System and method for gas infusion for agriculture, for agriculture irrigation fertilization & the treatment of soil pathogens, for preservation of cut flowers, and for hydroponics, aquaponics and aquatic plants

Abstract

A gas infusion system and method is designed to optimize irrigation practices for indoor and outdoor farming, enhances plant growth, improves yields, extends crop cycles, and promotes overall plant health. The system and methods can infuse nutrient gases into irrigation water to enhance soil fertility, optimize crop productivity, and combat soilborne pathogens in commercial farming. The system orchestrates precise and efficient irrigation operations tailored to the specific needs of crops and soil conditions and promotes uniform nutrient distribution, maximizes water use efficiency, and mitigates the adverse effects of soilborne diseases. The system can extend the overall life span of cut flowers. The system can also optimize dissolved gas infusion, particularly oxygen, into water while concurrently purging nitrogen and carbon dioxide. By meticulously regulating dissolved oxygen levels and eliminating deleterious gases, this innovation fosters accelerated growth, superior yields, prolonged crop cycles, and heightened plant vitality.

Description

SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR GAS INFUSION FOR AGRICULTURE, FOR AGRICULTURE IRRIGATION FERTILIZATION & THE TREATMENT OF SOIL PATHOGENS, FOR PRESERVATION OF CUT FLOWERS, ANDFOR HYDROPONICS, AQUAPONICS AND AQUATIC PLANTSINCORPORATION BY REFERENCE TO ANY PRIORITY APPLICATIONS

[0001] Any and all applications for which a foreign or domestic priority claim is identified in the Application Data Sheet as filed with the present application are hereby incorporated by reference under 37 CFR 1.57. This application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 655525, filed June 3, 2024.BACKGROUNDField

[0002] The present disclosure is directed to a gas infusion systems and methods, and more particularly to gas infusion systems and methods for agriculture irrigation, plant health, treatment of parasites, treatment of plant pathogens and bacteria on the plant and in soil or hydroponic environments; for the production of fertilizers or in combination with fertilizers; for horticulture and floral preservation; and for agriculture growth within aquaponics systems, hydroponic systems, indoor agriculture grow facilities, and coral farms.Description of the Related Art

[0003] Modem agriculture faces multifaceted challenges, including dwindling water resources, declining soil fertility, escalating energy demands, and the persistent threat of soilborne diseases. Conventional irrigation practices often exacerbate these challenges by inefficiently utilizing water resources, degrading soil quality, and facilitating the spread of pathogens.

[0004] Aquaponics and hydroponics constitute innovative and sustainable agricultural methodologies predicated on soil-less cultivation techniques. Aquaponics integrates aquaculture and hydroponics, fostering a symbiotic relationship between fish andplants, while hydroponics delivers nutrients directly to plants via water-based solutions. The efficacy of both systems relies heavily on water quality, with dissolved oxygen levels serving as a critical determinant of success. Inadequate oxygenation can precipitate the proliferation of anaerobic pathogens, undermining plant and aquatic life health.

[0005] Also, traditional methods of cut flower preservation have struggled to effectively address the diverse challenges of post-harvest care, from microbial growth to ethylene exposure.SUMMARY

[0006] Accordingly, there is a need for improved systems and methods for agriculture irrigation (e.g., to improve irrigation efficiency, promote soil health and sustainably enhance agricultural productivity), plant health, treatment of parasites, treatment of plant pathogens and bacteria on the plant and in soil or hydroponic environments, the production of fertilizers or in combination with fertilizers, for horticulture and floral preservation, and for agriculture growth within aquaponics systems, hydroponic systems, indoor agriculture grow facilities, and coral farms.

[0007] In accordance with one aspect of the disclosure, improved agricultural irrigation systems and methods are provided, particularly focusing on a comprehensive approach to infusing nutrient gases into irrigation water to optimize soil health, enhance crop productivity, and combat soilbome pathogens. The gas infusion agriculture grow system described herein represents a groundbreaking innovation in agricultural technology, poised to revolutionize irrigation practices for both indoor and outdoor farming. By infusing dissolved gases into irrigation water or foliar spray solutions, this system offers a comprehensive solution to accelerate plant growth, improve yields, extend crop cycles, and enhance overall plant health. Through its unique combination of gas infusion and water treatment capabilities, the system promises to significantly optimize agricultural productivity while minimizing environmental impact.

[0008] In accordance with another aspect of the disclosure, improved systems and methods are provided to extend the vase life of cut flowers. By employing microporous hollow fiber gas infusion technology, the innovation addresses various challenges in floral care, including transportation, microbial growth, and ethylene exposure. Through the infusion ofoxygen and carbon dioxide into water, a holistic solution is provided for enhancing the longevity and beauty of cut flowers (e.g., improving flower transportation and extending vase life), thus advancing sustainable practices in floral preservation.

[0009] In accordance with another aspect of the disclosure, a gas infusion agriculture grow system is provided, specifically addressing methods and apparatuses for infusing dissolved gases into water within, for example and without limitation, aquaponics systems, hydroponic systems, indoor agriculture grow facilities, and / or coral farms. The system can employ hydrophobic microporous hollow fiber technology to infuse dissolved gases (e.g., oxygen) into water (e.g., to oxygenate water) while concurrently removing (e.g., expelling) potentially harmful gases (e.g., nitrogen and carbon dioxide), thereby enhancing growth rates, extending crop cycles, and bolstering overall plant health. By improving dissolved oxygen levels and purging harmful gases, the systems and methods disclosed herein can provide accelerated growth, improved yields, enhanced plant health, improved fish growth and a reduction in fish mortality rates.

[0010] In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to a gas infusion system, including: a liquid inlet; a gas infusion module including a gas inlet and a plurality of microporous hollow fibers; an ultraviolet light treatment unit; and a liquid outlet, wherein liquid can pass through the liquid inlet and into the gas infusion module to flow between and along the microporous hollow fibers, wherein a gas can flow into the microporous hollow fibers via the gas inlet so that the gas flows through the microporous hollow fibers and exits the microporous hollow fibers via the micropores so that the liquid flowing between and along the microporous hollow fibers is infused with the gas, and wherein the gas infused liquid can pass through the ultraviolet treatment unit to receive ultraviolet light treatment and exit towards the liquid outlet.

[0011] In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to a method of infusing a liquid with a gas, including: flowing a liquid into a gas infusion module; flowing a gas into the gas infusion module via a gas inlet on the gas infusion module and into a plurality of microporous hollow fibers via openings, the gas flowing along a length of the microporous hollow fibers and out of micropores of the microporous hollow fibers to infuse the liquid flowing between and along the microporous hollow fibers with gas; flowing the gas infusedliquid through an ultraviolet light treatment unit to be treated with ultraviolet light; and flowing the liquid through an outlet.

[0012] In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to a gas infusion system, including: a liquid inlet; a gas source; a gas infusion module including a gas inlet and a plurality of microporous hollow fibers; a fertigation tank; and a liquid outlet, wherein liquid can pass through the liquid inlet and into the gas infusion module to flow between and along the microporous hollow fibers, wherein a gas can flow into the microporous hollow fibers via the gas inlet so that the gas flows along the microporous hollow fibers and exits the microporous hollow fibers via the micropores so that the liquid flowing between and along the microporous hollow fibers is infused with the gas, and wherein the gas infused liquid can pass through the fertigation tank to receive one or more nutrients, and exit towards the liquid outlet.

[0013] In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to a method of infusing a liquid with a gas, including: flowing a liquid into a gas infusion module; flowing a gas into the gas infusion module via a gas inlet on the gas infusion module and into a plurality of microporous hollow fibers via openings, the gas flowing along a length of the microporous hollow fibers and out of micropores of the microporous hollow fibers to infuse the liquid flowing between and along the microporous hollow fibers with gas; flowing the gas infused liquid through a fertigation tank to be treated with nutrients; and flowing the liquid through an outlet.

[0014] In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to a gas infusion system, including: a water inlet; a gas infusion module including a gas inlet and a plurality of microporous hollow fibers; an oxygen concentrator configured to direct oxygen to an inlet of the gas infusion module; an outlet; wherein water can pass through the water inlet and into the gas infusion module to flow between and along the microporous hollow fibers, wherein oxygen can flow into the microporous hollow fibers via the gas inlet so that the oxygen flows along the microporous hollow fibers and exits the microporous hollow fibers via the micropores so that the water flowing between and along the microporous hollow fibers is infused with the oxygen, and wherein the oxygen infused water can pass through the outlet.

[0015] In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to a method of infusing a liquid with a gas, including: flowing water into a gas infusion module; flowing oxygen into the gas infusion module via a gas inlet on the gas infusion module and into aplurality of microporous hollow fibers via openings, the oxygen flowing along a length of the microporous hollow fibers and out of micropores of the microporous hollow fibers to infuse the water flowing between and along the microporous hollow fibers with gas; and flowing the oxygen infused water through an outlet.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] Figure 1 is a diagram of a gas infusion system.

[0017] Figures 2A-2F are schematic perspective, right side, front, top plan, rear and left side views of a water treatment system.

[0018] Figure 3 is a schematic of a control diagram for a gas infusion system.

[0019]

[0020] Figures 4A-4C are front, perspective and rear views of a water treatment system.

[0021] Figure 5 is a diagram of a gas infusion system.

[0022] Figures 6A-6D are schematic perspective, right end, front and top plan views of a cut flower gas infusion system.

[0023] Figure 7 is a schematic of a control system for a gas infusion system.

[0024] Figures 8A-8D are schematic perspective, left end, front and top plan views of a gas infusion system.

[0025] Figures 9A-9B are front and rear views of a gas infusion system.DETAILED DESCRIPTIONSystems and Methods for Gas Infusion for Agriculture

[0026] A gas infusion agriculture grow system, shown for example in FIGS. 1-4C, relates to a method and apparatus for infusing dissolved gases into water for irrigation systems of indoor, hydroponic, and / or outdoor agriculture grow facilities or farms to accelerate growth, improve yield, extend crop cycles and / or improve over plant health.

[0027] FIG. 1 shows an example gas infusion system 100 where liquid (e.g., feed water) can be received via a liquid inlet 101 and can be pumped by pump Pl through an infuser unit 102a (e.g., one or more microporous hollow fiber membrane modules, where fibers canbe made of Teflon®, Polyethylene or similar materials). Further details of microporous hollow fiber membrane modules can be found in PCT Application Nos. PCT / US2025 / 029373, filed May 14, 2025, and PCT / US2025 / 030449, filed May 21, 2025, and details on methods of making them can be found in PCT Publication No. WO 2024 / 097525 filed 10 / 16 / 2023, all of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety, and which should be considered a part of this specification. While passing through the infuser unit 102a, the liquid can be infused with a gas (e.g., oxygen, carbon dioxide, both) from one or more gas sources 112a, 112b and exit the infuser unit 102a as a gas infused liquid. Optionally, the gas infused liquid can then pass through a filter 104 (e.g., a sand filter), which can filter out any oxidized material, such as granular contaminants or anything that can be oxidized from the liquid. In some embodiments, the gas infused liquid optionally passes through an ultraviolet (UV) treatment unit 106 (e.g., UV sterilization unit where UV light can be applied or directed to the gas infused liquid to sterilize the gas infused liquid). The gas infused liquid can be directed to a holding tank 108, from which the gas (e.g., oxygen and / or carbon dioxide) infused water can be directed to an outlet 110 for watering plants or soil (e.g., via a hose) or to a foliar spray unit. In some embodiments, the system 100 can include a second infuser unit 102b (e.g., one or more microporous hollow fiber membrane modules), which may be positioned near the outlet 110 and which may receive fluid from a second pump P2, where the second pump P2 may pump fluid from the holding tank 108. In some embodiments, the system 100 can include one or more rotameters 114 and / or valves 116 positioned throughout the system 100.

[0028] The dissolved gas agriculture grow system can include a UV light to clean and improve the quality of water for irrigation. The gas infusion system can replaces reverse osmosis equipment 100A (shown, for example in FIG. 1, which can include a reverse osmosis unit 150) at the water purification stage in order to more efficiently improve water quality for agriculture purposes, which can reduce water waste and lower energy consumption for the water treatment phase.

[0029] Figures 2A-2F and 4A-4C show a gas infusion system 200, which can be on or within a skid or frame 250. The system 200 can include a UV treatment unit 201 (e.g., UV light sterilization unit), a sensor assembly 203 (e.g., for dissolved oxygen), one or more gas infusion modules 204, 205 (e.g., microporous hollow fiber membrane modules), a gas (e.g., oxygen) generator 206, a compressor 211, a dosing tank 212, a filter 213 (e.g., a sand filter), awater pump 215, a CO2 generator 216, a water treatment control panel 217, a surge tank 218, a flow meter 220, an air vent valve 222, a flow meter 223, a pressure sensor 224, a Walchem® 225, a pH probe 226, a pH injection system 227, a carbon filter 229, a conductivity probe 230, and / or an inlet 231 and an outlet 232. The system 200 (e.g., the frame 250) can have a height of 69 inches or approximately 69 inches, or in a range from 50 inches or approximately 50 inches to 90 inches or approximately 90 inches, or from 30 inches or approximately 30 inches to 110 inches or approximately 110 inches, or any value, approximate value, or range of values within the foregoing ranges. The system 200 (e.g., the frame 250) can have a width of 51 inches or approximately 51 inches, or in a range from 30 inches or approximately 30 inches to 70 inches or approximately 70 inches, or from 10 inches or approximately 10 inches to 90 inches or approximately 90 inches, or any value, approximate value, or range of values within the foregoing ranges. The system 200 (e.g., the frame 250) can have a depth of 30 inches or approximately 30 inches, or in a range from 20 inches or approximately 20 inches to 40 inches or approximately 40 inches, or from 10 inches or approximately 10 inches to 50 inches or approximately 50 inches, or any value, approximate value, or range of values within the foregoing ranges. The height, width, and depth illustrated in FIGS. 2A-2F (and any other Figures) are nonlimiting examples.

[0030] In operation, liquid (e.g., water) can enter the gas infusion system 200 via the inlet 231 and can pass through one or more gas infusion modules 204, 205. In some embodiments, the liquid can be pumped (e.g., via a pump 215) through the one or more gas infusion modules 204, 205. The liquid can flow through the one or more gas infusion modules 204, 205 and around a plurality of microporous hollow fibers disposed within the one or more gas infusion modules 204, 205 to be infused with gas. The one or more gas infusion modules 204, 205 can include one or more gas inlets for receiving one or more gases, which can pass to the liquid via pores of the microporous hollow fibers. The liquid can flow through the one or more gas infusion modules 204, 205 and around the plurality of microporous hollow fibers disposed in the one or more gas infusion modules 204, 205, and can be infused with gas that can be received through the gas inlet of the one or more gas infusion modules 204, 205 and pass through the plurality of microporous hollow fibers and out of the pores of the fibers into the liquid. The gas infused liquid can exit the system 200 via the outlet 232. In one example, the liquid can flow through the gas infusion modules 204, 205 in parallel. In another example,the liquid can flow through the gas infusion modules 204, 205 in series. Though the system 200 shows two gas in fusion modules 204, 205, one of skill in the art will recognize that the system 200 can have fewer (e.g., one) or more (e.g., three, four, five, ten, etc.) gas infusion modules. In some embodiments, the liquid can pass through a UV treatment unit 201 (after passing through the gas infusion modules 204, 205) where UV light can be applied or directed to the gas infused liquid to sterilize the gas infused liquid. In some embodiments, the liquid can pass through a filter (e.g., sand filter 213, carbon filter 229), for example after passing through the gas infusion modules 204, 205 and / or after passing through the UV treatment unit 201. The gas generator 206 and / or the CO2 generator 216 can generate gas (e.g., oxygen, CO2) which can be delivered to the gas infusion modules 204, 205 (via the gas inlet of the modules) to infuse the liquid with the gas via the pores of the microporous hollow fibers of the one or more gas infusion modules 204, 205. In some embodiments, a pH injection system 227 can adjust the pH of the liquid (e.g., by injecting chemicals), for example before and / or after the liquid passes through the gas infusion modules 204, 205.

[0031] Each of the fibers (in any of the gas infusion modules disclosed herein) can be a microporous hydrophobic hollow fiber (e.g., made of Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) or Teflon®) with a plurality of micropores having a pore size of between about 0.01 pm and 5 pm, inclusive (e.g., 0.01 pm, 0.1 pm, 0.5 pm, 1 pm, 2 pm, 3 pm, 4 pm, 5 pm), which can advantageously facilitate bubbleless gas transfer into the liquid (e.g., to supersaturate the liquid with the gas), which can make the gas infusion process more efficient and inhibit or prevent loss of gas via bubbles. Each fiber can in some examples have an outer diameter of about 0.54 mm and inner diameter of about 0.35 mm (e.g., wall thickness of about 190 mm), or an outer diameter of about 0.54 mm and inner diameter of about 0.45 mm (e.g., wall thickness of about 0.095 mm), or an outer diameter of about 0.35 mm and an inner diameter of about 0.28 mm (e.g., wall thickness of about 0.070 mm), or any value, approximate value, or range of values within any of the foregoing ranges. The fibers can be made of a material (e.g., polyethylene or polypropylene) that is water repellent. In one example, the fibers have a porosity of between 50% and 90%, such as 75%, or any value, approximate value, or range of values within the foregoing range. In one example, the gas infusion module has a packing factor of between about 20% and about 50%, such as about 38% (e.g., 38% of the space in the gas infusion module is taken up by the fibers), or any value, approximate value, or range of values withinthe foregoing range. The number of fibers in the gas infusion module can be between about 700 and about 1500, such as about 1100, or any value, approximate value, or range of values within the foregoing range. In some embodiments, the micropores can be positioned along 90% of the length of the fibers, or in a range from 80% or approximately 80% to 100% the length of the fibers, or from 60% or approximately 60% to 100% or approximately 100% the length of the fibers, or from 40% or approximately 40% to 100% or approximately 100% the length of the fibers, or any value, approximate value, or range of values within the foregoing ranges. Each of the fibers can be microporous and / or hollow and can extend (e.g., linearly) within the gas infusion module. Any of the gas infusion modules disclosed herein can achieve gas transfer efficiency rates at or above 90%, or in a range from 85% or approximately 85% to 95% or approximately 95%, or from 80% or approximately 80% to 100% or approximately 100%, or any value, approximate value, or range of values within the foregoing ranges.

[0032] FIG. 3 shows a controller 300 for controlling a gas infusion system (e.g., any of the gas infusion systems disclosed herein). The controller 300 can have control panel 302 that can receive power from a power supply 304 and can power the generator 306 (e.g., O2 generator) and a compressor 308. One or more electrical connectors 310 can communicate with the control panel 302, via which a UV treatment unit 312 and / or a metering pump 314 can be controlled. The controller 300 can include a programmable logic controller 322 (PLC), which can receive input from the control panel 302, a dissolved oxygen (DO) probe 316, a pH probe 318, and / or a flow meter 320. The PLC 322 can provide output (e.g., control instructions) to the metering pump 314, the water solenoid 324 or the water / oxygen solenoid 326, in order to operate the gas infusion system.

[0033] The gas infusion system can be a gas transfer system whereby any gas (e.g., nutrient or industrial soluble gases such as but not limited to oxygen, carbon dioxide, and / or ammonia) can be dissolved in liquids (e.g., water) in a substantially or completely bubble-less manner. The efficiency of this manner of gas transfer can allow for the production of stable liquid streams containing enormous quantities of dissolved gas on scales ranging from cubic centimeters per minute (cc / min) to thousands of gallons per minute (GPM) at a fraction of the energy cost normally associated with conventional methods of gas dissolution.

[0034] Water Treatment: One of the most significant benefits of water with a high dissolved oxygen content is the stimulation of beneficial aerobic organisms. Most beneficialrn icroorgani sms living in and around the plant’s rhizosphere will only survive and reproduce in an oxygen-rich environment. Too little dissolved oxygen creates a compounding negative effect as the beneficial organisms die out. This scenario in turn creates the ideal conditions for anaerobic pathogenic organisms. Nearly every pathogenic disease related to the plant’s rhizosphere is anaerobic and can be avoided by providing sufficient levels of dissolved oxygen. Research has shown that supersaturated levels of oxygen not only prohibit pathogen proliferation, but it is also useful for keeping indoor irrigation and grow systems clean of biofilm.

[0035] The gas infusion agriculture grow system can be combined with UV light to kill anaerobic pathogenic organisms and the genetic material of the bacteria found in water making it unable to reproduce. The combination of the gas infusion agriculture grow system and UV light can create a disinfection process for treating water prior to or after nutrient blending with the post cleaned water for irrigation. The levels of dissolved oxygen (DO) used in combination with UV light can be or exceed 20 ppm of DO, or can be in a range from 10 ppm or approximately 10 ppm to 30 ppm or approximately 30ppm, or from Ippm or approximately 1 ppm to 100 ppm or approximately Ippm, or any value, approximate value, or range of values within the foregoing ranges.

[0036] Oxygen Infusion of Irrigation Systems: Oxygen is an essential plant nutrient and plant root systems require oxygen for aerobic respiration, an essential plant process that releases energy for root growth and nutrient uptake. At the center of every new plant growth cell is an atom of carbon, which the plant absorbs from carbon dioxide in the immediate surrounding air. As CO2 is used for its carbon, water vapor and oxygen are released from the plant stomata as waste. Therefore, the plant breathes in CO2 and releases oxygen as a waste product.

[0037] However, the plant also needs oxygen at the root system for nutrient absorption. Nutrient absorption cannot occur at the root zone unless oxygen is sufficiently present. At a molecular level, oxygen is required to transmit nutrients across the cell wall and into the roots. Additionally, as you increase oxygen levels at the root zone, nutrient absorption increases as well. Therefore, sufficient oxygen at the root zone is critical to plant health, yield, and growth rate.

[0038] The gas infusion agriculture grow system can be deployed in various devices utilizing micro-porous hollow fiber membranes, which can be used to infuse water for irrigation with gas (e.g., oxygen, carbon dioxide) prior to the introduction of nutrients. The system can be used, for example and without limitation, for inline irrigation, drip irrigation, hand watering, and / or foliar spray. The gas infusion system can be an effective rapid, substantially or completely bubble-less, gas transfer (infusion) device for delivering exact amounts of dissolved oxygen for each type or species of plants in any environment.

[0039] Root systems work more efficiently when highly oxygenated. This is because oxygen affects the electrical charge of water and nutrients, allowing the roots to uptake both using less energy. The gas infusion system can be used to infuse different levels of dissolved oxygen starting at 15 ppm and up to 40 ppm, or any value, approximate value, or range of values within the foregoing ranges. The increased dissolved oxygen delivered to the root zones can create faster growth, more flowering, greater yield, and extended the yield cycle.

[0040] Infusing CO2 or Ammonia into Water for Foliar Treatment of Plants to Improve Growth: The systems and methods disclosed herein can be used for increasing the growth rate of plants, by applying a growth promoting composition comprising carbon dioxide infused water to a plant as foliar spray. A method for increasing the growth rate of plants can include applying an aqueous solution to plants as a foliar spray, where the growth promoting aqueous solution includes carbon dioxide infused water. The method can be useful for increasing the growth rate of plants. The method can increase the growth rate of plants by enhancing the rate of carbon fixation within the plant and / or leaf conductance of gases such as carbon dioxide. The method can use a purified irrigation water source which is simple and convenient to use, can cause minimal loss of carbon dioxide gas into the atmosphere, can promote plant growth with minimal use of external and off-farm inputs, and without using synthetic pesticides, fertilizers and other materials, such as hormones and antibiotics, increases control of pathogens, mold, slime and algae, can provide a degree of protection against insects and pests, and can reduce or prevents spoilage and crop loss due to wilting, desiccation and dry rot, and thus improves productivity, and versatility in land use.

[0041] The gas infused water can contain carbon dioxide at a concentration of greater than 375 mg / L, 900 mg / L, or 1800 mg / L of water, or in a range from 375 mg / L or approximately 375 mg / L to 1800 mg / L or approximately 1800 mg / L, or any value,approximate value, or range of values within the foregoing range. The composition can be applied in a greenhouse or in outdoor farm environments. The carbon dioxide infused water can utilize various foliar spray delivery systems, which can enhance the ability of the method to deliver carbon dioxide to the plant. The foliar spray system can create a high percentage of contact area with the foliar surface of the plant which can create a high rate of penetration of carbon dioxide into the plant. The carbon dioxide infused water can be applied to plants using microporous hydrophobic hollow fiber membranes for controlling dissolved carbon dioxide content of an aqueous liquid containing dissolved carbon dioxide and a foliar spray apparatus for applying liquid to the plants. The carbon dioxide infused water can have a carbon dioxide concentration falling within range of greater than 2000 mg / L, or in a range from 1500 mg / L or approximately 1500 mg / L to 2500 mg / L or approximately 2500 mg / L, or from 1000 mg / L or approximately 1000 mg / L to 3000 mg / L or approximately 3000 mg / L, or any value, approximate value, or range of values within the foregoing ranges.

[0042] CO2 or Ammonia Infusion of Irrigation Systems for Foliar Applications: Plants growing in a sealed greenhouse or indoor grow room will often deplete the available CO2 and stop growing. Below 200 PPM, plants may not have enough CO2 to carry on the photosynthesis process and essentially stop growing.

[0043] All types of plants use CO2 when they're making energy from light, so without CO2 there's no photosynthesis or growth. When there's more light than a plant can naturally use, supplying more CO2 improves the plant’s use of the additional light. Getting more energy from the same amount of light results in faster growth.

[0044] The Gas Infusion system can deliver CO2 in water to the plant’s canopy at a maintained minimum level of 1,200-1,500 PPM of CO2 or any value, approximate value, or range of values within the foregoing range. The CO2 can be infused into water and sprayed on the plant’s canopy during light hours.

[0045] This gas infusion system advantageously can switch the gases it delivers through foliar spray. The system can deliver ammonia directly to the leaf canopy of plants, employing gas infusion and a hollow fiber membrane. Traditionally, plants rely on nitrogen for essential metabolic processes, yet they cannot utilize atmospheric nitrogen directly. In nature, bacteria convert atmospheric nitrogen into ammonia, which plants can readily absorb. Conventionally, nitrogen is supplied to plants via roots, either through natural or artificialfertilizers or direct injection into the soil. However, the system can advantageously improve nutrient delivery by infusing water used in foliar spraying with ammonia, circumventing root uptake entirely. This method enhances efficiency compared to root-based delivery and significantly mitigates fertilizer runoff concerns.Systems and Method for Agriculture Irrigation, Fertilization and Treatment of Soil Pathogens

[0046] System and methods for infusing nutrient gases into irrigation water to address the aforementioned challenges are disclosed (see e.g., FIG. 5). By leveraging a combination of gas infusion technology, gas infusion modules, fertigation techniques, programmable logic controllers (PLCs), water treatment systems, precision irrigation components, smart controllers, solar energy, and / or advanced sensors, the system enables precise, efficient, and sustainable irrigation practices tailored to meet the specific needs of crops and soil conditions.

[0047] FIG. 5 illustrates a gas infusion system 500 that can include a gas source 501 (e.g., tank of oxygen, carbon dioxide, other gas) that can deliver one or more gases via a gas supply line 509 to one or more (e.g., a plurality of) gas infusion modules 502 (e.g., containing a plurality of microporous hollow fiber membranes). Liquid (e.g., water) can be provided from a liquid source 507 (e.g., as irrigation water) to the gas infusion module(s) 502 via a pump 506 and control valve 505. The liquid can be infused with the gas as it flows through the gas infusion module(s) 502 (e.g., in a substantially or completely bubble-less manner). Optionally, nutrient solutions from a fertigation tank can be mixed with the liquid before it flows through the gas infusion module(s) 502, and the gas infused liquid mixed with nutrient solutions then exits to an irrigation line header 508. A programmable logic controller PLC 503 can control the operation of the system 500 (e.g., pump 506, valve 505, flow of gas from gas source 501). Optionally, the system can be powered with solar panel(s) 510.

[0048] 1. Pump System: The system can include a commercial-grade pump 506 to draw water from diverse sources 507 such as groundwater, surface water bodies, and / or reservoirs (e.g., to provide irrigation water). The pump's efficiency and capacity can be optimized to ensure a reliable and continuous water supply for irrigation operations.

[0049] 2. Microporous Hollow Fiber Membrane Gas Infusion Modules: The system can include one or more gas infusion module(s) 502 which can include microporoushollow fiber technology (e.g., microporous hollow fiber membrane modules) to facilitate the infusion of nutrient gases into the irrigation water. The module(s) 502 can include an inlet for receiving the water and an inlet connected to a gas source 501 via gas line 509, enabling the introduction of gases such as but not limited to oxygen, carbon dioxide, ethylene, and / or hydrogen sulfide into the irrigation water passing through the module(s) 502. Within the module(s) 502, the microporous hollow fibers serve as conduits for the gas-liquid interface, allowing for the efficient transfer of gas molecules into the water in a substantially or entirely bubble-free manner at supersaturated levels. This approach can provide thorough and uniform gas infusion throughout the irrigation water, improving its effectiveness in promoting soil health and crop growth. Further details of microporous hollow fiber membrane modules can be found in PCT Application Nos. PCT / US2025 / 029373, filed May 14, 2025, and PCT / US2025 / 030449, filed May 21, 2025, and details on methods of making them can be found in PCT Publication No. WO 2024 / 097525 filed 10 / 16 / 2023, all of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety, and which should be considered a part of this specification.

[0050] Each of the fibers (in any of the gas infusion modules disclosed herein) can be a microporous hydrophobic hollow fiber (e.g., made of Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) or Teflon®) with a plurality of micropores having a pore size of between about 0.01 pm and 5 pm, inclusive (e.g., 0.01 pm, 0.1 pm, 0.5 pm, 1 pm, 2 pm, 3 pm, 4 pm, 5 pm), which can advantageously facilitate bubbleless gas transfer into the liquid (e g., to supersaturate the liquid with the gas), which can make the gas infusion process more efficient and inhibit or prevent loss of gas via bubbles. Each fiber can in some examples have an outer diameter of about 0.54 mm and inner diameter of about 0.35 mm (e.g., wall thickness of about 190 mm), or an outer diameter of about 0.54 mm and inner diameter of about 0.45 mm (e.g., wall thickness of about 0.095 mm), or an outer diameter of about 0.35 mm and an inner diameter of about 0.28 mm (e.g., wall thickness of about 0.070 mm), or any value, approximate value, or range of values within any of the foregoing ranges. The fibers can be made of a material (e.g., polyethylene or polypropylene) that is water repellent. In one example, the fibers have a porosity of between 50% and 90%, such as 75%, or any value, approximate value, or range of values within the foregoing range. In one example, the gas infusion module has a packing factor of between about 20% and about 50%, such as about 38% (e.g., 38% of the space in the gas infusionmodule is taken up by the fibers), or any value, approximate value, or range of values within the foregoing range. The number of fibers in the gas infusion module can be between about 700 and about 1500, such as about 1100, or any value, approximate value, or range of values within the foregoing range. In some embodiments, the micropores can be positioned along 90% of the length of the fibers, or in a range from 80% or approximately 80% to 100% the length of the fibers, or from 60% or approximately 60% to 100% or approximately 100% the length of the fibers, or from 40% or approximately 40% to 100% or approximately 100% the length of the fibers, or any value, approximate value, or range of values within the foregoing ranges. Each of the fibers can be microporous and / or hollow and can extend (e.g., linearly) within the gas infusion module.

[0051] 3. Fertigation Tank: In one example, before or following gas infusion, the liquid and / or gas-infused liquid (e.g., oxygenated water) can be directed to a fertigation tank 504, where it can be blended with nutrient solutions and / or amendments tailored to the specific nutritional requirements of the crops being cultivated. In another example, liquid can be blended with the nutrient solution from the fertigation tank 504 before the mixture passes through the gas infusion modules. The fertigation tank 504 can serve as a central hub for integrating irrigation water with fertilizers, thereby improving nutrient uptake by plants and promoting healthy growth and development.

[0052] 4. Programmable Logic Controller (PLC): A PLC 503 can serve as the control center of the system, controlling the operation of various components and processes based on predefined algorithms, sensor inputs, and user-defined parameters. The PLC 503 can provide precise and efficient management of irrigation operations, allowing for customized irrigation schedules, nutrient dosing, and system monitoring.

[0053] 5. Optional Water Treatment & Filtration: To address water quality concerns, an optional water treatment and filtration unit may be integrated into the system. The unit can employ advanced filtration technologies, such as ultraviolet disinfection or activated carbon adsorption, to remove contaminants, impurities, and pathogens from the irrigation water, ensuring its suitability for agricultural use.

[0054] 6. Precision Irrigation Components: The system 500 can incorporate precision irrigation components, including but not limited to drip irrigation, micro-irrigation, and / or localized irrigation systems, which can be designed to deliver water directly to the rootzone of plants with unparalleled accuracy and efficiency. By minimizing water wastage through evaporation, runoff, and surface pooling, precision irrigation techniques can improve water use efficiency and promote soil moisture retention, leading to improved crop yields and resource conservation.

[0055] 7 Smart Irrigation Controllers: Smart irrigation controllers in the system500 can harness real-time data from weather sensors, soil moisture probes, and / or evapotranspiration measurements to dynamically adjust irrigation schedules and water application rates. These controllers can utilize advanced algorithms and predictive analytics (e.g., neural networks, machine learning, etc.) to optimize irrigation efficiency, mitigate water stress, and / or adapt to changing environmental conditions, thereby maximizing crop productivity while minimizing water consumption and operational costs.

[0056] 8. Solar Panel Integration: To improve sustainability and reduce reliance on grid power, the system can optionally incorporate one or more solar panels 510 to harness renewable solar energy for powering the irrigation infrastructure, including pumps 506, controllers 503, sensors, and / or auxiliary components. Solar energy can provide a clean, reliable, and cost-effective alternative to traditional energy sources, enabling off-grid operation and reducing the system's carbon footprint.

[0057] 9. Advanced Sensor Technology: The system 500 can be equipped with an array of advanced sensors, including but not limited to soil moisture sensors, weather stations, and water quality sensors, to provide real-time insights into soil conditions, weather patterns, crop health, and irrigation performance. These sensors can employ cutting-edge technologies such as wireless connectivity and data analytics to deliver actionable intelligence for informed decision-making and proactive management of irrigation operations.Systems and Method for Preservation of Cut Flowers

[0058] A cut flower preservation system (e.g., 600, 700, 800) can include advanced microporous hollow fiber gas infusion technology into a multifaceted approach aimed at improving the vase life and aesthetic appeal of cut flowers. The system can include a central unit which can include with one or more reservoirs for gas (e.g., oxygen and / or carbon dioxide) infusion, along with control mechanisms to regulate gas concentrations and delivery rates. The following sections delineate the intricate workings of the system, its constituent components, and the mechanisms by which it addresses each contributing factor to cut flower senescence.

[0059] FIGS. 6A-6D show a gas infusion system 600 (which can be mounted on a skid or frame 601) for cut flower preservation. The system 600 can include a liquid (e.g., water) inlet 602 via which liquid can enter the system, a carbon pre-treatment unit 604, a gas infusion module 606 (e.g., with microporous hollow fiber membrane), and an oxygen concentrator 608 that directs oxygen to an inlet of the gas infusion module 606. The water flowing through the gas infusion module can be infused (via the microporous hollow membrane) with the gas (e.g., oxygen) and the gas infused liquid (e.g., oxygenated water) exits the system via an outlet 610 for use (e.g., in vases transporting cut flowers, to a holding tank, etc.). Further details of microporous hollow fiber membrane modules can be found in PCT Application Nos. PCT / US2025 / 029373, filed May 14, 2025, and PCT / US2025 / 030449, filed May 21, 2025, and details on methods of making them can be found in PCT Publication No. WO 2024 / 097525filed 10 / 16 / 2023, all of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety, and which should be considered a part of this specification.

[0060] The oxygen concentrator can concentrate oxygen at levels including: concentrated oxygen at levels of 90% or more, 80% or more, 70% or more, 60% or more, or at levels greater than ambient atmospheric oxygen levels and up to 90% or more concentrated oxygen. Concentrated oxygen may be supplied from the oxygen generator to the gas infusion module(s) at levels of 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, or greater than 97% oxygen.

[0061] FIG. 7 shows a schematic of a gas infusion system 700. Liquid (e.g., water) can be pumped by a pump Pl through one or more (e.g., two, multiple) gas infusion modules 702a, 702b and one or more gases (e.g., oxygen and / or carbon dioxide) can be injected into the modules from one or more gas reservoirs 708a, 708b to infuse the liquid flowing through the modules 702a, 702b with the gas(es). The gas infused liquid can be directed to a retention tank 704. Optionally, the gas infused liquid can pass through a UV treatment unit 706 (e.g., to sterilize the gas infused water with UV light), before the treated gas infused water exits the system 700 for use (e.g., in vases transporting cut flowers, to a holding tank, etc.). The one or more gas infusion modules 702a, 702b can be the same as or similar to the gas infusion module in FIGS. 6A-6D.

[0062] FIGS. 8A-8D show a gas infusion system 800 with a tank 801 having an outlet 802 and inlet 803, a pump 804, a gas infusion module 805, and / or a gas concentrator 806(e.g., oxygen concentrator, carbon dioxide concentrator). The pump 804 can pump liquid (e.g., water) from the tank 801, via hose or conduit 802A to an inlet of the gas infusion module 805. The gas concentrator 806 can supply a gas to the gas infusion module 805 and the liquid can be infused with the gas (e.g., using a microporous hollow fiber membrane) as it passes through the gas infusion module 805, after which the gas infused liquid can exit the gas infusion module 805 and can be returned to the tank 801 via a hose or conduit 803 A extending between the gas infusion module 805 and the inlet 803. The gas infused water in the tank 801 can then be used (e.g., in vases transporting cut flowers, for irrigation, etc.). The systems in FIGS. 6A-8D can be used in the manner described below.

[0063] 1. Oxygen Infusion for Hydration:- Microporous hollow fiber membranes can infuse liquid (e.g., water) with gas (e.g., oxygen molecules), which can create an oxygen-rich environment conducive to cellular respiration.- Upon harvesting, cut flowers can be placed in transportation vessels filled with oxygenated water, ensuring continuous hydration and supporting metabolic processes essential for longevity.- The replenishment of oxygen levels in the water can mitigate the adverse effects of water loss through the pre-customer period of flower transportation and retail sales time frame, thereby delaying wilting and maintaining turgidity in cut flowers.

[0064] 2 Carbon Dioxide Infusion for Foliar Spraying:- Using microporous hollow fiber gas infusion technology, water can be infused with carbon dioxide to create a carbonated solution suitable for foliar spraying.- This CO2-infused water can be applied directly to the foliage and stems of cut flowers, which can provide several potential benefits for extending their transportation and vase life and enhancing aesthetic qualities.- The carbon dioxide uptake by plant stomata can facilitate photosynthesis, thereby augmenting energy production and metabolic activity in cut flowers, which in turn prolongs their freshness and vibrancy.Factors Addressed by the Cut Flower Preservation System:

[0065] 1 Water Loss: The continuous hydration provided by oxygenated water in the transportation or retail vessel can mitigate water loss through transpiration, maintaining cellular turgidity and preventing premature wilting.

[0066] 2 Microbial Growth: The oxygen-rich environment created by oxygenated water can inhibit the proliferation of anaerobic bacteria and fungi, which can reduce the risk of microbial contamination and decay.

[0067] 3. Ethylene Production: The competition between carbon dioxide and ethylene for binding sites on flower tissues reduces ethylene's effects on senescence, which can slow down the aging process and extend the flower’s life span from harvest through the end user’s experience.

[0068] 4. Nutrient Depletion: Oxygenated water can support metabolic processes ensuring the availability of vital resources for cut flower maintenance and longevity.Detailed Mechanisms of CO2-Infused Water Foliar Spraying:

[0069] 1. Carbon Dioxide Uptake and Photosynthesis: CO2-infused water can enhance photosynthetic activity, which can lead to increased energy production and metabolic efficiency in cut flowers, which can prolong their life from harvest through the end user’s experience.

[0070] 2. pH Regulation: The slightly acidic pH of carbonated water can help maintain improved pH levels in plant tissues, supporting enzymatic activity and biochemical processes essential for flower longevity and vitality.

[0071] 3. Moisture Retention and Hydration: Foliar spraying with CO2-infused water can aid in moisture retention, reducing water loss through transpiration and ensuring adequate hydration for cut flowers, thereby preventing wilting, and maintaining turgidity.

[0072] 4. Ethylene Reduction: By competing with ethylene for binding sites on flower tissues, carbon dioxide in the sprayed water effectively reduces ethylene's influence on senescence, prolonging the freshness and longevity of cut flowers.Systems and Method for Gas Infusion in Hydroponics., Aquaponics and Aquatic plants

[0073] FIGS. 9A-9B show a gas infusion agriculture grow system 900 (mounted on a skid) which can be used in hydroponics, aquaponics and for growing aquatic plants. The system 900 can include a water inlet 902 and a water outlet 904, a water booster pump 906 thatcan pump water from the water inlet 902 to gas infusion modules 908 (e.g., microporous hollow fiber membrane modules). An oxygen concentrator 910 and / or oxygen booster 911 can supply oxygen to the gas infusion modules 908 (e.g., via rotameters 912) so that the water flowing through the gas infusion modules 908 is infused with oxygen. The oxygen infused water can pass through a UV unit 914, which can be controlled by a UV controller 913, for sterilization before exiting the system 900 through the outlet 904 for use (e.g., in hydroponics, aquaponics and for growing aquatic plants). An electrical control panel 916 can house a controller that controls operation of components of the system (e.g., the pump 906, the rotameters 912, etc.). The system 900 can have a controller / display 918 that can display one or more operating parameters of the system 900. The system 900 can have a carbon fdter 920, a micro Z® filter 922, a pH probe 924, a conductivity sensor 926, a flowmeter 928, a pH injection pump 930 and / or a pH buffer solution tank 932, which can operate in the same manner discussed above. Further details of microporous hollow fiber membrane modules can be found in PCT Application Nos. PCT / US2025 / 029373, filed May 14, 2025, and PCT / US2025 / 030449, filed May 21, 2025, and details on methods of making them can be found in PCT Publication No. WO 2024 / 097525 filed 10 / 16 / 2023, all of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety, and which should be considered a part of this specification.

[0074] The gas infusion agriculture grow system embodies a multifaceted approach to optimizing water quality and nutrient delivery for plant and aquatic organism cultivation. It can include advanced hydrophobic microporous hollow fiber technology to achieve efficient gas transfer, which can provide precise oxygenation while simultaneously eliminating detrimental gases like nitrogen and carbon dioxide. This process can be used for sustaining beneficial aerobic organisms crucial for plant health, as oxygen-rich environments deter anaerobic pathogens and promote the proliferation of beneficial microorganisms in the rhizosphere.

[0075] Moreover, the system can include UV light disinfection which can provide a comprehensive water treatment solution, targeting anaerobic pathogens and genetic materials to prevent reproduction. The system can reach or exceed 20ppm of dissolved gas (e.g., oxygen) in liquid, or in a range from lOppm or approximately lOppm to 30ppm or approximately 30ppm, or from Ippm or approximately Ippm to 40ppm or approximately 40ppm. The systemcan include UV treatment. The system can uphold stringent standards for water purity, safeguarding against microbial contamination and biofilm formation.

[0076] The gas infusion hydroponic agriculture grow system can improve irrigation practices by prioritizing oxygenation at the root zone, a fundamental requirement for nutrient absorption and root respiration. By infusing water with dissolved oxygen levels ranging from 15 to 40 ppm, or any value, approximate value, or range of values within the foregoing ranges, the system can improve root efficiency, nutrient uptake, and overall plant vigor, thereby facilitating accelerated growth, prolific flowering, and extended yield cycles.

[0077] Furthermore, the systems and methods disclosed herein can extend its applicability to aquaponics environments, offering benefits such as improved fish growth, reduced mortality rates, enhanced water quality, and sustainable resource utilization. By creating a symbiotic relationship between fish and plants, the system can improve nutrient cycling and ecosystem balance, resulting in increased productivity and profitability.

[0078] The gas infusion agriculture grow systems and methods disclosed herein can improve aquatic plant cultivation, delivering benefits including minimized stress, environmental sustainability, and improved nutrient delivery. By prioritizing oxygenation, water filtration, and UV disinfection, this system sets a new standard for excellence in hydroponics, aquaponics, and aquatic plant cultivation, ushering in a new era of efficiency, productivity, and ecological stewardship.BENEFITS OF HYDROPONICS & AQUAPONICS SYSTEMS:

[0079] 1. Improved Fish Growth: Dissolved oxygenation can ensure that fish have an improved environment for respiration. Higher levels of dissolved oxygen promote faster growth rates in fish, leading to quicker turnover and increased production.

[0080] 2. Reduced Fish Mortality: By maintaining improved water quality through filtration and treatment capabilities, the system can reduce the likelihood of stress-related diseases and improves overall fish health, which can lead to lower mortality rates and better survival rates for the fish population.

[0081] 3 Enhanced Water Quality: Water filtration and treatment mechanism can remove waste products and harmful substances, such as ammonia and nitrites, from the water, which can create a healthier environment for both the fish and the plants, reducing the risk of waterborne diseases and promoting better growth.

[0082] 4. Hydroponic Environment for Plants: The hydroponic environment created by aquaponics systems can provide plants with a continuous supply of nutrient-rich water, which can allow for faster and more efficient nutrient uptake, leading to accelerated plant growth and higher yields compared to traditional soil-based cultivation.

[0083] 5. Sustainable and Efficient Resource Utilization: Aquaponics systems can utilize the symbiotic relationship between fish and plants to create a closed-loop ecosystem. Fish waste can provide nutrients for plant growth, while plants help to filter and purify the water for the fish, which can result in efficient resource utilization and reduces the need for external inputs such as fertilizers and pesticides.

[0084] 6 Increased Productivity and Profitability: By improving fish growth, reducing mortality rates, and maximizing plant yields, a well-designed aquaponics system can significantly increase overall productivity and profitability. Additionally, the ability to produce both fish and vegetables in the same system diversifies revenue streams and enhances market opportunities.

[0085] The gas infusion agriculture grow systems and methods described herein can improve irrigation practices for indoor and outdoor farming. By infusing dissolved gases into irrigation water, this system can enhance plant growth, improve yields, extend crop cycles, and promote overall plant health. The system can leverage advanced gas transfer principles and water treatment technologies to achieve bubble-less gas dissolution and UV disinfection, which may provide precise nutrient delivery and pathogen control. Components of the system can include a gas infusion mechanism, water treatment module, oxygen infusion process, and / or CO2 infusion system. Through versatile application in various irrigation methods, the system can empower farmers to achieve higher productivity, reduce input costs, and enhance environmental sustainability. The gas infusion agriculture grow system heralds a new era of efficient and sustainable farming practices, poised to revolutionize the future of global food production.

[0086] Disclosed herein is a comprehensive system and methods for infusing nutrient gases into irrigation water to enhance soil fertility, optimize crop productivity, and combat soilbome pathogens in commercial farming. Leveraging advanced technologies including gas infusion modules, precision irrigation components, smart controllers, solar energy, and advanced sensors, the system can provide precise and efficient irrigationoperations tailored to the specific needs of crops and soil conditions. By integrating gas infusion techniques with fertigation practices, the system and methods promote uniform nutrient distribution, improve water use efficiency, and mitigate the adverse effects of soilborne diseases. Smart irrigation controllers can dynamically adjust irrigation schedules based on real-time data from weather sensors and soil moisture probes, improving resource utilization and minimizing environmental impact. Solar panel integration into the system can enhance sustainability by powering the irrigation infrastructure with renewable energy, reducing operational costs and carbon footprint. Advanced sensor technology can provide actionable insights into soil health, crop performance, and irrigation efficiency, enabling informed decision-making and proactive management of agricultural operations. The system and methods described herein offer significant benefits to commercial farming, including improved soil health, increased crop yields, reduced water consumption, and enhanced environmental sustainability.

[0087] The cut flower preservation system disclosed herein can include microporous hollow fiber gas infusion technology to extend the overall life span of cut flowers. By infusing water with oxygen for hydration and carbon dioxide for foliar spraying, the system can address factors like water loss, microbial growth, and ethylene production. With attention to environmental conditions and handling, the system can provide a sustainable and effective solution for preserving the ephemeral value of cut flowers.

[0088] The gas infusion agriculture grow system disclosed herein can improve the cultivation of hydroponic plants, aquaponic systems, and aquatic flora. Leveraging advanced hydrophobic microporous hollow fiber technology, this system improves dissolved gas infusion, particularly oxygen, into water while concurrently purging nitrogen and carbon dioxide. By meticulously regulating dissolved oxygen levels and eliminating deleterious gases, the system fosters accelerated growth, superior yields, prolonged crop cycles, and heightened plant vitality. Additionally, this system can include UV light disinfection to eradicate anaerobic pathogenic organisms, fortifying water quality and mitigating disease risks. The combined application of gas infusion and UV treatment can reach or exceed 20 ppm of dissolved oxygen, or in a range from lOppm or approximately lOppm to 30ppm or approximately 30ppm, or from Ippm or approximately Ippm to 40ppm or approximately 40ppm, or any value, approximate value, or range of values within the foregoing ranges..Additional Embodiments

[0089] In examples of the present disclosure, a gas infusion system and method of operation may be in accordance with any of the following clauses:

[0090] Clause 1. A gas infusion system, comprising: a liquid inlet; a gas infusion module comprising a gas inlet and a plurality of microporous hollow fibers; an ultraviolet light treatment unit; and a liquid outlet, wherein liquid can pass through the liquid inlet and into the gas infusion module to flow between and along the microporous hollow fibers, wherein a gas can flow into the microporous hollow fibers via the gas inlet so that the gas flows through the microporous hollow fibers and exits the microporous hollow fibers via the micropores so that the liquid flowing between and along the microporous hollow fibers is infused with the gas, and wherein the gas infused liquid can pass through the ultraviolet treatment unit to receive ultraviolet light treatment and exit towards the liquid outlet.

[0091] Clause 2. The gas infusion system of clause 1, further comprising a filter comprising one or both of a sand filter and a carbon filter, the liquid passing through the filter after passing through the gas infusion module.

[0092] Clause 3. The gas infusion system of clause 1, wherein the gas infused liquid is directed to a holding tank from the ultraviolet light treatment unit.

[0093] Clause 4. The gas infusion system of any preceding clause, wherein the gas infusion module is a first gas infusion module, further comprising a second gas infusion module.

[0094] Clause 5. The gas infusion system of any preceding clause, further comprising a frame on or within which the gas infusion module and the ultraviolet treatment unit are mounted.

[0095] Clause 6. The gas infusion system of clause 5, wherein the frame has a height at or within a range 50 inches and 90 inches, a width at or within a range 30 inches and 70 inches, and a depth at or within a range 20 inches to 40 inches.

[0096] Clause 7. The gas infusion system of any preceding clause, further comprising a gas generator.

[0097] Clause 8. The gas infusion system of any preceding clause, wherein the liquid comprises water, the gas comprises oxygen, and the gas infused liquid comprisesoxygenated water, and wherein the oxygenated water has a level of dissolved oxygen at or between 10 ppm and 30 ppm.

[0098] Clause 9. The gas infusion system of any preceding clause, wherein the gas comprises carbon dioxide.

[0099] Clause 10. The gas infusion system of any preceding clause, wherein each of the microporous hollow fibers have an inner diameter between 0.28 mm and 0.45 mm.

[0100] Clause 11. The gas infusion system of any preceding clause, wherein the plurality of microporous hollow fibers comprises a number of microporous hollow fibers between 700 and 1500.

[0101] Clause 12. The gas infusion system of any preceding clause, wherein each of the plurality of microporous hollow fibers have porosity of 75% or greater.

[0102] Clause 13. A method of infusing a liquid with a gas, comprising: flowing a liquid into a gas infusion module; flowing a gas into the gas infusion module via a gas inlet on the gas infusion module and into a plurality of microporous hollow fibers via openings, the gas flowing along a length of the microporous hollow fibers and out of micropores of the microporous hollow fibers to infuse the liquid flowing between and along the microporous hollow fibers with gas; flowing the gas infused liquid through an ultraviolet light treatment unit to be treated with ultraviolet light; and flowing the liquid through an outlet.

[0103] Clause 14. The method of clause 13, further comprising watering plants or soil with the gas infused liquid.

[0104] Clause 15. The method of clause 13 or 14, wherein flowing gas comprises flowing oxygen or carbon dioxide.

[0105] Clause 16. The method of any one of clauses 13-15, wherein the microporous hollow fibers comprise Teflon®.

[0106] Clause 17. The method of any one of clauses 13-16, wherein the liquid is infused with at least 75% efficiency.

[0107] Clause 18. A gas infusion system, comprising: a liquid inlet; a gas source; a gas infusion module comprising a gas inlet and a plurality of microporous hollow fibers; a fertigation tank; and a liquid outlet, wherein liquid can pass through the liquid inlet and into the gas infusion module to flow between and along the microporous hollow fibers, wherein a gas can flow into the microporous hollow fibers via the gas inlet so that the gas flows alongthe microporous hollow fibers and exits the microporous hollow fibers via the micropores so that the liquid flowing between and along the microporous hollow fibers is infused with the gas, and wherein the gas infused liquid can pass through the fertigation tank to receive one or more nutrients, and exit towards the liquid outlet.

[0108] Clause 19. The gas infusion system of clause 18, further comprising one or more solar panels.

[0109] Clause 20. The gas infusion system of clause 18 or 19, further comprising one or more of a soil moisture sensor, a weather station, and a water quality sensor.

[0110] Clause 21. The gas infusion system of any one of clauses 18-20, further comprising an irrigation system.[oni] Clause 22. The gas infusion system of any one of clauses 18-21, wherein the gas infusion module is a plurality of gas infusion modules, wherein the liquid can pass through the plurality of gas infusion modules.

[0112] Clause 23. The gas infusion system of any one of clauses 18-22, further comprising a pump configured to pump the liquid through the gas infusion module.

[0113] Clause 24. A method of infusing a liquid with a gas, comprising: flowing a liquid into a gas infusion module; flowing a gas into the gas infusion module via a gas inlet on the gas infusion module and into a plurality of microporous hollow fibers via openings, the gas flowing along a length of the microporous hollow fibers and out of micropores of the microporous hollow fibers to infuse the liquid flowing between and along the microporous hollow fibers with gas; flowing the gas infused liquid through a fertigation tank to be treated with nutrients; and flowing the liquid through an outlet.

[0114] Clause 25. The method of clause 24, wherein flowing gas comprises flowing oxygen or carbon dioxide.

[0115] Clause 26. The method of clause 24 or 25, wherein the microporous hollow fibers comprise Teflon®.

[0116] Clause 27. The method of any one of clauses 24-26, wherein the liquid is infused with at least 75% efficiency.

[0117] Clause 28. A gas infusion system, comprising: a water inlet; a gas infusion module comprising a gas inlet and a plurality of microporous hollow fibers; an oxygen concentrator configured to direct oxygen to an inlet of the gas infusion module; an outlet;wherein water can pass through the water inlet and into the gas infusion module to flow between and along the microporous hollow fibers, wherein oxygen can flow into the microporous hollow fibers via the gas inlet so that the oxygen flows along the microporous hollow fibers and exits the microporous hollow fibers via the micropores so that the water flowing between and along the microporous hollow fibers is infused with the oxygen, and wherein the oxygen infused water can pass through the outlet.

[0118] Clause 29. The gas infusion system of clause 28, further comprising a carbon dioxide source.

[0119] Clause 30. The gas infusion system of clause 28 or 29, further comprising an ultraviolet light treatment unit.

[0120] Clause 31. The gas infusion system of any one of clauses 28-30, wherein the gas infusion module comprises a first gas infusion module, further comprising a second gas infusion module.

[0121] Clause 32. The gas infusion system of any one of clauses 28-31, further comprising a pump configured to pump the water through the gas infusion module.

[0122] Clause 33. The gas infusion system of any one of clauses 28-32, further comprising a retention tank configured to hold the oxygen infused water.

[0123] Clause 34. A method of infusing a liquid with a gas, comprising: flowing water into a gas infusion module; flowing oxygen into the gas infusion module via a gas inlet on the gas infusion module and into a plurality of microporous hollow fibers via openings, the oxygen flowing along a length of the microporous hollow fibers and out of micropores of the microporous hollow fibers to infuse the water flowing between and along the microporous hollow fibers with gas; and flowing the oxygen infused water through an outlet.

[0124] Clause 35. The method of clause 34, further comprising providing the oxygen infused water to cut flowers.

[0125] Clause 36. The method of clause 34 or 35, further comprising flowing carbon dioxide into the gas infusion module.

[0126] Clause 37. The method of any one of clauses 34-36, flowing the oxygen infused water through an ultraviolet light treatment unit.

[0127] Clause 38. The method of any one of clauses 34-37, wherein the oxygen infused water has a dissolved oxygen level ranging from 15 ppm to 40 ppm.

[0128] While certain embodiments of the inventions have been described, these embodiments have been presented by way of example only, and are not intended to limit the scope of the disclosure. Indeed, the novel methods and systems described herein may be embodied in a variety of other forms. Furthermore, various omissions, substitutions and changes in the systems and methods described herein may be made without departing from the spirit of the disclosure. The accompanying claims and their equivalents are intended to cover such forms or modifications as would fall within the scope and spirit of the disclosure. Accordingly, the scope of the present inventions is defined only by reference to the appended claims.

[0129] Features, materials, characteristics, or groups described in conjunction with a particular aspect, embodiment, or example are to be understood to be applicable to any other aspect, embodiment or example described in this section or elsewhere in this specification unless incompatible therewith. All of the features disclosed in this specification (including any accompanying claims, abstract and drawings), and / or all of the steps of any method or process so disclosed, may be combined in any combination, except combinations where at least some of such features and / or steps are mutually exclusive. The protection is not restricted to the details of any foregoing embodiments. The protection extends to any novel one, or any novel combination, of the features disclosed in this specification (including any accompanying claims, abstract and drawings), or to any novel one, or any novel combination, of the steps of any method or process so disclosed.

[0130] Furthermore, certain features that are described in this disclosure in the context of separate implementations can also be implemented in combination in a single implementation. Conversely, various features that are described in the context of a single implementation can also be implemented in multiple implementations separately or in any suitable subcombination. Moreover, although features may be described above as acting in certain combinations, one or more features from a claimed combination can, in some cases, be excised from the combination, and the combination may be claimed as a subcombination or variation of a subcombination.

[0131] Moreover, while operations may be depicted in the drawings or described in the specification in a particular order, such operations need not be performed in the particular order shown or in sequential order, or that all operations be performed, to achieve desirableresults. Other operations that are not depicted or described can be incorporated in the example methods and processes. For example, one or more additional operations can be performed before, after, simultaneously, or between any of the described operations. Further, the operations may be rearranged or reordered in other implementations. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that in some embodiments, the actual steps taken in the processes illustrated and / or disclosed may differ from those shown in the figures. Depending on the embodiment, certain of the steps described above may be removed, others may be added. Furthermore, the features and attributes of the specific embodiments disclosed above may be combined in different ways to form additional embodiments, all of which fall within the scope of the present disclosure. Also, the separation of various system components in the implementations described above should not be understood as requiring such separation in all implementations, and it should be understood that the described components and systems can generally be integrated together in a single product or packaged into multiple products.

[0132] For purposes of this disclosure, certain aspects, advantages, and novel features are described herein. Not necessarily all such advantages may be achieved in accordance with any particular embodiment. Thus, for example, those skilled in the art will recognize that the disclosure may be embodied or carried out in a manner that achieves one advantage or a group of advantages as taught herein without necessarily achieving other advantages as may be taught or suggested herein.

[0133] Conditional language, such as “can,” “could,” “might,” or “may,” unless specifically stated otherwise, or otherwise understood within the context as used, is generally intended to convey that certain embodiments include, while other embodiments do not include, certain features, elements, and / or steps. Thus, such conditional language is not generally intended to imply that features, elements, and / or steps are in any way required for one or more embodiments or that one or more embodiments necessarily include logic for deciding, with or without user input or prompting, whether these features, elements, and / or steps are included or are to be performed in any particular embodiment.

[0134] Conjunctive language such as the phrase “at least one of X, Y, and Z,” unless specifically stated otherwise, is otherwise understood with the context as used in general to convey that an item, term, etc. may be either X, Y, or Z. Thus, such conjunctive languageis not generally intended to imply that certain embodiments require the presence of at least one of X, at least one of Y, and at least one of Z.

[0135] Language of degree used herein, such as the terms “approximately,” “about,” “generally,” and “substantially” as used herein represent a value, amount, or characteristic close to the stated value, amount, or characteristic that still performs a desired function or achieves a desired result. For example, the terms “approximately”, “about”, “generally,” and “substantially” may refer to an amount that is within less than 10% of the stated amount. As another example, in certain embodiments, the terms “generally parallel” and “substantially parallel” refer to a value, amount, or characteristic that departs from exactly parallel by less than or equal to 15 degrees.

[0136] The scope of the present disclosure is not intended to be limited by the specific disclosures of preferred embodiments in this section or elsewhere in this specification, and may be defined by claims as presented in this section or elsewhere in this specification or as presented in the future. The language of the claims is to be interpreted broadly based on the language employed in the claims and not limited to the examples described in the present specification or during the prosecution of the application, which examples are to be construed as non-exclusive.

[0137] Of course, the foregoing description is that of certain features, aspects and advantages of the present invention, to which various changes and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Moreover, the devices described herein need not feature all of the objects, advantages, features and aspects discussed above. Thus, for example, those of skill in the art will recognize that the invention can be embodied or carried out in a manner that achieves or optimizes one advantage or a group of advantages as taught herein without necessarily achieving other objects or advantages as may be taught or suggested herein. In addition, while a number of variations of the invention have been shown and described in detail, other modifications and methods of use, which are within the scope of this invention, will be readily apparent to those of skill in the art based upon this disclosure. It is contemplated that various combinations or subcombinations of these specific features and aspects of embodiments may be made and still fall within the scope of the invention. Accordingly, it should be understood that various features and aspects of thedisclosed embodiments can be combined with or substituted for one another in order to form varying modes of the discussed devices.

Claims

WHAT IS CLAIMED IS:

1. A gas infusion system, comprising: a liquid inlet; a gas infusion module comprising a gas inlet and a plurality of microporous hollow fibers; an ultraviolet light treatment unit; and a liquid outlet, wherein liquid can pass through the liquid inlet and into the gas infusion module to flow between and along the microporous hollow fibers, wherein a gas can flow into the microporous hollow fibers via the gas inlet so that the gas flows through the microporous hollow fibers and exits the microporous hollow fibers via the micropores so that the liquid flowing between and along the microporous hollow fibers is infused with the gas, and wherein the gas infused liquid can pass through the ultraviolet treatment unit to receive ultraviolet light treatment and exit towards the liquid outlet.

2. The gas infusion system of claim 1, further comprising a filter comprising one or both of a sand filter and a carbon filter, the liquid passing through the filter after passing through the gas infusion module.

3. The gas infusion system of claim 1, wherein the gas infused liquid is directed to a holding tank from the ultraviolet light treatment unit.

4. The gas infusion system of any preceding claim, wherein the gas infusion module is a first gas infusion module, further comprising a second gas infusion module.

5. The gas infusion system of any preceding claim, further comprising a frame on or within which the gas infusion module and the ultraviolet treatment unit are mounted.

6. The gas infusion system of claim 5, wherein the frame has a height at or within a range 50 inches and 90 inches, a width at or within a range 30 inches and 70 inches, and a depth at or within a range 20 inches to 40 inches.

7. The gas infusion system of any preceding claim, further comprising a gas generator.

8. The gas infusion system of any preceding claim, wherein the liquid comprises water, the gas comprises oxygen, and the gas infused liquid comprises oxygenated water, and wherein the oxygenated water has a level of dissolved oxygen at or between 10 ppm and 30 ppm.

9. The gas infusion system of any preceding claim, wherein the gas comprises carbon dioxide.

10. The gas infusion system of any preceding claim, wherein each of the microporous hollow fibers have an inner diameter between 0.28 mm and 0.45 mm.

11. The gas infusion system of any preceding claim, wherein the plurality of microporous hollow fibers comprises a number of microporous hollow fibers between 700 and 1500.

12. The gas infusion system of any preceding claim, wherein each of the plurality of microporous hollow fibers have porosity of 75% or greater.

13. A method of infusing a liquid with a gas, comprising: flowing a liquid into a gas infusion module; flowing a gas into the gas infusion module via a gas inlet on the gas infusion module and into a plurality of microporous hollow fibers via openings, the gas flowing along a length of the microporous hollow fibers and out of micropores of the microporous hollow fibers to infuse the liquid flowing between and along the microporous hollow fibers with gas; flowing the gas infused liquid through an ultraviolet light treatment unit to be treated with ultraviolet light; and flowing the liquid through an outlet.

14. The method of claim 13, further comprising watering plants or soil with the gas infused liquid.

15. The method of claim 13 or 14, wherein flowing gas comprises flowing oxygen or carbon dioxide.

16. The method of any one of claims 13-15, wherein the microporous hollow fibers comprise Teflon®.

17. The method of any one of claims 13-16, wherein the liquid is infused with at least 75% efficiency.

18. A gas infusion system, comprising: a liquid inlet; a gas source; a gas infusion module comprising a gas inlet and a plurality of microporous hollow fibers; a fertigation tank; and a liquid outlet, wherein liquid can pass through the liquid inlet and into the gas infusion module to flow between and along the microporous hollow fibers, wherein a gas can flow into the microporous hollow fibers via the gas inlet so that the gas flows along the microporous hollow fibers and exits the microporous hollow fibers via the micropores so that the liquid flowing between and along the microporous hollow fibers is infused with the gas, and wherein the gas infused liquid can pass through the fertigation tank to receive one or more nutrients, and exit towards the liquid outlet.

19. The gas infusion system of claim 18, further comprising one or more solar panels.

20. The gas infusion system of claim 18 or 19, further comprising one or more of a soil moisture sensor, a weather station, and a water quality sensor.

21. The gas infusion system of any one of claims 18-20, further comprising an irrigation system.

22. The gas infusion system of any one of claims 18-21 , wherein the gas infusion module is a plurality of gas infusion modules, wherein the liquid can pass through the plurality of gas infusion modules.

23. The gas infusion system of any one of claims 18-22, further comprising a pump configured to pump the liquid through the gas infusion module.

24. A method of infusing a liquid with a gas, comprising: flowing a liquid into a gas infusion module; flowing a gas into the gas infusion module via a gas inlet on the gas infusion module and into a plurality of microporous hollow fibers via openings, the gas flowing along a length of the microporous hollow fibers and out of micropores of the microporous hollow fibers to infuse the liquid flowing between and along the microporous hollow fibers with gas; flowing the gas infused liquid through a fertigation tank to be treated with nutrients; and flowing the liquid through an outlet.

25. The method of claim 24, wherein flowing gas comprises flowing oxygen or carbon dioxide.

26. The method of claim 24 or 25, wherein the microporous hollow fibers comprise Teflon®.

27. The method of any one of claims 24-26, wherein the liquid is infused with at least 75% efficiency.

28. A gas infusion system, comprising: a water inlet; a gas infusion module comprising a gas inlet and a plurality of microporous hollow fibers; an oxygen concentrator configured to direct oxygen to an inlet of the gas infusion module; and an outlet;wherein water can pass through the water inlet and into the gas infusion module to flow between and along the microporous hollow fibers, wherein oxygen can flow into the microporous hollow fibers via the gas inlet so that the oxygen flows along the microporous hollow fibers and exits the microporous hollow fibers via the micropores so that the water flowing between and along the microporous hollow fibers is infused with the oxygen, and wherein the oxygen infused water can pass through the outlet.

29. The gas infusion system of claim 28, further comprising a carbon dioxide source.

30. The gas infusion system of claim 28 or 29, further comprising an ultraviolet light treatment unit.

31. The gas infusion system of any one of claims 28-30, wherein the gas infusion module comprises a first gas infusion module, further comprising a second gas infusion module.

32. The gas infusion system of any one of claims 28-31, further comprising a pump configured to pump the water through the gas infusion module.

33. The gas infusion system of any one of claims 28-32, further comprising a retention tank configured to hold the oxygen infused water.

34. A method of infusing a liquid with a gas, comprising: flowing water into a gas infusion module; flowing oxygen into the gas infusion module via a gas inlet on the gas infusion module and into a plurality of microporous hollow fibers via openings, the oxygen flowing along a length of the microporous hollow fibers and out of micropores of the microporous hollow fibers to infuse the water flowing between and along the microporous hollow fibers with gas; and flowing the oxygen infused water through an outlet.

35. The method of claim 34, further comprising providing the oxygen infused water to cut flowers.

36. The method of claim 34 or 35, further comprising flowing carbon dioxide into the gas infusion module.

37. The method of any one of claims 34-36, flowing the oxygen infused water through an ultraviolet light treatment unit.

38. The method of any one of claims 34-37, wherein the oxygen infused water has a dissolved oxygen level ranging from 15 ppm to 40 ppm.

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