Pre-compensation method and device for non-terrestrial network-based communication environment

Abstract

Proposed is an operation method of a first device (100) in a wireless communication system. The method may comprise the steps of: receiving a first transmission from a base station (300); acquiring information related to pre-compensation on the basis of the first transmission; and transmitting the first transmission to a second device (200) by applying the pre-compensation.

Description

Pre-compensation method and device for non-terrestrial network-based communication environment

[0001] The present disclosure relates to a wireless communication system.

[0002] 5G NR, the successor to LTE (long-term evolution), is a new clean-slate mobile communications system characterized by high performance, low latency, and high availability. 5G NR can utilize all available spectrum resources, from low-frequency bands below 1 GHz, mid-frequency bands between 1 GHz and 10 GHz, and high-frequency (millimeter wave) bands above 24 GHz.

[0003] The 6G (wireless communication) system aims to achieve (i) very high data rates per device, (ii) a very large number of connected devices, (iii) global connectivity, (iv) very low latency, (v) low energy consumption for battery-free Internet of Things (IoT) devices, (vi) ultra-reliable connectivity, and (vii) connected intelligence with machine learning capabilities. The vision of the 6G system can be divided into four aspects: intelligent connectivity, deep connectivity, holographic connectivity, and ubiquitous connectivity, and the 6G system can satisfy the requirements as shown in Table 1 below. For example, Table 1 can represent an example of the requirements of a 6G system.

[0004] Maximum data rate per device: 1 Tbps, E2E latency: 1 ms, Maximum spectral efficiency: 100 bps / Hz, Mobility support: Up to 1000 km / hr, Satellite integration: Fully AI, Fully autonomous driving, Fully XR, Fully haptic communication

[0005] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a method can be provided that can be performed by a first device. For example, the method can include: receiving a first transmission from a base station; obtaining information related to pre-compensation based on the first transmission; and transmitting the first transmission to a second device by applying the pre-compensation.

[0006] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a first device may be provided. For example, the first device may include: at least one transceiver; at least one processor; and at least one memory coupled to the at least one processor and storing instructions. For example, the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, may cause the first device to: receive a first transmission from a base station; obtain information related to pre-compensation based on the first transmission; and transmit the first transmission to a second device by applying the pre-compensation.

[0007] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a processing device configured to control a first device may be provided. For example, the processing device may include: at least one processor; and at least one memory coupled to the at least one processor and storing instructions. For example, the instructions, based on execution by the at least one processor, may cause the first device to: receive a first transmission from a base station; obtain information related to pre-compensation based on the first transmission; and transmit the first transmission to a second device by applying the pre-compensation.

[0008] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having instructions recorded thereon may be provided. For example, the instructions, when executed, may cause a first device to: receive a first transmission from a base station; obtain information related to pre-compensation based on the first transmission; and transmit the first transmission to a second device by applying the pre-compensation.

[0009] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a method that can be performed by a second device can be provided. For example, the method includes: receiving a first transmission from a first device, wherein the first transmission is transmitted to the second device by applying pre-compensation by the first device; obtaining information related to pre-compensation, the information including ephemeris information, based on the first transmission; and performing direct communication with a base station based on the ephemeris information, wherein the information related to pre-compensation is obtained by the first device based on the first transmission, and the first transmission can be received by the first device from the base station.

[0010] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a second device may be provided. For example, the second device may include: at least one transceiver; at least one processor; and at least one memory coupled to the at least one processor and storing instructions. For example, the instructions, based on execution by the at least one processor, may cause the second device to: receive a first transmission from a first device, wherein the first transmission is transmitted to the second device by applying pre-compensation by the first device; obtain, based on the first transmission, information related to pre-compensation, including ephemeris information; and perform direct communication with a base station based on the ephemeris information, wherein the information related to pre-compensation is obtained by the first device based on the first transmission, and the first transmission may be received by the first device from the base station.

[0011] Figure 1 illustrates a device-to-device communication procedure according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0012] FIG. 2 illustrates a radio protocol architecture according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0013] FIG. 3 illustrates the structure of a wireless frame according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0014] FIG. 4 illustrates a slot structure of a frame according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0015] FIG. 5 illustrates an example of a BWP according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0016] FIG. 6 illustrates a communication structure that can be provided in a 6G system according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0017] FIG. 7 illustrates an example of a communication scenario based on a 6G system according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0018] FIG. 8 illustrates a TA component within a non-terrestrial network (e.g., NTN) according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0019] FIG. 9 illustrates a scheduling offset that can be applied in a non-terrestrial network (e.g., NTN) according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0020] FIG. 10 illustrates a terminal-specific TA and a common TA according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0021] FIG. 11 illustrates relaying performed by performing pre-compensation on a signal that has undergone time / frequency shifting, according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0022] FIG. 12 illustrates a device that performs direct communication with a base station based on a signal for which pre-compensation has been performed, according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0023] FIG. 13 illustrates a procedure of a method that can be performed by a first device according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0024] FIG. 14 illustrates a procedure of a method that can be performed by a second device according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0025] FIG. 15 illustrates a communication system (1) according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0026] FIG. 16 illustrates a wireless device according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0027] FIG. 17 illustrates a signal processing circuit for a transmission signal according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0028] FIG. 18 illustrates a wireless device according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0029] FIG. 19 illustrates a mobile device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0030] In this disclosure, "A or B" can mean "only A," "only B," or "both A and B." In other words, "A or B" in this disclosure can be interpreted as "A and / or B." For example, "A, B or C" in this disclosure can mean "only A," "only B," "only C," or "any combination of A, B and C."

[0031] As used herein, a slash ( / ) or a comma may mean "and / or." For example, "A / B" may mean "A and / or B." Accordingly, "A / B" may mean "only A," "only B," or "both A and B." For example, "A, B, C" may mean "A, B, or C."

[0032] In the present disclosure, “at least one of A and B” may mean “only A,” “only B,” or “both A and B.” Additionally, in the present disclosure, the expressions “at least one of A or B” or “at least one of A and / or B” may be interpreted identically to “at least one of A and B.”

[0033] Additionally, in the present disclosure, “at least one of A, B and C” can mean “only A,” “only B,” “only C,” or “any combination of A, B and C.” Additionally, “at least one of A, B or C” or “at least one of A, B and / or C” can mean “at least one of A, B and C.”

[0034] Additionally, parentheses used in the present disclosure may mean "for example." Specifically, when indicated as "control information (PDCCH)", "PDCCH" may be proposed as an example of "control information." In other words, "control information" in the present disclosure is not limited to "PDCCH," and "PDCCH" may be proposed as an example of "control information." Furthermore, even when indicated as "control information (e.g., PDCCH)", "PDCCH" may be proposed as an example of "control information."

[0035] In the following explanation, ‘when, if, in case of’ can be replaced with ‘based on’.

[0036] In the present disclosure, the device obtaining information may include the information being (pre-)set to the device, the information being received from another entity to the device, or the device generating the information.

[0037] Technical features individually described in one drawing in this disclosure may be implemented individually or simultaneously.

[0038] In the present disclosure, higher layer parameters may be parameters set for the terminal, preset, or predefined. For example, a base station or network may transmit higher layer parameters to the terminal. For example, the higher layer parameters may be transmitted via radio resource control (RRC) signaling or medium access control (MAC) signaling.

[0039] In the present disclosure, "setting or defining" may be interpreted as being set or preset to a device through predefined signaling (e.g., SIB, MAC, RRC, DCI (downlink control information), etc.) from a base station or a network. In the present disclosure, "setting or defining" may be interpreted as being set or preset to a device through predefined signaling (e.g., MAC, RRC, SCI (sidelink control information), device-to-device signaling control information, etc.) from another device. In the present disclosure, "setting or defining" may be interpreted as being set or preset to a device.

[0040] In the present disclosure, a user equipment (UE) may refer to a device, a portable device, a wireless device, etc. In the present disclosure, a base station (BS) may refer to a radio access network (RAN) node, a non-terrestrial network (NTN) cell / node, a transmission reception point (TRP), a network, an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) node, a device, a portable device, a wireless device, etc.

[0041] The technology proposed in the present disclosure can be used in various wireless communication systems such as CDMA (code division multiple access), FDMA (frequency division multiple access), TDMA (time division multiple access), OFDMA (orthogonal frequency division multiple access), and SC-FDMA (single carrier frequency division multiple access). CDMA can be implemented with wireless technologies such as UTRA (universal terrestrial radio access) or CDMA2000. TDMA can be implemented with wireless technologies such as GSM (global system for mobile communications) / GPRS (general packet radio service) / EDGE (enhanced data rates for GSM evolution). OFDMA can be implemented with wireless technologies such as IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) 802.11 (Wi-Fi), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX), IEEE 802-20, E-UTRA (evolved UTRA), LTE (long term evolution), and 5G NR.

[0042] The technology proposed in this disclosure can be implemented with 6G wireless technology and applied to various 6G systems. For example, 6G systems can have key factors such as enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), ultra-reliable low latency communications (URLLC), massive machine-type communication (mMTC), artificial intelligence (AI) integrated communication, tactile internet, high throughput, high network capacity, high energy efficiency, low backhaul and access network congestion, and enhanced data security.

[0043] FIG. 1 illustrates a device-to-device communication procedure according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 1 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0044] Referring to FIG. 1, in step S101, a first device and a second device can perform synchronization. For example, the first device can be a terminal and / or at least one of the devices proposed in the present disclosure. For example, the second device can be a base station, a network, a RAN node, an NTN node / cell, a TRP, a terminal and / or at least one of the devices proposed in the present disclosure. For example, the first device can perform an initial cell search operation. For example, the first device can detect at least one synchronization signal transmitted by the second device according to a predefined rule. Here, for example, the synchronization signal can include a plurality of synchronization signals classified according to a structure or purpose (e.g., a primary synchronization signal, a secondary synchronization signal, etc.). Through this, the first device can identify the boundaries of the frame, subframe, time unit, slot, and / or symbol of the second device, and the first device can obtain information about the second device (e.g., a cell identifier).

[0045] In step S103, the first device can obtain system information transmitted by the second device. For example, the system information may include information related to the properties, characteristics, and / or capabilities of the second device required to connect to the second device and use the service. For example, the system information may be classified according to content (e.g., whether it is essential for connection), transmission structure (e.g., the channel used, whether it is provided on-demand), etc. For example, the system information may be classified into a master information block (MIB) and a system information block (SIB). For example, if necessary, the first device may transmit a signal requesting system information before receiving the system information. For example, the request and provision of system information may be performed after a random access procedure described below.

[0046] In step S105, the first device and the second device can perform a random access procedure. For example, the first device can transmit and / or receive at least one message (e.g., a random access preamble, a random access response message, etc.) for the random access procedure based on information related to a random access channel of the second device obtained through system information (e.g., channel location, channel structure, structure of supported preamble, etc.). For example, the first device can transmit a preamble (e.g., Msg1) through the random access channel, the first device can receive a random access response message (e.g., Msg2), the first device can transmit a message (e.g., Msg3) including information related to the first device (e.g., identification information) to the second device using scheduling information included in the random access response message, and the first device can receive a message (e.g., Msg4) for contention resolution and / or connection establishment. For example, Msg1 and Msg3 can be sent and received as one message (e.g., MsgA), and / or Msg2 and Msg4 can be sent and received as one message (e.g., MsgB).

[0047] In step S107, the first device and the second device may perform signaling of control information. Here, for example, the control information may be defined in various layers, such as a layer that controls a connection (e.g., a radio resource control (RRC) layer), a layer that handles mapping between logical channels and transport channels (e.g., a media access control (MAC) layer), a layer that handles physical channels (e.g., a physical (PHY) layer), etc. For example, the first device and the second device may perform at least one of signaling for establishing a connection, signaling for determining settings related to communication, and / or signaling for indicating allocated resources. For example, the control information may be signaled / transmitted via a control channel. For example, the control information and / or the control channel may be used to schedule at least one of data, a data channel (e.g., a shared channel), and / or control information on the data channel.

[0048] In step S109, the first device and the second device may transmit and / or receive data. For example, the first device and the second device may process, transmit, and / or receive data based on signaling of control information. For example, when transmitting data, the first device or the second device may perform at least one of channel encoding, rate matching, scrambling, constellation mapping, layer mapping, waveform modulation, antenna mapping, and / or resource mapping on the information bits. For example, when receiving data, the first device or the second device may perform at least one of signal extraction from resources, waveform demodulation for each antenna, signal arrangement considering layer mapping, constellation demapping, descrambling, and / or channel decoding.

[0049] For example, the layers of a radio interface protocol between a first device and a second device can be divided into L1 (layer 1), L2 (layer 2), L3 (layer 3), etc. For example, a physical layer belonging to the first layer can provide an information transfer service using a physical channel, and an RRC (radio resource control) layer located in the third layer can play a role in controlling radio resources between the first device and the second device. For this purpose, for example, the RRC layer can exchange RRC messages between the first device and the second device.

[0050] FIG. 2 illustrates a radio protocol architecture according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 2 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted. For example, (a) of FIG. 2 may represent a radio protocol stack of a user plane for uplink communication or downlink communication, and (b) of FIG. 2 may represent a radio protocol stack of a control plane for uplink communication or downlink communication. For example, (c) of FIG. 2 may represent a radio protocol stack of a user plane for device-to-device communication, and (d) of FIG. 2 may represent a radio protocol stack of a control plane for device-to-device communication.

[0051] For example, the physical layer can provide information transmission services to upper layers using physical channels. For example, the physical layer can be connected to the upper layer, the medium access control (MAC) layer, through a transport channel. For example, data can be transmitted between the MAC layer and the physical layer through the transport channel. For example, transport channels can be classified according to how and with what characteristics data is transmitted over the wireless interface. For example, data can be transmitted between different physical layers, for example, between the physical layers of a first device and a second device, through the physical channel. For example, the physical channel can be modulated using an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) scheme, and time and frequency can be utilized as radio resources.

[0052] For example, the MAC layer can provide services to the upper layer, the radio link control (RLC) layer, through logical channels. For example, the MAC layer can provide a mapping function from multiple logical channels to multiple transport channels. For example, the MAC layer can provide a logical channel multiplexing function by mapping multiple logical channels to a single transport channel. For example, the MAC sublayer can provide data transmission services on logical channels.

[0053] For example, the RLC layer can perform concatenation, segmentation, and reassembly of RLC service data units (SDUs). For example, to guarantee the various quality of service (QoS) required by radio bearers (RBs), the RLC layer can provide three operating modes: transparent mode (TM), unacknowledged mode (UM), and acknowledged mode (AM). For example, AM RLC can provide error correction through automatic repeat request (ARQ).

[0054] For example, the RRC (radio resource control) layer can be defined only in the control plane. For example, the RRC layer can be responsible for controlling logical channels, transport channels, and physical channels in relation to the configuration, re-configuration, and release of radio bearers. For example, an RB can mean a logical path provided by a first layer (e.g., a physical layer) and a second layer (e.g., a MAC layer, an RLC layer, a PDCP (packet data convergence protocol) layer, a SDAP (service data adaptation protocol) layer, etc.) for data transmission between a first device and a second device.

[0055] For example, the functions of the PDCP layer in the user plane may include forwarding of user data, header compression, and ciphering. For example, the functions of the PDCP layer in the control plane may include forwarding of control plane data and ciphering / integrity protection.

[0056] For example, establishing an RB can refer to the process of defining the characteristics of the radio protocol layer and channel to provide a specific service, and setting specific parameters and operating methods for each. For example, RBs can be divided into two types: signaling radio bearers (SRBs) and data radio bearers (DRBs). For example, SRBs can be used as a channel to transmit RRC messages in the control plane, while DRBs can be used as a channel to transmit user data in the user plane.

[0057] For example, a downlink transmission channel may include at least one of a broadcast channel (BCH) for transmitting system information, and / or a downlink shared channel (SCH) for transmitting user traffic or control messages. For example, traffic or control messages of a downlink multicast or broadcast service may be transmitted through the downlink SCH, or may be transmitted through a separate downlink multicast channel (MCH). Meanwhile, an uplink transmission channel may include at least one of a random access channel (RACH) for transmitting initial control messages, and / or an uplink shared channel (SCH) for transmitting user traffic or control messages. For example, a logical channel located above a transmission channel and mapped to the transmission channel may include at least one of a broadcast control channel (BCCH), a paging control channel (PCCH), a common control channel (CCCH), a multicast control channel (MCCH), and / or a multicast traffic channel (MTCH).

[0058] FIG. 3 illustrates the structure of a wireless frame according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 3 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0059] Referring to FIG. 3, for example, a radio frame may be used in uplink transmission, downlink transmission, and / or device-to-device transmission. For example, a radio frame may have a length of 10 ms and may be defined as two 5 ms half-frames (HF). For example, a half-frame may include five 1 ms subframes (SF). For example, a subframe may be divided into one or more slots, and the number of slots within a subframe may be determined according to a subcarrier spacing (SCS). For example, each slot may include 12 or 14 OFDM (A) symbols, depending on a cyclic prefix (CP).

[0060] For example, when normal CP is used, each slot can contain 14 symbols. For example, when extended CP is used, each slot can contain 12 symbols. Here, for example, the symbols can contain OFDM symbols (or CP-OFDM symbols), SC-FDMA (single carrier-FDMA) symbols (or DFT-s-OFDM (Discrete Fourier Transform-spread-OFDM) symbols).

[0061] Table 2 below illustrates the number of symbols per slot (Nslotsymb), the number of slots per frame (Nframe,uslot), and the number of slots per subframe (Nsubframe,uslot) depending on the SCS setting (u) when normal CP or extended CP is used.

[0062] CP type SCS (15*2u )N slot symb N frame,u slot N subframe,u slot Normal CP15kHz (u=0)1410130kHz (u=1)1420260kHz (u=2)14404120kHz (u=3)14808240kHz (u=4)1416016Extended CP60kHz (u=2)12404

[0063] For example, OFDM(A) numerology (e.g., SCS, CP length, etc.) may be set differently between multiple cells that are merged into a single terminal. Accordingly, the (absolute time) interval of time resources (e.g., subframes, slots, or transmit time intervals (TTIs)) composed of the same number of symbols may be set differently between the merged cells. For example, in the present disclosure, time resources such as subframes, slots, TTIs, etc. may be referred to as time units.

[0064] For example, multiple numerologies, or SCSs, may be supported to support various services. For example, a 15 kHz SCS may support wide areas in traditional cellular bands, while a 30 kHz / 60 kHz SCS may support dense urban areas, lower latency, and wider carrier bandwidth. For example, a 60 kHz or higher SCS may support bandwidths greater than 24.25 GHz to overcome phase noise.

[0065] FIG. 4 illustrates a slot structure of a frame according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 4 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0066] Referring to FIG. 4, for example, a slot may include multiple symbols in the time domain. For example, a carrier may include multiple subcarriers in the frequency domain. For example, a resource block (RB) may be defined as multiple consecutive subcarriers in the frequency domain. For example, a bandwidth part (BWP) may be defined as multiple consecutive (P)RBs ((physical) resource blocks) in the frequency domain, and may correspond to one numerology (e.g., SCS, CP length, etc.). For example, a carrier may include at most N BWPs (where N is a positive integer). For example, data communication may be performed through an activated BWP. For example, each element may be referred to as a resource element (RE) in the resource grid, and one complex symbol may be mapped to it.

[0067] For example, a BWP may be a contiguous set of PRBs in a given numerology. For example, a PRB may be selected from a contiguous subset of common resource blocks (CRBs) for a given numerology on a given carrier.

[0068] For example, the BWP may be at least one of an active BWP, an initial BWP, and / or a default BWP. For example, the UE may not monitor the downlink radio link quality in a DL BWP other than the active DL BWP on the PCell (primary cell). For example, the UE may not receive a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH), a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH), or a channel state information-reference signal (CSI-RS) (except for radio resource management (RRM)) outside of the active DL BWP. For example, the UE may not trigger channel state information (CSI) reporting for an inactive DL BWP. For example, the UE may not transmit a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) or a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) outside of the active UL BWP. For example, for downlink, the initial BWP can be given as a set of consecutive resource blocks (RBs) for the remaining minimum system information (RMSI) CORESET (control resource set) (set by the physical broadcast channel (PBCH)). For uplink, for example, the initial BWP can be given by the system information block (SIB) for the random access procedure. For example, the default BWP can be set by a higher layer. For example, the initial value of the default BWP can be the initial DL BWP.For energy saving, if the terminal does not detect DCI (downlink control information) for a certain period of time, the terminal may switch its active BWP to a default BWP.

[0069] In the present disclosure, PSCCH may be replaced by a control channel, a physical control channel, a control channel associated with a sidelink, a physical control channel associated with a sidelink, a device-to-device physical control channel, etc. In the present disclosure, PSSCH may be replaced by a shared channel, a physical shared channel, a shared channel associated with a sidelink, a physical shared channel associated with a sidelink, a device-to-device physical shared channel, etc. For example, SL communication may be replaced by device-to-device communication. For example, in terms referring to various channels and / or signals associated with SL communication, the SL part may be replaced by "device-to-device."

[0070] In the present disclosure, PUCCH may be replaced by a control channel, a physical control channel, a control channel associated with uplink, a physical control channel associated with uplink, a device-to-base station physical control channel, a terminal-to-base station physical control channel, etc. In the present disclosure, PUSCH may be replaced by a shared channel, a physical shared channel, a shared channel associated with uplink, a physical shared channel associated with uplink, a device-to-base station physical shared channel, a terminal-to-base station physical shared channel, etc. For example, UL communication may be replaced by terminal-to-base station communication or device-to-base station communication. For example, in terms referring to various channels and / or signals associated with UL communication, the UL part may be replaced by "device-to-base station" or "terminal-to-base station."

[0071] In the present disclosure, PDCCH may be replaced by a control channel, a physical control channel, a downlink-related control channel, a downlink-related physical control channel, a base station-to-device physical control channel, a base station-to-terminal physical control channel, etc. In the present disclosure, PDSCH may be replaced by a shared channel, a physical shared channel, a downlink-related shared channel, a downlink-related physical shared channel, a base station-to-device physical shared channel, a base station-to-terminal physical shared channel, etc. For example, DL communication may be replaced by base station-to-device communication or base station-to-terminal communication. For example, the DL part in terms referring to various channels and / or signals related to DL communication may be replaced by "base station-to-device" or "base station-to-terminal."

[0072] FIG. 5 illustrates an example of a BWP according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 5 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted. In the embodiment of FIG. 5, it is assumed that there are three BWPs.

[0073] Referring to FIG. 5, for example, a common resource block (CRB) may be a carrier resource block numbered from one end of a carrier band to the other, and a PRB may be a numbered resource block within each BWP. For example, point A may indicate a common reference point for a resource block grid.

[0074] For example, BWP is point A, offset from point A (N start BWP ) and bandwidth (N size BWP) can be set by. For example, point A can be an outer reference point of the PRB of a carrier where subcarrier 0 of all numerologies (e.g., all numerologies supported by the network on that carrier) aligns. For example, the offset can be the PRB spacing between the lowest subcarrier in a given numerology and point A. For example, the bandwidth can be the number of PRBs in a given numerology.

[0075] FIG. 6 illustrates a communication structure that can be provided in a 6G system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 6 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0076] As core implementation technologies of the 6G system, technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI), THz (terahertz) communication, optical wireless technology, free-space optical transmission (FSO) backhaul networks, massive MIMO (multiple input multiple output) technology, blockchain, 3D networking, quantum communication, unmanned aerial vehicles, cell-free communication, wireless information and energy transfer (WIET), integration of sensing and communication, integration of access backhaul networks, holographic beamforming, big data analysis, and large intelligent surface (LIS) can be adopted.

[0077] - Artificial Intelligence: Incorporating AI into communications can streamline and improve real-time data transmission. AI can use numerous analytics to determine how complex target tasks should be performed. For example, AI can increase efficiency and reduce processing delays. Time-consuming tasks such as handovers, network selection, and resource scheduling can be performed instantly using AI. AI can also play a crucial role in machine-to-machine (M2M), machine-to-human, and human-to-machine communications. AI can also facilitate rapid communication in brain-computer interfaces (BCIs). AI-based communication systems can be supported by metamaterials, intelligent structures, intelligent networks, intelligent devices, intelligent cognitive radios, self-sustaining wireless networks, and machine learning.

[0078] - THz communication (terahertz communication): Data rates can be increased by increasing the bandwidth. This can be achieved by using sub-THz communication with wide bandwidths and applying advanced massive MIMO technology. THz waves, also known as sub-millimeter waves, typically refer to the frequency range between 0.1 THz and 10 THz, with corresponding wavelengths ranging from 0.03 mm to 3 mm. The 100 GHz to 300 GHz band (sub-THz band) is considered a key part of the THz spectrum for cellular communications. Adding the sub-THz band to the mmWave band will increase the capacity of 6G cellular communications. Among the defined THz bands, 300 GHz to 3 THz lies in the far infrared (IR) frequency band. While part of the optical band, the 300 GHz to 3 THz band lies at the boundary of the optical band, immediately following the RF band. Therefore, this 300 GHz to 3 THz band exhibits similarities to RF. Key characteristics of THz communications include (i) the widely available bandwidth to support very high data rates and (ii) the high path loss that occurs at high frequencies (requiring highly directional antennas). The narrow beamwidths generated by highly directional antennas reduce interference. The small wavelength of THz signals allows for a significantly larger number of antenna elements to be integrated into devices and base stations operating in this band. This enables the use of advanced adaptive array technologies to overcome range limitations.

[0079] - Large-scale MIMO technology

[0080] - Hologram beamforming (HBF)

[0081] - Optical wireless technology

[0082] - Free-space optical transmission backhaul network (FSO backhaul network)

[0083] - Quantum communication

[0084] - Cell-free communication

[0085] - Integration of wireless information and power transmission

[0086] - Integration of wireless communication and sensing

[0087] - Integrated access and backhaul network

[0088] - Big data analysis

[0089] - Reconfigurable intelligent surface

[0090] - metaverse

[0091] - Block chain

[0092] Advanced Air Mobility (AAM): AAM can be a broad concept encompassing urban air mobility (UAM), regional air mobility (RAM), and uncrewed aerial systems (UAS). For example, AAM can include UAM, RAM, UAS, and uncrewed aerial vehicles (UAVs).

[0093] - Autonomous driving (self-driving): V2X (vehicle to everything), a key element in building autonomous driving infrastructure, can be a technology that allows cars to communicate and share with various elements on the road for autonomous driving, such as vehicle to vehicle (V2V) wireless communication and vehicle to infrastructure (V2I) wireless communication.

[0094] Non-terrestrial network (NTN): NTN can refer to a network or network segment that utilizes radio frequency (RF) resources mounted on satellites (or UAS platforms). NTN services may be considered to secure wider coverage or provide wireless communication services in locations where the installation of wireless communication base stations is difficult.

[0095] - Integrated sensing and communication (ISAC): Wireless sensing is a technology that uses radio frequencies to determine the instantaneous linear velocity, angle, distance (range), etc. of an object, thereby obtaining information about the characteristics of the environment and / or objects within the environment.

[0096] - Reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS): RIS can be used to manipulate and enhance signal propagation in wireless communication environments. For example, a RIS can be composed of many small antennas, or metasurfaces, arranged on a surface, each of which can actively control the phase, amplitude, polarization, etc. of the reflected signal. For example, a RIS can improve signal reception by controlling the path, phase, and / or intensity of the propagating signal. For example, in the case of a RIS, power consumption can be very low because power is consumed only for controlling the phase and amplitude of the small antennas. For example, because a RIS can be reconfigured to suit different environments, it can meet diverse communication requirements and operate effectively in dynamic network environments.

[0097] FIG. 7 illustrates an example of a communication scenario based on a 6G system, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 7 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0098] Referring to FIG. 7, NTN communication can be performed based on satellite networks, high-altitude platform stations (HAPS) as international mobile telecommunications (IMT) base stations (BS), and terminals capable of aerial communication (e.g., AAMs). For example, to improve coverage, etc., devices such as satellite networks, HIBS, and terminals capable of aerial communication (e.g., AAMs) can act as relays. For example, an AAM can communicate with a base station, a satellite network, etc., and / or an AAM can communicate directly with a terminal, another AAM, etc.

[0099] FIG. 8 illustrates a TA component within a non-terrestrial network (e.g., NTN) according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 8 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0100] Referring to Figure 8, applicable TAs may be shown for regenerative payloads and transparent payloads. For example, in Figure 8, the TA offset N_(TAoffset) is not shown for simplicity of presentation, but this may not be intentionally excluded.

[0101] For example, the following solutions for timing advance (TA) of initial access and subsequent TA maintenance can be identified with the term definition diagram of FIG. 8.

[0102] Option 1: Autonomous TA acquisition at the terminal using known position and satellite orbit.

[0103] For example, in this case, the TA value required for a terminal-to-base station transmission (e.g., UL transmission) including a physical random access channel (e.g., PRACH) can be calculated by the terminal. This adjustment can be performed using a terminal-specific differential TA or a full TA (e.g., consisting of a terminal-specific differential TA and a common TA).

[0104] With respect to full TA compensation on the terminal side, both terminal-to-base station communication (e.g., UL communication) timing and network-side base station-to-terminal (e.g., DL) and terminal-to-base station (e.g., UL) frame timing can be aligned. However, for satellites with transparent payloads, further discussion on how to handle the impact of feeder links may be planned for standardization efforts. For example, if the impact caused by feeder links is not compensated for by the terminals through corresponding compensation, the network may need to additionally manage the timing offset between base station-to-terminal (e.g., DL) and terminal-to-base station (e.g., UL) frame timing.

[0105] For terminal-specific differential TAs only, additional indications regarding a single reference point may need to be signaled to terminals on a beam / cell-by-beam basis to achieve UL timing alignment between terminals within the same beam / cell coverage. Timing offsets between DL and UL frame timings on the network side may also need to be managed by the network, regardless of satellite payload type.

[0106] Due to concerns about the accuracy of the TA values ​​calculated by the terminal itself, it may be decided in the standardization work to send additional TA signaling from the network to the terminal to improve TA, for example, during initial connection and / or TA maintenance.

[0107] Option 2: Network-directed timing advance adjustment

[0108] In this way, a common TA representing the common component of propagation delay shared by all UEs within the same satellite beam / cell coverage can be broadcast by the network per satellite beam / cell. The computation of this common TA can be performed by the network assuming at least one reference point per satellite beam / cell.

[0109] Similar to prior art TA mechanisms, a network may also require indications for terminal-specific differential TA. For example, to accommodate the broader coverage of NTNs, an explicit or implicit extension of the TA indication value range in RAR may be identified. Whether negative TA values ​​are supported in such indications can be determined during the standardization phase.

[0110] Additionally, display of the timing drift rate from the network to the terminal may be supported, allowing TA to be adjusted on the terminal side.

[0111] When calculating the common TA for the two options above, a single reference point per beam can be considered the baseline. Whether and how to support multiple reference points will be further discussed in the standardization effort.

[0112] For example, for frequency compensation of terminal-to-base station communications (e.g., UL communications), the following solutions can be identified, at least for LEO systems, considering per-beam post-compensation of common frequency offsets on the network side:

[0113] 1. Estimation and pre-compensation of frequency offsets per terminal can all be performed on the terminal side. This value can be obtained using base station-to-terminal (e.g., DL) reference signals, terminal positions, and satellite orbits.

[0114] 2. At least in LEO systems, the frequency offset required for UL frequency correction can be indicated to the terminal from the network. This value can be obtained by detecting the terminal-to-base station (e.g., UL) signal (e.g., preamble) on the network side.

[0115] If frequency offset compensation is performed by the network in the uplink and / or downlink, indication of the compensated frequency offset value by the network may also be supported. However, indication of the Doppler drift rate may not be required.

[0116] Detailed signal design for the above improvements may be determined in the standardization effort.

[0117] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, there may be a delay-tolerant retransmission mechanism to disallow feedback (e.g., HARQ feedback) within an NR non-terrestrial network, or to optimize feedback (e.g., HARQ feedback) within an NR non-terrestrial network (e.g., NTN).

[0118] The round-trip time (RTT) of feedback (e.g., HARQ feedback) in NR can be on the order of a few milliseconds. Propagation delays within non-terrestrial networks (e.g., NTN) can be much longer, from a few milliseconds to hundreds of milliseconds, depending on the satellite orbit. The round-trip time (RTT) of feedback (e.g., HARQ feedback) can be significantly longer in non-terrestrial networks (e.g., NTN).

[0119] If terminal-to-base station feedback (e.g., UL HARQ feedback) is disabled, problems may occur if (i) the terminal does not receive MAC CE and RRC signals or (ii) the base station (e.g., gNB) does not correctly receive base station-to-terminal packets (e.g., DL packets) for a long period of time without the base station's knowledge.

[0120] For example, if feedback (e.g., HARQ feedback) is disabled, the following may need to be discussed:

[0121] 1. Instructing the deactivation of feedback (e.g., HARQ feedback) via base station-to-terminal control information (e.g., DCI) in the new / reinterpreted field.

[0122] 2. Feedback of new terminal-to-base station control information (e.g., UCI) for reporting base station-to-terminal transmission (e.g., DL transmission) or requesting a change in base station-to-terminal (e.g., DL) scheduling.

[0123] The following improvements to slot aggregation or blind repetition may be considered:

[0124] 1. Slot aggregation of 8 or more slots

[0125] 2. Time-interleaved slot aggregation

[0126] 3. New modulation coding scheme (e.g., MCS) table

[0127] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a solution may be provided to avoid a reduction in peak data rates in a non-terrestrial network (e.g., NTN). For example, the solution may increase the number of feedback processes (e.g., HARQ processes) in response to increasing satellite round-trip delay to avoid stalls in the feedback (e.g., HARQ feedback) procedure. For example, the solution may disable terminal-to-base station feedback (e.g., UL HARQ feedback) and rely on RLC ARQ for stability to avoid stalls in the feedback (e.g., HARQ feedback) procedure.

[0128] For example, the following two options may be considered:

[0129] Option 1: Maintain 16 feedback process (e.g., HARQ process) IDs and rely on RLC ARQ for feedback processes (e.g., HARQ processes) that do not allow UE-to-base station feedback (e.g., HARQ feedback) via RRC.

[0130] Option 2: Allowing UE-to-base station feedback (e.g., HARQ feedback) via RRC, taking into account maintaining 16 or more feedback process (e.g., HARQ process) IDs and a 4-bit feedback process (e.g., HARQ process) ID field in the base station-to-base station control information (e.g., DCI).

[0131] For example, the following solutions may be considered for 16 or more feedback process (e.g., HARQ process) IDs when a 4-bit feedback process (e.g., HARQ process) ID field is maintained in the base station-to-terminal control information (e.g., DCI).

[0132] 1. Slot number-based solution

[0133] 2. Virtual process ID based on feedback (e.g., HARQ feedback)-based retransmission timing constraints

[0134] 3. A solution that reuses feedback process (e.g., HARQ process) IDs within RTD (time window).

[0135] 4. A solution that reinterprets the existing base station-to-terminal control information (e.g., DCI) field using assistance information from the upper layer.

[0136] 5. Solution to increase the feedback process (e.g., HARQ) process ID field to 4 bits or more.

[0137] The following options may be considered with regard to improving soft buffer management and feedback (e.g., HARQ feedback) to reduce pause and wait times:

[0138] Option 1: Reduce stall time with pre-activation / pre-proactive feedback (e.g., HARQ feedback)

[0139] Option 2: Enable / disable the use of configurable feedback buffers (e.g., HARQ buffers) per terminal and per feedback process (e.g., HARQ process).

[0140] Option 3: Reporting the status of feedback buffers (e.g., HARQ buffers) from the terminal.

[0141] For example, additional considerations regarding the number of feedback processes (e.g., HARQ processes) with additional considerations for feedback (e.g., HARQ feedback), feedback buffer (e.g., HARQ buffer) size, RLC feedback and RLC ARQ buffer size can be discussed.

[0142] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, in order to secure wider coverage or to provide wireless communication services in places where it is not easy to install wireless communication base stations, the use of NR non-terrestrial network (e.g., NTN) or LTE non-terrestrial network (e.g., NTN) services may be considered.

[0143] For example, while existing terrestrial network (e.g., TN; terrestrial network) services such as NR and LTE installed base stations on the ground to provide wireless communication services to terminals, non-terrestrial network (e.g., NTN) services may mean providing wireless communication services to terminals by installing base stations in non-ground locations, including satellites (e.g., geostationary orbit satellites, low-orbit satellites, medium-orbit satellites, etc.), airplanes, unmanned aerial vehicles, drones, etc., instead of installing base stations on the ground. For example, the non-terrestrial network (e.g., NTN) may also include scenarios such as HAPS (high altitude platform station) and ATG (air to ground).

[0144] For example, in non-terrestrial networks (e.g., NTN), frequency division multiplexing (FDM) technology may be primarily considered. This may not completely exclude time division multiplexing (TDM). For example, in non-terrestrial networks (e.g., NTN), terminals may be assumed to have GNSS capabilities.

[0145] FIG. 9 illustrates a scheduling offset applicable in a non-terrestrial network (e.g., NTN) according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 9 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0146] Referring to Figure 9, scheduling offsets K_offset and K_mac that can be applied in a non-terrestrial network (e.g., NTN) are shown. Here, K_offset may be an offset value indicating the round-trip time (RTT) of a terminal-to-base station time synchronization reference point (RP). For example, this may mean the sum of the service link RTT and the common TA (if indicated). K_mac may be an offset value indicating the round-trip time (RTT) between the RP and the gNB.

[0147] FIG. 10 illustrates a terminal-specific TA and a common TA according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 10 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0148] Referring to Figure 10, a gNB, a satellite, a first terminal, and a second terminal are shown. In a non-terrestrial network (e.g., NTN), a terminal can calculate its own timing advance (TA) based on its GNSS capabilities and base station indication information (e.g., ephemeris information), which can be referred to as a terminal-specific TA.

[0149] Additionally, a TA calculated based on the common TA parameters indicated by the base station can be named a common TA, and the final TA derived based on this can be as follows.

[0150] The terminal-to-base station frame number i for transmission from the terminal can start as far in advance as T_TA = (N_TA + N_TA,offset + N^COMMON_TA,adj + N^UE_TA,adj) from the start of the corresponding base station-to-terminal frame.

[0151] At this time, N_TA = 0 may be used for terminal-to-base station physical shared channel (e.g., PUSCH) transmission.

[0152] At this time, N^COMMON_TA,adj can be derived by the upper layer parameters TACommon, TACommonDrift, and TACommonDriftVariation, or can be 0.

[0153] At this time, N^UE_TA,adj can be calculated by the terminal based on the terminal's position and the astronomical upper layer parameters of the serving satellite, or it can be 0.

[0154] Meanwhile, the next system may be configured in a form in which a terrestrial network (e.g., TN; terrestrial network) and a non-terrestrial network (e.g., NTN; non-terrestrial network) are integrated, and in the above situation, the distinction between the terrestrial network (e.g., TN) and the non-terrestrial network (e.g., NTN) may not be explicit.

[0155] Meanwhile, for example, at the terminal end, it is possible to distinguish whether the network is a terrestrial network (e.g., TN) or a non-terrestrial network (e.g., NTN) or to classify it into categories corresponding thereto, and perform optimized operations for each case.

[0156] The combination of various embodiments of the present disclosure may be applied differently depending on the payload type of the satellite (e.g., regenerative payload or transparent payload).

[0157] The various combinations of embodiments of the present disclosure may be applied differently depending on the type of non-terrestrial network node (e.g., GEO, NGEO, LEO, MEO, HASP, or drone), altitude, fixed beam footprint, or cell-moving beam footprint.

[0158] Meanwhile, communication between non-terrestrial nodes and terminals may result in excessive residual time-and / or-frequency shift during transmission and reception, depending on whether and to what extent time-and / or-frequency shift is (pre-)compensated, and a base station-to-terminal transmission (e.g., DL transmission) and / or terminal-to-base station transmission (e.g., UL transmission) method may be required to overcome this.

[0159] Meanwhile, in the next system, non-terrestrial network (e.g., NTN) operation may be supported even when the terminal cannot estimate its position or the position estimation accuracy is significantly low. In such cases, it may be difficult to expect pre-compensation for time and / or frequency offset based on the received ephemeris information and the terminal's position at the terminal end. The above phenomenon may vary depending on the terminal, and whether or not pre-compensation for ephemeris information and / or time and / or frequency offset may vary depending on the terminal's capabilities and / or the situation in which the terminal is located.

[0160] Meanwhile, even if the terminal's capabilities are insufficient, if the terminal can compensate for the time and / or frequency offset in advance with the help of additional information or a third-party node, direct communication with a non-terrestrial network (e.g., NTN) base station node may be (easily) possible for the terminal. For example, even if the terminal cannot directly compensate for the time and / or frequency offset in the initial stage, after obtaining the relevant information, it can perform direct communication with a non-terrestrial network (e.g., NTN) base station node through the compensation.

[0161] For example, among terminals receiving a synchronization signal and / or a physical broadcast channel (e.g., PBCH; physical broadcast channel) and / or ephemeris information from a non-terrestrial network (e.g., NTN) base station node, a specific terminal may transmit all or a part of the received base station-to-terminal signal (e.g., DL signal) to (surrounding) other terminals and / or provide related information. In the case of non-terrestrial network (e.g., NTN) communication, the time difference between the reception timing of a synchronization signal transmitted by a base station node and the reception timing of a synchronization signal relayed by another specific terminal may be sufficiently small due to the fundamentally very high altitude.

[0162] For example, in the present disclosure, relaying may be an operation in which a device transmits a signal it has received to another device as is. And / or, for example, in the present disclosure, relaying may be an operation in which a device transmits a signal it has received as is on a different time / frequency resource. And / or, for example, in the present disclosure, relaying may be an operation in which a device transmits information obtained from a signal it has received to another device.

[0163] For example, the specific terminal may be a very small aperture terminal (VSAT) and / or a terminal supporting circular polarization. For example, the specific terminal may be configured and / or directed by a base station node.

[0164] For example, the specific terminal may be a terminal in which a reference signal received power (e.g., RSRP; reference signal received power) measurement value based on a reference signal received by the terminal from the base station node is equal to or less than a first threshold value (set and / or indicated by the base station node). Limiting the specific terminal in this way may help increase coverage for an area of ​​a cell edge, for example.

[0165] For example, the specific terminal may be a terminal when a reference signal reception power (e.g., RSRP) measurement value based on a reference signal received from a base station node to the terminal is equal to or exceeds a second threshold value (set and / or indicated by the base station node). By limiting the specific terminal in this way, for example, a terminal that has received a synchronization signal, a physical broadcast channel (e.g., PBCH), and / or ephemeris information from a base station node with high reliability can support a terminal that has insufficient peripheral capabilities and / or has a poor channel environment.

[0166] For example, the specific terminal may transmit and / or relay the base station-to-terminal signal (e.g., DL signal) it has received to another (surrounding) terminal in the form of (re)base station-to-terminal transmission (e.g., DL transmission).

[0167] For example, a specific terminal may transmit and / or relay a base station-to-terminal signal (e.g., a DL signal) to another terminal based on a base station-to-terminal frame boundary (e.g., a DL frame boundary) determined based on a synchronization signal received from a base station node, etc.

[0168] For example, resources for a base station-to-terminal signal (e.g., DL signal) relayed by the specific terminal and resources for a base station-to-terminal signal (e.g., DL signal) received by the specific terminal can be distinguished from each other.

[0169] And / or, for example, resources for a base station-to-terminal signal (e.g., DL signal) relayed by the specific terminal and resources for a base station-to-terminal signal (e.g., DL signal) received by the specific terminal may be different in the time axis and / or different in the frequency axis.

[0170] For example, a base station node may configure and / or instruct a specific terminal to configure base station-to-terminal resources (e.g., DL resources) for relaying. For example, the base station-to-terminal resources (e.g., DL resources) for relaying by the specific terminal may be determined according to a predetermined method for each corresponding base station-to-terminal resource (e.g., DL resource).

[0171] In various embodiments of the present disclosure, the assumptions regarding the base station-to-terminal signal (e.g., DL signal) for relaying may differ between the terminal performing the relaying and the terminal expecting to receive the relayed signal. For example, in the former case, the base station node may set its resources considering signaling overhead and the burden on the terminal, while in the latter case, the terminal may basically attempt to detect the relayed base station-to-terminal signal (e.g., DL signal).

[0172] For example, when a specific terminal relays a base station-to-terminal signal (e.g., a DL signal) received, the specific terminal may indicate information related to whether the relayed base station-to-terminal signal (e.g., a DL signal) is transmitted from a base station node or a specific terminal, and / or may indicate this through a sequence for a synchronization signal.

[0173] For example, when relaying a base station-to-terminal signal (e.g., a DL signal) received by a specific terminal, the base station-to-terminal signal (e.g., a DL signal) may be relayed in a form in which time axis and / or frequency axis offsets are (pre-)compensated based on the base station-to-terminal signal (e.g., a synchronization signal) received by the terminal from the base station node, and / or a (pre-)compensation value related to the (pre-)compensation may be provided to another terminal (together with the base station-to-terminal signal (e.g., a DL signal)).

[0174] For example, a terminal may expect and / or perform reception of all or part of a base station-to-terminal signal (e.g., a DL signal) relayed from another terminal.

[0175] For example, a terminal may be provided with time axis and / or frequency axis (pre)compensation values ​​for communication with a base station node from another terminal, and / or the terminal may perform direct communication with the base station node (at a later time) using the (pre)compensation values.

[0176] For example, if a terminal receives all or part of a base station-to-terminal signal (e.g., a DL signal) relayed from another terminal, the terminal may perform subsequent operations (e.g., synchronization process and / or cell (re)selection and / or network access) for the relevant base station-to-terminal signal (e.g., a DL signal) only under certain circumstances.

[0177] For example, the specific situation may be that the reference signal reception power (e.g., RSRP) measured by the terminal based on a base station-to-terminal signal (e.g., DL signal) relayed from another terminal is equal to or greater than a third threshold value (set and / or indicated by the base station node or indicated by the another terminal). For example, in this case, the distance between terminals may be adjusted to be below a certain level, and the difference between the distance or RTT (round trip time) between the base station and the terminal and the total distance or total RTT from the base station to the relaying terminal to the final terminal via relaying may be reduced.

[0178] For example, the specific situation may include a case where the distance between a terminal and another terminal is below a certain level.

[0179] Although various embodiments of the present disclosure have described an operation in which a specific terminal relays (after pre-compensation) all or part of a received base station-to-terminal signal (e.g., DL signal) via base station-to-terminal communication (e.g., downlink), the spirit of the present disclosure can be extended and applied even when the relaying resource is another link (e.g., terminal-to-base station communication (e.g., uplink) and / or terminal-to-terminal communication (e.g., sidelink)).

[0180] Although the relaying method has been described in various embodiments of the present disclosure, the idea of ​​the present disclosure can also be extended to a method in which a specific terminal receives a base station-to-terminal signal (e.g., DL signal) from a base station node and generates a third signal based on the received signal (to facilitate direct communication with a non-terrestrial network (e.g., NTN) base station node of a peripheral terminal).

[0181] Although the relaying method has been described in various embodiments of the present disclosure, the idea of ​​the present disclosure can be extended and applied to a method in which a specific terminal receives a base station-to-terminal signal (e.g., a DL signal) from a base station node and generates a third signal based on the received signal (to facilitate direct communication with a non-terrestrial network (e.g., NTN) base station node of a peripheral terminal).

[0182] The combination of embodiments of the present disclosure can operate in conjunction with each other.

[0183] Various embodiments of the present disclosure may be applied differently depending on the link type (e.g., downlink, uplink, sidelink), the data type (e.g., system information block (SIB), groupcast, unicast), the search space type (e.g., common search space (CSS), UE-specific search space (USS)) in which the scheduling physical base station-to-terminal control channel (e.g., PDCCH) is detected, the base station node type, the altitude, and / or the presence or absence of a power constraint.

[0184] For example, combinations of various embodiments of the present disclosure may be applied only in cases involving SIB transmission.

[0185] FIG. 11 illustrates relaying performed by performing pre-compensation on a signal that has undergone time / frequency shifting, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 11 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0186] Referring to FIG. 11, in step S1110, a base station (e.g., a non-terrestrial network base station) may transmit a first signal. At this time, for example, the first signal may be affected by time shift and / or frequency shift due to propagation path characteristics. For example, the destination of the first signal may be a second device.

[0187] The first device is a device capable of directly receiving the first signal (e.g., a device capable of normally receiving a signal that has undergone time / frequency shifting), and can perform a function of compensating (e.g., pre-compensating) for the time / frequency shifting experienced by the received first signal. For example, the first device can perform processing such as synchronization estimation and Doppler compensation on the first signal, thereby preparing the second device to receive the first signal if relayed.

[0188] In step S1120, the first device can transmit (e.g., relay) the pre-compensated first signal to the second device. The second device may be a device that cannot directly receive a signal from the base station (e.g., a non-terrestrial network base station) (e.g., a device that cannot directly receive a signal that has undergone time / frequency shifting), and can receive the pre-compensated first signal relayed from the first device.

[0189] According to this embodiment, the problem of reception quality degradation due to time / frequency shift occurring in a non-terrestrial network-based communication environment can be effectively alleviated, and service quality can be guaranteed even for terminals that have difficulty in direct reception.

[0190] FIG. 12 illustrates a device that performs direct communication with a base station based on a signal for which pre-compensation has been performed, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 12 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0191] Referring to FIG. 12, a first device capable of direct communication with a base station through a channel that undergoes time / frequency shifting and a second device that cannot directly communicate with the base station through the channel are shown. In step S1210, the first device performs pre-compensation on a first signal received from the base station (that has undergone time / frequency shifting) so that the first signal can be transmitted (relayed) to the second device.

[0192] For example, the second device can obtain information related to pre-compensation (or information related to time / frequency shift) based on the first signal.

[0193] In step S1220, the second device can perform direct communication with the base station based on the information related to the pre-compensation (or information related to time / frequency shift). For example, if the base station transmits a signal in the same manner as before (without pre-compensation), the second device can perform a pre-compensation operation for reception based on the information related to the pre-compensation (or information related to time / frequency shift), and can normally receive the signal transmitted by the base station.

[0194] According to the present embodiment, a communication structure that can flexibly respond to the uncertainty and mobility of a non-terrestrial network-based communication environment can be provided, and even if a device has difficulty in receiving considering time / frequency shift, if it has the capability to perform a pre-compensation operation, smooth communication with a non-terrestrial network base station can be enabled.

[0195] The above proposed method can be applied to the device described below. First, the processor (202) of the receiving terminal can set at least one partial bandwidth (e.g., BWP; bandwidth part). Then, the processor (202) of the receiving terminal can control the transceiver (206) of the receiving terminal to receive a physical channel related to terminal-to-terminal communication (e.g., sidelink) and / or a reference signal related to terminal-to-terminal communication (e.g., sidelink) from the transmitting terminal on at least one partial bandwidth (e.g., BWP).

[0196] A non-terrestrial network (NTN) can refer to a base station or network that supports wireless communications, but is not located on the ground but rather in the air or orbit. Non-terrestrial networks can include drones, satellites, and other devices. Depending on the payload type, these networks can include transparent payload networks and regenerative payload networks.

[0197] For example, in non-terrestrial network communication, if a terminal cannot receive ephemeris information, it may need to be able to tolerate high Doppler shifts. While some terminals can communicate directly with the base station after ephemeris-based pre-compensation, direct communication before that may be difficult or inefficient.

[0198] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a device (relaying device) capable of receiving a transmission from a base station (e.g., NTN) for which pre-compensation is not performed can receive the transmission and transmit the signal for which pre-compensation is not performed to a target device of the base station that cannot receive the signal (before performing its own pre-compensation operation), and pre-compensation can be performed on the transmitted signal by the relaying device.

[0199] For example, a specific terminal may relay (transmit) all or part of a signal received from a non-terrestrial network node to a neighboring terminal, and the transmitted signal may be a signal to which time / frequency pre-compensation has been applied by the specific terminal. And / or, for example, the specific terminal may provide pre-compensation information to a neighboring terminal, and the neighboring terminal that receives the information may thereafter directly communicate with the non-terrestrial network node.

[0200] According to various embodiments of the present disclosure, even if a device cannot receive a signal for which the base station has not performed pre-compensation, direct communication with the base station can be achieved through signal transmission by a device capable of performing pre-compensation on the signal and transmitting it. Furthermore, for example, this can result in the efficient support of non-terrestrial network-based communication methods for various terminal capabilities.

[0201] FIG. 13 illustrates a procedure of a method that may be performed by a first device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 13 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0202] Referring to FIG. 13, in step S1310, a first device may receive a first transmission from a base station. In step S1320, the first device may obtain information related to pre-compensation based on the first transmission. In step S1330, the first device may transmit the first transmission to a second device by applying the pre-compensation.

[0203] For example, additionally, the first device may transmit information related to the pre-compensation to the second device.

[0204] For example, information related to the above pre-compensation may include ephemeris information.

[0205] For example, additionally, the first device may transmit information related to the pre-compensation to the second device. For example, direct communication between the base station and the second device may be performed based on the ephemeris information.

[0206] For example, the direct communication may be performed after the first transmission is transmitted to the second device.

[0207] For example, information related to the above pre-compensation may be included in the first transmission.

[0208] For example, the pre-compensation may be compensation for a time shift or a frequency shift.

[0209] For example, information related to the above pre-compensation can be obtained based on a synchronization signal included in the first transmission.

[0210] For example, the first transmission may include at least one of a synchronization signal, a physical broadcast channel transmission, or ephemeris information.

[0211] For example, additionally, the first device may transmit information related to relaying by the first device to the second device based on the first transmission being transmitted to the second device.

[0212] For example, additionally, the first device may receive a second transmission including a synchronization signal from the base station. For example, information related to the pre-compensation may be obtained based on the first transmission and the second transmission.

[0213] For example, the base station may be a non-terrestrial network base station.

[0214] The above-described embodiment can be applied to various devices described below. First, the processor (102) of the first device (100) can control the transceiver (106) to receive a first transmission from the base station (300). Then, the processor (102) of the first device (100) can obtain information related to pre-compensation based on the first transmission. Then, the processor (102) of the first device (100) can control the transceiver (206) to transmit the first transmission to the second device (200) by applying the pre-compensation.

[0215] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a first device may be provided. For example, the first device may include: at least one transceiver; at least one processor; and at least one memory coupled to the at least one processor and storing instructions. For example, the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, may cause the first device to: receive a first transmission from a base station; obtain information related to pre-compensation based on the first transmission; and transmit the first transmission to a second device by applying the pre-compensation.

[0216] For example, additionally, the commands may cause the first device to: transmit information related to the pre-compensation to the second device.

[0217] For example, information related to the above pre-compensation may include ephemeris information.

[0218] For example, additionally, the commands may cause the first device to: cause the first device to: transmit information related to the pre-compensation to the second device. For example, direct communication between the base station and the second device may be performed based on the ephemeris information.

[0219] For example, the direct communication may be performed after the first transmission is transmitted to the second device.

[0220] For example, information related to the above pre-compensation may be included in the first transmission.

[0221] For example, the pre-compensation may be compensation for a time shift or a frequency shift.

[0222] For example, information related to the above pre-compensation can be obtained based on a synchronization signal included in the first transmission.

[0223] For example, the first transmission may include at least one of a synchronization signal, a physical broadcast channel transmission, or ephemeris information.

[0224] For example, additionally, the commands may cause the first device to: transmit information related to relaying by the first device to the second device based on the first transmission being transmitted to the second device.

[0225] For example, additionally, the commands may cause the first device to: receive a second transmission comprising a synchronization signal from the base station. For example, information related to the pre-compensation may be obtained based on the first transmission and the second transmission.

[0226] For example, the base station may be a non-terrestrial network base station.

[0227] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a processing device configured to control a first device may be provided. For example, the processing device may include: at least one processor; and at least one memory coupled to the at least one processor and storing instructions. For example, the instructions, based on execution by the at least one processor, may cause the first device to: receive a first transmission from a base station; obtain information related to pre-compensation based on the first transmission; and transmit the first transmission to a second device by applying the pre-compensation.

[0228] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having instructions recorded thereon may be provided. For example, the instructions, when executed, may cause a first device to: receive a first transmission from a base station; obtain information related to pre-compensation based on the first transmission; and transmit the first transmission to a second device by applying the pre-compensation.

[0229] FIG. 14 illustrates a procedure of a method that may be performed by a second device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 14 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0230] Referring to FIG. 14, in step S1410, a second device may receive a first transmission from a first device. For example, the first transmission may be transmitted to the second device by applying pre-compensation by the first device. In step S1420, the second device may obtain information related to pre-compensation, including ephemeris information, based on the first transmission. In step S1430, the second device may perform direct communication with a base station based on the ephemeris information. For example, the information related to pre-compensation may be obtained by the first device based on the first transmission, and the first transmission may be received by the first device from the base station.

[0231] For example, the first transmission may be relayed by the first device to the second device.

[0232] For example, additionally, the second device may receive information related to the pre-compensation from the first device.

[0233] For example, the direct communication may be performed after the first transmission is received by the second device.

[0234] For example, information related to the above pre-compensation may be included in the first transmission.

[0235] For example, the pre-compensation may be compensation for a time shift or a frequency shift.

[0236] For example, information related to the above pre-compensation can be obtained based on a synchronization signal included in the first transmission.

[0237] For example, the first transmission may include at least one of a synchronization signal, a physical broadcast channel transmission, or ephemeris information.

[0238] For example, additionally, the second device may receive information related to relaying by the first device from the first device. For example, the information related to relaying by the first device may be transmitted from the first device based on the first transmission being transmitted to the second device.

[0239] For example, information related to the pre-compensation may be obtained based on the first transmission and the second transmission, the second transmission may include a synchronization signal, and the second transmission may be transmitted from the base station to the first device.

[0240] For example, the base station may be a non-terrestrial network base station.

[0241] The above-described embodiment can be applied to various devices described below. First, the processor (202) of the second device (200) can control the transceiver (206) to receive a first transmission from the first device (100). For example, the first transmission can be transmitted to the second device (200) by applying pre-compensation by the first device (100). Then, the processor (202) of the second device (200) can obtain information related to pre-compensation, including ephemeris information, based on the first transmission. Then, the processor (202) of the second device (200) can control the transceiver (206) to perform direct communication with the base station (300) based on the ephemeris information. For example, information related to the above pre-compensation is obtained by the first device (100) based on the first transmission, and the first transmission can be received by the first device (100) from the base station (300).

[0242] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a second device may be provided. For example, the second device may include: at least one transceiver; at least one processor; and at least one memory coupled to the at least one processor and storing instructions. For example, the instructions, based on execution by the at least one processor, may cause the second device to: receive a first transmission from a first device, wherein the first transmission is transmitted to the second device by applying pre-compensation by the first device; obtain, based on the first transmission, information related to pre-compensation, including ephemeris information; and perform direct communication with a base station based on the ephemeris information, wherein the information related to pre-compensation is obtained by the first device based on the first transmission, and the first transmission may be received by the first device from the base station.

[0243] For example, the first transmission may be relayed by the first device to the second device.

[0244] For example, additionally, the commands may cause the second device to: receive information related to the pre-compensation from the first device.

[0245] For example, the direct communication may be performed after the first transmission is received by the second device.

[0246] For example, information related to the above pre-compensation may be included in the first transmission.

[0247] For example, the pre-compensation may be compensation for a time shift or a frequency shift.

[0248] For example, information related to the above pre-compensation can be obtained based on a synchronization signal included in the first transmission.

[0249] For example, the first transmission may include at least one of a synchronization signal, a physical broadcast channel transmission, or ephemeris information.

[0250] For example, additionally, the commands may cause the second device to: receive information related to relaying by the first device from the first device. For example, the information related to relaying by the first device may be transmitted from the first device based on the first transmission being transmitted to the second device.

[0251] For example, information related to the pre-compensation may be obtained based on the first transmission and the second transmission, the second transmission may include a synchronization signal, and the second transmission may be transmitted from the base station to the first device.

[0252] For example, the base station may be a non-terrestrial network base station.

[0253] The various embodiments of the present disclosure may be combined with each other, and descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the various embodiments may be omitted.

[0254] Below, a description is given of devices to which various embodiments of the present disclosure can be applied.

[0255] Although not limited thereto, the various descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods and / or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document may be applied to various fields requiring wireless communication / connectivity (e.g., 5G) between devices.

[0256] Hereinafter, more specific examples will be provided with reference to the drawings. In the drawings / descriptions below, the same drawing reference numerals may represent identical or corresponding hardware blocks, software blocks, or functional blocks, unless otherwise described.

[0257] FIG. 15 illustrates a communication system (1) according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 15 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0258] Referring to FIG. 15, a communication system (1) to which various embodiments of the present disclosure are applied includes a wireless device, a base station, and a network. Here, the wireless device refers to a device that performs communication using a wireless access technology (e.g., 5G NR (New RAT), LTE (Long Term Evolution)) and may be referred to as a communication / wireless / 5G device. Although not limited thereto, the wireless device may include a robot (100a), a vehicle (100b-1, 100b-2), an XR (eXtended Reality) device (100c), a hand-held device (100d), a home appliance (100e), an IoT (Internet of Things) device (100f), and an AI device / server (400). For example, the vehicle may include a vehicle equipped with a wireless communication function, an autonomous vehicle, a vehicle capable of performing vehicle-to-vehicle communication, etc. Here, the vehicle may include an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) (e.g., a drone) and / or an Aerial Vehicle (AV) (e.g., an Advanced Air Mobility (AAM)). The XR device may include an Augmented Reality (AR) / Virtual Reality (VR) / Mixed Reality (MR) device, and may be implemented in the form of a Head-Mounted Device (HMD), a Head-Up Display (HUD) equipped in a vehicle, a television, a smartphone, a computer, a wearable device, a home appliance, a digital signage, a vehicle, a robot, etc. The portable device may include a smartphone, a smart pad, a wearable device (e.g., a smart watch, smart glasses), a computer (e.g., a laptop, etc.), etc. The home appliance may include a TV, a refrigerator, a washing machine, etc. The IoT device may include a sensor, a smart meter, etc. For example, a base station and a network may also be implemented as a wireless device, and a specific wireless device (200a) may operate as a base station / network node to other wireless devices.

[0259] Here, the wireless communication technology implemented in the wireless devices (100a to 100f) of the present disclosure may include not only LTE, NR, and 6G, but also Narrowband Internet of Things for low-power communication. At this time, for example, NB-IoT technology may be an example of LPWAN (Low Power Wide Area Network) technology, and may be implemented with standards such as LTE Cat NB1 and / or LTE Cat NB2, and is not limited to the above-described names. Additionally or alternatively, the wireless communication technology implemented in the wireless devices (100a to 100f) of the present disclosure may perform communication based on LTE-M technology. At this time, for example, LTE-M technology may be an example of LPWAN technology, and may be called by various names such as eMTC (enhanced Machine Type Communication). For example, LTE-M technology can be implemented by at least one of various standards such as 1) LTE CAT 0, 2) LTE Cat M1, 3) LTE Cat M2, 4) LTE non-BL (non-Bandwidth Limited), 5) LTE-MTC, 6) LTE Machine Type Communication, and / or 7) LTE M, and is not limited to the above-described names. Additionally or alternatively, the wireless communication technology implemented in the wireless devices (100a to 100f) of the present disclosure can include at least one of ZigBee, Bluetooth, and Low Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN) considering low-power communication, and is not limited to the above-described names. For example, ZigBee technology can create personal area networks (PAN) related to small / low-power digital communication based on various standards such as IEEE 802.15.4, and can be called by various names.

[0260] Wireless devices (100a to 100f) can be connected to a network (300) via a base station (200). Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology can be applied to the wireless devices (100a to 100f), and the wireless devices (100a to 100f) can be connected to an AI server (400) via the network (300). The network (300) can be configured using a 3G network, a 4G (e.g., LTE) network, a 5G (e.g., NR) network, etc. The wireless devices (100a to 100f) can communicate with each other via the base station (200) / network (300), but can also communicate directly (e.g., sidelink communication) without going through the base station / network. For example, vehicles (100b-1, 100b-2) can communicate directly (e.g., V2V (Vehicle to Vehicle) / V2X (Vehicle to Everything) communication). In addition, IoT devices (e.g., sensors) can communicate directly with other IoT devices (e.g., sensors) or other wireless devices (100a to 100f).

[0261] Wireless communication / connection (150a, 150b, 150c) can be established between wireless devices (100a~100f) / base stations (200), and base stations (200) / base stations (200). Here, wireless communication / connection can be achieved through various wireless access technologies (e.g., 5G NR) such as uplink / downlink communication (150a), sidelink communication (150b) (or, D2D communication), and communication between base stations (150c) (e.g., relay, IAB (Integrated Access Backhaul). Through wireless communication / connection (150a, 150b, 150c), wireless devices and base stations / wireless devices, and base stations and base stations can transmit / receive wireless signals to each other. For example, wireless communication / connection (150a, 150b, 150c) can transmit / receive signals through various physical channels. To this end, at least some of various configuration information setting processes for transmitting / receiving wireless signals, various signal processing processes (e.g., channel encoding / decoding, modulation / demodulation, resource mapping / demapping, etc.), and resource allocation processes can be performed based on various proposals of the present disclosure.

[0262] FIG. 16 illustrates a wireless device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 16 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0263] Referring to FIG. 16, the first wireless device (100) and the second wireless device (200) can transmit and receive wireless signals via various wireless access technologies (e.g., LTE, NR). Here, {the first wireless device (100), the second wireless device (200)} can correspond to {the wireless device (100x), the base station (200)} and / or {the wireless device (100x), the wireless device (100x)} of FIG. 15.

[0264] For example, the description of the first wireless device (or device) and the second wireless device (or device) below may be extended to the third wireless device (300) (or device) or a wireless device (or device) corresponding to a subsequent reference number. For example, the reference number of the processor of the third wireless device (300) may be 302, and the reference number of the transceiver may be 306.

[0265] A first wireless device (100) includes one or more processors (102) and one or more memories (104), and may further include one or more transceivers (106) and / or one or more antennas (108). The processor (102) controls the memories (104) and / or the transceivers (106), and may be configured to implement the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document. For example, the processor (102) may process information in the memory (104) to generate first information / signal, and then transmit a wireless signal including the first information / signal via the transceiver (106). Furthermore, the processor (102) may receive a wireless signal including second information / signal via the transceiver (106), and then store information obtained from signal processing of the second information / signal in the memory (104). The memory (104) may be connected to the processor (102) and may store various information related to the operation of the processor (102). For example, the memory (104) may perform some or all of the processes controlled by the processor (102), or may store software code including commands for performing the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this document. Here, the processor (102) and the memory (104) may be part of a communication modem / circuit / chip designed to implement a wireless communication technology (e.g., LTE, NR). The transceiver (106) may be connected to the processor (102) and may transmit and / or receive wireless signals via one or more antennas (108). The transceiver (106) may include a transmitter and / or a receiver. The transceiver (106) may be used interchangeably with an RF (Radio Frequency) unit. In the present disclosure, a wireless device may also mean a communication modem / circuit / chip.

[0266] A second wireless device (200) includes one or more processors (202), one or more memories (204), and may further include one or more transceivers (206) and / or one or more antennas (208). The processor (202) controls the memories (204) and / or the transceivers (206), and may be configured to implement the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document. For example, the processor (202) may process information in the memory (204) to generate third information / signals, and then transmit a wireless signal including the third information / signals via the transceivers (206). In addition, the processor (202) may receive a wireless signal including fourth information / signals via the transceivers (206), and then store information obtained from signal processing of the fourth information / signals in the memory (204). The memory (204) may be connected to the processor (202) and may store various information related to the operation of the processor (202). For example, the memory (204) may perform some or all of the processes controlled by the processor (202), or may store software code including commands for performing the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this document. Here, the processor (202) and the memory (204) may be part of a communication modem / circuit / chip designed to implement wireless communication technology (e.g., LTE, NR). The transceiver (206) may be connected to the processor (202) and may transmit and / or receive wireless signals via one or more antennas (208). The transceiver (206) may include a transmitter and / or a receiver. The transceiver (206) may be used interchangeably with an RF unit. In the present disclosure, a wireless device may also mean a communication modem / circuit / chip.

[0267] Hereinafter, the hardware elements of the wireless device (100, 200) will be described in more detail. Although not limited thereto, one or more protocol layers may be implemented by one or more processors (102, 202). For example, one or more processors (102, 202) may implement one or more layers (e.g., functional layers such as PHY, MAC, RLC, PDCP, RRC, SDAP). One or more processors (102, 202) may generate one or more Protocol Data Units (PDUs) and / or one or more Service Data Units (SDUs) according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this document. One or more processors (102, 202) may generate messages, control information, data, or information according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this document. One or more processors (102, 202) can generate signals (e.g., baseband signals) including PDUs, SDUs, messages, control information, data or information according to the functions, procedures, proposals and / or methods disclosed herein, and provide the signals to one or more transceivers (106, 206). One or more processors (102, 202) can receive signals (e.g., baseband signals) from one or more transceivers (106, 206) and obtain PDUs, SDUs, messages, control information, data or information according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods and / or operational flowcharts disclosed herein.

[0268] One or more processors (102, 202) may be referred to as a controller, a microcontroller, a microprocessor, or a microcomputer. One or more processors (102, 202) may be implemented by hardware, firmware, software, or a combination thereof. For example, one or more Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs), one or more Digital Signal Processors (DSPs), one or more Digital Signal Processing Devices (DSPDs), one or more Programmable Logic Devices (PLDs), or one or more Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) may be included in one or more processors (102, 202). The descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document may be implemented using firmware or software, and the firmware or software may be implemented to include modules, procedures, functions, etc. The descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this document may be implemented using firmware or software configured to perform one or more processors (102, 202) or stored in one or more memories (104, 204) and executed by one or more processors (102, 202). The descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this document may be implemented using firmware or software in the form of codes, instructions and / or sets of instructions.

[0269] One or more memories (104, 204) may be coupled to one or more processors (102, 202) and may store various forms of data, signals, messages, information, programs, codes, instructions, and / or commands. The one or more memories (104, 204) may be configured as ROM, RAM, EPROM, flash memory, hard drives, registers, cache memory, computer-readable storage media, and / or combinations thereof. The one or more memories (104, 204) may be located internally and / or externally to the one or more processors (102, 202). Additionally, the one or more memories (104, 204) may be coupled to the one or more processors (102, 202) via various technologies, such as wired or wireless connections.

[0270] One or more transceivers (106, 206) can transmit user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc., as mentioned in the methods and / or flowcharts of this document, to one or more other devices. One or more transceivers (106, 206) can receive user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc., as mentioned in the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods and / or flowcharts of this document, from one or more other devices. For example, one or more transceivers (106, 206) can be connected to one or more processors (102, 202) and can transmit and receive wireless signals. For example, one or more processors (102, 202) can control one or more transceivers (106, 206) to transmit user data, control information, or wireless signals to one or more other devices. Additionally, one or more processors (102, 202) may control one or more transceivers (106, 206) to receive user data, control information, or wireless signals from one or more other devices. Additionally, one or more transceivers (106, 206) may be coupled to one or more antennas (108, 208), and one or more transceivers (106, 206) may be configured to transmit and receive user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, or the like, as referred to in the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operational flowcharts disclosed herein, via one or more antennas (108, 208). In this document, one or more antennas may be multiple physical antennas or multiple logical antennas (e.g., antenna ports). One or more transceivers (106, 206) can convert received user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc. from RF band signals to baseband signals in order to process the received user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc. using one or more processors (102, 202).One or more transceivers (106, 206) may convert user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc. processed by one or more processors (102, 202) from baseband signals to RF band signals. For this purpose, one or more transceivers (106, 206) may include an (analog) oscillator and / or filter.

[0271] Fig. 17 illustrates a signal processing circuit for a transmission signal according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of Fig. 17 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0272] Referring to FIG. 17, the signal processing circuit (1000) may include a scrambler (1010), a modulator (1020), a layer mapper (1030), a precoder (1040), a resource mapper (1050), and a signal generator (1060). Although not limited thereto, the operations / functions of FIG. 17 may be performed in the processor (102, 202) and / or the transceiver (106, 206) of FIG. 16. The hardware elements of FIG. 17 may be implemented in the processor (102, 202) and / or the transceiver (106, 206) of FIG. 16. For example, blocks 1010 to 1060 may be implemented in the processor (102, 202) of FIG. 16. Additionally, blocks 1010 to 1050 may be implemented in the processor (102, 202) of FIG. 16, and block 1060 may be implemented in the transceiver (106, 206) of FIG. 16.

[0273] The codeword can be converted into a wireless signal through the signal processing circuit (1000) of FIG. 17. Here, the codeword is an encoded bit sequence of an information block. The information block can include a transport block (e.g., an UL-SCH transport block, a DL-SCH transport block). The wireless signal can be transmitted through various physical channels (e.g., a PUSCH or a PDSCH).

[0274] Specifically, the codeword can be converted into a bit sequence scrambled by a scrambler (1010). The scramble sequence used for scrambling is generated based on an initialization value, and the initialization value may include ID information of the wireless device, etc. The scrambled bit sequence can be modulated into a modulation symbol sequence by a modulator (1020). The modulation method may include pi / 2-BPSK (pi / 2-Binary Phase Shift Keying), m-PSK (m-Phase Shift Keying), m-QAM (m-Quadrature Amplitude Modulation), etc. The complex modulation symbol sequence can be mapped to one or more transmission layers by a layer mapper (1030). The modulation symbols of each transmission layer can be mapped to the corresponding antenna port(s) by a precoder (1040) (precoding). The output z of the precoder (1040) can be obtained by multiplying the output y of the layer mapper (1030) by a precoding matrix W of N*M. Here, N is the number of antenna ports, and M is the number of transmission layers. Here, the precoder (1040) can perform precoding after performing transform precoding (e.g., DFT transform) on complex modulation symbols. In addition, the precoder (1040) can perform precoding without performing transform precoding.

[0275] The resource mapper (1050) can map modulation symbols of each antenna port to time-frequency resources. The time-frequency resources can include multiple symbols (e.g., CP-OFDMA symbols, DFT-s-OFDMA symbols) in the time domain and multiple subcarriers in the frequency domain. The signal generator (1060) generates a wireless signal from the mapped modulation symbols, and the generated wireless signal can be transmitted to another device through each antenna. To this end, the signal generator (1060) can include an Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT) module, a Cyclic Prefix (CP) inserter, a Digital-to-Analog Converter (DAC), a frequency uplink converter, etc.

[0276] The signal processing process for receiving signals in a wireless device can be configured in reverse order of the signal processing process (1010 to 1060) of FIG. 17. For example, a wireless device (e.g., 100, 200 of FIG. 16) can receive wireless signals from the outside through an antenna port / transceiver. The received wireless signals can be converted into baseband signals through a signal restorer. For this purpose, the signal restorer can include a frequency downlink converter, an analog-to-digital converter (ADC), a CP remover, and a fast Fourier transform (FFT) module. Thereafter, the baseband signal can be restored to a codeword through a resource demapper process, a postcoding process, a demodulation process, and a descrambling process. The codewords can be restored to the original information blocks through decoding. Accordingly, a signal processing circuit (not shown) for a received signal may include a signal restorer, a resource de-mapper, a postcoder, a demodulator, a de-scrambler, and a decoder.

[0277] Figure 18 illustrates a wireless device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The wireless device may be implemented in various forms depending on the use case / service (see Figure 15). The embodiment of Figure 18 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0278] Referring to FIG. 18, the wireless device (100, 200) corresponds to the wireless device (100, 200) of FIG. 16 and may be composed of various elements, components, units / units, and / or modules. For example, the wireless device (100, 200) may include a communication unit (110), a control unit (120), a memory unit (130), and additional elements (140). The communication unit may include a communication circuit (112) and a transceiver(s) (114). For example, the communication circuit (112) may include one or more processors (102, 202) and / or one or more memories (104, 204) of FIG. 16. For example, the transceiver(s) (114) may include one or more transceivers (106, 206) and / or one or more antennas (108, 208) of FIG. 16. The control unit (120) is electrically connected to the communication unit (110), the memory unit (130), and the additional elements (140) and controls the overall operation of the wireless device. For example, the control unit (120) may control the electrical / mechanical operation of the wireless device based on the program / code / command / information stored in the memory unit (130). In addition, the control unit (120) may transmit information stored in the memory unit (130) to an external device (e.g., another communication device) via a wireless / wired interface through the communication unit (110), or store information received from an external device (e.g., another communication device) via a wireless / wired interface in the memory unit (130).

[0279] The additional element (140) may be configured in various ways depending on the type of the wireless device. For example, the additional element (140) may include at least one of a power unit / battery, an input / output unit (I / O unit), a driving unit, and a computing unit. Although not limited thereto, the wireless device may be implemented in the form of a robot (Fig. 15, 100a), a vehicle (Fig. 15, 100b-1, 100b-2), an XR device (Fig. 15, 100c), a portable device (Fig. 15, 100d), a home appliance (Fig. 15, 100e), an IoT device (Fig. 15, 100f), a digital broadcasting terminal, a hologram device, a public safety device, an MTC device, a medical device, a fintech device (or a financial device), a security device, a climate / environmental device, an AI server / device (Fig. 15, 400), a base station (Fig. 15, 200), a network node, etc. Wireless devices may be mobile or stationary depending on the use / service.

[0280] In FIG. 18, various elements, components, units / parts, and / or modules within the wireless device (100, 200) may be interconnected entirely via a wired interface, or at least some may be wirelessly connected via a communication unit (110). For example, within the wireless device (100, 200), the control unit (120) and the communication unit (110) may be wired, and the control unit (120) and the first unit (e.g., 130, 140) may be wirelessly connected via the communication unit (110). In addition, each element, component, unit / part, and / or module within the wireless device (100, 200) may further include one or more elements. For example, the control unit (120) may be composed of one or more processor sets. For example, the control unit (120) may be composed of a set of a communication control processor, an application processor, an electronic control unit (ECU), a graphics processing processor, a memory control processor, etc. As another example, the memory unit (130) may be composed of a random access memory (RAM), a dynamic RAM (DRAM), a read only memory (ROM), a flash memory, a volatile memory, a non-volatile memory, and / or a combination thereof.

[0281] Below, the implementation example of Fig. 18 is described in more detail with reference to the drawings.

[0282] FIG. 19 illustrates a mobile device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The mobile device may include a smartphone, a smart pad, a wearable device (e.g., a smartwatch, smartglasses), or a portable computer (e.g., a laptop, etc.). The mobile device may be referred to as a Mobile Station (MS), a User Terminal (UT), a Mobile Subscriber Station (MSS), a Subscriber Station (SS), an Advanced Mobile Station (AMS), or a Wireless Terminal (WT). The embodiment of FIG. 19 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0283] Referring to FIG. 19, the portable device (100) may include an antenna unit (108), a communication unit (110), a control unit (120), a memory unit (130), a power supply unit (140a), an interface unit (140b), and an input / output unit (140c). The antenna unit (108) may be configured as a part of the communication unit (110). Blocks 110 to 130 / 140a to 140c correspond to blocks 110 to 130 / 140 of FIG. 18, respectively.

[0284] The communication unit (110) can transmit and receive signals (e.g., data, control signals, etc.) with other wireless devices and base stations. The control unit (120) can control components of the mobile device (100) to perform various operations. The control unit (120) can include an AP (Application Processor). The memory unit (130) can store data / parameters / programs / codes / commands required for operating the mobile device (100). In addition, the memory unit (130) can store input / output data / information, etc. The power supply unit (140a) supplies power to the mobile device (100) and can include a wired / wireless charging circuit, a battery, etc. The interface unit (140b) can support connection between the mobile device (100) and other external devices. The interface unit (140b) can include various ports (e.g., audio input / output ports, video input / output ports) for connection with external devices. The input / output unit (140c) can input or output video information / signals, audio information / signals, data, and / or information input from a user. The input / output unit (140c) may include a camera, a microphone, a user input unit, a display unit (140d), a speaker, and / or a haptic module.

[0285] For example, in the case of data communication, the input / output unit (140c) obtains information / signals (e.g., touch, text, voice, image, video) input by the user, and the obtained information / signals can be stored in the memory unit (130). The communication unit (110) converts the information / signals stored in the memory into wireless signals, and can directly transmit the converted wireless signals to other wireless devices or to a base station. In addition, the communication unit (110) can receive wireless signals from other wireless devices or base stations, and then restore the received wireless signals to the original information / signals. The restored information / signals can be stored in the memory unit (130) and then output in various forms (e.g., text, voice, image, video, haptic) through the input / output unit (140c).

[0286] The claims set forth in this disclosure may be combined in various ways. For example, the technical features of the method claims of this disclosure may be combined and implemented as a device, and the technical features of the device claims of this disclosure may be combined and implemented as a method. Furthermore, the technical features of the method claims of this disclosure and the technical features of the device claims of this disclosure may be combined and implemented as a device, and the technical features of the method claims of this disclosure and the technical features of the device claims of this disclosure may be combined and implemented as a method.

Claims

1. In the method, A step of receiving a first transmission from a base station; A step of obtaining information related to pre-compensation based on the first transmission; and A method comprising the step of transmitting the first transmission to a second device by applying the above pre-compensation.

2. In paragraph 1, A method further comprising the step of transmitting information related to the above pre-compensation to the second device.

3. In paragraph 1, A method wherein information related to the above pre-compensation includes ephemeris information.

4. In paragraph 3, Further comprising a step of transmitting information related to the above pre-compensation to the second device, A method in which direct communication is performed between the base station and the second device based on the ephemeris information.

5. In paragraph 4, A method wherein said direct communication is performed after said first transmission is transmitted to said second device.

6. In paragraph 1, A method wherein information related to the above pre-compensation is included in the first transmission.

7. In paragraph 1, The above pre-compensation is a compensation for time shift or frequency shift.

8. In paragraph 1, A method in which information related to the above pre-compensation is obtained based on a synchronization signal included in the first transmission.

9. In paragraph 1, A method wherein the first transmission comprises at least one of a synchronization signal, a physical broadcast channel transmission, or ephemeris information.

10. In paragraph 1, A method further comprising the step of transmitting information related to relaying by the first device to the second device based on the first transmission being transmitted to the second device.

11. In paragraph 1, Further comprising the step of receiving a second transmission including a synchronization signal from the base station, A method wherein information related to the above pre-compensation is obtained based on the first transmission and the second transmission.

12. In paragraph 1, The above base station is a non-terrestrial network base station, the method.

13. In paragraph 1, A method, wherein the above method is performed by a first device.

14. In the first device, At least one transmitter / receiver; at least one processor; and At least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions, The above instructions, based on being executed by the at least one processor, cause the first device to: Receive a first transmission from a base station; Obtaining information related to pre-compensation based on the above first transmission; and A first device that transmits the first transmission to a second device by applying the above pre-compensation.

15. In a processing device set to control the first device, at least one processor; and At least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions, The above instructions, based on being executed by the at least one processor, cause the first device to: Receive a first transmission from a base station; Obtaining information related to pre-compensation based on the above first transmission; and A processing device that transmits the first transmission to the second device by applying the above pre-compensation.

16. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium that records commands, The above commands, when executed, cause the first device to: Receive a first transmission from a base station; Obtaining information related to pre-compensation based on the above first transmission; and A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium that causes the first transmission to be transmitted to a second device by applying the above pre-compensation.

17. In a method for performing wireless communication to a second device, Receive a first transmission from a first device, A step in which the first transmission is transmitted to the second device by applying pre-compensation by the first device; A step of obtaining information related to pre-compensation, including ephemeris information, based on the first transmission; and Including a step of performing direct communication with a base station based on the above ephemeris information, Information related to the above pre-compensation is obtained by the first device based on the first transmission, and A method wherein the first transmission is received from the base station to the first device.

18. In paragraph 17, A method wherein said first transmission is relayed by said first device to said second device.

19. In the second device, At least one transmitter / receiver; at least one processor; and At least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions, The above instructions, based on being executed by the at least one processor, cause the second device to: To receive a first transmission from a first device, The first transmission is transmitted to the second device by applying pre-compensation by the first device; Based on the first transmission, obtain information related to pre-compensation, including ephemeris information; and Based on the above celestial calendar information, direct communication is performed with the base station, Information related to the above pre-compensation is obtained by the first device based on the first transmission, and A second device, wherein the first transmission is received from the base station to the first device.

20. In paragraph 19, A method wherein said first transmission is relayed by said first device to said second device.

Images