisomer of the compound and less than about 10%by weight of the other stereoisomers of the compound, even more preferably greater than about 95%by weight of one stereoisomer of the compound and less than about 5%by weight of the other stereoisomers of the compound, and most preferably greater than about 97%by weight of one stereoisomer of the compound and less than about 3%by weight of the other stereoisomers of the compound. As used herein and unless otherwise indicated, the term “stereoisomerically enriched” means a composition that comprises greater than about 60%by weight of one stereoisomer of a compound, preferably greater than about 70%by weight, greater than about 80%by weight, or greater than 90%by weight of one stereoisomer of a compound.
[0054] As used herein, and unless otherwise specified, the term “tautomer” or “tautomeric form” refers to isomeric forms of a compound that are in equilibrium with each other. In one embodiment, a tautomer is formed by the migration of a proton from one atom of a molecule to another atom of the same molecule (known as proton tautomers, such as keto-enol tautomerization or imine-enamine tautomerization) . The concentrations of the isomeric forms will depend on the environment the compound is found in and may be different depending upon, for example, whether the compound is a solid or is in an organic or aqueous solution. For example, in aqueous solution, pyrazoles may exhibit the following isomeric forms, which are referred to as tautomers of each other: All tautomers of the compounds described herein are within the scope of the present application.
[0055] The term “pharmaceutically acceptable salt” refers to a derivative of a compound wherein the parent compound is modified by making acid or base salts thereof. Examples of pharmaceutically acceptable salts include, but are not limited to, mineral or organic acid salts of basic residues such as amines, alkali or organic salts of acidic residues such as carboxylic acids, and the like. The pharmaceutically acceptable salts include the conventional non-toxic salts or the quaternary ammonium salts of the parent compound formed, for example, from non-toxic inorganic or organic acids. For example, such non-toxic salts include, but are not limited to, those derived from inorganic and organic acids selected from 2-acetoxybenzoic, 2-hydroxyethane sulfonic, acetic, ascorbic, benzene sulfonic, benzoic, bicarbonic, carbonic, citric, edetic, ethane disulfonic, 1, 2-ethane sulfonic, fumaric, glucoheptonic, gluconic, glutamic, glycolic, glycollyarsanilic, hexylresorcinic, hydrabamic, hydrobromic, hydrochloric, hydroiodic, hydroxymaleic, hydroxynaphthoic, isethionic, lactic, lactobionic, lauryl sulfonic, maleic, malic, mandelic, methane sulfonic, napsylic, nitric, oxalic, pamoic, pantothenic, phenylacetic, phosphoric, polygalacturonic, propionic, salicylic, stearic, subacetic, succinic, sulfamic, sulfanilic, sulfuric, tannic, tartaric, toluene sulfonic, and the commonly occurring amine acids, e.g., glycine, alanine, phenylalanine, arginine, etc. Pharmaceutically acceptable salt also encompasses salt derived from organic bases include, but are not limited to, salts of primary, secondary, and tertiary amines, substituted amines including naturally occurring substituted amines, cyclic amines and basic ion exchange resins, such as ammonia, isopropylamine, trimethylamine, diethylamine, triethylamine, tripropylamine, diethanolamine, ethanolamine, deanol, 2-dimethylaminoethanol, 2-diethylaminoethanol, dicyclohexylamine, lysine, arginine, histidine, caffeine, procaine, hydrabamine, choline, betaine, benethamine, benzathine, ethylenediamine, glucosamine, methylglucamine, theobromine, triethanolamine, tromethamine, purines, piperazine, piperidine, N-ethylpiperidine, polyamine resins and the like. Pharmaceutically acceptable salt also encompasses salts formed when an acidic proton present in the parent compound either is replaced by a metal ion, e.g., an alkali metal ion, an alkaline earth ion, or an aluminum ion; or coordinates with an organic base such as ethanolamine, diethanolamine, triethanolamine, and the like. In the salt form, the ratio of the compound to the cation or anion of the salt can be 1: 1, or any ratio other than 1: 1, e.g., 3: 1, 2: 1, 1: 2, or 1: 3.
[0056] As used herein, and unless otherwise specified, the term “subject” refers to an animal, including, but not limited to, a primate (e.g., human) , cow, sheep, goat, horse, dog, cat, rabbit, rat, or mouse. The terms “subject” and “patient” are used interchangeably herein in reference, for example, to a mammalian subject, such as a human subject. In one embodiment, the subject is a mammal. In one embodiment, the subject is a human.
[0057] As used herein, and unless otherwise specified, the terms “treat, ” “treating, ” and “treatment” refer to the eradication or amelioration of a disease or disorder, or of one or more symptoms associated with the disease or disorder. In general, treatment occurs after the onset of the disease or disorder. In certain embodiments, the terms refer to minimizing the spread or worsening of the disease or disorder resulting from the administration of one or more prophylactic or therapeutic agents to a subject with such a disease or disorder.
[0058] As used herein, and unless otherwise specified, the terms “manage, ” “managing, ” and “management” refer to preventing or slowing the progression, spread or worsening of a disease or disorder, or of one or more symptoms thereof. Sometimes, the beneficial effects that a subject derives from a prophylactic or therapeutic agent do not result in a cure of the disease or disorder.
[0059] The term “therapeutic agent” refers to any agent that can be used in treating, preventing, or alleviating a disease, disorder, or condition, including in the treatment, prevention, or alleviation of one or more symptoms of a disease, disorder, or condition and / or a symptom related thereto. The term “therapeutically effective amount” refers to an amount of a therapeutic agent sufficient to mediate a clinically relevant elimination, reduction, or amelioration of such symptoms. An effect is clinically relevant if its magnitude is sufficient to impact the health or prognosis of a recipient subject. A “therapeutically effective amount” may vary according to factors such as the disease state, age, sex, and weight of the individual, and the ability of the substance / molecule / agent to elicit a desired response in the individual. A therapeutically effective amount encompasses an amount in which any toxic or detrimental effects of the substance / molecule / agent are outweighed by the therapeutically beneficial effects.
[0060] As used herein, and unless otherwise specified, the term “IC50” refers an amount, concentration, or dosage of a compound that is required for 50%inhibition of a maximal response in an assay that measures such response.
[0061] As used herein, and unless otherwise specified, the term “pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, ” “pharmaceutically acceptable excipient, ” “physiologically acceptable carrier, ” or “physiologically acceptable excipient” refers to a pharmaceutically-acceptable material, composition, or vehicle, such as a liquid or solid filler, diluent, excipient, solvent, or encapsulating material. In one embodiment, each component is “pharmaceutically acceptable” in the sense of being compatible with the other ingredients of a pharmaceutical formulation, and suitable for use in contact with the tissue or organ of humans and animals without excessive toxicity, irritation, allergic response, immunogenicity, or other problems or complications, commensurate with a reasonable benefit / risk ratio. See, Remington: The Science and Practice of Pharmacy, 21st Edition, Lippincott Williams &Wilkins: Philadelphia, PA, 2005; Handbook of Pharmaceutical Excipients, 5th Edition, Rowe et al., Eds., The Pharmaceutical Press and the American Pharmaceutical Association: 2005; and Handbook of Pharmaceutical Additives, 3rd Edition, Ash and Ash Eds., Gower Publishing Company: 2007; Pharmaceutical Preformulation and Formulation, Gibson Ed., CRC Press LLC: Boca Raton, FL, 2004.
[0062] As used herein, the term “synthetic lethality” refers to a phenomenon, such that deletion of a single gene shows no or low lethality to a cell or organism but deletion of a plurality of genes shows lethality or significantly high lethality. In particular, the term “synthetic lethality” used herein refers to lethality to cancer cells. As a non-limiting example, a reduction of the production, level, activity, expression, or presence of WRN protein via use of a WRN inhibitor is an example of a synthetic lethality in microsatellite unstable cancer cells.
[0063] As used herein, the term “WRN” refers to Werner syndrome ATP-dependent helicase, a member of the RecQ subfamily of DNA helicase proteins involved in DNA replication, DNA damage repair, and telomere maintenance. WRN protein contains a N-terminal 3' to 5' exonuclease domain, an ATP-dependent helicase domain and RQC (RecQ helicase conserved region) domain in its central region, and a C-terminal HRDC (helicase RNase D C-terminal) domain and nuclear localization signal. WRN is encoded by the WRN gene. Defects in this gene are the cause of Werner syndrome, an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by accelerated aging and an elevated risk for certain cancers. As used herein, the term “WRN inhibitor” refers to any compound that reduces the level and / or activity of WRN. The term “WRN” encompasses mutants, fragments, variants, isoforms, and homologs of full-length wild-type WRN, such as proteins having at least 80%to the amino acid sequence of wild-type WRN amino acid sequence. In one embodiment, the protein is encoded by the WRN gene (Entrez gene ID 7486; Ensembl ID ENSG00000165392) . Exemplary WRN sequences are available at the Uniprot database under accession number Q14191. As used herein, “disease or disorder mediated by WRN” includes cancer, which may be treated by WRN inhibition, particularly cancers characterized as microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H) or mismatch repair deficient (dMMR) .
[0064] As used herein, the term “microsatellite” refers to short, repeated sequence of DNA. The smallest nucleotide repeated unit of a microsatellite is referred to as the “repeated unit” or “repeat unit. ” In some embodiments, the stability of a microsatellite locus is evaluated by comparing some metric of the distribution of the number of repeated units at a microsatellite locus to a reference number or distribution.
[0065] The terms “microsatellite unstable cancer” , “microsatellite instability-high cancer” , “microsatellite high cancer” , “MSI-high cancer” , ‘MSIhi’ , and ‘MSI-H’ are used interchangeably and refer to cancers having a high number of alterations in the length of simple repetitive genomic sequences within microsatellites. Among other phenotypes, MSI causes changes in the size of microsatellite loci (e.g., a change in the number of repeated units at microsatellite loci) during DNA replication. The determination of MSI-H tumor status for patients can be performed using, e.g., polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests for MSI-H status. Microsatellite instability can be found in colorectal cancer, gastric cancer and endometrial cancer in particular, but also in adrenocortical, uterine, cervical, esophageal, breast, kidney, prostate and ovarian cancers. Other examples of microsatellite high cancers include uterine corpus endometrial carcinoma, colon adenocarcinoma, stomach adenocarcinoma, rectal adenocarcinoma, adrenocortical carcinoma, uterine carcinosarcoma, cervical squamous cell carcinoma, endocervical adenocarcinoma, esophageal carcinoma, breast carcinoma, kidney renal clear cell carcinoma and ovarian serous cystadenocarcinoma. A cancer that has “defective mismatch repair” (dMMR) or “dMMR character” includes cancer types associated with documented MLH1, PMS2, MSH2, MSH3, MSH6, MLH3, and PMS1 mutations or epigenetic silencing, microsatellite fragile sites, or other gene inactivation mechanisms, including but not limited to cancers of the lung, breast, kidney, large intestine, ovary, prostate, upper aerodigestive tract, stomach, endometrium, liver, pancreas, hematopoietic and lymphoid tissue, skin, thyroid, pleura, autonomic ganglia, central nervous system, soft tissue, pediatric rhabdoid sarcomas, melanomas and other cancers. A cell or cancer with “defective” mismatch repair has a significantly reduced (e.g., at least about 25%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%or 90%decrease) amount of mismatch repair.
[0066] As used herein, the term “hydrogen bond” refers to an interaction that occurs whenever a suitable donor atom bearing a proton (H) and a suitable acceptor atom. In some embodiments, a single acceptor atom can form a plurality of hydrogen bonds with a plurality of protons on suitable donor atoms. In some embodiments, a single proton on a donor atom can form hydrogen bonds with a plurality of suitable acceptor atoms. For example, the proton on a NH group may form a separate hydrogen bond with each of the two oxygen atoms in a carboxylate anion. Suitable donor and acceptor atoms are well understood in the art (G. C. Pimentel and A. L. McClellan, The Hydrogen Bond, Freeman, San Francisco, 1960; R. Taylor and O. Kennard, Hydrogen Bond Geometry in Organic Crystals, Accounts of Chemical Research, 17, pp. 320-326 (1984) ) .
[0067] As used herein, the term “hydrogen bond donor” refers to a chemical structure containing a suitable hydrogen bond donor atom bearing one or more protons. It refers to a group having a hydrogen atom capable of forming a hydrogen bond with acceptor atom in the same or an adjacent molecule. Non-limiting examples of donor atoms include NH, NH2, OH, and SH.
[0068] As used herein, the term “hydrogen bond acceptor” refers to a group or molecule comprising an electronegative atom such as a nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, fluorine, chlorine, and bromine. Without bound by the theory, the electronegative atom is susceptible to attract by means of electrostatic field a hydrogen atom nearby, thus forming a hydrogen bond with a hydrogen bond donor group. Non-limiting examples of hydrogen bond acceptors are groups comprising nitrogen or oxygen atoms with non-bonding doublets such as ether, ester, ketone and amide groups, or non-quaternized amine groups.
[0069] As used herein, and unless otherwise indicated, the term “about” or “approximately” refer to a value that is similar to a stated reference value. In certain embodiments, the term “approximately” or “about” refers to a range of values that fall within 25%, 20%, 19%, 18%, 17%, 16%, 15%, 14%, 13%, 12%, 11%, 10%, 9%, 8%, 7%, 6%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1%, or less in either direction (greater than or less than) of the stated reference value unless otherwise stated or otherwise evident from the context. For example, when used in the context of an amount of a lipid component of a nanoparticle composition, “about” may mean ±10%of the recited value. COMPOUNDS
[0070] In one embodiment, provided herein are certain compounds as WRN inhibitors. In one embodiment, the compounds have a fused tricyclic core structure. In one embodiment, the fused tricyclic core structure comprises one or more nitrogen atoms. In one embodiment, the compounds comprise one or more hydrogen bond acceptors. In one embodiment, the compounds comprise two hydrogen bond acceptors. In one embodiments, the two hydrogen bond acceptors are separated by two bonds, three bonds, four bonds, or five bonds.
[0071] In one embodiment, the compounds provided herein comprises one or more groups that can exist in the form of one or more tautomers. For example, a pyrazine ring substituted with a hydroxy may exist in the form of one or more tautomers, such as and For another example, a pyrazole ring substituted with a hydroxy may exist in the form of one or more tautomers, such as All tautomers of the compounds described herein are provided herein even if only the structure of one tautomer is shown.
[0072] In one embodiment, the compounds provided herein comprises one or more groups that can exist in non-zwitterionic form (s) and zwitterionic form (s) . For example, a pyrimidine group substituted with a hydroxy may exist in non-zwitterionic form and zwitterionic forms All zwitterions of the compounds described herein are provided herein even if only the structure of the non-zwitterionic form is shown, and vice versa.
[0073] In one embodiment, provided herein is a compound of Formula (I) : or a stereoisomer, a mixture of stereoisomers, tautomer, isotopologue, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein: M1, M2, M3, M4 and M7 are each independently C or N, as valency permits; M5 and M6 are each independently CR0, N, O, NR0, or S, as valency permits; T1 is N or CR4; Ring T is optionally substituted 5-to 7-membered ring; LA1 and LA2 are each independently absent, O, NR0’ , optionally substituted C1-3 alkylene, or optionally substituted C1-3 heteroalkylene; A is or Ring A; Ring A is 4-to 12-membered heterocyclylene, C3-8 cycloalkylene, C3-8 cycloalkenylene, or 5-to 12-membered heteroarylene, optionally substituted with one or more (e.g., 1, 2, or 3) Ra; each instance of Ra is independently deuterium, halogen, oxo, optionally substituted C1-4 alkyl, or optionally substituted 3-to 6-membered ring (e.g., C3-6 cycloalkyl) ; or two instances of Ra, together with the intervening atom (s) , form an optionally substituted 3-to 6-membered ring; Y is absent, -C (O) -, -S (O) -, -S (O) 2-, -S (O) (=NH) -, optionally substituted 5-to 6- membered heteroarylene, or optionally substituted 5-to 6-membered heterocyclylene; Ring B1 is 5-to 6-membered heteroaryl, optionally substituted with one or more (e.g., 1, 2, or 3) Rb, and Z1 is N (OH) , C (OH) , -C (=O) , N-O-, or C-O-; each instance of Rb is independently deuterium, halogen, OH, oxo, CN, amido, sulfonyl, sulfonamide, optionally substituted C1-4 alkyl, optionally substituted C1-4 heteroalkyl, optionally substituted 5-to 6-membered heteroaryl, or optionally substituted C3-6 cycloalkyl; or two adjacent Rb, together with the intervening atom (s) , form an optionally substituted 3-to 6-membered ring; X is -C (O) -or -S (O) 2-; LX is -NR0’ -or -CR0’ R0’ -; each instance of R0 is independently H, deuterium, or optionally substituted C1-4 alkyl; each instance of R0’ is independently H or optionally substituted C1-4 alkyl; or two instances of R0’ , together with the carbon atom they are attached to, form an optionally substituted 3-to 6-membered ring; R1 is optionally substituted C4-6 cycloalkenyl, optionally substituted 4-to 12- membered heterocyclyl, optionally substituted 5-to 12-membered heteroaryl, optionally substituted C6-10 aryl, optionally substituted C3-6 cycloalkyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkenyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkynyl, optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, optionally substituted C1-6 alkoxy, or optionally substituted amino; R2 is optionally substituted 5-to 12-membered heteroaryl, or optionally substituted C6-10 aryl; R4 is H, deuterium, halogen, or optionally substituted C1-4 alkyl.
[0074] In one embodiment, provided herein is a compound of Formula (I) : or a stereoisomer, a mixture of stereoisomers, tautomer, isotopologue, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein: M1, M2, M3, M4 and M7 are each independently C or N, as valency permits; M5 and M6 are each independently CR0, N, O, or NR0 (or S) , as valency permits; T1 is N or CR4; Ring T is optionally substituted 5-to 7-membered ring; LA1 and LA2 are each independently absent, O, NR0’ , optionally substituted C1-3 alkylene, or optionally substituted C1-3 heteroalkylene; A is or Ring A; Ring A is 4-to 12-membered heterocyclylene, C3-8 cycloalkylene, C3-8 cycloalkenylene, or 5-to 12-membered heteroarylene, optionally substituted with one or more (e.g., 1, 2, or 3) Ra; each instance of Ra is independently deuterium, halogen, oxo, optionally substituted C1-4 alkyl, or optionally substituted 3-to 6-membered ring (e.g., C3-6 cycloalkyl) ; or two instances of Ra, together with the intervening atom (s) , form an optionally substituted 3-to 6-membered ring; Y is absent, -C (O) -, -S (O) -, -S (O) 2-, -S (O) (=NH) -, optionally substituted 5-to 6- membered heteroarylene, or optionally substituted 5-to 6-membered heterocyclylene; Ring B1 is 5-to 6-membered heteroaryl, optionally substituted with one or more (e.g., 1, 2, or 3) Rb, and Z1 is N (OH) , C (OH) , -C (=O) , N-O-, or C-O-; each instance of Rb is independently deuterium, halogen, OH, oxo, CN, amido, sulfonyl, sulfonamide, optionally substituted C1-4 alkyl, optionally substituted C1-4 heteroalkyl, or optionally substituted 5-to 6-membered heteroaryl (or optionally substituted C3-6 cycloalkyl) ; or two adjacent Rb, together with the intervening atom (s) , form an optionally substituted 3-to 6-membered ring; X is -C (O) -or -S (O) 2-; LX is -NR0’ -or -CR0’ R0’ -; each instance of R0 is independently H, deuterium, or optionally substituted C1-4 alkyl; each instance of R0’ is independently H or optionally substituted C1-4 alkyl; or two instances of R0’ , together with the carbon atom they are attached to, form an optionally substituted 3-to 6-membered ring; R1 is optionally substituted C4-6 cycloalkenyl, optionally substituted 4-to 12- membered heterocyclyl, optionally substituted 5-to 12-membered heteroaryl, optionally substituted C6-10 aryl, optionally substituted C3-6 cycloalkyl, optionally substituted C2-4 alkenyl, or optionally substituted C2-4 alkynyl; R2 is optionally substituted 5-to 12-membered heteroaryl, or optionally substituted C6-10 aryl; and R4 is H, deuterium, halogen, or optionally substituted C1-4 alkyl.
[0075] In one embodiment, provided that, when M5 is not O, M6 is not O, M7 is C, LA1 is absent, A is optionally substituted heterocyclylene or optionally substituted carbocyclylene (e.g., cycloalkenylene) , LA2 is absent, Ring T is and Y is -C (O) -, -S (O) -, -S (O) 2-, or -S (O) (=NH) -, then Ring B1 is 5-membered heteroaryl, optionally substituted with one or more (e.g., 1, 2, or 3) Rb. In one embodiment, provided that, when M5 is not O, M6 is not O, M7 is C, LA1 is absent, A is optionally substituted heterocyclylene, LA2 is absent, Ring T is and Y is -C (O) -, -S (O) -, -S (O) 2-, or -S (O) (=NH) -, then Ring B1 is 5-membered heteroaryl, optionally substituted with one or more (e.g., 1, 2, or 3) Rb. In one embodiment, provided that, when A is optionally substituted Ring A, and Ring T is then Ring B1 is 5-membered heteroaryl, optionally substituted with one or more (e.g., 1, 2, or 3) Rb. In one embodiment, provided that, when Ring T is then Ring B1 is 5-membered heteroaryl, optionally substituted with one or more (e.g., 1, 2, or 3) Rb. In one embodiment, provided that, when Ring T is a 5-membered ring, then Ring B1 is 5-membered heteroaryl, optionally substituted with one or more (e.g., 1, 2, or 3) Rb.
[0076] In one embodiment, provided that, when is (or ) , then Ring B1 is 5-membered heteroaryl, optionally substituted with one or more (e.g., 1, 2, or 3) Rb. In one embodiment, provided that, when is (or ) , then Ring B1 is not optionally substituted or optionally substituted
[0077] In one embodiment, the compound has two hydrogen bond acceptors in groups A, Y, and B (e.g., Ring B1) . In one embodiment, the compound has one hydrogen bond acceptor in group Y and one hydrogen bond acceptor in group B. In one embodiment, the compound has one hydrogen bond acceptor in group A and one hydrogen bond acceptor in group B. In one embodiment, without being limited by a particular theory, the two hydrogen bond acceptors are spaced out in such a way (e.g., separated by two bonds, three bonds, four bonds, or five bonds) that the hydrogen bond acceptor in group Y or A can form a hydrogen bond with an amino acid (NH) of Werner syndrome helicase (WRN) , and the hydrogen bond acceptor in group B can form a hydrogen bond with another amino acid (NH) of WRN at the same time.
[0078] In one embodiment, the compound has one hydrogen bond acceptors in groups A, Y, and B (e.g., Ring B1) . In one embodiment, the compound has one hydrogen bond acceptor in group A. In one embodiment, the compound has one hydrogen bond acceptor in group Y. In one embodiment, the compound has one hydrogen bond acceptor in group B. In one embodiment, without being limited by a particular theory, the hydrogen bond acceptor in group Y or A can form a hydrogen bond with an amino acid (NH) of WRN. In one embodiment, without being limited by a particular theory, the hydrogen bond acceptor in group B can form a hydrogen bond with an amino acid (NH) of WRN.
[0079] In one embodiment, the hydrogen bond acceptor atom is an oxygen atom. In one embodiment, the oxygen atom is from a -OH group. In one embodiment, the oxygen atom is from an oxo (=O) group. In one embodiment, the oxygen atom is from an oxide group (O-) . In one embodiment, the oxygen atom is a ring oxygen atom (e.g., oxygen atom from a furan) . In one embodiment, the hydrogen bond acceptor atom is a nitrogen atom. In one embodiment, the nitrogen atom is from an amino group (e.g., a primary, secondary, or tertiary amino group) . In one embodiment, the nitrogen atom is from a cyano group (CN) . In one embodiment, the nitrogen atom is a ring nitrogen atom (e.g., NH or N atom from a tetrazole) . In one embodiment, the hydrogen bond acceptor atom is a fluorine atom.
[0080] In one embodiment, LA1 is absent. In one embodiment, LA1 is O. In one embodiment, LA1 is NH.
[0081] In one embodiment, LA1 is C1-3 alkylene. In one embodiment, LA1 is methylene. In one embodiment, LA1 is ethylene. In one embodiment, LA1 is C3 alkylene. In one embodiment, the alkylene (in LA1) is unsubstituted. In one embodiment, the alkylene (in LA1) is substituted.
[0082] In one embodiment, LA1 is C1-3 heteroalkylene. In one embodiment, LA1 is C1 heteroalkylene. In one embodiment, LA1 is C2 heteroalkylene. In one embodiment, LA1 is C3 heteroalkylene. In one embodiment, the heteroalkylene (in LA1) is haloalkylene. In one embodiment, the heteroalkylene is alkoxylene. In one embodiment, the heteroalkylene contains one or more heteroatoms independently selected from O, N, or S. In one embodiment, the heteroalkylene (in LA1) is unsubstituted. In one embodiment, the heteroalkylene (in LA1) is substituted.
[0083] In one embodiment, LA1 is N (C1-3 alkyl) . In one embodiment, LA1 is N (CH3) . In one embodiment, LA1 is N (CH2CH3) . In one embodiment, LA1 is N (C3 alkyl) . In one embodiment, the alkyl (in LA1) is unsubstituted. In one embodiment, the alkyl (in LA1) is substituted.
[0084] In one embodiment, LA2 is C1-3 alkylene. In one embodiment, LA2 is methylene. In one embodiment, LA2 is ethylene. In one embodiment, LA2 is C3 alkylene. In one embodiment, the alkylene (in LA2) is unsubstituted. In one embodiment, the alkylene (in LA2) is substituted.
[0085] In one embodiment, LA2 is C1-3 heteroalkylene. In one embodiment, LA2 is C1 heteroalkylene. In one embodiment, LA2 is C2 heteroalkylene. In one embodiment, LA2 is C3 heteroalkylene. In one embodiment, the heteroalkylene (in LA2) is haloalkylene. In one embodiment, the heteroalkylene is alkoxylene. In one embodiment, the heteroalkylene contains one or more heteroatoms independently selected from O, N, or S. In one embodiment, the heteroalkylene (in LA2) is unsubstituted. In one embodiment, the heteroalkylene (in LA2) is substituted.
[0086] In one embodiment, LA2 is N (C1-3 alkyl) . In one embodiment, LA2 is N (CH3) . In one embodiment, LA2 is N (CH2CH3) . In one embodiment, LA2 is N (C3 alkyl) . In one embodiment, the alkyl (in LA2) is unsubstituted. In one embodiment, the alkyl (in LA2) is substituted.
[0087] In one embodiment, LA2 is absent, CH2, NH, -CH2NH-, or -CH2N (CH3) -, and wherein the attachment to the left is toward M1.
[0088] In one embodiment, A is
[0089] In one embodiment, LA1 is absent and A is In one embodiment, LA1 is absent, A is and LA2 is absent. In one embodiment, LA1 is absent, A is and LA2 is -CH2NH-or -CH2N (CH3) -, and wherein the attachment to the left is toward M1.
[0090] In one embodiment, A is optionally substituted Ring A. In one embodiment, Ring A is monocyclic ring. In one embodiment, Ring A is a bicyclic ring (e.g., fused, bridged, or spiro bicyclic ring) .
[0091] In one embodiment, the compound is a compound of Formula (I-A) : or a stereoisomer, a mixture of stereoisomers, tautomer, isotopologue, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein: X1 and X2 are each independently -N-, -CH-, or -C=; Ring A is 4-to 12-membered heterocyclylene, C3-8 cycloalkylene, C3-8 cycloalkenylene, or 5-to 12-membered heteroarylene, optionally substituted with one or more (e.g., 1, 2, or 3) Ra.
[0092] In one embodiment, the compound is a compound of Formula (I-B) : or a stereoisomer, a mixture of stereoisomers, tautomer, isotopologue, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
[0093] In one embodiment, Ring A is 4-to 12-membered heterocyclylene. In one embodiment, Ring A is 3 to 8-membered heterocyclylene. In one embodiment, Ring A is 3 to 6-membered heterocyclylene. In one embodiment, Ring A is 3 to 8-membered monocyclic heterocyclylene. In one embodiment, Ring A is 7 to 12-membered bicyclic heterocyclylene. In one embodiment, Ring A is 7 to 12-membered fused bicyclic heterocyclylene. In one embodiment, Ring A is 3-membered heterocyclylene. In one embodiment, Ring A is 4-membered heterocyclylene. In one embodiment, Ring A is 5-membered heterocyclylene. In one embodiment, Ring A is 6-membered heterocyclylene. In one embodiment, Ring A is 7-membered heterocyclylene. In one embodiment, Ring A is 8-membered heterocyclylene. In one embodiment, Ring A is 9-membered heterocyclylene. In one embodiment, Ring A is 10-membered heterocyclylene. In one embodiment, Ring A is 4-to 12-membered heterocyclylene containing one or more nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur ring atoms. In one embodiment, Ring A is 4-to 8-membered nitrogen-containing heterocyclylene. In one embodiment, Ring A is 4-to 6-membered nitrogen-containing heterocyclylene, and nitrogen is the only type of heteroatom contained in the heterocyclylene. In one embodiment, Ring A is piperazine ring. In one embodiment, Ring A is azetidine ring. In one embodiment, Ring A is pyrrolidinyl. In one embodiment, Ring A is piperidine ring. In one embodiment, Ring A is morpholine ring. In one embodiment, the heterocyclylene is saturated. In one embodiment, the heterocyclylene is partially unsaturated. In one embodiment, the heterocyclylene is unsubstituted. In one embodiment, the heterocyclylene is substituted with one or more (e.g., 1, 2, or 3) Ra, as valency permits.
[0094] In one embodiment, Ring A is 4-to 12-membered cycloalkylene. In one embodiment, Ring A is C3-C8 cycloalkylene. In one embodiment, Ring A is C3-C6 cycloalkylene. In one embodiment, Ring A is 3 to 8-membered monocyclic cycloalkylene. In one embodiment, Ring A is 7 to 12-membered bicyclic cycloalkylene. In one embodiment, Ring A is C3 cycloalkylene. In one embodiment, Ring A is C4 cycloalkylene. In one embodiment, Ring A is C5 cycloalkylene. In one embodiment, Ring A is C6 cycloalkylene. In one embodiment, the cycloalkylene is unsubstituted. In one embodiment, the cycloalkylene is substituted with one or more (e.g., 1, 2, or 3) Ra, as valency permits.
[0095] In one embodiment, Ring A is 5-to 8-membered heteroarylene. In one embodiment, Ring A is 5-membered heteroarylene. In one embodiment, Ring A is 6-membered heteroarylene. In one embodiment, Ring A is a 5 to 6-membered heteroarylene containing one or more nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur ring atoms. In one embodiment, Ring A is a 5-to 6-membered nitrogen-containing heteroarylene. In one embodiment, Ring A is 5 to 6-membered nitrogen-containing heteroarylene, and nitrogen is the only type of heteroatom contained in the heteroarylene. In one embodiment, Ring A is imidazole ring. In one embodiment, Ring A is pyridine ring. In one embodiment, Ring A is pyrazoline ring. In one embodiment, Ring A is pyridazine ring. In one embodiment, Ring A is triazine ring. In one embodiment, Ring A is pyrazine ring. In one embodiment, Ring A is triazole ring. In one embodiment, Ring A is oxazole ring. In one embodiment, Ring A is thiazole ring. In one embodiment, the heteroarylene is unsubstituted. In one embodiment, the heteroarylene is substituted with one or more (e.g., 1, 2, or 3) Ra, as valency permits.
[0096] In one embodiment, Ring A is 4-to 12-membered heterocyclylene or cycloalkylene, optionally substituted with one or more (e.g., 1, 2, or 3) Ra.
[0097] In one embodiment, Ring A is a 6-to 10-membered monocyclic or bicyclic heterocyclylene having 1–4 ring heteroatoms selected from N, O, or S, wherein the heterocyclylene is saturated or partially unsaturated, and wherein the heterocyclylene is optionally substituted with one or more (e.g., 1, 2, or 3) Ra.
[0098] In one embodiment, Ring A is wherein: each instance of is independently a single bond or a double bond; s is 0, 1, or 2; t is 0, 1, or 2; X1 and X2 are each independently -N-, -CH-, or -C=; and Ring A is optionally substituted with one or more (e.g., 1, 2, or 3) Ra.
[0099] In one embodiment, is a single bond. In one embodiment, is a double bond.
[0100] In one embodiment, s is 0. In one embodiment, s is 1. In one embodiment, s is 2. In one embodiment, t is 0. In one embodiment, t is 1. In one embodiment, t is 2.
[0101] In one embodiment, X1 is -N-. In one embodiment, X1 is -CH-. In one embodiment, X1 is -C=. In one embodiment, X2 is -N-. In one embodiment, X2 is -CH-. In one embodiment, X2 is -C=. In one embodiment, X1 is -N-and X2 is -N-. In one embodiment, X1 is -CH-and X2 is -N-. In one embodiment, X1 is -N-and X2 is -CH-. Unless otherwise specified, X1 and X2 are not adjacent to each other.
[0102] In one embodiment, provided herein is a compound of Formula (II) : or a stereoisomer, a mixture of stereoisomers, tautomer, isotopologue, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein: M1, M2, M3, M4 and M7 are each independently C or N, as valency permits; M5 and M6 are each independently CR0, N, O, NR0, or S, as valency permits; T1 is N or CR4; Ring T is optionally substituted 5-to 7-membered ring; X3 is -N-, -CH-, or -C=; X4 connects Ring C and Ring D, and X4 is C or a bond; Ring C is 4-to 8-membered heterocyclyl, 5-to 6-membered heteroaryl, C4-7 cycloalkyl, or phenyl, optionally substituted with one or more (e.g., 1, 2, or 3) Rc; Ring D is 4-to 8-membered heterocyclyl, 5-to 6-membered heteroaryl, or C4-7 cycloalkyl, optionally substituted with one or more (e.g., 1, 2, or 3) Rd or L-B; each instance of Rc is independently deuterium, halogen, optionally substituted C1-4 alkyl, or optionally substituted 3-to 6-membered ring; or two instances of Rc, together with the intervening atom (s) , form an optionally substituted 3-to 6-membered ring; each instance of Rd is independently deuterium, halogen, OH, oxo, C1-4 alkyl, NH2, NH (C1-4 alkyl) , N (C1-4 alkyl) 2, -C (O) (C1-4 alkyl) , -CONH (C1-4 alkyl) , or -C (O) N (C1-4 alkyl) 2, and wherein the alkyl is optionally substituted; L is absent, -C (R5) 2-, -C (R5) 2-C (R5) 2-, or NR5; B is H, optionally substituted C1-3 alkyl, or optionally substituted Ring B, wherein Ring B is 5-to 12-membered heteroaryl, 4-to 12-membered heterocyclyl, C6-10 aryl, C3-8 cycloalkyl, or C3-8 cycloalkenyl; X is -C (O) -or -S (O) 2-; LX is -NR0’ -or -CR0’ R0’ -; each instance of R0 is independently H, deuterium, or optionally substituted C1-4 alkyl; each instance of R0’ is independently H or optionally substituted C1-4 alkyl; or two instances of R0’ , together with the carbon atom they are attached to, form an optionally substituted 3-to 6-membered ring; R1 is optionally substituted C4-6 cycloalkenyl, optionally substituted 4-to 12- membered heterocyclyl, optionally substituted 5-to 12-membered heteroaryl, optionally substituted C6-10 aryl, optionally substituted C3-6 cycloalkyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkenyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkynyl, optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, optionally substituted C1-6 alkoxy, or optionally substituted amino; R2 is optionally substituted 5-to 12-membered heteroaryl, or optionally substituted C6-10 aryl; and R4 is H, deuterium, halogen, or optionally substituted C1-4 alkyl; and each instance of R5 is independently H, deuterium, halogen, or optionally substituted C1-4 alkyl; or two instances of R5, together with the intervening atom (s) , form an optionally substituted 3-to 6-membered ring.
[0103] In one embodiment, provided herein is a compound of Formula (II) : or a stereoisomer, a mixture of stereoisomers, tautomer, isotopologue, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein: M1, M2, M3, M4 and M7 are each independently C or N, as valency permits; M5 and M6 are each independently CR0, N, O, or NR0 (or S) , as valency permits; T1 is N or CR4; Ring T is optionally substituted 5-to 7-membered ring; X3 is -N-, -CH-, or -C=; X4 connects Ring C and Ring D, and X4 is C or a bond; Ring C is 4-to 8-membered heterocyclyl, 5-to 6-membered heteroaryl, C4-7 cycloalkyl, or phenyl, optionally substituted with one or more (e.g., 1, 2, or 3) Rc; Ring D is 4-to 8-membered heterocyclyl, 5-to 6-membered heteroaryl, or C4-7 cycloalkyl, optionally substituted with one or more (e.g., 1, 2, or 3) Rd or L-B; each instance of Rc is independently deuterium, halogen, optionally substituted C1-4 alkyl, or optionally substituted 3-to 6-membered ring; or two instances of Rc, together with the intervening atom (s) , form an optionally substituted 3-to 6-membered ring; each instance of Rd is independently deuterium, halogen, OH, oxo, C1-4 alkyl, NH2, NH (C1-4 alkyl) , N (C1-4 alkyl) 2, -C (O) (C1-4 alkyl) , -CONH (C1-4 alkyl) , or -C (O) N (C1-4 alkyl) 2, and wherein the alkyl is optionally substituted; L is absent, -C (R5) 2-, -C (R5) 2-C (R5) 2-, or NR5; B is H, optionally substituted C1-3 alkyl, or optionally substituted Ring B, wherein Ring B is 5-to 12-membered heteroaryl, 4-to 12-membered heterocyclyl, C6-10 aryl, C3-8 cycloalkyl, or C3-8 cycloalkenyl; X is -C (O) -or -S (O) 2-; LX is -NR0’ -or -CR0’ R0’ -; each instance of R0 is independently H, deuterium, or optionally substituted C1-4 alkyl; each instance of R0’ is independently H or optionally substituted C1-4 alkyl; or two instances of R0’ , together with the carbon atom they are attached to, form an optionally substituted 3-to 6-membered ring; R1 is optionally substituted C4-6 cycloalkenyl, optionally substituted 4-to 12- membered heterocyclyl, optionally substituted 5-to 12-membered heteroaryl, optionally substituted C6-10 aryl, optionally substituted C3-6 cycloalkyl, optionally substituted C2-4 alkenyl, or optionally substituted C2-4 alkynyl; R2 is optionally substituted 5-to 12-membered heteroaryl, or optionally substituted C6-10 aryl; and R4 is H, deuterium, halogen, or optionally substituted C1-4 alkyl; and each instance of R5 is independently H, deuterium, halogen, or optionally substituted C1-4 alkyl; or two instances of R5, together with the intervening atom (s) , form an optionally substituted 3-to 6-membered ring.
[0104] In one embodiment, the compound has one hydrogen bond acceptor in Ring D and one hydrogen bond acceptor in group B. In one embodiment, without being limited by a particular theory, the two hydrogen bond acceptors are spaced out in such a way (e.g., separated by two bonds, three bonds, four bonds, or five bonds) that the hydrogen bond acceptor in Ring D can form a hydrogen bond with an amino acid (NH) of Werner syndrome helicase (WRN) , and the hydrogen bond acceptor in group B can form a hydrogen bond with another amino acid (NH) of WRN at the same time.
[0105] In one embodiment, the compound has one hydrogen bond acceptor in Ring D. In one embodiment, without being limited by a particular theory, the hydrogen bond acceptor in Ring D can form a hydrogen bond with an amino acid (NH) of WRN.
[0106] In one embodiment, L is absent. In one embodiment, L is -C (R5) 2-. In one embodiment, L is CH2. In one embodiment, L is CH (CH3) . In one embodiment, L is -C (R5) 2-C (R5) 2-. In one embodiment, L is NR5. In one embodiment, L is NH. In one embodiment, L is NCH3.
[0107] In one embodiment, R5 is H. In one embodiment, R5 is deuterium. In one embodiment, R5 is halogen.
[0108] In one embodiment, R5 is C1-4 alkyl. In one embodiment, R5 is methyl. In one embodiment, R5 is ethyl. In one embodiment, R5 is C3 alkyl. In one embodiment, R5 is C4 alkyl. In one embodiment, the alkyl (in R5) is unsubstituted. In one embodiment, the alkyl (in R5) is substituted. In one embodiment, the alkyl (in R5) is substituted with one or more deuterium, halogen, OH, or CN.
[0109] In one embodiment, two instances of R5, together with the intervening atom (s) , form an optionally substituted 3-to 6-membered ring. In one embodiment, L is -C (R5) 2-, wherein the two R5, together with the intervening atom, form a 3-to 6-membered ring. In one embodiment, L is -CHR5-CHR5-, and wherein the two R5, together with the intervening atoms, form a 3-to 6-membered ring. In one embodiment, L is -CH2-C (R5) 2-or -C (R5) 2-CH2-, and wherein the two R5, together with the intervening atoms, form a 3-to 6-membered ring. In one embodiment, the ring formed by two instances of R5 is C3-6 cycloalkylene. In one embodiment, the ring formed by two instances of R5 is 3 to 6 membered heterocyclylene. In one embodiment, the ring formed by two instances of R5 is cyclopropylene, cyclobutylene, cyclopentylene, or cyclohexylene. In one embodiment, the ring formed by R5 is unsubstituted. In one embodiment, the ring or cycloalkylene formed by R5 is substituted.
[0110] In one embodiment, L is wherein the attachment to the left is toward Ring D.
[0111] In one embodiment, X3 is -N-. In one embodiment, X3 is -CH-. In one embodiment, X3 is -C=.
[0112] In one embodiment, X4 is C (i.e., Ring C and Ring D form a spiro ring) . In one embodiment, X4 is a bond (i.e., Ring C and Ring D form a fused ring) . In one embodiment, X4 is a C-C single bond, N-C single bond, or C-C double bond. In one embodiment, X4 is a C-C single bond. In one embodiment, X4 is N-C single bond. In one embodiment, X4 is C-C double bond.
[0113] In one embodiment, Ring C is 4-to 8-membered heterocyclyl. In one embodiment, Ring C is 4-to 6-membered heterocyclyl. In one embodiment, Ring C is 4-membered heterocyclyl. In one embodiment, Ring C is 5-membered heterocyclyl. In one embodiment, Ring C is 6-membered heterocyclyl. In one embodiment, Ring C is 4-to 6-membered heterocyclyl having 1–3 ring heteroatoms independently selected from N, O, or S. In one embodiment, Ring C is 4-to 6-membered nitrogen-containing heterocyclyl. In one embodiment, Ring C is 4-to 6-membered nitrogen-containing heterocyclyl, and nitrogen is the only type of heteroatom contained in the heterocyclyl. In one embodiment, the heterocyclyl (in Ring C) is saturated. In one embodiment, the heterocyclyl is partially unsaturated. In one embodiment, the heterocyclyl (in Ring C) is unsubstituted. In one embodiment, the heterocyclyl is substituted. In one embodiment, the heterocyclyl is substituted with one or more Rc.
[0114] In one embodiment, Ring C is 5-to 6-membered heteroaryl. In one embodiment, Ring C is a 5 to 6-membered heteroaryl having 1–4 heteroatoms selected from O, N, or S on the ring. In one embodiment, Ring C is a 5-membered heteroaryl. In one embodiment, Ring C is a 5-membered nitrogen-containing heteroaryl. In one embodiment, Ring C is a 6-membered heteroaryl. In one embodiment, Ring C is a 6-membered nitrogen-containing heteroaryl. In one embodiment, the heteroaryl (in Ring C) is unsubstituted. In one embodiment, the heteroaryl is substituted. In one embodiment, the heteroaryl is substituted with one or more Rc.
[0115] In one embodiment, Ring C is C4-7 cycloalkyl. In one embodiment, Ring C is cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, or cyclohexyl. In one embodiment, the cycloalkyl (in Ring C) is unsubstituted. In one embodiment, the cycloalkyl is substituted. In one embodiment, the cycloalkyl is substituted with one or more Rc.
[0116] In one embodiment, Ring C is phenyl. In one embodiment, the phenyl (in Ring C) is unsubstituted. In one embodiment, the phenyl is substituted. In one embodiment, the phenyl is substituted with one or more Rc.
[0117] In one embodiment, Rc is deuterium. In one embodiment, Rc is halogen. In one embodiment, Rc is C1-4 alkyl. In one embodiment, Rc is methyl. In one embodiment, Rc is ethyl. In one embodiment, Rc is C3 alkyl. In one embodiment, Rc is C4 alkyl. In one embodiment, the alkyl (in Rc) is unsubstituted. In one embodiment, the alkyl is substituted. In one embodiment, the alkyl (in Rc) is substituted with one or more oxo, deuterium, halogen, OH, or CN.
[0118] In one embodiment, Rc is 3-to 6-membered ring. In one embodiment, Rc is 3-membered, 4-membered, 5-membered, or 6-membered ring. In one embodiment, the ring (in Rc) is C3-6 cycloalkyl. In one embodiment, the ring (in Rc) is C3, C4, C5, or C6 cycloalkyl. In one embodiment, the ring (in Rc) is 3 to 6-membered heterocyclyl. In one embodiment, the ring (in Rc) is 3 to 6-membered heterocyclyl having 1–3 heteroatoms selected from O, N, or S on the ring. In one embodiment, the ring (in Rc) is 3-membered, 4-membered, 5-membered, or 6-membered heterocyclyl. In one embodiment, the ring (in Rc) is 5 to 6-membered heteroaryl. In one embodiment, the ring (in Rc) is 5 to 6-membered heteroaryl having 1–3 heteroatoms selected from O, N, or S on the ring. In one embodiment, the ring (in Rc) is phenyl. In one embodiment, the ring (in Rc) is unsubstituted. In one embodiment, the ring is substituted. In one embodiment, the ring is substituted with one or more oxo, deuterium, halogen, OH, CN, C1-4 alkyl, or C1-4 heteroalkyl.
[0119] In one embodiment, two instances of Rc, together with the intervening atom (s) , form an optionally substituted 3-to 6-membered ring (e.g., C3-6 cycloalkyl or 3 to 6-membered heterocyclyl) . In one embodiment, the ring (formed by two instances of Rc) forms a spiro ring with Ring C. In one embodiment, the ring (formed by two instances of Rc) forms a fused ring with Ring C. In one embodiment, the ring (formed by two instances of Rc) forms a bridged ring with Ring A. In one embodiment, the ring (formed by two instances of Rc) is unsubstituted. In one embodiment, the ring is substituted. In one embodiment, the ring is substituted with one or more oxo, deuterium, halogen, OH, CN, C1-4 alkyl, or C1-4 heteroalkyl.
[0120] In one embodiment, Ring D is 4-to 8-membered heterocyclyl. In one embodiment, Ring D is 4-to 6-membered heterocyclyl. In one embodiment, Ring D is 4-membered heterocyclyl. In one embodiment, Ring D is 5-membered heterocyclyl. In one embodiment, Ring D is 6-membered heterocyclyl. In one embodiment, Ring D is 4-to 6-membered heterocyclyl having 1–3 ring heteroatoms independently selected from N, O, or S. In one embodiment, Ring D is 4-to 6-membered nitrogen-containing heterocyclyl. In one embodiment, Ring D is 4-to 6-membered nitrogen-containing heterocyclyl, and nitrogen is the only type of heteroatom contained in the heterocyclyl. In one embodiment, the heterocyclyl (in Ring D) is saturated. In one embodiment, the heterocyclyl is partially unsaturated. In one embodiment, the heterocyclyl (in Ring D) is unsubstituted. In one embodiment, the heterocyclyl is substituted. In one embodiment, the heterocyclyl is substituted with one or more Rd or L-B.
[0121] In one embodiment, Ring D is 5-to 6-membered heteroaryl. In one embodiment, Ring D is a 5 to 6-membered heteroaryl having 1–4 heteroatoms selected from O, N, or S on the ring. In one embodiment, Ring D is a 5-membered heteroaryl. In one embodiment, Ring D is a 5-membered nitrogen-containing heteroaryl. In one embodiment, Ring D is a 6-membered heteroaryl. In one embodiment, Ring D is a 6-membered nitrogen-containing heteroaryl. In one embodiment, the heteroaryl (in Ring D) is unsubstituted. In one embodiment, the heteroaryl is substituted. In one embodiment, the heteroaryl is substituted with one or more Rd or L-B.
[0122] In one embodiment, Ring D is C4-7 cycloalkyl. In one embodiment, Ring D is cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, or cyclohexyl. In one embodiment, the cycloalkyl (in Ring D) is unsubstituted. In one embodiment, the cycloalkyl is substituted. In one embodiment, the cycloalkyl is substituted with one or more Rd or L-B.
[0123] In one embodiment, Ring D contains a hydrogen-bond acceptor atom, or Ring D is substituted with a substituent that contains a hydrogen-bond acceptor atom, wherein the hydrogen-bond acceptor atom is 3-to 6-bond away from X3; or Ring D is substituted with L-B.
[0124] In one embodiment, a ring atom of Ring D that is alpha to X4 is a hydrogen-bond acceptor atom or is substituted with a substituent that contains a hydrogen-bond acceptor atom.
[0125] In one embodiment, each instance of Rd is independently deuterium, halogen, OH, oxo, C1-4 alkyl, NH2, NH (C1-4 alkyl) , N (C1-4 alkyl) 2, -C (O) (C1-4 alkyl) , -CONH (C1-4 alkyl) , or -C (O) N (C1-4 alkyl) 2, and wherein the alkyl is optionally substituted.
[0126] In one embodiment, Rd is deuterium. In one embodiment, Rd is halogen. In one embodiment, Rd is OH. In one embodiment, Rd is oxo. In one embodiment, Rd is NH2.
[0127] In one embodiment, Rd is C1-4 alkyl. In one embodiment, Rd is NH (C1-4 alkyl) . In one embodiment, Rd is N (C1-4 alkyl) 2. In one embodiment, Rd is -C (O) (C1-4 alkyl) . In one embodiment, Rd is -CONH (C1-4 alkyl) . In one embodiment, Rd is -C (O) N (C1-4 alkyl) 2. In one embodiment, each C1-4 alkyl in Rd is independently methyl, ethyl, C3 alkyl, or C4 alkyl. In one embodiment, the alkyl (in Rd) is unsubstituted. In one embodiment, the alkyl is substituted. In one embodiment, the alkyl is substituted with one or more deuterium, oxo, halogen, OH, or CN.
[0128] In one embodiment, Ring C-Ring D together is wherein: Ring C1 is 4-to 6-membered heterocyclyl, optionally substituted with one or more (e.g., 1, 2, or 3) Rc; Ring D1 is 4-to 8-membered heterocyclyl, optionally substituted with one or more (e.g., 1, 2, or 3) Rd or L-B; and Z4 is O, oxo, SO2, N, NOH, or NH.
[0129] In one embodiment, Ring C1 is 4-membered heterocyclyl. In one embodiment, Ring C1 is 5-membered heterocyclyl. In one embodiment, Ring C1 is 6-membered heterocyclyl. In one embodiment, Ring C1 is 4-to 6-membered heterocyclyl having 1–3 ring heteroatoms independently selected from N, O, or S. In one embodiment, Ring C1 is 4-to 6-membered nitrogen-containing heterocyclyl. In one embodiment, the heterocyclyl (in Ring C) is saturated. In one embodiment, the heterocyclyl is partially unsaturated.
[0130] In one embodiment, Ring D1 is 4-to 8-membered heterocyclyl. In one embodiment, Ring D1 is 4-to 6-membered heterocyclyl. In one embodiment, Ring D1 is 4-membered heterocyclyl, 5-membered heterocyclyl, or 6-membered heterocyclyl. In one embodiment, Ring D1 is 4-to 6-membered heterocyclyl having 1–3 ring heteroatoms independently selected from N, O, or S. In one embodiment, Ring D1 is 4-to 6-membered nitrogen-containing heterocyclyl. In one embodiment, the heterocyclyl (in Ring D) is saturated. In one embodiment, the heterocyclyl is partially unsaturated.
[0131] In one embodiment, Z4 is O. In one embodiment, Z4 is oxo. In one embodiment, Z4 is SO2. In one embodiment, Z4 is N. In one embodiment, Z4 is NOH. In one embodiment, Z4 is NH.
[0132] In one embodiment, Ring C-Ring D together is wherein: Ring C2 is 5-to 6-membered heterocyclyl, 5-to 6-membered heteroaryl, or phenyl, wherein the heterocyclyl and phenyl are optionally substituted with one or more (e.g., 1, 2, or 3) Rc; Ring D2 is 5-to 8-membered heterocyclyl, or 5-membered heteroaryl, wherein the heterocyclyl and heteroaryl are optionally substituted with one or more (e.g., 1, 2, or 3) Rd or L-B; X5 is CH, C, or N; X6 is CH, C, or N; and Z5 is O, oxo, SO2, N, NOH, or NH.
[0133] In one embodiment, Ring C2 is 5-membered heterocyclyl. In one embodiment, Ring C2 is 6-membered heterocyclyl. In one embodiment, Ring C2 is 5 to 6-membered heterocyclyl having 1–3 ring heteroatoms independently selected from N, O, or S. In one embodiment, Ring C2 is 5 to 6-membered nitrogen-containing heterocyclyl. In one embodiment, the heterocyclyl (in Ring C2) is saturated. In one embodiment, the heterocyclyl is partially unsaturated. In one embodiment, Ring C2 is a 5-membered heteroaryl. In one embodiment, Ring C2 is a 5-membered nitrogen-containing heteroaryl. In one embodiment, Ring C2 is a 6-membered heteroaryl. In one embodiment, Ring C2 is a 6-membered nitrogen-containing heteroaryl.
[0134] In one embodiment, Ring D2 is 5-to 8-membered heterocyclyl. In one embodiment, Ring D2 is 5 to 6-membered heterocyclyl. In one embodiment, Ring D2 is 5-to 6-membered heterocyclyl having 1–3 ring heteroatoms independently selected from N, O, or S. In one embodiment, Ring D2 is 5 to 6-membered nitrogen-containing heterocyclyl. In one embodiment, the heterocyclyl (in Ring D2) is saturated. In one embodiment, the heterocyclyl is partially unsaturated.
[0135] In one embodiment, Z5 is O. In one embodiment, Z5 is oxo. In one embodiment, Z5 is SO2. In one embodiment, Z5 is N. In one embodiment, Z5 is NOH. In one embodiment, Z5 is NH
[0136] In one embodiment, X5 is CH. In one embodiment, X5 is C. In one embodiment, X5 is N. In one embodiment, X6 is CH. In one embodiment, X6 is C. In one embodiment, X6 is N.
[0137] In one embodiment, Ring D (or Ring D1 or Ring D2) is unsubstituted. In one embodiment, Ring D (or Ring D1 or Ring D2) is substituted with one Rd. In one embodiment, Ring D (or Ring D1 or Ring D2) is substituted with two Rd. In one embodiment, Ring D (or Ring D1 or Ring D2) is substituted with three Rd. In one embodiment, Ring D (or Ring D1 or Ring D2) is substituted with four Rd.
[0138] In one embodiment, Ring D (or Ring D1 or Ring D2) is substituted with one or more L-B. In one embodiment, Ring D (or Ring D1 or Ring D2) is substituted with one L-B. In one embodiment, Ring D (or Ring D1 or Ring D2) is substituted with one L- (Ring B) . In one embodiment, Ring D (or Ring D1 or Ring D2) is substituted with one -C (O) - (Ring B) . In one embodiment, Ring D (or Ring D1 or Ring D2) is substituted with one -S (O) - (Ring B) , In one embodiment, Ring D (or Ring D1 or Ring D2) is substituted with one -S (O) 2- (Ring B) In one embodiment, Ring D (or Ring D1 or Ring D2) is substituted with one -S (O) (=NH) -(Ring B) .
[0139] In one embodiment, Ring T is optionally substituted 5-membered non-aromatic ring. In one embodiment, Ring T is optionally substituted 6-membered non-aromatic ring. In one embodiment, Ring T is optionally substituted 7-membered non-aromatic ring. In one embodiment, the non-aromatic ring is a carbocyclic non-aromatic ring. In one embodiment, the non-aromatic ring is a heterocyclic non-aromatic ring.
[0140] In one embodiment, Ring T is optionally substituted with one or more (e.g., 1, 2, or 3) Rt; each instance of Rt is independently deuterium, halogen, or optionally substituted C1-4 alkyl; or two germinal Rt, together with the carbon atom they are attached to, form an optionally substituted 3-to 6-membered ring (e.g., cyclopropyl) . In one embodiment, Ring T is unsubstituted. In one embodiment, Ring T is substituted with one Rt. In one embodiment, Ring T is substituted with two Rt.
[0141] In one embodiment, is wherein: n is 0, 1, or 2; T2 is O, NRt0, or CRt0Rt0; T3 is O, NRt0, or CRt0Rt0; each instance of Rt0 is independently hydrogen or Rt; and each instance of Rt is independently deuterium, halogen, or optionally substituted C1-4 alkyl; or two germinal Rt, together with the carbon atom they are attached to, form an optionally substituted 3-to 6-membered ring (e.g., cyclopropyl) .
[0142] In one embodiment, the compound is a compound of Formula (III-A) or (III-B) : or a stereoisomer, a mixture of stereoisomers, tautomer, isotopologue, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
[0143] In one embodiment, the compound is a compound of Formula (V-A) , (V-B) , (V-C) , or (V-D) : or a stereoisomer, a mixture of stereoisomers, tautomer, isotopologue, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
[0144] In one embodiment, n is 0. In one embodiment, n is 1. In one embodiment, n is 2.
[0145] In one embodiment, Rt0 is H. In one embodiment, Rt0 is Rt.
[0146] In one embodiment, T2 is O. In one embodiment, T2 is NH. In one embodiment, T2 is NRt. In one embodiment, T2 is N (CH3) . In one embodiment, T2 is CH2. In one embodiment, T2 is CHRt. In one embodiment, T2 is CH (CH3) .
[0147] In one embodiment, T3 is O. In one embodiment, T3 is NH. In one embodiment, T3 is NRt. In one embodiment, T3 is N (CH3) . In one embodiment, T3 is CH2. In one embodiment, T3 is CHRt. In one embodiment, T3 is CH (CH3) .
[0148] In one embodiment, T2 is CH2, and T3 is CH2. In one embodiment, T2 is CH2, and T3 is O. In one embodiment, T2 is CHRt, and T3 is CH2. In one embodiment, T2 is CHRt, and T3 is O. In one embodiment, T2 is NH, and T3 is CH2. In one embodiment, T2 is NRt, and T3 is CH2. In one embodiment, T2 is O, and T3 is CH2. In one embodiment, n is 0. In one embodiment, n is 1. In one embodiment, n is 2.
[0149] In one embodiment, M1 is C. In one embodiment, M1 is N. In one embodiment, M2 is C. In one embodiment, M2 is N. In one embodiment, M3 is C. In one embodiment, M3 is N. In one embodiment, M4 is C. In one embodiment, M4 is N. In one embodiment, M7 is C. In one embodiment, M7 is N. In one embodiment, M5 is CR0. In one embodiment, M5 is N. In one embodiment, M5 is O. In one embodiment, M5 is NR0. In one embodiment, M5 is S. In one embodiment, M6 is CR0. In one embodiment, M6 is N. In one embodiment, M6 is O. In one embodiment, M6 is NR0. In one embodiment, M6 is S.
[0150] In one embodiment, at least two of M1 to M7 are N. In one embodiment, at least three of M1 to M7 are N. In one embodiment, at least four of M1 to M7 are N. In one embodiment, four of M1 to M7 are N. In one embodiment, M4, M5, and M6 are all N. In one embodiment, M2, M4, M5, and M6 are all N. In one embodiment, M1, M3, M5, and M6 are all N. In one embodiment, M1, M4, M5, and M6 are all N. In one embodiment, M1, M4, and M6 are all N. In one embodiment, the remaining M1 to M7 is C or CR0, as valency permits.
[0151] In one embodiment, T1 is N. In one embodiment, T1 is CR4 (e.g., CH) .
[0152] In one embodiment, M2 is N and T1 is CR4 (e.g., CH) . In one embodiment, M2 is C and T1 is N. In one embodiment, M2 is C and T1 is CR4 (e.g., CH) .
[0153] In one embodiment, is or In one embodiment, is In one embodiment, is In one embodiment, is
[0154] In one embodiment, is In one embodiment, is In one embodiment, Rt0 is Rt. In one embodiment, Rt0 is methyl. In one embodiment, Rt0 is hydrogen.
[0155] In one embodiment, when T1 is CR4, it has the stereochemistry of In one embodiment, it has the stereochemistry of
[0156] In one embodiment, when T2 is CHRt, it has the stereochemistry of In one embodiment, it has the stereochemistry of
[0157] In one embodiment, when T1 is CR4 and T2 is CHRt, Ring T has the stereochemistry of In one embodiment, Ring T has the stereochemistry of In one embodiment, Ring T has the stereochemistry of In one embodiment, Ring T has the stereochemistry of For any compound in Table 1, Table S1, or Table 1A, the four diastereoisomers with regard to these two chiral centers (when Rt is not hydrogen) or the two enantiomers (when Rt is hydrogen) are all specifically provided herein, even if the structure of the diastereoisomer is not specifically displayed in Table 1, Table S1, or Table 1A.
[0158] In one embodiment, X is -C (O) -. In one embodiment, X is -S (O) 2-.
[0159] In one embodiment, LX is -NR0’ -. In one embodiment, LX is -NH-. In one embodiment, LX is -N (CH3) -. In one embodiment, LX is -CR0’ R0’ -. In one embodiment, LX is -CH2-. In one embodiment, LX is -CH (CH3) -. In one embodiment, LX is -C (CH3) 2-. In one embodiment, LX is -CR0’ R0’ -, wherein two instances of R0’ , together with the carbon atom they are attached to, form cyclopropyl, optionally substituted with one or more deuterium, halogen (e.g., F) , or CH3.
[0160] In one embodiment, X-LX is -C (O) -NH-. In one embodiment, X-LX is -C (O) -CH2-. In one embodiment, X-LX is -S (O) 2-CH2-.
[0161] In one embodiment, R2 is 5-to 10-membered heteroaryl. In one embodiment, R2 is 5 to 8-membered heteroaryl. In one embodiment, R2 is 5-membered heteroaryl. In one embodiment, R2 is 6-membered heteroaryl. In one embodiment, R2 is a 5 to 6-membered heteroaryl containing one or more nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur ring atoms. In one embodiment, R2 is a 6-membered nitrogen-containing heteroaryl. In one embodiment, R2 is pyridyl or pyrimidyl. In one embodiment, the heteroaryl (in R2) is unsubstituted. In one embodiment, the heteroaryl is substituted. In one embodiment, the heteroaryl is substituted with one or more Rf.
[0162] In one embodiment, R2 is C6-10 aryl. In one embodiment, R2 is C6-C8 aryl. In one embodiment, R2 is phenyl. In one embodiment, R2 is naphthyl. In one embodiment, the aryl (in R2) is unsubstituted. In one embodiment, the aryl is substituted. In one embodiment, the aryl is substituted with one or more Rf.
[0163] In one embodiment, R2 is phenyl or 5-to 6-membered heteroaryl, and wherein the phenyl and heteroaryl are optionally substituted with one or more deuterium, halogen, OH, CN, oxo, C1-3 alkyl, C1-3 haloalkyl, C1-3 alkoxy, SF5, or C (O) H. In one embodiment, R2 is phenyl, pyridyl, or pyrimidyl, and wherein the phenyl, pyridyl, and pyrimidyl are optionally substituted with one or more (e.g., 1, 2, 3, or 4) deuterium, halogen, OH, CN, oxo, C1-3 alkyl, C1-3 haloalkyl, C1-3 alkoxy, SF5, or C (O) H.
[0164] In one embodiment, R2 is phenyl substituted with one or more halogen, and one or more C1-3 alkyl or C1-3 haloalkyl. In one embodiment, R2 is pyridyl substituted with one or more halogen, and one or more C1-3 alkyl or C1-3 haloalkyl. In one embodiment, R2 is pyrimidyl substituted with one or more halogen, and one or more C1-3 alkyl or C1-3 haloalkyl.
[0165] In one embodiment, R2 is In one embodiment, R2 is In one embodiment, R2 is In these embodiments, X7 is CH or N; each instance of Rf is independently deuterium, halogen, OH, CN, C1-3 alkyl, C1-3 haloalkyl, C1-3 alkoxy, SF5, or C (O) H; and m is an integer from 0 to 5 as valency permits.
[0166] In one embodiment, the compound is a compound of Formula (IV-1) , (IV-2) , (IV-3) , (IV-4) , (IV-5) , (IV-6) , (IV-7) , (IV-8) , (IV-9) , (IV-10) , (IV-11) , (IV-12) , (IV-13) , (IV-14) , (IV-15) , (IV-16) , (IV-17) , (IV-18) , (IV-19) , (IV-20) , (IV-21) , (IV-22) , (IV-23) , (IV-24) , (IV-25) , (IV-26) , (IV-27) , (IV-28) , (IV-29) , (IV-30) , (IV-31) , (IV-32) , (IV-33) , (IV-34) , (IV-35) , (IV-36) , (IV-37) , (IV-38) , (IV-39) , (IV-40) , (IV-41) , (IV-42) , (IV-43) , (IV-44) , (IV-45) , (IV-46) , (IV-47) , (IV-48) , (IV-49) , (IV-50) , (IV-51) , (IV-52) , (IV-53) , (IV-54) , (IV-55) , (IV-56) , (IV-57) , (IV-58) , (IV-59) , (IV-60) , (IV-61) , (IV-62) , (IV-63) , (IV-64) , (IV-65) , (IV-66) , (IV-67) , (IV-68) , (IV-69) , (IV-70) , (IV-71) , (IV-72) , (IV-73) , (IV-74) , (IV-75) , (IV-76) , (IV-77) , (IV-78) , or (IV-79) : or a stereoisomer, a mixture of stereoisomers, tautomer, isotopologue, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein: each instance of Rb0 is independently hydrogen or Rb; Ring E is C4-6 cycloalkenyl, 4-to 12-membered heterocyclyl, 5-to 12-membered heteroaryl, C6-10 aryl, C3-6 cycloalkyl, optionally substituted with one or more (e.g., 1, 2, or 3) Re; each instance of Re is independently oxo, deuterium, halogen, CN, OH, C1-3 alkyl, C1-3 haloalkyl, C1-3 alkoxy, -CO (C1-3 alkyl) , - (C1-3 alkylene) -CO (C1-3 alkyl) , or - (C1-3 alkylene) -CO2 (C1-3 alkyl) (or C3-8 cycloalkyl) .
[0167] In one embodiment, the compound is a compound of one of the following formulas: or a stereoisomer, a mixture of stereoisomers, tautomer, isotopologue, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
[0168] In one embodiment, R1 is wherein: R1a, R1b, and R1c are each independently hydrogen, deuterium, halogen, cyano, optionally substituted C1-4 alkyl, optionally substituted C3-6 cycloalkyl, optionally substituted C4-6 cycloalkenyl, optionally substituted 4-to 12-membered heterocyclyl, optionally substituted C6-10 aryl, or optionally substituted 5-to 12-membered heteroaryl; R1d and R1e are each independently hydrogen, optionally substituted C1-4 alkyl, optionally substituted C3-6 cycloalkyl, optionally substituted C4-6 cycloalkenyl, optionally substituted 4-to 12-membered heterocyclyl, optionally substituted C6-10 aryl, or optionally substituted 5-to 12-membered heteroaryl; or R1d and R1e, together with the nitrogen they are attached to, form an optionally substituted 3-to 8-membered ring.
[0169] In one embodiment, R1a, R1b, R1c, R1d, or R1e, or the ring formed by NR1dR1e is independently optionally substituted with one or more deuterium, halogen (e.g., F) , CN, OH, C1-3 alkyl (e.g., CH3) , C1-3 alkoxy (e.g., OCH3) , NH2, NH (C1-4 alkyl) (e.g., NHCH3) , N (C1-4 alkyl) 2 (e.g., N (CH3) 2) , C3-6 cycloalkyl (e.g., cyclopropyl) optionally substituted with one or more deuterium, halogen (e.g., F) , or CH3, or 4-to 6-membered heterocyclyl optionally substituted with one or more deuterium, halogen (e.g., F) , or CH3.
[0170] In one embodiment, R1a is hydrogen. In one embodiment, R1a is C1-3 alkyl, C3-6 cycloalkyl, or 4-to 6-membered heterocyclyl. In one embodiment, the alkyl, cycloalkyl, or heterocyclyl is optionally substituted with one or more deuterium, halogen (e.g., F) , CN, OH, C1-3 alkyl (e.g., CH3) , C1-3 alkoxy (e.g., OCH3) , NH2, NH (C1-4 alkyl) (e.g., NHCH3) , N (C1-4 alkyl) 2 (e.g., N (CH3) 2) , C3-6 cycloalkyl (e.g., cyclopropyl) optionally substituted with one or more deuterium, halogen (e.g., F) , or CH3, or 4-to 6-membered heterocyclyl optionally substituted with one or more deuterium, halogen (e.g., F) , or CH3. In one embodiment, R1a is methyl. In one embodiment, R1a is methyl substituted with one or more deuterium, halogen (e.g., F) , CN, OH, C1-3 alkoxy (e.g., OCH3) , NH2, NH (C1-4 alkyl) (e.g., NHCH3) , N (C1-4 alkyl) 2 (e.g., N (CH3) 2) , C3-6 cycloalkyl (e.g., cyclopropyl) optionally substituted with one or more deuterium, halogen (e.g., F) , or CH3, or 4-to 6-membered heterocyclyl optionally substituted with one or more deuterium, halogen (e.g., F) , or CH3. In one embodiment, R1a is C3-6 cycloalkyl (e.g., cyclopropyl) optionally substituted with one or more deuterium, halogen (e.g., F) , or CH3. In one embodiment, R1a is 4-to 6-membered heterocyclyl optionally substituted with one or more deuterium, halogen (e.g., F) , or CH3.
[0171] In one embodiment, R1b is hydrogen. In one embodiment, R1b is C1-3 alkyl optionally substituted with one or more deuterium or halogen (e.g., F) . In one embodiment, R1b is methyl. In one embodiment, R1b is ethyl.
[0172] In one embodiment, R1c is hydrogen. In one embodiment, R1c is C1-3 alkyl optionally substituted with one or more deuterium or halogen (e.g., F) . In one embodiment, R1c is methyl.
[0173] In one embodiment, R1d is hydrogen. In one embodiment, R1d is C1-3 alkyl, C3-6 cycloalkyl, or 4-to 6-membered heterocyclyl. In one embodiment, the alkyl, cycloalkyl, or heterocyclyl is optionally substituted with one or more deuterium, halogen (e.g., F) , CN, OH, C1-3 alkyl (e.g., CH3) , C1-3 alkoxy (e.g., OCH3) , NH2, NH (C1-4 alkyl) (e.g., NHCH3) , N (C1-4 alkyl) 2 (e.g., N (CH3) 2) , C3-6 cycloalkyl (e.g., cyclopropyl) optionally substituted with one or more deuterium, halogen (e.g., F) , or CH3, or 4-to 6-membered heterocyclyl optionally substituted with one or more deuterium, halogen (e.g., F) , or CH3. In one embodiment, R1d is methyl. In one embodiment, R1d is methyl (or ethyl) substituted with one or more deuterium, halogen (e.g., F) , CN, OH, C1-3 alkoxy (e.g., OCH3) , NH2, NH (C1-4 alkyl) (e.g., NHCH3) , N (C1-4 alkyl) 2 (e.g., N (CH3) 2) , C3-6 cycloalkyl (e.g., cyclopropyl) optionally substituted with one or more deuterium, halogen (e.g., F) , or CH3, or 4-to 6-membered heterocyclyl optionally substituted with one or more deuterium, halogen (e.g., F) , or CH3. In one embodiment, R1d is C3-6 cycloalkyl (e.g., cyclopropyl) optionally substituted with one or more deuterium, halogen (e.g., F) , or CH3. In one embodiment, R1d is 4-to 6-membered heterocyclyl optionally substituted with one or more deuterium, halogen (e.g., F) , or CH3.
[0174] In one embodiment, R1e is hydrogen. In one embodiment, R1e is C1-3 alkyl optionally substituted with one or more deuterium or halogen (e.g., F) . In one embodiment, R1e is methyl. In one embodiment, R1e is ethyl.
[0175] In one embodiment, the compound is a compound of Formula (IV-80) , (IV-81) , (IV-82) , (IV-83) , (IV-84) , (IV-85) , (IV-86) , (IV-87) , (IV-88) , (IV-89) , (IV-90) , (IV-91) , (IV-92) , (IV-93) , (IV-94) , (IV-95) , (IV-96) , (IV-97) , or (IV-98) : or a stereoisomer, a mixture of stereoisomers, tautomer, isotopologue, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
[0176] In one embodiment, the moiety in any formula provided herein (e.g., Formulas (IV-1) to (IV-98) ) is replaced by other Ring B1 groups provided herein, such as and any other specific Ring B1 group from any specific compound provided herein (e.g., the compounds in Table 1, Table S1, Table 1A, and Examples) . All of the formulas resulted from the replacement are provided herein.
[0177] In one embodiment, the ring E moiety in any formula provided herein (e.g., Formulas (IV-1) to (IV-79) ) is replaced by other R1 groups provided herein, such as and any other specific R1 group from any specific compound provided herein (e.g., the compounds in Table 1, Table S1, Table 1A, and Examples) . All of the formulas resulted from the replacement are provided herein.
[0178] In one embodiment, Rb0 is H. In one embodiment, Rb0 is Rb (any Rb as described herein) . In one embodiment, each instance of Rb0 is independently H, deuterium, halogen, C1-3 alkyl (e.g., methyl) optionally substituted with one or more deuterium or halogen (e.g., F) , or cyclopropyl optionally substituted with one or more deuterium or halogen (e.g., F) .
[0179] In one embodiment of in any of the formulas provided herein, the Rb0 on the nitrogen is C1-3 alkyl optionally substituted with one or more deuterium or halogen (e.g., F) or cyclopropyl optionally substituted with one or more deuterium or halogen (e.g., F) ; and the Rb0 on the carbon is H, deuterium, halogen, or C1-3 alkyl optionally substituted with one or more deuterium or halogen (e.g., F) . In one embodiment, the Rb0 on the nitrogen is methyl optionally substituted with one or more deuterium or halogen (e.g., F) or cyclopropyl optionally substituted with one or more deuterium or halogen (e.g., F) ; and the Rb0 on the carbon is H, deuterium, halogen, or methyl optionally substituted with one or more deuterium or halogen (e.g., F) .
[0180] In one embodiment, the compound is a compound of Formula (VI-1) , (VI-2) , (VI-3) , (VI-4) , (VI-5) , (VI-6) , (VI-7) , or (VI-8) : or a stereoisomer, a mixture of stereoisomers, tautomer, isotopologue, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
[0181] In one embodiment, X7 is C. In one embodiment, X7 is N.
[0182] In one embodiment, m is 0 (Rf is absent) . In one embodiment, m is 1. In one embodiment, m is 2. In one embodiment, m is 3. In one embodiment, m is 4. In one embodiment, m is 5.
[0183] In one embodiment, Ring A is optionally substituted with one or more (e.g., 1, 2, or 3) Ra.
[0184] In one embodiment, Ring A is optionally substituted with one or more (e.g., 1, 2, or 3) Ra, and wherein the attachment to the left is toward M1. In one embodiment, Ring A is optionally substituted with one or more (e.g., 1, 2, or 3) Ra, and wherein the attachment to the left is toward M1. In one embodiment, Ring A is optionally substituted with one or more (e.g., 1, 2, or 3) Ra.
[0185] In one embodiment, Ra is deuterium. In one embodiment, Ra is halogen.
[0186] In one embodiment, Ra is C1-4 alkyl. In one embodiment, Ra is methyl. In one embodiment, Ra is ethyl. In one embodiment, Ra is C3 alkyl. In one embodiment, Ra is C4 alkyl. In one embodiment, the alkyl (in Ra) is unsubstituted. In one embodiment, the alkyl (in Ra) is substituted. In one embodiment, the alkyl (in Ra) is substituted with one or more oxo, deuterium, halogen, OH, or CN.
[0187] In one embodiment, Ra is 3-to 6-membered ring. In one embodiment, Ra is 3-membered, 4-membered, 5-membered, or 6-membered ring. In one embodiment, the ring (in Ra) is C3-6 cycloalkyl. In one embodiment, the ring (in Ra) is C3, C4, C5, or C6 cycloalkyl. In one embodiment, the ring (in Ra) is 3 to 6-membered heterocyclyl. In one embodiment, the ring (in Ra) is 3 to 6-membered heterocyclyl having 1–3 heteroatoms selected from O, N, or S on the ring. In one embodiment, the ring (in Ra) is 3-membered, 4-membered, 5-membered, or 6-membered heterocyclyl. In one embodiment, the ring (in Ra) is 5 to 6-membered heteroaryl. In one embodiment, the ring (in Ra) is 5 to 6-membered heteroaryl having 1–3 heteroatoms selected from O, N, or S on the ring. In one embodiment, the ring (in Ra) is phenyl. In one embodiment, the ring (in Ra) is unsubstituted. In one embodiment, the ring (in Ra) is substituted. In one embodiment, the ring (in Ra) is substituted with one or more oxo, deuterium, halogen, OH, CN, C1-4 alkyl, or C1-4 heteroalkyl.
[0188] In one embodiment, two instances of Ra, together with the intervening atom (s) , form an optionally substituted 3-to 6-membered ring (e.g., C3-6 cycloalkyl or 3 to 6-membered heterocyclyl) . In one embodiment, the ring (formed by two instances of Ra) forms a spiro ring with Ring A. In one embodiment, the ring (formed by two instances of Ra) forms a fused ring with Ring A. In one embodiment, the ring (formed by two instances of Ra) forms a bridged ring with Ring A. In one embodiment, the ring (formed by two instances of Ra) is unsubstituted. In one embodiment, the ring (formed by two instances of Ra) is substituted. In one embodiment, the ring (formed by two instances of Ra) is substituted with one or more oxo, deuterium, halogen, OH, CN, C1-4 alkyl, or C1-4 heteroalkyl.
[0189] In one embodiment, at least one Ra is oxo. In one embodiment, one Ra is oxo.
[0190] In one embodiment, Ring A is In one embodiment, Ring A is In one embodiment, Ring A is In one embodiment, Ring A is In one embodiment, Ring A is
[0191] In one embodiment, B is H.
[0192] In one embodiment, B is C1-3 alkyl. In one embodiment, B substituted C1-3 alkyl. In one embodiment, B is C1-3 alkyl substituted with a hydrogen bond acceptor. In one embodiment, the hydrogen bond acceptor in the alkyl (of B) is 2-to 4-bond away from Y.. In one embodiment, the hydrogen bond acceptor in the alkyl (of B) is O, oxo, N, or S (O) 2. In one embodiment, B is C1-3 alkyl substituted with one or more oxo, deuterium, halogen, OH, CN, C1-4 heteroalkyl, -S (O) 2 (C1-4 alkyl) , CO (C1-4 alkyl) , CONH (C1-4 alkyl) , CON (C1-4 alkyl) 2, NH, NH (C1-4 alkyl) , N (C1-4 alkyl) 2, or 5-to 6-membered heteroaryl. In one embodiment, B is C1-3 alkyl substituted with OH. In one embodiment, B is -CH2CH2OH.
[0193] In one embodiment, B is optionally substituted Ring B. In one embodiment, Ring B is monocyclic ring. In one embodiment, Ring B is a bicyclic ring (e.g., fused, bridged, or spiro bicyclic ring) .
[0194] In one embodiment, a ring atom of Ring B that is alpha to the point of attachment to L (or to Y when L is absent) is a hydrogen-bond acceptor atom or is substituted with a substituent that contains a hydrogen-bond acceptor atom.
[0195] In one embodiment, Ring B is 5 to 12-membered monocyclic or bicyclic heterocyclyl. In one embodiment, Ring B is a 3 to 8-membered monocyclic heterocyclyl. In one embodiment, Ring B is a 3 to 6-membered monocyclic heterocyclyl. In one embodiment, Ring B is a 3 to 6-membered nitrogen-containing monocyclic heterocyclyl. In one embodiment, Ring B is a 5 to 6-membered monocyclic heterocyclyl. In one embodiment, Ring B is a 5 to 6-membered nitrogen-containing heterocyclyl. In one embodiment, the heterocyclyl (in Ring B) is unsubstituted. In one embodiment, heterocyclyl is substituted. In one embodiment, the heterocyclyl is substituted with one or more (e.g., 1, 2, or 3) Rb.
[0196] In one embodiment, Ring B is a 6 to 12-membered bicyclic heterocyclyl. In one embodiment, Ring B is a 6 to 12-membered spiro heterocyclyl. In one embodiment, Ring B is a 6 to 12-membered nitrogen-containing spiro heterocyclyl. In one embodiment, Ring B is a 6 to 12-membered fused heterocyclyl. In one embodiment, Ring B is a 6 to 12-membered nitrogen-containing fused heterocyclyl. In one embodiment, Ring B is a 6 to 12-membered bridged heterocyclyl. In one embodiment, Ring B is a 6 to 12-membered nitrogen-containing bridged heterocyclyl. In one embodiment, Ring B is 8 to 10-membered bicyclic heterocyclyl. In one embodiment, the heterocyclyl (in Ring B) is unsubstituted. In one embodiment, the heterocyclyl is substituted. In one embodiment, the heterocyclyl is substituted with one or more (e.g., 1, 2, or 3) Rb.
[0197] In one embodiment, Ring B is 5 to 12-membered monocyclic or bicyclic heteroaryl. In one embodiment, Ring B is a 5 to 6-membered heteroaryl. In one embodiment, Ring B is a 5 to 6-membered heteroaryl having 1–4 heteroatoms selected from O, N, or S on the ring. In one embodiment, Ring B is a 5-membered heteroaryl. In one embodiment, Ring B is a 5-membered nitrogen-containing heteroaryl. In one embodiment, Ring B is a 6-membered heteroaryl. In one embodiment, Ring B is a 6-membered nitrogen-containing heteroaryl. In one embodiment, Ring B is imidazolyl, pyridyl, pyrazolyl, pyridazinyl, pyrimidinyl, triazinyl, pyrazinyl, triazolyl, oxazolyl, or thiazolyl. In one embodiment, Ring B is 8 to 12-membered bicyclic heteroaryl. In one embodiment, Ring B is 8 to 10-membered bicyclic heteroaryl. In one embodiment, Ring B is 8 to 10-membered fused bicyclic heteroaryl.
[0198] In one embodiment, the heteroaryl (in Ring B) is unsubstituted. In one embodiment, the heteroaryl is substituted. In one embodiment, the heteroaryl is substituted with one or more (e.g., 1, 2, or 3) Rb.
[0199] In one embodiment, Ring B is C6-10 aryl. In one embodiment, Ring B is phenyl. In one embodiment, Ring B is naphthyl. In one embodiment, the aryl (in Ring B) is unsubstituted. In one embodiment, the aryl is substituted. In one embodiment, the aryl is substituted with one or more (e.g., 1, 2, or 3) Rb.
[0200] In one embodiment, Ring B is 5-to 10-membered monocyclic or bicyclic heteroaryl or heterocyclyl, or phenyl, each of which is optionally substituted with one or more (e.g., 1, 2, or 3) Rb. In one embodiment, Ring B is 5-membered heteroaryl, optionally substituted with one or more (e.g., 1, 2, or 3) Rb. In one embodiment, Ring B is 6-membered heteroaryl, optionally substituted with one or more (e.g., 1, 2, or 3) Rb. In one embodiment, Ring B is 8 to 10-membered bicyclic heteroaryl or heterocyclyl, optionally substituted with one or more (e.g., 1, 2, or 3) Rb.
[0201] In one embodiment, Ring B is wherein Ring B1 is 5-membered heteroaryl, optionally substituted with one or more (e.g., 1, 2, or 3) Rb, and Z1 is N (OH) , C (OH) , -C (=O) , N-O-, or C-O-. In one embodiment, Ring B is wherein Ring B1 is 6-membered heteroaryl, optionally substituted with one or more (e.g., 1, 2, or 3) Rb, and Z1 is N (OH) , C (OH) , -C (=O) , N-O-, or C-O-.
[0202] In one embodiment, each instance of Rb is independently deuterium, halogen, OH, oxo, CN, amido, sulfonyl, sulfonamide, optionally substituted C1-4 alkyl, optionally substituted C1-4 heteroalkyl, or optionally substituted 5-to 6-membered heteroaryl (or optionally substituted C3-6 cycloalkyl) ; or two adjacent Rb, together with the intervening atom (s) , form an optionally substituted 3-to 6-membered ring.
[0203] In one embodiment, each instance of Rb is independently deuterium, halogen, OH, oxo, CN, optionally substituted C1-4 alkyl, or optionally substituted C1-4 heteroalkyl (or optionally substituted C3-6 cycloalkyl) .
[0204] In one embodiment, Rb is oxo. In one embodiment, Rb is deuterium. In one embodiment, Rb is halogen. In one embodiment, Rb is OH. In one embodiment, Rb is CN.
[0205] In one embodiment, Rb is C1-4 alkyl. In one embodiment, Rb is methyl. In one embodiment, Rb is ethyl. In one embodiment, Rb is C3 alkyl. In one embodiment, Rb is C4 alkyl. In one embodiment, the alkyl (in Rb) is unsubstituted. In one embodiment, the alkyl (in Rb) is substituted. In one embodiment, the alkyl (in Rb) is substituted with one or more oxo, deuterium, halogen, OH, or CN (or cyclopropyl) . In one embodiment, Rb is cyclopropylmethyl.
[0206] In one embodiment, Rb is optionally substituted C3-6 cycloalkyl. In one embodiment, Rb is cyclopropyl.
[0207] In one embodiment, Rb is C1-4 heteroalkyl. In one embodiment, Rb is C1 heteroalkyl. In one embodiment, Rb is C2 heteroalkyl. In one embodiment, Rb is C3 heteroalkyl. In one embodiment, Rb is C4 heteroalkyl. In one embodiment, the heteroalkyl (in Rb) is haloalkyl. In one embodiment, the heteroalkyl is alkoxy. In one embodiment, the heteroalkyl contains one or more heteroatoms independently selected from O, N, or S. In one embodiment, the heteroalkyl (in Rb) is unsubstituted. In one embodiment, the heteroalkyl (in Rb) is substituted.
[0208] In one embodiment, Rb is optionally substituted 5-to 6-membered heteroaryl. In one embodiment, Rb is tetrazolyl.
[0209] In one embodiment, two adjacent Rb on Ring B1, together with the intervening atom (s) , form an optionally substituted 3-to 6-membered ring (e.g., a 5-to 6-membered heteroaryl, or phenyl) .
[0210] In one embodiment, Z1 is N (OH) . In one embodiment, Z1 is C (OH) . In one embodiment, Z1 is C (=O) . In one embodiment, Z1 is N-O-. In one embodiment, Z1 is C-O-.
[0211] In one embodiment, Ring B1 is a 5-membered heteroaryl. In one embodiment, Ring B1 is a 5-membered heteroaryl containing one nitrogen ring atom. In one embodiment, Ring B1 is a 5-membered heteroaryl containing two nitrogen ring atoms. In one embodiment, Ring B1 is a 5-membered heteroaryl containing three nitrogen ring atoms. In one embodiment, Ring B1 does not contain non-nitrogen ring heteroatom. In one embodiment, Ring B1 further contains one non-nitrogen ring heteroatom (e.g., O or S) . In one embodiment, Ring B1 is pyrrolyl. In one embodiment, Ring B1 is pyrazolyl. In one embodiment, Ring B1 is triazolyl (e.g., 1, 2, 3-triazolyl or 1, 2, 4-triazolyl) . In one embodiment, Ring B1 is imidazolyl. In one embodiment, Ring B1 is oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, thiazolyl, or isothiazolyl.
[0212] In one embodiment, Ring B1 is each of which is optionally substituted with one or more (e.g., 1, 2, or 3) Rb.
[0213] In one embodiment, Ring B1 is: In one embodiment, Ring B1 is
[0214] In one embodiment, Ring B1 is 6-membered heteroaryl. In one embodiment, Ring B1 is pyridinyl (e.g., 2-pyridinyl, 3-pyridinyl, or 4-pyridinyl) . In one embodiment, Ring B1 is pyrimidinyl (e.g., 2-pyrimidinyl, 3-pyrimidinyl, or 4-pyrimidinyl) . In one embodiment, Ring B1 is pyrazinyl. In one embodiment, Ring B1 is pyridazinyl.
[0215] In one embodiment, Ring B1 is each of which is optionally substituted with one or more (e.g., 1, 2, or 3) Rb. In one embodiment, Ring B1 is optionally substituted with one or more (e.g., 1, 2, or 3) Rb. In one embodiment, Ring B1 is optionally substituted with one or more (e.g., 1, 2, or 3) Rb.
[0216] In one embodiment, Ring B1 is: In one embodiment, Ring B1 is In one embodiment, Ring B1 is In one embodiment, Ring B1 is In one embodiment, Ring B1 is In one embodiment, Ring B1 is
[0217] In one embodiment, Y is -C (O) -. In one embodiment, Y is -S (O) -. In one embodiment, Y is -S (O) 2-. In one embodiment, Y is -S (O) (=NH) - (i.e., ) .
[0218] In one embodiment, Y is absent.
[0219] In one embodiment, Y is 5-to 6-membered heteroarylene. In one embodiment, Y is 5-membered heteroarylene. In one embodiment, Y is 6-membered heteroarylene. In one embodiment, Y is a 5 to 6-membered heteroarylene containing one or more nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur ring atoms. In one embodiment, Ring A is a 5-to 6-membered nitrogen-containing heteroarylene. In one embodiment, Y is imidazole ring. In one embodiment, Y is triazole ring. In one embodiment, the heteroarylene (in Y) is unsubstituted. In one embodiment, the heteroarylene is substituted. In one embodiment, the heterocyclylene is substituted with one or more (e.g., 1, 2, or 3) Ra, as valency permits. In one embodiment, -Y-Ring B1 is In one embodiment, -LA1-A-LA2-Y-Ring B1 is
[0220] In one embodiment, Y is 5-to 6-membered heterocyclylene. In one embodiment, Y is 5-membered heterocyclylene. In one embodiment, Y is 6-membered heterocyclylene. In one embodiment, Y is 5-to 6-membered heterocyclylene containing one or more nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur ring atoms. In one embodiment, the heterocyclylene is saturated. In one embodiment, the heterocyclylene is partially unsaturated. In one embodiment, the heterocyclylene (in Y) is unsubstituted. In one embodiment, the heterocyclylene is substituted. In one embodiment, the heterocyclylene is substituted with one or more (e.g., 1, 2, or 3) Ra, as valency permits.
[0221] In one embodiment, Ring C-Ring D together (or Ring C1-Ring D1 together) is each of which is optionally substituted with one or more (e.g., 1, 2, or 3) Rc and / or one or more (e.g., 1, 2, or 3) Rd and / or L-B. In one embodiment, Ring C-Ring D together (or Ring C2-Ring D2 together) is each of which is optionally substituted with one or more (e.g., 1, 2, or 3) Rc and / or one or more (e.g., 1, 2, or 3) Rd and / or L-B. In one embodiment, Ring C-Ring D together (or Ring C2-Ring D2 together) is each of which is optionally substituted with one or more (e.g., 1, 2, or 3) Rc and / or one or more (e.g., 1, 2, or 3) Rd and / or L-B. In one embodiment, Ring C-Ring D together is In one embodiment, Ring C-Ring D together is In one embodiment, Ring C-Ring D together is
[0222] In one embodiment, R1 (or Ring E) is monocyclic ring. In one embodiment, R1 (or Ring E) is fused, bridged, or spiro bicyclic ring.
[0223] In one embodiment, R1 (or Ring E) is C4-6 cycloalkenyl. In one embodiment, R1 is C4 cycloalkenyl. In one embodiment, R1 is C5 cycloalkenyl. In one embodiment, R1 is C6 cycloalkenyl. In one embodiment, R1 is cyclopropenyl, cyclobutenyl, cyclopentenyl, cyclohexenyl, cycloheptenyl, cyclooctenyl. In one embodiment, the cycloalkenyl (in R1) is unsubstituted. In one embodiment, the cycloalkenyl (in R1) is substituted. In one embodiment, the cycloalkenyl (in R1) is substituted with one or more Re.
[0224] In one embodiment, R1 or Ring E is 4-to 6-membered heterocyclyl. In one embodiment, R1 or Ring E is 4-membered heterocyclyl. In one embodiment, R1 or Ring E is 5-membered heterocyclyl. In one embodiment, R1 or Ring E is 6-membered heterocyclyl. In one embodiment, R1 or Ring E is 4-to 6-membered heterocyclyl having 1–3 ring heteroatoms independently selected from N, O, or S. In one embodiment, R1 or Ring E is 4-to 6-membered nitrogen-containing heterocyclyl. In one embodiment, R1 or Ring E is 4-to 6-membered oxygen-containing heterocyclyl. In one embodiment, R1 or Ring E is 4-to 6-membered nitrogen-containing heterocyclyl, and nitrogen is the only type of heteroatom contained in the heterocyclyl. In one embodiment, Ring A or Ring E is 4-to 6-membered oxygen-containing heterocyclyl, and oxygen is the only type of heteroatom contained in the heterocyclyl. In one embodiment, the heterocyclyl (in R1 or Ring E) is saturated. In one embodiment, the heterocyclyl is partially unsaturated. In one embodiment, the heterocyclyl (in R1 or Ring E) is unsubstituted. In one embodiment, the heterocyclyl is substituted. In one embodiment, the heterocyclyl is substituted with one or more Re.
[0225] In one embodiment, R1 (or Ring E) is 5-to 6-membered heteroaryl. In one embodiment, R1 (or Ring E) is a 5 to 6-membered heteroaryl having 1–4 heteroatoms selected from O, N, or S on the ring. In one embodiment, R1 (or Ring E) is a 5-membered heteroaryl. In one embodiment, R1 (or Ring E) is a 5-membered nitrogen-containing heteroaryl (e.g. pyrazolyl) . In one embodiment, R1 (or Ring E) is a 6-membered heteroaryl. In one embodiment, R1 (or Ring E) is a 6-membered nitrogen-containing heteroaryl (e.g. pyridinyl, e.g., 2-pyridinyl, 3-pyridinyl, or 4-pyridinyl) . In one embodiment, the heteroaryl (in R1 or Ring E) is unsubstituted. In one embodiment, the heteroaryl is substituted. In one embodiment, the heteroaryl is substituted with one or more Re.
[0226] In one embodiment, R1 (or Ring E) is phenyl. In one embodiment, the phenyl (in R1) is unsubstituted. In one embodiment, the phenyl is substituted. In one embodiment, the phenyl is substituted with one or more Re.
[0227] In one embodiment, R1 is C2-6 alkenyl. In one embodiment, R1 is C2-4 alkenyl. In one embodiment, R1 is ethenyl or vinyl. In one embodiment, R1 is C3 alkenyl. In one embodiment, R1 is prop-1-enyl. In one embodiment, R1 is allyl. In one embodiment, R1 is C4 alkenyl. In one embodiment, R1 is but-1-enyl. In one embodiment, the alkenyl (in R1) is unsubstituted. In one embodiment, the alkenyl is substituted. In one embodiment, the alkenyl is substituted with one or more Re. In one embodiment, R1 is
[0228] In one embodiment, R1 is C2-6 alkynyl. In one embodiment, R1 is C2-4 alkynyl. In one embodiment, R1 is ethynyl. In one embodiment, R1 is propargyl. In one embodiment, Ra1 is C3 alkynyl. In one embodiment, Ra1 is C4 alkynyl. In one embodiment, the alkynyl (in R1) is unsubstituted. In one embodiment, the alkyl is substituted. In one embodiment, the alkynyl is substituted with one or more Re. In one embodiment, R1 is
[0229] In one embodiment, R1 is optionally substituted amino. In one embodiment, R1 is
[0230] In one embodiment, R1 is C1-6 alkoxy. In one embodiment, R1 is C1-3 alkoxy. In one embodiment, R1 is methoxy. In one embodiment, R1 is ethoxy. In one embodiment, the alkoxy (in R1) is unsubstituted. In one embodiment, the alkoxy is substituted. In one embodiment, the alkoxy is substituted with one or more Re. In one embodiment, R1 is
[0231] In one embodiment, each instance of Re independently oxo, deuterium, halogen, CN, OH, C1-3 alkyl, C1-3 haloalkyl, C1-3 alkoxy, -CO (C1-3 alkyl) , - (C1-3 alkylene) -CO (C1-3 alkyl) , or - (C1-3 alkylene) -CO2 (C1-3 alkyl) (or C3-8 cycloalkyl) . In one embodiment, each instance of Re is independently oxo, deuterium, halogen, CN, OH, C1-3 alkyl, C1-3 haloalkyl, or C1-3 alkoxy (or C3-8 cycloalkyl) . In one embodiment, each instance of Re is independently oxo, deuterium, halogen, CN, or OH (or cyclopropyl) . In one embodiment, R1 is substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 Re as valency permits.
[0232] In one embodiment, R1 (or Ring E) is C4-6 cycloalkenyl, or 4-to 6-membered heterocyclyl, wherein the cycloalkenyl and heterocyclyl are optionally substituted with one or more oxo, deuterium, halogen, CN, OH, C1-3 alkyl, C1-3 haloalkyl, or C1-3 alkoxy (or C3-8 cycloalkyl) . In one embodiment, R1 (or Ring E) is 5-to 6-membered heteroaryl, or phenyl, wherein the heteroaryl and phenyl are optionally substituted with one or more oxo, deuterium, halogen, CN, OH, C1-3 alkyl, C1-3 haloalkyl, C1-3 alkoxy, or C3-8 cycloalkyl. In one embodiment, the alkyl is optionally substituted with one or more deuterium, halogen, OH, or -N (C1-3 alkyl) -O (C1-3 alkyl) .
[0233] In one embodiment, R1 (or Ring E) is 4-to 6-membered heterocyclyl having 1–3 ring heteroatoms independently selected from N, O, or S, wherein the heterocyclyl is saturated or partially unsaturated, and wherein the heterocyclyl is optionally substituted with one or more oxo, deuterium, halogen, CN, or OH (or CH3, or OCH3, or cyclopropyl, or -C (CH3) 2OH, or -CH2-N (CH3) -O (CH3) ) . In one embodiment, R1 (or Ring E) is 5-to 6-membered heteroaryl having 1–3 ring heteroatoms independently selected from N, O, or S, or phenyl, wherein the heteroaryl and phenyl are optionally substituted with one or more oxo, deuterium, halogen, CN, OH, CH3, OCH3, or cyclopropyl (or -C (CH3) 2OH, or -CH2-N (CH3) -O (CH3) ) .
[0234] In one embodiment, the point of attachment of R1 (or Ring E) to M7 is a nitrogen. In one embodiment, the point of attachment of R1 (or Ring E) to M7 is a sp2 carbon (e.g., a carbon in a carbon-carbon double bond a carbon-nitrogen double bond) .
[0235] In one embodiment, R1 or Ring E is In one embodiment, R1 or Ring E is In one embodiment, R1 or Ring E is In one embodiment, R1 or Ring E is In one embodiment, R1 or Ring E is In one embodiment, R1 or Ring E is In one embodiment, R1 or Ring E is
[0236] In one embodiment, R1 is In one embodiment, R1 is In one embodiment, R1 is -CH3. In one embodiment, R1 is -CF3.
[0237] In one embodiment, R2 or is wherein Rfp is halogen, C1-3 alkyl, C1-3 haloalkyl, SF5, or C (O) H; each instance of Rf is independently deuterium, halogen, C1-3 alkyl, or C1-3 haloalkyl; and m is an integer from 0 to 4 as valency permits.
[0238] In one embodiment, R2 or is In one embodiment, R2 or is In one embodiment, R2 or In one embodiment, R2 or is In one embodiment, R2 or is
[0239] In one embodiment, R4 is H. In one embodiment, R4 is deuterium. In one embodiment, R4 is halogen. In one embodiment, R4 is C1-4 alkyl optionally substituted with one or more deuterium or halogen (e.g., F) . In one embodiment, R4 is methyl. In one embodiment, R4 is ethyl.
[0240] In one embodiment, the compound is a compound in Table 1, or a stereoisomer, a mixture of stereoisomers, tautomer, isotopologue, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. Table 1.
[0241] In one embodiment, the compound is a compound in Table S1, or a stereoisomer, a mixture of stereoisomers, tautomer, isotopologue, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. Table S1.
[0242] In one embodiment, the compound is a compound in Table 1A, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. Table 1A.
[0243] The compounds provide herein may have one or more chiral centers. As described herein and unless otherwise specified, when the structure of a compound provided herein shows “or1” at the chiral center, it means the compound is an enantiomer at the chiral center, but it does not necessarily mean the absolute stereochemistry between the two enantiomers at the chiral center has been determined. As described herein and unless otherwise specified, when the structure of a compound provided herein shows “&1” at two chiral centers, it means the compound is a racemic mixture at each chiral center, but the relative stereochemistry between the two chiral centers is as displayed. For example, a structure moiety like refers to a mixture of i.e., the compound is a racemic mixture at each of the two chiral centers, but the relative stereochemistry between R11 and R12 remains as cis-configuration as displayed. A person of ordinary skill in the art can understand whether a compound is an enantiomer or a racemic mixture and / or whether the absolute stereochemistry has been determined based on the description provided herein, e.g., the synthetic Examples for the compound.
[0244] As described herein and unless otherwise specified, when the structure of a compound provided herein shows a wavy bond at the chiral center (or R / S-stereochemistry at the chiral center is specified in the chemical name of a compound provided herein) , it means the compound is an enantiomer at the chiral center, but the stereochemistry is not specified. A wavy bond is often used when only one enantiomer was prepared. As described herein and unless otherwise specified, when the structure of a compound provided herein shows only straight bonds at the chiral center (or the chemical name of a compound provided herein mentions (±) -mixture, racemic mixture, or does not mention stereochemistry) , it means the compound is a racemic mixture at the chiral center. A person of ordinary skill in the art can understand whether a compound is an enantiomer or a racemic mixture and / or whether the absolute stereochemistry has been determined based on the description provided herein, e.g., the synthetic Examples for the compound.
[0245] The compounds provide herein may have one or more chiral center (s) , e.g., at T1 and T2. As described herein and unless otherwise specified, when the structure of a compound provided herein shows a wedge bond or dash bond at those chiral center (s) (or R-or S-stereochemistry at those chiral center (s) is specified in the chemical name of a compound provided herein) , it means those chiral center (s) has the stereochemistry as displayed or described. A person of ordinary skill in the art can understand whether the absolute stereochemistry has been determined at those chiral center (s) based on the description provided herein, e.g., the synthetic Examples for the compound.
[0246] In one embodiment, the compounds provided herein are WRN inhibitors that reduce the level of WRN protein and / or inhibit or reduce at least one biological activity of WRN protein.
[0247] In one embodiment, the compounds provided herein specifically bind to WRN protein.
[0248] In one embodiment, the compounds provided herein inhibit WRN activity with an IC50 of about 1 pM to about 50 μM, or about 1 pM to about 1 μM, about 1 pM to about 500 nM, or about 1 pM to about 100 nM. In one embodiment, the compounds provided herein inhibit WRN activity with an IC50 of about 1 pM to about 50 μM, about 1 nM to about 50 μM, about 1 μM to about 50 μM, about 1 μM to about 40 μM, about 1 μM to about 30 μM, about 1 μM to about 20 μM, or about 1 μM to about 10 μM, about 1 μM, about 5 μM, about 10 μM, about 20 μM, about 30 μM, about 40 μM, or about 50 μM. In some embodiment, the compounds provided herein inhibit WRN activity with an IC50 of about 0.1 nM to about 100 nM, about 0.1 nM to about 90 nM, about 0.1 nM to about 80 nM, about 0.1 nM to about 70 nM, about 0.1 nM to about 60 nM, about 1 nM to about 50 nM, about 1 nM to about 40 nM, about 1 nM to about 30 nM, about 1 nM to about 20 nM, about 1 nM to about 10 nM, about 10 nM to about 100 nM, about 20 nM to about 100 nM, about 30 nM to about 100 nM, about 40 nM to about 100 nM, about 50 nM to about 100 nM, about 60 nM to about 100 nM, about 70 nM to about 100 nM, about 80 nM to about 100 nM, about 90 nM to about 100 nM, about 0.1 nM, about 0.5 nM, about 1 nM, about 2 nM, about 3 nM, about 4 nM, about 5 nM, about 6 nM, about 7 nM, about 8 nM, about 9 nM, about 10 nM, about 20 nM, about 30 nM, about 40 nM, about 50 nM, about 60 nM, about 70 nM, about 80 nM, about 90 nM, or about 100 nM. In one embodiment, the compounds provided herein inhibit WRN activity with an ICso of less than 1 μM, less than 500 nM, less than 100 nM, less than 10 nM, less than 8 nM, less than 6 nM, less than 4 nM, less than 2 nM, less than 1 nM, or less than 0.5 nM. In one embodiment, the compounds provided herein inhibit WRN activity with an IC50 of less than 2 nM. METHODS OF USE
[0249] In one embodiment, provided herein is a method of modulating WRN activity in a subject, wherein the method comprises contacting the subject with a compound provided herein or a pharmaceutically composition provided herein. In one embodiment, the contacting is performed in vivo or in vitro. In one embodiment, the method reduces WRN activity in the subject by at least about 50%, at least about 60%, at least about 70%, at least about 80%, at least about 90%, at least about 95%, or at least about 99%.
[0250] In one embodiment, the compounds provided herein can be used to inhibit the activity of a WRN protein. In one embodiment, provided herein is a method of inhibiting a WRN protein comprises contacting the WRN protein with a compound provided herein. The contacting can occur in vitro or in vivo. In one embodiment, the contacting occurs in a subject suffering from a WRN protein mediated disease or disorder.
[0251] In one embodiment, the compounds provided herein can be used to treat a WRN protein mediated disease or disorder. In one embodiment, provided herein is a method of treating a WRN protein mediated disease or disorder, comprising administering to a subject having the disease or disorder a therapeutically effective amount of a compound provided herein or a pharmaceutical composition provided herein. A WRN protein mediated disease or disorder is any pathological condition in which a WRN protein is known to play a role. In one embodiment, a WRN protein mediated disease or disorder is a proliferative disease such as cancer. In one embodiment, the cancer is microsatellite unstable cancer. In one embodiment, the cancer is characterized as microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H) . In one embodiment, the cancer is characterized as mismatch repair deficient (dMMR) . Methods of identifying MSI-H or dMMR tumor status for patients are known in the art, such as by using, e.g., polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests for MSI-H status or immunohistochemistry (IHC) tests for dMMR. In one embodiment, the WRN mediated disease or disorder is Bloom Syndrome or Rothmund-Thompson Syndrome.
[0252] In one embodiment, provided herein is a method of treating a cancer, comprising administering to a subject having the cancer a therapeutically effective amount of a compound provided herein or a pharmaceutical composition provided herein. In one embodiment, the cancer is associated with WRN protein. In one embodiment, the cancer is characterized as microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H) . In one embodiment, the cancer is characterized as mismatch repair deficient (dMMR) .
[0253] In one embodiment, the cancer is colorectal cancer, gastric cancer, endometrial cancer, adrenocortical cancer, uterine cancer, cervical cancer, esophageal cancer, breast cancer, kidney cancer, stomach cancer, bladder cancer, prostate cancer, ovarian cancer, or leukemia. In one embodiment, the cancer is colorectal cancer. In one embodiment, the cancer is metastatic colorectal cancer. In one embodiment, the cancer is breast cancer. In one embodiment, the cancer is gastric cancer. In one embodiment, the cancer is intestinal neoplasm. In one embodiment, the cancer is digestive system neoplasm. In one embodiment, the cancer is prostate cancer. In one embodiment, the cancer is endometrial cancer. In one embodiment, the cancer is stomach cancer. In one embodiment, the cancer is blader cancer. In one embodiment, the cancer is leukemia. In one embodiment, the cancer is human T-cell leukemia.
[0254] In one embodiment, a compound provided herein is used in combination with one or more additional therapeutic agents to treat cancer in a subject. In one embodiment, the additional therapeutic agent is one or more of a chemotherapy or immunotherapy. In one embodiment, the subject has been previously treated by one or more cancer therapies, such as chemotherapy or immunotherapy. In one embodiment, the subject has been previously treated by an immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy.
[0255] In one embodiment, compounds provided herein are provided for use as a medicament or are provided for use in preparing a medicament, e.g., for the treatment of cancer. In one embodiment, compounds provided herein are provided for use in a method for the treatment of cancer. PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSITIONS
[0256] Also provided herein are pharmaceutical compositions comprising a compound provided herein and a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.
[0257] In one embodiment, a pharmaceutical composition provided herein comprises the compounds described herein and one or more of diluents, lubricants, binders, disintegrants, surfactants, absorbents, colorants, flavors, or sweeteners.
[0258] In one embodiment, a pharmaceutical composition provided herein may be orally administered in any orally acceptable dosage form including capsules, tablets, aqueous suspensions or solutions.
[0259] In one embodiment, a pharmaceutical composition provided herein may be prepared as liquid suspensions or solutions using a liquid, such as an oil, water, an alcohol, and combinations of these. In one embodiment, a pharmaceutical composition provided herein may be prepared as a sterile injectable, which may be aqueous or oleaginous suspensions. These suspensions may be formulated according to techniques known in the art.
[0260] In one embodiment, a pharmaceutical composition provided herein may also be administered topically, especially when the target of treatment includes areas or organs readily accessible by topical application, including diseases of the eye, the skin, or the lower intestinal tract. Topical application for the lower intestinal tract is affected in a rectal suppository formulation or in a suitable enema formulation. Topically-transdermal patches may also be used. For topical applications, the pharmaceutical compositions is formulated in a suitable ointment, lotion, or cream containing the active component suspended or dissolved in one or more carriers.
[0261] In one embodiment, pharmaceutical compositions provided herein include all compositions where a compound provided herein is combined with one or more pharmaceutically acceptable carriers. In one embodiment, the compound provided herein is present in the composition in an amount that is effective to achieve its intended therapeutic purpose.
[0262] In one embodiment, a pharmaceutical composition provided herein can be administered to any patient that may experience the beneficial effects of a compound provided herein. In one embodiment, the patients are mammals, e.g., humans and companion animals. In one embodiment, the patient is a human.
[0263] In one embodiment, also provided herein are kits which comprise a compound provided herein (or a composition comprising a compound provided herein) packaged in a manner that facilitates their use to practice methods provided herein. In one embodiment, the kit includes a compound provided herein (or a composition comprising a compound provided herein) packaged in a container, such as a sealed vial, with a label affixed to the container or included in the kit that describes use of the compound or composition to practice the method provided herein. In one embodiment, the compound or composition is packaged in a unit dosage form. In one embodiment, the kit further includes a device suitable for administering the compound or composition according to the intended route of administration. In one embodiment, the kit comprises a compound provided herein, and instructions for administering the compound to a patient having cancer. EXAMPLES SYNTHETIC METHODS Example S1. Preparation of Compound S1
[0264] Separation of Compound S1 by SFC provides 4 isomers: Compound S1A, Compound S1B, Compound S1C, and Compound S1D. Example S2. Preparation of Compound S2 Example S3. Preparation of Compound S3 Example S4. Preparation of Compound S4 Example S5. Preparation of Compound S5 Example S6. Preparation of Compound S6 Example S7. Synthesis of Compound S7 Example S8. Synthesis of Compound S8 Example S9. Synthesis of Compound S9 Example S10. Synthesis of Compound S10. Example S11. Synthesis of Compound S11. Example 1. Synthesis of Compound 1, Compound 2, and Compound 3
[0265] Step-1. tert-butyl piperazine-1-carboxylate (40.0 g, 215 mmol) , K2CO3 (59.4 g, 429 mmol) in MeCN (500 mL) was added with ethyl 2-chloro-3-oxo-butanoate (37.1 g, 226 mmol) in portions, then stirred at 25 ℃ for 12 hours. After completion, the reaction mixture was filtered via a cake of celite. The cake was washed with MeCN (100 mL) . The filtrate was concentrated in vacuum, purified by column chromatography (Ethyl acetate in Petroleum ether from 0 to 15%) to give 1-1 (55.0 g, 175 mmol, 81.5%yield) .
[0266] Step-2. A mixture of 3-bromo-1H-1, 2, 4-triazol-5-amine (39.9 g, 245 mmol) , 1-1 (55.0 g, 175 mmol) , and TsOH·H2O (43.3 g, 227 mmol) was stirred at 80 ℃ for 12 hours, after completion, without further work up or further purification to give 1-2 (Theory Amount 54.8 g, 175 mmol, 100%yield) .
[0267] Step-3. 1-2 (54.8 g, 175 mmol) , TEA (35.4 g, 350 mmol) , DMAP (1.07 g, 8.75 mmol) , Boc2O (42.0 g, 192 mmol) in THF (500 mL) was stirred at 25℃ for 1 hour. After completion, the reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuum, purified by silica gel column chromatography (Ethyl acetate in Petroleum ether from 0 to 100%) to give 1-3 (70.0 g, 169 mmol, 96%yield) .
[0268] Step-4. 1-3 (70.0 g, 169 mmol) in THF (700 mL) was added with NaH (7.45 g, 186 mmol, 60%purity) in portions at 0 ℃, the mixture was stirred at 0 ℃ for 30 min, then SEMCl (33.9 g, 203 mmol) was added. The mixture was stirred at 25 ℃ for 11.5 hours. After completion, the reaction mixture was quenched with sat. aq. NH4Cl (1 L) , extracted with ethyl acetate (1 L x 2) . The combined organic layer was washed with brine (50 mL) , dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated in vacuum and purified by chromatography on a silica gel eluted with petroleum ether in ethyl acetate (from 10%to 35%) to give 1-4 (25.0 g, 46.0 mmol, 27.2%yield) .
[0269] Step-5. 1-4 (15.0 g, 27.6 mmol) in THF (300 mL) was cooled to -78 ℃ under nitrogen, then NaHMDS (2 M, 17.94 mL) was added. The mixture was stirred at -78 ℃ for 30 min, then ethyl (E) -4-bromobut-2-enoate (16.0 g, 82.8 mmol) was added. The mixture was allowed to warm to 25℃ gradually and stirred for 1.5 hours. After completion, the crude reaction mixture was quenched with sat. aq. NH4Cl (400 mL) , extracted with ethyl acetate (400 mL x 2) , the organic layer was washed with brine (400 mL) , dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated in vacuum. The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography (column height: 250 mm, diameter: 100 mm, 100 -200 mesh silica gel, Petroleum ether / Ethyl acetate = 3 / 1) to give 1-5 (17.4 g, 13.3 mmol, 96.2%yield) .
[0270] Step-6. 1-5 (17.4 g, 13.3 mmol) , NiCl2·6H2O (6.31 g, 26.5 mmol) in MeOH (300 mL) was added with NaBH4 (1.61 g, 42.6 mmol) in portions at 0℃, the mixture was stirred at 0 ℃ for 2 hours. After completion, the reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuum to remove MeOH. The mixture was triturated with H2O (30 mL) , filtered to give 1-6 (17.0 g, 25.8 mmol, crude) .
[0271] Step-7. 1-6 (15.4 g, 23.4 mmol) in THF (300 mL) was added with TBAF (1 M, 117 mL) , then stirred at 25℃ for 1 hour. After completion, the reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuum, added with Ethyl acetate (30 mL) and brine (30 mL) , the mixture was washed with brine (30 mL x 3) . The organic layer was dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated in vacuum. The crude product was purified by Biotage silica gel column chromatography (MeOH in DCM from 0 to 10%) , then purified by prep-HPLC (column: 41-WePure Biotech XP tC18 150 x 40mm, 7μm; mobile phase: [01-Water (0.225%FA) -ACN] ; B%:50%, isocratic elution mode) to give 1-7 (2.80 g, 22.7%yield, 5.31 mmol) .
[0272] Step-8. 1-7 (2.72 g, 5.16 mmol) in THF (80 mL) was cooled to -78 ℃ under nitrogen, then added with LDA (2 M, 15.5 mL) . The mixture was stirred at -78 ℃ for 1 hour, then TMSCl (1.68 g, 15.5 mmol, 1.96 mL) was added. The mixture was stirred at -78 ℃ for 1 hour, then NBS (1.10 g, 6.19 mmol) was added. The mixture was stirred at -78 ℃ for 12 hours. After completion, the reaction mixture was quenched with sat. aq. NH4Cl (100 mL) , extracted with Ethyl acetate (100 mL x 2) . The combined organic layer was washed with brine (100 mL) , dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated in vacuum. The crude product was purified by silica gel chromatography (Petroleum ether / Ethyl acetate=1: 1) to give 1-8 (750 mg, 27.7%yield, 1.43 mmol) .
[0273] Step-9. 1-8 (750 mg, 1.43 mmol) and 2- (3, 6-dihydro-2H-pyran-4-yl) -4, 4, 5, 5-tetramethyl-1, 3, 2-dioxaborolane (450 mg, 2.14 mmol) in dioxane (15 mL) and H2O (3 mL) was added with Pd (dppf) Cl2 (104 mg, 143 μmol) , K2CO3 (395 mg, 2.85 mmol) , the mixture was stirred at 100℃ under nitrogen for 1 hour. After completion, the reaction mixture was extracted with Ethyl acetate (30 mL x 2) . The combined organic layer was dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated in vacuum. The crude product was purified by silica gel column (eluted with ethyl acetate in n-hexane from 0 to 60%) to give 1-9 (680 mg, 1.29 mmol, 90.1%yield) .
[0274] Step-10. 1-9 (680 mg, 1.29 mmol) in THF (10 mL) H2O (5 mL) was added with LiOH·H2O (270 mg, 6.43 mmol) . The mixture was stirred at 25℃ for 1 hour. After completion, the reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuum to remove THF, then adjusted to pH = 6 with 1 M aq. HCl, solid precipitated. The mixture was filtered, the cake was washed with H2O (4 mL) . The solid was collected and dried under high vacuum to give 1-10 (600 mg, 1.20 mmol, 93.2%yield) .
[0275] Step-11. 1-10 (515 mg, 1.03 mmol) and 2-chloro-4- (trifluoromethyl) aniline (905 mg, 4.63 mmol) in DCM (30 mL) was added with DMAP (125 mg, 1.03 mmol) , TEA (937 mg, 9.26 mmol) , CMPI (946 mg, 3.70 mmol) . The mixture was stirred at 25 ℃ under nitrogen for 12 hours. After completion, the reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuum. The crude product was purified by silica gel chromatography twice (column height: 250 mm, diameter: 100 mm, 100-200 mesh silica gel, Petroleum ether / Ethyl acetate from 1 / 0 to 0 / 1) to give 1-11 (450 mg, 664 μmol, 64.5%yield) .
[0276] Step-12. 1-11 (100 mg, 147 μmol) in dioxane (0.5 mL) was added with HCl / dioxane (2 M, 3.00 mL) . The mixture was stirred at 25℃ for 30 min. After completion, the reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuum to give INT-A (100 mg, 163 μmol, crude) .
[0277] Step-13. INT-A (100 mg, 163 μmol) , (5-hydroxy-6-methyl-pyrimidine-4-carbonyl) oxysodium (57.3 mg, 326 μmol) in DMF (5 mL) was added with DIEA (63.1 mg, 488 μmol) , HATU (92.8 mg, 244 μmol) . The mixture was stirred at 25 ℃ for 12 hours. After completion, the reaction mixture was concentrated in high vacuum then purified by prep-HPLC (column: 55-Boston Prime C18 150 x 30mm, 5μm; mobile phase: [05-Water (10mM NH4HCO3) -ACN] ; gradient: 17%-57%B over 8.0 min) . The resulting racemic mixture, Compound 1. Yield: 5 mg, 14.2%; 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3-d) δ 11.83 (s, 1H) , 8.57 (s, 1H) , 8.40 -8.46 (m, 2H) , 7.68 (s, 1H) , 7.52 -7.56 (m, 1H) , 6.88 (s, 1H) , 5.59 -5.66 (m, 1H) , 5.49 -5.51 (m, 1H) , 4.75 -4.81 (m, 1H) , 4.34 (d, J = 1.8 Hz, 2H) , 3.86 -3.92 (m, 2H) , 3.73 -3.83 (m, 2H) , 3.36 -3.52 (m, 2H) , 3.07 -3.13 (m, 2H) , 2.76 -2.93 (m, 2H) , 2.60 -2.70 (m, 2H) , 2.58 (s, 3H) , 2.55 –2.59 (m, 1H) , 2.28 -2.36 (m, 1H) , 2.16 -2.24 (m, 1H) , 1.95 -2.00 (m, 1H) ; HPLC purity: 99.18%; LCMS m / z 714.0 [M+H] +.
[0278] Racemic Compound 1 was further purified by SFC (column: DAICEL CHIRALPAK AD (250mm × 30mm, 10 um) ; mobile phase: [CO2-EtOH (0.1%NH3H2O) ] ; B%: 50%, isocratic elution mode) to give two enantiomers. Retention time for Compound 2 = 0.433 min; Compound 3 = 1.422 min.
[0279] Compound 2. Yield: 3.3 mg, 2.84%; 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3-d) δ 11.83 (s, 1H) , 8.60 (s, 1H) , 8.39 -8.51 (m, 2H) , 7.68 (s, 1H) , 7.51 -7.58 (m, 1H) , 6.80 -6.90 (d, 1H) , 5.57 -5.72 (m, 1H) , 5.50 -5.52 (m, 1H) , 4.72 -4.83 (m, 1H) , 4.30 -4.33 (m, 2H) , 3.85 -3.96 (m, 2H) , 3.70 -3.83 (m, 2H) , 3.34 -3.55 (m, 2H) , 3.02 -3.16 (m, 2H) , 2.67 -2.90 (m, 4H) , 2.54 -2.62 (m, 4H) , 2.21 -2.38 (m, 2H) , 1.91 -2.03 (m, 1H) ; HPLC purity: 98.26%; LCMS m / z 714.0 [M+H] +.
[0280] Compound 3. Yield: 4.9 mg, 4.22%; 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3-d) δ 11.83 (s, 1H) , 8.62 (s, 1H) , 8.40 -8.51 (m, 2H) , 7.69 (s, 1H) , 7.53 -7.59 (m, 1H) , 6.89 (s, 1H) , 5.60 -5.72 (m, 1H) , 5.50-5.52 (m, 1H) , 4.73 -4.86 (m, 1H) , 4.30 -4.40 (m, 2H) , 3.75 -3.95 (m, 4H) , 3.35 -3.58 (m, 2H) , 3.00 -3.18 (m, 2H) , 2.69 -2.94 (m, 4H) , 2.59 (s, 3H) , 2.53 -2.58 (m, 1H) , 2.15 -2.40 (m, 2H) , 1.93 -2.05 (m, 1H) ; HPLC purity: 100%; LCMS m / z 714.0 [M+H] +. Example 2. Synthesis of Compound 4, Compound 5, Compound 6, and Compound 7
[0281] Step-1. To a solution of tert-butyl 4- (2-bromo-5-ethyl-7-oxo-4H- [1, 2, 4] triazolo [1, 5-a] pyrimidin-6-yl) piperazine-1-carboxylate (15 g, 35.1 mmol) in THF (200 mL) was added NaH (1.83 g, 45.6 mmol, 60%purity) at 0 ℃ in portions. After addition, the mixture was stirred at this temperature for 30 min, and then SEMCl (7.02 g, 42.1 mmol) was added dropwise. The resulting mixture was stirred at 0~25 ℃ for 2 hours. After completion, the residue was diluted with H2O (200 mL) at 0℃ and extracted with ethyl acetate (50 mL x 3) . The combined organic layers were washed with 5%aq. LiCl (50 mL x 2) , brine (50 mL) , dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue. The residue was purified by flash silica gel chromatography (Ethyl acetate in Petroleum ether from 0~100%) to give 4-1 (11 g, 19.7 mmol, 56.2%yield) as white solid.
[0282] Step-2. To a mixture of 4-1 (11 g, 19.7 mmol) in THF (150 mL) was added NaHMDS (2 M, 19.7 mL) at -65℃ under nitrogen atmosphere. The mixture was stirred at -65℃ for 0.5 hour, then ethyl (E) -4-bromobut-2-enoate (11.4 g, 59.2 mmol) was added dropwise at -65℃ under nitrogen atmosphere. After addition, the reaction was stirred for 2 hours at -65~20℃ under nitrogen atmosphere. After completion, the mixture was cooled to 0℃ and quenched by addition aq. NH4Cl (50 mL) , the aqueous phase was extracted with ethyl acetate (50 mL x 2) . The combined organic phase was washed with brine (50 mL x 2) , dried with anhydrous Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated in vacuum. The crude product was purified by silica gel chromatography (Petroleum ether / Ethyl acetate=10: 1) to give 4-2 (14 g, 12.5 mmol, 57.3%yield) as white solid.
[0283] Step-3. To a mixture of 4-2 (14 g, 12.5 mmol) in MeOH (200 mL) was added NiCl2·6H2O (5.96 g, 25.1 mmol) . The solution was cooled to 0℃ and added NaBH4 (1.80 g, 47.7 mmol) in portions (3 times) at 0℃. The mixture was stirred for 5 hours at 0~10℃. After completion, the mixture was quenched with water (100 mL) at 0℃, concentrated to remove MeOH, extracted with ethyl acetate (100 mL x 2) . The combined organic layers were concentrated under reduced pressure to give 4-3 (14 g, 8.74 mmol, 69.9%yield) as yellow oil.
[0284] Step-4. To a solution of 4-3 (14 g, 20.8 mmol) in THF (200 mL) was added TMEDA (4.84 g, 41.7 mmol) and TBAF (1 M, 41.7 mL) . The mixture was stirred at 50℃ for 8 hours. After completion, the reaction was concentrated and the residue was added with H2O (100 mL) , the aqueous phase was extracted with ethyl acetate (50 mL x 3) . The combined organic phase was washed with brine (50 mL x 2) , dried with anhydrous Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated in vacuum. The residue was purified by flash silica gel chromatography (MeOH in DCM from 0~10%) to give crude product. The crude product was re-purified by prep. HPLC (column: 41-WePure Biotech XP tC18 150 × 40mm, 7 μm; mobile phase: [01-Water (0.225%FA) -ACN] ; gradient: 42%-62%B over 12.0 min) to give 4-4 (3.4 g, 6.28 mmol, 30.1%yield) as yellow solid.
[0285] Step-5. To a mixture of 4-4 (3.4 g, 6.28 mmol) in THF (100 mL) was added LDA (2 M, 18.84 mL) at -65℃ under nitrogen atmosphere. The mixture was stirred at -65℃ for 0.5 hour. Then, to the mixture was added TMSCl (2.05 g, 18.84 mmol) and stirred at -65℃ for 1 hr. Afterwards, to the mixture was added NBS (2.79 g, 15.70 mmol) and stirred at -65℃ for 3 hours. Then the reaction was continued to stir at 25℃ for 15 hours. After completion, the mixture was cooled to 0℃ and quenched by addition aq. NH4Cl (100 mL) , the aqueous phase was extracted with ethyl acetate (50 mL x 3) . The combined organic phase was washed with brine (50 mL x 2) , dried with anhydrous Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated in vacuum to give tert-butyl 4- [2-bromo-5- (4-bromo-5-ethoxy-1-methyl-5-oxo-pentyl) -7-oxo-4H- [1, 2, 4] triazolo [1, 5-a] pyrimidin-6-yl] piperazine-1-carboxylate (3.8 g, crude) as yellow oil and used for next step. To a solution of tert-butyl 4- [2-bromo-5- (4-bromo-5-ethoxy-1-methyl-5-oxo-pentyl) -7-oxo-4H- [1, 2, 4] triazolo [1, 5-a] pyrimidin-6-yl] piperazine-1-carboxylate (3.80 g, 6.13 mmol) in DMF (50 mL) was added DIEA (3.96 g, 30.6 mmol) at 25℃ under nitrogen. The reaction mixture was stirred at 80℃ for 2 hours. After completion, the reaction was poured into ice-water (100 mL) . The aqueous phase was extracted with ethyl acetate (50 mL) . The combined organic phase was washed with 5%aqueous LiCl (20 mL x 2) , brine (20 mL x 2) , dried with anhydrous Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated in vacuum. The residue was purified by flash silica gel chromatography ( 4 g Silica Flash Column, Eluent of 0~100 %Ethyl acetate / Petroleum ether gradient @20 mL / min) to give 4-5 (1.7 g, 3.15 mmol, 51.5%yield) as yellow solid.
[0286] Step-6. 4-5 (1.7 g, 3.15 mmol) and 2- (3, 6-dihydro-2H-pyran-4-yl) -4, 4, 5, 5-tetramethyl-1, 3, 2-dioxaborolane (993 mg, 4.73 mmol) in dioxane (40 mL) H2O (10 mL) was added with Pd (dppf) Cl2 (231 mg, 315 μmol) , K2CO3 (871mg, 6.30 mmol) , the mixture was stirred at 100℃ under nitrogen for 1 hour. After completion, the reaction mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (30 mL x 2) . The combined organic layer was dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated in vacuum. The crude product was purified by silica gel column (eluted with ethyl acetate in n-hexane from 0 to 60%) to give 4-6 (1.5 g, 2.76 mmol, 87.7%yield) as a yellow solid.
[0287] Step-7. 4-6 (1.5 g, 2.76 mmol) in THF (30 mL) , H2O (10 mL) was added with LiOH·H2O (580 mg, 13.8 mmol) . The mixture was stirred at 25℃ for 12 hours. After completion, the reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuum to remove THF, then adjusted to pH=6 with 1 M aq. HCl, solid precipitated. The mixture was filtered, the cake was washed with H2O (10 mL) . The solid was collected and dried under high vacuum to give 4-7 (1.1 g, 2.13 mmol, 77.3%yield) as a yellow solid.
[0288] Step-8. 4-7 (200 mg, 388 μmol) and 2-chloro-4- (trifluoromethyl) aniline (342 mg, 1.75 mmol) in DCM (5 mL) was added with DMAP (47.5 mg, 389 μmol) , trimethylamine (354 mg, 3.50 mmol) , CMPI (357 mg, 1.40 mmol) . The mixture was stirred at 25℃ under nitrogen for 72 hours. After completion, the reaction mixture was quenched with brine (5 mL) , stayed for 12 hours, then extracted with DCM (10 mL x 2) , dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated in vacuum. The crude product purified by silica gel chromatography (column height: 250 mm, diameter: 100 mm, 100-200 mesh silica gel, Petroleum ether / Ethyl acetate from 1 / 0 to 0 / 1) to give 4-8 (110 mg, 159 μmol 40.9%yield) as a yellow solid.
[0289] Step-9. 4-8 (110 mg, 159 μmol) in dioxane (1 mL) was added with HCl / dioxane (2 M, 3.23 mL) . The mixture was stirred at 25℃ for 1 hour. After completion, the reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuum to give INT-B (110 mg, 158 μmol, HCl) as a white solid.
[0290] Step-10. INT-B (80 mg, 563 μmol) , HATU (81.7 mg, 215 μmol) , DIEA (74.0 mg, 573 μmol) in DMF (5 mL) was mixed and stirred at 25℃ for 2 hours. After completion, the reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuum and purified by prep-HPLC (column: 41-WePure Biotech XPt C18 150 × 40 mm, 7 μm; mobile phase: [08-Water (0.05%NH3H2O+10mM NH4HCO3) -01-MeCN] ; gradient: 20%-40%B over 11.0 min) , lyophilized to give 4-10 (49 mg, 68.4 μmol, 47.8%yield) .
[0291] Step-11. The racemic mixture 4-10 was purified by SFC (column: Daicel ChiralPak IG (250 x 30 mm, 10 μm) ; mobile phase: [CO2-EtOH (0.1%NH3H2O) ] ; B%: 60%, isocratic elution mode) to give four isomers: trans isomers Compound 4 (RT = 1.022 min ) and Compound 5 (RT = 2.237 ) ; cis isomers: Compound 6 (RT = 1.493 min) and Compound 7 (RT = 2.198 min ) .
[0292] Compound 4. Yield: 13 mg, 26.51%; 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.34 (d, J = 8.8 Hz, 1H) , 8.21 (s, 1H) , 7.69 (d, J =1.2 Hz, 1H) , 7.49 -7.58 (m, 1H) , 7.29 (s, 1H) , 6.84 (s, 1H) , 5.51 (d, J = 6.2 Hz, 1H) , 4.41 -4.79 (m, 2H) , 4.31 (m, 2H) , 3.81 -3.98 (m, 4H) , 3.65 -3.74 (m, 1H) , 3.08 -3.56 (m, 2H) , 2.90 -2.92 (m, 1H) , 2.79 -2.82 (m, 1H) , 2.65 -2.67 (m, 2H) , 2.53 -2.62 (m, 1H) , 2.44 (s, 3H) , 2.22 -2.37 (m, 2H) , 1.80-1.82 (m, 2H) , 1.42 (d, J =7.2 Hz, 3H) ; HPLC purity: 99.91%; LCMS m / z 716.2 [M+H] +.
[0293] Compound 5. Yield: 13.1 mg, 26.12%; 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.33 (d, J = 8.8 Hz, 1H) , 8.24 (s, 1H) , 7.68 (d, J = 1.6 Hz, 1H) , 7.50 -7.54 (m, 1H) , 7.28 (s, 1H) , 6.80 -6.84 (m, 1H) , 5.51 (d, J = 6.2 Hz, 1H) , 4.40 -4.87 (m, 2H) , 4.31 (br d, J = 2.4 Hz, 2H) , 3.81 -3.98 (m, 4H) , 3.62 -3.75 (m, 1H) , 3.03 -3.57 (m, 2H) , 2.89 -2.93 (m, 1H) , 2.79 -2.83 (m, 1H) , 2.62 -2.71 (m, 2H) , 2.51 -2.61 (m, 1H) , 2.44 (s, 3H) , 2.22 -2.39 (m, 2H) , 1.78 -1.82 (m, 2H) , 1.41 (d, J = 7.2 Hz, 3H) ; HPLC purity: 97.70%; LCMS m / z 716.2 [M+H] +.
[0294] Compound 6. Yield: 4.1 mg, 20.2%; 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.53 (s, 1H) , 8.44 (d, J = 8.6 Hz, 1H) , 7.70 (d, J = 1.6 Hz, 1H) , 7.52 -7.60 (m, 1H) , 7.27 -7.28 (m, 1H) , 6.82 –6.83 (m, 1H) , 5.27 (t, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H) , 4.39 -4.81 (m, 2H) , 4.26 -4.34 (m, 2H) , 3.83 -3.93 (m, 4H) , 3.69 -3.78 (m, 1H) , 2.98 -3.58 (m, 2H) , 2.83 -2.94 (m, 1H) , 2.72 -2.81 (m, 1H) , 2.62 -2.67 (m, 2H) , 2.48 -2.60 (m, 1H) , 2.39 -2.46 (m, 4H) , 1.92 -2.18 (m, 3H) , 1.50 (d, J = 7.2 Hz, 3H) .; HPLC purity: 98.35%; LCMS m / z 716.2 [M+H] +.
[0295] Compound 7. Yield: 3.2 mg, 15.2%; 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.51 (s, 1H) , 8.43 -8.46 (d, J = 8.8 Hz, 1H) , 8.24 (s, 1H) , 7.70 (s, 1H) , 7.53 (d, J = 8.8 Hz, 1H) , 7.28 (s, 1H) , 6.82 -6.83 (s, 1H) , 5.24 -5.29 (m, 1H) , 4.40 -4.60 (m, 1H) , 4.30 –4.31 (m, 2H) , 3.86 -3.92 (m, 4H) , 3.74 -3.76 (m, 1H) , 3.03 -3.57 (m, 1H) , 2.86 -2.91 (m, 1H) , 2.74 -2.77 (m, 1H) , 2.62 -2.71 (m, 2H) , 2.51 -2.61 (m, 1H) , 2.44 (s, 3H) , 2.22 -2.39 (m, 2H) , 1.97 -2.02 (m, J = 14.6 Hz, 2H) , 1.41 (d, J = 7.2 Hz, 3H) .; HPLC purity: 97.88%; LCMS m / z 716.3 [M+H] +. Example 3. Synthesis of Compound 8
[0296] Step-1. To a solution of 5-bromo-4H-1, 2, 4-triazol-3-amine (40 g, 245 mmol) in AcOH (200 mL) was added methyl 3-oxobutanoate (34.2 g, 295 mmol) . It was stirred at 80℃ for 12 hours. After completion, the reaction mixture was concentrated in high vacuum to remove most of AcOH, then added with H2O (150 mL) and triturated for 20 min, then filtered, the cake was collected and dried under high vacuum to give 8-1 (35 g, 153 mmol, 62.3%yield) .
[0297] Step-2. A stirred solution of 8-1 (35 g, 153 mmol) in THF (600 mL) was cooled to 0℃, then added with NaH (7.33 g, 183 mmol, 60%purity) in portions under nitrogen. The mixture was stirred at 0℃ for 30 min, then SEM-Cl (30.6 g, 183 mmol) was added. The mixture was warmed to 25℃ gradually and stirred for 1.5 hours. After completion, the reaction mixture was quenched with sat. aq. NH4Cl (400 mL) at 0℃, the mixture was extracted with Ethyl acetate (400 mL x 2) . The combined organic layer was washed with brine (400 mL) , dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated in vacuum. The crude product was purified by silica gel column (Ethyl acetate in hexane from 0 to 50%) and trituration (hexane / Ethyl acetate=10 / 1, 200 mL) to give 8-2 (38 g, 106 mmol, 69.2%yield, 99%purity) .
[0298] Step-3. 8-2 (38 g, 106 mmol) in THF (800 mL) was cooled to -78℃ under nitrogen, then NaHMDS (1 M, 127 mL) was added. The mixture was stirred at -78℃ for 30 min, then ethyl (E) -4-bromobut-2-enoate (24.5 g, 127 mmol, 17.47 mL) was added. The mixture was stirred at -78℃ for 3 hours. After completion, the reaction mixture was quenched with sat. aq. NH4Cl (1 L) , extracted with Ethyl acetate (1 L x 2) . The combined organic layer was washed with brine (1 L) , dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated in vacuum. The crude product was purified by silica gel column (Ethyl acetate in hexane from 0 to 50%) to give 8-3 (10 g, 21.2 mmol, 20%yield) .
[0299] Step-4. 8-3 (10 g, 21.2 mmol) NiCl2·6H2O (10.1 g, 42.4 mmol) in MeOH (150 mL) was cooled to 0℃, then added with NaBH4 (1.20 g, 31.8 mmol) in portions. The mixture was stirred at 0℃ for 4 hours. After completion, the reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuum. The crude product was purified by silica gel column (Ethyl acetate in hexane from 0 to 60%) to give 8-4 (5.38 g, 11.4 mmol, 53.6%yield) .
[0300] Step-5. To a solution of 8-4 (3.88 g, 8.20 mmol) in dioxane (30 mL) and H2O (10 mL) was added 2- (3, 6-dihydro-2H-pyran-4-yl) -4, 4, 5, 5-tetramethyl-1, 3, 2-dioxaborolane (2.24 g, 10.7 mmol) , Pd (dppf) Cl2 (600 mg, 820 μmol) and K2CO3 (3.40 g, 24.6 mmol) . The mixture was purged and degassed with nitrogen 3 times, then stirred at 100℃ for 1 hour. After completion, the reaction mixture was added with Ethyl acetate (30 mL) and brine (20 mL) , extracted with Ethyl acetate (30 mL x 2) . The combined organic layer was washed with brine (20 mL) , dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated in vacuum. The crude product was purified by silica gel column (Ethyl acetate in hexane from 0 to 60%) to give 8-5 (3.4 g, 7.13 mmol, 87.0%yield) .
[0301] Step-6. A solution of 8-5 (3.4 g, 7.13 mmol) in MeCN (40 mL) was added with NBS (1.40 g, 7.85 mmol) in portions. The mixture was stirred at 25℃ for 2 hours. After completion, the reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuum and purified by silica gel column (Ethyl acetate in hexane from 0 to 50%) to give 8-6 (2.6 g, 4.68 mmol, 65.6%yield) .
[0302] Step-7. To a solution of 8-6 (3.6 g, 6.48 mmol) in THF (15 mL) and H2O (5 mL) was added LiOH·H2O (2.72 g, 64.8 mmol) . The mixture was stirred at 35℃ for 2 hours. After completion, the reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuum to remove THF, then adjusted to pH=3 with 1M aq. HCl at 0℃. The mixture was extracted with Ethyl acetate (50 mL x 2) , dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated in vacuum to give 8-7 (2.5 g, 4.74 mmol, 73.1%yield) .
[0303] Step-8. Solution 1: to a solution of 8-7 (2.5 g, 4.74 mmol) in THF (30 mL) was added with TEA (623 mg, 6.16 mmol) and pivaloyl chloride (685 mg, 5.69 mmol) at -78℃, the mixture was stirred at -78℃ for 15 min then 0℃ for 40 min.
[0304] Solution 2: to a solution of (S) -4-phenyloxazolidin-2-one (1.16 g, 7.11 mmol) in THF (30 mL) was added with n-BuLi (2.5 M, 2.84 mL) at -78℃, then mixture was stirred at -78℃ for 20 min.
[0305] Solution 1 was added to solution 2 via canula, the mixture was stirred at 25℃for 1 hour. After completion, the reaction mixture was quenched with sat. aq. NH4Cl (30 mL) , extracted with Ethyl acetate (30 mL x 2) . The combined organic layer was washed with brine (30 mL) , dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated in vacuum. The crude product was purified by silica gel column (hexane in Ethyl acetate from 0 to 60%, then MeOH in DCM from 5%to 10%) to give 8-8 (2.0 g, 2.97 mmol, 52.2%yield) .
[0306] Step-9. To a solution of 8-8 (1.9 g, 2.82 mmol) in THF (10 mL) was added with LiHMDS (1 M, 7.22 mL) at -78℃ under nitrogen atmosphere, the mixture was stirred at -78℃ for 20 min, then NBS (754 mg, 4.24 mmol) was added. The mixture was stirred at -78℃ for 1 hour, then allowed to warm to 25℃ gradually and stirred for 1 hour. After completion, the reaction mixture was quenched with sat. aq. NH4Cl (20 mL) , extracted with Ethyl acetate (30 mL x 2) , dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated in vacuum. The crude product was purified by silica gel column (Ethyl acetate in hexane from 0 to 60%) to give 8-9 (0.9 g, 1.19 mmol, 42.4%yield) .
[0307] Step-10. To a solution of 8-9 (900 mg, 1.20 mmol) in THF (15 mL) and H2O (5 mL) was added with LiOH·H2O (251 mg, 5.99 mmol) . The mixture was stirred at 25℃ for 45 min. After completion, the reaction mixture was adjusted to pH = 3 with 1 M aq. HCl, extracted with Ethyl acetate (3 mL x 2) . The combined organic layer was dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated in vacuum to give 8-10 (970 mg, 1.60 mmol, crude) .
[0308] Step-11. To a solution of 8-10 (880 mg, 1.45 mmol) in dioxane (5 mL) was added with HCl / dioxane (2 M, 20 mL) . The mixture was stirred at 40℃ for 10 min. After completion, the reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuum to give 8-11 (850 mg, 1.79 mmol, crude) .
[0309] Step-12. 8-11 (850 mg, 1.79 mmol) in DMF (8 mL) was added with DIEA (1.15 g, 8.93 mmol) . The mixture was stirred at 80℃ for 30 min. After completion, the reaction mixture was concentrated in high vacuum and purified by prep-HPLC (column: 56-Boston Green ODS 150 x 30 mm, 5 μm; mobile phase: [H2O (0.05%HCl aq) -ACN] ; gradient: 6%-46%B over 9.0 min) to give 8-12 (180 mg, 455 μmol, 25.4%yield) .
[0310] Step-13. To a solution of 8-12 (180 mg, 455 μmol) in NMP (5 mL) was added tert-butyl (1S, 6S) -2, 5-diazabicyclo [4.2.0] octane-2-carboxylate (773 mg, 3.64 mmol) . It was stirred at 105℃ for 1 hour. After completion, the mixture was purified by prep-HPLC (column: 41-WePure Biotech XP tC18 150 x 40 mm, 7 μm; mobile phase: [H2O (0.225%FA)-ACN] ; gradient: 36%-56%B over 12.0 min) to give 8-13 (40 mg, 455 μmol, 16.7%yield) .
[0311] Step-14. To a solution of 8-13 (79 mg, 150 μmol) in DCM (5 mL) was added 2-chloro-4- (trifluoromethyl) aniline (132 mg, 675 μmol) , CMPI (138 mg, 540 μmol) , TEA (136 mg, 1.35 mmol) and DMAP (55 mg, 450 μmol) . It was stirred at 30℃ for 36 hours. After completion, the reaction mixture was added with brine (5 mL) , extracted with DCM (10 mL x 2) , the combined organic layer was dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated in vacuum. The crude product was purified by prep-HPLC (column: 56-Boston Green ODS 150 × 30mm, 5μm; mobile phase: [H2O (0.05%HCl aq) -ACN] ; gradient: 58%-98%B over 9.0 min) , the fractions were lyophilized to give 8-14 (7 mg, 9.94 μmol, 6.63%yield) .
[0312] Step-15. To a solution of 8-14 (7 mg, 9.94 μmol) in dioxane (0.1 mL) was added with HCl / dioxane (2 M, 1 mL) , the mixture was stirred at 35℃ for 30 min. After completion, the reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuum to give INT-C (6 mg, 9.94 μmol, 99.9%yield) .
[0313] Step-16. A stirred suspension of (5-hydroxy-6-methyl-pyrimidine-4-carbonyl) oxysodium (7.00 mg, 39.7 μmol) in MeCN (1 mL) was added with pyridine hydrochloride (6.89 mg, 59.6 μmol) , the mixture was stirred at 40℃ under nitrogen for 30 min, then NMI (4.89 mg, 59.6 μmol) , INT-C (6 mg, 9.93 μmol) was slowly added, followed with EDCI (9.52 mg, 49.7 μmol) . The mixture was stirred at 40℃ under nitrogen for 12 hours. After completion, the reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuum and purified by prep-HPLC (column: 55-Boston Prime C18 150 x 30 mm, 5 μm; mobile phase: [H2O (10mM NH4HCO3) -ACN] ; gradient: 17%-57%B over 8.0 min) to give Compound 8. Yield: 1.5 mg, 20.3%; 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 11.58 (s, 1H) , 8.62 (s, 1H) , 8.43 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 2H) , 7.68 (d, J = 1.6 Hz, 1H) , 7.52 -7.59 (m, 1H) , 6.87 -6.90 (m, 1H) , 5.50 -5.52 (m, 1H) , 4.17 -4.90 (m, 3H) , 3.86 -3.95 (m, 3H) , 3.61 -3.77 (m, 1H) , 3.35 -3.45 (m, 2H) , 3.10 (m, 1H) , 2.71 -2.73 (m, 2H) , 2.56 -2.58 (m, 4H) , 2.05 -2.45 (m, 3H) , 1.61 -1.98 (m, 2H) , 1.58 -1.60 (m, 4H) ; HPLC purity: 99.55%; LCMS m / z 740.2 [M+H] +. Example 4. Synthesis of Compound 10
[0314] To a solution of 5-hydroxy-1-methyl-pyrazole-4-carboxylic acid (41.6 mg, 293 μmol) in DMF (2 mL) was added HATU (83.5 mg, 220 μmol) and DIEA (75.7 mg, 586 μmol) . The mixture was stirred at 25℃ for 10 minutes. (13R) -N- [2-chloro-4- (trifluoromethyl) phenyl] -4- (3, 6-dihydro-2H-pyran-4-yl) -7-oxo-8-piperazin-1-yl-1, 3, 5, 6-tetrazatricyclo [7.4.0.02, 6] trideca-2, 4, 8-triene-13-carboxamide (obtained from the chiral separation of 1-11, 90.0 mg, 146 μmol, HCl) was added. It was stirred at 25℃ for 16 hours. After completion, it was concentrated to give crude product. The residue was purified by prep-HPLC (column: 56 -Boston Green ODS 150 x 30 mm, 5 μm; mobile phase: [H2O (0.05%HCl aq) -ACN] ; gradient: 28%-68%B over 9.0 minutes) to afford Compound 10. Yield: 24 mg, 23.3%; 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 10.48 (s, 1H) , 7.97 (s, 1H) , 7.79 -7.89 (m, 1H) , 7.71 -7.73 (m, 1H) , 7.64 (s, 1H) , 6.80 -6.82 (m, 1H) , 5.60 -5.62 (m, 1H) , 4.21 -4.35 (m, 5H) , 3.79 -3.81 (m, 4H) , 3.54 -5.57 (m, 3H) , 3.30 -3.47 (m, 3H) , 3.13 -3.16 (m, 2H) , 2.93 -2.95 (m, 1H) , 2.73 -2.76 (m, 2H) , 2.34 -2.36 (m, 2H) , 1.87 -1.90 (m, 1H) , 1.67 -1.82 (m, 1H) ; HPLC purity: 97.02%; LCMS m / z 702.4 [M+H] +. Example 5. Synthesis of Compound 22
[0315] Step-1. To a stirred mixture of ethyl 2-bromo-3-oxopentanoate (30 g, 0.135 mmol) and tert-butyl piperazine-1-carboxylate (125.7 g, 0.675 mol) in MeCN (400 mL) was added K2CO3 (111.8 g, 0.81 mol) , the reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2h. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue, which was subjected to silica gel column chromatography to afford 22-1 (33 g, 0.1 mmol, 74%yield) as a yellow oil. LC-MS (ESI) : m / z 329.1 [M+H] +.
[0316] Step-2. To a solution of 22-1 (16 g, 48.72 mmol) and 5-bromo-2H-1, 2, 4-triazol-3-amine (7.94 g, 48.72 mmol) in EtOH (40 mL) was added PPA (8 g, 81.63 mmol) , the reaction mixture was stirred at 90℃ for 24 hrs. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature, DIEA (25.19 g, 194.88 mmol) and Boc2O (15.95 g, 73.08 mmol) was added, the resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for 3 hrs. After completion, the reaction was quenched with H2O (60 mL) , extracted with DCM (100 mL x 3) . The combined organic layers were washed with brine (100 mL) , dried over anhydrous Na2SO4, concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue, which was subjected to silica gel column chromatography to afford 22-2 (12.3 g, 28.79 mmol, 59%yield) . LC-MS (ESI) : m / z 427.4 [M+H] +.
[0317] Step-3. To a solution of 22-2 (12.3 g, 28.79 mmol) in THF (100 mL) and DMF (25 mL) was added NaH (1.73 g, 43.18 mmol) at 0℃, the reaction mixture was stirred at 0℃ for 1h. Then SEMCl (5.76 g, 34.54 mmol) was added, the resulting mixture was stirred at 0℃ for 4 hrs. After completion, the reaction mixture was quenched with aq. NH4Cl (100 mL) , extracted with EtOAc (100 mL x 3) . The combined organic layers were washed with brine (150 mL) , dried over anhydrous Na2SO4, concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue, which was subjected to silica gel column chromatography to afford 22-3 (10.5 g, 18.83 mmol, 65%yield) . LC-MS (ESI) : m / z 557.5 [M+H] +.
[0318] Step-4. To a solution of 22-3 (10.5 g, 18.83 mmol) in THF (150 mL) was added NaHMDS (22.6 mL, 22.60 mmol, 1M in THF) at -67℃, the reaction mixture was stirred at -67℃ for 1h. Then 3-iodoprop-1-ene (7.91 g, 47.08 mmol) in THF (30 mL) was added dropwise, the resulting mixture was stirred at -67℃ for 4 hrs. After completion, the reaction mixture was quenched with aq. NH4Cl (100 mL) at -67℃, extracted with EtOAc (100 mL x 3) . The combined organic layers were washed with brine (100 mL) , dried over anhydrous Na2SO4, concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue, which was subjected to silica gel column chromatography to afford 22-4 (8.5 g, 14.22 mmol, 75%yield) . LC-MS (ESI) : m / z 597.2 [M+H] +.
[0319] Step-5. To a solution of 22-4 (8.5 g, 14.22 mmol) in DCM (100 mL) was added m-CPBA (8.66 g, 42.67 mmol) at 0℃, the reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 15 hrs. After completion, the reaction mixture was quenched with aq. Na2S2O3 (100 mL) , extracted with DCM (100 mL x 3) . The combined organic layers were washed with aq. NaHCO3 (130 mL) , dried over anhydrous Na2SO4, concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue, which was subjected to silica gel column chromatography to afford 22-5 (4.8 g, 7.82 mmol, 55%yield) . LC-MS (ESI) : m / z 613.5 [M+H] +.
[0320] Step-6. To a solution of 22-5 (4.8 g, 7.82 mmol) in DMF (72 mL) and H2O (2.4 mL) was added KF (4.8 g, 82.62 mmol) , the reaction mixture was stirred at 60℃ for 15 hrs. After completion, the resulting mixture was poured into aq. NH4Cl (100 mL) , extracted with EtOAc (80 mL x 3) . The combined organic layers were dried over anhydrous Na2SO4, concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue, which was subjected to silica gel column chromatography to afford 22-6 (1.9 g, 3.93 mmol, 50%yield) . LC-MS (ESI) : m / z 483.2 [M+H] + .
[0321] Step-7. To a solution of 22-6 (1.9 g, 3.93 mmol) in DCM (66 mL) was added aq.NaHCO3 (66.04 g, 39.31 mmol, 5%wt) , trioctylmethylammonium chloride (790 mg, 1.97 mmol) , KBr (0.23 g, 1.97 mmol) , TEMPO (0.31 g, 1.97 mmol) and aq. NaClO (14.63 g, 9.83 mmol, 5%wt) at 0℃. The resulting mixture was stirred at 0℃ for 3 hrs. After completion, the resulting mixture was adjusted pH to 3 with 1N HCl, extracted with DCM (80 mL x 3) . The combined organic layers were dried over anhydrous Na2SO4, concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue, which was subjected to silica gel column chromatography to afford 22-7 (1.7 g, 3.42 mmol, 87%yield) . LC-MS (ESI) : m / z 497.2 [M+H] +.
[0322] Step-8. To a solution of 22-7 (1.3 g, 2.61 mmol) and 2-chloro-4- (trifluoromethyl) aniline (1.02 g, 5.23 mmol) in DCM (40 mL) was added TCFH (1.47 g, 5.23 mmol) and NMI (0.86 g, 10.46 mmol) at 0℃. The resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for 4 hrs. After completion, the reaction mixture was diluted with H2O (40 mL) and extracted with DCM (40 mL x 3) . The organic layers were combined and washed with brine (50 mL) , dried over anhydrous Na2SO4, and concentrated to give a residue, which was subjected to silica gel column chromatography to afford 22-8 (1.1 g, 1.63 mmol, 62%yield) as a white solid. LC-MS (ESI) : m / z 676.3 [M+H] +.
[0323] Step-9. To a solution of 22-8 (1.3 g, 1.93 mmol) in dioxane / H2O (20 mL / 5 mL) was added 2- (3, 6-dihydro-2H-pyran-4-yl) -4, 4, 5, 5-tetramethyl-1, 3, 2-dioxaborolane (0.42 g, 2.02 mmol) , Na2CO3 (0.61 g, 5.78 mmol) and Pd (dppf) Cl2 (0.14 g, 0.19 mmol) . The resulting mixture was heated to 80 ℃ and stirred for 4 hrs under N2. After completion, the reaction mixture was diluted with H2O (40 mL) and extracted with DCM (50 mL x 3) . The organic layers were combined and concentrated to give a residue, which was subjected to silica gel column chromatography to afford 22-9 (1.1 g, 1.62 mmol, 84%yield ) as a white solid. LC-MS (ESI) : m / z 678.5 [M+H] +.
[0324] Step-10. 22-9 (1.1 g) was separated by chiral SFC to afford diastereoisomer 1, 22-10A (240 mg) , diastereoisomer 2, 22-10B (110 mg) , diastereoisomer 3, 22-10C (190 mg) , and diastereoisomer 4, 22-10D (80 mg) .
[0325] diastereoisomer 1, 22-10A: 100%ee; Retention time: 1.861 min. LCMS (ESI) : m / z 678.5 [M+H] +. 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO) δ 10.46 (s, 1H) , 7.96 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 2H) , 7.74 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1H) , 6.77 (s, 1H) , 5.61 (dd, J = 8.4, 5.2 Hz, 1H) , 4.24 (d, J = 2.4 Hz, 2H) , 3.82-3.77 (m, 2H) , 3.75-3.54 (m, 2H) , 3.30-3.32 (m, 2H) , 2.92 (s, 4H) , 2.63-2.52 (m, 2H) , 2.48-2.45 (m, 2H) , 2.42-2.34 (m, 1H) , 1.48 (d, J = 7.2 Hz, 3H) , 1.43 (s, 9H) .
[0326] diastereoisomer 2, 22-10B: 100%ee; Retention time: 2.436 min. LCMS (ESI) : m / z 678.5 [M+H] +. 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO) δ 10.48 (s, 1H) , 8.11 -7.83 (m, 2H) , 7.75 (s, 1H) , 6.79 (s, 1H) , 5.57-5.35 (m, 1H) , 4.25 (s, 2H) , 3.83-3.76 (m, 2H) , 3.72-3.51 (m, 2H) , 3.41-3.35 (m, 2H) , 3.18 (s, 2H) , 3.10-2.76 (m, 4H) , 2.71-2.53 (m, 2H) , 2.21-2.01 (m, 1H) , 1.43 (s, 9H) , 1.40 (d, J = 7.2 Hz, 3H) .
[0327] diastereoisomer 3, 22-10C: 100%ee; Retention time: 2.271 min. LCMS (ESI) : m / z 678.5 [M+H] +. 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO) δ 10.46 (s, 1H) , 7.96 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 2H) , 7.74 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1H) , 6.77 (s, 1H) , 5.61 (dd, J = 8.4, 5.2 Hz, 1H) , 4.24 (d, J = 2.4 Hz, 2H) , 3.82-3.77 (m, 2H) , 3.75-3.54 (m, 2H) , 3.30-3.32 (m, 2H) , 2.92 (s, 4H) , 2.63-2.52 (m, 2H) , 2.48-2.45 (m, 2H) , 2.42-2.34 (m, 1H) , 1.48 (d, J = 7.2 Hz, 3H) , 1.43 (s, 9H) .
[0328] diastereoisomer 4, 22-10D: 97.9%ee; Retention time: 2.878 min. LCMS (ESI) : m / z 678.5 [M+H] +. 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO) δ 10.48 (s, 1H) , 8.11 -7.83 (m, 2H) , 7.75 (s, 1H) , 6.79 (s, 1H) , 5.57-5.35 (m, 1H) , 4.25 (s, 2H) , 3.83-3.76 (m, 2H) , 3.72-3.51 (m, 2H) , 3.41-3.35 (m, 2H) , 3.18 (s, 2H) , 3.10-2.76 (m, 4H) , 2.71-2.53 (m, 2H) , 2.21-2.01 (m, 1H) , 1.43 (s, 9H) , 1.40 (d, J = 7.2 Hz, 3H) .
[0329] Analytical method (diastereoisomer 1 &diastereoisomer 2) : Column: ChiralPak IC, 100×4.6mm I.D., 3um, Mobile phase: A for CO2 and B for MeOH (0.05%DEA) , Gradient: 8 min @B 40%, Flow rate: 2.2 mL / min, Column temperature: 40℃.
[0330] Analytical method (diastereoisomer 3 &diastereoisomer 4) : Column: ChiralPak IB, 100×4.6mm I.D., 3um, Mobile phase: A for CO2 and B for IPA (0.05%DEA) , Gradient: 8 min @B 30%, Flow rate: 2.0 mL / min, Column temperature: 40℃.
[0331] SFC separation method (diastereoisomer 1 &diastereoisomer 2) : Waters Thar 80 preparative SFC; ChiralPak IC, 250×30mm I.D., 5μm; A for CO2 and B MeOH (0.1%7mol / L NH3 in MeOH) ; Gradient: B 40%; Flow rate: 60mL / min; Back pressure: 100 bar; Column temperature: 35℃; Wavelength: 220nm; Cycle-time: 16min.
[0332] SFC separation method (diastereoisomer 3 &diastereoisomer 4) : Waters Thar 80 preparative SFC; ChiralPak IB, 250×30mm I.D., 5μm; A for CO2 and B IPA (0.1%7mol / L NH3 in MeOH) ; Gradient: B 35%; Flow rate: 60mL / min; Back pressure: 100 bar; Column temperature: 35℃; Wavelength: 220nm; Cycle-time: 10min.
[0333] Step-11. To a solution of 22-10B (110 mg, 0.16 mmol) in dioxane (1 mL) was added HCl / dioxane (3 mL) . The resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for 5 hrs. After completion, the reaction mixture was concentrated to afford INT-D (90 mg, 0.13 mmol, 96%yield ) as a white solid. LC-MS (ESI) : m / z 578.5 [M+H] +.
[0334] Step-12. To a solution of INT-D (90 mg, 0.16 mmol) in DMAc (3 mL) was added 5-methoxy-1-methylpyrazole-4-carboxylic acid (48 mg, 0.32 mmol) , DMAP (75 mg, 0.64 mmol) , EDCI (59 mg, 0.32 mmol) and HOBt (47 mg, 0.32 mmol) . The resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for 5 hrs. After completion, the resulting mixture was poured into aq. NH4Cl (20 mL) , extracted with EtOAc (20 mL x 3) , washed with brine (30 mL) . The combined organic layers were dried over anhydrous Na2SO4, concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue, which was subjected to silica gel column chromatography to afford 22-12 (82 mg, 0.11 mmol, 91%yield) . LC-MS (ESI) : m / z: 716.1 [M+H] +
[0335] Step-13. To a solution of 22-12 (70 mg, 0.10 mmol) in DMAc (6 mL) was added LiCl (42 mg, 1.0 mmol) , the resulting mixture was stirred at 100℃ for 15 hrs. After completion, the resulting mixture was poured into aq. NH4Cl (20 mL) , extracted with EtOAc (30 mL x 3) . The combined organic layers were dried over anhydrous Na2SO4, concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue, which was subjected to Prep-HPLC to afford Compound 22. Yield: 26 mg, 37.8%. 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 10.51 (s, 1H) , 8.02 -7.86 (m, 2H) , 7.75 (d, J = 7.2 Hz, 1H) , 7.59 (s, 1H) , 6.79 (s, 1H) , 5.57 –5.50 (m, 1H) , 4.38-4.16 (m, 3H) , 3.83-3.65 (m, 4H) , 3.52 (s, 3H) , 3.41-3.38 (m, 3H) , 3.30-3.23 (m, 3H) , 3.05-2.95 (m, 3H) , 2.16-2.08 (m, 1H) , 1.43 (d, J = 7.2 Hz, 3H) . 19F NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ -60.86 (s) . 100%de; Retention time: 5.653 min. LCMS (ESI) : m / z 702.5 [M+H] +.
[0336] Analytical method: Column: ChiralPak IC, 100×4.6mm I.D., 5um, Mobile phase: B for n-Hexane (0.05%TFA) and C for ethanol, Gradient: 30 min @C 70%, Flow rate: 1.4 mL / min, Column temperature: 25℃. Example 6. Synthesis of Compound 24
[0337] Step-1. To a stirred mixture of ethyl 3-oxopentanoate (50 g, 347 mmol) and TsOH (11.9 g, 69.3 mmol) in DCM (500 mL) was added NBS (55.6 g, 312 mmol) in portions at 0℃, the reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 5h. The mixture was diluted with H2O (200 mL) , extracted with DCM (300 mL x 3) , the combined organic layers were concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue, which was subjected to silica gel column chromatography to afford 24-1 (50 g, 280 mmol, 81%yield) as a yellow oil. LCMS (ESI) : m / z 223.1 [M+H] +.
[0338] Step-2. To a stirred mixture of 24-1 (5 g, 22.4 mmol) and tert-butyl (R) -2-methylpiperazine-1-carboxylate (22.5 g, 112 mmol) in MeCN (50 mL) was added K2CO3 (15.5 g, 112 mmol) , the reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2h. After completion, the reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue, which was subjected to silica gel column chromatography to afford 24-2 (5 g, 14.6 mmol, 65%yield) as a yellow oil. LCMS (ESI) : m / z 343.1 [M+H] +.
[0339] Step-3. To a solution of 24-2 (5 g, 14.6 mmol) and 5-bromo-2H-1, 2, 4-triazol-3-amine (2.38 g, 14.6 mmol) in EtOH (20 mL) was added PPA (4.79 g, 58.4 mmol) , the reaction mixture was stirred at 90℃ for 24h. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature, DIEA (9.44 g, 73.005 mmol) and Boc2O (31.8 g, 146 mmol) was added, the resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 h. The mixture was diluted with H2O (50 mL) , extracted with EtOAc (60 mL x 3) . The combined organic layers were washed with brine (40 mL) , dried over anhydrous Na2SO4, concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue, which was subjected to silica gel column chromatography to afford 24-3 (5 g, 11.3 mmol, 77%yield) as a yellow solid. LCMS (ESI) : m / z 441 [M+H] +.
[0340] Step-4. To a solution of 24-3 (7.8 g, 17.7 mmol) in THF (50 mL) and DMF (10 mL) was added NaH (1.27 g, 53 mmol) in portions, the reaction mixture was stirred at 0 ℃ for 1h, followed by the addition of SEMCl (4.42 g, 26.5 mmol) dropwise. The resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature under nitrogen atmosphere for 2 h. The reaction was quenched by the addition of H2O (50 mL) , extracted with EtOAc (60 mL x3) . The combined organic layers were washed with brine (30 mL) , dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated to give a residue, which was subjected to silica gel column chromatography to afford 24-4 (5 g, 8.75 mmol, 49%yield) as a white solid. LCMS (ESI) : m / z 571.1 [M+H] +.
[0341] Step-5. To a solution of 24-4 (3.5 g, 6.12 mmol) in THF (40 mL) was added NaHMDS (9.18 mL, 9.18 mmol, 1M in THF) at -60℃, the reaction mixture was stirred at -60℃ for 1h. Then 3-iodoprop-1-ene (2.57 g, 15.3 mmol) was added dropwise and the resulting mixture was stirred at -60℃ under nitrogen atmosphere for 3h. After completion, the reaction mixture was quenched with aq. NH4Cl (50 mL) at -60℃, extracted with EtOAc (60 mL x 3) . The combined organic layers were washed with brine (60 mL) , dried over anhydrous Na2SO4, concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue, which was subjected to silica gel column chromatography to afford 24-5 (2.5 g, 4.08 mmol, 67%yield) as a yellow solid. LCMS (ESI) : m / z 611.2 [M+H] +.
[0342] Step-6. To a solution of 24-5 (2.5 g, 4.08 mmol) in DCM (30 mL) was added m-CPBA (2.12 g, 12.2 mmol) , the resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for 15 hrs. After completion, the reaction mixture was quenched with aq. Na2S2O3 (40 mL) , extracted with DCM (50 mL x 3) . The combined organic layers were washed with aq. NaHCO3 (70 mL) , dried over anhydrous Na2SO4, concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue, which was subjected to silica gel column chromatography to afford 24-6 (1.6 g, 2.54 mmol, 62%yield) as a yellow solid. LCMS (ESI) : m / z 627.1 [M+H] +.
[0343] Step-7. To a stirred mixture of 24-6 (5 g, 7.96 mmol) in DMF (50 mL) and H2O (1 mL) was added KF (4.63 g, 79.6 mmol) , the resulting mixture was stirred at 60 ℃ for 15h. After completion, the resulting mixture was poured into aq. NH4Cl (30 mL) , extracted with EtOAc (60 mL x 3) . The combined organic layers were dried over anhydrous Na2SO4, concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue, which was subjected to silica gel column chromatography to afford 24-7 (3.7 g, 7.44 mmol, 93%yield) as a yellow solid. LCMS (ESI) : m / z 497.1 [M+H] +.
[0344] Step-8. To a stirred mixture of 24-7 (3.7 g, 7.44 mmol) , KBr (0.89 g, 7.44 mmol) , trioctylmethylammonium chloride (3.01 g, 7.44 mmol) and TEMPO (1.16 g, 7.44 mmol) in DCM (40 mL) and NaHCO3 (40 mL, 5%wt) was added NaClO (12 mL, 5%wt) dropwise at 0℃. The resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for 5 h. After completion, the resulting mixture was adjusted pH to 3 with 3N HCl, extracted with DCM (80 mL x 3) . The combined organic layers were dried over anhydrous Na2SO4, concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue, which was subjected to silica gel column chromatography to afford 24-8 (1.7 g, 3.32 mmol, 45%yield) as a yellow solid. LCMS (ESI) : m / z 511.2 [M+H] +.
[0345] Step-9. To a solution of 24-8 (700 mg, 1.36 mmol) and 2-chloro-4- (trifluoromethyl) aniline (1.3 g, 6.80 mmol) in DCM (10 mL) was added TCFH (763 mg, 2.72 mmol) and NMI (223 mg, 2.72 mmol) . The resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 h. After completion, the reaction mixture was diluted with H2O (40 mL) and extracted with DCM (40 mL x 3) . The organic layers were combined and washed with brine (30 mL) , dried over anhydrous Na2SO4, and concentrated to give a residue, which was subjected to silica gel column chromatography to afford 24-9 (500 mg, 0.72 mmol, 53%yield) as a yellow solid. LCMS (ESI) : m / z 688.2 [M+H] +.
[0346] Step-10. To a mixture of 24-9 (500 mg, 0.73 mmol) and 2- (3, 6-dihydro-2H-pyran-4-yl) -4, 4, 5, 5-tetramethyl-1, 3, 2-dioxaborolane (183 mg, 0.87 mmol) in dioxane (10 mL) and H2O (2 mL) was added Pd (dppf) Cl2 (119 mg, 0.15 mmol) and NaHCO3 (183 mg, 2.18 mmol) . The resulting mixture was stirred at 90 ℃ under N2 for 3 h. After completion, the reaction mixture was diluted with H2O (40 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (50 mL x 3) . The organic layers were combined and concentrated to give a residue, which was subjected to silica gel column chromatography to afford 24-10 (380 mg, 0.55 mmol, 76%yield) as a yellow solid. LCMS (ESI) : m / z 692.1 [M+H] +.
[0347] Step-11.24-10 (1.7 g) was separated by chiral SFC to afford diastereoisomer 1, 24-11A (310 mg) , diastereoisomer 2, 24-11B (250 mg) , diastereoisomer 3, 24-11C (350 mg) , and diastereoisomer 4, 24-11D (270 mg) .
[0348] diastereoisomer 1, 24-11A: 100%ee; Retention time: 1.836 min. LCMS (ESI) : m / z 692.1 [M+H] +.
[0349] diastereoisomer 2, 24-11B: 100%ee; Retention time: 2.402 min. LCMS (ESI) : m / z 692.1 [M+H] +. 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 10.50 (s, 1H) , 8.03 –7.91 (m, 2H) , 7.74 (dd, J = 8.6, 1.5 Hz, 1H) , 6.79 (s, 1H) , 5.53 (d, J = 10.4 Hz, 1H) , 4.29-4.11 (m, 3H) , 3.84-3.75 (m, 3H) , 3.70 –3.57 (m, 1H) , 3.48 –3.41 (m, 4H) , 3.20-2.93 (m, 2H) , 2.75-2.55 (m, 2H) , 2.16-2.09 (m, 1H) , 1.44 (d, J = 6.0 Hz, 3H) , 1.43 (s, 9H) , 1.26 (d, J = 6.4 Hz, 3H) .
[0350] diastereoisomer 3, 24-11C: 100%ee; Retention time: 2.970 min. LCMS (ESI) : m / z 692.1 [M+H] +.
[0351] diastereoisomer 4, 24-11D: 100%ee; Retention time: 4.265 min. LCMS (ESI) : m / z 692.1 [M+H] +.
[0352] Analytical method: Column: ChiralPak IC, 100×4.6mm I.D., 3um, Mobile phase: A for CO2 and B for MeOH (0.05%DEA) , Gradient: 8 min @B 40%, Flow rate: 2.2 mL / min, Column temperature: 40℃.
[0353] SFC separation method: SHIMADZU PREP SOLUTION SFC; ChiralPak IC, 250×20mm I.D., 5μm; A for CO2 and B for MEOH+0.1%NH3H2O) ; Gradient: B 40%; Flow rate: 40mL / min; Back pressure: 100 bar; Column temperature: 35℃; Wavelength: 220nm; Cycle-time: 20min.
[0354] Step-12. To a solution of 24-11B (310 mg, 0.448 mmol) in dioxane (5 mL) was added 4M HCl (5 mL) dropwise at 0 ℃. The resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for 15 h. After completion, the reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure to afford 24-12 (220 mg, 0.372 mmol, 83%yield) as a yellow solid. LCMS (ESI) : m / z 592.1 [M+H] +.
[0355] Step-13. A mixture of (cyclopropylmethyl) hydrazine hydrochloride (3.41 g, 27.78 mmol) and Et3N (11.22 g, 111.12 mmol) in H2O (50 mL) was stirred at room temperature for 0.5h. Then a solution of diethyl 2- (ethoxymethylene) malonate (6 g, 27.78 mmol) in EtOH (25 mL) was added, the resulting mixture was stirred at 100℃ for 6h. After completion, the reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue, which was subjected to silica gel column chromatography to afford ethyl 1-(cyclopropylmethyl) -5-hydroxy-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxylate (3 g, 14.27 mmol, 51%yield) . LCMS (ESI) : m / z 211.1 [M+H] +.
[0356] Step-14. To a solution of ethyl 1- (cyclopropylmethyl) -5-hydroxy-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxylate (4 g, 19.02 mmol) in DMF (40 mL) was added MeI (5.4 g, 38.04 mmol) and K2CO3 (5.26 g, 38.04 mmol) , the reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 16 h. After completion, the resulting mixture was poured into H2O (200 mL) , extracted with EtOAc (100 mL x 3) . The combined organic layers were dried over anhydrous Na2SO4, concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue, which was subjected to silica gel column chromatography to afford ethyl 1- (cyclopropylmethyl) -5-methoxy-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxylate (3 g, 13.39 mmol, 70%yield) . LCMS (ESI) : m / z 225.2 [M+H] +.
[0357] Step-15. To a solution of ethyl 1- (cyclopropylmethyl) -5-methoxy-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxylate (3 g, 13.39 mmol) in EtOH (30 mL) was added aq. NaOH (15 mL, 4M) , the mixture was stirred at 50℃ for 16h. After completion, the resulting mixture was cooled to room temperature and adjusted pH to 3, the solid was collected and washed with water (100 mL) and MeOH (60 mL) , and then subjected to silica gel column chromatography to afford 1- (cyclopropylmethyl) -5-methoxy-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxylic acid (2.5 g, 12.76 mmol, 95%yield) . LCMS (ESI) : m / z 197.1 [M+H] +.
[0358] Step-16. To a mixture of 24-12 (200 mg, 0.34 mmol) and 1- (cyclopropylmethyl) -5-methoxy-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxylic acid (134 mg, 0.68 mmol) in DMAc (2 mL) was added EDCI (129 mg, 0.68 mmol) , HOBt (92 mg, 0.68 mmol) and DMAP (124 mg, 1.01 mmol) . The resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 h. After completion, the resulting mixture was subjected to silica gel column chromatography to afford 24-16 (200 mg, 0.26 mmol, 77%yield) as a yellow solid. LCMS (ESI) : m / z 770.2 [M+H] +.
[0359] Step-17. To a stirred mixture of 24-16 (180 mg, 0.23 mmol) in DMAc (3 mL) was added LiCl (99 mg, 2.34 mmol) . The resulting mixture was stirred at 100 ℃ for 20 h. The crude was purified by prep-HPLC to afford Compound 24. Yield: 29 mg, 15.6%. 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 10.51 (s, 1H) , 8.06 –7.95 (m, 2H) , 7.75 (d, J = 7.2 Hz, 1H) , 7.65 (s, 1H) , 6.79 (s, 1H) , 5.58 –5.50 (m, 1H) , 4.62 (s, 1H) , 4.27-4.20 (m, 2H) , 3.84-3.72 (m, 5H) , 3.69–3.62 (m, 2H) , 3.55-3.50 (m, 2H) , 3.10-2.97 (m, 2H) , 2.85-2.64 (m, 3H) , 2.18-2.11 (m, 1H) , 1.47 (d, J = 7.2 Hz, 3H) , 1.40 (s, 3H) , 1.20 –1.11 (m, 1H) , 0.51-0.42 (m, 2H) , 0.37 –0.29 (m, 2H) . 19F NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ -60.85 (s) . 100%de; Retention time: 12.471 min. LCMS (ESI) : m / z 756.2 [M+H] +.
[0360] Analytical method: Column: ChiralPak IG, 250×4.6mm I.D., 5um, Mobile phase: A for n-Hexane (0.05%DEA) and C for ethanol, Gradient: 40 min @C 40%, Flow rate: 1.0 mL / min, Column temperature: 25℃. Example 7. Syntheses of Compound 30, Compound 31, Compound 32, and Compound 33
[0361] Step-1. To a solution of 1- (benzyloxy) -1H-imidazole (2.0 g, 11.48 mmol) in THF (20 mL) was added n-BuLi in THF (2.5M, 9.2 mL) at -68 ℃ under N2 atmosphere. The mixture was stirred at -68 ℃ for 1 h, then was added MeI (3.1 g, 21.8 mmol) and then stirred at room temperature for 1 h. After completion, the mixture was partitioned between EtOAc (20 mL) and water (20 mL) . The organic layer was washed with water (30 mL) and brine (30 mL) , dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated to afford a residue. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (Petroleum ether / EtOAc = 1: 1) to afford 30-1 (1.9 g, 10.11 mmol, 74.8%yield) .
[0362] Step-2. To the solution of 30-1 (1.9 g, 10.11 mmol) in THF (20 mL) was added TMEDA (2.4 g, 20.22 mmol) and n-BuLi in THF (2.5M, 12.1 mL) at -68 ℃ under N2 atmosphere. The mixture was stirred at -68 ℃ for 1 h, added DMF (3.7 g, 50.55 mmol) , stirred at -68 ℃ for 30 min and then stirred at room temperature for 1 h. After completion, the mixture was partitioned between EtOAc (20 mL) and water (20 mL) . The organic layer was washed with water (20 mL) and brine (20 mL) , dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated to afford a residue. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (Petroleum ether / EtOAc = 1: 1) to afford 30-2 (500 mg, 2.31 mmol, 24.2%yield) .
[0363] Step-3. To a solution of 30-2 (500 mg, 2.31 mmol) in t-BuOH (31 mL) was added 2-methylbut-2-ene (1.8 mL) at room temperature. Then the mixture was added NaClO2 (1.9 g, 20.79 mmol) and the solution of NaH2PO4 (2.2 g, 16.17 mmol) in H2O (20.5 mL) and stirred at room temperature for 1 h. After completion, the mixture was filtered and the filtrate was concentrated to afford 30-3 (300 mg, 1.29 mmol, 55.9%yield) .
[0364] Step-4. Pd / C (30 mg) was added to a solution of 30-3 (300 mg, 1.29 mmol) in MeOH (3 mL) at room temperature under H2 atmosphere. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 h under H2 atmosphere. After completion, the mixture was filtered and the filtrate was concentrated, then lyophilization to afford 30-4 (150 mg, 1.07 mmol, 81.9%yield) .
[0365] Step-5. To a solution of 30-0 (700 mg, 1.22 mmol) in DMSO (7 mL) was added Piperazine (505 mg, 5.87 mmol) at room temperature under N2 atmosphere. The mixture was stirred at 120 ℃ for 8 h. After completion, the reaction mixture was cooled, poured into H2O (10 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (10 mL x 3) . The combined organic extracts were dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (Petroleum ether / EtOAc = 1: 1) to afford 30-5 (400 mg, 0.69 mmol, 59.7%yield) .
[0366] Step-6. HATU (341 mg, 0.90 mmol) and DIEA (268 mg, 2.07 mmol) were added to a solution of 30-4 (108 mg, 0.76 mmol) in DMF (4 mL) at room temperature under N2 atmosphere. The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 20 min, added 30-5 (400 mg, 0.69 mmol) and stirred at room temperature for 1 h. After completion, the mixture was poured into H2O (10 mL) and extracted with DCM (10 mL x 2) . The combined organic layers were dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue, which was purified by prep-HPLC (acetonitrile with 0.1%FA in water, 30%to 70%) then chiral separation (chiral separation conditions: The 1st separation: Column: CHIRALPAK IM, 2cm × 25cm, 5μm. Mobile phase A: Hex (0.1%FA) , Mobile phase B: EtOH and DCM, Flow rate: 20 mL / min. Column temperature: 25℃. Wavelength: 220nm. The 2nd separation: Column: CHIRALPAK IM, 2cm × 25cm, 5μm. Mobile phase A: Hex (0.1%FA) , Mobile phase B: MeOH and DCM, Flow rate: 20 mL / min. Column temperature: 25℃. Wavelength: 220nm. ) to give the following four isomers:
[0367] Compound 30. Yield: 15.7 mg, 3.2%; 1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) : δ 10.51 (s, 1H) , 8.02 –7.90 (m, 2H) , 7.75 (d, J = 8.7 Hz, 1H) , 7.18 (s, 1H) , 6.80 (s, 1H) , 5.60 –5.50 (m, 1H) , 4.25 (s, 2H) , 3.90 –3.67 (m, 3H) , 3.50 –3.30 (m, 4H) , 3.12 –2.88 (m, 4H) , 2.70 –2.42 (m, 3H) , 2.31 (s, 3H) , 2.22 –2.04 (m, 1H) , 1.42 (d, J = 7.2 Hz, 3H) . HPLC purity: 98.79%; ee = 100% (retention time = 3.46 min, analytical condition: Column: CHIRALPAK IM, 4.6mm × 100mm, 5μm. Mobile phase A (30%) : Hex (0.1%FA) , Mobile phase B (70%) : IPA / DCM = 1 / 1, Flow rate: 1.0 mL / min. Column temperature: 25℃. Wavelength: 254nm. ) ; LCMS m / z 702.2 [M+H] +.
[0368] Compound 31. Yield: 20.5 mg, 4.2%; 1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) : δ 10.48 (s, 1H) , 8.02 –7.90 (m, 2H) , 7.74 (d, J = 10.2 Hz, 1H) , 7.21 (s, 1H) , 6.77 (s, 1H) , 5.69 –5.57 (m, 1H) , 4.24 (s, 2H) , 3.90 –3.68 (m, 3H) , 3.50 –3.20 (m, 4H) , 3.16 –2.85 (m, 4H) , 2.70 –2.50 (m, 4H) , 2.32 (s, 3H) , 1.51 (d, J = 6.9 Hz, 3H) . HPLC purity: 99.01%; ee = 99.28% (retention time = 7.69 min, analytical condition: Column: CHIRALPAK IM, 4.6mm × 100mm, 5μm. Mobile phase A (30%) : Hex (0.1%FA) , Mobile phase B (70%) : IPA / DCM = 1 / 1, Flow rate: 1.0 mL / min. Column temperature: 25℃. Wavelength: 254nm. ) ; LCMS m / z 702.2 [M+H] +.
[0369] Compound 32. Yield: 15.1 mg, 3.1%; 1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) : δ 10.49 (s, 1H) , 8.05 –7.90 (m, 2H) , 7.74 (d, J = 8.7 Hz, 1H) , 7.22 (s, 1H) , 6.77 (s, 1H) , 5.70 –5.54 (m, 1H) , 4.24 (s, 2H) , 3.90 –3.66 (m, 3H) , 3.60 –2.90 (m, 8H) , 2.70 –2.36 (m, 4H) , 2.33 (s, 3H) , 1.51 (d, J = 6.9 Hz, 3H) . HPLC purity: 99.21%; ee = 98.71% (retention time = 11.09 min, analytical condition: Column: CHIRALPAK IM, 4.6mm × 100mm, 5μm. Mobile phase A (30%) : Hex (0.1%FA) , Mobile phase B (70%) : IPA / DCM = 1 / 1, Flow rate: 1.0 mL / min. Column temperature: 25℃. Wavelength: 254nm. ) ; LCMS m / z 702.2 [M+H] +.
[0370] Compound 33. Yield: 10.0 mg, 2.1%; 1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) : δ10.51 (s, 1H) , 8.03 –7.89 (m, 2H) , 7.75 (d, J = 8.7 Hz, 1H) , 7.18 (s, 1H) , 6.79 (s, 1H) , 5.60 –5.50 (m, 1H) , 4.25 (s, 2H) , 3.90 –3.65 (m, 3H) , 3.60 –2.90 (m, 8H) , 2.68 –2.45 (m, 3H) , 2.31 (s, 3H) , 2.20 –2.05 (m, 1H) , 1.42 (d, J = 7.2 Hz, 3H) . HPLC purity: 97.93%; ee =98.44% (retention time = 12.18 min, analytical condition: Column: CHIRALPAK IM, 4.6mm × 100mm, 5μm. Mobile phase A (30%) : Hex (0.1%FA) , Mobile phase B (70%) : IPA / DCM = 1 / 1, Flow rate: 1.0 mL / min. Column temperature: 25℃. Wavelength: 254nm. ) ; LCMS m / z 702.2 [M+H] +. Example 8. Syntheses of Compound 34, Compound 35, Compound 36 and Compound 37
[0371] Step-1. To a solution of aniline (27.2 g, 292 mmol) in HCl (150 mL) was added NaNO2 (20.2 g, 292 mmol) in H2O (200 mL) . It was stirred at 0℃ for 30 min. Urea (1.60 g, 26.6 mmol) was added. The mixture was added into 4-bromopyridine-2, 6-diamine (50 g, 266 mmol) in H2O (800 mL) . It was stirred at 25℃ for 1.5 hours. NaOAc (78.5 g, 957 mmol) in H2O (800 mL) was added. The mixture was 25℃ for 16 hours. After completion, It was filtrated and the solid was washed with H2O (200 mL x 2) to give 34-1 (70 g, 240 mmol, 90.1%yield) .
[0372] Step-2. To a solution of 34-1 (65 g, 222 mmol) in MeOH (650 mL) and pyridine (300 mL) was added CuSO4 (178 g, 1.11 mol) . The mixture was stirred at 80℃ for 3 hours. After completion, it was concentrated to remove MeOH and pyridine. The crude product was triturated with H2O (500 mL x 3) at 25 ℃ for 30 min. It was filtrated to give 34-2 (50 g, 172 mmol, 77.5%yield) .
[0373] Step-3. To a solution of 34-2 (49 g, 169 mmol) in MeCN (1000 mL) was added tert-butyl nitrite (34.8 g, 338 mmol) . The mixture was stirred at 0℃ for 40 min. CuBr (96.9 g, 676 mmol) was added. It was stirred at 80℃ for 16 hours. After completion, it was concentrated to remove MeCN. EtOAc (1000 mL) was added and stirred at 25℃ for 1 hour. The mixture was filtrated and the organic solve was concentrated to give crude product. The residue was purified by column chromatography (Petroleum ether: EtOAc = 3: 1) to give 34-3 (22 g, 62.1 mmol, 36.8%yield) .
[0374] Step-4. To a solution of 34-3 (22 g, 62.2 mmol) in MeOH (1000 mL) was added NaOMe (5.4 M, 17.26 mL) . The mixture was stirred at 25℃ for 1 hour. After completion, it was concentrated to give crude product. EtOAc (1000 mL) was added and the mixture was washed with H2O (300 ml x 2) , Brine (200 mL) , dried over Na2SO4, and concentrated to give crude product. The residue was purified by column chromatography (Petroleum ether: EtOAc = 3: 1) to give 34-4 (8 g, 26.2 mmol, 42.19%yield) .
[0375] Step-5. To a solution of 34-4 (2.8 g, 9.18 mmol) in dioxane (50 mL) and H2O (10 mL) was added methyl 4- (4, 4, 5, 5-tetramethyl-1, 3, 2-dioxaborolan-2-yl) pent-4-enoate (2.64 g, 11.0 mmol) , Pd (dppf) Cl2 (671 mg, 917 μmol) and K2CO3 (2.54 g, 18.4 mmol) . The mixture was stirred at 100℃ for 3 hours. After completion, the reaction mixture was quenched by addition H2O (30 mL) at 25 ℃, and then diluted with EtOAc (30 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (15 mL x 2) . The combined organic layers were washed with brine (15 mL x 2) , dried over Na2SO4, filtrated and concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue. The crude product was purified by column chromatography (Petroleum ether: EtOAc = 2: 1) to give 34-5 (2.5 g, 7.39 mmol, 80.5%yield) .
[0376] Step-6. To a solution of 34-5 (2.5 g, 7.39 mmol) in MeOH (40 mL) was added Pd / C (786 mg, 739 μmol, 10%purity) under nitrogen atmosphere. The suspension was degassed and purged with H2 for 3 times. The mixture was stirred under H2 (15 Psi) at 25 ℃ for 2 hours. After completion, the reaction mixture was filtrated and the filtrate was concentrated to give 34-6 (2.4 g, 7.05 mmol, 95.4%yield) .
[0377] Step-7. A solution of 34-6 (2.5 g, 7.34 mmol) in HBr / AcOH (50 mL) was stirred at 80℃ for 40 hours in a 100 mL of sealed tube. After completion, the reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuum to give 34-7 (2.2 g, 7.04 mmol, 96.0%yield) .
[0378] Step-8. To a solution of 34-7 (2.2 g, 7.04 mmol) in MeOH (50 mL) was added H2SO4 (691 mg, 7.04 mmol) . It was stirred at 70℃ for 1 hour. After completion, the reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuum to give 34-8 (2.30 g, 7.05 mmol, 100.00%yield) .
[0379] Step-9. To a solution of 34-8 (2.3 g, 7.05 mmol) in MeCN (50 mL) was added NBS (1.25 g, 7.05 mmol) . The mixture was stirred at 25℃ for 1 hour. After completion, it was concentrated to give crude product. The crude product was purified column chromatography (DCM: MeOH = 20: 1) to give 34-9 (2.2 g, 5.43 mmol, 77.0%yield) .
[0380] Step-10. To a solution of 34-9 (1.4 g, 3.45 mmol) in THF (56 mL) was added LDA (1 M, 24.18 mL) at -70℃. The mixture was stirred at -70℃ for 0.5 hour. TMSCl (1.13 g, 10.4 mmol) was added. The mixture was stirred at -70℃ for 0.5 hour. NBS (1.11 g, 6.22 mmol) was added. The mixture was stirred at -70℃ for 0.5 hour. LDA (1 M, 24.18 mL) , TMSCl (1.13 g, 10.4 mmol) and NBS (1.11 g, 6.22 mmol) was added again. The mixture was stirred at -70℃ for 0.5 hour. The mixture was stirred at 25℃ for 1 hour. After completion, the reaction mixture was quenched with sat. aq. NH4Cl (50 mL) , extracted with Ethyl acetate (50 mL x 2) . The combined organic layer was washed with Brine (50 mL) , dried over Na2SO4. The crude product was purified by column chromatography (Petroleum ether: EtOAc = 1: 1) to give methyl 34-10 (720 mg, 1.79 mmol, 51.7%yield) .
[0381] Step-11. To a solution of 34-10 (300 mg, 744 μmol) in NMP (3 mL) was added piperazine (2.56 g, 29.8 mmol) . The mixture was stirred at 120℃ for 2 hours. After completion, the reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuum to give crude product. The residue was purified by prep-HPLC (column: 41-WePure Biotech XP tC18 150 x 40 mm, 7 μm;mobile phase: [H2O (0.05%NH3H2O +10 mM NH4HCO3) -ACN] ; gradient: 0%-33%B over 11.0 min) to give 34-11 (100 mg, 254 μmol, 34.1%yield) .
[0382] Step-12. To a solution of 34-11 (100 mg, 254 μmol) in THF (3 mL) was added Et3N (77.0 mg, 761 μmol) , Boc2O (60.9 mg, 279 μmol) and DMAP (3.10 mg, 25.4 μmol) . The mixture was stirred at 25℃ for 1 hour. After completion, the reaction mixture was concentrated to give 34-12 (125 mg, 253 μmol, 99.7%yield) .
[0383] Step-13. To a solution of 34-12 (51.0 mg, 103 μmol) in DCM (4 mL) was added 2-chloro-4- (trifluoromethyl) aniline (90.8 mg, 464 μmol) , DMAP (37.8 mg, 309 μmol) , CMPI (94.9 mg, 371 μmol) and Et3N (93.9 mg, 928 μmol) . The mixture was stirred at 30℃ for 40 hours. After completion, it was concentrated to give crude product. The crude product was purified column chromatography (EtOAc) to give 34-13 (20 mg, 29.8 μmol, 28.9%yield) .
[0384] Step-14. A solution of 34-13 (30 mg, 44.6 μmol) in HCl / dioxane (2 mL) was stirred at 25℃ for 1 hour. After completion, the reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuum to give 34-14 (25 mg, 41.1 μmol, 92.1%yield) .
[0385] Step-15. To a solution of (5-hydroxy-6-methyl-pyrimidine-4-carbonyl) oxysodium (28.9 mg, 164 μmol) in MeCN (2 mL) was added pyridine hydrochloride (28.5 mg, 246 μmol) . It was stirred at 40℃ for 30 min. NMI (20.2 mg, 246 μmol) , 34-14 (25 mg, 41.1 μmol) and EDCI (39.4 mg, 205 μmol) was added. The mixture was stirred at 40℃ for 16 hours. After completion, the reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuum to give crude product. The residue was purified by prep-HPLC (column: 56-Boston Green ODS 150 x 30 mm, 5 μm; mobile phase: [H2O (0.05%HCl aq) -ACN] ; gradient: 44%-84%B over 9.0 min) to give 35-15a (cis isomer mixture) (3 mg, 4.24 μmol, 10.31%yield) and 35-15b (trans isomer mixture) (4 mg, 5.65 μmol, 13.75%yield) .
[0386] Step-16.35-15a (cis isomer mixture) (3 mg, 4.24 μmol) was separated by SFC (column: 101-DAICEL CHIRALPAK IM 250 x 30 mm, 10 μm; mobile phase: [CO2 -EtOH (0.1%NH3H2O) ] ; B%: 60%, isocratic elution mode) to give: Compound 34. Yield: 1.6 mg, 53.3%; 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 11.80 (s, 1H) , 8.61 (s, 1H) , 8.53 -8.56 (m, 1H) , 8.39 (s, 1H) , 8.17 -8.20 (m, 2H) , 7.67 (s, 1H) , 7.54 -7.61 (m, 1H) , 7.43 -7.53 (m, 3H) , 5.23 -5.73 (m, 2H) , 3.87 -3.92 (m, 3H) , 2.95 -3.10 (m, 3H) , 2.60 (s, 3H) , 2.38 -2.48 (m, 1H) , 1.97 -2.11 (m, 1H) , 1.65 -1.69 (m, 3H) , 1.34 -1.38 (m, 2H) ; HPLC purity: 99.63%; LCMS m / z 708.3 [M+H] +. Compound 35. Yield: 1.1 mg, 36.7%; 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 11.85 (s, 1H) , 8.62 (s, 1H) , 8.53 (d, J = 8.8 Hz, 1H) , 8.39 (s, 1H) , 8.17 (d, J = 7.6 Hz, 2H) , 7.67 (s, 1H) , 7.44 -7.59 (m, 4H) , 5.33 -5.37 (m, 2H) , 3.57 -4.13 (m, 3H) , 2.80 -3.18 (m, 3H) , 2.60 (s, 3H) , 2.38 -2.48 (m, 1H) , 1.66 -1.70 (m, 4H) , 1.29 -1.41 (m, 2H) ; HPLC purity: 100%; LCMS m / z 708.3 [M+H] +.
[0387] Step-17.35-15b (trans isomer mixture) (4 mg, 5.63 μmol) was separated by SFC (column: DAICEL CHIRALPAK IC (250mm x 30 mm, 10 μm) ; mobile phase: [CO2 -EtOH: CAN = 4: 1 (0.1%NH3H2O) ] ; B%: 55%, isocratic elution mode) to give: Compound 36.Yield: 1.7 mg, 42.5%; 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 11.85 (s, 1 H) , 8.51 -8.67 (m, 3H) , 8.16 -8.29 (m, 2H) , 7.61 -7.65 (m, 1H) , 7.45 -7.50 (m, 4H) , 4.76 -5.70 (m, 2H) , 3.73 -4.20 (m, 3H) , 2.79 -3.59 (m, 4H) , 2.54 -2.66 (m, 4H) , 1.55 -1.61 (m, 5H) ; HPLC purity: 96.51%; LCMS m / z 708.1 [M+H] +. Compound 37. Yield: 1.8 mg, 45.0%; 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 11.80 (s, 1H) , 8.52 -8.66 (m, 3H) , 8.23 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 2H) , 7.64 (s, 1H) , 7.46 -7.59 (m, 4H) , 4.74 -5.69 (m, 2H) , 3.75 -4.21 (m, 3H) , 2.74 -3.63 (m, 4H) , 2.52 -2.65 (m, 4H) , 1.55 -1.62 (m, 5H) ; HPLC purity: 94.42%; LCMS m / z 708.3 [M+H] +. Example 9. Syntheses of Compound 38 and Compound 39
[0388] Step-1. To a solution of NaH (41.8 g, 1.05 mol, 60%purity) in THF (600 mL) was added dropwise a solution of 3- [tert-butyl (dimethyl) silyl] oxypropan-1-ol (99.5 g, 523 mmol) in THF (200 mL) blow 20℃ under nitrogen. It was stirred at 0℃ for 30 minutes. Then a solution of ethyl 4-chloro-3-oxo-butanoate (86 g, 523 mmol) in THF (200 mL) was added dropwise at 20℃. The reaction mixture was stirred at 20℃ for 16 hours. After completion, the mixture was cooled to 5℃ and poured into ice aq. sat. NH4Cl (500 mL) , extracted with Ethyl acetate (300 mL x 2) . The combined organic layer was washed with brine (500 mL) , dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated in vacuum. The crude product was purified by silica gel column (Ethyl acetate in hexane from 0 to 20%) to give 38-1 (120 g, 377 mmol, 72.1%yield) .
[0389] Step-2. To a solution of 3-bromo-1H-1, 2, 4-triazol-5-amine (42 g, 258 mmol) and 38-1 (100 g, 314 mmol) in AcOH (500 mL) was heated to 80℃ and stirred for 16 hours. After completion, the mixture was concentrated to remove AcOH, the residue was added into HCl / dioxane (100 mL, 2M) and stirred for 1 hour. The solution was concentrated to give 38-2 (85 g, 246 mmol, 95.5%yield) .
[0390] Step-3. To a solution of 38-2 (85 g, 246 mmol) in MeOH (300 mL) and H2O (100 mL) was added NaOH (29.6 g, 739 mmol) . The mixture was stirred at 20℃ for 3 hours. After completion, the reaction was adjusted to pH = 3 with 3M aq. HCl and concentrated. The residue was purified by column chromatography (MeOH in DCM from 0 to 20%) to give 38-3 (42 g, 139 mmol, 56.3%yield) .
[0391] Step-4. To a solution of 38-3 (22 g, 72.6 mmol) in DMF (320 mL) was added PDC (95.6 g, 254 mmol) . The mixture was stirred at 20℃ for 16 hours. After completion, silica gel (80 g) was added into the solution, then added iPrOH (200 mL) and stirred for 1 hour. EtOAc (400 mL) was added into the mixture. The mixture was filtered and washed with DCM : iPrOH = 10: 1 (120 mL x 2) . The filtrate was concentrated. The crude product was purified by column chromatography (MeOH in DCM from 0 to 10%) to give 38-4 (5 g, 15.8 mmol, 21.7%yield) .
[0392] Step-5. To a solution of 38-4 (5 g, 15.8 mmol) , 2- (3, 6-dihydro-2H-pyran-4-yl) -4, 4, 5, 5-tetramethyl-1, 3, 2-dioxaborolane (8.28 g, 39.4 mmol) in DMF (80 mL) and H2O (8 mL) was added K3PO4 (10 g, 47.3 mmol) and dicyclohexyl- [2- (2, 4, 6-triisopropylphenyl) phenyl] phosphane; methanesulfonate; [2- [2- (methylamino) phenyl] phenyl] palladium (1+) (2.04 g, 2.37 mmol) . The mixture was purged and degassed with nitrogen 3 times, then stirred at 100℃ for 16 hours. After completion, the reaction was cooled and adjusted to pH = 3 with 3M aq. HCl and concentrated in vacuum. The crude product was purified by silica gel column (MeOH in DCM from 0 to 15%) to give 38-5 (3 g, 9.37 mmol, 59.4%yield) .
[0393] Step-6. Solution 1: To a solution of 38-5 (3 g, 9.37 mmol) in THF (40 mL) was added with TEA (1.23 g, 12.18 mmol) and 2, 2-dimethylpropanoyl chloride (1.36 g, 11.2 mmol) at -78℃, the mixture was stirred at -78℃ for 15 minutes then 0℃ for 45 minutes.
[0394] Solution 2: To a solution of (S) -4-phenyloxazolidin-2-one (1.83 g, 11.2 mmol) in THF (20 mL) was added with n-BuLi (2.5 M, 4.5 mL) at -78℃, then mixture was stirred at -78℃ for 20 minutes.
[0395] Solution 1 was added to solution 2 via canula, the mixture was stirred at 20℃ for 1 hour. After completion, the reaction mixture was quenched with sat. aq. NH4Cl (50 mL) , extracted with Ethyl acetate (30 mL x 5) . The combined organic layer was dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated in vacuum. The crude product was purified by silica gel column (MeOH in DCM from 0 to 10%) to give 38-6 (1.9 g, 4.08 mmol, 43.6%yield) .
[0396] Step-7. To a solution of 38-6 (900 mg, 1.93 mmol) in THF (20 mL) was added with LiHMDS (1 M, 3.87 mL) at -65℃ under nitrogen atmosphere, then NBS (344 mg, 1.93 mmol) in THF (6 mL) was added, the mixture was stirred at -65℃ for 30 minutes. After completion, the reaction mixture was quenched by addition into 0.1 M aq. HCl (50 mL) , extracted with ethyl acetate: THF = 1: 1 (10 mL x 3) , dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated in vacuum. The crude product was purified by silica gel column (MeOH in DCM from 0 to 10%) to give 38-7 (820 mg, 1.51 mmol, 77.9%yield) .
[0397] Step-8. To a solution of 38-7 (820 mg, 1.51 mmol) in DMF (20 mL) was added NBS (214 mg, 1.21 mmol) . The mixture was stirred at 20℃ for 1 hour. After completion, the reaction mixture was adjusted to pH = 2 with 3 M aq. HCl, extracted with Ethyl acetate: THF = 1: 1 (20 mL x 3) . The combined organic layer was dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated in vacuum. The crude product was purified by silica gel column (MeOH in DCM from 0 to 10%) to give 38-8 (650 mg, 1.04 mmol, crude) .
[0398] Step-9. To a solution of 38-8 (650 mg, 1.04 mmol) in THF (18 mL) and H2O (6 mL) was added with LiOH·H2O (219 mg, 5.21 mmol) . The mixture was stirred at 20℃ for 30 minutes. After completion, the reaction mixture was adjusted to pH = 3 with 3 M aq. HCl, extracted with ethyl acetate: THF = 1: 1 (20 mL x 3) . The combined organic layer was dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated in vacuum to give 38-9 (500 mg, 1.05 mmol, crude) .
[0399] Step-10. 38-9 (410 mg, 858 μmol) in DMF (15 mL) was added with DIEA (554 mg, 4.29 mmol) . The mixture was stirred at 80℃ for 30 minutes. After completion, the reaction mixture was concentrated in high vacuum and purified by prep-HPLC (column: 56-Boston Green ODS 150 x 30 mm, 5 μm; mobile phase: [H2O (0.05%HCl aq) -ACN] ; gradient: 3%-43%B over 9.0 min) to give 38-10 (90 mg, 227 μmol, 26.4%yield) .
[0400] Step-11. To a solution of 38-10 (90 mg, 227 μmol) in DCM (4 mL) was added 2-chloro-4- (trifluoromethyl) aniline (88.6 mg, 453 μmol) , pyridine (89.6 mg, 1.13 mmol) and POCl3 (69.5 mg, 453 μmol) at 20℃. It was stirred at 20℃ for 1 hour. After completion, the reaction mixture was quenched with H2O (1 mL) , extracted with DCM (1 mL) . The combined organic layer was dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated in vacuum. The residue was triturated with hexane (2 ml) , filtered to give 38-11 (60 mg, 104 μmol, 46.1%yield) .
[0401] Step-12. To a solution of 38-11 (60 mg, 104 μmol) in dioxane (2.5 mL) and H2O (0.5 mL) was added tert-butyl 4- (4, 4, 5, 5-tetramethyl-1, 3, 2-dioxaborolan-2-yl) -3, 6-dihydro-2H-pyridine-1-carboxylate (64.6 mg, 209 μmol) , K3PO4 (66.5 mg, 313 μmol) and Pd (dppf) Cl2 (15.3 mg, 20.9 μmol) . The mixture was purged and degassed with nitrogen for 3 times, then stirred at 90℃ for 2 hours. After completion, the reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuum. The crude product was purified by preparative TLC (silica, EtOAc, 254nm) to give 38-12 (25 mg, 36.9 μmol, 35.4%yield) .
[0402] Step-13. To a solution of 38-12 (25 mg, 36.9 μmol) in HCl / dioxane (2 M, 3 mL) was stirred at 20℃ for 2 hours. After completion, the reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuum to give 38-13 (22.5 mg, 36.7 μmol, 99.3%yield, HCl) .
[0403] Step-14. A stirred suspension of (5-hydroxy-6-methyl-pyrimidine-4-carbonyl) oxysodium (25.8 mg, 147 μmol) in MeCN (3 mL) was added with pyridine hydrochloride (25.4 mg, 220 μmol) , the mixture was stirred at 40℃ under nitrogen for 30 minutes, then NMI (18.1 mg, 220 μmol) , 38-13 (22.5 mg, 36.7 μmol, HCl) was slowly added, followed with EDCI (35.2 mg, 183 μmol) . The mixture was stirred at 40℃ under nitrogen for 16 hours. After completion, the reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuum and purified by prep-HPLC (column: 56-Boston Green ODS 150 x 30 mm, 5 μm; mobile phase: [H2O (0.05%HCl aq) -ACN] ; gradient: 27%-67%B over 9.0 min) to give 38-14 (racemic mixture) (16 mg, 22.4 μmol, 61.2%yield) .
[0404] Step-15.38-14 (racemic mixture) (16 mg, 22.4 μmol) was separated by SFC (column: DAICEL CHIRALPAK AD (250 x 30 mm, 10 μm) ; mobile phase: [CO2 -IPA (0.1%NH3H2O) ] ; B%: 60%, isocratic elution mode) to give: Compound 38, RT = 0.458 min. Yield: 7.5 mg, 46.87%; 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 11.85 (m, 1H) , 11.48 (m, 1H) , 8.63 (s, 1H) , 8.47 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1H) , 8.41 (s, 1H) , 7.66 (s, 1H) , 7.51 -7.59 (m, 1H) , 6.92 (s, 1H) , 5.67 -5.86 (m, 1H) , 5.26 -5.33 (m, 1H) , 4.92 -5.03 (m, 1H) , 4.72 (s, 2H) , 4.18 –4.53 (m, 5H) , 4.07 (s, 1H) , 3.85 -3.95 (m, 2H) , 2.70 (s, 2H) , 2.42 -2.66 (m, 5H) ; HPLC purity: 95.68%; LCMS m / z 713.3 [M+H] +.
[0405] Compound 39, RT = 1.077 min. Yield: 5.5 mg, 34.38%; 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 11.84 (s, 1H) , 11.34 (s, 1H) , 8.63 (s, 1H) , 8.47 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 1H) , 8.33 -8.44 (m, 1H) , 7.66 (s, 1H) , 7.51 -7.61 (m, 1H) , 6.92 (s, 1H) , 5.65 -5.83 (m, 1H) , 5.24 -5.34 (m, 1H) , 4.93 -5.04 (m, 1H) , 4.63 -4.81 (m, 2H) , 4.16 -4.55 (m, 5H) , 3.96 -4.15 (m, 1H) , 3.86 -3.94 (m, 2H) , 2.66 -2.78 (m, 2H) , 2.44 -2.66 (m, 5H) ; HPLC purity: 95.62%; LCMS m / z 713.3 [M+H] +. Example 10. Synthesis of Compound 40
[0406] The solution of 30-0 (100 mg, 0.18 mmol) and octahydro-6H-pyrazino [1, 2-c] pyrimidin-6-one (41 mg, 0.26 mmol) in NMP (0.8 mL) at room temperature was heated to 140 ℃ and stirred for 12 h. After completion of the reaction, the reaction mixture was cooled, poured into water (3 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (10 mL x 3) , the combined organic layers were washed with brine (10 mL x 3) , dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue. The residue was purified by pre-HPLC (acetonitrile with 0.1%formic acid in H2O, 42%to 75%) to afford Compound 40 (cis / trans mixture) (with 2 formic acids) Yield: 2.2 mg, 2.0%; 1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) : δ 10.54 (brs, 1H) , 8.45 (brs, 2H) , 8.08 –7.85 (m, 2H) , 7.82 –7.60 (m, 1H) , 6.79 (s, 1H) , 6.38 (s, 1H) , 5.72 –5.43 (m, 1H) , 4.34 –4.09 (m, 3H) , 3.90 –3.75 (m, 2H) , 3.75 –3.60 (m, 1H) , 3.20 –2.90 (m, 5H) , 2.88 –2.65 (m, 3H) , 2.20 –2.02 (m, 1H) , 2.00 –1.80 (m, 2H) , 1.70 –1.54 (m, 2H) , 1.53 –1.32 (m, 4H) ; HPLC purity: 97.15%; LCMS m / z 647.1 [M+H] +. Example 11. Synthesis of Compound 41
[0407] Step-1. A solution of NaH (60%) (3.7 g, 92.9 mmol) in DMF (100 mL) was added MeOH (2.4 g, 74.3 mmol) at 0 ℃ under N2 atmosphere. The mixture was stirred at 0 ℃ for 5 min, added 5-chloro-1-methyl-4-nitro-1H-pyrazole (10.0 g, 61.9 mmol) and stirred at 0 ℃ for 1 h. After completion, the mixture was poured into H2O (50 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (500 mL x 3) . The combined organic extracts were dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give a crude product, which was purified by silica gel column chromatography (Petroleum ether / EtOAc = 5: 1) to afford 41-1 (7.5 g, 47.7 mmol, 89.0%purity) as a white solid.
[0408] Step-2. A solution of 41-1 (1.5 g, 9.5 mmol) in MeOH (15 mL) was added Pd / C (202 mg) at room temperature under N2 atmosphere. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 15 h under H2 atmosphere. After completion, the mixture was filtered through a Celite pad, and the filtrate was concentrated to give 41-2 (850 mg, 6.7 mmol, 91.0%purity) as a yellow oil, which was used for next step directly without further purification.
[0409] Step-3. To the solution of 41-2 (850 mg, 6.7 mmol) in DMF (10 mL) was added DIEA (4.8 g, 36.9 mmol) and 4-bromo-1-fluoro-2-nitrobenzene (2.2 g, 10.1 mmol) at room temperature under N2 atmosphere. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 48 h. After completion, the mixture was poured into H2O (10 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (50 mL x 3) . The combined organic extracts were dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give a crude product, which was purified by silica gel column chromatography (Petroleum ether / EtOAC = 3: 1) to afford 41-3 (940 mg, 2.9 mmol, 96.0%purity) as a brown oil.
[0410] Step-4. To a solution of 41-3 (940 mg, 2.9 mmol) in EtOAc (10 mL) was added SnCl2 (2.0 g, 8.7 mmol) at room temperature under N2 atmosphere. The mixture was stirred at reflux for 2 h. After completion, the mixture was cooled, poured into H2O (10 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (50 mL x 3) . The combined organic extracts were dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give a crude product, which was purified by silica gel column chromatography (DCM / MeOH = 150: 1) to afford 41-4 (540 mg, 1.8 mmol, 93.0%purity) as a yellow oil.
[0411] Step-5. To the solution of 41-4 (540 mg, 1.8 mmol) in water (17 mL) and acetic acid (3.4 mL) cooled to -10 ℃ was added dropwise the solution of NaNO2 (124 mg, 1.8 mmol) in water (10 mL) . After that, the mixture was stirred at 0 ℃ for 30 min, then stirred at room temperature for 1 h, and finally stirred at 50 ℃ for 1 h. After completion, the mixture was cooled, poured into H2O (10 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (50 mL x 3) . The combined organic extracts were dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give a crude product, which was purified by silica gel column chromatography (Petroleum ether / EtOAc = 1: 1) to afford 41-5 (300 mg, 0.97 mmol, 49.0%yield) as a yellow solid.
[0412] Step-6. To a solution of 41-5 (300 mg, 0.97 mmol) and Pd (dppf) Cl2 (73 mg, 0.1 mmol) in dioxane (5 mL) was added KOAc (236 mg, 2.4 mmol) and 4, 4, 4', 4', 5, 5, 5', 5'-octamethyl-2, 2'-bi (1, 3, 2-dioxaborolane) (482 mg, 1.9 mmol) at room temperature under N2 atmosphere, the reaction mixture was stirred at 80 ℃ for 4 h. After completion, the mixture was cooled and extracted with EtOAc (50 mL x 3) . The combined organic extracts were dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give a crude product, which was purified by silica gel column chromatography (DCM / MeOH = 10: 1) to afford 41-6 (300 mg, 0.84 mmol, 86.6%yield) as a yellow oil.
[0413] Step-7. To a solution of 30-0 (100 mg, 0.17 mmol) and 41-6 (71 mg, 0.20 mmol) in dioxane (1.6 mL) and water (0.16 mL) was added K2CO3 (70 mg, 0.51 mmol) and tetrakis (triphenylphosphine) palladium (30 mg, 0.026 mmol) at room temperature, the mixture was stirred at 90 ℃ for 2 h. After completion of the reaction, the reaction mixture was cooled, poured into water (20 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (50 mL x 3) , the combined organic layers were washed with brine (50 mL x 3) , dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (DCM / MeOH = 10: 1) to afford 41-7 (cis / trans mixture) (60 mg, 0.08 mmol, 38.1%yield) as a yellow solid.
[0414] Step-8. A sealed vial was charged with 41-7 (60 mg, 0.08 mmol) and LiCl (34 mg, 0.80 mmol) in DMF (1 mL) at room temperature. The sealed vial was irradiated in the microwave at 170 ℃ for 25 min. After completion, the mixture was cooled, poured into H2O (5 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (30 mL x 3) . The combined organic extracts were dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue. The residue was purified by prep-HPLC (acetonitrile with 0.1%NH4HCO3 in water, 35%to 64%) to afford Compound 41 (cis / trans mixture) . Yield: 16.2 mg, 34.4%; 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 11.92 (brs, 2H) , 10.70 –10.47 (m, 2H) , 8.20 –8.10 (m, 2H) , 8.08 –7.93 (m, 4H) , 7.85 –7.71 (m, 2H) , 7.70 –7.60 (m, 4H) , 7.59 –7.51 (m, 2H) , 6.92 –6.79 (m, 2H) , 5.75 –5.60 (m, 2H) , 4.40 –4.20 (m, 4H) , 3.90 –3.70 (m, 6H) , 3.59 (s, 6H) , 3.18 –3.05 (m, 1H) , 2.75 –2.64 (m, 1H) , 2.60 –2.51 (m, 4H) , 2.47 –2.35 (m, 1H) , 2.20 –2.10 (m, 1H) , 0.88 (d, J = 7.2 Hz, 3H) , 0.80 (d, J = 6.8 Hz, 3H) . HPLC purity: 99.64%; LCMS m / z 705.0 [M-H] -. Example 12. Synthesis of Compound 42 and Compound 43
[0415] Step-1. To a solution of aniline (17.7 g, 190 mmol) in HCl (100 mL) was added NaNO2 (13.1 g, 190 mmol) in H2O (150 mL) . It was stirred at 0℃ for 30 minutes. Urea (1.04 g, 17.3 mmol) was added. The mixture was added into 4-bromopyridine-2, 6-diamine (32.5 g, 173 mmol) in H2O (600 mL) . It was stirred at 25℃ for 1.5 hours. NaOAc (51.1 g, 622 mmol) in H2O (600 mL) was added. The mixture was 25℃ for 16 hours. After completion, it was filtrated and the solid was washed with H2O (200 mL x 2) to give 42-1 (45 g, 154 mmol, 89.1%yield) .
[0416] Step-2. To a solution of 42-1 (44 g, 151 mmol) in MeOH (1000 mL) was added pyridine (238 g, 3.01 mol) and CuSO4 (120 g, 753 mmol) . The mixture was stirred at 80℃ for 3 hours. After completion, it was concentrated to remove MeOH and pyridine. The crude product was triturated with H2O (1000 mL x 3) at 25℃ for 30 minutes. It was filtrated to give 42-2 (45 g, crude) .
[0417] Step-3. To a solution of 42-2 (44 g, 152 mmol) in MeCN (800 mL) was added tert-butyl nitrite (31.3 g, 303 mmol) . The mixture was stirred at 0℃ for 40 minutes. CuBr (87 g, 607 mmol) was added. It was stirred at 80℃ for 16 hours. After completion, it was concentrated to remove MeCN. EtOAc (1000 mL) was added and stirred at 25℃ for 1 hour. The mixture was filtrated and the organic solve was concentrated to give crude product. The residue was purified by flash silica gel chromatography ( 330 g Silica Flash Column, Eluent of 0~100%Ethyl acetate / Petroleum ether gradient @200 mL / min) to give 42-3 (15 g, 42.4 mmol, 27.9%yield) .
[0418] Step-4. To a solution of BnOH (3.02 g, 28 mmol) in DMF (220 mL) was added NaH (1.24 g, 31.1 mmol, 60%purity) . The mixture was stirred at 0℃ for 40 minutes, 42-3 (11 g, 31.1 mmol) was added in one portion. It was stirred at 25℃ for 1 hour. After completion, quenched by addition H2O (500 mL) , filtered and the solid was washed with H2O (50 ml x 3) . The filtrate cake was purified by flash silica gel chromatography ( 120 g Silica Flash Column, Eluent of 0~100%DCM / n-hexane gradient @100 mL / min) to give 42-4 (9 g, 23.6 mmol, 76.0%yield) .
[0419] Step-5. To a solution of 42-4 (7.5 g, 19.7 mmol) in dioxane (100 mL) and H2O (20 mL) was added methyl (E) -5- (4, 4, 5, 5-tetramethyl-1, 3, 2-dioxaborolan-2-yl) pent-4-enoate (5.67 g, 23.6 mmol) , Pd (dppf) Cl2 (1.44 g, 1.97 mmol) and K2CO3 (5.44 g, 39.4 mmol) . The mixture was stirred at 100℃ for 1 hour under nitrogen protection. After completion, the reaction mixture was filtrated and concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue. The crude product was purified by flash silica gel chromatography ( 40 g Silica Flash Column, Eluent of 0~100%Ethyl acetate / Commercial hexanes gradient @50 mL / min) to give 42-5 (6.0 g, 14.5 mmol, 73.6%yield) .
[0420] Step-6. To a solution of 42-5 (5.8 g, 14 mmol) in MeOH (100 mL) and EtOAc (100 mL) was added Pd / C (1.49 g, 1.40 mmol, 10%purity) under nitrogen atmosphere. The suspension was degassed and purged with H2 for 3 times. The mixture was stirred under H2 (30 Psi) at 30℃ for 16 hours. After completion, the reaction mixture was filtrated and the filtrate was concentrated. The residue was triturated with hexane / EtOAc=10: 1 (50 mL) , filtered and dried in high vacuum to give methyl 42-6 (4.0 g, 12.3 mmol, 87.6%yield) .
[0421] Step-7. To a solution of 42-6 (1.0 g, 3.06 mmol) in THF (40 mL) was added NaHMDS (1 M, 12.3 mL) at -65℃. The mixture was stirred at -65℃ for 0.5 hour. TMSCl (1.36 g, 12.6 mmol) in THF (3 mL) was added. The mixture was stirred at -65℃ for 0.5 hour. NBS (900 mg, 5.06 mmol) in THF (6 mL) was added dropwise. The mixture was stirred at -65℃ for 1 hour. After completion, the reaction mixture was quenched with sat. aq. NH4Cl (20 mL) , extracted with Ethyl acetate (10 mL x 2) . The combined organic layer was washed with brine (50 mL) , dried over Na2SO4, concentrated to give 42-7 (1.2 g, crude) .
[0422] Step-8. To a solution of 42-7 (700 mg, 1.45 mmol) in DMF (15 mL) was added DIEA (934 mg, 7.23 mmol) . The mixture was stirred at 80℃ for 0.5 hour. After completion, the reaction mixture was concentrated. The crude product was purified by flash silica gel chromatography ( 4 g Silica Flash Column, Eluent of 0~50%THF / Commercial hexanes gradient @25 mL / min) to give 42-8 (400 mg, crude) .
[0423] Step-9. To a solution of 42-8 (250 mg, 620 μmol) in NMP (3 mL) was added tert-butyl (1S, 6S) -2, 5-diazabicyclo [4.2.0] octane-2-carboxylate (1.32 g, 6.20 mmol) . The mixture was stirred at 120℃ for 2 hours. After completion, the reaction mixture was cooled to 20℃ and quenched by addition H2O (3 mL) , then adjusted the pH to 4 with HCl (2N) . The aqueous phase was extracted with EtOAc (3 mL x 3) , then the combined organic layers were concentrated. The residue in THF (3 mL) and H2O (1.5 mL) was added LiOH·H2O (47.1 mg, 1.12 mmol) . Then the reaction mixture was stirred for 2 hours at 20℃. After completion, the reaction mixture was adjusted to the pH 4~5 with HCl (2N) . The aqueous phase was extracted with EtOAc (3 mL x 3) , then the combined organic layers were dried over Na2SO4, concentrated. The residue was purified by prep-HPLC (56-Boston Green ODS 150 x 30mm, 5 μm; mobile phase: [H2O (0.05%HCl aq) -ACN] ; gradient: 43%-83%B over 9.0 min) to give Isomer I, 42-9A (30 mg, 57.6 μmol, 10.3%yield, Retention time = 2.973 min) and Isomer II, 42-9B (30 mg, 57.6 μmol, 10.3%yield, Retention time = 3.153 min) .
[0424] Step-10. To a solution of 42-9A (30 mg, 57.6 μmol) in DCM (3 mL) was added 2-chloro-4- (trifluoromethyl) aniline (33.8 mg, 173 μmol) and pyridine (45.6 mg, 576 μmol) . Then POCl3 (35.3 mg, 231 μmol) was added dropwise at 0℃. The mixture was stirred at 20℃ for 1 hour. After completion, the reaction mixture was quenched by addition into sat. aq. NaHCO3 (5 mL) , extracted with DCM (1 mL x 2) , the combined organic layers were washed with brine (5 mL) , dried over anhydrous Na2SO4 and concentrated. The residue was purified by preparative TLC (silica, EtOAc: hexane = 2: 1, 254 nm) to give 42-10 (25 mg, 35.8 μmol, 62.1%yield) .
[0425] Step-11. A solution of 42-10 (25 mg, 35.8 μmol) in HCl / dioxane (5 mL) was stirred at 20℃ for 3 hours. After completion, the reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuum to give 42-11 as HCl salt (22 mg, 34.7 μmol, 96.8%yield) .
[0426] Step-12. To a solution of (5-hydroxy-6-methyl-pyrimidine-4-carbonyl) oxysodium (24.4 mg, 139 μmol) in MeCN (3 mL) was added pyridine hydrochloride (24 mg, 208 μmol) . The mixture was stirred at 40℃ for 30 min. 1-methylimidazole (17.1 mg, 208 μmol) , 42-11 (22 mg, 34.7 μmol) and EDCI (33.2 mg, 173 μmol) were added. The mixture was stirred at 40℃ for 16 hours. After completion, the reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuum to give crude product. The residue was purified by prep-HPLC (column: 56-Boston Green ODS 150 x 30 mm, 5 μm; mobile phase: [H2O (0.05%HCl aq) -ACN] ; gradient: 50%-90%B over 9.0 min) to give Compound 42. Yield: 11.34 mg, 44.5%; 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 10.58 (s, 1H) , 10.33 (s, 1H) , 8.51 -8.63 (m, 1H) , 8.11 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 2H) , 7.96 (s, 1H) , 7.83 -7.90 (m, 1H) , 7.69 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H) , 7.60 -7.66 (m, 2H) , 7.50 -7.57 (m, 1H) , 5.61 -5.67 (m, 1H) , 4.33 -4.51 (m, 1 H) , 3.73 -4.02 (m, 1H) , 3.42 -3.52 (m, 2H) , 3.27 -3.31 (m, 3H) , 3.13 -3.19 (m, 1H) , 2.96 -3.04 (m, 1H) , 2.43 (s, 3H) , 2.28 -2.37 (m, 2H) , 1.78 -1.92 (m, 2H) , 1.53 -1.66 (m, 1H) , 1.28 -1.43 (m, 2H) ; HPLC purity: 100%; LCMS m / z 734.3 [M+H] +. Chiral analysis: retention time = 1.659 min. ee%: > 99.9. Method: Column: Chiralcel OD-3 50×4.6mm I.D., 3um; Mobile phase: A: CO2; B: ethanol (0.2%MNH3) ; Gradient: from 5%to 40%of B in 1.5 min and hold 40%for 1.0 min, then 5%of B for 0.5 min, Flow rate: 4mL / min, Column temp.: 35℃, ABPR: 1500psi.
[0427] Step-13. To a solution of 42-9B (30 mg, 57.6 μmol) in DCM (3 mL) was added 2-chloro-4- (trifluoromethyl) aniline (33.8 mg, 173 μmol) and pyridine (45.6 mg, 576 μmol) . Then POCl3 (35.3 mg, 231 μmol) was added dropwise at 0℃. The mixture was stirred at 20℃ for 1 hour. After completion, the reaction mixture was quenched by addition into sat. aq. NaHCO3 (5 mL) , extracted with DCM (1 mL x 2) , the combined organic layers were washed with brine (5 mL) , dried over anhydrous Na2SO4 and concentrated. The residue was purified by preparative TLC (silica, EtOAc: hexane = 2: 1, 254 nm) to give 42-13 (20 mg, 28.6 μmol, 33.1%yield) .
[0428] Step-14. A solution of 42-13 (20 mg, 28.6 μmol) in HCl / dioxane (5 mL) was stirred at 20℃ for 2 hours. After completion, the reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuum to give 42-14 as a HCl salt (18 mg, 28.4 μmol, 99%yield) .
[0429] Step-15. To a solution of (5-hydroxy-6-methyl-pyrimidine-4-carbonyl) oxysodium (20 mg, 113 μmol) in MeCN (3 mL) was added pyridine hydrochloride (19.7 mg, 170 μmol) . The mixture was stirred at 40℃ for 30 minutes. 1-methylimidazole (14 mg, 170 μmol) , 42-14 (18 mg, 28.4 μmol) and EDCI (27.2 mg, 142 μmol) were added. The mixture was stirred at 40℃ for 16 hours. After completion, the reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuum to give crude product. The residue was purified by prep-HPLC (column: 56-Boston Green ODS 150 x 30 mm, 5 μm; mobile phase: [H2O (0.05%HCl aq) -ACN] ; gradient: 50%-90%B over 9.0 min) to give Compound 43. Yield: 9.35 mg, 44.9%; 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 10.58 (s, 1H) , 10.38 (s, 1H) , 8.56 (s, 1H) , 8.11 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 2H) , 7.96 (s, 1H) , 7.85 (d, J = 8.6 Hz, 1H) , 7.69 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H) , 7.60 -7.66 (m, 2H) , 7.49 -7.57 (m, 1H) , 5.61 -5.69 (m, 1H) , 4.38 -4.54 (m, 1H) , 3.76 (d, J = 7.4 Hz, 1H) , 3.41 -3.55 (m, 3H) , 3.16 -3.30 (m, 3H) , 3.01 (d, J = 10.8 Hz, 1H) , 2.43 (s, 3H) , 2.31 -2.39 (m, 2H) , 1.76 -1.91 (m, 2H) , 1.57 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H) , 1.29 -1.41 (m, 2H) ; HPLC purity: 99.71%; LCMS m / z 734.4 [M+H] +. Chiral analysis: retention time = 2.186 min. ee%: 99.26. Method: Column: Chiralcel OD-3 50×4.6mm I.D., 3um; Mobile phase: A: CO2; B: ethanol (0.2%MNH3) ; Gradient: from 5%to 40%of B in 1.5 min and hold 40%for 1.0 min, then 5%of B for 0.5 min, Flow rate: 4mL / min, Column temp.: 35℃, ABPR: 1500psi. Example 13. Synthesis of Compound 50 and Compound 51
[0430] Step-1. A mixture of 42-8 (290 mg, 719 μmol) , tert-butyl piperazine-1-carboxylate (1.34 g, 7.19 mmol) in NMP (2.9 mL) was degassed and purged with N2 for 3 times, and then the mixture was stirred at 120℃ for 2 hours. After completion, the solution was added H2O (6 mL) , extracted with EtOAc (10 mL x 2) , washed with 5%of LiCl (10 mL x 2) , washed with brine (10 mL) , concentrated to give 50-1 (360 mg, crude) .
[0431] Step-2. To a mixture of 50-1 (360 mg, 354 μmol) in THF (3 mL) and H2O (1 mL) was added LiOH·H2O (44.5 mg, 1.06 mmol) and then the mixture was stirred at 25℃ for 1 hour. After completion, the solution was concentrated to remove THF (3 mL) , diluted with H2O (2 mL) . The solution was adjusted to pH = 3, extracted with EtOAc (5 mL x 2) , then the combined organic layers were dried over Na2SO4, concentrated to give yellow solid. The yellow solid was triturated with MeOH (5 mL) at 25℃ for 15 minutes to give 50-2 (120 mg, 243 μmol, 68.6%yield) .
[0432] Step-3. To a mixture of 50-2 (100 mg, 202 μmol) , 2-chloro-4- (trifluoromethyl) aniline (79.1 mg, 404 μmol) , pyridine (144 mg, 1.82 mmol) in DCM (8 mL) at 0℃, was added POCl3 (62.0 mg, 404 μmol) in DCM (3 mL) dropwise. The mixture was stirred at 25℃ for 1.5 hours. After completion, the solution was quenched by sat. aq. NaHCO3 (2 mL) , extracted with DCM (2 mL x 2) , then the combined organic layers were dried over Na2SO4, concentrated the residue was purified by column chromatography (SiO2, hexanes : Ethyl acetate = 100 / 1 to 0 / 1) to give 50-3 (50 mg, 74.4 μmol, 36.8%yield, ) .
[0433] Step-4. A mixture of 50-3 (25.0 mg, 37.2 μmol) in HCl / dioxane (10 mL) was stirred at 40℃ for 2 hours under nitrogen protection. After completion, the solution was concentrated to give 50-4 (25.0 mg, crude) .
[0434] Step-5. To a solution of (5-hydroxy-6-methyl-pyrimidine-4-carbonyl) oxysodium (28.3 mg, 161 μmol) in MeCN (2 mL) was added pyridine hydrochloride (27.9 mg, 241 μmol) . The mixture was stirred at 40℃ for 30 minutes. 1-methylimidazole (19.8 mg, 241 μmol) , 50-4 (23.0 mg, 40.2 μmol) and EDCI (38.5 mg, 201 μmol) were added. The mixture was stirred at 40℃ for 16 hours. After completion, the solution was concentrated. The residue was purified by prep-HPLC (column: 56-Boston Green ODS 150 × 30mm, 5μm; mobile phase: [H2O (0.05%HCl) -ACN] ; gradient: 42%-82%B over 9.0 min) to give 50-5 (10.0 mg, 14.1 μmol, 35.1%yield) .
[0435] Step-6. The mixture of 50-5 (10.0 mg, 14.1 μmol) was separated by SFC (column: 56-Boston Green ODS 150 × 30mm, 5μm; mobile phase: [H2O (0.05%HCl) -ACN] ; gradient: 42%-82%B over 9.0 min) , the fraction was concentrated to give Compound 50. Retention time = 0.353min; ee%: 99.10; . Yield: 2.96 mg, 29.6%; 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ ppm 11.88 (s, 1H) , 8.62 (s, 1H) , 8.50 (d, J = 8.6 Hz, 1H) , 8.17 -8.23 (m, 2H) , 8.09 (s, 1H) , 7.64 (d, J = 1.6 Hz, 1H) , 7.54 –7.57 (m, 1H) , 7.48 -7.53 (m, 2H) , 7.42 -7.47 (m, 1H) , 5.63 (d, J = 11.6 Hz, 1H) , 5.40 -5.50 (m, 1H) , 4.80 (d, J = 11.6 Hz, 1H) , 3.87 -4.11 (m, 2H) , 3.45 -3.63 (m, 2H) , 3.12 (m, 2H) , 2.82 (s, 2H) , 2.61 -2.68 (m, 1H) , 2.60 (s, 3H) , 2.35 -2.43 (m, 1H) , 2.00 -2.11 (m, 2H) , 1.28 -1.37 (m, 1H) ; HPLC purity: 98.5%; LCMS m / z 708.3 [M+H] +.
[0436] Compound 51. Retention time =1.499 min; ee%: 99.14; Yield: 3.04 mg, 30.4%; 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ ppm 11.87 (s, 1H) , 8.62 (s, 1H) , 8.49 (d, J = 8.8 Hz, 1H) , 8.19 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 2H) , 8.11 (s, 1H) , 7.64 (d, J = 1.2 Hz, 1H) , 7.54 -7.58 (m, 1H) , 7.48 -7.52 (m, 2H) , 7.41 -7.46 (m, 1H) , 5.63 (d, J = 11.8 Hz, 1H) , 5.48 (d, J = 3.6 Hz, 1H) , 4.69 -4.88 (m, 1H) , 3.91 -4.08 (m, 2H) , 3.47 -3.63 (m, 2H) , 3.03 -3.17 (m, 2H) , 2.73 -2.94 (m, 2H) , 2.65 (d, J = 13.6 Hz, 1H) , 2.60 (s, 3H) , 2.36 -2.46 (m, 1H) , 1.98 -2.11 (m, 2H) ; HPLC purity: 95.67%; LCMS m / z 708.3 [M+H] +. Example 14. Synthesis of Compound 54 and Compound 55
[0437] Step-1. 6-ethoxy-6-oxo-hexanoic acid (40 g, 230 mmol) in THF (400 mL) was added with CDI (41 g, 253 mmol) , the mixture was stirred at 25℃ for 1 h, then (3-methoxy-3-oxo-propanoyl) oxypotassium (43 g, 276 mmol) , MgCl2 (32.8 g, 344 mmol) was added. The mixture was stirred at 25℃ for 12 h. After completion, the reaction mixture was filtered via a cake of celite, the cake was washed with EtOAc (200 mL) , then concentrated in vacuum. The crude product was purified by silica gel column (EtOAc in hexane from 0 to 30%) to give 54-1 (29 g, 126 mmol, 54.8%yield) .
[0438] Step-2. A mixture of 54-1 (30.9 g, 134 mmol) 5-bromo-4H-1, 2, 4-triazol-3-amine (19 g, 117 mmol ) in AcOH (200 mL) was stirred at 90℃ for 24 hours. After completion, the reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuum. The crude product was purified by trituration with hexane / EtOAc = 3 / 1, 300 mL, filtered to give 54-2 (32 g, 93.3 mmol, 79.9%yield) .
[0439] Step-3. To a solution of 54-2 (28 g, 81.6 mmol) in THF (560 mL) was added NaHMDS (1 M, 326 mL) at -65℃. The mixture was stirred at -65℃ for 30 min, then TMSCl (36.3 g, 334 mmol) was added. The mixture was stirred at -65℃ for 30 min, then NBS (15.4 g, 85.7 mmol) was added. The mixture was stirred at -65℃ for 1 h. After completion, the reaction mixture was quenched with sat. aq. NH4Cl (1 L) , extracted with EtOAc (1 L) . The combined organic layer was washed with brine (600 mL) dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated in vacuum to give 54-3 (40 g, crude) .
[0440] Step-4. To a solution of 54-3 (40 g, 94.8 mmol) in DMF (160 mL) was added DIEA (36.7 g, 284 mmol) . The mixture was stirred at 80℃ for 30 min. After completion, the reaction mixture was added with EtOAc (500 mL) , washed with brine (500 mL x 5) , dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated in vacuum. The crude product was purified by silica gel column (EtOAc in hexane from 0 to 100%) to give 54-4 (4.7 g, 13.8 mmol, 14.5%yield) .
[0441] Step-5. To a mixture of 54-4 (4.5 g, 13.2 mmol, crude) , N-methylmethanamine (5.38 g, 65.9 mmol, HCl salt) in toluene (40 mL) was added with xantphos (1.14 g, 1.98 mmol) , Pd2 (dba) 3 (1.21 g, 1.32 mmol) , Cs2CO3 (34.4 g, 105 mmol) . The mixture was stirred at 80℃ under N2 for 12 h. After completion, the reaction mixture was added with EtOAc (200 mL) and brine (100 mL) , extracted with EtOAc (150 mL x 2) . The combined organic layer was dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated in vacuum. The crude product was purified by silica gel column (EtOAc in hexane from 0 to 100%) to give 54-5 (920 mg, 3.01 mmol, 22.84%yield, crude) .
[0442] Step-6. 54-5 (920 mg, 3.01 mmol) in MeCN (20 mL) was added with NBS (536 mg, 3.01 mmol) in portions. The mixture was stirred at 25℃ for 12h. After completion, the reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuum, the crude product was added with EtOAc (30 mL) , washed with sat. aq. NaHCO3 (30 mL) , brine (30 mL) . The organic layer was dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated in vacuum to give 54-6 (1 g, 2.60 mmol, 86.4%yield) .
[0443] Step-7. A mixture of 54-6 (950 mg, 2.47 mmol) and tert-butyl (1S, 6S) -2, 5-diazabicyclo [4.2.0] octane-2-carboxylate (1.57 g, 7.42 mmol) in NMP (10 mL) was stirred at 120℃ for 1h. After completion, the reaction mixture was added with EtOAc (40 mL) , washed with brine (60 mL x 4) . The organic layer was dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated in vacuum. The crude product was purified by silica gel column (EtOAc in hexane from 0 to 100%) to give 54-7 (750 mg, 1.45 mmol, 58.83%yield) .
[0444] Step-8. A mixture of 54-7 (750 mg, 1.45 mmol) in THF (20 mL) / H2O (10 mL) was added with LiOH. H2O (610 mg, 14.5 mmol) . The mixture was stirred at 25℃ for 12 h. After completion, the reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuum to remove THF, then adjusted to pH = 4 with 1 M aq. HCl. The precipitated solid was filtered. The cake was washed with water (5 mL) , collected and dried under vacuum to give 54-8 (550 mg, 1.13 mmol, 77.55%yield) .
[0445] Step-9. To a mixture of 54-8 (550 mg, 1.13 mmol) , 2-chloro-4- (trifluoromethyl) aniline (441 mg, 2.26 mmol) , pyridine (446 mg, 5.64 mmol) in DCM (20 mL) was added POCl3 (346 mg, 2.26 mmol) . The mixture was stirred at 25℃ for 1h. After completion, the reaction mixture was quenched with sat. aq. NaHCO3 (20 mL) , the mixture was extracted with DCM (20 mL x 2) , dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated in vacuum. The crude product was purified by prep-HPLC (column: 56-Boston Green ODS 150 x 30mm, 5 μm; mobile phase: [H2O (0.05%HCl) -ACN] ; gradient: 56%-96%B over 9.0 min) to give Isomer I, 54-9A (180 mg, 271 μmol, 24.0%yield, Retention time = 5.754 min) and Isomer II 54-9B (200 mg, 301 μmol, 26.7%yield, Retention time = 5.868 min) .
[0446] Step-10. To a solution of 54-9A (180 mg, 270 μmol) in dioxane (2 mL) was added HCl / dioxane (2 M, 10 mL) . The mixture was stirred at 25℃ for 12 h. After completion, the reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuum to give 54-10 (160 mg, 266 μmol, 98.30%yield, HCl salt) .
[0447] Step-11. (5-hydroxy-6-methyl-pyrimidine-4-carbonyl) oxysodium (99.7 mg, 566 μmol) in MeCN (20 mL) was added with pyridine hydrochloride (98.2 mg, 849 μmol) . The mixture was stirred at 40℃ under nitrogen for 30 min. Then NMI (69.7 mg, 849 μmol) and 54-10 (80 mg, 141 μmol) were added, followed with EDCI (135 mg, 708 μmol) . The mixture was stirred at 40℃ under nitrogen for 1 hour. After completion, the reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuum. The crude product was purified by prep-HPLC (column: 56-Boston Green ODS 150 x 30 mm, 5 μm; mobile phase: [H2O (0.05%HCl) -ACN] ; gradient: 40%-80%B over 9.0 min) to give Compound 54. Yield: 50 mg, 50.4%; 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.68 (s, 1H) , 8.50 (s, 1H) , 8.41 (d, J = 8.6 Hz, 1H) , 7.66 (s, 1H) , 7.54 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H) , 5.39 -5.50 (m, 1H) , 4.82 (d, J = 8.2 Hz, 1H) , 4.28 (d, J = 2.8 Hz, 1H) , 3.50 -4.15 (m, 5H) , 3.33 -3.43 (m, 2H) , 3.06 (s, 7H) , 2.68 (s, 3H) , 2.55 (br d, J =13.2 Hz, 1H) , 2.05 -2.44 (m, 3H) , 1.72 -1.94 (m, 2H) ; HPLC purity: 100%; LCMS m / z 701.3 [M+H] +. Chiral analysis: retention time = 2.107 min. ee%: > 99.54. Method: Column: Chiralcel OD-3 50×4.6mm I.D., 3um; Mobile phase: A: CO2; B: ethanol (0.2%MNH3) ; Gradient: from 5%to 40%of B in 2 min and hold 40%for 0.5 min, then 5%of B for 0.5 min, Flow rate: 4mL / min, Column temp.: 35℃, ABPR: 1500psi.
[0448] Step-12. Isomer II 54-9B (200 mg, 301 μmol) in dioxane (2 mL) was added with HCl / dioxane (2 M, 10 mL) . The mixture was stirred at 25℃ for 12 h. After completion, the reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuum to give 54-12 (180 mg, 299 μmol, 99.5%yield, HCl salt) .
[0449] Step-13. (5-hydroxy-6-methyl-pyrimidine-4-carbonyl) oxysodium (125 mg, 708 μmol) in MeCN (20 mL) was added with pyridine hydrochloride (123 mg, 1.06 mmol) . The mixture was stirred at 40℃ under nitrogen for 30 min, then NMI (87.2 mg, 1.06 mmol) and 54-12 (100 mg, 177 μmol) were added, followed with EDCI (169.65 mg, 884.97 μmol) . The mixture was stirred at 40℃ under nitrogen for 1 h. After completion, the reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuum. The crude product was purified by prep-HPLC (column: 56-Boston Green ODS 150 x 30 mm, 5 μm; mobile phase: [H2O (0.05%HCl) -ACN] ; gradient: 40%-80%B over 9.0 min) to give Compound 55, Yield: 58 mg, 46.6%; 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.67 (s, 1H) , 8.51 (s, 1H) , 8.37 -8.46 (m, 1H) , 7.66 (s, 1H) , 7.54 (d, J = 8.8 Hz, 1H) , 5.42 (d, J = 3.2 Hz, 1H) , 4.63 -5.01 (m, 1H) , 4.19 -4.40 (m, 1H) , 3.84 -4.14 (m, 2H) , 3.65 -3.81 (m, 1H) , 3.17 -3.41 (m, 4H) , 3.07 (s, 7H) , 2.66 (s, 3H) , 2.49 -2.57 (m, 1H) , 2.10 -2.39 (m, 3H) , 1.76 -1.96 (m, 2H) ; HPLC purity: 99.73%; LCMS m / z 701.3 [M+H] +. Chiral analysis: retention time = 1.710 min. ee%: 93.84 (used the same analytical method as the one for Compound 54) . Example 15. Synthesis of Compound 56 and Compound 57
[0450] Step-1. To a solution of 54-4 (2.5 g, 7.33 mmol) in dioxane (50 mL) and H2O (10 mL) was added 2-isopropenyl-4, 4, 5, 5-tetramethyl-1, 3, 2-dioxaborolane (1.85 g, 11.0 mmol) , Pd (dppf) Cl2 (536 mg, 732 μmol) and K2CO3 (2.03 g, 14.6 mmol) under nitrogen. The mixture was stirred at 100℃ for 1 hour under nitrogen. After completion, it was concentrated to give a crude product. The residue was purified by column chromatography (DCM : Ethyl acetate=1: 1) to give 56-1 (1.0 g, 3.31 mmol, 45.1%yield) .
[0451] Step-2. To a solution of 56-1 (1.0 g, 3.31 mmol) in MeCN (20 mL) was added NBS (588 mg, 3.31 mmol) . The mixture was stirred at 25℃ for 1 hour. After completion, it was concentrated to give crude product. DCM (50 mL) was added. The organic layer was washed with aq. NaHCO3 (20 mL x 3) , brine (20 mL x 2) , dried over Na2SO4, and concentrated to give 56-2 (1.25 g, 3.28 mmol, 99.1%yield) .
[0452] Step-3. To a solution of 56-2 (1.25 g, 3.28 mmol) in NMP (10 mL) was added tert-butyl (1S, 6S) -2, 5-diazabicyclo [4.2.0] octane-2-carboxylate (2.09 g, 9.84 mmol) . The mixture was stirred at 120℃ for 30min. After completion, it was added H2O (100 mL) and filtered to give a solid. The residue was purified by flash silica gel chromatography (Commercial hexanes: Ethyl acetate) to give 56-3 (600 mg, 1.17 mmol, 35.7%yield) .
[0453] Step-4. To a solution of 56-3 (600 mg, 1.17 mmol) in THF (10 mL) and H2O (10 mL) was added LiOH. H2O (147 mg, 3.51 mmol) . The mixture was stirred at 25 ℃ for 1 hour. After completion, it was concentrated to remove THF. The mixture was adjusted to pH=3 by HCl (1M) . It was filtered and washed with H2O (10 mL x 2) to give 56-4 (560 mg, 1.16 mmol, 98.7%yield) .
[0454] Step-5. To a solution of 56-4 (560 mg, 1.16 mmol) in DCM (20 mL) was added 2-chloro-4- (trifluoromethyl) aniline (452 mg, 2.31 mmol) , pyridine (457 mg, 5.78 mmol) and POCl3 (354 mg, 2.31 mmol) . The mixture was stirred at 25℃ for 1 hour. After completion, aq. NaHCO3 (20 mL) was added. The organic layer was extracted with DCM (20 mL x 2) , washed with Brine (10 mL x 2) , dried over Na2SO4, concentrated to give crude product. The crude was purified by flash silica gel chromatography (Commercial hexanes : Ethyl acetate = 1: 1) to give 56-5 (700 mg, 1.06 mmol, 91.4%yield) .
[0455] Step-6. A solution of 56-5 (200 mg, 302 μmol) in HCl / dioxane (10 mL) was stirred at 25℃ for 1 hour. After completion, it was concentrated to give 56-6 (160 mg, 284 μmol, 94.2%yield) .
[0456] Step-7. To a solution of (5-hydroxy-6-methyl-pyrimidine-4-carbonyl) oxysodium (200 mg, 1.14 mmol) in MeCN (12 mL) was added pyridine hydrochloride (197 mg, 1.71 mmol) . It was stirred at 40℃ for 30 min. NMI (140 mg, 1.71 mmol) , 56-6 (160 mg, 284 μmol) and EDCI (272 mg, 1.42 mmol) were added. The mixture was stirred at 40℃ for 2 hours. After completion, it was concentrated to give crude product. It was added DMSO (3 mL) and poured into H2O (60 mL) . It was filtered to give 56-7 (70 mg, 100 μmol, 35.2%yield) .
[0457] Step-8. 56-7 (95 mg, 136 mol) was separated by SFC (column: REGIS (S, S) WHELK-O1 (250mm x 25mm, 10 um) ; mobile phase: [CO2-EtOH (0.1%NH3H2O) ] ; B%: 60%, isocratic elution mode) to give Compound 56. Retention time = 2.332 min, ee%: 96.96, Yield: 37.5 mg, 39.4%; 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO d6) δ 10.20 -10.62 (m, 2H) , 8.48 -8.61 (m, 1H) , 7.93 -8.02 (m, 1H) , 7.80 -7.89 (m, 1H) , 7.65 -7.77 (m, 1H) , 6.00 -6.10 (m, 1H) , 5.56 -5.67 (m, 1H) , 5.36 -5.47 (m, 1H) , 4.33 -4.49 (m, 1H) , 3.50 -3.56 (m 1H) , 3.36 -3.48 (m, 4H) , 3.20 -3.30 (m, 1H) , 2.83 -3.05 (m, 1H) , 2.44 (s, 3H) , 2.27 -2.38 (m, 2H) , 2.12 (s, 3H) , 1.76 -1.88 (m, 1H) , 1.70 -1.80 (m, 1H) , 1.57 -1.67 (m, 1H) , 1.28 -1.46 (m, 2H) , 1.10 -1.19 (m, 1H) ; HPLC purity: 98.2%; LCMS m / z 698.3 [M+H] +.
[0458] Compound 57. Retention time = 3.297min, ee%: 95.64, Yield: 30.8 mg, 32.4%; 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO d6) δ 10.13 -10.73 (m, 2H) , 8.52 -8.65 (m, 1H) , 7.95 -7.98 (m, 1H) , 7.81 -7.90 (m, 1H) , 7.68 -7.75 (m, 1H) , 5.99 -6.10 (m, 1H) , 5.57 -5.66 (m, 1H) , 5.41 -5.47 (m, 1H) , 4.34 -4.47 (m, 1H) , 3.52 -3.69 (m, 1H) , 3.34 -3.45 (m, 4H) , 3.13 -3.23 (m, 1H) , 2.91 -3.01 (m, 1H) , 2.42 -2.46 (m, 3H) , 2.31 -2.36 (m, 2H) , 2.09 -2.14 (m, 3H) , 1.84 -1.91 (m, 1H) , 1.71 -1.80 (m, 1H) , 1.58 -1.67 (m, 1H) , 1.30 -1.48 (m, 2H) , 1.12 -1.21 (m, 1H) ; HPLC purity: 95.6%; LCMS m / z 698.3 [M+H] +. Example 16. Synthesis of Compound 58 and Compound 59
[0459] Step-1. To a solution of ethyl 54-4 (500 mg, 1.47 mmol) in DMF (10 mL) was added 3-methoxyprop-1-yne (514 mg, 7.33 mmol) , TEA (445 mg, 4.40 mmol) , Pd (PPh3) 2Cl2 (103 mg, 147 μmol) and CuI (56 mg, 293 μmol) under nitrogen. The mixture was stirred at 80℃ for 2 hours under nitrogen. After completion, the reaction mixture was added with brine (30 mL) , extracted with EtOAc (10 mL x 2) . The combined organic layer was washed with brine (20 mL x 4) , dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated in vacuum. The residue was purified by column chromatography (EtOAc in hexane from 0 to 100%) to give 58-1 (320 mg, 969 μmol, 66.1%yield) .
[0460] Step-2. To a solution of 58-1 (320 mg, 969 μmol) in MeCN (10 mL) was added NBS (190 mg, 1.07 mmol) . The mixture was stirred at 25℃ for 1 hour. After completion, it was concentrated to give crude product. The residue was purified by column chromatography (EtOAc in hexane from 0 to 100%) to 58-2 (490 mg, crude) .
[0461] Step-3. To a solution of 58-2 (470 mg, 1.15 mmol) in NMP (10 mL) was added tert-butyl (1S, 6S) -2, 5-diazabicyclo [4.2.0] octane-2-carboxylate (731 mg, 3.45 mmol) . The mixture was stirred at 120℃ for 30 minutes. After completion, added with EtOAc (30 mL) , the mixture was washed with brine (30 mL x 3) , dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated in vacuum. The residue was purified by flash silica gel chromatography (EtOAc in hexane from 0 to 100%) to give 58-3 (350 mg, 647 μmol, 56.4%yield) .
[0462] Step-4. To a solution of 58-3 (350 mg, 647 μmol) in THF (6 mL) and H2O (2 mL) was added LiOH. H2O (272 mg, 6.47 mmol) . The mixture was stirred at 35℃ for 1 hour. After completion, it was concentrated to remove THF. The mixture was adjusted to pH = 4 by HCl (1M) . It was filtered and dried in high vacuum to give 58-4 (230 mg, 449 μmol, 69.3%yield) .
[0463] Step-5. To a solution of 58-4 (230 mg, 449 μmol) in DCM (10 mL) was added 2-chloro-4- (trifluoromethyl) aniline (176 mg, 897 μmol) , pyridine (177 mg, 2.24 mmol) and POCl3 (354 mg, 2.31 mmol) . The mixture was stirred at 0℃ for 30 mins. After completion, aq. NaHCO3 (10 mL) was added. The organic layer was extracted with DCM (10 mL x 2) , dried over Na2SO4, concentrated to give crude product. The residue was purified by flash silica gel chromatography (EtOAc in hexane from 0 to 75%) to give Isomer I, 58-5A (120 mg, 174 μmol, 38.7%yield, Retention time = 5.303 min) and Isomer II, 58-5B (100 mg, 145 μmol, 32.3%yield, Retention time = 5.517 min) .
[0464] Step-6. A solution of Isomer I, 58-5A (120 mg, 174 μmol) in HCl / dioxane (5 mL) was stirred at 35℃ for 1 hour. After completion, it was concentrated to give 58-6 (105 mg, 168 μmol, 96.4%yield) .
[0465] Step-7. To a solution of (5-hydroxy-6-methyl-pyrimidine-4-carbonyl) oxysodium (118 mg, 670 μmol) in MeCN (10 mL) was added pyridine hydrochloride (116 mg, 1.01 mmol) . It was stirred at 40℃ for 30 min. NMI (82.6 mg, 1.01 mmol) , 58-6 (105 mg, 168 μmol) and EDCI (161 mg, 838 μmol) was added. The mixture was stirred at 40℃ for 1 hour. After completion, it was concentrated to give crude product. The residue was purified by prep-HPLC (column: 56-Boston Green ODS 150 x 30 mm, 5 μm; mobile phase: [H2O (0.05%HCl aq) -ACN] ; gradient: 42%-82%B over 9.0 min) to give Compound 58. Yield: 59 mg, 48.5%yield; 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.68 (s, 1H) , 8.48 (s, 1H) , 8.41 (d, J = 8.6 Hz, 1H) , 7.68 (d, J = 1.4 Hz, 1H) , 7.54 (d, J = 8.6 Hz, 1H) , 5.54 (d, J = 5.0 Hz, 1H) , 4.67 -4.90 (m, 1H) , 4.33 (s, 2H) , 4.12 -4.30 (m, 1H) , 3.81 -4.10 (m, 2H) , 3.63 -3.79 (m, 1H) , 3.31 -3.60 (m, 6H) , 2.95 -3.06 (m, 1H) , 2.68 (s, 3H) , 2.56 (d, J = 14.4 Hz, 2H) , 2.34 (s, 2H) , 2.10 (d, J = 3.2 Hz, 1H) , 1.75 -1.98 (m, 2H) , 1.50 (s, 1H) ; HPLC purity: 100%; LCMS m / z 726.3 [M+H] +. Chiral analysis: retention time = 2.063 min. ee%: 98.46. Method: Column: Chiralcel OD-3 50×4.6mm I.D., 3um; Mobile phase: A: CO2; B: ethanol (0.2%MNH3) ; Gradient: from 5%to 40%of B in 1.5 min and hold 40%for 1.0 min, then 5%of B for 0.5 min, Flow rate: 3 mL / min, Column temp.: 35℃, ABPR: 1500psi.
[0466] Step-8. A solution of Isomer II, 58-5B (100 mg, 145 μmol) in HCl / dioxane (6 mL) was stirred at 35℃ for 40 minutes. After completion, it was concentrated to give 58-8 (90 mg, 144 μmol, 99.1%yield) .
[0467] Step-9. To a solution of (5-hydroxy-6-methyl-pyrimidine-4-carbonyl) oxysodium (107 mg, 610 μmol) in MeCN (15 mL) was added pyridine hydrochloride (106 mg, 915 μmol) . The mixture was stirred at 40℃ for 30 minutes. NMI (75.1 mg, 915 μmol) , 58-8 (90 mg, 153 μmol) and EDCI (146 mg, 763 μmol) were added. The mixture was stirred at 40℃ for 1 hour. After completion, it was concentrated to give crude product. The crude was purified by prep-HPLC (column: 56-Boston Green ODS 150 x 30 mm, 5 μm; mobile phase: [H2O (0.05%HCl aq) -ACN] ; gradient: 42%-82%B over 9.0 min) to give Compound 59. Yield: 46 mg, 41.5%yield; 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.68 (s, 1H) , 8.57 (s, 1H) , 8.39 (d, J = 8.6 Hz, 1H) , 7.67 (d, J = 1.2 Hz, 1H) , 7.53 (d, J = 8.8 Hz, 1H) , 5.49 -5.60 (m, 1H) , 4.76 (t, J = 14.6 Hz, 1H) , 4.33 (s, 2H) , 4.12 -4.27 (m, 1H) , 3.81 -4.09 (m, 2H) , 3.58 -3.73 (m, 1H) , 3.28 -3.53 (m, 6H) , 3.12 -3.22 (m, 1H) , 2.48 -2.79 (m, 5H) , 2.35 (d, J = 2.4 Hz, 2H) , 2.13 (d, J = 4.0 Hz, 1H) , 1.79 -2.00 (m, 2H) , 1.51 (s, 1H) ; HPLC purity: 99.8%; LCMS m / z 726.3 [M+H] +. Chiral analysis: retention time = 1.735 min. ee%: > 99.90 (used the same analytical method as the one for Compound 58) . Synthesis of intermediate INT-E and INT-F
[0468] Step 1. To a solution of E-1 (240.0 g, 1.38 mol, 1.0 eq) in THF (2.4 L) was added CDI (246.0 g, 1.51 mol, 1.1 eq) , the mixture was stirred at 25 ℃ for 1 h. E-2 (258.0 g, 1.65 mol, 1.2 eq) and MgCl2 (197.0 g, 2.07 mol, 1.5 eq) was added. The mixture was stirred at 25 ℃ for 15 h. The reaction mixture was filtered via a cake of celite, the filter cake was washed with EtOAc (1 L x 2) , then concentrated in vacuum. The crude product was purified by silica gel column chromatography (petroleum ether / EtOAc = 5: 1) to give E-3 (170.0 g, 53.6%) as a colorless oil. LC-MS (ESI) : m / z 231.1 [M+H] +.
[0469] Step 2. E-3 (91.0 g, 395.7 mmol, 1.0 eq) , E-4 (55.7 g, 344.2 mmol, 0.87 eq) in AcOH (200 mL) was stirred at 110 ℃ for 24 h. LCMS showed the reaction was completed. The reaction mixture was concentrated and then trituration with petroleum ether / EtOAc = 3 / 1 (1.0 L) , filtered to give a crude. The crude was diluted with DCM / MeOH = 15 / 1 (1.5 L) , and washed with 1N HCl (1.0 L x 2) . The organic phase was dried over anhydrous Na2SO4 and concentrated in vacuo to give E-5 (54.8 g, 40.6%) as a white solid. LC-MS (ESI) : m / z 343.1, 345.1 [M+H] +.
[0470] Step 3. To a solution of E-5 (48.0 g, 139.9 mmol, 1.0 eq) in THF (960 mL) was added NaHMDS (1 M, 419.6 mL, 419.6 mmol, 3.0 eq) at -65 ℃, the mixture was stirred at -65 ℃ for 30 min, then TMSCl (47.1 g, 433.6 mmol, 3.1 eq) was added. The mixture was stirred at -65 ℃ for 30 min, then NBS (23.6 g, 132.8 mmol, 0.95 eq) in THF (40 mL) was added. The mixture was stirred at -65 ℃ for 1 h. LCMS showed the reaction was completed. The reaction mixture was quenched with sat. aq. NH4Cl (1.0 L) solution, extracted with EtOAc (1.0 L x 3) . The combined organic layer was washed with brine (200 mL x 2) , dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated in vacuum to give E-6 (81.0 g, crude) as brown gum without further purification for next step. LC-MS (ESI) : m / z 422.9 [M+H] +.
[0471] Step 4. To a solution of E-6 (60.0 g, 142.2 mmol, 1.0 eq, crude) in DMF (420 mL) was added DIEA (91.9 g, 710.8 mmol, 5.0 eq) , the mixture was stirred at 80 ℃ for 30 min. LCMS showed the reaction was completed. The reaction mixture was added H2O (500 mL) , then extracted with EtOAc (500 mL x 3) , the combined organic layers were washed with H2O (200 mL x 2) and brine (200 mL x 2) . The organic layer was dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated in vacuum. The crude product was purified by silica gel column chromatography (petroleum ether / EtOAc = 1: 1) to give INT-E (14.7 g, 41.5%for two steps) as a white solid. HPLC purity > 95%, 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) : δ 5.87 (s, 1H) , 5.31 (dd, J = 6.4 Hz, 2.4 Hz, 1H) , 4.25 (q, J = 7.2 Hz, 2H) , 3.03 –2.79 (m, 2H) , 2.57 –2.45 (m, 1H) , 2.32 –2.17 (m, 1H) , 1.99 –1.88 (m, 1H) , 1.87 –1.70 (m, 1H) , 1.27 (t, J = 7.2 Hz, 3H) . LC-MS (ESI) : m / z 341.0, 343.0 [M+H] +.
[0472] Step 5. To a solution of INT-E (35.0 g, 111.8 mmol, 1.0 eq) in EtOH / THF / H2O (1260 mL, 1 / 1 / 1) was added LiOH. H2O (9.4 g, 223.6 mmol, 2.0 eq) at 0 ℃, the reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 h. After completion, the reaction mixture was concentrated to remove THF, then adjusted pH to 1 with HCl aqueous (500 mL, 1 N) . The resulting mixture was extracted with DCM / MeOH = 10 / 1 (500 mL x 3) . The combined organic layers were washed with brine (200 mL) , dried over anhydrous Na2SO4. After filtration, the filtrate was concentrated to give E-7 (30.0 g, crude) as a white solid. LC-MS (ESI) : m / z 313.1, 315.0 [M+H] +.
[0473] Step 6. To a solution of E-7 (10.0 g, 31.9 mmol, 1.0 eq) and E-8 (8.1 g, 41.5 mmol, 1.3 eq) in pyridine (260 mL) was added POCl3 (14.7 g, 95.8 mmol, 3.0 eq) at 0 ℃, the mixture was stirred at 0 ℃ for 45 min. The reaction mixture was added H2O (260 mL) and EtOAc (260 mL) . The mixture was filtered. The cake was washed with H2O (100 mL) and dried to give a crude (8 g) . The crude was purified by trituration with DMSO / 1 N HCl = 2 / 1 (240 mL) , the mixture was filtered and dried to give INT-F (6.7 g, 36.5%of two steps) as a white solid. HPLC purity >95%, 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) : δ 10.47 (brs, 1H) , 7.96 (d, J = 1.6 Hz, 1H) , 7.92 –7.84 (m, 1H) , 7.76 –7.66 (m, 1H) , 6.02 (s, 1H) , 5.57 (t, J = 4.8 Hz, 1H) , 3.04 –2.84 (m, 2H) , 2.42 –2.33 (m, 2H) , 1.90 –1.78 (m, 1H) , 1.78 –1.63 (m, 1H) . LC-MS (ESI) : m / z 490.0, 492.0 [M+H] +. Synthesis of intermediate INT-G
[0474] Step-1. To a solution of phenylmethanol (12.5 mL, 121 mmol) in anhydrous THF (60 mL) was added NaH (5.28 g, 132 mmol, 60%w. t. in mineral oil) carefully at 0 ℃. After stirring at 0 ℃ for 30 min, the above suspension was added dropwise to a solution of 2, 4, 6-trichloro-3-nitropyridine (25 g, 110 mmol) in anhydrous THF (60 mL) at 0 ℃. After addition, the resulting mixture was stirred at 0 ℃ for another 10 min and then quenched with sat. NH4Cl until pH 7 and then extracted with EA (200 mL) . The organic layer was separated, dried over Na2SO4, concentrated in vacuo, and then purified by column chromatography (0-30%DCM in petroleum ether) to give G-1 (15.2 g, 46.1%) as a white solid. LC-MS (ESI) : m / z 299.0 [M+H] +. 1H NMR (400 MHz, Chloroform-d) δ 7.46 –7.40 (m, 3H) , 7.36 (dd, J = 7.5, 2.0 Hz, 2H) , 7.02 (s, 1H) , 5.28 (s, 2H) .
[0475] Step-2. To a solution of G-1 (15.2 g, 50.7 mmol) in THF (160 mL) were added (4-methoxyphenyl) methanamine (8.60 mL, 65.8 mmol) and DIEA (26.5 mL, 152 mmol) . The mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. After completion, the mixture was adjusted with 2M HCl at 0 ℃ until pH 7 and then extracted with ethyl acetate (200 mL) . The organic layer was separated, dried over Na2SO4, concentrated in vacuo, and then purified by column chromatography (0-40%petroleum ether) to give G-2 (9.87 g, 24.7 mmol, 48.7%) as a yellow solid. LC-MS (ESI) : m / z 400.1 [M+H] +.
[0476] Step-3. To a solution of G-2 (9.87 g, 24.9 mmol) in a mixed solvent of EtOH (120 mL) / H2O (60 mL) / THF (30 mL) were added iron powder (6.89 g, 123 mmol) and NH4Cl (6.60 g, 123 mmol) . The mixture was stirred at 60 ℃ for 2 h. After completion, the mixture was filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated in vacuo to remove EtOH and then extracted with ethyl acetate (200 mL) . The organic layer was separated, dried over Na2SO4, concentrated in vacuo to give G-3 (6.46 g, 70.8%) as a brown oil, which was used in next step without any purification. LC-MS (ESI) : m / z 370.1 [M+H] +. 1H NMR (400 MHz, Chloroform-d) δ 7.93 –7.88 (m, 1H) , 7.46 –7.34 (m, 5H) , 7.30 –7.27 (m, 2H) , 6.88 (d, J = 8.7 Hz, 2H) , 6.34 (s, 1H) , 5.21 (s, 2H) , 4.65 (d, J = 5.4 Hz, 2H) , 3.80 (s, 3H) .
[0477] Step-4. To a solution of G-3 (7.28 g, 19.7 mmol) in THF (100 mL) / H2O (25 mL) was added HCl (29.5 mL, 59.0 mmol, 2M solution) , followed by NaNO2 (2.04 g, 29.5 mmol) in H2O (25 mL) at 0 ℃. The mixture was stirred at 0 ℃ for 10 min and then extracted with ethyl acetate (150 mL x 2) . The organic layer was concentrated in vacuo to give a residue, which was then purified by column chromatography (0-15%EA in hexane) to give G-4 (7.27 g, 97.0%) as a white solid. LC-MS (ESI) : m / z 381.1 [M+H] +. 1H NMR (400 MHz, Chloroform-d) δ 7.52 –7.49 (m, 2H) , 7.46 –7.37 (m, 5H) , 6.90 –6.83 (m, 2H) , 6.78 (d, J = 0.9 Hz, 1H) , 5.74 (d, J = 4.5 Hz, 4H) , 3.78 (s, 3H) .
[0478] Step-5. To a mixture of G-4 (13.0 g, 34.1 mmol) and methyl (E) -5- (4, 4, 5, 5-tetramethyl-1, 3, 2-dioxaborolan-2-yl) pent-4-enoate (9.81 g, 40.9 mmol) in dioxane (120 mL) / H2O (30 mL) were added Pd (dppf) Cl2 (2.49 g, 3.41 mmol) and K2CO3 (9.41 g, 68.1 mmol) . The suspension was stirred at 100 ℃ under N2 atmosphere for 1 hr. The mixture was concentrated in vacuo to remove dioxane, and then extracted with EA (200 mL) , washed with water. The organic layer was collected, dried over Na2SO4, concentrated in vacuo, and then purified by column chromatography to give G-5 (14.5 g, 93%) . LC-MS (ESI) : m / z 459.2 [M+H] +. 1H NMR (400 MHz, Chloroform-d) δ 7.52 –7.48 (m, 2H) , 7.45 –7.32 (m, 5H) , 6.90 –6.81 (m, 3H) , 6.72 (s, 1H) , 6.55 (d, J = 15.6 Hz, 1H) , 5.75 (d, J = 7.9 Hz, 4H) , 3.77 (s, 3H) , 3.71 (s, 3H) , 2.66 –2.60 (m, 2H) , 2.58 –2.53 (m, 2H) .
[0479] Step-6. A mixture of G-5 (14.5 g, 31.6 mmol) and Pd / C (1.5 g, 10%on activated carbon) in MeOH (100 mL) / THF (50 mL) was stirred at RT under H2 atmosphere for 6 hr. After completion, the mixture was filtered, and the filtrate was collected, concentrated in vacuo to give G-6 (10.6 g, 90%) , which was used in next step without any purification. LC-MS (ESI) : m / z 371.2 [M+H] +.
[0480] Step 7. To a solution of G-6 (1.03 g, 2.77 mmol) in anhydrous THF (30 mL) was added NaHMDS (13.8 mL, 13.8 mmol, 1M in THF solution) dropwise at -78 ℃ under N2 atmosphere. The resulting mixture was stirred at -78 ℃ for 30 min, and then a solution of TMSCl (1.79 mL, 14.1 mmol) in anhydrous THF (5 mL) was added dropwise at this temperature. After stirring at -78 ℃ for another 30 min, a solution of NBS (985 mg, 5.53 mmol) in anhydrous THF (5 mL) was added dropwise, then the mixture was stirred at -78 ℃ for another 30 min, and then warmed up to RT and stirred at RT overnight. The reaction was quenched with sat. NH4Cl (20 mL) and then extracted with EA (100 mL) . The organic layer was collected, dried over Na2SO4, concentrated in vacuo to give a residue. The residue was dissolved in DMF (10 mL) , and DIEA (2.3 mL) was added, and the resulting mixture was stirred at 80 ℃ for 30 min. After completion, the mixture was concentrated to get a residue, which was purified by column chromatography (0-1%MeOH in DCM) to give G-7 (894 mg, 72%for 2 steps) LC-MS (ESI) : m / z 449.1 [M+H] +.
[0481] Step 8. A solution of G-7 (886 mg, 1.98 mmol) in TFA (10 mL) / TfOH (0.5 mL) was stirred at RT for 1 hr. The mixture was concentrated, dissolved in DMSO (5 mL) , and then purified by pre-HPLC to give INT-G (410 mg, 63.4%) as a white solid. LC-MS (ESI) : m / z 327.0 [M+H] +. 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 5.64 (s, 1H) , 3.71 (s, 3H) , 3.25 –3.15 (m, 1H) , 3.00 –2.86 (m, 1H) , 2.36 –2.27 (m, 2H) , 2.01 –1.92 (m, 1H) , 1.71 –1.55 (m, 1H) . Example 17. Synthesis of Compound 60 and Compound 61
[0482] Step-1. A solution of 2-methoxypyridin-4-amine (30.7 g, 247 mmol) in HCl (75 mL) was cooled to -5℃, then a solution of NaNO2 (17.1 g, 247 mmol) in H2O (100 mL) was added dropwise while keeping the temperature below 5℃. After addition, the mixture was stirred at 0℃ for 30 min. Urea (479 mg, 7.98 mmol) was added. The mixture was added into another suspension of 4-bromopyridine-2, 6-diamine (15 g, 79.8 mmol) in H2O (200 mL) dropwise at 0℃. The mixture was stirred at 25℃ for 12 h. After completion, the reaction mixture was adjusted to pH=9 with NH3. H2O at 0℃. the precipitated solid was filtered, the cake was washed with water (300 mL x 2) , collected and dried under high vacuum to give 60-1 (25 g, 77.4 mmol, 97.0%yield) as a yellow solid.
[0483] Step-2. Compound 60-1 (25 g, 77.4 mmol) in MeOH (500 mL) was added with pyridine (122 g, 1.55 mol) , CuSO4 (61.7 g, 387 mmol) , the mixture was stirred at 80℃ for 3 h. After completion, the reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuum. Then treated with water (600 mL) , triturated for 15 min, then filtered. The cake was washed with water (600 mL x 5) . The collected cake was concentrated in high vacuum to give 60-2 (26 g, 68.8 mmol, 88.9%yield) as a brown solid.
[0484] Step-3. Compound 60-2 (24 g, 74.7 mmol) in HBr (240 mL) was cooled to 0℃, then added with Br2 (118 g, 740 mmol) . The mixture was stirred at 0℃ for 30 min, Then NaNO2 (41.3 g, 598 mmol) in H2O (400 mL) was added dropwise at 0℃. The mixture was stirred at 0℃ for 2 h, then allowed to warm to 25℃ gradually and stirred for 12 hrs. After completion, the crude product was filtered. The cake was washed with water (200 mL x 2) . The cake was collected then treated with sat. aq. Na2CO3 (150 mL) for 1h, filtered, the cake was washed with water (60 mL x 2) to give 60-3 (26.4 g, 68.6 mmol, crude) as a yellow solid.
[0485] Step-4. Compound 60-3 (24.3 g, 63.1 mmol) , Cs2CO3 (123 g, 379 mmol) in DMF (650 mL) was added with BnOH (5.80 g, 53.6 mmol) in DMF (20 mL) dropwise at 80℃, after addition, the mixture was stirred at 80℃ for 1 hr. After completion, the reaction mixture was diluted with EtOAc (1.5 L) , the mixture was washed with brine (600 mL x 4) . The organic layer was dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated in vacuum to 60-4 (23 g, crude) as a brown gum.
[0486] Step-5. To a mixture of 60-4 (23 g, 55.8 mmol) , methyl (E) -5- (4, 4, 5, 5-tetramethyl-1, 3, 2-dioxaborolan-2-yl) pent-4-enoate (18.1 g, 75.4 mmol) in dioxane (400 mL) , H2O (100 mL) was added with Pd (dppf) Cl2 (4.08 g, 5.58 mmol) , K2CO3 (23.1 g, 167 mmol) . The mixture was stirred at 100℃ under nitrogen for 30 min. After completion, the reaction mixture was added with EtOAc (600 mL) and brine (500 mL) , extracted with EtOAc (600 mL x 2) . The combined organic layer was washed with brine (600 mL) , dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated in vacuum. The crude product was purified by silica gel column (EtOAc in hexane from 0 to 45%) to give 60-5 (7.6 g, 17.1 mmol, 30.6%yield) as a yellow solid.
[0487] Step-6. To a mixture of 60-5 (7.6 g, 17.1 mmol) in MeOH (300 mL) and EtOAc (300 mL) was added Pd / C (1.09 g, 1.02 mmol, 10%purity) under Ar. The mixture was purged and degassed with H2 for 3 times, then stirred at 30℃ under 30 psi for 12 hours. After completion, the reaction mixture was filtered via a cake of celite, the cake was washed with DCM / MeOH (1 / 1, 800 mL) , the filtrate was concentrated in vacuum. The crude product was purified by triturating with hexane / EtOAc (3 / 1, 50 mL) to give 60-6 (3.9 g, 10.9 mmol, 64.0%yield) as a yellow solid.
[0488] Step-7. Compound 60-6 (3.4 g, 9.51 mmol) in MeCN (160 mL) was added with NBS (1.86 g, 10.5 mmol) . The suspension was stirred at 25℃ for 1hr. After completion, the reaction mixture was filtered and washed with MeCN (10 mL) . The cake was collected and dried under vacuum to give 60-7 (3.6 g, 8.25 mmol, 86.7%yield) as a yellow solid.
[0489] Step-8. The solution of 60-7 (3.8 g, 8.71 mmol) in DMF (50 mL) was cooled to 0℃, then NaH (418 mg, 10.4 mmol, 60%purity) was added in portions. The mixture was stirred at 0℃ for 30 min, then SEM-Cl (1.74 g, 10.4 mmol) was added. The mixture was stirred at 25℃ for 12 h. After completion, the reaction mixture was quenched with sat. aq NH4Cl (50 mL) at 0℃, then extracted with EtOAc (100 mL x 2) . The combined organic layer was washed with brine (100 mL x 4) , dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated in vacuum. The crude product was purified by triturating with hexane / EtOAc (20 / 1, 15 mL) . After filtration the cake was dried under vacuum to give methyl 60-8 (3.8 g, 6.71 mmol, 77.0%yield) as a white solid.
[0490] Step-9. To a solution of 60-8 (3.5 g, 6.18 mmol) in THF (60 mL) , H2O (20 mL) was added with LiOH. H2O (2.59 g, 61.8 mmol) . The mixture was stirred at 35℃ for 4 h. After completion, the reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuum to remove THF, then adjusted to pH=4 with 1 M aq. HCl at 0℃, solid precipitated. The suspension was filtered, and the cake was washed with water (4 mL) , collected then lyophilized to give 60-9 (3.16 g, 5.72 mmol, 92.6%yield) as a white solid.
[0491] Step-10. Preparation of solution 1: to a suspension of 60-9 (3.16 g, 5.72 mmol) in THF (120 mL) was added with TEA (752 mg, 7.44 mmol) and 2, 2-dimethylpropanoyl chloride (828 mg, 6.86 mmol) at -65℃, the mixture was stirred at -65℃ for 15 min then 0℃ for 40 min.
[0492] Preparation of solution 2: to a solution of (4S) -4-phenyloxazolidin-2-one (1.40 g, 8.58 mmol) in THF (30 mL) was added with n-BuLi (2.5 M, 3.43 mL) at -65℃, then mixture was stirred at -65℃ for 20 min.
[0493] Solution 1 was added to solution 2 via canula, the mixture was stirred at 25℃ for 1 h. After completion, the reaction mixture was quenched with sat. aq. NH4Cl (100 mL) , extracted with EtOAc (300 mL x 2) . The combined organic layer was washed with brine (100 mL) , dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated in vacuum. The crude product was purified by silica gel column (hexane in EtOAc from 0 to 60%) , then lyophilized to give 60-10 (3.2 g, 4.59 mmol, 80.2%yield) as a white solid.
[0494] Step-11. To a solution of 60-10 (3.2 g, 4.59 mmol) in THF (80 mL) was added with LHMDS (1 M, 11.5 mL) dropwise at -65℃ under nitrogen, the mixture was stirred at -65℃ for 20 min, then NBS (980 mg, 5.50 mmol) was added. The mixture was stirred at -78℃ for 40 min. After completion, the reaction mixture was quenched with sat. aq. NH4Cl (2 mL) at -65℃, then added with brine (2 mL) , the mixture was extracted with EtOAc (3 mL x 2) , dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated in vacuum. The crude product was purified by silica gel column (EtOAc in hexane from 0 to 45%) to give 60-11 (2 g, 2.58 mmol, 56.2%yield) as a yellow solid.
[0495] Step-12. To a solution of 60-11 (2 g, 2.58 mmol) in THF (30 mL) , H2O (10 mL) was added with LiOH. H2O (540 mg, 12.9 mmol) . The mixture was stirred at 25℃ for 4 h.After completion, the reaction mixture was adjusted to pH = 4 with 1 M aq. HCl. The mixture was extracted with EtOAc (40 mL x 2) . The combined organic layer was washed with brine (30 mL) , dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated in vacuum to give 60-12 (1.4 g, crude) as a yellow solid.
[0496] Step-13. A solution of 60-12 (1.4 g, 2.22 mmol) in dioxane (10 mL) was added with HCl / dioxane (2 M, 70.0 mL) . The mixture was stirred at 25℃ for 30 min. After completion, the reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuum to 60-13 (1.1 g, crude) as a yellow solid.
[0497] Step-14. A mixture of 60-13 (1.1 g, 2.20 mmol) DIEA (1.42 g, 11.0 mmol) in DMF (20 mL) was stirred at 80℃ for 20 min. After completion, the reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuum to remove most of DMF, then added with EtOAc (20 mL) and brine (20 mL) . The organic layer was washed with brine (20 mL x 4) , dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated in vacuum to give 60-14 (820 mg, crude) as a yellow solid.
[0498] Step-15. A mixture of 60-14 (770 mg, 1.83 mmol) , tert-butyl piperazine-1-carboxylate (3.41 g, 18.3 mmol) in NMP (3 mL) was heated at 120℃ for 3h. After completion, the reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuum. The crude product was purified by prep-HPLC (column: 40-WePure Biotech XP tC18 150 x 30 mm, 7μm; mobile phase: [H2O (0.075%TFA) -ACN] ; gradient: 30%-70%B over 8.0 min) to give 60-15 (50 mg, 95.1 μmol, 5.19%yield) as a yellow solid.
[0499] Step-16. A mixture of 60-15 (47 mg, 89.4 μmol) , 2-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl) aniline (140 mg, 715 μmol) in DCM (30 mL) was added with TEA (163 mg, 1.61 mmol) , DMAP (65.6 mg, 536 μmol) , CMPI (165 mg, 644 μmol) . The mixture was stirred at 35℃ for 48 h. After completion, the reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuum and purified by silica gel column (EtOAc in hexane from 0 to 75%) to give 60-16 (50 mg, 71.1 μmol, 79.5%yield) as a yellow solid.
[0500] Step-17. A solution of 60-16 (49 mg, 69.7 μmol) in dioxane (0.5 mL) was added with HCl / dioxane (2 M, 24.5 mL) . The mixture was stirred at 35℃ for 15 min. After completion, the reaction mixture was concentrated in high vacuum to give 60-17 (45 mg, crude, HCl salt) as a yellow solid.
[0501] Step-18. A solution of (5-hydroxy-6-methyl-pyrimidine-4-carbonyl) oxysodium (53.7 mg, 305 μmol) in MeCN (8 mL) was added with pyridine hydrochloride (52.9 mg, 458 μmol) . The mixture was stirred at 40℃ under nitrogen for 30 min, then NMI (37.6 mg, 458 μmol) , 60-17 (46.0 mg, 76.3 μmol) was added, followed with EDCI (73.1 mg, 381 μmol) . The mixture was stirred at 40℃ under nitrogen for 1 hour. After completion, the reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuum. The crude product was purified by prep-HPLC (column: 56-Boston Green ODS 150 x 30 mm, 5 μm; mobile phase: [H2O (0.05%HCl) -ACN] ; gradient: 40%-80%B over 9.0 min) to give 60-18 (22 mg, 29.8 μmol, 39.0%yield) as a yellow solid.
[0502] Step-19. The racemic mixture 60-18 (22 mg, 29.77 μmol) was separated by SFC (column: DAICEL CHIRALPAK AD (250 mm x 30 mm, 10 um) ; mobile phase: [CO2-EtOH (0.1%NH3H2O) ] ; B%: 55%, isocratic elution mode) to give Enantiomer I, Compound 60.Retention time = 0.371 min, ee%: 99.08, Yield: 5.78 mg, 23.74%; 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 11.74 -11.93 (m, 1H) , 8.60 (s, 1H) , 8.46 (d, J = 8.6 Hz, 1H) , 8.27 (d, J = 5.6 Hz, 1H) , 8.05 (s, 1H) , 7.61 -7.72 (m, 2H) , 7.54 (br d, J = 9.6 Hz, 1H) , 7.48 (d, J = 1.5 Hz, 1H) , 5.52 -5.71 (m, 1H) , 5.42 (m, 1H) , 4.73 -4.82 (m, 1H) , 3.91 -4.02 (m, 5H) , 3.45 -3.61 (m, 2H) , 3.03 -3.19 (m, 2H) , 2.66 -2.91 (m, 2H) , 2.58 (s, 4H) , 2.32 -2.46 (m, 1H) , 2.01 -2.10 (m, 2H) ; HPLC purity: 99.73%; LCMS m / z 739.3 [M+H] +.
[0503] Enantiomer II, Compound 61. Retention time = 1.315 min, ee%: 99.12, Yield: 5.68 mg, 24.71%; 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 11.77 -11.92 (m, 1H) , 8.60 (s, 1H) , 8.46 (d, J = 8.6 Hz, 1H) , 8.27 (d, J = 5.8 Hz, 1H) , 8.04 (s, 1H) , 7.60 -7.74 (m, 2H) , 7.54 (br d, J = 10.8 Hz, 1H) , 7.48 (d, J = 1.6 Hz, 1H) , 5.54 -5.69 (m, 1H) , 5.42 (m, 1H) , 4.72 -4.83 (m, 1H) , 3.93 -4.04 (m, 5H) , 3.46 -3.61 (m, 2H) , 3.04 -3.16 (m, 2H) , 2.70 -2.95 (m, 2H) , 2.58 (s, 4H) , 2.36 -2.43 (m, 1H) , 2.02 -2.10 (m, 2H) ; HPLC purity: 99.73%; LCMS m / z 739.3 [M+H] +.
[0504] Chiral analysis method: Column: Chiralpak AD-3 50 x 4.6mm I.D., 3um; Mobile phase: A: CO2; B: ethanol (0.2%MNH3) ; Isocratic: 40%B, Flow rate: 3.5 mL / min, Column temp.: 35℃, ABPR: 1500psi. Example 18. Synthesis of Compound 62 and Compound 63
[0505] Step-1. To a solution of INT-E (1.5 g, 4.40 mmol) in dioxane (20 mL) and H2O (5 mL) was added 4, 4, 5, 5-tetramethyl-2- [ (Z) -1-methylprop-1-enyl] -1, 3, 2-dioxaborolane (960 mg, 5.28 mmol) , Pd (dppf) Cl2 (321 mg, 439 μmol) and K2CO3 (1.22 g, 8.79 mmol) under nitrogen. The mixture was stirred at 100℃ for 1 hour under nitrogen. After completion, it was concentrated to give crude product. The residue was purified by flash silica gel chromatography ( 20 g Silica Flash Column, Eluent of 0 ~100%Ethyl acetate / Commercial hexanes gradient @30 mL / min) to give 62-1 (920 mg, 2.91 mmol, 66.1%yield) .
[0506] Step-2. A mixture of 62-1 (900 mg, 2.84 mmol) , NBS (607 mg, 3.41 mmol) in DMF (10 mL) , the mixture was stirred at 25℃ for 1 hour. After completion, the residue was diluted with H2O (10 mL) and extracted with EtOAc 30 mL (10 mL x 3) . The combined organic layers were washed with NaHCO3 (10 mL) , dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue. The residue was purified by prep-HPLC (column: 41-WePure Biotech XP tC18 150 x 40 mm, 7 μm; mobile phase: [H2O (0.05%NH3H2O+10 mM NH4HCO3) -ACN] ; B%: 50%, isocratic elution mode) to give (E) isomer 62-2A (190 mg, 480 μmol, 16.9%yield) and (Z) isomer 62-2B (90 mg, 228 μmol, 8.0%yield) .
[0507] Step-3. A mixture of (E) isomer 62-2A (190 mg, 480 μmol) , tert-butyl (1S, 6S) -2, 5-diazabicyclo [4.2.0] octane-2-carboxylate (306 mg, 1.44 mmol) in NMP (5 mL) , the mixture was stirred at 120℃ for 1 hour. After completion, the reaction mixture was diluted with H2O (20 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (20 mL x 3) . The combined organic layers were washed with aq. NaCl (20 mL x 3) , dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue. The residue was purified by flash silica gel chromatography ( 4 g Silica Flash Column, Eluent of 0 ~ 50%Ethyl acetate / Commercial hexanes gradient @50 mL / min) to give (E) isomer 62-3A (120 mg, 228 228 μmol, 47.4%yield) .
[0508] Step-4. A mixture of 62-3A (120 mg, 227 μmol) , LiOH. H2O (95.6 mg, 2.28 mmol) in THF (6 mL) , H2O (2 mL) , the mixture was stirred at 40℃ for 1 hour. After completion, the reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuum to remove THF, then adjusted to pH = 4 with 1 M HCl. The solid was filtered and dried under vacuum to give 62-4A (90 mg, 180 μmol, 79.2%yield) .
[0509] Step-5. A mixture of 62-4A (90 mg, 180 μmol) , 2-chloro-4- (trifluoromethyl) aniline (70.6 mg, 361 μmol) , POCl3 (55.4 mg, 361 μmol) , pyridine (71.4 mg, 902 μmol) in DCM (10 mL) was degassed and purged with nitrogen for 3 times, and then the mixture was stirred at 25℃ for 15 min under nitrogen atmosphere. After completion, the reaction mixture was quenched with sat. aq. NaHCO3 (10 mL) . The mixture was extracted with DCM (10 mL x 2) . The combined organic layer was dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated in vacuum, The residue was purified by flash silica gel chromatography ( 2 g Silica Flash Column, Eluent of 0 ~ 50%Ethyl acetate / Commercial hexanes gradient @30 mL / min) to give 62-5A-1 (40 mg, 59.2 μmol, 32.8%yield, Retention time = 0.845 min) and 62-5A-2 (35 mg, 51.8 μmol, 28.7%yield, Retention time = 0.855 min) .
[0510] Step-6. A mixture of 62-5A-1 (40 mg, 59.2 μmol) in HCl / dioxane (10 mL) , the mixture was stirred at 40℃ for 1 hour. After completion, the reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure to give 62-6 (35 mg, crude, HCl salt) .
[0511] Step-7. A solution of (5-hydroxy-6-methyl-pyrimidine-4-carbonyl) oxysodium (40.3 mg, 228 μmol) in MeCN (5 mL) was added with pyridine hydrochloride (39.6 mg, 343 μmol) . The mixture was stirred at 40 ℃ under nitrogen for 30 mins, then NMI (28.2 mg, 343 μmol, 27.3 μL) , 62-6 (35 mg, 57.2 μmol, HCl) was added, followed with EDCI (54.8 mg, 285 μmol) . The mixture was stirred at 40 ℃ under nitrogen for 2 hours. After completion, the reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure to remove MeCN. The residue was purified by prep-HPLC (column: 56-Boston Green ODS 150 x 30 mm, 5 μm; mobile phase: [H2O (0.05%HCl) -ACN] ; gradient: 50%-90%B over 9.0 min) to give Compound 62. Retention time = 2.168 min, de%: 98.89, Yield: 18.1 mg, 44.5%yield, 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.53 -8.74 (m, 2H) , 8.43 (d, J = 8.6 Hz, 1H) , 7.67 (s, 1H) , 7.55 (br d, J = 8.6 Hz, 1H) , 6.87 (q, J = 7.2 Hz, 1H) , 5.56 (br d, J = 4.4 Hz, 1H) , 4.80 (br s, 1H) , 4.12 -4.36 (m, 1H) , 3.83 -4.11 (m, 2H) , 3.62 -3.80 (m, 1H) , 3.36 -3.50 (m, 2H) , 3.05 -3.19 (m, 1H) , 2.51 -2.70 (m, 5H) , 2.19 -2.32 (m, 3H) , 2.14 (s, 3H) , 1.83 -2.05 (m, 5H) , 1.43 -1.78 (m, 2H) ; HPLC purity: 95.4%; LCMS m / z 712.3 [M+H] +.
[0512] Chiral analysis method: Column: Chiralcel OD-3 50 × 4.6 mm I.D., 3 um, Mobile phase: A: CO2 B: ethanol (0.2%MNH3) ; Gradient: from 5%to 40%of B in 2 min and hold 40%for 0.5 min, then 5%of B for 0.5 min, Flow rate: 4 mL / min, Column temp.: 35℃, ABPR: 1500 psi.
[0513] Step-8. A mixture of 62-5A-2 (35.0 mg, 51.8 μmol) in HCl / dioxane (5 mL) , the mixture was stirred at 25℃ for 1 hour. After completion, the reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure to give 62-8 (30 mg, crude, HCl salt) .
[0514] Step-9. A solution of (5-hydroxy-6-methyl-pyrimidine-4-carbonyl) oxysodium (34.5 mg, 196 μmol) in MeCN (5 mL) was added with pyridine hydrochloride (33.9 mg, 294 μmol) , the mixture was stirred at 40℃ under nitrogen for 30 min, then NMI (24.1 mg, 294 μmol, 23.4 μL) , 62-8 (30 mg, 49 μmol, HCl salt) was added, followed with EDCI (46.9 mg, 245 μmol) . The mixture was stirred at 40℃ under nitrogen for 2 hours. After completion, the reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure to remove MeCN. The residue was purified by prep-HPLC (column: 56-Boston Green ODS 150 x 30 mm, 5 μm; mobile phase: [H2O (0.05%HCl) -ACN] ; gradient: 49%-89%B over 9.0 min) to give Compound 63. Retention time = 1.718 min, de%: 94.18, Yield: 10.5 mg, 30.1%yield, 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.56 -8.71 (m, 2H) , 8.44 (d, J = 8.6 Hz, 1H) , 7.67 (d, J = 1.4 Hz, 1H) , 7.55 (br d, J = 8.8 Hz, 1H) , 6.80 -6.95 (m, 1H) , 5.55 (dd, J = 6.6, 2.8 Hz, 1H) , 4.67 -4.96 (m, 1H) , 4.17 -4.41 (m, 1H) , 3.83 -4.14 (m, 2H) , 3.60 -3.81 (m, 1H) , 3.18 -3.48 (m, 3H) , 2.66 (s, 3H) , 2.52 -2.64 (m, 2H) , 2.18 -2.35 (m, 3H) , 2.15 (s, 3H) , 1.91 -1.95 (m, 2H) , 1.87 (br d, J = 7.2 Hz, 3H) , 1.45 -1.60 (m, 2H) ; HPLC purity: 99.7%; LCMS m / z 712.3 [M+H] +. Example 19. Synthesis of Compound 64
[0515] Step-1. To a mixture of INT-G (1 g, 3.06 mmol) in MeOH (20 mL) was added NaOMe (5.4 M, 1.13 mL) at 20℃. The resulting reaction mixture was cooled to –65℃. Then 1-fluoropyridin-1-ium; trifluoromethanesulfonate (1.36 g, 5.50 mmol) in MeOH (20 mL) was added dropwise at -65℃ under nitrogen. The reaction mixture was stirred at –65℃ for 30 minutes, then warmed to 20℃ and stirred for an additional 24 hours. After completion, the reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure to remove MeOH. The residue was purified by flash silica gel chromatography ( 12 g Silica Flash Column, Eluent of 0 ~ 20%Dichloromethane / Methanol @20 mL / min) to give 64-1 (950 mg, 2.35 mmol, 76.9%yield) .
[0516] Step-2. A mixture of methyl 64-1 (520 mg, 1.29 mmol) in NMP (8 mL) was added tert-butyl (1S, 6S) -2, 5-diazabicyclo [4.2.0] octane-2-carboxylate (2.73 g, 12.86 mmol) at 20℃ under nitrogen. After addition, the mixture was then heated to 120℃ and stirred for 12 hours. After completion, the reaction mixture was diluted with H2O (10 mL) and extracted with EtOAc 30 mL (10 mL x 3) . The combined organic layers were washed with brine 10 mL (10 mL x 1) , dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue. The crude product was purified by reversed-phase HPLC (column: 41-WePure Biotech XP C18 150 x 40 mm, 7 μm; mobile phase: [H2O (0.225%FA) -ACN] ; gradient: 29%-59%B over 10.0 min) to give 64-2A (25 mg, 47.9 μmol, 3.73%yield) and 64-2B (40 mg, 76.7 μmol, 5.96%yield) .
[0517] Step-3. To a solution of 64-2B (50 mg, 95.9 μmol) in DCM (3 mL) was added 2-chloro-4- (trifluoromethyl) aniline (37.5 mg, 192 μmol) , pyridine (60.7 mg, 767 μmol) . Then POCl3 (29.4 mg, 192 μmol) was added dropwise at 0℃, the mixture was stirred at 0 -25℃ for 1 hour. After completion, the reaction mixture was quenched by addition aq. NaHCO3 (10 mL) at 0℃ and then extracted with DCM (10 mL x 3) . The combined organic layers were washed with brine (10 mL) , dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue. The residue was purified by flash silica gel chromatography ( 4 g Silica Flash Column, Eluent of 0 ~ 100%Ethyl acetate / Dichloromethane gradient @16 mL / min) to give 64-3 (30 mg, 42.9 μmol, 44.8%yield) .
[0518] Step-4. A mixture of 64-3 (30 mg, 42.9 μmol) in HCl / dioxane (10 mL) , the mixture was stirred at 25℃ for 2 hours. After completion, the reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure to give 64-4 (25 mg, crude, HCl salt) .
[0519] Step-5. A solution of (5-hydroxy-6-methyl-pyrimidine-4-carbonyl) oxysodium (29.4 mg, 167 μmol) in MeCN (5 mL) was added with pyridine hydrochloride (28.9 mg, 250 μmol) , the mixture was stirred at 40℃ under nitrogen for 30 mins, then NMI (20.6 mg, 250 μmol) , 64-4 (25 mg, 41.7 μmol) was added, followed with EDCI (40 mg, 208 μmol) . The mixture was stirred at 40℃ under nitrogen for 2 hours. After completion, the reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure to remove MeCN, the residue was purified by prep-HPLC (column: 56-Boston Green ODS 150 x 30 mm, 5 μm; mobile phase: [H2O (0.05%HCl) -ACN] ; gradient: 40%-80%B over 9.0 min) to give Compound 64. Retention time = 0.474 min, de%: 100, Yield: 10 mg, 32.6%yield, 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.48 -8.67 (m, 2H) , 8.15 -8.39 (m, 3H) , 7.90 (br t, J = 7.2 Hz, 1H) , 7.55 (d, J = 1.2 Hz, 1H) , 7.33 -7.47 (m, 2H) , 5.68 (br d, J = 2.8 Hz, 1H) , 4.78 -4.95 (m, 1H) , 4.07 -4.40 (m, 2H) , 3.57 -3.99 (m, 3H) , 3.37 -3.50 (m, 1H) , 3.02 -3.17 (m, 1H) , 2.49 -2.56 (m, 4H) , 2.23 -2.38 (m, 2H) , 1.96 -2.11 (m, 4H) , 1.32 -1.65 (m, 2H) ; HPLC purity: 96.18%; LCMS Calculated for C34H30ClF3N10O4: 734.2 (exact mass) ; Observed: m / z 735.3 [M+H] +.
[0520] Column: Chiralpak AD-3 50 × 4.6 mm I.D., 3um, Mobile phase: A: CO2 B: IPA (0.2%MNH3) , Isocratic: 40%B, Flow rate: 4mL / min, Column temp.: 35℃, ABPR: 1500 psi. Example 20. Syntheses of Compound 65 and Compound 66
[0521] Step-1. To a mixture of INT-G (600 mg, 1.83 mmol) and (3, 6-dihydro-2H-pyran-4-yl) boronic acid (469 mg, 3.67 mmol) in DCM (10 mL) were added copper (II) acetate (999 mg, 5.50 mmol) and pyridine (1.48 mL, 18.3 mmol) , then the resulting mixture was stirred at RT under O2 atmosphere for 24 hr. After completion, the mixture was filtered, the filtrate was concentrated to get a residue, which was then purified by column chromatography to give 65-1 (772 mg, crude, a regioisomer mixture) as a yellow gum. LC-MS (ESI) : m / z 409.0 [M+H] +.
[0522] Step-2. 65-1 (590 mg, 1.44 mmol) and tert-butyl (1S, 6S) -2, 5-diazabicyclo [4.2.0] octane-2-carboxylate (3.06 g, 14.4 mmol) in NMP (5 mL) was stirred at 120 ℃ for 5 hr. After cooling to RT, water (5 mL) and lithium hydroxide monohydrate (151 mg, 3.61 mmol) were added, the mixture was stirred at RT for another 30 min. After completion, the mixture was adjusted pH=7 with HCl (1 M solution) and then extracted with DCM (50 mL x 2) . The organic layers were collected, concentrated in vacuo to give a residue, which was purified by pre-HPLC to give 65-2 (563 mg, a regioisomer mixture) as a brown oil. LC-MS (ESI) : m / z 527.3 [M+H] +.
[0523] Step-3. 65-2 (510 mg, 0.968 mmol) , 2-chloro-4- (trifluoromethyl) aniline (379 mg, 1.94 mmol) and pyridine (0.627 mL, 7.75 mmol) in anhydrous DCM (10 mL) was added a solution of POCl3 (297 mg, 1.94 mmol) in hydrous DCM (5 mL) dropwise at 0 ℃. After addition, the reaction was stirred at RT for 1 hr. After completion, the mixture was concentrated in vacuo to give a residue, which was then purified by column chromatography to give 65-3 (317 mg, 47%, a regioisomer mixture) as a green oil. LC-MS (ESI) : m / z 704.2 [M+H] +.
[0524] Step-4. To a solution of 65-3 (317 mg, 0.450 mmol) in dioxane (4 mL) was added HCl (2.25 mL, 4M HCl in dioxane) . The mixture was stirred at RT for 1 hr. The mixture was concentrated in vacuo to give 65-4 (323 mg, a regioisomer mixture) as a crude, which was used in next step without further purification. LC-MS (ESI) : m / z 604.2 [M+H] +.
[0525] Step-5. A mixture of 5-hydroxy-6-methylpyrimidine-4-carboxylic acid (277 mg, 1.80 mmol) and pyridine hydrochloride (312 mg, 2.70 mmol) in MeCN (20 mL) was stirred at 40 ℃ for 30 min, and then 1-methylimidazole (222 mg, 2.70 mmol) and 65-4 (323 mg, crude) were added, followed by EDCI (431 mg, 2.25 mmol) . The resulting mixture was stirred at 40 ℃ for another 1 hr. After completion, the mixture was concentrated in vacuo to give a residue, which was dissolved in DMSO (2 mL) and then purified by pre-HPLC to give 65-5 (146 mg, 0.197 mmol, 44%, a regioisomer mixture) . LC-MS (ESI) : m / z 740.2 [M+H] +.
[0526] Step-6. Compounds 65 and 66 were obtained from 65-5 (146 mg) , first by pre-HPLC purification and then SFC separation. SFC method: Acq Method: IM_EtOH_MNH3_50_35ML_35MIN_5CM; Column: Chiralpak IM-3 50 × 4.6 mm I.D., 3um; Mobile phase: A: CO2 B: ethanol (0.2%M NH3) ; Isocratic: 50%B; Flow rate: 3.5 mL / min; Column temp.: 35 ℃; ABPR: 1500 psi.
[0527] Compound 65: 8.4 mg, de: 100%, 94.77%purity; Retention time: 2.317 min; 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.53 (s, 1H) , 8.25 -8.36 (m, 2H) , 7.57 (s, 1H) , 7.46 (br d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1H) , 6.68 (br s, 1H) , 5.30 -5.37 (m, 1H) , 4.74 -4.90 (m, 1H) , 4.29 (br d, J = 2.4 Hz, 2H) , 3.97 -4.18 (m, 2H) , 3.77 -3.95 (m, 3H) , 3.23 -3.70 (m, 4H) , 2.93 -3.06 (m, 1H) , 2.82 (br s, 2H) , 2.43 -2.55 (m, 5H) , 2.20 -2.33 (m, 2H) , 1.52 -1.76 (m, 2H) , 1.29 -1.43 (m, 2H) ; HPLC purity: 94.7%; LCMS: m / z 740.3 [M+H] +.
[0528] Compound 66: 6.2 mg, 100%purity, de 97.94%, Retention time: 2.279 min; 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.54 (s, 1H) , 8.36 (d, J = 8.6 Hz, 1H) , 8.20 (s, 1H) , 7.56 (s, 1H) , 7.42 (br d, J = 8.6 Hz, 1H) , 6.72 (br s, 1H) , 5.72 (br d, J = 4.8 Hz, 1H) , 4.68 -4.88 (m, 1H) , 4.39 (br d, J = 2.4 Hz, 2H) , 3.89 -4.18 (m, 4H) , 3.18 -3.85 (m, 5H) , 2.92 -3.03 (m, 1H) , 2.82 -2.90 (m, 2H) , 2.34 -2.61 (m, 5H) , 2.11 -2.33 (m, 2H) , 1.88 -2.02 (m, 2H) , 1.24 -1.42 (m, 2H) ; HPLC purity: 100%; LCMS: m / z 740.3 [M+H] +.
[0529] Chiral analysis Method: IM_EtOH_MNH3_50_35ML_35MIN_5CM; Column: Chiralpak IM-3 50 × 4.6 mm I.D., 3um; Mobile phase: A: CO2 B: ethanol (0.2%M NH3) ; Isocratic: 50%B; Flow rate: 3.5 mL / min; Column temp.: 35 ℃; ABPR: 1500 psi. Example 21. Synthesis of Compound 69, Compound 70, and Compound 71
[0530] Step 1. To a mixture of INT-G (800 mg, 2.44 mmol) in dichloromethane (10 mL) were added prop-1-en-2-ylboronic acid (630 mg, 7.34 mmol) , copper (II) acetate (1.46 g, 7.34 mmol) and pyridine (1.93 g, 24.45 mmol) , and the reaction was stirred at room temperature overnight under oxygen atmosphere. The mixture was diluted with water (15 mL) , extracted with dichloromethane (20 mL × 2) . The organic layer was dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was subjected to silica gel column chromatography to afford 69-1 (300 mg, 33.4%yield) as a yellow solid. LC-MS (ESI) : m / z 367.1 [M+H] +.
[0531] Step 2. To a mixture of 69-1 (300 mg, 0.82 mmol) in N-methylpyrrolidone (2.0 mL) was added tert-butyl (1S, 6S) -2, 5-diazabicyclo [4.2.0] octane-2-carboxylate (694 mg, 3.27 mmol) , and the reaction was stirred at 120℃ for 2h. After completion, the reaction mixture was cooled to 0℃, water (2 mL) was added, followed by the addition of lithium hydroxide monohydrate (69 mg, 1.63 mmol) . Then the reaction mixture was stirred for 0.5 h at 28℃. After completion, the mixture was diluted with 0.1 M hydrochloric acid solution (20 mL) and extracted with ethyl acetate (20 mL) . The organic layer was washed with 0.1 M hydrochloric acid solution (20 mL×2) until tert-butyl (1S, 6S) -2, 5-diazabicyclo [4.2.0] octane-2-carboxylate had been completely removed. The organic layer was collected, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to afford 69-2 (300 mg, 76%yield) as a yellow solid. LC-MS (ESI) : m / z 485.2 [M+H] +.
[0532] Step 3. To a mixture of 69-2 (290 mg, 0.60 mmol) in dichloromethane (10 mL) were added 2-chloro-4- (trifluoromethyl) aniline (234 mg, 1.20 mmol) , triethylamine (605 mg, 6.0 mmol) and 1-propanephosphonic acid cyclic anhydride (50%in EA, 1.14 g, 1.80 mmol) , and the reaction was stirred at room temperature for 3 h. The mixture was diluted with water (10 mL) and extracted with dichloromethane (10 mL × 2) . The organic layer was dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was subjected to silica gel column chromatography to afford 69-3 (120 mg, 30 %yield) as a yellow solid. LC-MS (ESI) : m / z 662.2 [M+H] +.
[0533] Step 4. To a mixture of 69-3 (120 mg, 0.18 mmol) in 1, 4-dioxane (1 mL) was added HCl in dioxane (0.5 mL, 1.81 mmol, 4M) at 0℃. The mixture was stirred for 1h at 40℃. The mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure to give 69-4 (102 mg, crude) as a yellow oil. LC-MS (ESI) : m / z 562.2 [M+H] +.
[0534] Step 5. To a solution of 69-4 (5, 102 mg, 0.18 mmol) in MeCN (2 mL) was added 5-hydroxy-6-methylpyrimidine-4-carboxylic acid (140 mg, 0.90 mmol) , 1-methylimidazole (119 mg, 1.45 mmol) , and N- (3-dimethylaminopropyl) -N'-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (209 mg, 1.09 mmol) . The resulting mixture was stirred at 40℃ for 1 hour. The reaction mixture was diluted with water (10 mL) and extracted with ethyl acetate (10 mL × 2) . The combined organic layers were concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue. The residue was purified by prep-HPLC to give Compound 69 (32 mg, 25%yield) . LC-MS (ESI) : m / z 698.2 [M+H] +.
[0535] Step 6. The racemic mixture 69 was separated by chiral SFC separation to give:
[0536] Compound 70: 9.0 mg, de: 98.96%, Retention time: 1.973 min. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ ppm 11.62 -12.75 (m, 1H) , 8.65 (s, 1H) , 8.47 (d, J = 8.8 Hz, 1 H) , 7.97 -8.13 (m, 1H) , 7.62 -7.71 (m, 1H) , 7.50 -7.59 (m, 1H) , 6.05 (s, 1H) , 5.35 -5.56 (m, 1H) , 5.13 (s, 1H) , 3.40 -4.92 (m, 7H) , 2.55 -2.63 (m, 4H) , 2.33 -2.47 (m, 5H) , 2.04 -2.20 (m, 2H) , 1.82 -1.89 (m, 2H) , 1.45 (br s, 2H) ; HPLC purity: 97.51%; LCMS: m / z 698.2 [M+H] +.
[0537] Compound 71: 15.0 mg, de: 94.80%; Retention time: 1.006 min, 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ ppm 11.62 -12.75 (m, 1H) , 8.65 (s, 1H) , 8.47 (d, J = 8.8 Hz, 1 H) , 7.97 -8.13 (m, 1H) , 7.62 -7.71 (m, 1H) , 7.50 -7.59 (m, 1H) , 6.05 (s, 1H) , 5.35 -5.56 (m, 1H) , 5.13 (s, 1H) , 3.40 -4.92 (m, 7H) , 2.55 -2.63 (m, 4H) , 2.33 -2.47 (m, 5H) , 2.04 -2.20 (m, 2H) , 1.82 -1.89 (m, 2H) , 1.45 (br s, 2H) ; HPLC purity: 97.40%; LCMS: m / z 698.3 [M+H] +.
[0538] Acq Method: Column: Chiralpak IG-3 50 x 4.6mm I.D, 3μm; Mobile phase: A: CO2; B: ethanol (0.2%MNH3) ; Isocratic: 40%B Flow rate: 4mL / min, Column temp.: 35 ℃, ABPR: 1500psi. Example 22. Synthesis of Compound 72 and Compound 73
[0539] Step-1. 2-methoxy-N-methylethan-1-amine (2.54 g, 28.54 mmol) and AgBF4 (556 mg, 2.85 mmol) were added to a solution of INT-F (700 mg, 1.43 mmol) in DMSO (7 mL) at room temperature under N2 atmosphere. The mixture was stirred at 140 ℃ for 1 h, then the reaction mixture was cooled, poured into H2O (10 mL) and extracted with DCM (10 mL x 3) . The organic layer was washed with water (20 mL x 3) and brine (20 mL x 3) , dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated to afford a residue. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (DCM / MeOH = 10: 1) to give 72-1 (650 mg, 1.30 mmol, 91.3%yield) .
[0540] Step-2. The reaction mixture of 72-1 (600 mg, 1.20 mmol) and NBS (235 mg, 1.32 mmol) in MeCN (6 mL) was stirred at room temperature for 1 h. After completion of the reaction, the reaction mixture was poured into water (10 mL) and extracted with DCM (10 mL x 3) , the combined organic layers were washed with brine (10 mL x 3) , dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (DCM / MeOH = 10: 1) to give 72-2 (500 mg, 0.87 mmol, 71.9%yield) .
[0541] Step-3. To a solution of 72-2 (50 mg, 0.09 mmol) in NMP (1 mL) was added tert-butyl (1S, 6S) -2, 5-diazabicyclo [4.2.0] octane-2-carboxylate (55 mg, 0.26 mmol) at room temperature under N2 atmosphere. The mixture was stirred at 120 ℃ for 1 h, then the reaction mixture was cooled, poured into H2O (5 mL) and extracted with DCM (10 mL x 3) . The organic layer was washed with water (10 mL x 3) and brine (10 mL x 3) , dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated to afford a residue. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (DCM / MeOH = 40: 1) to give 72-3A (20 mg, 0.03 mmol, 32.6%yield, eluted as less polar Peak 1) and 72-3B (25 mg, 0.04 mmol, 38.6%yield, eluted as Peak 2) .
[0542] Step-4. To a mixture of 72-3A (80 mg, 0.11 mmol) in DCM (1 mL) was added HCl / dioxane (1 mL, 4N) at room temperature, the mixture was stirred for 1 h at room temperature. After completion of the reaction, the reaction mixture was poured into water (5 mL) and extracted with DCM (5 mL x 3) , the combined organic layers were washed with brine (5 mL x 3) , dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (DCM / MeOH =10: 1) to give 72-4 (45 mg, 0.07 mmol, 65.5%yield) as a white solid.
[0543] Step-5. To a solution of 5-hydroxy-6-methylpyrimidine-4-carboxylic acid (17 mg, 0.11 mmol) in DCM (1 mL) were added HOAT (15 mg, 0.11 mmol) and EDCI (21 mg, 0.11 mmol) at room temperature under N2 atmosphere. The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 h, 72-4 (45 mg, 0.07 mmol) and DIEA (19 mg, 0.15 mmol) were added. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 h. After completion, the mixture was poured into H2O (10 mL) and extracted with DCM (10 mL x 2) . The combined organic layers were dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue. The residue was purified by prep-HPLC (acetonitrile with 0.1%FA in water, 50%to 80%) to afford Compound 72. Yield: 16.5 mg, 29.7%, 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 10.43 (brs, 1H) , 8.54 (s, 1H) , 7.95 (s, 1H) , 7.88 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1H) , 7.71 (d, J = 7.6 Hz, 1H) , 5.49 (brs, 1H) , 4.50 –4.25 (m, 1H) , 3.62 –3.50 (m, 3H) , 3.49 –3.20 (m, 5H) , 3.15 (s, 3H) , 2.98 (s, 3H) , 2.92 –2.77 (m, 1H) ...
Claims
1.A compound of Formula (I) : or a stereoisomer, a mixture of stereoisomers, tautomer, isotopologue, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein:M1, M2, M3, M4 and M7 are each independently C or N, as valency permits;M5 and M6 are each independently CR0, N, O, NR0, or S, as valency permits;T1 is N or CR4;Ring T is optionally substituted 5-to 7-membered ring;LA1 and LA2 are each independently absent, O, NR0’, optionally substituted C1-3 alkylene, or optionally substituted C1-3 heteroalkylene;A isor Ring A;Ring A is 4-to 12-membered heterocyclylene, C3-8 cycloalkylene, C3-8 cycloalkenylene, or 5-to 12-membered heteroarylene, optionally substituted with one or more (e.g., 1, 2, or 3) Ra;each instance of Ra is independently deuterium, halogen, oxo, optionally substituted C1-4 alkyl, or optionally substituted 3-to 6-membered ring (e.g., C3-6 cycloalkyl) ; or two instances of Ra, together with the intervening atom (s) , form an optionally substituted 3-to 6-membered ring;Y is absent, -C (O) -, -S (O) -, -S (O) 2-, -S (O) (=NH) -, optionally substituted 5-to 6-membered heteroarylene, or optionally substituted 5-to 6-membered heterocyclylene;Ring B1 is 5-to 6-membered heteroaryl, optionally substituted with one or more (e.g., 1, 2, or 3) Rb, and Z1 is N (OH) , C (OH) , -C (=O) , N-O-, or C-O-;each instance of Rb is independently deuterium, halogen, OH, oxo, CN, amido, sulfonyl, sulfonamide, optionally substituted C1-4 alkyl, optionally substituted C1-4 heteroalkyl, optionally substituted 5-to 6-membered heteroaryl, or optionally substituted C3-6 cycloalkyl; or two adjacent Rb, together with the intervening atom (s) , form an optionally substituted 3-to 6-membered ring;X is -C (O) -or -S (O) 2-;LX is -NR0’-or -CR0’R0’-;each instance of R0 is independently H, deuterium, or optionally substituted C1-4 alkyl;each instance of R0’ is independently H or optionally substituted C1-4 alkyl; or two instances of R0’, together with the carbon atom they are attached to, form an optionally substituted 3-to 6-membered ring;R1 is optionally substituted C4-6 cycloalkenyl, optionally substituted 4-to 12-membered heterocyclyl, optionally substituted 5-to 12-membered heteroaryl, optionally substituted C6-10 aryl, optionally substituted C3-6 cycloalkyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkenyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkynyl, optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, optionally substituted C1-6 alkoxy, or optionally substituted amino;R2 is optionally substituted 5-to 12-membered heteroaryl, or optionally substituted C6-10 aryl;R4 is H, deuterium, halogen, or optionally substituted C1-4 alkyl; andprovided that, when M5 is not O, M6 is not O, M7 is C, LA1 is absent, A is optionally substituted heterocyclylene, LA2 is absent, Ring T isand Y is -C (O) -, -S (O) -, -S (O) 2-, or -S (O) (=NH) -, then Ring B1 is 5-membered heteroaryl, optionally substituted with one or more (e.g., 1, 2, or 3) Rb.2.The compound of claim 1, which is a compound of Formula (I-A) : or a stereoisomer, a mixture of stereoisomers, tautomer, isotopologue, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein:X1 and X2 are each independently -N-, -CH-, or -C=;Ring A is 4-to 12-membered heterocyclylene, C3-8 cycloalkylene, C3-8 cycloalkenylene, or 5-to 12-membered heteroarylene, optionally substituted with one or more (e.g., 1, 2, or 3) Ra.3.The compound of claim 1 or 2, wherein Ring A is a 6-to 10-membered monocyclic or bicyclic heterocyclylene having 1–4 ring heteroatoms selected from N, O, or S, wherein the heterocyclylene is saturated or partially unsaturated, and wherein the heterocyclylene is optionally substituted with one or more (e.g., 1, 2, or 3) Ra.4.The compound of claim 1 or 2, wherein Ring A is wherein:each instance ofis independently a single bond or a double bond;s is 0, 1, or 2;t is 0, 1, or 2;X1 and X2 are each independently -N-, -CH-, or -C=; andRing A is optionally substituted with one or more (e.g., 1, 2, or 3) Ra.5.The compound of claim 1, which is a compound of Formula (I-B) : or a stereoisomer, a mixture of stereoisomers, tautomer, isotopologue, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.6.A compound of Formula (II) : or a stereoisomer, a mixture of stereoisomers, tautomer, isotopologue, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein:M1, M2, M3, M4 and M7 are each independently C or N, as valency permits;M5 and M6 are each independently CR0, N, O, NR0, or S, as valency permits;T1 is N or CR4;Ring T is optionally substituted 5-to 7-membered ring;X3 is -N-, -CH-, or -C=;X4 connects Ring C and Ring D, and X4 is C or a bond;Ring C is 4-to 8-membered heterocyclyl, 5-to 6-membered heteroaryl, C4-7 cycloalkyl, or phenyl, optionally substituted with one or more (e.g., 1, 2, or 3) Rc;Ring D is 4-to 8-membered heterocyclyl, 5-to 6-membered heteroaryl, or C4-7 cycloalkyl, optionally substituted with one or more (e.g., 1, 2, or 3) Rd or L-B;each instance of Rc is independently deuterium, halogen, optionally substituted C1-4 alkyl, or optionally substituted 3-to 6-membered ring; or two instances of Rc, together with the intervening atom (s) , form an optionally substituted 3-to 6-membered ring;each instance of Rd is independently deuterium, halogen, OH, oxo, C1-4 alkyl, NH2, NH (C1-4 alkyl) , N (C1-4 alkyl) 2, -C (O) (C1-4 alkyl) , -CONH (C1-4 alkyl) , or -C (O) N (C1-4 alkyl) 2, and wherein the alkyl is optionally substituted;L is absent, -C (R5) 2-, -C (R5) 2-C (R5) 2-, or NR5;B is H, optionally substituted C1-3 alkyl, or optionally substituted Ring B, wherein Ring B is 5-to 12-membered heteroaryl, 4-to 12-membered heterocyclyl, C6-10 aryl, C3-8 cycloalkyl, or C3-8 cycloalkenyl;X is -C (O) -or -S (O) 2-;LX is -NR0’-or -CR0’R0’-;each instance of R0 is independently H, deuterium, or optionally substituted C1-4 alkyl;each instance of R0’ is independently H or optionally substituted C1-4 alkyl; or two instances of R0’, together with the carbon atom they are attached to, form an optionally substituted 3-to 6-membered ring;R1 is optionally substituted C4-6 cycloalkenyl, optionally substituted 4-to 12-membered heterocyclyl, optionally substituted 5-to 12-membered heteroaryl, optionally substituted C6-10 aryl, optionally substituted C3-6 cycloalkyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkenyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkynyl, optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, optionally substituted C1-6 alkoxy, or optionally substituted amino;R2 is optionally substituted 5-to 12-membered heteroaryl, or optionally substituted C6-10 aryl; andR4 is H, deuterium, halogen, or optionally substituted C1-4 alkyl; andeach instance of R5 is independently H, deuterium, halogen, or optionally substituted C1-4 alkyl; or two instances of R5, together with the intervening atom (s) , form an optionally substituted 3-to 6-membered ring.7.The compound of claim 6, wherein X4 is C.8.The compound of claim 6, wherein X4 is a C-C single bond, N-C single bond, or C-C double bond.9.The compound of any one of claims 6 to 8, wherein Ring D contains a hydrogen-bond acceptor atom, or Ring D is substituted with a substituent that contains a hydrogen-bond acceptor atom, wherein the hydrogen-bond acceptor atom is 3-to 6-bond away from X3; or Ring D is substituted with L-B.10.The compound of claim 9, wherein a ring atom of Ring D that is alpha to X4 is a hydrogen-bond acceptor atom or is substituted with a substituent that contains a hydrogen-bond acceptor atom.11.The compound of claim 10, wherein Ring C-Ring D together is wherein:Ring C1 is 4-to 6-membered heterocyclyl, optionally substituted with one or more (e.g., 1, 2, or 3) Rc;Ring D1 is 4-to 8-membered heterocyclyl, optionally substituted with one or more (e.g., 1, 2, or 3) Rd or L-B; andZ4 is O, oxo, SO2, N, NOH, or NH.12.The compound of claim 10, wherein Ring C-Ring D together is wherein:Ring C2 is 5-to 6-membered heterocyclyl, 5-to 6-membered heteroaryl, or phenyl, wherein the heterocyclyl and phenyl are optionally substituted with one or more (e.g., 1, 2, or 3) Rc;Ring D2 is 5-to 8-membered heterocyclyl, or 5-membered heteroaryl, wherein the heterocyclyl and heteroaryl are optionally substituted with one or more (e.g., 1, 2, or 3) Rd or L-B;X5 is CH, C, or N;X6 is CH, C, or N; andZ5 is O, oxo, SO2, N, NOH, or NH.13.The compound of any one of claims 1 to 12, wherein Ring T is optionally substituted 5-membered non-aromatic ring.14.The compound of any one of claims 1 to 12, wherein Ring T is optionally substituted 6-membered non-aromatic ring.15.The compound of any one of claims 1 to 14, wherein Ring T is optionally substituted with one or more (e.g., 1, 2, or 3) Rt; each instance of Rt is independently deuterium, halogen, or optionally substituted C1-4 alkyl; or two germinal Rt, together with the carbon atom they are attached to, form an optionally substituted 3-to 6-membered ring (e.g., cyclopropyl) .16.The compound of any one of claims 1 to 12, wherein is wherein:n is 0, 1, or 2;T2 is O, NRt0, or CRt0Rt0;T3 is O, NRt0, or CRt0Rt0;each instance of Rt0 is independently hydrogen or Rt; andeach instance of Rt is independently deuterium, halogen, or optionally substituted C1-4 alkyl; or two germinal Rt, together with the carbon atom they are attached to, form an optionally substituted 3-to 6-membered ring (e.g., cyclopropyl) .17.The compound of claim 16, which is a compound of Formula (III-A) or (III-B) : or a stereoisomer, a mixture of stereoisomers, tautomer, isotopologue, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.18.The compound of claim 16, which is a compound of Formula (V-A) , (V-B) , (V-C) , or (V-D) : or a stereoisomer, a mixture of stereoisomers, tautomer, isotopologue, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.19.The compound of any one of claims 16 to 18, wherein n is 0.20.The compound of any one of claims 16 to 18, wherein n is 1.21.The compound of any one of claims 16 to 20, wherein T2 is NRt or CHRt.22.The compound of any one of claims 16 to 21, wherein T3 is O or CH2.23.The compound of any one of claims 1 to 22, wherein: (i) M2 is N and T1 is CH; (ii) M2 is C and T1 is N; or (iii) M2 is C and T1 is CH.24.The compound of any one of claims 1 to 18, wherein is 25.The compound of any one of claims 1 to 18, wherein is 26.The compound of claim 25, wherein Rt0 is methyl.27.The compound of claim 25, wherein Rt0 is hydrogen.28.The compound of any one of claims 1 to 27, wherein X-LX is -C (O) -NH-, -C (O) -CH2-, or -S (O) 2-CH2-.29.The compound of any one of claims 1 to 28, wherein R2 is phenyl or 5-to 6-membered heteroaryl, and wherein the phenyl and heteroaryl are optionally substituted with one or more deuterium, halogen, OH, CN, oxo, C1-3 alkyl, C1-3 haloalkyl, C1-3 alkoxy, SF5, or C (O) H.30.The compound of claim 29, wherein R2 is wherein X7 is CH or N; each instance of Rf is independently deuterium, halogen, OH, CN, C1-3 alkyl, C1-3 haloalkyl, C1-3 alkoxy, SF5, or C (O) H; and m is an integer from 0 to 5 as valency permits.31.The compound of claim 30, which is a compound of Formula (IV-1) , (IV-2) , (IV-3) , (IV-4) , (IV-5) , (IV-6) , (IV-7) , (IV-8) , (IV-9) , (IV-10) , (IV-11) , (IV-12) , (IV-13) , (IV-14) , (IV-15) , (IV-16) , (IV-17) , (IV-18) , (IV-19) , (IV-20) , (IV-21) , (IV-22) , (IV-23) , (IV-24) , (IV-25) , (IV-26) , (IV-27) , (IV-28) , (IV-29) , (IV-30) , (IV-31) , (IV-32) , (IV-33) , (IV-34) , (IV-35) , (IV-36) , (IV-37) , (IV-38) , (IV-39) , (IV-40) , (IV-41) , (IV-42) , (IV-43) , (IV-44) , (IV-45) , (IV-46) , (IV-47) , (IV-48) , (IV-49) , (IV-50) , (IV-51) , (IV-52) , (IV-53) , (IV-54) , (IV-55) , (IV-56) , (IV-57) , (IV-58) , (IV-59) , (IV-60) , (IV-61) , (IV-62) , (IV-63) , (IV-64) , (IV-65) , (IV-66) , (IV-67) , (IV-68) , (IV-69) , (IV-70) , (IV-71) , (IV-72) , (IV-73) , (IV-74) , (IV-75) , (IV-76) , (IV-77) , (IV-78) , or (IV-79) : or a stereoisomer, a mixture of stereoisomers, tautomer, isotopologue, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein:each instance of Rb0 is independently hydrogen or Rb;Ring E is C4-6 cycloalkenyl, 4-to 12-membered heterocyclyl, 5-to 12-membered heteroaryl, C6-10 aryl, C3-6 cycloalkyl, optionally substituted with one or more (e.g., 1, 2, or 3) Re;each instance of Re is independently oxo, deuterium, halogen, CN, OH, C1-3 alkyl, C1-3 haloalkyl, C1-3 alkoxy, -CO (C1-3 alkyl) , - (C1-3 alkylene) -CO (C1-3 alkyl) , - (C1-3 alkylene) -CO2 (C1-3 alkyl) , or C3-8 cycloalkyl.32.The compound of claim 30, which is a compound of Formula (VI-1) , (VI-2) , (VI-3) , (VI-4) , (VI-5) , (VI-6) , (VI-7) , or (VI-8) : or a stereoisomer, a mixture of stereoisomers, tautomer, isotopologue, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.33.The compound of any one of claims 1 to 32, wherein R1 or Ring E is C4-6 cycloalkenyl, 4-to 6-membered heterocyclyl, 5-to 6-membered heteroaryl, or phenyl, wherein the cycloalkenyl, heterocyclyl, heteroaryl, and phenyl are optionally substituted with one or more deuterium, halogen, oxo, CN, OH, C1-3 alkyl, C1-3 haloalkyl, C1-3 alkoxy, or C3-8 cycloalkyl, wherein the alkyl is optionally substituted with one or more deuterium, halogen, OH, or -N (C1-3 alkyl) -O (C1-3 alkyl) .34.The compound of claim 33, wherein R1 or Ring E is 4-to 6-membered heterocyclyl having 1–3 ring heteroatoms independently selected from N, O, or S, wherein the heterocyclyl is saturated or partially unsaturated, 5-to 6-membered heteroaryl having 1–3 ring heteroatoms independently selected from N, O, or S, or phenyl, and wherein the heterocyclyl, heteroaryl, and phenyl are optionally substituted with one or more deuterium, halogen, oxo, CN, OH, CH3, OCH3, cyclopropyl, -C (CH3) 2OH, or -CH2-N (CH3) -O (CH3) .35.The compound of claim 34, wherein R1 or Ring E is 36.The compound of claim 35, wherein R1 or Ring E is 37.The compound of any one of claims 1 to 30, wherein R1 is optionally substituted C2-6 alkenyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkynyl, optionally substituted C1-3 alkoxy, or optionally substituted amino.38.The compound of any one of claims 1 to 30, wherein R1 is wherein:R1a, R1b, and R1c are each independently hydrogen, deuterium, halogen, cyano, optionally substituted C1-4 alkyl, optionally substituted C3-6 cycloalkyl, optionally substituted C4-6 cycloalkenyl, optionally substituted 4-to 12-membered heterocyclyl, optionally substituted C6-10 aryl, or optionally substituted 5-to 12-membered heteroaryl;R1d and R1e are each independently hydrogen, optionally substituted C1-4 alkyl, optionally substituted C3-6 cycloalkyl, optionally substituted C4-6 cycloalkenyl, optionally substituted 4-to 12-membered heterocyclyl, optionally substituted C6-10 aryl, or optionally substituted 5-to 12-membered heteroaryl;or R1d and R1e, together with the nitrogen they are attached to, form an optionally substituted 3-to 8-membered ring.39.The compound of claim 38, which is a compound of Formula (IV-80) , (IV-81) , (IV-82) , (IV-83) , (IV-84) , (IV-85) , (IV-86) , (IV-87) , (IV-88) , (IV-89) , (IV-90) , (IV-91) , (IV-92) , (IV-93) , (IV-94) , (IV-95) , (IV-96) , (IV-97) , or (IV-98) : or a stereoisomer, a mixture of stereoisomers, tautomer, isotopologue, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.40.The compound of claim 38 or 39, wherein R1a or R1d is independently hydrogen, C1-3 alkyl, C3-6 cycloalkyl, or 4-to 6-membered heterocyclyl, wherein the alkyl, cycloalkyl, or heterocyclyl is optionally substituted with one or more deuterium, halogen, CN, OH, CH3, OCH3, N (CH3) 2, or cyclopropyl.41.The compound of any one of claims 38 to 40, wherein R1b or R1e is independently hydrogen, or C1-3 alkyl optionally substituted with one or more deuterium or halogen (e.g., F) .42.The compound of any one of claims 38 to 41, wherein R1c is hydrogen.43.The compound of any one of claims 1 to 38, wherein R1 is -CH3, or -CF3.44.The compound of any one of claims 1 to 43, wherein R2 or is wherein Rfp is halogen, C1-3 alkyl, C1-3 haloalkyl, SF5, or C (O) H; each instance of Rf is independently deuterium, halogen, C1-3 alkyl, or C1-3 haloalkyl; and m is an integer from 0 to 4 as valency permits.45.The compound of claim 44, wherein R2 or is 46.The compound of claim 45, wherein R2 or is 47.The compound of any one of claims 1 to 46, wherein Ring A is optionally substituted with one or more (e.g., 1, 2, or 3) Ra.48.The compound of claim 47, wherein Ring A is optionally substituted with one or more (e.g., 1, 2, or 3) Ra, and wherein the attachment to the left is toward M1.49.The compound of claim 48, wherein Ring A is 50.The compound of any one of claims 1 to 49, wherein Ring B1 is 5-membered heteroaryl, optionally substituted with one or more (e.g., 1, 2, or 3) Rb.51.The compound of claim 50, wherein Ring B1 is each of which is optionally substituted with one or more (e.g., 1, 2, or 3) Rb.52.The compound of claim 51, wherein Ring B1 is: 53.The compound of any one of claims 1 to 49, wherein Ring B1 is 6-membered heteroaryl, optionally substituted with one or more (e.g., 1, 2, or 3) Rb.54.The compound of claim 53, wherein Ring B1 is each of which is optionally substituted with one or more (e.g., 1, 2, or 3) Rb.55.The compound of claim 54, wherein Ring B1 is: 56.The compound of any one of claims 1 to 55, wherein Y is -C (O) -or -S (O) 2-.57.The compound of any one of claims 5 to 46, wherein:(i) Ring C-Ring D together (or Ring C1-Ring D1 together) iseach of which is optionally substituted with one or more (e.g., 1, 2, or 3) Rc and / or one or more (e.g., 1, 2, or 3) Rd and / or L-B; or(ii) Ring C-Ring D together (or Ring C2-Ring D2 together) iseach of which is optionally substituted with one or more (e.g., 1, 2, or 3) Rc and / or one or more (e.g., 1, 2, or 3) Rd and / or L-B.58.The compound of claim 57, wherein:(i) Ring C-Ring D together isor(ii) Ring C-Ring D together is59.The compound of any one of claims 1 to 58, wherein R4 is H.60.A compound in Table 1, Table S1, or Table 1A, or a stereoisomer, a mixture of stereoisomers, tautomer, isotopologue, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.61.A pharmaceutical composition comprising the compound of any one of claims 1 to 60, and one or more pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.62.A method of modulating WRN activity in a subject, wherein the method comprises contacting the subject with the compound of any one of claims 1 to 60 or the pharmaceutically composition of claim 61.63.A method of treating cancer, comprising administering to a subject having the cancer a therapeutically effective amount of the compound of any one of claims 1 to 60 or the pharmaceutically composition of claim 61.64.The method of claim 63, wherein the cancer is associated with WRN protein.65.The method of claim 64, wherein the cancer is characterized as microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H) or mismatch repair deficient (dMMR) .66.The method of any one of claims 63 to 65, wherein the cancer is cancer is colorectal cancer, gastric cancer, endometrial cancer, adrenocortical cancer, uterine cancer, cervical cancer, esophageal cancer, breast cancer, kidney cancer, stomach cancer, bladder cancer, prostate cancer, ovarian cancer, or leukemia.67.The method of claim 66, wherein the cancer is colorectal cancer.
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