Battery management apparatus and method

Abstract

A battery management apparatus according to an aspect of the present invention comprises: a profile obtaining unit configured to obtain a battery profile showing the correspondence between the voltage and capacity of a battery; a profile adjusting unit configured to generate a positive electrode profile and a negative electrode profile of the battery by adjusting a preset reference positive electrode profile and reference negative electrode profile to correspond to the battery profile; and a control unit configured to extract a parameter related to the battery from at least one of the positive electrode profile or the negative electrode profile, and determine the available lithium increase rate of the battery on the basis of the extracted parameter.

Description

Battery management device and method

[0001] The present invention relates to a battery management device and method.

[0002] This application claims priority to Korean Application No. 10-2024-0074592, filed on June 7, 2024, the entire disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference.

[0003]

[0004] Recently, as the demand for portable electronic products such as laptops, video cameras, and mobile phones has rapidly increased, and the development of electric vehicles, energy storage batteries, robots, and satellites has been in full swing, research into high-performance batteries capable of repeated charging and discharging is actively being conducted.

[0005] Currently commercialized batteries include nickel-cadmium batteries, nickel-metal hydride batteries, nickel-zinc batteries, and lithium batteries. Among these, lithium batteries are receiving attention for their advantages of being able to charge and discharge freely, having a very low self-discharge rate, and having a high energy density, as they have almost no memory effect compared to nickel-based batteries.

[0006] While extensive research is being conducted on these batteries to improve capacity and density, improving lifespan and safety is also crucial. To improve battery safety, technology is required to accurately diagnose the current battery condition.

[0007]

[0008] The present invention has been devised to solve the above problems, and its purpose is to provide a battery management device and method for non-destructively determining the state of a battery.

[0009] Other objects and advantages of the present invention can be understood through the following description and will be more clearly understood through the embodiments of the present invention. Furthermore, it will be readily apparent that the objects and advantages of the present invention can be realized by the means and combinations thereof set forth in the claims.

[0010]

[0011] A battery management device according to one aspect of the present invention may include a profile acquisition unit configured to acquire a battery profile indicating a correspondence between a voltage and a capacity of a battery; a profile adjustment unit configured to adjust a preset reference positive electrode profile and a reference negative electrode profile to correspond to the battery profile, thereby generating a positive electrode profile and a negative electrode profile of the battery; and a control unit configured to extract a parameter for the battery from at least one of the positive electrode profile and the negative electrode profile, and determine an available lithium increase rate of the battery based on the extracted parameter.

[0012] The control unit may be configured to determine a first characteristic value from the negative profile, and determine an available lithium increase rate of the battery based on the determined first characteristic value, a preset first reference characteristic value, a preset reference difference value, and a capacity loss rate of the battery.

[0013] The control unit may be configured to calculate a difference between the first reference characteristic value and the first characteristic value to produce a first difference value, and determine a value obtained by dividing the first difference value by the reference difference value and adding the capacity loss rate to the value as the available lithium increase rate.

[0014] The control unit may be configured to determine a second characteristic value and a third characteristic value from the bipolar profile, and determine the capacity loss rate based on the second characteristic value, the third characteristic value, and the reference difference value.

[0015] The control unit may be configured to set a charging condition of the battery based on the available lithium increase rate.

[0016] The control unit may be configured to determine a second characteristic value from the positive electrode profile, calculate an available lithium change rate based on the determined second characteristic value, a preset second reference characteristic value, and a preset reference difference value, and determine an available lithium loss rate of the battery by adding the calculated available lithium change rate and the available lithium increase rate.

[0017] The control unit may be configured to calculate a difference between the second characteristic value and the second reference characteristic value to produce a second difference value, and to produce a value obtained by dividing the second difference value by the reference difference value as the available lithium change rate.

[0018] The control unit may be configured to compare the available lithium loss rate with a preset threshold value and diagnose the deterioration state of the battery based on the comparison result.

[0019] The control unit may be configured to set charging conditions of the battery based on the available lithium loss rate.

[0020] A battery pack according to another aspect of the present invention may include a battery management device according to one aspect of the present invention.

[0021] A battery management method according to another aspect of the present invention may include a profile acquisition step of acquiring a battery profile indicating a correspondence between a voltage and a capacity of a battery; a profile adjustment step of generating an anode profile and an anode profile by adjusting a preset reference anode profile and a reference anode profile to correspond to the battery profile; and a diagnosis step of extracting a parameter for the battery from at least one of the anode profile and the anode profile and diagnosing an available lithium increase rate of the battery based on the extracted parameter.

[0022]

[0023] According to one aspect of the present invention, a battery management device can non-destructively determine an increase rate of available lithium in a battery.

[0024] According to one aspect of the present invention, a battery management device can non-destructively determine a capacity loss rate of a battery.

[0025] According to one aspect of the present invention, a battery management device can non-destructively determine the rate of change in available lithium of a battery.

[0026] According to one aspect of the present invention, since the battery management device can quantitatively distinguish and calculate the available lithium increase rate and the available lithium loss rate included in the available lithium change rate, the state of the battery can be determined more accurately than in the prior art.

[0027] According to one aspect of the present invention, a battery management device can prevent acceleration of structural change of a positive electrode by appropriately setting a charging condition of a battery based on an increase rate of available lithium.

[0028] According to one aspect of the present invention, a battery management device can prevent degradation or accelerated degradation of a battery by appropriately setting charging conditions of the battery based on an available lithium loss rate.

[0029] The effects of the present invention are not limited to the effects mentioned above, and other effects not mentioned will be clearly understood by those skilled in the art from the description of the claims.

[0030]

[0031] The following drawings attached to this specification serve to further understand the technical idea of ​​the present invention together with the detailed description of the invention described below, and therefore the present invention should not be interpreted as being limited to the matters described in such drawings.

[0032] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating a battery management device according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0033] FIG. 2 is a diagram schematically illustrating a battery profile and a comparison profile according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0034] FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating a reference anode profile, a reference cathode profile, an anode profile, and a cathode profile according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0035] FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating a profile obtained by repeatedly charging and discharging a battery according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0036] Figure 5 is a diagram showing the change rate of available lithium, the loss rate of available lithium, and the increase rate of available lithium at each diagnosis time point.

[0037] FIG. 6 is a drawing illustrating an exemplary configuration of a battery pack including a battery management device according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0038] FIG. 7 is a schematic drawing of a vehicle according to another embodiment of the present invention.

[0039] FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram illustrating a battery management method according to another embodiment of the present invention.

[0040]

[0041] Terms or words used in this specification and claims should not be interpreted as limited to their usual or dictionary meanings, but should be interpreted as meanings and concepts that conform to the technical spirit of the present invention, based on the principle that the inventor can appropriately define the concept of the term to explain his or her own invention in the best possible manner.

[0042] Accordingly, the embodiments described in this specification and the configurations illustrated in the drawings are merely the most preferred embodiments of the present invention and do not represent all of the technical ideas of the present invention. Therefore, it should be understood that there may be various equivalents and modified examples that can replace them at the time of filing this application.

[0043] In addition, when describing the present invention, if it is determined that a detailed description of a related known configuration or function may obscure the gist of the present invention, the detailed description is omitted.

[0044] Terms that include ordinal numbers, such as first, second, etc., are used to distinguish one of the various components from the rest, and are not used to limit the components by such terms.

[0045] Throughout the specification, whenever a part is said to "include" a component, this does not mean that it excludes other components, but rather that it may include other components, unless otherwise stated.

[0046] Additionally, throughout the specification, when we say that a part is "connected" to another part, this includes not only cases where it is "directly connected" but also cases where it is "indirectly connected" with other elements in between.

[0047]

[0048] Hereinafter, a preferred embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the attached drawings.

[0049] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating a battery management device (100) according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0050] Referring to FIG. 1, the battery management device (100) may include a profile acquisition unit (110), a profile adjustment unit (120), and a control unit (130).

[0051] Here, a battery refers to a physically separate, independent cell having a negative terminal and a positive terminal. For example, a lithium-ion battery or a lithium polymer battery may be considered a battery. Furthermore, the battery may be of a cylindrical type, a prismatic type, or a pouch type. Furthermore, a battery may also refer to a battery bank, a battery module, or a battery pack in which multiple cells are connected in series and / or parallel. For convenience of explanation, the term "battery" will be described herein below as referring to a single, independent cell.

[0052] FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating a battery profile (M) and a comparison profile (S) according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0053] In the embodiment of FIG. 2, the horizontal axis (X-axis) represents capacity (Ah), and the vertical axis (Y-axis) represents voltage (V).

[0054] The profile acquisition unit (110) may be configured to acquire a battery profile (M) indicating a correspondence between the voltage and capacity of the battery.

[0055] For example, a battery profile (M) is a profile that represents the relationship between voltage (V) and capacity (Q) while the battery's State of Charge (SOC) is being charged from a preset start SOC or 0% to a preset end SOC or 100%. As another example, a battery profile (M) is a profile that represents the relationship between voltage and capacity while the battery's SOC is being discharged from a preset start SOC or 0% to a preset end SOC or 100%.

[0056] For example, there is no specific limitation on the C-rate (current rate) in charging or discharging for generating a battery profile (M). However, preferably, the battery should be charged or discharged at a low rate to obtain a more accurate battery profile (M). This is because charging or discharging the battery at a low C-rate allows for a battery profile (M) that reflects relatively less overvoltage compared to charging or discharging the battery at a high C-rate. For example, the battery profile (M) can be generated during the process of charging or discharging the battery at 0.05C.

[0057] For example, the profile acquisition unit (110) can directly receive the battery profile (M) from the outside. That is, the profile acquisition unit (110) can receive the profile by being connected to the outside via wired and / or wireless communication. For example, the profile acquisition unit (110) can receive the profile from the outside via wired communication such as CAN (Controller Area Network) communication or CAN-FD (CAN with Flexible Data rate) communication. As another example, the profile acquisition unit (110) can receive the profile from the outside via wireless communication such as Zigbee, Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, WFD (Wi-Fi Direct), UWB (Ultra-wideband), or mobile communication. Of course, as long as it supports communication between the profile acquisition unit (110) and the outside, the type of communication protocol is not particularly limited.

[0058] As another example, the profile acquisition unit (110) may receive battery information regarding the voltage and capacity of the battery. Furthermore, the profile acquisition unit (110) may generate a battery profile (M) based on the received battery information. Specifically, the profile acquisition unit (110) may generate a battery profile (M) by associating voltage and capacity data measured at the same timing among the voltage and capacity data included in the received battery information as corresponding data pairs and storing them in a memory or the like.

[0059] The profile acquisition unit (110) may be connected to the profile adjustment unit (120) so as to be able to communicate with it. For example, the profile acquisition unit (110) may be connected to the profile adjustment unit (120) by wire and / or wirelessly. The profile acquisition unit (110) may transmit the acquired profile to the profile adjustment unit (120).

[0060] FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating a reference anode profile (Rp), a reference cathode profile (Rn), an anode profile (Rp'), and a cathode profile (Rn') according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0061] In the embodiment of FIG. 3, the horizontal axis (X-axis) represents capacity (Ah), and the vertical axis (Y-axis) represents voltage (V).

[0062] The profile adjustment unit (120) can be configured to adjust a preset reference positive profile (Rp) and a reference negative profile (Rn) to correspond to a battery profile (M), thereby generating a positive profile (Rp') and a negative profile (Rn') of the battery.

[0063] Here, the reference positive electrode profile (Rp) may be a profile indicating a relationship between the voltage and capacity of a reference positive electrode preset to correspond to the positive electrode of the battery. For example, the reference positive electrode may be the positive electrode of a positive coin half cell or a three-electrode cell. And, the reference negative electrode profile (Rn) may be a profile indicating a relationship between the voltage and capacity of a reference negative electrode preset to correspond to the negative electrode of the battery. For example, the reference negative electrode may be the negative electrode of a negative coin half cell or a three-electrode cell.

[0064] Specifically, the profile adjustment unit (120) can adjust the reference positive electrode profile (Rp) and the reference negative electrode profile (Rn) to correspond to the battery profile (M).

[0065] More specifically, the profile adjustment unit (120) can generate an adjusted anode profile and an adjusted cathode profile by adjusting the reference anode profile (Rp) and the reference cathode profile (Rn), respectively. Here, adjusting the profile may mean performing a shift operation that moves the profile in parallel and / or a scaling operation that enlarges / shrinks the profile.

[0066] The profile adjustment unit (120) can generate a comparison profile (S) from the adjusted positive electrode profile and the adjusted negative electrode profile. For example, the profile adjustment unit (120) can generate a comparison profile (S) by synthesizing the adjusted positive electrode profile and the adjusted negative electrode profile. Here, synthesizing the profile may mean generating a profile by calculating the difference between two capacity values ​​corresponding to the same voltage value for two profiles or calculating the difference between two voltage values ​​corresponding to the same capacity value. Preferably, the profile adjustment unit (120) can calculate the difference between two voltage values ​​corresponding to the same capacity value for the adjusted positive electrode profile and the adjusted negative electrode profile, and generate a profile that represents a correspondence between the calculated voltage difference and the capacity.

[0067] The profile adjustment unit (120) can adjust the reference positive profile (Rp) and the reference negative profile (Rn) until the comparison profile (S) corresponds to the battery profile (M). For example, the profile adjustment unit (120) can generate a plurality of comparison profiles (S) by repeating the adjustment procedure and the synthesis procedure for the reference positive profile (Rp) and the reference negative profile (Rn). The profile adjustment unit (120) can compare each of the plurality of comparison profiles (S) one-to-one with the battery profile (M) to specify one of the plurality of profiles that has the smallest error with the battery profile (M). The profile adjustment unit (120) can determine the adjusted positive profile used to generate the specified comparison profile (S) as the positive profile (Rp') of the battery. The profile adjustment unit (120) can determine the adjusted negative profile used to generate the specified comparison profile (S) as the negative profile (Rn') of the battery. That is, the adjusted positive and negative profiles corresponding to the specified comparison profile (S) can be estimated as the positive profile (Rp') and negative profile (Rn') of the battery, respectively.

[0068] The control unit (130) may be configured to extract parameters for the battery from at least one of the positive profile (Rp') and the negative profile (Rn').

[0069] The parameters may include a first feature point (nf'), a second feature point (pi'), a third feature point (pf'), and a fourth feature point (ni').

[0070] Specifically, the positive electrode profile (Rp') includes a second characteristic point (pi') corresponding to a positive electrode engagement start point (pi) and a third characteristic point (pf') corresponding to a positive electrode engagement end point (pf). Here, the positive electrode engagement start point (pi) refers to a point where a reaction of the positive electrode starts during a charging process or a point where a reaction of the positive electrode ends during a discharging process. The positive electrode engagement end point (pf) refers to a point where a reaction of the positive electrode ends during a charging process or a point where a reaction of the positive electrode starts during a discharging process. That is, the positive electrode engagement start point (pi) may be a point corresponding to a minimum voltage or a minimum capacity in a range in which the positive electrode reacts. The positive electrode engagement end point (pf) may be a point corresponding to a maximum voltage or a maximum capacity in a range in which the positive electrode reacts.

[0071] Similarly, the cathode profile (Rn') has a fourth characteristic value (ni) corresponding to the cathode engagement initiation point (ni). MOL ) and the first feature value (nf) corresponding to the negative participation end point (nf) MOL) are included. Here, the negative electrode participation start point (ni) means the point where the reaction of the negative electrode starts during the charging process or the point where the reaction of the negative electrode ends during the discharging process. The negative electrode participation end point (nf) means the point where the reaction of the negative electrode ends during the charging process or the point where the reaction of the negative electrode starts during the discharging process. That is, the negative electrode participation start point (ni) may be a point corresponding to the maximum voltage or maximum capacity in the range where the negative electrode reacts. The negative electrode participation end point (nf) may be a point corresponding to the minimum voltage or minimum capacity in the range where the negative electrode reacts.

[0072] For example, in the embodiment of FIG. 3, the positive profile (Rp') may include a second feature point (pi') and a third feature point (pf'). The negative profile (Rn') may include a fourth feature point (ni') and a first feature point (nf').

[0073] The control unit (130) can extract the second feature point (pi') and / or the third feature point (pf') from the positive profile as parameters for the battery. The control unit (130) can extract the fourth feature point (ni') or the first feature point (nf') from the negative profile (Rn') as parameters for the battery.

[0074] The control unit (130) may be configured to determine the available lithium increase rate of the battery based on the extracted parameters.

[0075] The available lithium increase rate refers to the rate at which the amount of available lithium in the battery has increased. In other words, the available lithium increase rate refers to the degree to which the amount of lithium ions that can be used for charging and discharging the battery has increased. If the amount of available lithium increases, the capacity that the battery can develop can increase. The available lithium increase rate can indicate how much the amount of available lithium in the battery has increased at the time of diagnosis based on the amount of available lithium in the battery at the beginning of life (BOL) state. For example, a 1% increase rate in available lithium means that the amount of available lithium in the battery at the time of diagnosis has increased by 1% compared to the amount of available lithium in the battery at the BOL state.

[0076] A battery management device (100) according to one embodiment of the present invention can non-destructively determine the increase rate of available lithium of a battery.

[0077]

[0078] Meanwhile, the profile acquisition unit (110), the profile adjustment unit (120), and the control unit (130) provided in the battery management device (100) may optionally include a processor, an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), another chipset, a logic circuit, a register, a communication modem, a data processing device, etc. known in the art to execute various control logics performed in the present invention. In addition, when the control logic is implemented in software, the profile acquisition unit (110), the profile adjustment unit (120), and the control unit (130) may be implemented as a set of program modules. At this time, the program modules may be stored in a memory and executed by the profile acquisition unit (110), the profile adjustment unit (120), and the control unit (130). The memory may be located inside or outside the control unit (130), and may be connected to the control unit (130) by various well-known means.

[0079] In addition, the battery management device (100) may further include a storage unit (140). The storage unit (140) may store data or programs required for each component of the battery management device (100) to perform operations and functions, or data generated in the process of performing operations and functions. The storage unit (140) is not particularly limited in type as long as it is a known information storage means known to be capable of recording, erasing, updating, and reading data. As an example, the information storage means may include RAM, flash memory, ROM, EEPROM, registers, etc. In addition, the storage unit (140) may store program codes defining processes executable by the control unit (130).

[0080] Specifically, the storage unit (140) can store information required for the profile adjustment unit (120) to generate the positive profile (Rp') and the negative profile (Rn'). For example, the storage unit (140) can store a reference positive profile (Rp) and a reference negative profile (Rn), etc. In addition, the profile adjustment unit (120) can access the storage unit (140) to obtain information required for generating the positive profile (Rp') and the negative profile (Rn').

[0081] In addition, the storage unit (140) can store information necessary for the control unit (130) to determine the available lithium increase rate, the available lithium change rate, the available lithium loss rate, and / or the capacity loss rate of the battery. For example, the storage unit (140) can store a first reference characteristic value, a second reference characteristic value, a third reference characteristic value, a fourth reference characteristic value, and / or a reference difference value. In addition, the control unit (130) can access the storage unit (140) to obtain information necessary for determining the available lithium increase rate, the available lithium change rate, the available lithium loss rate, and / or the capacity loss rate of the battery.

[0082]

[0083] Hereinafter, the control unit (130) may be used to determine the first characteristic value (nf) that can be used to determine the available lithium increase rate, available lithium change rate, available lithium loss rate, or capacity loss rate of the battery. MOL ), the second feature value (pi MOL ), the third feature value (pf MOL ) and the fourth feature value (ni MOL ) is explained.

[0084] The first feature value (nf MOL ) is the SOC of the first feature point (nf'). Specifically, the first feature value (nf MOL ) can be determined as the SOC of the first feature point (nf') of the cathode profile (Rn').

[0085] For example, the control unit (130) calculates the ratio of the capacity of the first feature point (nf') to the capacity of the cathode profile (Rn'), and sets the calculated ratio to the first feature value (nf MOL ) can be determined.

[0086] Referring to Fig. 3, the entire capacity range of the cathode profile (Rn') is Qi_n[Ah] to Qf_n[Ah], and the capacity of the first feature point (nf') is Qnf[Ah]. In this case, the first feature value (nf MOL ) can be calculated according to the formula "(Qnf-Qi_n)χ(Qf_n-Qi_n)Х100".

[0087] As another example, the control unit (130) calculates the ratio of the capacity of the first feature point (nf') to the capacity of the bipolar profile (Rp'), and compares the calculated ratio to the first feature value (nf MOL ) can be determined.

[0088] As another example, the control unit (130) calculates the ratio of the capacity of the first feature point (nf') to the capacity of the battery profile (M), and compares the calculated ratio to the first feature value (nf MOL ) can be determined.

[0089] The second feature value (pi MOL) is the SOC of the second feature point (pi'). Specifically, the second feature value (pi MOL ) can be determined as the SOC of the second feature point (pi') of the bipolar profile (Rp').

[0090] For example, the control unit (130) calculates the ratio of the capacity of the second feature point (pi') to the capacity of the bipolar profile (Rp'), and compares the calculated ratio to the second feature value (pi MOL ) can be determined.

[0091] Referring to Fig. 3, the entire capacity range of the bipolar profile (Rp') is Qi_p[Ah] to Qf_p[Ah], and the capacity of the second feature point (pi') is Qpi[Ah]. In this case, the second feature value (pi MOL ) can be calculated according to the formula "(Qpi-Qi_p)χ(Qf_p-Qi_p)Х100".

[0092] As another example, the control unit (130) calculates the ratio of the capacity of the second feature point (pi') to the capacity of the cathode profile (Rn'), and compares the calculated ratio to the second feature value (pi MOL ) can be determined.

[0093] As another example, the control unit (130) calculates the ratio of the capacity of the second feature point (pi') to the capacity of the battery profile (M), and compares the calculated ratio to the second feature value (pi MOL ) can be determined.

[0094] The third feature value (pf MOL ) is the SOC of the third feature point (pf'). Specifically, the third feature value (pf MOL ) can be determined as the SOC of the third feature point (pf') of the bipolar profile (Rp').

[0095] For example, the control unit (130) calculates the ratio of the capacity of the third feature point (pf') to the capacity of the bipolar profile (Rp'), and compares the calculated ratio to the third feature value (pf MOL ) can be determined.

[0096] Referring to Fig. 3, the entire capacity range of the anode profile (Rp') is Qi_p[Ah] to Qf_p[Ah], and the capacity of the third feature point (pf') is Qpf[Ah]. In this case, the third feature value (pf MOL ) can be calculated according to the formula "(Qpf-Qi_p)χ(Qf_p-Qi_p)Х100".

[0097] As another example, the control unit (130) calculates the ratio of the capacity of the third feature point (pf') to the capacity of the cathode profile (Rn'), and compares the calculated ratio to the third feature value (pf MOL ) can be determined.

[0098] As another example, the control unit (130) calculates the ratio of the capacity of the third feature point (pf') to the capacity of the battery profile (M), and compares the calculated ratio to the third feature value (pf MOL ) can be determined.

[0099] The fourth feature value (ni MOL ) is the SOC of the fourth feature point (ni'). Specifically, the fourth feature value (ni MOL ) can be determined as the SOC of the fourth characteristic point (ni') of the cathode profile (Rn').

[0100] For example, the control unit (130) calculates the ratio of the capacity of the fourth characteristic point (ni') to the capacity of the cathode profile (Rn'), and converts the calculated ratio into the fourth characteristic value (ni MOL ) can be determined.

[0101] Referring to Fig. 3, the entire capacity section of the cathode profile (Rn') is Qi_n[Ah] to Qf_n[Ah], and the capacity of the fourth feature point (ni') is Qni[Ah]. In this case, the fourth feature value (ni MOL ) can be calculated according to the formula "(Qni-Qi_n)χ(Qf_n-Qi_n)Х100".

[0102] As another example, the control unit (130) calculates the ratio of the capacity of the fourth characteristic point (ni') to the capacity of the bipolar profile (Rp'), and compares the calculated ratio to the fourth characteristic value (ni MOL ) can be determined.

[0103] As another example, the control unit (130) calculates the ratio of the capacity of the fourth feature point (ni') to the capacity of the battery profile (M), and compares the calculated ratio to the fourth feature value (ni MOL ) can be determined.

[0104]

[0105] Below, the preset first reference feature value (nf BOL ), the second reference feature value (pi BOL ), the third reference feature value (pf BOL ), the fourth reference feature value (ni BOL ) and the standard difference value is explained.

[0106] The reference cathode profile (Rn) includes a first reference feature point (nf0). The first reference feature value (nf BOL ) is a value representing the SOC of the first reference feature point (nf0).

[0107] For example, the control unit (130) calculates the ratio of the capacity of the first reference feature point (nf0) to the capacity of the reference cathode profile (Rn), and compares the calculated ratio to the first reference feature value (nf BOL ) can be determined.

[0108] Referring to Fig. 3, the entire capacity range of the reference cathode profile (Rn) is Qi0_n[Ah] to Qf0_n[Ah], and the capacity of the first reference feature point (nf0) is Qnf0[Ah]. In this case, the first reference feature value (nf BOL ) can be calculated according to the formula of "(Qnf0-Qi0_n)χ(Qf0_n-Qi0_n)Х100". As another example, the control unit (130) calculates the ratio of the capacity of the first reference feature point (nf0) to the capacity of the reference bipolar profile (Rp), and compares the calculated ratio with the first feature value (nfBOL ) can be determined. As another example, the control unit (130) calculates the ratio of the capacity of the first reference feature point (nf0) to the capacity of the reference battery profile (M), and compares the calculated ratio with the first reference feature value (nf BOL ) can be determined.

[0109] The reference battery profile (M) may be preset based on the reference positive electrode profile (Rp) and the reference negative electrode profile (Rn). Specifically, the reference battery profile (M) may represent a capacity-dependent voltage difference between the reference positive electrode profile (Rp) and the reference negative electrode profile (Rn).

[0110] In the embodiment of FIG. 3, the reference battery profile (M) may be preset based on the reference positive electrode profile (Rp) and the reference negative electrode profile (Rn). Specifically, the reference battery profile (M) may represent a capacity-dependent voltage difference between the reference positive electrode profile (Rp) and the reference negative electrode profile (Rn).

[0111] The reference bipolar profile (Rp) includes a second reference feature point (pi0). The second reference feature value (pi BOL ) is a value representing the SOC of the second reference feature point (pi0).

[0112] For example, the control unit (130) calculates the ratio of the capacity of the second reference feature point (pi0) to the capacity of the reference cathode profile (Rn), and compares the calculated ratio to the second reference feature value (pi BOL ) can be determined.

[0113] Referring to Fig. 3, the entire capacity range of the reference cathode profile (Rn) is Qi0_n[Ah] to Qf0_n[Ah], and the capacity of the second reference feature point (pi0) is Qpi0[Ah]. In this case, the second reference feature value (pi BOL) can be calculated according to the formula of "(Qpi0-Qi0_n)χ(Qf0_n-Qi0_n)Х100". As another example, the control unit (130) calculates the ratio of the capacity of the second reference feature point (pi0) to the capacity of the reference bipolar profile (Rp), and converts the calculated ratio into the second feature value (pi BOL ) can be determined. As another example, the control unit (130) calculates the ratio of the capacity of the second reference feature point (pi0) to the capacity of the reference battery profile (M), and compares the calculated ratio to the second reference feature value (pi BOL ) can be determined.

[0114] The reference bipolar profile (Rp) includes a third reference feature point (pf0). The third reference feature value (pf BOL ) is a value representing the SOC of the third reference feature point (pf0).

[0115] For example, the control unit (130) calculates the ratio of the capacity of the third reference feature point (pf0) to the capacity of the reference cathode profile (Rn), and compares the calculated ratio to the third reference feature value (pf BOL ) can be determined.

[0116] Referring to Fig. 3, the entire capacity range of the reference cathode profile (Rn) is Qi0_n[Ah] to Qf0_n[Ah], and the capacity of the third reference feature point (pf0) is Qpf0[Ah]. In this case, the third reference feature value (pf BOL ) can be calculated according to the formula of "(Qpf0-Qi0_n)χ(Qf0_n-Qi0_n)Х100". As another example, the control unit (130) calculates the ratio of the capacity of the third reference feature point (pf0) to the capacity of the reference bipolar profile (Rp), and converts the calculated ratio into the third feature value (pf BOL ) can be determined. As another example, the control unit (130) calculates the ratio of the capacity of the third reference feature point (pf0) to the capacity of the reference battery profile (M), and compares the calculated ratio with the third reference feature value (pf BOL ) can be determined.

[0117] The reference cathode profile (Rn) includes a fourth reference feature point (ni0). The fourth reference feature value (ni BOL ) is a value representing the SOC of the fourth reference feature point (ni0).

[0118] For example, the control unit (130) calculates the ratio of the capacity of the fourth reference feature point (ni0) to the capacity of the reference cathode profile (Rn), and compares the calculated ratio to the fourth reference feature value (ni BOL ) can be determined.

[0119] Referring to Fig. 3, the entire capacity range of the reference cathode profile (Rn) is Qi0_n[Ah] to Qf0_n[Ah], and the capacity of the fourth reference feature point (ni0) is Qni0[Ah]. In this case, the fourth reference feature value (ni BOL ) can be calculated according to the formula of "(Qni0-Qi0_n)χ(Qf0_n-Qi0_n)Х100". As another example, the control unit (130) calculates the ratio of the capacity of the fourth reference feature point (ni0) to the capacity of the reference bipolar profile (Rp), and converts the calculated ratio into the fourth feature value (ni BOL ) can be determined. As another example, the control unit (130) calculates the ratio of the capacity of the fourth reference feature point (ni0) to the capacity of the reference battery profile (M), and compares the calculated ratio to the fourth reference feature value (ni BOL ) can be determined.

[0120] Baseline difference value (Diff ref ) can be preset based on a reference positive profile (Rp) or a reference negative profile (Rn). Specifically, a reference difference value (Diff ref ) is the third reference feature value (pf BOL ) and the second reference feature value (pi BOL ) can be calculated as the difference between the three reference feature values ​​(pf). For example, the third reference feature value (pf BOL ) in the second reference feature value (pi BOL ) is the standard difference value (i.e. Diff ref =pfBOL- pi BOL ) can be calculated. Or, the reference difference value (Diff ref ) can be calculated as the difference between the first reference feature value (nfBOL) and the fourth reference feature value (niBOL). For example, the first reference feature value (nf BOL ) in the fourth reference feature value (ni BOL ) is the standard difference value (i.e. Diff ref =nf BOL- ni BOL ) can be calculated. The third reference feature value (pf BOL ) and the second reference feature value (pi BOL ) and the difference between the first reference feature value (nfBOL) and the fourth reference feature value (niBOL) can be calculated as the same value. For example, the third reference feature value (pf BOL ) in the second reference feature value (pi BOL ) is the standard difference value (Diff ref ) can be produced.

[0121]

[0122] Below, a specific embodiment in which the control unit (130) determines the increase rate of available lithium of the battery is described.

[0123] The available lithium increase rate can be calculated based on the first feature point (nf').

[0124] The control unit (130) determines the first characteristic value (nf) from the negative profile (Rn'). MOL ) can be configured to determine.

[0125] In the embodiment of FIG. 3, the control unit (130) can extract the first feature point (nf') from the negative profile (Rn'). Then, the control unit (130) can extract the first feature value (nf) from the first feature point (nf'). MOL ) can be determined. For example, the control unit (130) determines the SOC of the first feature point (nf') as the first feature value (nf MOL ) can be determined.

[0126] The control unit (130) determines the first characteristic value (nf MOL ), the preset first reference feature value (nf BOL ), preset reference difference value (Diff ref ) and may be configured to determine the increase rate of available lithium of the battery based on the capacity loss rate of the battery.

[0127] Specifically, the control unit (130) determines the first reference feature value (nf BOL ) and the first feature value (nf MOL ) can be configured to calculate the difference between them and output it as the first difference value.

[0128] For example, the control unit (130) may set a first reference feature value (nf BOL ) in the first feature value (nf MOL ) is the first difference value (i.e. nf BOL -nf MOL ) can be calculated.

[0129] And, the control unit (130) sets the first difference value as the reference difference value (Diff ref ) can be configured to determine the available lithium increase rate by adding the capacity loss rate to the value divided by the amount.

[0130] For example, the control unit (130) can calculate the available lithium increase rate using Equation 1 below.

[0131] <Formula 1>

[0132]

[0133] Here, Add Li represents the increase rate of available lithium, and Loss Q represents the capacity loss rate. nf BOL represents the first reference feature value, and nf MOL represents the first feature value, and Diff ref represents the standard difference value.

[0134]

[0135] Below, a specific embodiment for determining the capacity loss rate of a battery is described.

[0136] The battery capacity loss rate refers to the percentage of battery capacity lost. This capacity loss rate can indicate how much of the battery's capacity has been lost at the time of diagnosis, based on the battery's capacity in the BOL state. For example, a capacity loss rate of 1% means that the battery's capacity at the time of diagnosis has been lost by 1% compared to the BOL state.

[0137] For example, the capacity loss rate can be calculated based on the second feature point (pi') and the third feature point (pf').

[0138] The control unit (130) determines the second characteristic value (pi) in the bipolar profile MOL ) and the third feature value (pf MOL ) can be configured to determine.

[0139] In the embodiment of Fig. 3, the control unit (130) can determine the second feature point (pi') from the bipolar profile (Rp'). Then, the control unit (130) can determine the second feature value (pi) from the second feature point (pi'). MOL ) can be determined. The control unit (130) can determine the third feature point (pf') from the bipolar profile (Rp'). Then, the control unit (130) can determine the third feature value (pf) from the third feature point (pf'). MOL ) can be determined.

[0140] And, the control unit (130) sets the second characteristic value (pi MOL ), the third feature value (pf MOL ) and the reference difference (Diff ref ) can be configured to determine the capacity loss rate based on the following.

[0141] Specifically, the control unit (130) determines the second characteristic value (pi MOL ) and the third feature value (pf MOL ) can be calculated to obtain the third difference value.

[0142] For example, the control unit (130) may be configured to set a third characteristic value (pf MOL ) in the second feature value (pi MOL ) can be calculated as the third difference value.

[0143] And, the control unit (130) sets the third difference value as the reference difference value (Diff ref ) can be calculated as the capacity loss rate.

[0144] For example, the control unit (130) can calculate the capacity loss rate using Equation 2 below.

[0145] <Formula 2>

[0146]

[0147] Here, LossQ represents the capacity loss rate, pfMOL represents the third feature value, and piMOL represents the second feature value. Diff ref is the Diff of Equation 1 ref , which represents the reference difference value.

[0148]

[0149] As another example, the capacity loss rate can be calculated based on the first feature point (nf') and the fourth feature point (ni').

[0150] The control unit (130) determines the first characteristic value (nf) from the negative profile (Rn'). MOL ) and the fourth feature value (ni MOL ) can be configured to determine.

[0151] In the embodiment of FIG. 3, the control unit (130) can determine the first feature point (nf') in the negative profile (Rn'). Then, the control unit (130) can determine the first feature value (nf) from the first feature point (nf'). MOL ) can be determined. The control unit (130) can determine the fourth feature point (ni') in the negative profile (Rn'). Then, the control unit (130) can determine the fourth feature value (ni) from the fourth feature point (ni'). MOL ) can be determined.

[0152] And, the control unit (130) determines the first characteristic value (nf MOL ), the fourth feature value (ni MOL ) and the reference difference (Diff ref ) can be configured to determine the capacity loss rate based on the following.

[0153] Specifically, the control unit (130) determines the first characteristic value (nf MOL ) and the fourth feature value (ni MOL ) can be calculated to obtain the fourth difference value.

[0154] For example, the control unit (130) may set the first characteristic value (nf MOL ) in the fourth feature value (ni MOL ) can be calculated as the fourth difference value.

[0155] And, the control unit (130) sets the fourth difference value as the reference difference value (Diff ref ) can be calculated as the capacity loss rate.

[0156] For example, the control unit (130) can calculate the capacity loss rate using Equation 3 below.

[0157] <Formula 3>

[0158]

[0159] Here, nf MOL represents the first feature value, and ni MOL represents the fourth feature value. Loss Q is the Loss of Equation 2 Q , which represents the capacity loss rate. Diff ref is the Diff of Equation 1 ref , which represents the reference difference value.

[0160] A battery management device (100) according to one embodiment of the present invention can non-destructively determine a capacity loss rate of a battery.

[0161]

[0162] Below, a specific embodiment in which the control unit (130) determines the available lithium change rate of the battery is described.

[0163] The available lithium change rate refers to the rate at which the available lithium amount of the battery has changed. In other words, the available lithium change rate refers to the degree to which the amount of lithium ions that can be used for charging and discharging the battery has changed. The available lithium change rate can indicate how much the available lithium amount of the battery has changed at the time of diagnosis based on the available lithium amount of the battery in the BOL state. Preferably, the available lithium change rate can indicate the ratio of the change in the available lithium amount up to the time of diagnosis to the total available lithium amount at the time of BOL. In other words, the available lithium change rate can be calculated as a value obtained by subtracting the increase rate of the available lithium from the loss rate of the available lithium.

[0164] If the available lithium change rate is positive, it means that the amount of available lithium in the battery at the time of diagnosis has decreased compared to the amount of available lithium in the battery at the BOL state. For example, if the available lithium change rate is 1%, it means that the amount of available lithium in the battery at the time of diagnosis has decreased by 1% compared to the amount of available lithium in the battery at the BOL state. Conversely, if the available lithium change rate is negative, it means that the amount of available lithium in the battery at the time of diagnosis has increased compared to the amount of available lithium in the battery at the BOL state. For example, if the available lithium change rate is -1%, it means that the amount of available lithium in the battery at the time of diagnosis has increased by 1% compared to the amount of available lithium in the battery at the BOL state.

[0165] The available lithium change rate can be calculated based on the second characteristic point (pi').

[0166] The control unit (130) determines the second characteristic value (pi) from the bipolar profile (Rp'). MOL ) can be configured to determine.

[0167] In the embodiment of Fig. 3, the control unit (130) can determine the second feature point (pi') from the bipolar profile (Rp'). Then, the control unit (130) can determine the second feature value (pi) from the second feature point (pi'). MOL ) can be determined.

[0168] The control unit (130) determines the second characteristic value (pi MOL ), a preset second reference feature value (pi BOL ) and preset reference difference values ​​(Diff ref ) can be configured to calculate the available lithium change rate based on the amount of lithium.

[0169] Specifically, the control unit (130) determines the second characteristic value (pi MOL ) and the second reference feature value (pi BOL ) can be configured to calculate the difference between the two and output it as a second difference value.

[0170] For example, the control unit (130) may set the second characteristic value (pi MOL ) in the second reference feature value (pi BOL ) can be calculated as the second difference value.

[0171] And, the control unit (130) sets the second difference value as the reference difference value (Diff ref ) can be configured to produce a value divided by the available lithium change rate.

[0172] For example, the control unit (130) can calculate the available lithium change rate using Equation 4 below.

[0173] <Formula 4>

[0174]

[0175] Here, Total Li represents the rate of change in available lithium, and pi MOL represents the second feature value, and pi BOL represents the second reference feature value. Diff ref is the Diff of Equation 1 ref As the same value as , it represents the reference difference value.

[0176] A battery management device (100) according to one embodiment of the present invention can non-destructively determine the available lithium change rate of a battery.

[0177]

[0178] Below, a specific embodiment in which the control unit (130) determines the available lithium loss rate of the battery is described.

[0179] The available lithium loss rate refers to the rate at which the available lithium content of the battery has been lost. In other words, the available lithium loss rate indicates the degree to which the amount of lithium ions that can be used for charging and discharging the battery has been lost. The available lithium loss rate can indicate how much of the available lithium content of the battery has been lost at the time of diagnosis, based on the available lithium content of the battery in the BOL state. For example, a 1% available lithium loss rate means that the available lithium content of the battery at the time of diagnosis has been lost by 1% compared to the available lithium content of the battery in the BOL state.

[0180] The available lithium loss rate can be calculated based on the available lithium change rate and the available lithium increase rate.

[0181] The control unit (130) may be configured to determine the available lithium loss rate of the battery by adding the calculated available lithium change rate and the calculated available lithium increase rate.

[0182] For example, the control unit (130) can calculate the available lithium loss rate using Equation 5 below.

[0183] <Formula 5>

[0184]

[0185] Here, Loss Li represents the available lithium loss rate. Total Li is the available lithium loss rate according to Equation 4, and Add Li is the increase rate of available lithium according to Equation 1.

[0186] FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating a profile obtained by repeatedly charging and discharging a battery according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0187] In the embodiment of Fig. 4, the horizontal axis (X-axis) represents the number of charge / discharge cycles (times), and the vertical axis (Y-axis) represents the capacity retention rate (SOH, State of Health, %).

[0188] Referring to FIG. 4, the capacity retention rate is determined based on the BOL state, so at the BOL point (e.g., cycle 0), the capacity retention rate is 100%. Generally, as the battery is repeatedly charged and discharged or stored for a long period of time, the capacity retention rate gradually decreases and shows a value less than 100%. In the embodiment of FIG. 4, it can be confirmed that the capacity retention rate generally decreases as the number of charge and discharge cycles increases.

[0189] One cause of the reduced capacity retention of batteries is the loss of available lithium due to side reactions. Specifically, as a battery is used, redox reactions (hereinafter referred to as "side reactions") may occur between the positive electrode and / or negative electrode and the electrolyte. Here, the "side reaction" can refer to a reaction resulting from the movement of lithium ions (i.e., working ions) between the positive electrode and the electrolyte, or between the negative electrode and the electrolyte. More specifically, the positive electrode side reaction can be defined as a reaction in which lithium ions bound to the electrolyte separate from the electrolyte and migrate to the positive electrode. In other words, the positive electrode side reaction can be defined as a reaction in which lithium ions separated from the electrolyte diffuse into the positive electrode active material and intercalate. The negative electrode side reaction can be defined as a reaction in which lithium ions released from the negative electrode combine with the electrolyte. Therefore, the amount of available lithium loss can be calculated as the difference between the amount of negative electrode side reaction and the amount of positive electrode side reaction. Specifically, the amount of available lithium loss can be calculated by subtracting the amount of positive electrode side reaction from the amount of negative electrode side reaction. Alternatively, the available lithium loss rate can be calculated as the difference between the negative electrode side reaction rate and the positive electrode side reaction rate. Specifically, the available lithium loss rate can be calculated as the value obtained by subtracting the positive electrode side reaction rate from the negative electrode side reaction rate.

[0190] However, for some batteries, the capacity retention rate may actually increase as the battery is used. In the example of FIG. 4, it can be confirmed that the capacity retention rate corresponding to 50 cycles exceeds 100%.

[0191] The increased capacity retention rate despite increased charge / discharge cycles is due to the development of additional battery capacity. One cause of this additional capacity development is structural changes in the battery electrode. For example, structural changes in the cathode can lead to additional capacity development in the battery. Specifically, if an active material that undergoes phase transformation and redox reactions is used in the electrode, additional battery capacity can be developed. During the initial stages of battery use, the phase transformation and redox reactions of the active material can gradually become active, and the amount of these reactions can continuously increase until reaching a certain level.

[0192] For example, when a manganese-rich material is used in the positive electrode of a battery, phase change due to reaction of lithium manganese oxide (e.g., Li2MnO3) inside the manganese-rich material and oxygen ion (O2 - ) can undergo a redox reaction of manganese ions. That is, if a manganese-rich material is used in the positive electrode of a battery, the structure of the positive electrode will gradually change as the battery is used. This change can result in the development of additional capacity of the battery, and the additionally developed capacity corresponds to an increased amount of available lithium.

[0193] Previously, the rate of change in available lithium was determined by the rate at which the battery's available lithium was lost. In other words, the rate of loss of available lithium, which is related to battery degradation, and the rate of increase in available lithium, which is related to structural changes in the cathode, were not distinguished.

[0194] Figure 5 is a diagram showing the change rate of available lithium, the loss rate of available lithium, and the increase rate of available lithium at each diagnosis time point.

[0195] In the past, the rate of change in available lithium was considered as the rate of loss of available lithium, so it could be determined that the available lithium increased by 1.2% compared to BOL at 100 cycles. According to the present invention, the control unit (130) can determine that the available lithium was lost by 4.5% compared to BOL due to side reactions at 100 cycles, and that the available lithium increased by 5.7% compared to BOL due to changes in the cathode structure. In addition, the control unit (130) can determine that the available lithium increased by a total of 1.2% compared to BOL at 100 cycles.

[0196] Since the battery management device (100) according to one embodiment of the present invention can quantitatively distinguish and calculate the available lithium increase rate and available lithium loss rate included in the available lithium change rate, the state of the battery can be determined more accurately than in the prior art.

[0197]

[0198] Below, a specific embodiment in which the control unit (130) sets the charging conditions of the battery based on the determined available lithium increase rate or available lithium loss rate is described.

[0199] The control unit (130) may be configured to set the charging conditions of the battery based on the available lithium increase rate or the available lithium loss rate.

[0200] Specifically, the control unit (130) can adjust the upper charge limit voltage of the battery. For example, the control unit (130) can reduce the upper charge limit voltage of the battery.

[0201] Alternatively, the control unit (130) may adjust the upper charge limit SOC of the battery. For example, the control unit (130) may reduce the upper charge limit SOC of the battery.

[0202] Alternatively, the control unit (130) can adjust the charging C-rate range of the battery. For example, the control unit (130) can reduce the upper limit of the charging C-rate of the battery.

[0203] The control unit (130) can set the charging conditions of the battery based on the available lithium increase rate and a preset first reference value. Here, the first reference value may be the available lithium increase rate determined for the battery in its initial state. Preferably, the first reference value may be the available lithium increase rate determined for the battery in its BOL state. In this case, the first reference value may be 0.

[0204] Specifically, the control unit (130) can set the charging conditions of the battery based on the difference between the available lithium increase rate and the first reference value. More specifically, the control unit (130) can determine the decrease rate of the upper limit charge voltage to be proportional to the difference between the available lithium increase rate and the first reference value. That is, the greater the difference between the available lithium increase rate and the first reference value, the greater the decrease in the upper limit charge voltage. Here, the decrease rate of the upper limit charge voltage can be calculated based on a preset upper limit charge voltage. Preferably, it can be calculated based on the upper limit charge voltage set for a battery in a BOL state. Alternatively, the control unit (130) can determine the decrease rate of the upper limit charge SOC to be proportional to the difference between the available lithium increase rate and the first reference value. Alternatively, the control unit (130) can determine the decrease rate of the upper limit charge C-rate to be proportional to the difference between the available lithium increase rate and the first reference value.

[0205] The control unit (130) can set the charging conditions of the battery based on the available lithium loss rate and a preset second reference value. Here, the second reference value may be the available lithium loss rate determined for the battery in its initial state. Preferably, the second reference value may be the available lithium loss rate determined for the battery in its BOL state. In this case, the second reference value may be 0.

[0206] Specifically, the control unit (130) can set the charging conditions of the battery based on the difference between the available lithium loss rate and the second reference value. More specifically, the control unit (130) can determine the decrease rate of the upper limit charge voltage to be proportional to the difference between the available lithium loss rate and the second reference value. That is, the greater the difference between the available lithium loss rate and the second reference value, the greater the decrease in the upper limit charge voltage. Here, the decrease rate of the upper limit charge voltage can be calculated based on a preset upper limit charge voltage. Preferably, it can be calculated based on the upper limit charge voltage set for a battery in a BOL state. Alternatively, the control unit (130) can determine the decrease rate of the upper limit charge SOC to be proportional to the difference between the available lithium loss rate and the second reference value. Alternatively, the control unit (130) can determine the decrease rate of the upper limit charge C-rate to be proportional to the difference between the available lithium loss rate and the second reference value.

[0207] A battery management device (100) according to one embodiment of the present invention can prevent a structural change of a positive electrode from being accelerated by appropriately setting a charging condition of a battery based on an increase rate of available lithium.

[0208] In addition, the battery management device (100) according to one embodiment of the present invention can prevent degradation or accelerated degradation of the battery by appropriately setting the charging conditions of the battery based on the available lithium loss rate.

[0209]

[0210] Below, a specific embodiment in which the control unit (130) diagnoses the deterioration state of the battery based on the determined available lithium loss rate is described.

[0211] The control unit (130) may be configured to compare the available lithium loss rate with a preset threshold value. For example, the control unit (130) may compare the size of the available lithium loss rate with the threshold value.

[0212] The control unit (130) may be configured to diagnose the deterioration status of the battery based on the comparison result.

[0213] If the available lithium loss rate exceeds the threshold, the control unit (130) can diagnose the battery's condition as a deteriorated state. Conversely, if the available lithium loss rate is below the threshold, the control unit (130) can diagnose the battery's condition as a normal state.

[0214]

[0215] The battery management device (100) according to the present invention can be applied to a BMS (Battery Management System). That is, the BMS according to the present invention can include the battery management device (100) described above. In this configuration, at least some of the components of the battery management device (100) can be implemented by supplementing or adding to the functions of the components included in a conventional BMS. For example, the profile acquisition unit (110), the profile adjustment unit (120), and the control unit (130) of the battery management device (100) can be implemented as components of the BMS.

[0216]

[0217] Additionally, the battery management device (100) according to the present invention may be provided in a battery pack. That is, the battery pack according to the present invention may include the battery management device (100) described above and one or more battery cells. Additionally, the battery pack may further include electrical components (relays, fuses, etc.) and a case.

[0218] FIG. 6 is a drawing illustrating an exemplary configuration of a battery pack (10) including a battery management device (100) according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0219] The positive terminal of the battery (11) can be connected to the positive terminal (P+) of the battery pack (10), and the negative terminal of the battery (11) can be connected to the negative terminal (P-) of the battery pack (10).

[0220] The measuring unit (12) can be connected to a first sensing line (SL1), a second sensing line (SL2), and a third sensing line (SL3). Specifically, the measuring unit (12) can be connected to a positive terminal of the battery (11) through the first sensing line (SL1), and can be connected to a negative terminal of the battery (11) through the second sensing line (SL2). The measuring unit (12) can measure the voltage of the battery (11) based on the voltage measured at each of the first sensing line (SL1) and the second sensing line (SL2).

[0221] And, the measuring unit (12) can be connected to the current measuring unit (A) through the third sensing line (SL3). For example, the current measuring unit (A) can be an ammeter or a shunt resistor capable of measuring the charging current and discharging current of the battery (11). The measuring unit (12) can measure the charging current of the battery (11) through the third sensing line (SL3) to calculate the charging amount. In addition, the measuring unit (12) can measure the discharging current of the battery (11) through the third sensing line (SL3) to calculate the discharging amount.

[0222] A load (not shown) may have one end connected to the positive terminal (P+) of the battery pack (10) and the other end connected to the negative terminal (P-) of the battery pack (10). Accordingly, the positive terminal of the battery (11), the positive terminal (P+) of the battery pack (10), the load (2), the negative terminal (P-) of the battery pack (10), and the negative terminal of the battery (11) may be electrically connected.

[0223] For example, the load may be a charging device. As another example, the load may be a motor of a car, etc., which is powered by a battery (11).

[0224]

[0225] Figure 7 is a schematic drawing of a vehicle (1) according to another embodiment of the present invention.

[0226] Referring to FIG. 7, a battery pack (10) according to an embodiment of the present invention may be included in a vehicle (1), such as an electric vehicle (EV) or a hybrid vehicle (HV). Here, the battery pack (10) described above may be applied. In addition, the battery pack (10) may drive the vehicle (1) by supplying power to a motor through an inverter provided in the vehicle (1). Here, the battery pack (10) may include a battery management device (100). That is, the vehicle (1) may include a battery management device (100). In this case, the battery management device (100) may be an on-board device included in the vehicle (1).

[0227]

[0228] FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram illustrating a battery management method according to another embodiment of the present invention.

[0229] Referring to FIG. 8, the battery management method may include a profile acquisition step (S100), a profile adjustment step (S200), and a diagnosis step (S300).

[0230] Preferably, each step of the battery management method can be performed by a battery management device (100). In the following, for convenience of explanation, any content that overlaps with the previously described content will be omitted or briefly described.

[0231] The profile acquisition step (S100) is a step of acquiring a battery profile (M) indicating a correspondence between the voltage and capacity of the battery, and can be performed by the profile acquisition unit (110).

[0232] The profile adjustment step (S200) is a step of adjusting a preset reference positive profile (Rp) and a reference negative profile (Rn) to correspond to a battery profile (M) to generate a positive profile (Rp') and a negative profile (Rn'), and can be performed by a profile adjustment unit (120).

[0233] The diagnosis step (S300) is a step of extracting parameters for the battery from at least one of the positive profile (Rp') and the negative profile (Rn') and diagnosing the increase rate of available lithium of the battery based on the extracted parameters, which can be performed by the control unit (130).

[0234] The control unit (130) may be configured to determine the available lithium increase rate of the battery based on the extracted parameters.

[0235] The available lithium increase rate can be calculated based on the first feature point (nf').

[0236] The control unit (130) determines the first characteristic value (nf) from the negative profile (Rn'). MOL ) can be configured to determine.

[0237] In the embodiment of FIG. 3, the control unit (130) can extract the first feature point (nf') from the negative profile (Rn'). Then, the control unit (130) can extract the first feature value (nf) from the first feature point (nf'). MOL ) can be determined. For example, the control unit (130) determines the SOC of the first feature point (nf') as the first feature value (nf MOL ) can be determined.

[0238] The control unit (130) determines the first characteristic value (nf MOL ), the preset first reference feature value (nf BOL ), preset reference difference value (Diff ref ) and may be configured to determine the increase rate of available lithium of the battery based on the capacity loss rate of the battery.

[0239] Specifically, the control unit (130) determines the first reference feature value (nf BOL ) and the first feature value (nf MOL ) can be configured to calculate the difference between them and output it as the first difference value.

[0240] For example, the control unit (130) may set a first reference feature value (nf BOL ) in the first feature value (nf MOL ) is the first difference value (i.e. nf BOL -nf MOL ) can be calculated.

[0241] And, the control unit (130) sets the first difference value as the reference difference value (Diff ref ) can be configured to determine the available lithium increase rate by adding the capacity loss rate to the value divided by the amount.

[0242]

[0243] The embodiments of the present invention described above are not implemented only through devices and methods, but may also be implemented through a program that realizes a function corresponding to the configuration of the embodiments of the present invention or a recording medium on which the program is recorded, and such implementation can be easily implemented by an expert in the technical field to which the present invention belongs based on the description of the embodiments described above.

[0244] Although the present invention has been described above with reference to limited embodiments and drawings, the present invention is not limited thereto, and it is obvious that various modifications and variations are possible within the scope of the technical idea of ​​the present invention and the equivalent scope of the patent claims to be described below by a person having ordinary skill in the art to which the present invention pertains.

[0245] In addition, the present invention described above is not limited to the above-described embodiments and the attached drawings, and all or part of each embodiment may be selectively combined and configured so that various modifications can be made, as those skilled in the art can make various substitutions, modifications, and changes within the scope of the technical idea of ​​the present invention.

[0246]

[0247] [Explanation of symbols]

[0248] 1: Car

[0249] 10: Battery pack

[0250] 100: Battery management device

[0251] 110: Profile acquisition section

[0252] 120: Profile Adjustment Section

[0253] 130: Control unit

[0254] 140: Storage

Claims

1. A profile acquisition unit configured to acquire a battery profile indicating a correspondence between the voltage and capacity of the battery; A profile adjustment unit configured to adjust a preset reference positive electrode profile and a reference negative electrode profile to correspond to the battery profile, thereby generating a positive electrode profile and a negative electrode profile of the battery; and A battery management device comprising a control unit configured to extract parameters for the battery from at least one of the positive electrode profile and the negative electrode profile, and determine an available lithium increase rate of the battery based on the extracted parameters.

2. In paragraph 1, The above control unit, A battery management device characterized in that it is configured to determine a first characteristic value from the negative profile, and to determine an available lithium increase rate of the battery based on the determined first characteristic value, a preset first reference characteristic value, a preset reference difference value, and a capacity loss rate of the battery.

3. In paragraph 2, The above control unit, A battery management device characterized in that it is configured to calculate the difference between the first reference characteristic value and the first characteristic value to produce a first difference value, and determine the value obtained by dividing the first difference value by the reference difference value and adding the capacity loss rate to the value as the available lithium increase rate.

4. In paragraph 2, The above control unit, A battery management device characterized in that it is configured to determine a second characteristic value and a third characteristic value from the above bipolar profile, and to determine the capacity loss rate based on the second characteristic value, the third characteristic value, and the reference difference value.

5. In paragraph 1, The above control unit, A battery management device characterized in that it is configured to set a charging condition of the battery based on the increase rate of the available lithium.

6. In paragraph 1, The above control unit, A battery management device characterized in that it is configured to determine a second characteristic value from the above-mentioned positive profile, calculate an available lithium change rate based on the determined second characteristic value, a preset second reference characteristic value, and a preset reference difference value, and determine an available lithium loss rate of the battery by adding the calculated available lithium change rate and the available lithium increase rate.

7. In paragraph 6, The above control unit, A battery management device characterized in that it is configured to calculate the difference between the second characteristic value and the second reference characteristic value to produce a second difference value, and to produce a value obtained by dividing the second difference value by the reference difference value as the available lithium change rate.

8. In paragraph 6, The above control unit, A battery management device characterized in that it is configured to compare the available lithium loss rate with a preset threshold value and diagnose the deterioration state of the battery based on the comparison result.

9. In paragraph 6, The above control unit, A battery management device characterized in that it is configured to set a charging condition of the battery based on the available lithium loss rate.

10. A battery pack comprising a battery management device according to any one of claims 1 to 9.

11. A profile acquisition step for acquiring a battery profile indicating the correspondence between the voltage and capacity of the battery; A profile adjustment step for generating a positive electrode profile and a negative electrode profile by adjusting a preset reference positive electrode profile and a reference negative electrode profile to correspond to the battery profile; and A battery management method comprising a diagnostic step of extracting parameters for the battery from at least one of the positive electrode profile and the negative electrode profile, and diagnosing an increase rate of available lithium of the battery based on the extracted parameters.

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