Charging protocol generation device and method

Abstract

A charging protocol generation device according to an embodiment of the present invention comprises: a protocol acquisition unit configured to obtain a charging protocol indicating a correspondence relationship between a charging C-rate and the charging limit SOC of a battery; a profile acquisition unit configured to obtain a resistance profile based on a reference profile indicating a correspondence relationship between the SOC and the resistance of the battery in a charging process according to the charging C-rate and a standard profile corresponding to a preset standard C-rate; and a control unit configured to correct the charging protocol by changing the charging C-rate of the charging protocol on the basis of the resistance profile.

Description

Charging protocol generation device and method

[0001] The present invention relates to a charging protocol generation device and method.

[0002] This application claims priority to Korean Application No. 10-2024-0069604, filed May 28, 2024, the entire disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference.

[0003]

[0004] Recently, as the demand for portable electronic products such as laptops, video cameras, and mobile phones has rapidly increased, and the development of electric vehicles, energy storage batteries, robots, and satellites has been in full swing, research into high-performance batteries capable of repeated charging and discharging is actively being conducted.

[0005] Currently commercialized batteries include nickel-cadmium batteries, nickel-hydrogen batteries, nickel-zinc batteries, and lithium batteries. Among these, lithium batteries are receiving attention for their advantages of being able to charge and discharge freely, having a very low self-discharge rate, and having a high energy density, as they have almost no memory effect compared to nickel-based batteries.

[0006] With the commercialization of electric powertrains such as electric vehicles, electric motorcycles, and electric bicycles, the demand for high-capacity and high-performance batteries is increasing. However, as battery capacity increases, the time required to charge the battery also increases, highlighting the drawback. To address this issue, rapid charging technologies are being developed. However, there are concerns that rapid charging may accelerate battery degradation. Therefore, to prevent battery degradation due to rapid charging, a rapid charging protocol capable of efficiently charging batteries is required.

[0007] In particular, it is necessary to prevent lithium metal deposition on the cathode surface (lithium plating). Lithium deposition on the cathode surface can lead to side reactions with the electrolyte and alterations in the battery's kinetic balance, potentially contributing to battery degradation. Furthermore, lithium metal deposition on the cathode surface can cause internal short circuits within the battery, posing a risk of fire or explosion due to internal short circuits.

[0008] Additionally, it is necessary to prevent the cathode structure from collapsing due to overvoltage formation during fast charging. For example, in the case of manganese-rich batteries, manganese elements extracted from the cathode structure during fast charging can be detected on the cathode surface. This negatively impacts the battery's capacity retention rate.

[0009] Therefore, a rapid charging protocol is required that can prevent the reduction in battery capacity retention by avoiding the phenomenon of lithium metal precipitation on the cathode surface and collapse of the cathode structure.

[0010]

[0011] The present invention has been devised to solve the above problems, and its purpose is to provide a charging protocol generation device and method that generate a charging protocol capable of preventing a decrease in the capacity retention rate of a battery.

[0012] Other objects and advantages of the present invention can be understood through the following description and will be more clearly understood through the embodiments of the present invention. Furthermore, it will be readily apparent that the objects and advantages of the present invention can be realized by the means and combinations thereof set forth in the claims.

[0013]

[0014] A charging protocol generation device according to one aspect of the present invention may include a protocol acquisition unit configured to acquire a charging protocol indicating a correspondence between a charging c-rate and a charging limit SOC of a battery; a profile acquisition unit configured to acquire a resistance profile based on a reference profile indicating a correspondence between the SOC and resistance of the battery during a charging process according to the charging c-rate and a reference profile corresponding to a preset reference c-rate; and a control unit configured to correct the charging protocol by changing a charging c-rate of the charging protocol based on the resistance profile.

[0015] The control unit may be configured to determine a target SOC range from the resistance profile and change a target c-rate corresponding to the target SOC range in the charging protocol.

[0016] The above control unit may be configured to reduce the target c-rate.

[0017] The control unit may be configured to detect one or more peaks in the resistance profile and determine the target SOC range based on the detected peaks.

[0018] The control unit may be configured to determine a target peak having the smallest corresponding SOC among the one or more peaks, and to determine an SOC section including the target SOC of the target peak as the target SOC section.

[0019] The above control unit may be configured to determine a SOC section within a predetermined range from the target SOC as the target SOC section.

[0020] The control unit may be configured to determine the target SOC range based on any one of a plurality of resistance profiles corresponding to a plurality of charging c-rates when there are multiple charging c-rates.

[0021] The control unit may be configured to determine the target SOC section from a resistance profile having the largest corresponding charge c-rate among the plurality of resistance profiles.

[0022] The above charging process can be configured so that the charging mode and the rest mode are alternately repeated.

[0023] The above reference profile can be configured to represent a correspondence between the resistance calculated based on the voltage change amount during each idle mode and the SOC corresponding to each idle mode.

[0024] The above charging protocol can be configured so that a corresponding charging limit SOC is set for each charging c-rate based on a change pattern of the resistance according to an increase in the SOC of the reference profile.

[0025] The above resistance profile can be configured to represent the difference between the SOC-specific resistance of the reference profile and the SOC-specific resistance of the reference profile.

[0026] A server according to another aspect of the present invention may include a charging protocol generation device according to one aspect of the present invention.

[0027] A battery management device according to another aspect of the present invention may be configured to receive a corrected charging protocol from a charging protocol generating device according to one aspect of the present invention, and control charging of a battery to be charged based on the corrected charging protocol.

[0028] A method for generating a charging protocol according to another aspect of the present invention may include a protocol acquisition step of acquiring a charging protocol indicating a correspondence between a SOC of a battery and a charging c-rate; a profile acquisition step of acquiring a resistance profile based on a reference profile indicating a correspondence between the SOC and resistance of the battery during a charging process according to the charging c-rate and a reference profile corresponding to a preset reference c-rate; and a protocol correction step of correcting the charging protocol by changing the charging c-rate of the charging protocol based on the resistance profile.

[0029]

[0030] According to one aspect of the present invention, since the resistance of the battery is taken into consideration and the charging protocol can be corrected, a decrease in the capacity retention rate of the battery can be prevented.

[0031] In addition, according to one aspect of the present invention, since a charging protocol can be corrected by taking into account multiple resistance profiles, not only can a decrease in the capacity retention rate of the battery be prevented, but also the charging time of the battery can be shortened.

[0032] The effects of the present invention are not limited to the effects mentioned above, and other effects not mentioned will be clearly understood by those skilled in the art from the description of the claims.

[0033]

[0034] The following drawings attached to this specification serve to further understand the technical idea of ​​the present invention together with the detailed description of the invention described below, and therefore the present invention should not be interpreted as being limited to the matters described in such drawings.

[0035] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating a charging protocol generation device according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0036] FIG. 2 is a diagram schematically illustrating a charging protocol according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0037] FIG. 3 is a diagram schematically illustrating a resistance profile according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0038] FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating a time series of the voltage of a battery measured during a charging process according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0039] Figure 5 is a drawing showing an enlarged portion of a part of Figure 4.

[0040] Figure 6 is a drawing exemplarily showing a state in which lithium metal precipitates are formed on the negative electrode of a battery.

[0041] FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating multiple resistance profiles according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0042] Figures 8 to 10 are drawings showing reference profiles obtained during a charging process under different charging conditions.

[0043] Figure 11 is a diagram showing an example of a complex impedance curve of a battery.

[0044] FIG. 12 is a drawing illustrating an exemplary configuration of a battery pack including a battery management device according to another embodiment of the present invention.

[0045] FIG. 13 is a drawing illustrating an exemplary configuration of a charging device including a battery management device according to another embodiment of the present invention.

[0046] FIG. 14 is a diagram schematically illustrating a charging protocol generation method according to another embodiment of the present invention.

[0047]

[0048] Terms or words used in this specification and claims should not be interpreted as limited to their usual or dictionary meanings, but should be interpreted as meanings and concepts that conform to the technical spirit of the present invention, based on the principle that the inventor can appropriately define the concept of the term to explain his or her own invention in the best possible manner.

[0049] Accordingly, the embodiments described in this specification and the configurations illustrated in the drawings are merely the most preferred embodiments of the present invention and do not represent all of the technical ideas of the present invention. Therefore, it should be understood that there may be various equivalents and modified examples that can replace them at the time of filing this application.

[0050] In addition, when describing the present invention, if it is determined that a detailed description of a related known configuration or function may obscure the gist of the present invention, the detailed description is omitted.

[0051] Terms that include ordinal numbers, such as first, second, etc., are used to distinguish one of the various components from the rest, and are not used to limit the components by such terms.

[0052] Throughout the specification, whenever a part is said to "include" a component, this does not mean that it excludes other components, but rather that it may include other components, unless otherwise stated.

[0053] Additionally, throughout the specification, when we say that a part is "connected" to another part, this includes not only cases where it is "directly connected" but also cases where it is "indirectly connected" with other elements in between.

[0054]

[0055] Hereinafter, a preferred embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the attached drawings.

[0056] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating a charging protocol generation device (100) according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0057] Referring to FIG. 1, a charging protocol generation device (100) may include a protocol acquisition unit (110), a profile acquisition unit (120), and a control unit (130).

[0058] The protocol acquisition unit (110) can be configured to acquire a charging protocol indicating a correspondence between the charging c-rate and the charging limit SOC (State of charge) of the battery.

[0059] Here, a battery refers to a physically separate, independent cell having a negative terminal and a positive terminal. For example, a lithium-ion battery or a lithium polymer battery may be considered a battery. Furthermore, the battery may be of a cylindrical type, a prismatic type, or a pouch type. Furthermore, a battery may also refer to a battery bank, a battery module, or a battery pack in which multiple cells are connected in series and / or parallel. For convenience of explanation, the term "battery" will be described herein below as referring to a single, independent cell.

[0060] Specifically, the charging protocol can be configured to indicate a charge limit SOC for each charge c-rate. The charge limit SOC refers to the maximum SOC at which charging can be performed without lithium plating when charging the battery at the corresponding charge c-rate. In general, when charging a battery at the same charge c-rate, the possibility of lithium plating occurring is higher in a high SOC region than in a relatively low SOC region. In other words, the high SOC region tends to be vulnerable to lithium plating during battery charging. In addition, the charge limit SOC tends to decrease as the charge c-rate increases. Therefore, the charge limit SOC corresponding to the charge c-rate can be determined with respect to the timing of lithium plating occurrence.

[0061] FIG. 2 is a diagram schematically illustrating a charging protocol according to an embodiment of the present invention. Referring to FIG. 2, it can be confirmed that as the charging c-rate increases, the corresponding charging limit SOC decreases. Specifically, when the charging c-rate is 3.5C, the charging limit SOC is 15%. When the charging c-rate is 2.5C, the charging limit SOC is 25%. When the charging c-rate is 1C, the charging limit SOC is 55%. When the charging c-rate is 0.5C, the charging limit SOC is 80%. When the charging c-rate is 0.33C, the charging limit SOC is 100%.

[0062] For example, the protocol acquisition unit (110) can directly receive a charging protocol from the outside. That is, the protocol acquisition unit (110) can receive a charging protocol by being connected to the outside via wires and / or wirelessly. For example, the protocol acquisition unit (110) can receive a charging protocol from the outside using CAN (Controller Area Network) communication or CAN-FD (CAN with Flexible Data rate) communication. As another example, the protocol acquisition unit (110) can receive a charging protocol from the outside using Zigbee, Bluetooth, WIFI, or a mobile communication network. Of course, as long as it supports communication between the protocol acquisition unit (110) and the outside, the type of communication protocol is not particularly limited.

[0063] As another example, the protocol acquisition unit (110) may receive a reference profile indicating the correspondence between the SOC and resistance of a battery from an external source. Furthermore, the protocol acquisition unit (110) may generate a charging protocol based on the received reference profile. Specifically, the protocol acquisition unit (110) may generate a charging protocol based on the change in resistance as the SOC of the reference profile increases.

[0064] As another example, the protocol acquisition unit (110) may receive battery information regarding the voltage and current of the battery from an external source. Furthermore, the protocol acquisition unit (110) may estimate the resistance and SOC of the battery based on the received battery information to generate a reference profile. The SOC is the ratio of the remaining capacity to the fully charged capacity of the battery, and may be expressed as a value within the range of 0 to 1 or 0 to 100%. Known methods such as ampere counting, OCV (Open Circuit Voltage)-SOC curve, and / or Kalman filter may be utilized to estimate the SOC. The protocol acquisition unit (110) may generate a charging protocol based on the generated reference profile.

[0065] For convenience of explanation, a specific embodiment in which a charging protocol is generated based on a reference profile is described below.

[0066] Meanwhile, a rapid charging protocol can be configured based on a charging protocol that indicates a correspondence between a charging c-rate and a charging limit SOC. Preferably, the rapid charging protocol can be configured to divide the SOC section into one or more SOC sections based on the charging limit SOC and to correspond a maximum allowable charging c-rate to each SOC section. The maximum allowable charging c-rate for each SOC section may mean a charging c-rate corresponding to the upper limit SOC of each SOC section in the charging protocol. Using such a rapid charging protocol, a battery can be charged at a high rate within a limit where lithium plating does not occur. In other words, using a rapid charging protocol based on a charging protocol can shorten the charging time while preventing accelerated degradation of the battery.

[0067] For example, the rapid charging protocol according to the embodiment of FIG. 2 can be configured as follows. Based on multiple charging limit SOCs (15%, 25%, 55%, 80%, 100%), the SOC section of 0 to 100% can be divided into a total of five SOC sections. For example, the SOC 0 to 100% section can be divided into the SOC 0 to 15% section, the SOC 15 to 25% section, the SOC 25 to 55% section, the SOC 55 to 80% section, and the SOC 80 to 100% section. In addition, it can be configured to correspond to the maximum allowable charging c-rate for each SOC section.

[0068] Specifically, the allowable charging c-rates for the SOC 0-15% range are 3.5C, 2.5C, 1C, 0.5C, and 0.33C. Therefore, the maximum allowable charging c-rate for the SOC 0-15% range is 3.5C. The allowable charging c-rates for the SOC 15-25% range are 2.5C, 1C, 0.5C, and 0.33C. Therefore, the maximum allowable charging c-rate for the SOC 15-25% range is 2.5C. The allowable charging c-rates for the SOC 25-55% range are 1C, 0.5C, and 0.33C. Therefore, the maximum allowable charging c-rate for the SOC 25-55% range is 1C. The allowable charge c-rates for the 55-80% SOC range are 0.5C and 0.33C. Therefore, the maximum allowable charge c-rate for the 55-80% SOC range is 0.5C. The allowable charge c-rate for the 80-100% SOC range is 0.33C. Therefore, the maximum allowable charge c-rate for the 80-100% SOC range is 0.33C.

[0069] That is, the fast charging protocol can be configured to correspond to a charging c-rate of 3.5C for the SOC 0-15% range, a charging c-rate of 2.5C for the SOC 15-25% range, a charging c-rate of 1C for the SOC 25-55% range, a charging c-rate of 0.5C for the SOC 55-80% range, and a charging c-rate of 0.33C for the SOC 80-100% range.

[0070] The protocol acquisition unit (110) may be connected to the profile acquisition unit (120) and the control unit (130) so as to be able to communicate with them. For example, the protocol acquisition unit (110) may be connected to the profile acquisition unit (120) and the control unit (130) by wire and / or wirelessly. The protocol acquisition unit (110) may transmit the acquired charging protocol to the profile acquisition unit (120) and the control unit (130).

[0071] FIG. 3 is a diagram schematically illustrating a resistance profile according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0072] In the embodiment of FIG. 3, the horizontal axis (X-axis) represents SOC (%), and the vertical axis (Y-axis) represents resistance (ohm).

[0073] The profile acquisition unit (120) can be configured to acquire a reference profile indicating a correspondence between the SOC and resistance of the battery acquired during the charging process according to the charging c-rate and a resistance profile based on a reference profile corresponding to a preset reference c-rate.

[0074] Specifically, the charging process can be performed within a preset voltage range. That is, the charging process can be performed until the battery voltage reaches a preset lower charge limit voltage and a preset upper charge limit voltage. The voltage range can be preset based on factors such as the magnitude of the charge c-rate and / or the battery temperature at the start of the charging process.

[0075] The charging process can be configured to alternate between charging mode and idle mode.

[0076] Here, the charge mode may refer to a period of time during which the battery is charged at a predetermined charge c-rate. That is, in the charge mode, the charging current may be supplied to the battery. The idle mode may refer to a period of time during which charging to the battery is stopped. That is, in the idle mode, the supply of charging current to the battery may be cut off.

[0077] When the first transition condition is satisfied, the charging mode can be switched to the idle mode. The first transition condition can be a time-based condition or a SOC-based condition. For example, if the duration of the charging mode (i.e., the elapsed time from the start time of the charging mode) reaches the first reference time, the first transition condition can be considered satisfied. In another example, if the SOC increase of the battery during the charging mode reaches the reference increase amount, the first transition condition can be considered satisfied.

[0078] When a second switching condition is satisfied, the mode can be switched from idle mode to charge mode. The second switching condition may be a time-based condition. For example, when the duration of the idle mode (i.e., the elapsed time from the start time of the idle mode) reaches a second reference time, the second switching condition may be considered satisfied. The second reference time may be preset. Preferably, the second reference time may be preset based on electrochemical characteristic data of the battery. For example, the second reference time may be preset by considering the charge transfer resistance value of the battery. The charge transfer resistance of the battery may be estimated based on Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) data. For convenience of explanation, a specific embodiment of determining the second reference time based on EIS data will be described below.

[0079] FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating a time series of the voltage of a battery measured during a charging process according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0080] In the embodiment of FIG. 4, the horizontal axis (X-axis) represents time (minutes), and the vertical axis (Y-axis) represents the voltage (V) of the battery.

[0081] Referring to Fig. 4, it can be seen that the voltage of the battery tends to increase overall during the charging period, and that the voltage increase section in the charging mode and the voltage decrease section in the rest mode are alternately repeated.

[0082] The reference profile can be configured to represent a correspondence between the resistance calculated based on the voltage change during each idle mode and the SOC corresponding to each idle mode.

[0083] For example, the resistance corresponding to each idle mode can be calculated using Ohm's law. Specifically, the resistance can be calculated by dividing the voltage change during the idle mode by the charging current value.

[0084] Figure 5 is a partial region (S) of Figure 4. drop ) is an enlarged drawing.

[0085] Referring to Fig. 5, t r1 represents the time when the device switches from charging mode to idle mode, and t r2 represents the time when the device switches from idle mode to charging mode, and Δt rest is the duration of the idle mode (e.g., the second reference time, i.e., t r2 - t r1 ) represents V r1 Silver t r1 Indicates the voltage value in V r2 is t r2 Indicates the voltage value at , ΔV rest is the voltage change (i.e., V r1 - V r2 ) is indicated.

[0086] For example, the resistance corresponding to the idle mode can be calculated using Equation 1.

[0087] <Formula 1>

[0088]

[0089] Here, I CCrepresents the charging current (e.g. constant current of charging c-rate), and R CT represents resistance.

[0090] The SOC corresponding to the idle mode is a SOC value that can represent each idle mode, and it is sufficient if it can be determined by the same criteria throughout the charging process. For example, the SOC corresponding to the idle mode may refer to the starting SOC (i.e., the highest SOC) of each idle mode. In another example, the SOC corresponding to the idle mode may refer to the SOC at the end of each idle mode (i.e., the lowest SOC). In another example, the SOC corresponding to the idle mode may refer to the average SOC during each idle mode.

[0091] The reference c-rate can be preset. For example, the reference c-rate can be set to a sufficiently low c-rate. Specifically, the reference c-rate can be set to a c-rate (e.g., 0.33C) that is low enough to reduce the risk of lithium plating in a high SOC region during battery charging. In another example, the reference c-rate can be preset to the lowest c-rate among the c-rates included in the charging protocol.

[0092] The resistance profile can be configured to represent the difference between the SOC-specific resistance of the reference profile and the SOC-specific resistance of the reference profile.

[0093] Specifically, an arbitrary SOC may be selected, a resistance corresponding to the selected SOC may be determined from a reference profile, and a resistance corresponding to the selected SOC may be determined from a reference profile. Then, a resistance difference between the resistance of the determined reference profile and the resistance of the reference profile may be calculated. This process may be repeated for a common range between the SOC range of the reference profile and the SOC range of the reference profile, thereby obtaining a resistance profile.

[0094] For example, in the embodiment of FIG. 3, the resistance profile may represent the resistance difference per SOC between a reference profile corresponding to 3.5C and a reference profile corresponding to 0.33C.

[0095] The control unit (130) may be configured to correct the charging protocol by changing the charging c-rate of the charging protocol based on the resistance profile.

[0096] Specifically, the control unit (130) may be configured to determine a target SOC range from the resistance profile.

[0097] Specifically, the control unit (130) can determine the target SOC section by considering the magnitude of the resistance and / or the change in the magnitude of the resistance of the resistance profile.

[0098] For example, the control unit (130) may determine a section in which the resistance of the resistance profile is greater than a predetermined threshold resistance as the target SOC section. Here, the threshold resistance may be preset by considering the type of battery, the type of active material, the composition ratio of the active material, etc. Preferably, the threshold resistance may be preset to a value lower than the starting resistance of the resistance profile.

[0099] For example, in the embodiment of FIG. 3, the control unit (130) can determine a section in which the magnitude of the resistance of the resistance profile (P_R) is greater than the starting resistance (Rs) as the target SOC section.

[0100] As another example, the control unit (130) may determine a section in which the resistance of the resistance profile rapidly increases and then rapidly decreases as the target SOC section. In other words, the target SOC section may be determined based on the maximum point of the resistance profile. An embodiment in which the target SOC section is determined based on the maximum point will be described later.

[0101] The control unit (130) may be configured to change the target c-rate corresponding to the target SOC section in the charging protocol.

[0102] Specifically, the control unit (130) can compare the target SOC section and the charging limit SOC of the charging protocol, and determine the target c-rate based on the comparison result.

[0103] More specifically, the control unit (130) can compare the upper limit of the target SOC section with the charging limit SOC, and determine the target c-rate based on the comparison result.

[0104] The control unit (130) can determine a charging limit SOC that exceeds the upper limit of the target SOC section, and determine a charging c-rate corresponding to the determined charging limit SOC as the target c-rate. If there are multiple charging limit SOCs that exceed the upper limit of the target SOC section, the control unit (130) can determine a charging c-rate corresponding to the minimum SOC among the determined multiple charging limit SOCs as the target c-rate.

[0105] For example, in the embodiment of FIG. 2, if the target SOC range is determined as SOC 0 to 10%, the control unit (130) can individually compare the upper limit of the target SOC range, SOC 10%, with multiple charging limit SOCs included in the charging protocol. The charging limit SOCs exceeding 10% can be determined as 15%, 25%, 55%, 80%, and 100%. The control unit (130) can determine 3.5C, which is the charging c-rate corresponding to 15%, which is the minimum SOC among the determined multiple charging limit SOCs, as the target c-rate.

[0106] Furthermore, if there is a charging limit SOC that is lower than the upper limit of the target SOC section, the control unit (130) can determine the charging limit SOC that is lower than the upper limit of the target SOC section, and can also determine the charging c-rate corresponding to the determined charging limit SOC as the target c-rate. That is, if there is a charging limit SOC that is lower than the upper limit of the target SOC section, the target c-rate can be determined in multiple ways.

[0107] For example, in the embodiment of FIG. 2, when the target SOC range is determined as SOC 0 to 20%, the control unit (130) can individually compare the upper limit of the target SOC range, SOC 20%, with multiple charging limit SOCs included in the charging protocol. The charging limit SOC exceeding 20% ​​can be determined as 25%, 55%, 80%, and 100%. The control unit (130) can determine 2.5C, which is the charging c-rate corresponding to the minimum SOC of 25% among the determined multiple charging limit SOCs, as the target c-rate. In addition, since there is also a charging limit SOC (15%) lower than SOC 20%, the control unit (130) can also determine 3.5C, which is the charging c-rate corresponding to the charging limit SOC 15%, as the target c-rate. That is, the control unit (130) can determine 2.5C and 3.5C among the charging c-rates of the charging protocol as the target c-rate.

[0108] As another example, the control unit (130) may determine the target c-rate based on the result of individually comparing the lower limit of the target SOC section with the charge limit SOC of the charging protocol. Specifically, the control unit (130) may determine a charge limit SOC that is equal to or greater than the lower limit of the target SOC section, and determine a charge c-rate corresponding to the determined charge limit SOC as the target c-rate. If there are multiple determined charge limit SOCs, the charge c-rate corresponding to the charge limit SOC with the smallest SOC may be determined as the target c-rate.

[0109] As another example, the control unit (130) may determine the target c-rate based on the results of individually comparing the upper and lower limits of the target SOC section with the charge limit SOC of the charging protocol. As in the previous embodiment, the control unit (130) may determine the charge c-rate corresponding to the charge limit SOC equal to or higher than the lower limit of the target SOC section and the charge c-rate corresponding to the charge limit SOC equal to or lower than the upper limit of the target SOC section as the target c-rate.

[0110] If multiple target c-rates corresponding to the target SOC section are determined, the control unit (130) can be configured to change all of the multiple target c-rates.

[0111] Preferably, the control unit (130) may be configured to reduce the target c-rate. That is, the control unit (130) may reduce the target c-rate for the target SOC section.

[0112] In one embodiment, the control unit (130) may reduce the target c-rate to any one of the charging c-rates included in the charging protocol. Preferably, the control unit (130) may reduce the target c-rate to the lowest charging c-rate among the charging c-rates included in the charging protocol.

[0113] In the embodiment of FIG. 2, it is assumed that the target SOC section is SOC 0 to 10%. Since the lowest charge c-rate among the charge c-rates included in the charging protocol is 0.33C, the control unit (130) can reduce the target c-rate corresponding to the target SOC section to 0.33C. That is, the c-rate corresponding to the section of SOC 0 to 10% (0% or more and 10% or less) is 0.33C, and the c-rate corresponding to the section of SOC 10 to 15% (10% or more and 15% or less) is 3.5C. In another embodiment, the control unit (130) can reduce the target c-rate to a preset reference c-rate. Here, the reference c-rate is a c-rate that is experimentally or theoretically set so that lithium plating does not occur. Preferably, the reference c-rate can be set to a value smaller than the charge c-rate corresponding to the target SOC section.

[0114] For example, the reference c-rate may be set to 0.5C or less. Preferably, the reference c-rate may be set to 0.33C or less.

[0115] As another example, the reference c-rate may be set to correspond to the state of charge (SOC) of the battery. Specifically, the reference c-rate may be preset to a maximum c-rate that does not cause lithium plating during the charging process in the target SOC range.

[0116]

[0117] Charging a battery at a high c-rate can cause a rapid increase in battery overvoltage. This rapid increase in battery overvoltage causes the battery voltage to reach the upper charge limit earlier than in a case without overvoltage. Furthermore, this earlier arrival of the upper charge limit reduces the battery's capacity retention rate. In other words, repeated high-speed charging can accelerate battery degradation.

[0118] When charging batteries at the same c-rate, the magnitude of the overvoltage occurring in a relatively high SOC region tends to be greater than that occurring in a relatively low SOC region. Furthermore, when charging batteries using the same c-rate, the risk of lithium plating, a phenomenon in which lithium metal is deposited on the cathode, tends to be higher in a relatively high SOC region.

[0119] And, whether this lithium plating phenomenon occurs can be judged by whether the resistance of the battery changes rapidly.

[0120] Figure 6 is an exemplary diagram illustrating a state in which lithium metal precipitates are formed on the negative electrode of a battery. Referring to Figure 6, the relationship between the lithium plating phenomenon and the resistance of the battery will be described.

[0121] Specifically, the charging of a battery is achieved through a lithium intercalation reaction, in which lithium ions are inserted from the positive electrode to the negative electrode. This intercalation reaction consumes electrons. However, when lithium plating occurs, in which lithium metal is deposited on the negative electrode, the lithium intercalation reaction and the lithium plating reaction compete with each other to consume electrons. In other words, when lithium metal precipitates form on the negative electrode, the electron transfer path can be expanded compared to when lithium metal precipitates are not formed. Consequently, the charge transfer resistance can decrease dramatically. More specifically, the interfacial resistance, which is the total resistance due to the Solid Electrolyte Interphase (SEI), charge transfer, and double layer, is significantly affected by charge accumulation on the positive and negative electrode surfaces of the battery cell. The resistance due to lithium metal precipitates formed on the negative electrode surface is synthesized in parallel with the interfacial resistance, so that as lithium metal precipitates increase, the interfacial resistance can decrease. Therefore, in creating a fast charging protocol, a method may be adopted in which a high charging c-rate is used at the start of charging and the charging c-rate is gradually lowered as the SOC of the battery increases.

[0122] However, for some batteries, charging at a high c-rate can lead to a rapid increase in resistance in the low SOC range and structural collapse of the cathode. Furthermore, because metals from the cathode active material can be detected on the cathode surface, charging at a high c-rate may not be desirable for battery capacity retention even in low SOC ranges.

[0123] For example, in the case of manganese-rich batteries, it was found that when charging using a high c-rate, the resistance increased sharply in the low SOC range, and the amount of manganese detected on the cathode surface increased. This was because the cathode structure of the manganese-rich battery collapsed during the high c-rate charging process, and the extracted manganese was detected on the cathode surface.

[0124] That is, since the charging protocol generation device (100) can correct the charging protocol in a manner that reduces the c-rate corresponding to the target SOC section, it has the advantage of being able to generate a charging protocol that can further increase the lifespan and safety of the battery.

[0125]

[0126] Meanwhile, the control unit (130) provided in the charging protocol generation device (100) may optionally include a processor, an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), another chipset, a logic circuit, a register, a communication modem, a data processing device, etc. known in the art to execute various control logics performed in the present invention. In addition, when the control logic is implemented in software, the control unit (130) may be implemented as a set of program modules. At this time, the program modules may be stored in a memory and executed by the control unit (130). The memory may be located inside or outside the control unit (130) and may be connected to the control unit (130) by various well-known means.

[0127] In addition, the charging protocol generation device (100) may further include a storage unit (140). The storage unit (140) may store data or programs required for each component of the charging protocol generation device (100) to perform operations and functions, or data generated in the process of performing operations and functions. The storage unit (140) is not particularly limited in type as long as it is a known information storage means known to be capable of recording, erasing, updating, and reading data. As an example, the information storage means may include RAM, flash memory, ROM, EEPROM, registers, etc. In addition, the storage unit (140) may store program codes defining processes executable by the control unit (130).

[0128] Specifically, the storage unit (140) can store information necessary for the control unit (130) to diagnose the status of the battery. For example, the storage unit (140) can store reference profiles, reference profiles, etc. In addition, the control unit (130) can access the storage unit (140) to obtain information necessary for diagnosing the status of the battery. For example, the charging protocol obtained by the protocol acquisition unit (110) is stored in the storage unit (140), and the control unit (130) can access the storage unit (140) to obtain the stored charging protocol. The resistance profile obtained by the profile acquisition unit (120) is stored in the storage unit (140), and the control unit (130) can access the storage unit (140) to obtain the stored resistance profile.

[0129]

[0130] Hereinafter, a specific embodiment of determining a target SOC range based on a peak of a resistance profile according to one embodiment of the present invention will be described.

[0131] For example, the control unit (130) may be configured to detect one or more peaks in the resistance profile and determine a target SOC range based on the detected peaks.

[0132] Specifically, the resistance profile may include one or more peaks. Here, the peak refers to a point that exhibits an upward convex shape among points where the instantaneous rate of change of resistance for SOC is 0. In other words, the peak refers to a maximum point of the resistance profile. Based on the peak, the instantaneous rate of change of resistance for SOC on the side of the low SOC area is positive, and the instantaneous rate of change of resistance for SOC on the side of the high SOC area is negative. The control unit (130) may detect one or more peaks included in the resistance profile.

[0133] Specifically, the control unit (130) may be configured to determine a target peak having the smallest corresponding SOC among one or more peaks.

[0134] In the embodiment of FIG. 3, the control unit (130) can detect two peaks (Peak1, Peak2) included in the resistance profile. Then, the control unit (130) can determine the peak with the smallest corresponding SOC among the two peaks (Peak1, Peak2) and determine the determined peak as the target peak. Specifically, since the SOC corresponding to the peak (Peak1) is approximately 10% and the SOC corresponding to the peak (Peak2) is approximately 35%, the control unit (130) can determine the peak (Peak1) with the smaller corresponding SOC as the target peak (TP).

[0135] The control unit (130) may be configured to determine a SOC section including the target SOC of the target peak as the target SOC section.

[0136] Specifically, the upper and lower limits of the target SOC range can be determined by considering the target SOC. For example, the control unit (130) can determine the upper limit of the target SOC range to be a value greater than or equal to the target SOC. In addition, the control unit (130) can determine the lower limit of the target SOC range to be a value less than or equal to the target SOC.

[0137] The control unit (130) can be configured to determine a SOC section within a predetermined range from the target SOC as the target SOC section.

[0138] For example, the control unit (130) may determine an SOC section within a predetermined range in a negative direction from the target SOC as the target SOC section. That is, the control unit (130) may determine the upper limit of the target SOC section as the target SOC. Preferably, the lower limit of the target SOC section may be determined as the allowable minimum SOC (e.g., 0%) or the lower limit of the SOC range in which charging occurs.

[0139] In the embodiment of FIG. 3, the control unit (130) can determine an SOC section with SOC 0% as the lower limit and target SOC (TP, approximately 10%) as the upper limit as the target SOC section.

[0140] As another example, the control unit (130) may determine a SOC range within a predetermined range in the positive and negative directions from the target SOC as the target SOC range. Preferably, the lower limit of the target SOC range may be determined as the allowable minimum SOC (e.g., 0%) or the lower limit of the SOC range in which charging occurs.

[0141] In the embodiment of FIG. 3, the control unit (130) can set SOC 0% as the lower limit and determine an SOC section within a range of 10% in the positive direction from the target SOC (approximately 10%) as the target SOC section.

[0142] Meanwhile, if only the SOC section within a predetermined range in the positive direction from the target SOC is determined as the target SOC section, the charge c-rate will not change for SOC sections lower than the target SOC. In this case, only the charge c-rate of the middle SOC section is changed in the charging protocol, and there is a problem that the structure of the positive electrode may collapse in the low SOC section where the charge c-rate is not changed, which is not desirable.

[0143] That is, the charging protocol generation device (100) can set a target SOC range in which the charging c-rate must be reduced by considering the resistance of the battery in order to prevent lithium plating from occurring during the charging process. Accordingly, according to the charging protocol generated by the charging protocol generation device (100), unnecessary precipitation of lithium metal during the charging process of the battery can be prevented, and collapse of the cathode structure can be prevented.

[0144]

[0145] FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating a plurality of resistance profiles (P_R1, P_R2, P_R3, P_R4, P_R5) according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0146] In the embodiment of Fig. 7, the horizontal axis (X-axis) represents SOC, and the vertical axis (Y-axis) represents resistance.

[0147] Referring to FIG. 7, the first resistance profile (P_R1) is a resistance profile corresponding to a charge c-rate of 3.5C. The second resistance profile (P_R2) is a resistance profile corresponding to a charge c-rate of 2.5C. The third resistance profile (P_R3) is a resistance profile corresponding to a charge c-rate of 1C. The fourth resistance profile (P_R4) is a resistance profile corresponding to a charge c-rate of 0.5C. The fifth resistance profile (P_R5) is a resistance profile corresponding to a charge c-rate of 0.33C.

[0148] When there are multiple resistance profiles, the control unit (130) can determine the target SOC section based on any one of the multiple resistance profiles (P_R1, P_R2, P_R3, P_R4, P_R5).

[0149] For example, the control unit (130) may be configured to determine the target SOC section from the resistance profile having the largest corresponding charge c-rate among a plurality of resistance profiles (P_R1, P_R2, P_R3, P_R4, P_R5).

[0150] Referring to Fig. 7, among the plurality of resistance profiles (P_R1, P_R2, P_R3, P_R4, P_R5), the resistance profile having the largest corresponding charge c-rate is the first resistance profile (P_R1). The control unit (130) may be configured to determine the target SOC section in the first resistance profile (P_R1).

[0151] In Fig. 7, as the corresponding charge c-rate increases, the target SOC of the target peak included in the resistance profile tends to decrease. Therefore, if the control unit (130) determines the target SOC section using the resistance profile with the largest corresponding charge c-rate, the narrowest target SOC section among the target SOC sections that can be determined based on the plurality of resistance profiles (P_R1, P_R2, P_R3, P_R4, P_R5) can be determined. That is, since the target peak with the smallest corresponding SOC is determined among the plurality of target peaks that can be selected, and the target SOC section is determined based on the determined target peak, the target SOC section in which the charge c-rate changes can be minimized. In addition, since the target SOC section in which the charge c-rate decreases is determined to be the minimum, the battery can be charged more quickly according to the generated charging protocol than a charging protocol based on another resistance profile.

[0152] That is, the charging protocol generation device (100) can generate a charging protocol that prevents battery degradation and enables rapid charging by changing the c-rate for the minimum target SOC range by considering multiple resistance profiles.

[0153]

[0154] Below, a specific embodiment is described in which a charging protocol is established based on a reference profile. That is, a specific embodiment is described in which a charging limit SOC corresponding to a charging c-rate is determined based on a reference profile.

[0155] Figures 8 to 10 are drawings showing reference profiles (800, 900, 1000) obtained during a charging process under different charging conditions.

[0156] Figure 8 is a diagram illustrating an example of a first reference profile (800) obtained by performing a charging process on a battery under first charging conditions where the charging c-rate is 0.5 C and the battery temperature (e.g., the temperature measured at the start of the charging process) is 25° C. ΔSOC int1 is the SOC range of interest associated with the first charging condition (e.g., 88-97%).

[0157] Fig. 9 is a diagram illustrating an example of a second reference profile (900) obtained by performing a charging process on a battery under the second charging condition where the charging c-rate is 2C and the battery temperature is 25°C. ΔSOC int2 is the SOC range of interest associated with the second charging progress condition (e.g., 68-77%).

[0158] Figure 10 is a diagram illustrating an example of a third reference profile (1000) obtained by performing a charging process on a battery under third charging conditions where the charging c-rate is 2C and the battery temperature is 10°C. ΔSOC int3 is the SOC range of interest associated with the third charging progress condition (e.g., 63-72%).

[0159] Here, the SOC range of interest can be preset to correspond to each charging condition. Since the SOC range of interest is used to determine the charging limit SOC corresponding to the charging c-rate, it can be preset to a high SOC range.

[0160] The charging protocol can be configured to set a corresponding charging limit SOC for each charging c-rate based on the change in resistance as the SOC of the reference profile increases.

[0161] Referring to Figure 8, the SOC range of interest (ΔSOC int1 ) the resistance only shows an increasing pattern as the SOC increases. That is, in the SOC range of interest (ΔSOC int1 ) the first derivative of the first reference profile (800) is positive. In this way, when a continuous increase in resistance is confirmed as the SOC increases, the control unit (130) determines the end point (P) of the first reference profile (800) A ) at the charging limit SOC (Z A ) can be determined. That is, the charging limit SOC (Z A ) is the SOC range of interest (ΔSOC int1 ) may be equal to the upper limit SOC.

[0162] Referring to Figure 9, the SOC range of interest (ΔSOC int2 ) shows a pattern of increasing and then decreasing as the SOC increases. In this way, when the increasing and decreasing sections of the resistance are adjacent, the control unit (130) controls the SOC range of interest (ΔSOC) of the second reference profile (900) int2 ) contains the maximum point (P B ) at the charging limit SOC (Z B ) can be determined. Specifically, the control unit (130) can obtain a first differentiation profile by first differentiating the second reference profile (900) with respect to SOC. The control unit (130) determines the SOC at the point where the differential resistance value (dR / dSOC) in the first differentiation profile switches from positive to negative as the SOC increases, as the charging limit SOC (Z B ) can be determined. That is, the charging limit SOC (Z B ) is the SOC range of interest (ΔSOC int2 ) contains the maximum point (PB ) may be identical to the corresponding SOC.

[0163] Referring to Figure 10, the SOC range of interest (ΔSOC int3 ) shows a pattern of only decreasing resistance as SOC increases. In this way, when a continuous decreasing pattern of resistance is confirmed as SOC increases, the control unit (130) determines the inflection point (P) of the third reference profile (1000). C ) at the charging limit SOC (Z C ) can be determined. Specifically, the control unit (130) can obtain a second differentiation profile by second differentiating the third reference profile (1000) with respect to SOC. The control unit (130) can obtain a second differentiation resistance value (d) from the second differentiation profile. 2 R / dSOC 2 ) is the point where the SOC changes from positive to negative as the SOC increases, and is called the charge limit SOC (Z C ) can be determined. That is, the charging limit SOC (Z C ) is the SOC range of interest (ΔSOC int3 ) included in the inflection point (P C ) may be identical to the corresponding SOC.

[0164] The charging limit SOC (Z) shown in Figs. 8 to 10 A , Z B , Z C ) refers to the maximum SOC at which lithium metal may not be deposited on the negative electrode surface when the battery is charged at the corresponding charging c-rate. In other words, when the battery is charged at the corresponding charging c-rate, lithium plating may occur in the SOC range higher than the charging limit SOC. Therefore, the charging limit SOC for each of the multiple c-rates can be determined, and a charging protocol in which the corresponding c-rate and the charging limit SOC are mapped can be established.

[0165]

[0166] Below, a specific embodiment of determining a second reference time based on EIS data is described.

[0167] Figure 11 is a diagram showing an example of a complex impedance curve of a battery.

[0168] EIS data can be acquired by repeatedly measuring the complex impedance of a battery by applying an AC signal to the battery. Specifically, Figure 11 may be a Nyquist plot showing changes in the battery's impedance as a function of the frequency of the AC signal. Furthermore, the process of acquiring the battery's complex impedance curve is performed once before the charging process begins, and the AC signal is applied to the battery for only a short period of time, causing little damage to the battery.

[0169] R S represents the ohmic resistance of the battery cell and is hardly affected by the presence or absence of lithium deposition. R p represents the charge transfer resistance of the battery. R A represents the internal resistance of the battery, R A = R S + R p am.

[0170] A reference frequency can be determined based on a complex impedance curve. And, a second reference time can be determined based on the reference frequency.

[0171] Specifically, the complex impedance curve can be divided into a convex section and a sloped section. Here, the convex section may be a section related to the current flow resistance. The sloped section is a straight section extending to the right of the convex section, and is the diffusion resistance (R) of the battery. dif ) may be an interval associated with the convex and inclined sections. The boundary point (R) of these convex and inclined sections A) can be determined as the reference frequency.

[0172] Boundary point (R A ) is related to the charge transfer resistance, so the boundary point (R A ) is determined as the reference frequency, the idle mode can be maintained for an appropriate time required to observe the voltage change due to the internal resistance of the battery. Therefore, it is possible to prevent a decrease in the accuracy of the internal resistance estimation due to the second reference time being set too short or too long.

[0173] The second reference time can be determined based on the reference frequency. Specifically, the second reference time and the reference frequency may have a predetermined negative correspondence. For example, using Equation 2, the second reference time can be determined based on the reference frequency.

[0174] <Formula 2>

[0175]

[0176] Here, f i-d represents the reference frequency, w represents a predetermined margin constant (preferably a constant greater than or equal to 1), and Δt R represents the second reference time.

[0177] That is, the second reference time is the reference frequency (f i-d ) can be set to be equal to or greater than the value obtained by multiplying the margin constant (w).

[0178]

[0179] The charging protocol generation device (100) according to the present invention can be applied to a BMS (Battery Management System). That is, the BMS according to the present invention can include the charging protocol generation device (100) described above. In this configuration, at least some of the components of the charging protocol generation device (100) can be implemented by supplementing or adding functions of the components included in a conventional BMS. For example, the protocol acquisition unit (110), the profile acquisition unit (120), and the control unit (130) of the charging protocol generation device (100) can be implemented as components of the BMS.

[0180]

[0181] A server according to another embodiment of the present invention may include a charging protocol generation device (100).

[0182] The server may be connected to one or more BMSs to enable wired and / or wireless communication. Furthermore, the server may be connected to devices capable of controlling battery charging, such as charging stations, in addition to the BMS. Furthermore, the server may be connected to one or more user terminals. Furthermore, the server may be connected to a battery manufacturing system that manufactures batteries and sets initial data for the batteries.

[0183] The server can receive charging protocols for the battery from an external source. For example, the server can receive charging protocols from a BMS, a battery manufacturing system, or a user terminal connected to the battery.

[0184] Additionally, the server can receive a reference profile from an external source and directly generate a resistance profile based on the received reference profile and a preset reference profile. As another example, the server can also receive a resistance profile from an external source.

[0185] The server can calibrate the charging protocol by changing the charging c-rate based on the generated resistance profile. The server can then transmit the calibrated charging protocol to a device capable of controlling battery charging, such as a battery management system (BMS), to ensure effective rapid charging of the battery.

[0186]

[0187] A battery management device according to another embodiment of the present invention may be configured to receive a corrected charging protocol from a charging protocol generation device (100) and control charging of a battery to be charged based on the corrected charging protocol.

[0188] For example, the battery management device may be connected to the charging protocol generation device (100) via wires and / or wirelessly, and may receive a corrected charging protocol from the charging protocol generation device (100).

[0189] As another example, the battery management device may include a charging protocol generation device (100).

[0190] The battery management device can determine whether the SOC of the battery to be charged is within a target SOC range. Specifically, the battery management device can determine whether the SOC of the battery to be charged is less than or equal to the upper limit of the target SOC range and greater than or equal to the lower limit. If the SOC of the battery to be charged is within the target SOC range, the battery management device can control the battery to be charged at a charging c-rate corresponding to the target SOC range. Conversely, if the SOC of the battery to be charged is not within the target SOC range, the battery management device can compare the charging limit SOC of the calibrated charging protocol with the SOC of the battery to be charged, and determine the charging c-rate based on the comparison result. The battery management device can determine a charging limit SOC that is greater than or equal to the SOC of the battery to be charged. In addition, the battery management device can control the battery to be charged at a charging c-rate corresponding to the determined charging limit SOC. When there are multiple charge limit SOCs that are higher than the SOC of the battery to be charged, the battery management device can control the battery to be charged at the maximum charge c-rate among the charge c-rates corresponding to each of the multiple charge limit SOCs.

[0191] Additionally, a battery management device may be included in the battery pack. That is, a battery pack according to the present invention may include the aforementioned battery management device and one or more battery cells. Furthermore, the battery pack may further include electrical components (such as relays, fuses, etc.) and a case.

[0192] FIG. 12 is a drawing showing an exemplary configuration of a battery pack (1) including a battery management device (10) according to another embodiment of the present invention.

[0193] The positive terminal of the battery (11) can be connected to the positive terminal (P+) of the battery pack (1), and the negative terminal of the battery (11) can be connected to the negative terminal (P-) of the battery pack (1).

[0194] The measuring unit (12) can be connected to a first sensing line (SL1), a second sensing line (SL2), and a third sensing line (SL3). Specifically, the measuring unit (12) can be connected to a positive terminal of the battery (11) through the first sensing line (SL1), and can be connected to a negative terminal of the battery (11) through the second sensing line (SL2). The measuring unit (12) can measure the voltage of the battery (11) based on the voltage measured at each of the first sensing line (SL1) and the second sensing line (SL2).

[0195] And, the measuring unit (12) can be connected to the current measuring unit (A) through the third sensing line (SL3). For example, the current measuring unit (A) can be an ammeter or a shunt resistor capable of measuring the charging current and discharging current of the battery (11). The measuring unit (12) can measure the charging current of the battery (11) through the third sensing line (SL3) to calculate the charging amount. In addition, the measuring unit (12) can measure the discharging current of the battery (11) through the third sensing line (SL3) to calculate the discharging amount.

[0196] The charging / discharging unit (not shown) can have one end connected to the positive terminal (P+) of the battery pack (1) and the other end connected to the negative terminal (P-) of the battery pack (1). Accordingly, the positive terminal of the battery (11), the positive terminal (P+) of the battery pack (1), the charging / discharging unit, the negative terminal (P-) of the battery pack (1), and the negative terminal of the battery (11) can be electrically connected.

[0197] For example, the charging / discharging unit may be a charging device or a motor of an electric vehicle that receives power from a battery (11).

[0198] Additionally, the battery management device (10) may be provided in a charging device. For example, the charging device according to the present invention includes the battery management device (10) described above, and the charging device may be connected to a battery pack.

[0199] Meanwhile, in FIG. 12, the charging protocol generation device (100) is illustrated as being included in the battery management device (10), but the charging protocol generation device (100) exists outside the battery management device (10) and can be connected to the battery management device (10) by wire and / or wirelessly.

[0200]

[0201] FIG. 13 is a drawing showing an exemplary configuration of a charging device (2) including a battery management device (10) according to another embodiment of the present invention.

[0202] One end of the charging device (2) may be connected to the positive terminal (P+) of the battery pack (1), and the other end of the charging device (2) may be connected to the negative terminal (P-) of the battery pack (1). The battery management device (10) of the charging device (2) may be configured to control charging of the battery pack (1) using a charging protocol generated by a charging protocol generating device (100).

[0203] Meanwhile, in FIG. 13, the charging protocol generation device (100) is illustrated as being included in the battery management device (10), but the charging protocol generation device (100) may be located outside the charging device (2) and / or the battery management device (10), and may be connected to the battery management device (10) by wire and / or wirelessly. For example, the charging protocol generation device (100) may be located outside the charging device (2), and may be connected to the battery management device (10) by wire and / or wirelessly. The battery management device (10) may receive a charging protocol from the charging protocol generation device (100), and control charging of the battery pack (1) based on the received charging protocol.

[0204]

[0205] FIG. 14 is a diagram schematically illustrating a charging protocol generation method according to another embodiment of the present invention.

[0206] Referring to FIG. 14, the charging protocol generation method may include a protocol acquisition step (S100), a profile acquisition step (S200), and a protocol correction step (S300).

[0207] Preferably, each step of the charging protocol generation method can be performed by the charging protocol generation device (100). In the following, for convenience of explanation, any content that overlaps with the previously described content will be omitted or briefly described.

[0208] The protocol acquisition step (S100) is a step of acquiring a charging protocol indicating a correspondence between the SOC of the battery and the charging c-rate, and can be performed by the protocol acquisition unit (110).

[0209] The profile acquisition step (S200) is a step of acquiring a resistance profile based on a reference profile representing the correspondence between the SOC and resistance of the battery during the charging process according to the charging c-rate and a reference profile corresponding to a preset reference c-rate, and can be performed by a profile acquisition unit (120).

[0210] The resistance profile can be configured to represent the difference between the SOC-specific resistance of the reference profile and the SOC-specific resistance of the reference profile.

[0211] Specifically, an arbitrary SOC may be selected, a resistance corresponding to the selected SOC may be determined from a reference profile, and a resistance corresponding to the selected SOC may be determined from a reference profile. Then, a resistance difference between the resistance of the determined reference profile and the resistance of the reference profile may be calculated. This process may be repeated for a common range between the SOC range of the reference profile and the SOC range of the reference profile, thereby obtaining a resistance profile.

[0212] The protocol correction step (S300) is a step of correcting the charging protocol by changing the charging c-rate of the charging protocol based on the resistance profile, and can be performed by the control unit (130).

[0213] The control unit (130) may be configured to determine a target SOC range from a resistance profile. Specifically, the control unit (130) may determine the target SOC range by considering the magnitude of the resistance and / or the change in the magnitude of the resistance of the resistance profile.

[0214] The control unit (130) may be configured to change the target c-rate corresponding to the target SOC range in the charging protocol. Specifically, the control unit (130) may compare the target SOC range with the charging limit SOC of the charging protocol and determine the target c-rate based on the comparison result. In addition, the control unit (130) may be configured to reduce the target c-rate.

[0215] For example, the control unit (130) may reduce the target c-rate to any one of the charging c-rates included in the charging protocol. Preferably, the control unit (130) may reduce the target c-rate to the lowest charging c-rate among the charging c-rates included in the charging protocol.

[0216]

[0217] The embodiments of the present invention described above are not implemented only through devices and methods, but may also be implemented through a program that realizes a function corresponding to the configuration of the embodiments of the present invention or a recording medium on which the program is recorded, and such implementation can be easily implemented by an expert in the technical field to which the present invention belongs based on the description of the embodiments described above.

[0218] Although the present invention has been described above with reference to limited embodiments and drawings, the present invention is not limited thereto, and it is obvious that various modifications and variations are possible within the scope of the technical idea of ​​the present invention and the equivalent scope of the patent claims to be described below by a person having ordinary skill in the art to which the present invention pertains.

[0219] In addition, the present invention described above is not limited to the above-described embodiments and the attached drawings, and all or part of each embodiment may be selectively combined and configured so that various modifications can be made, as those skilled in the art can make various substitutions, modifications, and changes within the scope of the technical idea of ​​the present invention.

[0220]

[0221] [Explanation of symbols]

[0222] 1: Battery pack

[0223] 2: Charging device

[0224] 10: Battery management device

[0225] 11: Battery

[0226] 12: Measurement section

[0227] 100: Charging Protocol Generator

[0228] 110: Protocol Acquisition Unit

[0229] 120: Profile Acquisition Section

[0230] 130: Control unit

[0231] 140: Storage

Claims

1. A protocol acquisition unit configured to acquire a charging protocol indicating a correspondence between a charging c-rate and a charging limit SOC of a battery; A profile acquisition unit configured to acquire a reference profile representing the correspondence between the SOC and resistance of the battery during the charging process according to the charging c-rate and a resistance profile based on a reference profile corresponding to a preset reference c-rate; and A charging protocol generation device comprising a control unit configured to correct the charging protocol by changing the charging c-rate of the charging protocol based on the resistance profile.

2. In paragraph 1, The above control unit, A charging protocol generation device characterized in that it is configured to determine a target SOC section from the resistance profile and change a target c-rate corresponding to the target SOC section in the charging protocol.

3. In paragraph 2, The above control unit, A charging protocol generation device characterized in that it is configured to reduce the above target c-rate.

4. In paragraph 2, The above control unit, A charging protocol generation device configured to detect one or more peaks in the resistance profile and determine the target SOC range based on the detected peaks.

5. In paragraph 4, The above control unit, A charging protocol generation device characterized in that it is configured to determine a target peak having the smallest corresponding SOC among the one or more peaks, and to determine an SOC section including the target SOC of the target peak as the target SOC section.

6. In paragraph 5, The above control unit, A charging protocol generation device configured to determine a SOC section within a predetermined range from the target SOC as the target SOC section.

7. In paragraph 4, The above control unit, A charging protocol generation device characterized in that, when the charging c-rate is plural, the target SOC section is determined based on any one of a plurality of resistance profiles corresponding to the plurality of charging c-rates.

8. In paragraph 7, The above control unit, A charging protocol generation device characterized in that it is configured to determine the target SOC section from the resistance profile having the largest corresponding charging c-rate among the plurality of resistance profiles.

9. In paragraph 1, The above charging process is, It is configured so that the charging mode and the rest mode are alternately repeated, The above reference profile is, A charging protocol generation device characterized in that it is configured to indicate a correspondence between a resistance calculated based on a voltage change amount during each idle mode and an SOC corresponding to each idle mode.

10. In paragraph 9, The above charging protocol is, A charging protocol generation device characterized in that a charging limit SOC corresponding to each charging c-rate is set based on a change pattern of the resistance according to an increase in the SOC of the above reference profile.

11. In paragraph 1, The above resistance profile is, A charging protocol generation device characterized in that it is configured to indicate the difference between the resistance per SOC of the above reference profile and the resistance per SOC of the above reference profile.

12. A server characterized by including a charging protocol generation device according to any one of claims 1 to 11.

13. A battery management device configured to receive a corrected charging protocol from a charging protocol generating device according to any one of claims 1 to 11, and control charging of a battery to be charged based on the corrected charging protocol.

14. Protocol acquisition step for acquiring a charging protocol indicating the correspondence between the SOC of the battery and the charging c-rate; A profile acquisition step for acquiring a reference profile representing the correspondence between the SOC and resistance of the battery during the charging process according to the charging c-rate and a resistance profile based on a reference profile corresponding to a preset reference c-rate; and A charging protocol generation method comprising a protocol correction step of correcting the charging protocol by changing the charging c-rate of the charging protocol based on the resistance profile.

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