New design for tractors and trailers

Abstract

The invention relates to a tractor (1CX) and a trailer (1D) designed for the transportation of large quantities of excavation material, rock, sand, gravel, and overburden in off-road areas such as airport construction sites, highway construction sites, dam construction sites, viaduct construction sites, and mining areas. A major issue encountered in tractors (1CX) and in vehicles with more than two axles is that one or two axles are often suspended due to uneven terrain and off-road conditions. In the four-axle tractor (1CX) we have designed, this problem has been completely eliminated.

Description

[0001] New Design For Tractors And Trailers

[0002] The technical field of the invention; The invention relates to a tractor and trailer designed for transporting large quantities of excavation material, rock, sand, gravel, and overburden in off-road construction sites such as airport construction, highway construction, dam construction, viaduct construction, and mining sites. Background of the Invention; As known, international road transportation is regulated by road traffic laws and regulations. According to these regulations, vehicles traveling on roads must comply with limitations such as a total length of 16.50 meters, a width of 2.55 meters, and a gross weight of 40,000 kg for 5- axle vehicles and 44,000 kg for 6-axle vehicles. Vehicles are designed within these constraints. However, such limitations do not apply in off-road work areas, and it is possible to transport heavier loads without accessing public roads. Our study addresses this field. Summary of Invention; The tractor and trailer subject to the invention aim to perform transportation at more than twice the designated weight limits set for road usage, thus offering more than 100% time and cost savings in the sector.

[0003] Brief Description of the Drawings; Figure-1 TRAILER AND TRACTOR on a straight path

[0004] Figure-2 Position of TRAILER AND TRACTOR in straight form

[0005] Figure-3 TRAILER AND TRACTOR turning right / left

[0006] Figure-4 TRAILER AND TRACTOR working on rough terrain

[0007] Figure-5 Rear view of TRAILER AND TRACTOR on flat road and while turning or ascending / descending

[0008] Part Names in the Figures; ID -TRAILER; Al, A2, A3, A4, A5 - Axle spacing increase during right turns

[0009] Bl, B2, B3, B4, B5 - Expansion of outer arc gaps during right turns

[0010] 1,2, 3, 4, 5, 6 - Axle numbers

[0011] DI, D2, D3, D4, D5 - Contraction of inner arc gaps during right turns Cl, C2, C3, C4, C5 - Axle spacing decrease during right turns X- Distance between axle axis and turntable axis T- Turntables (5 tables excluding the rear axle) M - Lower frame chassis connected to axles via bellows K - Main carrier chassis

[0012] R - Locking mechanism

[0013] P - Counterweight ball bearings balancing the load on the turntable

[0014] S - Middle carrier articulated chassis

[0015] Y - Distance that varies as the dual articulated axles move up and down Zl, 72, Z3 - Joints connecting middle axles to main chassis (two per axle) 1CX - TRACTOR;

[0016] 1,2, 3, 4 - Axles

[0017] E,F,G,H - Equal axle spacings during straight drive of the tractor (1CX)

[0018] V - Contraction distance between axles 2 and 3 during right turn

[0019] J - Expansion distance between axles 2 and 3 during right turn T -Turntable

[0020] K - Large main chassis

[0021] N - Pin

[0022] L- Pin

[0023] Z- Large main universal joint (Z=L+N)

[0024] S - Middle articulated chassis

[0025] M - Lower frame chassis where the bottom axle is mounted

[0026] R - Locking mechanism

[0027] Y - Vertical / horizontal movement distance of middle chassis

[0028] P - Counterforce ball bearings balancing the load on the turntable

[0029] X - Distance between axle axis and turntable axis

[0030] Description of the Invention; The invention relates to a tractor (1CX) and a trailer (ID) designed for the transportation of large quantities of excavation material, rock, sand, gravel, and overburden in off-road areas such as airport construction sites, highway construction sites, dam construction sites, viaduct construction sites, and mining areas. A major issue encountered in tractors (1CX) and in vehicles with more than two axles is that one or two axles are often suspended due to uneven terrain and off-road conditions. In the four-axle tractor (1CX) we have designed, this problem has been completely eliminated. The same reasons and justifications are also valid for trailers (ID). The six-axle trailer (ID) we have designed provides full safety during heavy load transportation in highly challenging terrains. Transporting more than twice the conventionally permitted weight has become an essential requirement, and our model meets this requirement. This heavy-duty transportation configuration requires the tractor (1CX) and the trailer (ID) to operate in an integrated manner. The trailer (ID) includes a total of 6 axles and 12 wheels, while the tractor (1CX) includes 4 axles and 14 wheels. Our six-axle trailer (ID) design is fully integrated with the four-axle tractor (1CX), forming a complete system. TRACTOR (1CX) The tractor (1CX) comprises four axles and fourteen wheels. The first axle (1) is fixed and directly connected to the driveshaft coming from the engine. The subsequent two axles (2) and (3) are not fixed. These axles are connected via individual turntables (T) to two separate lower subframes (S) and (M) located beneath the main chassis (K) of the tractor (1CX). The axles are mounted such that a specific distance is maintained between the axle axis and the turntable axis. The axle axis (X) is positioned behind the turntable axis. When the steering of the tractor (1CX) is turned to the right, axles (2) and (3), located behind the fixed axle (1), pivot in the opposite direction via the turntables. This mechanism eliminates the phenomenon of tire scrub, known as tire scuffing. The same mechanism operates similarly when turning in the opposite direction. When the vehicle moves straight, the axle distances are equal (E = F = G = H). When the direction is altered to either right or left, the axle distances on the inner side of the turn decrease while those on the outer side increase. As a result, the inner turning radius narrows while the outer turning radius expands. This not only prevents tire wear but also enhances the maneuverability of the tractor (1CX). Furthermore, axles (2) and (3) are jointly connected to the main chassis (K) via a universal joint. This chassis is linked centrally by a vertical joint (L) and a horizontal joint (N), forming a large universal cross joint. Through this large universal joint, both axles are simultaneously connected to the main chassis (K). Axle frames Ml and M2 are connected to the main chassis (K) by means of articulated (universal) joints via the turntables. The joint (L) is vertically positioned, while joint (N) is horizontally positioned, together forming the one-piece body of the large universal joint (Z). Due to the distance (X) between the turntable (T) and the axle axis, a gap is created between the intermediate chassis (S) and the lower chassis (M). The load coming from the rear induces a negative moment (-) in this gap. To counteract this force, a row of ball bearings (P) is placed on the intermediate chassis (S), thereby absorbing the moment and ensuring that the rear parts of chassis (S) and chassis (M) are in constant contact via the ball bearing row (P). The rear axles (2) and (3), through the chassis (K), are able to move vertically (upward and downward) via pin (N), and horizontally (side-to-side) via pin (L). This configuration ensures that all eight wheels on axles (2) and (3) maintain full ground contact under all terrain conditions. As a result, none of the axles are left suspended regardless of the terrain. TRAILER (ID) The six-axle, twelve-wheel trailer (ID) we have designed is integrated with our four-axle, fourteen-wheel tractor (1CX). Both axles are connected beneath the main trailer chassis via articulated joints (Zl), (Z2), and (Z3). The last axle, located behind the joint (Z3), is fixed. There is no need for this axle to pivot, and together with the tractor's kingpin, it constitutes two fixed points in the system. The remaining five movable axles, situated between the fixed axle and the kingpin axis, are kept under control. This configuration stabilizes the system and eliminates the risk of the trailer (ID) skidding. The articulated joints (Zl), (Z2), and (Z3) allow vertical displacement (up and down) over a distance (Y). A total of five lower subframes (M) are connected to articulated subframes (S) via the joints (Zl), (Z2), and (Z3), each being connected by a turntable (T). These turntables are mounted with an offset distance (X) between the axle axis and the turntable axis. Due to this offset, each axle independently aligns in the direction of the tractor (1CX) during movement. This eliminates tire scrub caused by fixed axles and increases the trailer's (ID) maneuverability. When it is necessary for the axles to remain fixed (e.g., during reverse maneuvering), a locking mechanism (R) with a conical hydraulic pin is engaged between the lower frame chassis components to fix them securely. Due to the offset distance (X) between the turntable (T) and the axle axis, a gap is formed between the intermediate chassis (S) and the lower chassis (M), resulting in a negative moment (-) caused by the rearward load. This force is counteracted by inserting a row of ball bearings (P) into the intermediate chassis (S), absorbing the negative moment and ensuring continuous contact between the rear parts of chassis (S) and chassis (M). When the tractor (1CX) turns to the right, the axle distances on the outer side (A1)-(A2)-(A3)- (A4)-(A5) increase forwardly. Similarly, the outer arc gaps (B1)-(B2)-(B3)-(B4)-(B5) expand. Meanwhile, contraction occurs in the inner arc. Each outer axle spacing (Al)-(Cl), (A2)-(C2), (A3)-(C3), (A4)-(C4), and (A5)-(C5) is greater than the corresponding inner spacing. Similarly, the outer arc gaps (Bl)-(Dl), (B2)-(D2), (B3)-(D3), (B4)-(D4), and (B5)-(D5) are greater than those of the inner arc. Consequently, while the outer arc distances increase, the inner arc axle spacings decrease. This eliminates tire scrub, also known as tire scuffing. The trailer (ID) axles pivot as needed according to the turning angle of the tractor (1CX).

[0031] Industrial Application; The invention relates to a tractor (1CX) and a trailer (ID) designed for transporting large quantities of excavation material, rock, sand, gravel, and overburden in off-road areas such as airport construction sites, highway construction sites, dam construction sites, viaduct construction sites, and mining areas. The invention enables transportation at more than twice the load limits designated for paved highway use, resulting in over 100% savings in both time and cost within the sector. The innovation and advantages of the invention make it a preferred solution.

Claims

Claims

1. The invention relates to a tractor (1 CX) and a trailer (1 D) designed for transporting large quantities of excavation material, rock, sand, gravel, and overburden in off-road areas such as airport construction, highway construction, dam construction, viaduct construction, and mining sites, and is characterized in that:• The six-axle, twelve-wheel trailer (1 D) is integrated with a four-axle, fourteen- wheel tractor (1 CX), forming a single combined unit,• When the vehicle is steered to the right or left, the inner axle distances decrease while the outer axle distances increase, thereby reducing the inner turning radius and increasing the outer turning radius, preventing tire wear (tire scrub) and expanding the maneuvering capability of the tractor (1 CX),• Axles (2) and (3) are jointly connected to the chassis (K) via a universal joint, where the chassis (K) is centrally connected through a vertical joint (L) and a horizontal joint (N), forming a large universal joint, and the axle frames M1 and M2 are connected to the chassis (K) by means of articulated turntables,• The vertical joint (L) and the horizontal joint (N) are formed as a single piece, constituting the body of the universal joint (Z),• Due to the offset distance (X) between the turntable (T) and the axle axis, a gap is formed between the intermediate chassis (S) and the lower chassis (M), and a negative moment (-) is generated by the rearward load; this moment is counteracted by a row of ball bearings (P) placed on the intermediate chassis (S), ensuring contact between the rear portions of chassis (S) and chassis (M),• The rear axles (2) and (3) are capable of vertical movement (up and down) via pin (N) and horizontal movement (left and right) via pin (L), ensuring that all eight wheels on these axles maintain continuous contact with the ground under any terrain condition, preventing axle suspension, the tractor (1CX), and:• A trailer (1 D) with six axles and twelve wheels, integrated with a four-axle, fourteen-wheel tractor (1 CX),• All axles are connected beneath the main trailer chassis via joints (Z1 ), (Z2), and (Z3), wherein the final axle behind joint (Z3) is fixed and does not requiresteering, forming two fixed points in the system together with the tractor's kingpin,• The five movable axles located between the fixed axle and the kingpin axis are kept under control, thereby stabilizing the system and eliminating the risk of slippage,• The joints (Z1 ), (Z2), and (Z3) enable vertical displacement (up and down) by a distance (Y); a total of five lower chassis members (M) are connected to articulated chassis members (S) via turntables (T), mounted with an offset (X) between the axle axis and the turntable axis, allowing each axle to independently align in the direction of the tractor (1 CX), eliminating tire scrub and expanding maneuverability,• When axle fixation is required, such as during reverse maneuvers, the axles are locked by a locking mechanism (R) placed between the lower frame chassis members, utilizing a conical hydraulic pin,• Due to the offset distance (X) between the turntable and axle axis, a gap is formed between the intermediate chassis (S) and the lower chassis (M), and the resulting negative moment (-) from the rearward load is counteracted by a row of ball bearings inserted into the intermediate chassis (S), ensuring contact between the rear portions of chassis (S) and chassis (M),• When the tractor (1 CX) turns to the right, the axle spacings of the outer wheels (A1 )-(A2)-(A3)-(A4)-(A5) increase forward, and likewise, the outer arc spacings (B1 )-(B2)-(B3)-(B4)-(B5) increase and expand, while the inner arc contracts,. Each of the outer axle distances (A1 )-(C1 ), (A2)-(C2), (A3)-(C3), (A4)-(C4), and (A5)-(C5) are greater than their corresponding inner spacings,• In the contracting inner arc, the distances (B1 )-(D1 ), (B2)-(D2), (B3)-(D3), (B4)-(D4), and (B5)-(D5) are wider, such that while the outer arc distances increase, the inner arc axle distances decrease, thereby eliminating tire scrub,• The axles of the trailer (1 D) pivot to the required degree depending on the turning angle of the tractor (1 CX)

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