Devices and methods for communication
The solution provides a device with a processor to enhance communication performance by monitoring AI/ML models, addressing the need for effective performance monitoring in complex wireless networks.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2024/100486
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-06-20
- Publication Date
- 2025-12-26
AI Technical Summary
As communication networks grow in size and complexity, the need for effective performance monitoring in wireless communication networks becomes increasingly important, particularly in beam management and mobility management, where existing methods lack efficient mechanisms for monitoring and managing machine learning models.
A device configured with a processor to receive and transmit information related to predicted results and measurement resources, enabling performance monitoring through AI/ML models, facilitating better communication performance.
Enhances communication performance by providing accurate and efficient monitoring of AI/ML models, ensuring optimal beam management and mobility management in complex networks.
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Figure CN2024100486_26122025_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
DEVICES AND METHODS FOR COMMUNICATION
[0001] FIELDS
[0002] Example embodiments of the present disclosure generally relate to the field of communication techniques and in particular, to devices and methods for performance monitoring.BACKGROUND
[0003] As communication networks and services increase in size, complexity, and number of users, operations in the communication networks may become increasingly more complicated. In order to improve the communication performance, machine learning (ML) / artificial intelligence (AI) technology is proposed to be used in the wireless communication network. For example, the terminal device and the network device may use different ML models to assist communication-related functionalities, such as, beam management (BM) , mobility management and so on.SUMMARY
[0004] In general, embodiments of the present disclosure provide a solution for performance monitoring.
[0005] In a first aspect, there is provided a first device. The first device comprises: a processor configured to cause the first device to: receive, from a second device, configuration information related to a plurality of first sets of elements; obtain, based at least in part on the configuration information, a plurality of sets of predicted results associated with a second set of elements, each set of predicted results corresponding to a first set of the plurality of first sets; and transmit, to the second device, at least one message comprising information indicating or determined based on the plurality of sets of predicted results.
[0006] In a second aspect, there is provided a first device. The first device comprises: a processor configured to cause the first device to: receive, from a second device, configuration information indicating: a set of measurement resources, and at least one measurement resource indicator, each measurement resource indicator corresponding to a time instance, the at least one measurement resource indicator being associated with the set of measurement resources; and determine, based at least in part on the configuration information, measurement resources corresponding to a time instance.
[0007] In a third aspect, there is provided a second device. The second device comprises: a processor configured to cause the second device to: transmit, to a first device, configuration information related to a plurality of first sets of elements; receive, from the first device, at least one message comprising information indicating or determined based on a plurality of sets of predicted results, wherein the plurality of sets of predicted results is obtained by the first device based at least in part on the configuration information, a plurality of sets of predicted results associated with a second set of elements and each set of predicted results corresponding to a first set of the plurality of first sets.
[0008] In a fourth aspect, there is provided a second device. The second device comprises: a processor configured to cause the second device to: generate, configuration information indicating: a set of measurement resources, and at least one measurement resource indicator, each measurement resource indicator corresponding to a time instance, the at least one measurement resource indicator being associated with the set of measurement resources; and transmit the configuration information to a first device, such that the first device determines measurement resources for a time instance based at least in part on the configuration information.
[0009] In a fifth aspect, there is provided a communication method performed by a first device. The method comprises: receiving, from a second device, configuration information related to a plurality of first sets of elements; obtaining, based at least in part on the configuration information, a plurality of sets of predicted results associated with a second set of elements, each set of predicted results corresponding to a first set of the plurality of first sets; and transmitting, to the second device, at least one message comprising information indicating or determined based on the plurality of sets of predicted results.
[0010] In a sixth aspect, there is provided a communication method performed by a first device. The method comprises: receiving, from a second device, configuration information indicating: a set of measurement resources, and at least one measurement resource indicator, each measurement resource indicator corresponding to a time instance, the at least one measurement resource indicator being associated with the set of measurement resources; and determining, based at least in part on the configuration information, measurement resources corresponding to a time instance.
[0011] In a seventh aspect, there is provided a communication method performed by a second device. The method comprises: transmitting, to a first device, configuration information related to a plurality of first sets of elements; receiving, from the first device, at least one message comprising information indicating or determined based on a plurality of sets of predicted results, wherein the plurality of sets of predicted results is obtained by the first device based at least in part on the configuration information, a plurality of sets of predicted results associated with a second set of elements and each set of predicted results corresponding to a first set of the plurality of first sets.
[0012] In an eighth aspect, there is provided a communication method performed by a second device. The method comprises: generating, configuration information indicating: a set of measurement resources, and at least one measurement resource indicator, each measurement resource indicator corresponding to a time instance, the at least one measurement resource indicator being associated with the set of measurement resources; and transmitting the configuration information to a first device, such that the first device determines measurement resources for a time instance based at least in part on the configuration information.
[0013] In a ninth aspect, there is provided a computer readable medium having instructions stored thereon, the instructions, when executed on at least one processor, causing the at least one processor to carry out the method according to the fifth, sixth, seventh, or eighth aspect.
[0014] Other features of the present disclosure will become easily comprehensible through the following description.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0015] Through the more detailed description of some example embodiments of the present disclosure in the accompanying drawings, the above and other objects, features and advantages of the present disclosure will become more apparent, wherein:
[0016] FIG. 1 illustrates an example communication environment in which example embodiments of the present disclosure can be implemented;
[0017] FIG. 2 illustrates example diagrams of different first sets in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0018] FIG. 3 illustrates a signaling flow of communication in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0019] FIGS. 4-8 illustrate signaling flows of communication in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0020] FIG. 9 illustrates a signaling flow of communication in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0021] FIG. 10 illustrates an example diagram of a procedure of determining measurement resources in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0022] FIG. 11 illustrates a flowchart of a communication method implemented at a first device according to some example embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0023] FIG. 12 illustrates a flowchart of a communication method implemented at a first device according to some example embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0024] FIG. 13 illustrates a flowchart of a communication method implemented at a second device according to some example embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0025] FIG. 14 illustrates a flowchart of a communication method implemented at a second device according to some example embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0026] FIG. 15 illustrates a simplified block diagram of an apparatus that is suitable for implementing example embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0027] Throughout the drawings, the same or similar reference numerals represent the same or similar element.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0028] Principle of the present disclosure will now be described with reference to some example embodiments. It is to be understood that these embodiments are described only for the purpose of illustration and help those skilled in the art to understand and implement the present disclosure, without suggesting any limitation as to the scope of the disclosure. Embodiments described herein can be implemented in various manners other than the ones described below.
[0029] In the following description and claims, unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skills in the art to which this disclosure belongs.
[0030] As used herein, the term ‘terminal device’ refers to any device having wireless or wired communication capabilities. Examples of the terminal device include, but not limited to, user equipment (UE) , personal computers, desktops, mobile phones, cellular phones, smart phones, personal digital assistants (PDAs) , portable computers, tablets, wearable devices, internet of things (IoT) devices, Ultra-reliable and Low Latency Communications (URLLC) devices, Internet of Everything (IoE) devices, machine type communication (MTC) devices, devices on vehicle for V2X communication where X means pedestrian, vehicle, or infrastructure / network, devices for Integrated Access and Backhaul (IAB) , Space borne vehicles or Air borne vehicles in Non-terrestrial networks (NTN) including Satellites and High Altitude Platforms (HAPs) encompassing Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) , eXtended Reality (XR) devices including different types of realities such as Augmented Reality (AR) , Mixed Reality (MR) and Virtual Reality (VR) , the unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) commonly known as a drone which is an aircraft without any human pilot, devices on high speed train (HST) , or image capture devices such as digital cameras, sensors, gaming devices, music storage and playback appliances, or Internet appliances enabling wireless or wired Internet access and browsing and the like. The ‘terminal device’ can further have ‘multicast / broadcast’ feature, to support public safety and mission critical, V2X applications, transparent IPv4 / IPv6 multicast delivery, IPTV, smart TV, radio services, software delivery over wireless, group communications and IoT applications. It may also incorporate one or multiple Subscriber Identity Module (SIM) as known as Multi-SIM. The term “terminal device” can be used interchangeably with a UE, a mobile station, a subscriber station, a mobile terminal, a user terminal or a wireless device.
[0031] The term “network device” refers to a device which is capable of providing or hosting a cell or coverage where terminal devices can communicate. Examples of a network device include, but not limited to, a Node B (NodeB or NB) , an evolved NodeB (eNodeB or eNB) , a next generation NodeB (gNB) , a transmission reception point (TRP) , a remote radio unit (RRU) , a radio head (RH) , a remote radio head (RRH) , an IAB node, a low power node such as a femto node, a pico node, a reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) , and the like.
[0032] The terminal device or the network device may have Artificial intelligence (AI) or Machine learning capability. It generally includes a model which has been trained from numerous collected data for a specific function, and can be used to predict some information.
[0033] The terminal or the network device may work on several frequency ranges, e.g., FR1 (e.g., 450 MHz to 6000 MHz) , FR2 (e.g., 24.25GHz to 52.6GHz) , frequency band larger than 100 GHz as well as Tera Hertz (THz) . It can further work on licensed / unlicensed / shared spectrum. The terminal device may have more than one connection with the network devices under Multi-Radio Dual Connectivity (MR-DC) application scenario. The terminal device or the network device can work on full duplex, flexible duplex and cross division duplex modes.
[0034] The embodiments of the present disclosure may be performed in test equipment, e.g., signal generator, signal analyzer, spectrum analyzer, network analyzer, test terminal device, test network device, channel emulator. In some embodiments, the terminal device may be connected with a first network device and a second network device. One of the first network device and the second network device may be a master node and the other one may be a secondary node. The first network device and the second network device may use different radio access technologies (RATs) . In some embodiments, the first network device may be a first RAT device and the second network device may be a second RAT device. In some embodiments, the first RAT device is eNB and the second RAT device is gNB. Information related with different RATs may be transmitted to the terminal device from at least one of the first network device or the second network device. In some embodiments, first information may be transmitted to the terminal device from the first network device and second information may be transmitted to the terminal device from the second network device directly or via the first network device. In some embodiments, information related with configuration for the terminal device configured by the second network device may be transmitted from the second network device via the first network device. Information related with reconfiguration for the terminal device configured by the second network device may be transmitted to the terminal device from the second network device directly or via the first network device.
[0035] As used herein, the singular forms ‘a’ , ‘an’ and ‘the’ are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. The term ‘includes’ and its variants are to be read as open terms that mean ‘includes, but is not limited to. ’ The term ‘based on’ is to be read as ‘at least in part based on. ’ The term ‘one embodiment’ and ‘an embodiment’ are to be read as ‘at least one embodiment. ’ The term ‘another embodiment’ is to be read as ‘at least one other embodiment. ’ The terms ‘first, ’ ‘second, ’ and the like may refer to different or same objects. Other definitions, explicit and implicit, may be included below.
[0036] In some examples, values, procedures, or apparatus are referred to as ‘best, ’ ‘lowest, ’ ‘highest, ’ ‘minimum, ’ ‘maximum, ’ or the like. It will be appreciated that such descriptions are intended to indicate that a selection among many used functional alternatives can be made, and such selections need not be better, smaller, higher, or otherwise preferable to other selections.
[0037] As used herein, the term “resource, ” “transmission resource, ” “uplink resource, ” or “downlink resource” may refer to any resource for performing a communication, such as a resource in time domain, a resource in frequency domain, a resource in space domain, a resource in code domain, or any other resource enabling a communication, and the like. In the following, unless explicitly stated, a resource in both frequency domain and time domain will be used as an example of a transmission resource for describing some example embodiments of the present disclosure. It is noted that example embodiments of the present disclosure are equally applicable to other resources in other domains.
[0038] As used herein, the terms “UE expects” , “UE does not expect, “terminal device expects” , “terminal device does not expect” may imply restrictions on a configuration of a network device (also referred to as NW configuration) . The terms “UE is not expected to” and “terminal device is not expected to” may imply a terminal implementation, also referred to as UE implementation. In some embodiments, the terms “UE does not expect” and “UE is not expected to” may be used equally.
[0039] As discussed above, the terminal device and the network device may use different ML models to assist communication-related functionalities, such as, beam management (BM) , mobility management and so on.
[0040] So far, two BM cases (i.e., BM-case1 and BM-case2) have been proposed and discussed separately, specifically,
[0041] ● BM-Case1: Spatial-domain downlink beam prediction for Set A of beams based on measurement results of Set B of beams;
[0042] Consider: 1) : artificial intelligence (AI) / machine learning (ML) model training and inference at NW side. 2) : AI / ML model training and inference at UE side.
[0043] Consider: 1) : Set A and Set B are different (Set B is not a subset of Set A) . 2) : Set B is a subset of Set A. Note: Set A is for DL beam prediction.
[0044] AI / ML model input consider: 1) : Only L1-RSRP measurement based on Set B; 2) : L1-RSRP measurement based on Set B and assistance information; 3) : channel impulse response (CIR) based on Set B; 4) : layer 1 (L1) -reference signal receiving power (RSRP) measurement based on Set B and the corresponding DL Tx and / or Rx beam ID.
[0045] ● BM-Case2: Temporal Downlink beam prediction for Set A of beams based on the historic measurement results of Set B of beams;
[0046] Consider: 1) : AI / ML model training and inference at network (NW) side. 2) : AI / ML model training and inference at UE side.
[0047] Consider: 1) : Set A and Set B are different (Set B is not a subset of Set A) . 2) : Set B is a subset of Set A (Set A and Set B are not the same) . 3) : Set A and Set B are the same.
[0048] AI / ML model input consider: measurement results of K (K≥1) latest measurement instances with the following alternatives: 1) : Only L1-signal reference signal received power measurement (RSRP) based on Set B; 2) : L1-RSRP measurement based on Set B and assistance information; 3) : L1-RSRP measurement based on Set B and the corresponding downlink (DL) Tx and / or Rx beam ID.
[0049] F predictions for F future time instances can be obtained based on the output of AI / ML model, where each prediction is for each time instance. At least F=1.
[0050] Set B is a set of beams whose measurements may be taken as inputs of the AI / ML model.
[0051] The monitoring phase is an important process for the AI / ML model. For BM-Case1 and BM-Case2 with a UE-side AI / ML model, Type 1 performance monitoring and Type 2 performance monitoring may be supported.
[0052] In a case of Type 1 performance monitoring, gNB may provide configuration / Signalling to UE for measurement and / or reporting. UE may have different operations as below: Option 1 (NW-side performance monitoring) : UE sends reporting to NW (e.g., for the calculation of performance metric at NW) ; and Option 2 (UE-assisted performance monitoring) : UE calculates performance metric (s) , either reports it to NW or reports an event to NW based on the performance metric (s) .
[0053] Further, an indication may be transmitted from NW for UE to do life circle management (LCM) operations.
[0054] As for Type 2 performance monitoring, indication / request / report may be transmitted from UE to gNB for performance monitoring, and configuration / signalling may be transmitted from gNB to UE for performance monitoring measurement and / or reporting. If it is for UE side model monitoring, UE makes decision (s) of model selection / activation / deactivation / switching / fallback operation.
[0055] Mechanism that facilitates the UE to detect whether the functionality / model is suitable or no longer suitable.
[0056] For BM-Case1 and BM-Case2 with a NW-side AI / ML model, beam measurement and reporting for model monitoring may be performed. In operation, UE reporting of beam measurement (s) may be based on a set of beams indicated by gNB, where signalling may be such as radio resource control (RRC) -based, layer 1-based.
[0057] NW monitors the performance metric (s) and makes decision (s) of model selection / activation / deactivation / switching / fallback operation.
[0058] Further, for BM-Case1 and BM-Case2 with a UE-side AI / ML model, support Type 1 performance monitoring, including the following two options.
[0059] Option 1 (NW-side performance monitoring) : UE sends a report to NW (for the calculation of performance metric at NW) , where measurement results is transmitted from resource set for monitoring, e.g., L1-RSRP and / or RS index is supported as the content of the report; The report is at least configured / triggered by NW. Option 2 (UE-assisted performance monitoring) : UE calculates performance metric (s) .
[0060] In addition to the above Type 1 and Type 2, Type 3 performance monitoring also has be proposed. For the boundary between Type 3 and Type 1 performance monitoring, the difference is whether UE reports performance metric or performance monitoring output to NW, respectively. The monitoring output is determined based on performance metric.
[0061] For UE-sided model at least for BM Case-1, CSI-ReportConfig is used for the configuration of inference results reporting, and below options may be used:
[0062] ● option 1: one CSI-ResourceConfigId is configured for Set B;
[0063] ● option 2: one CSI-ResourceConfigId is configured for both Set A and Set B;
[0064] ● option 3: two CSI-ResourceConfigId s are configured for Set A and Set B separately;
[0065] ● option 4: one CSI-ResourceConfigId is configured for Set B, Set A is configured using separate resource set (s) other than that represented by CSI-ResourceConfigId. Further, it is noted that separate CSI-ReportConfig for Set A and Set B are not precluded and do not perform measurement for Set A and only perform measurement for Set B subject to the CSI-ReportConfig.
[0066] For performance monitoring, study the following metrics calculated at UE and / or gNB side. Alt. 1-1: Statistical results on beam prediction accuracy related KPIs, e.g., Top-K / 1 beam prediction accuracy, beam prediction accuracy within 1 dB margin; Alt. 1-2: Hypothetical on beam prediction accuracy related KPIs on a subset of Set A of beams, e.g., Top-K / 1 beam prediction accuracy, based on configured resource (s) ; Alt 1-3: The measured Top-K beam (s) of Set A and the predicted Top-K beam (s) of Set A are all the same or not; Alt 1-4: beam prediction ranking / ordering accuracy, e.g., by comparing the ranking / ordering of the best beams derived from model output and the ranking of the best beams derived from measurement.
[0067] Alt 2-1: Measured L1-RSRP of configured resource (s) ; Alt 2-2: Hypothetical L1-RSRP based on the configured resource (s) ; Alt 2-3: The L1-RSRP difference between the measured Top-K beam (s) of Set A and predicted Top-K beam (s) of Set A are larger than a threshold value or not; Alt 2-4: reporting of “L1-RSRP difference predicted” corresponding to predicted L1-RSRP of Top-1 predicted beam, if predicted L1-RSRP is supported by AI / ML model output; Alt 2-5: considering L1-RSRP of monitoring RS resources, determining hypothetical BLER-like metrics based on the RS measurements, and so on.
[0068] Alt 3-1: Probability information of the predicted beam to be the Top 1; Alt 3-2: A confidence interval or prediction interval associated with predicted L1-RSRPs at a specific confidence level (e.g., 95%) ; Alt 3-3: The probability information of Top-1 beam of Set A is lower than a threshold value or not.
[0069] Alt 4-1: The L1-RSRP difference between the measured [L1-] RSRP and predicted RSRP according of a Set of beams to beam (s) in the same target Set A or Set B, e.g., the RSRP difference between the predicted Top 1 beam or [average of] Top K beam (s) , the RSRP difference between the genie-aided Top 1 beam or [average of] Top K beam (s) ; Alt 4-2: The L1-RSRP difference between measured [L1-] RSRP of current beam and predicted RSRP of the predicted Top 1 beam.
[0070] Some further discussions are expected to be further discussed, such as,
[0071] ● spatial-domain downlink (DL) transmit (Tx) beam prediction for Set A of beams based on measurement results of Set B of beams ( “BM-Case1” ) ;
[0072] ● temporal DL Tx beam prediction for Set A of beams based on the historic measurement results of Set B of beams ( “BM-Case2” ) ;
[0073] ● necessary signalling / mechanism (s) to facilitate life cycle management (LCM) operations specific to the Beam Management use cases, if any;
[0074] ● enabling method (s) to ensure consistency between training and inference regarding network (NW) -side additional conditions (if identified) for inference at UE.
[0075] For better descriptions, some terms used herein are listed as below:
[0076] UE-side (AI / ML) model means an AI / ML Model whose inference is performed entirely at the UE;
[0077] Model inference means a process of using a trained AI / ML model to produce a set of outputs based on a set of inputs;
[0078] Performance monitoring means a procedure that monitors the (inference) performance related to the AI / ML model;
[0079] Model training means a process to train an AI / ML Model [by learning the input / output relationship] in a data driven manner and obtain the trained AI / ML Model for inference;
[0080] Model switching means deactivating a currently active AI / ML model and activating a different AI / ML model for a specific AI / ML-enabled feature;
[0081] Model selection means a process of selecting an AI / ML model for activation among multiple models for the same AI / ML enabled feature;
[0082] Model update means a process of updating the model parameters and / or model structure of a model;
[0083] Model monitoring means a procedure that monitors the inference performance of the AI / ML model;
[0084] Model activation means to enable an AI / ML model for a specific AI / ML-enabled feature;
[0085] Model deactivation means to disable an AI / ML model for a specific AI / ML-enabled feature;
[0086] Measurement result (s) / beam quality may include but be not limited to, L1-reference signal received power (RSRP) , L1-SINR, L1-received signal strengthen indicator (RSSI) , L1-reference signal received quality (RSRQ) , RSRP, SINR, RSSI, or RSRQ;
[0087] Beam refers to a reference signal (RS) (e.g., Channel state information reference signal, (CSI-RS) , synchronization signal or physical broadcast channel (PBCH) Block, SSB, sounding reference signal, SRS) or an RS resource, transmission configuration indicator (TCI) state, RS of a quasi co-location (QCL) type (e.g., typeA, typeB, typeC, typeD) , pathloss reference RS, uplink power control (parameter) ;
[0088] Beam ID refers to CSI-RS resource indicator (CRI) / SRS resource indicator (SSBRI) , TCI state ID, pathloss reference RS ID, or uplink power control ID;
[0089] Predicted / prediction beam refers to a beam that is configured for prediction;
[0090] Measured beam refers to an RS (e.g., CSI-RS, SSB, SRS) or RS resource configured / used for measuring L1-RSRP or L1-SINR and so on, or configured / used as channel measurement resource (CMR) or interference measurement resource (IMR) . In the present disclosure, measured (or reported) beam may be referred to as ‘beam’ for brevity;
[0091] Top-1 predicted beam in a set of beams refers to the predicted beam having the largest probability of the predicted beam to be the Top 1 or / and having the largest predicted L1-RSRP in the set of beams.
[0092] Top-1 genie-aided beam in a set of beams is interchangeably with Top-1 measured beam, it refers to the measured beam having the largest measured L1-RSRP in the set of beams.
[0093] ‘Top M beam (s) out of a set of beams’ means the top M (M≥1) beam (s) with the largest L1-RSRP / L1-SINR out of the set of beams. In this patent, it can be referred to as ‘top M beams’ . Top 1 beam is interchangeably with the best / strongest beam;
[0094] Time instance refers to a time interval, time stamp, time duration or a period of time, (channel status information, CSI, or beam) application / dwelling time. Time instance is interchangeably with time interval / stamp / duration / point, report instance, measurement instance, measurement report instance, reporting time instance, measurement time instance, measurement reporting time instance.
[0095] In the context of the present disclosure,
[0096] wording “comprise (of) ” may be replaced with include, indicate.
[0097] Beam may be interchangeably with (Tx / Rx) beam, beam direction / orientation, RS (e.g., channel status information-reference signal, CSI-RS, synchronization signal and physical broadcast channel (PBCH) block, SSB, sounding reference signal, SRS) , RS resource, transmission configuration indicator (TCI) state, Quasi Co-Location (QCL) RS (e.g., QCL-typeD RS) , measurement RS, measurement RS resource, path-loss RS. Further, terms “beam” may be replaced by “beam pair” ;
[0098] Beam may be replaced or represented by beam ID, where the beam ID is interchangeably with (Tx / Rx) beam ID, RS (e.g., CSI-RS, SSB, SRS) ID, RS resource ID (e.g., CSI-RS resource indicator, CRI, SSB resource indicator, SSBRI) , TCI state ID, QCL RS (e.g., QCL-typeD RS) ID, measurement RS ID, measurement RS resource ID, path-loss RS ID.
[0099] Beam information may comprise at least one of: beam index, CRI, SSBRI, beam pattern index, indicator of a set of beams.
[0100] Beam quality comprise at least one of L1-RSRP, L1-interference plus noise ratio (SINR) , RSRP, SINR, reference signal receiving quality (RSRQ) , received signal strength indication (RSSI) , reference signal carrier phase (RSCP) . The above information may be interchangeable.
[0101] Condition may be interchangeable with (pre-defined) condition, event, rule, criterion.
[0102] Configure may be interchangeably with indicate, provide, activate, trigger.
[0103] Report may be interchangeably with transmit, send, provide, indicate.
[0104] Beam report may be interchangeably with measurement report, which may be periodic, semi-persistent or aperiodic report configured by NW (e.g., CSI report) , or event / UE triggered / initiated report. The beam report may be carried by an UCI, UL MAC CE or UL RRC.
[0105] Parameter may be interchangeably with IE (information element) , higher layer (e.g., RRC layer) configuration / parameter.
[0106] Group may be interchangeably with set, list.
[0107] Equal is interchangeably with same, consistent, close, similar.
[0108] terms “ID” , “identifier” , “identity” , “index” or “indicator” , “indication” may be used interchangeably;
[0109] Output may be interchangeably with infer, predict, estimate, calculate, determine;
[0110] UE (or NW) is interchangeably with over the top (OTT) (server) , Operation, Administration and Maintenance (OAM, server) , core network (CN, server) , edge cloud (server) , transmission reception point (TRP) ;
[0111] wording “provided by a device” may be replaced by “configured by a device” , “indicated by a device” and “activated by a device” .
[0112] As used herein, term “generate” may refer to measure, determine, or calculate. For example, generating a value may refer to obtain a value by measuring, determining a value, or calculating a value and so on.
[0113] As used herein, term “specific” means predefined, predetermined, particular, or unique. For example, a specific beam may refer to a predefined beam, a predetermined beam, a particular beam, or a unique beam.
[0114] As used herein, LCM of model comprises at least one of: model selection, model switching, model activation, model deactivation, fallback (to non-AI / ML) .
[0115] As used herein, model may refer to AI / ML, AI / ML model, functionality, AI / ML functionality, AI-enabled feature / feature group (FG) , which means a data driven algorithm that applies AI / ML techniques to generate a set of (AI / ML) outputs based on a set of (AI / ML) inputs. AI / ML-enabled feature refers to a feature where AI / ML may be used.
[0116] Functionality refers to an AI / ML-enabled Feature / FG enabled by configuration (s) , where configuration (s) is (are) supported based on conditions indicated by UE capability.
[0117] Model may be associated with specific configurations / conditions associated with UE capability of an AI / ML-enabled Feature / FG and additional conditions (e.g., scenarios, sites, and datasets) as determined / identified between UE-side and NW-side.
[0118] Model may be represented by model ID. Model ID is interchangeably with associated ID, functionality ID, dataset ID, scenario ID, zone ID, configuration ID, quantization ID, local (model) ID, global (model) ID, logical (model) ID, physical (model) ID, etc.
[0119] As used herein, RRC message is a L3 signaling. medium access control control element (MAC CE) is a L2 signaling. uplink control information (UCI) is a L1 signaling. Each of them may be transmitted in physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) or / and physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) .
[0120] The threshold used in herein may be configured by NW and optionally based on a UE capability information.
[0121] In some embodiments, an input of the ML model (i.e., AI input) may refer to the input of a model and indicate data inputted into the model, which may be equivalent to data.
[0122] In some embodiments, an output of ML model (i.e., AI output) may refers to the output of a model and indicate result (s) outputted by the model, which is equivalent to label / data.
[0123] In some embodiments, the model may comprise a set of weights values that may be learned during training, for example for a specific architecture or configuration, where a set of weights values may also be called a parameter set.
[0124] Wording ‘A corresponds to B’ may be replaced by ‘A is associated with B’ , ‘A is mapped to B’ , or ‘B is mapped to A’ . Term ‘confidence’ may be replaced by uncertainty, reliability, probability, confidence level.
[0125] As used herein, performance metric may comprise at least one of: beam prediction accuracy, L1-RSRP difference, or uncertain information.
[0126] Beam prediction accuracy may comprise at least one of the following:
[0127] ● Statistical results on beam prediction accuracy related Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) , e.g., Top-K / 1 beam prediction accuracy, beam prediction accuracy within 1 dB margin.
[0128] ● Hypothetical on beam prediction accuracy related KPIs on a subset of Set A of beams, e.g., Top-K / 1 beam prediction accuracy, based on configured resource (s) .
[0129] ● The measured Top-K beam (s) of Set A and the predicted Top-K beam (s) of Set A are all the same or not.
[0130] ● Beam prediction ranking / ordering accuracy, e.g., by comparing the ranking / ordering of the best beams derived from model output and the ranking of the best beams derived from measurement.
[0131] L1-RSRP difference may comprise at least one of:
[0132] ● Measured L1-RSRP of configured resource (s) .
[0133] ● Hypothetical L1-RSRP based on the configured resource (s) .
[0134] ● The L1-RSRP difference between the measured Top-K beam (s) of Set A and predicted Top-K beam (s) of Set A are larger than a threshold value or not.
[0135] ● Reporting of “L1-RSRP difference predicted” corresponding to predicted L1-RSRP of Top-1 predicted beam, if predicted L1-RSRP is supported by AI / ML model output.
[0136] ● Considering L1-RSRP of monitoring RS resources, determining hypothetical BLER-like metrics based on the RS measurements and so on.
[0137] ● The L1-RSRP difference between the measured [L1-] RSRP and predicted RSRP according of a Set of beams to beam (s) in the same target Set A or Set B, and so on.
[0138] ● The RSRP difference between the predicted Top 1 beam or [average of] Top K beam (s) .
[0139] ● The RSRP difference between the genie-aided Top 1 beam or [average of] Top K beam (s) .
[0140] ● The L1-RSRP difference between measured [L1-] RSRP of current beam and predicted RSRP of the predicted Top 1 beam.
[0141] Uncertain information may comprise at least one of:
[0142] ● Probability information of the predicted beam to be the Top 1 or Top K (K > 1) .
[0143] ● A confidence interval or prediction interval associated with predicted L1-RSRPs at a specific confidence level (e.g., 95%) .
[0144] ● The probability information of Top-1 beam of Set A is lower than a threshold value or not.
[0145] In the present disclosure, ‘UE determines whether certain information satisfy certain criterion / threshold’ may also comprise at least one of the following:
[0146] ● UE determines whether certain information satisfy certain criterion / threshold over a time duration (maybe configured by NW) .
[0147] ● UE determines whether certain information satisfy certain criterion / threshold N consecutive times (N ≥ 1, maybe configured by NW) .
[0148] Beam is used as an example of element. However, an element indeed may be a beam, a cell or an event or other suitable elements. The present disclosure is not limited in this regard.
[0149] It should be noted that in some embodiments, Set B is used as an example of the first set of elements and Set A is used as an example of the second set of elements, UE is used as an example of the first device, NW is used as an example of the second device. Such example embodiments are merely for a better understanding, which should not be interpreted as any limitation to the present disclosure.
[0150] Principles and implementations of the present disclosure will be described in detail below with reference to the figures.
[0151] Example environment
[0152] FIG. 1 illustrates a schematic diagram of an example communication environment 100 in which example embodiments of the present disclosure can be implemented. In the communication environment 100, a plurality of communication devices, including a first device 110 and a second device 120, can communicate with each other.
[0153] Further, multiple input multiple output (MIMO) is supported in the communication environment 100, such that the second device 120 and the first device 110 may communicate with each other via different beams to enable a directional communication.
[0154] In FIG. 1, the first / second device may be included a terminal device, a network device, an over the top (OTT) (server) , an operation administration and maintenance (OAM) (server) , an edge cloud (server) , a neutral site, core network and so on.
[0155] As one example scenario, the first device 110 may include a terminal device and the second device 120 may include a network device serving the terminal device. In this specific example embodiment, a link from the first device 110 to the second device 120 is referred to as uplink, while a link from the second device 120 to the first device 110 is referred to as a downlink.
[0156] In downlink, the second device 120 is a transmitting (TX) device (or a transmitter) and the first device 110 is a receiving (RX) device (or a receiver) , and the second device 120 may transmit downlink transmission to the first device 110 via one or more beams.
[0157] Correspondingly, in uplink, the second device 120 is an RX device (or a receiver) and the first device 110 is a TX device (or a transmitter) , and the first device 110 may transmit uplink transmission to the second device 120 via one or more beams. As illustrated in FIG. 1, the first device 110 transmits uplink transmission to the second device 120 via the beams 130-1 to 130-3. For purpose of discussion, the beams 130-1 to 130-3 are collectively or individually referred to as beam 130.
[0158] In some embodiments, one or more models may be deployed at the second device 120 and / or the first device 110. As illustrated in FIG. 1, the model 115 is deployed at the first device 110.
[0159] It is to be understood that the number of devices and their connections shown in FIG. 1 are only for the purpose of illustration without suggesting any limitation. The communication environment 100 may include any suitable number of devices configured to implementing example embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0160] In some embodiments, the first device 110 and the second device 120 may communicate with each other via a channel such as a wireless communication channel on an air interface (e.g., Uu interface) . The wireless communication channel may comprise a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) , a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) , a physical random-access channel (PRACH) , a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) , a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) and a physical broadcast channel (PBCH) . Of course, any other suitable channels are also feasible.
[0161] The communications in the communication environment 100 may conform to any suitable standards including, but not limited to, Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) , Long Term Evolution (LTE) , LTE-Evolution, LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) , New Radio (NR) , Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA) , Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) , GSM EDGE Radio Access Network (GERAN) , Machine Type Communication (MTC) and the like. The embodiments of the present disclosure may be performed according to any generation communication protocols either currently known or to be developed in the future. Examples of the communication protocols include, but not limited to, the first generation (1G) , the second generation (2G) , 2.5G, 2.75G, the third generation (3G) , the fourth generation (4G) , 4.5G, the fifth generation (5G) communication protocols, 5.5G, 5G-Advanced networks, or the sixth generation (6G) networks.
[0162] Example processes
[0163] For an AI / ML model for beam prediction, multiple Sets B with different input beam sizes or input beam patterns may be supported as input of the AI / ML model.
[0164] Reference is now made to FIG. 2, which illustrates example diagrams 200 of different first sets (Sets B) in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. In the example of FIG. 2, there are four Sets B, i.e., Set B-0, Set B-1, Set B-2, Set B-3.
[0165] Generally speaking, the larger input beam size corresponds to the better the performance of model inference, but will lead to larger overhead and latency of beam measurement. During model inference, the Set B (i.e., beam measurement resources) is configured by NW, and the Set B may come from the supported multiple Sets B or be configured based on one of the supported multiple Sets B. To achieve this, performance monitoring for multiple Sets B (with different input beam sizes or input beam patterns) needs to be supported. According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, the performance monitoring for multiple Sets B will be enabled.
[0166] Reference is made to FIG. 3, which illustrates a signaling flow 300 for communication in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. For the purposes of discussion, the signaling flow 300 will be discussed with reference to FIG. 1, for example, by using the first device 110 and the second device 120.
[0167] It is to be understood that the operations at the first device 110 and the second device 120 should be coordinated. In other words, the second device 120 and the first device 110 should have common understanding about configurations, parameters and so on. Such common understanding may be implemented by any suitable interactions between the second device 120 and the first device 110 or both the second device 120 and the first device 110 applying the same rule / policy. In the following, although some operations are described from a perspective of the first device 110, it is to be understood that the corresponding operations should be performed by the second device 120. Similarly, although some operations are described from a perspective of the second device 120, it is to be understood that the corresponding operations should be performed by the first device 110. Merely for brevity, some of the same or similar contents are omitted here.
[0168] In the example of FIG. 2, a model is deployed at the first device 110 and multiple Sets B may be supported by the model.
[0169] In operation, the second device 120 trasnmits (320-1) configuration information (which may be comprised in one or more messages) related to a plurality of first sets of elements (such as, a plurality of Sets B) to the first device 110, and the first device 110 receives (320-2) the configuration information accordingly.
[0170] As for the first device 110, the first device 110 obtains (330) a plurality of sets of predicted results (such as, Top 1 / K beam / cell / event and corresponding RSRP (s) ) associated with a second set of elements (such as, Set A) based at least in part on the configuration information, where each set of predicted results corresponds to a first set of the plurality of first sets.
[0171] Then the first device 110 transmit (340-1) at least one message comprising information indicating the plurality of sets of predicted results (or determined based on the plurality of sets of predicted results) to the second device 120, and the second device 120 receives (340-2) the at least one message accordingly.
[0172] In some embodiments, different first sets in the plurality of first sets may be different in terms of at least one of the following: a number of elements in the first set, or a pattern of elements comprised in the first set.
[0173] Details about the configuration information will be discussed. In some embodiments, the configuration information may comprise at least one of the following:
[0174] ● an indication indicating the first device 110 to perform measurements and / or reporting for the plurality of first sets,
[0175] ● a number of elements in the first set,
[0176] ● a minimum number of elements in the first set,
[0177] ● a maximum number of elements in the first set,
[0178] ● a pattern of elements in the first set,
[0179] ● a minimum number of first sets of elements, or
[0180] ● a maximum number of first sets of elements.
[0181] Optionally, the first device 110 also may provide capability-related information to the second device 120. Specifically, in some embodiments, the first device 110 may transmit capability-related information to the second device 120, where the capability-related information may comprise at least one of the following:
[0182] ● a number of elements in the first set supported by the first device 110,
[0183] ● a minimum number of elements in the first set supported by the first device 110,
[0184] ● a maximum number of elements in the first set supported by the first device 110,
[0185] ● a pattern of elements in the first set supported by the first device 110,
[0186] ● a minimum number of first sets of elements supported by the first device 110, or
[0187] ● a maximum number of first sets of elements supported by the first device 110.
[0188] In some embodiments, the information comprised in the at least one message may comprise at least part of the plurality of sets of predicted results.
[0189] Alternatively, or in addition, in some embodiments, the information comprised in the at least one message may comprise at least part of a plurality of sets of performance metrics determined based on the plurality of sets of predicted results.
[0190] Alternatively, or in addition, in some embodiments, the information comprised in the at least one message may comprise a monitoring output determined based on the plurality of sets of performance metrics.
[0191] It should be noted that the information discussed herein may comprise any suitable information which may indicate or be determined based on the plurality of sets of predicted results and the above examples of information should not be interpreted as any limitation to the present disclosure.
[0192] According to the different information comprised in the message (s) , different embodiments are discussed separately below.
[0193] Embodiments where the information may comprise at least part of the plurality of sets of predicted results will be discussed in the following.
[0194] In some embodiments, the first device 110 may perform measurements on the plurality of first sets of elements and / or the second set of elements, and may further determine the plurality of sets of performance metrics based on at least one of the following: measurement results of the plurality of first sets of elements, measurement results of the second set of elements, or the plurality of sets of predicted results, where each of the plurality of sets of performance metrics corresponding to a first set of the plurality of first sets of elements.
[0195] In some embodiments, in the at least one message, a mapping order of the plurality of sets of predicted results is determined based on at least one of the following:
[0196] ● an indicator of the first set,
[0197] ● an indicator of a number of elements in the first set, or
[0198] ● an indicator of a pattern of the elements comprised in the first set.
[0199] Merely for a better understand, more details will be discussed with reference to FIG. 4, which illustrates a signaling flow 400 of communication in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0200] In the example of FIG. 4, at Step 0, UE may report to NW UE capability information (or / and UE assistance information (UAI) ) related to Set B in at least one UL RRC message (e.g., UE capability, UAI) . Wherein the UE capability information (or / and UAI) related to Set B may comprise at least one of the following:
[0201] ● Input beam size. It may indicate the number of beams in a beam set (i.e., Set B) corresponding to the input of the model. For example, if it is represented by ‘A’ , it may indicate that measured RSRPs of A (A>0) beams are used as the input of the model.
[0202] ● Minimum input beam size. It may indicate the minimum number of beams allowed in the Set B. For example, if it is represented by ‘B’ , it may indicate that the model input (i.e., the Set B) requires measured RSRPs of at least B (B>0) beams.
[0203] ● Maximum input beam size.
[0204] ● Input beam pattern. It may indicate the pattern (or beam combination) of beams in the beam set (i.e., Set B) corresponding to the input of the model. For example, assuming the Set B is a subset of the Set A (i.e., beam set corresponding to the output of the model) , and the input size is equal to 8 and the output size is 64. As shown in the following figures, the left figure and right figure correspond to the same beam size, but different beam patterns.
[0205] ● Maximum number of Sets B. E. g., maximum number of Sets B configure for a measurement report.
[0206] ● Associated ID and / or model ID.
[0207] At Step 1, NW may provide UE with configuration information related to at least one of the following: measurement report (e.g., CSI report) , measurement resource, associated ID and / or model ID.
[0208] In some embodiments, information about the measurement report (e.g., CSI report) may comprise at least one of the following:
[0209] ● Type of measurement report may be periodic, semi-persistent, aperiodic, or event triggered.
[0210] ● The UL resource used for transmitting the measurement report may be PUCCH or PUSCH resource, and it may be carried by at least one of an UL RRC, an UL MAC CE or an UCI.
[0211] In some embodiments, information about the measurement resource may comprise at least one of the following:
[0212] ● Type of measurement resource may be periodic, semi-persistent or aperiodic.
[0213] ● The measurement resource may comprise one or more CSI-RS or SSB resource set. Specifically, it may comprise at least one of the following:
[0214] Multiple CSI-RS or SSB resource sets (i.e., multiple Sets B) .
[0215] One CSI-RS or SSB resource set (e.g., a Set A, or a beam combination of multiple Sets B) , and multiple indication information related to Set B. For a configured indication information related to Set B, UE may determine a Set B (i.e., a CSI-RS or SSB resource set corresponding to the input of the model) based on the indication information related to Set B and the CSI-RS or SSB resource set. Where the indication information related to Set B may comprise at least one of an input beam size, or an input beam pattern (e.g., a bitmap, a set of RS IDs) .
[0216] Based on the above configuration information provided by NW, UE may determine multiple Sets B, multiple input beam sizes, and / or multiple input beam patterns.
[0217] The above configuration information may be used by UE to calculate, determine or / and report information related to performance monitoring, which may assist UE or NW in determining the performance metric or / and making decision related to LCM (e.g., fallback (to non-AI / ML) , model activation / deactivation, model selection, model switching) . In the following embodiments, assuming UE determines 4 Sets B (i.e., Set B-0, Set B-1, Set B-2, Set B-3 as illustrated in FIG. 2) as follows based on the configured measurement resource. It should be noted that, more or less Sets B also may be determined in the other embodiments.
[0218] At Step 2: UE may determine measured RSRPs of the configured measurement resources corresponding to the multiple (configured or determined) Sets B, and / or the (configured or determined) Set A. For example, UE may determine: Measured RSRPs of beams in the Set B-0, Measured RSRPs of beams in the Set B-1, Measured RSRPs of beams in the Set B-2, Measured RSRPs of beams in the Set B-3 and Measured RSRPs of beams in the Set A.
[0219] At Step 3: UE may determine multiple sets of predicted beams (e.g., Top-1 or Top-K (K>1) predicted beams in the Set A) , and / or predicted RSRPs of the multiple sets of predicted beams, and / or a set of measured beams (e.g., Top-1 or Top-K (K>1) genie-aided beams in the Set A) . And each set of predicted beams may correspond to a (configured or determined) Set B. in other words, each reported set of predicted beams may correspond to at least one of a (configured) input beam size, or a (configured) input beam pattern. For example, UE may determine:
[0220] ● A first set of predicted beams, and / or predicted RSRPs of the first set of predicted beams based on the measured RSRPs of beams in the Set B-0 (and the model associated with the associated ID) .
[0221] ● A second set of predicted beams, and / or predicted RSRPs of the second set of predicted beams based on the measured RSRPs of beams in the Set B-1 (and the model associated with the associated ID) .
[0222] ● A first set of measured beams based on the measured RSRPs of beams in the Set A.
[0223] At Step 4, UE may report beam information (e.g., beam IDs) of the multiple sets of predicted beams, and / or the predicted RSRPs of the multiple sets of predicted beams. Each reported set of predicted beams may correspond to a Set B (i.e., an input beam size or / and input beam pattern) . Specifically, UE may report at least one of the following:
[0224] ● Beam IDs of the first set of predicted beams, or / and predicted RSRPs of the first set of predicted beams.
[0225] ● Beams IDs of the second set of predicted beams, or / and predicted RSRPs of the second set of predicted beams.
[0226] ● Beam IDs of the first set of measured beams, or / and measured RSRPs of the first set of measured beams.
[0227] In some embodiments, a mapping order of the CSI fields (indicating beam information of the multiple sets of predicted beams, or / and predicted RSRPs of the multiple sets of predicted beams) may be determined based on at least one of an indicator of Set B, an indicator or value of input beam size, or an indicator of input beam pattern.
[0228] In some embodiments, differential or group-based reporting (i.e., absolute RSRP and difference RSRP) for predicted or measured beams or / and RSRPs. Specifically, each set of predicted or measured beams or / and RSRPs corresponds to a group, and / or each set of predicted or measured beams or / and RSRPs corresponds to an independent absolute RSRP, and the difference RSRP of the remaining predicted or measured beams or / and RSRPs in this set is referenced to the absolute RSRP.
[0229] Optionally, all sets of predicted or measured beams or / and RSRPs correspond to the same absolute RSRP, and the difference RSRP of the remaining predicted or measured beams or / and RSRPs is referenced to the absolute RSRP. In this case, UE may report an indicator of Set B, input beam size or input beam pattern corresponding to the absolute RSRP.
[0230] At Step 5, based on the above information reported by UE, NW may determine multiple sets of performance metrics. Each set of performance metrics may correspond to a Set B (i.e., an input beam size or / and input beam pattern) . A set of performance metrics may comprise one or more performance metric, e.g., beam prediction accuracy, L1-RSRP difference, uncertain information.
[0231] Based on the determined performance metrics corresponding to multiple Sets B (i.e., input beam sizes and / or input beam patterns) , NW can know how to configure the measurement resource corresponding to the Set B to ensure the performance of model inference.
[0232] For example, NW can determine how many measurement beams need to be configured for a measurement report (for model inference) , assuming the following: for Set B-0, i.e., when the input beam size is equal to 8, the beam prediction accuracy is 70%; for Set B-1, i.e., when the input beam size is equal to 16, the beam predicted accuracy is 90%. In order to ensure the highest beam prediction accuracy during model inference, NW may configure 16 beam measurement resources for a measurement report, instead of 8 beam measurement resources.
[0233] Embodiments where the information may comprise a monitoring output determined based on the plurality of sets of performance metrics will be discussed in the following.
[0234] In some embodiments, the monitoring output comprises a plurality of sets of states, each set of states corresponds to a first set of the plurality of first sets of elements, and each state in the set of states indicates whether one or more performance metrics of a respective element satisfies a performance criterion.
[0235] In some embodiments, the monitoring output comprises at least one group of first sets of elements, each group corresponds to a performance criterion associated with one or more types of performance metric, and each first set of elements in the group satisfies or fails to satisfy the performance criterion corresponding to the group.
[0236] In some embodiments, in the at least one message, a mapping order of the plurality of sets of states is determined based on at least one of the following:
[0237] ● an indicator of a type of performance metric,
[0238] ● an indicator of the first set,
[0239] ● an indicator of a number of elements comprised in the first set, or
[0240] ● an indicator of a pattern of the elements comprised in the first set.
[0241] Merely for a better understand, more details will be discussed with reference to FIG. 5, which illustrates a signaling flow 500 of communication in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0242] Discussions on Steps 0-3 in FIG. 4 may be reused in the example of FIG. 5. Merely for brevity, the same or similar contents are omitted herein.
[0243] Additionally, in the example of FIG. 5, at Step 1, NW may provide UE with configuration information related to performance metric, e.g., which performance metric (s) need to be calculated and / or reported.
[0244] At Step 4, UE may determine multiple sets of performance metrics based on at least one of the determined multiple sets of predicted beams, predicted RSRPs of the multiple sets of predicted beams, set of measured beams, or measured RSRPs of the set of measured beams. And each set of performance metrics correspond to a Set B, input beam size or / and input beam pattern. Each set of performance metrics may comprise at least one of a beam prediction accuracy, a L1-RSRP difference, or an uncertain information (this may be determined in Step 3) . For example, UE may determine:
[0245] ● A First set of beam prediction accuracies (e.g., Top-1 beam prediction accuracy) based on the first set of predicted beams (e.g., Top-1 predicted beam) and the first set of measured beams (e.g., Top-1 genie-aided beam) .
[0246] ● A second set of beam prediction accuracies based on the second set of predicted beams and the second set of measured beams.
[0247] At Step 5, UE may report the multiple sets of performance metrics. And each set of performance metrics correspond to a Set B, input beam size or / and input beam pattern.
[0248] In some embodiments, a mapping order of the CSI fields indicating the multiple sets of performance metrics may be determined based on at least one of an indicator of Set B, an indicator or value of input beam size, or an indicator of input beam pattern.
[0249] Based on the multiple sets of performance metrics corresponding to multiple Sets B (i.e., input beam sizes and / or input beam patterns) reported by UE, NW can know how to configure the measurement resource corresponding to the Set B to ensure the performance of model inference, e.g., how many and / or which beam measurement resources need to be configured for a measurement report (for model inference) .
[0250] Embodiments where the information indicating the preferred or unpreferred first set (s) will be discussed in the following.
[0251] In some embodiments, the at least one message further indicates at least one of the following:
[0252] ● a number of groups of first sets in the at least one message,
[0253] ● a number of first sets of elements in the at least one message,
[0254] ● performance metrics of first sets of elements in the at least one message,
[0255] ● a number of first sets of elements in a group of the at least one group,
[0256] ● a first indication indicating presence or absence of the at least one group,
[0257] ● a second indication indicating presence or absence of at least one first set of elements in a group of the at least one group, or
[0258] ● a third indication indicating performance criterion corresponding to a group of the at least one group.
[0259] Merely for a better understand, more details will be discussed with reference to FIG. 6, which illustrates a signaling flow 600 of communication in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0260] Discussions on Steps 0-4 in FIG. 5 may be reused in the example of FIG. 6. Merely for brevity, the same or similar contents are omitted herein.
[0261] At Step 5, UE may determine a monitoring output based on the determined multiple sets of performance metrics. And each set of performance metrics correspond to a Set B, input beam size or / and input beam pattern.
[0262] In one example, represented as Step 5-1, the monitoring output may comprise multiple sets of states, and each set of state corresponds to a Set B, input beam size and / or input beam pattern. For a Set B, UE may determine a set of states based on the corresponding set of performance metrics (e.g., beam prediction accuracy, L1-RSRP difference, uncertain information) and at least one criterion / threshold. This means that one of the set of states may correspond to one or multiple performance metrics.
[0263] For example, when the set of performance metrics comprises one performance metric, e.g., beam prediction accuracy. The set of states comprises one state. UE may determine the state whether the beam prediction accuracy is higher than (or equal to, or lower than) a threshold (that may be configured by NW, and / or based on a UE capability) , in other words, the state may indicate whether the beam prediction accuracy is higher than or equal to the threshold.
[0264] When the set of performance metrics comprises multiple performance metrics, e.g., beam prediction accuracy and L1-RSRP difference. The set of states may comprise one state. UE may determine the state at least one of: whether the beam prediction accuracy is higher than or equal to the threshold, or whether the L1-RSRP difference is lower than or equal to a further threshold (that may be configured by NW, and / or based on a UE capability) . In other words, the state indicates whether the beam prediction accuracy is higher than or equal to the threshold and / or whether the L1-RSRP difference is lower than or equal to the further threshold. The set of states may comprise two states, e.g., a first state and a second state. Specifically, the first state may indicate whether the beam prediction accuracy is higher than or equal to the threshold, the second state may indicate whether the L1-RSRP difference is lower than or equal to the threshold.
[0265] In one example, represented as Step 5-2: the monitoring output may comprise at least one set of Sets B, a set of input beam sizes, and / or a set of input beam patterns (represented by ‘first set of Sets B’ ) . UE may determine a set of Sets B based on the multiple sets of performances corresponding to the multiple Sets B, input beam sizes and / or input beam patterns, and at least one criterion / threshold.
[0266] For example, when the set of performance metrics comprises one performance metric, e.g., beam prediction accuracy. Assuming that a first beam prediction accuracy corresponding to a first Set B (e.g., input beam size = 8) is 70%, and a second beam prediction accuracy corresponding to a second Set B (e.g., input beam size = 16) is 90%. UE may determine that a Set B is included in the set of Sets B based on whether the performance metric corresponding to the Set B satisfies a criterion / threshold, e.g., whether the beam prediction accuracy corresponding to the Set B is higher than or equal to a threshold (e.g., 75%) . In above case, the set of Sets B comprises the second Set B (i.e., input beam size = 16) .
[0267] When the set of performance metrics comprises multiple performance metrics, e.g., beam prediction accuracy and L1-RSRP difference. Assuming that a first beam prediction accuracy and a first L1-RSRP difference corresponding to a first Set B (e.g., input beam size = 8) are 70%and 4 dB, and a second beam prediction accuracy and a second L1-RSRP difference corresponding to a second Set B (e.g., input beam size = 16) are 90%and 1 dB.
[0268] The monitoring output may comprise one set of Sets B. UE may determine a Set B is included in the set of Sets B based on whether at least one performance metric corresponding to the Set B satisfies at least one criterion / threshold, e.g., for a Set B, whether the beam prediction accuracy is higher than or equal to a threshold (e.g., 75%) , and / or whether the L1-RSRP difference corresponding to the Set B is lower than or equal to a further threshold (e.g., 4 dB) . In above case, if the above two criterions / thresholds need to be fulfilled, the set of Sets B comprises the second Set B (i.e., input beam size = 16) ; if one of the above two criterions / thresholds needs to be fulfilled, the second set of Sets B comprises the first Set B (i.e., input beam size = 8) and the second Set B (i.e., input beam size = 16) .
[0269] The monitoring output may comprise multiple sets of Sets B. And each set of Sets B corresponds a performance metric. Specifically, the monitoring output may comprise:
[0270] ● A first set of Sets B. UE may determine that a Set B is included in the first set of Sets B based on whether the Set B satisfies a criterion / threshold, e.g., whether the beam prediction accuracy corresponding to the Set B is higher than or equal to a threshold (e.g., 75%) . In above case, the first set of Sets B comprises the second Set B (i.e., input beam size = 16) .
[0271] ● A second set of Sets B. UE may determine that a Set B is included in the second set of Sets B based on whether the Set B satisfies a further criterion / threshold, e.g., whether the L1-RSRP difference corresponding to the Set B is lower than or equal to a further threshold (e.g., 4 dB) . In above case, the second set of Sets B comprises the first Set B (i.e., input beam size = 8) and the second Set B (i.e., input beam size = 16) .
[0272] At Step 6, UE may report the monitoring output. In one example, represented as Step 6-1 (corresponding Step 5-1) , UE may report the multiple set of states, and each set of states corresponds to a Set B, input beam size and / or input beam pattern.
[0273] In some embodiments, a mapping order of the CSI fields indicating the multiple sets of states may be determined based on indicators (configured by NW) of performance metrics.
[0274] In some embodiments, a mapping order of the CSI fields indicating the multiple states in the same set of states may be determined based on at least one of an indicator of Set B, an indicator or value of input beam size, or an indicator of input beam pattern.
[0275] In another example, represented as Step 6-2 (corresponding Step 5-2) , UE may report the at least one set of Sets B, a set of input beam sizes, and / or a set of input beam patterns, optionally, the following information may also be reported together.
[0276] ● The set of performance metrics corresponding to the Set B in a set of Sets B to report.
[0277] ● The number of sets of Sets B.
[0278] ● The number of Sets B in a set of Sets B to report. This may correspond to a set of Sets B or a performance metric.
[0279] ● First indication indicating presence of at least one set of Sets B, in other words, whether UE has determined at least one set of Sets B.
[0280] ● Second indication indicating presence of at least one Set B is included in a set of Sets B, in other words, whether UE has determined at least one Set B is included in a set of Sets B. This may correspond to a set of Sets B or a performance metric.
[0281] ● Third indication indicating (type of) the performance metric corresponding to a set of Sets B to report.
[0282] In some embodiments, the measurement report may comprise multiple parts, e.g., part 1 + part 2, where the part 1 may comprise at least one of the above pieces of information, and the part 2 may comprise at least the at least one set of Sets B. Further, the part 1 may comprise a Set B with the best performance metric (e.g., with the highest beam prediction accuracy) .
[0283] In some embodiments, a mapping order of the CSI fields indicating (indicators) the multiple sets of Sets B may be determined based on indicators (configured by NW) of performance metrics.
[0284] In some embodiments, a mapping order of the CSI fields indicating (indicators) the multiple Sets B in the same set of Sets B may be determined based on at least one of an indicator of Set B, an indicator or value of input beam size, or an indicator of input beam pattern.
[0285] In some embodiments, UE reports the monitoring output comprising the at least one set of Sets B. Specifically, the reported at least one set of Sets B may be equivalent to UE reporting a decision about model selection, model switching, model activation, or / and model deactivation. For example, when the monitoring output comprises one Set B, the Set B may be a selected Set B (or model) , a Set B (or model) to switch to, an activated Set B (or model) . Other Set B (s) that are not reported may be a deactivated Set B (or model) .
[0286] In some embodiments, UE reports the monitoring output comprising the first indication indicating presence of at least one set of Sets B or second indication indicating presence of at least one Set B is included in a set of Sets B. Specifically, if the reported first indication indicates absence of at least one set of Sets B or the reported second indication indicates absence at least one Set B is included in a set of Sets B, this indication information this may be equivalent to UE reporting a decision about fallback (to non-AI / ML) .
[0287] Based on the monitoring output reported by UE, NW can know how to configure the measurement resource corresponding to the Set B to ensure the performance of model inference, e.g., how many and / or which beam measurement resources need to be configured for a measurement report (for model inference) .
[0288] In addition to the above, an event-driven-based scheme may be used. Such embodiments will be discussed below.
[0289] In some embodiments, at least one of the plurality of first sets of elements is at least one primary first set and the others of the plurality of first sets of elements are candidate first sets. In this case, the first device 110 may determine at least one new first set from the candidate first sets in accordance with at least one of the following:
[0290] ● a performance metric corresponding to a primary first set of the at least one primary first set being worse than a first threshold,
[0291] ● a performance metric corresponding to a candidate first set of the candidate first sets being better than a second threshold,
[0292] ● a performance metric corresponding to a candidate first set of the candidate first sets being better than a performance metric corresponding to a primary first set of the at least one primary first set.
[0293] Then, the first device 110 may transmit the at least one message comprising at least one of the following:
[0294] ● an indication that the performance metric corresponding to the primary first set is worse than the first threshold,
[0295] ● an indication that the performance metric corresponding to the candidate first set is better than the second threshold,
[0296] ● an indication that the performance metric corresponding to the candidate first set is better than the performance metric corresponding to the primary first set,
[0297] ● the performance metric corresponding the primary first set,
[0298] ● the performance metric corresponding to the candidate first set,
[0299] ● at least one indicator of the at least one new first set,
[0300] ● an indication indicating presence or absence of the at least one new first set,
[0301] ● at least one performance metric of the at least one new first set, or
[0302] ● a number of the at least one new first set.
[0303] Additionally, in some embodiments, the primary first set is configured by the second device 120 in the configuration information.
[0304] Alternatively, in some embodiments, the first device 110 may determine one of the following as the primary first set:
[0305] ● a first set currently used by the first device 110,
[0306] ● a first set with a highest usage frequency, or
[0307] ● a first set which is configured in a recent measurement report.
[0308] Merely for a better understand, more details will be discussed with reference to FIG. 7, which illustrates a signaling flow 700 of communication in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0309] Discussions on Step 0 in FIG. 4 may be reused in the example of FIG. 7. Merely for brevity, the same or similar contents are omitted herein.
[0310] Additionally, at Step1, NW may provide UE with configuration information related to at least one of the following: a first set of Sets B (or input beam sizes, input beam patterns) or second set of Sets B (or input beam sizes, input beam patterns) .
[0311] In some embodiments, as for the first set of Sets B (or input beam sizes, input beam patterns) , UE may assume that the Set B (s) in the first set of Sets B needs to be measured or monitored (periodically during model monitoring) . For example, the Set B in the first set of Sets B may be a Set B used currently, or used in most recently. If UE is not provided with the configuration information related to the first set of Sets B, UE may determine the first set of Sets B based on Set B (s) configured for the recent measurement report (for model inference) .
[0312] In some embodiments, as for the second set of Sets B (or input beam sizes, input beam patterns) , the Set B (s) in the second set of Sets B may be a candidate Set B. And UE may assume that the Set B (s) in the second set of Sets B need to be measured only when some criterions are fulfilled.
[0313] In operation, it may assuming that the first set of Sets B comprises one Set B and it is represented by ‘monitoring Set B’ , the second set of Sets B comprises two Sets B and it is represented by ‘candidate Set B’ .
[0314] At Step 2, UE may determine at least one performance metric corresponding to the monitoring Set B.
[0315] In some embodiments, UE may determine measured RSRPs of the (configured or determined) monitoring Set B, and measured RSRPs of the (configured or determined) Set A.
[0316] In some embodiments, UE may determine a set of predicted beams (e.g., Top-1 or Top-K (K>1) predicted beams in the Set A) , and / or predicted RSRPs of the set of predicted beams based on the measured RSRPs of the monitoring Set B, and determine a set of measured beams (e.g., Top-1 or Top-K (K>1) genie-aided beams in the Set A) based on the measured RSRPs of the Set A.
[0317] In some embodiments, UE may determine at least one performance metric based on the above determined information.
[0318] In some embodiments, Step 2 may be performed periodically.
[0319] At Step 3, if the at least one performance metric is worse at least one criterion / threshold over a time duration, e.g., the beam prediction accuracy corresponding to the monitoring Set B is lower than or equal to a threshold over a time duration, UE may assume that the monitoring (or current) Set B is not available (or invalid) , or assume that model inference failure occurs.
[0320] At Step 4, when Step 3 occurs, UE may determine performance metrics corresponding to the two candidate Sets B through Step 2 similar to the monitoring Set B on each candidate Set B. Then, UE may determine a new Set B from the two candidate Sets B based on at least one of the following:
[0321] ● The performance metric (s) corresponding to the candidate Set B is better than at least one criterion / threshold, e.g., the beam prediction accuracy corresponding to the candidate Set B is higher than or equal to a threshold.
[0322] ● The performance metric (s) corresponding to the candidate Set B is better than the performance metric (s) corresponding to the monitoring Set B, e.g., the beam prediction accuracy corresponding to the candidate Set B is higher than the beam prediction accuracy corresponding to the monitoring Set B.
[0323] At Step 5, UE may send an indication related to new Set B to NW.
[0324] In one example, represented as Step 5-1, if UE determines at least one new Set B from the candidate Sets B, UE may send a first indication to NW, wherein the first indication is used to indicate (or inform) that the monitoring (or current) Set B is not available (or model inference failure occurs) , or / and there is at least one new Set B needs to report.
[0325] In another example, represented as Step 5-2, if UE determines no new Set B, UE may send a second indication to NW, wherein the second indication is used to indicate (or inform) that the monitoring (or current) Set B is not available (or model inference failure occurs) , or / and there is at least one new Set B needs to report. The first or second indication may be sent by a PUCCH resource carried for a predefined or dedicated request (e.g., a scheduling request dedicated for the case that Set B is invalid or model inference failure) .
[0326] At Step 6, UE report information related to new Set B. Specifically, the report information related to new Set B may comprise at least one of the following:
[0327] ● Indication of presence of new Set B. In other words, this indication indicates whether there is at least one new Set B needs to report, or whether UE has determined at least one new Set B.
[0328] ● The number of new Sets B. Optionally, this information may not need to be reported. For example, UE may report only one new Set B (e.g., corresponding to the highest beam prediction accuracy, corresponding to the smallest input beam size) when UE has determined multiple new Sets B.
[0329] ● Indication of new Set B.
[0330] ● Performance metric (s) corresponding to new Set B.
[0331] The information related to new Set B may be transmitted in PUSCH or PUCCH. For example, it can be transmitted in a first PUSCH MAC CE (scheduled by NW) , or it can be transmitted in a PUCCH resource dedicated for the case that Set B is invalid or model inference failure. In this way, unnecessary beam reporting may be avoided.
[0332] In some embodiments, UE reports indication of the at least one new Set B. Specifically, the reported at least one new Set B may be equivalent to UE reporting a decision about model selection, model switching, model activation, or / and model deactivation. For example, when the monitoring output comprises one new Set B, the new Set B may be a selected Set B (or model) , a Set B (or model) to switch to, an activated Set B (or model) . Other candidate or monitoring Set B (s) that are not reported may be a deactivated Set B (or model) .
[0333] In some embodiments, UE reports Indication of presence of new Set B. Specifically, if the reported indication indicates absence of new Set B, this indication information this may be equivalent to UE reporting a decision about fallback (to non-AI / ML) .
[0334] More embodiments will be discussed with reference to FIG. 8, which illustrates a signaling flow 800 of communication in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0335] Discussions on Steps 1-4 and 6 in FIG. 5 may be reused in the example of FIG. 8. Merely for brevity, the same or similar contents are omitted herein.
[0336] In example of Step 5, when the measurement report is configured as ‘periodic’ , UE may report performance metric (s) corresponding to the active Set B, and / or performance metric (s) corresponding to the inactive Set B (s) periodically.
[0337] In another example of Step 5, when the measurement report is configured as ‘event triggered’ , UE may report performance metric (s) corresponding to the active Set B, and / or performance metric (s) corresponding to the inactive Set B (s) if at least one of the following events is fulfilled.
[0338] ● Performance metric (s) corresponding to the active Set B is worse than threshold (s) (over a time duration) .
[0339] ● Performance metric (s) corresponding to the at least one inactive Set B is better than threshold (s) (over a time duration) .
[0340] ● Performance metric (s) corresponding to the at least one inactive Set B is better than performance metric (s) corresponding to the active Set B.
[0341] In a further example of Step 5, when the measurement report is configured as ‘event triggered and periodic’ , UE may report performance metric (s) corresponding to the active Set B, and / or performance metric (s) corresponding to the inactive Set B (s) periodically if at least one of the following events is fulfilled.
[0342] ● Performance metric (s) corresponding to the active Set B is worse than threshold (s) (over a time duration) .
[0343] ● Performance metric (s) corresponding to the at least one inactive Set B is better than threshold (s) (over a time duration) .
[0344] ● Performance metric (s) corresponding to the at least one inactive Set B is better than performance metric (s) corresponding to the active Set B.
[0345] Generally speaking, after reporting the predicted result, the terminal device also may report the ground-truth values to the network device, such that the network device may obtain the performance monitoring results.
[0346] As one example scenario, UE reports inference results (e.g., Top-1 predicted beam at T=1, Top-1 predicted beam at T=2) to NW at T=0. To perform performance monitoring, UE or NW needs to obtain the ground-truth (i.e., Top-1 / K genie-aided beam (s) in the Set A, and / or measured RSRPs of the Top-1 / K genie-aided beam (s)) corresponding to T=1 and T=2. Typically, beam measurement needs to be performed for the entire Set A. However, in most cases (e.g., the performance of AI / ML model is not too poor) , the actual best beam (i.e., Top-1 genie-aided beam) may be consistent with the Top-1 predicted beam, or a surrounding beam of the Top-1 predicted beam. Therefore, maybe measuring only a subset of the Set A is enough to perform performance monitoring. Specifically, a subset of the Set A is measured at T=1, and a further subset of the Set A is measured at T=2.
[0347] More example embodiments will be discussed with reference to FIG. 9, which illustrates a signaling flow 900 of communication in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0348] In operation, as illustrated in FIG. 9, the second device generate (910) configuration information, where the configuration information indicates: a set of measurement resources, and at least one measurement resource indicator, each measurement resource indicator corresponding to a time instance, where the at least one measurement resource indicator is associated with the set of measurement resources. Then the second device 120 transmits (920-1) the configuration information to a first device 110.
[0349] As for the first device 110, the first device 110 receives (920-2) the configuration information accordingly. Then the first device 110 determine (930) measurement resources corresponding to a time instance based at least in part on the configuration information.
[0350] In some embodiments, the measurement resource indicator is a bitmap.
[0351] In some embodiments, each measurement resource in the set of measurement resources is identified by a resource identity, and the measurement resource indicator may be a set of resource identities of measurement resources in the set of measurement resources.
[0352] In some embodiments, in a case that the at least one measurement resource indicator is not configured, the first device 110 may determine the measurement resources for the time instance based on the set of measurement resources and at least one of the following:
[0353] ● a recent reported predicted result corresponding to the time instance, or
[0354] ● at least one recent activated transmission configuration indicator (TCI) state.
[0355] Additionally, in some embodiments, the recent reported predicted result may be the recent or the last predicted result reported or determined by the first device 110.
[0356] One example process is discussed below. In operation, the first device 110 receives, from a second device, configuration information indicating measurement resources for at least one future time instance. Then the first device 110 determines, based at least in part on the configuration information, at least one set of measurement resources, each set of measurement resource corresponding to a future time instance of the at least one future time instance and associated with a subset of a set of elements.
[0357] In some embodiments, the configuration information indicates:
[0358] ● a first set of measurement resources, each measurement resource in the first set of measurement resources corresponding to an element in the set of elements, and
[0359] ● at least one bitmap, each bitmap corresponding to a future time instance of the at least one future time instance, each bit in the bitmap corresponding to a measurement resource in the first set, wherein in a case that a bit in the bitmap is configured with a first value, a measurement resource corresponding to the bit is configured.
[0360] In some embodiments, the configuration information indicates:
[0361] ● a first set of measurement resources, each measurement resource in the first set of measurement resources corresponding to an element in the set of elements and identified by a resource identity, and
[0362] ● at least one set of resource identities, each set of resource identities corresponding to a future time instance of the at least one future time instance and comprising a plurality of resource identities of measurement resources in the first set of measurement resources.
[0363] In some embodiments, the configuration information indicates:
[0364] ● at least one second set of resource identities, each second set of resource identities corresponding to a future time instance of the at least one future time instance and comprising a plurality of resource identities.
[0365] In some embodiments, the configuration information indicates: a first set of measurement resources, each measurement resource in the first set of measurement resources corresponding to an element in the set of elements. In this way, the first device 110 may determine a set of measurement resources for a future time instance based on at least one of the following:
[0366] ● a recent predicted result corresponding to the future time instance, the recent predicted result indicating at least one element in the set of elements,
[0367] ● at least one recent activated transmission configuration indicator (TCI) state.
[0368] Merely for a better understand, more details will be discussed with reference to FIG. 10, which illustrates an example diagram 1000 of a procedure of determining measurement resources in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0369] In the example of FIG. 10, assuming that UE reports Top-1 predicted beam at T=1 (e.g., beam ID is 1) and Top-1 predicted beam at T=2 (e.g., beam ID is 7) . Performance metric is calculated at NW-side. Set A comprises 11 beams and its corresponding CSI-RS resource IDs are 5, 10, 12, 20, 27, 40, 52, 60, 62, 71, 85 (ascending order) .
[0370] To obtain ground-truth at T=1 and T=2, e.g., beam IDs and / or measured L1-RSRPs of Top-K genie-aided beams at T=1, beam IDs and / or measured L1-RSRPs of Top-K genie-aided beams at T=2, NW may configures a P CSI report and a Set A to allow UE to report the ground-truth at T=1 and the ground-truth at T=2. Based on the reported Top-1 predicted beam at T=1 and Top-1 predicted beam at T=2, NW may configure a list of measurement resource indicators, which comprises one or more measurement resource indicator, and each measurement resource indicator corresponds to a time instance. The measurement resource indicator indicates measurement resource (s) in associated Set A at corresponding time instance. Wherein ‘the associated Set A’ may be determined based on: the list of measurement resource indicators and the Set A may be configured in or associated with a same measurement report (e.g., CSI-ReportConfig) or / and resource (e.g., CSI-ResourceConfig) . In a word, UE may determine measurement resources corresponding to a time instance based on the Set A and measurement resource indicator corresponding to the time instance.
[0371] For example, 2 measurement resource indicators are configured: measurement resource indicator-0 (corresponding to T=1, i.e., the first measurement and / or reporting instance of P CSI report) , measurement resource indicator-1 (corresponding to T=2, the second measurement and / or reporting instance of P CSI report) . The corresponding between measurement resource indicator and time instance may be configured explicitly. Optionally, it may be determined based on the ID associated with the measurement resource indictor, i.e., 0, 1.
[0372] Specifically, the measurement resource indicator may be a bitmap. For example, the measurement resource indicator-0 indicates [1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0] , the measurement resource indicator-1 indicates [0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0] . Accordingly, for T=1, UE may assume that the 4 CSI-RS resources with ID=5, 10, 12, 20 needs to measure, in other words, UE may assume that the remaining 7 CSI-RS resources in the Set A may not be transmitted from NW. For T=2, UE may assume that the 4 CSI-RS resources with ID=52, 60, 62, 71 needs to measure. Optionally, multiple sets of measurement resources may be configured, and each set of measurement resources corresponds to a time instance. This may mean that the Set A may be not configured.
[0373] Furthermore, for reporting the measured beams at a time instance, the bitwidth for the CSI field indicating the beam information (e.g., CRI) of measured beam may be determined based on the number of measurement resources indicated by the measurement resource indicator associated with the time instance. For example, at T=1 or T=2, the bitwidth for the CSI field indicating the CRI may be 2 bit, i.e., log2 4.
[0374] Additionally, the list of measurement resource indicators or the measurement resource indicator may be updated, activated or deactivated by an RRC, MAC CE or DCI signaling.
[0375] Optionally, UE can determine measurement resource (s) in a Set A corresponding to a time instance based on at least one of the following. For example, if UE is not provided with measurement resource indicator corresponding to a time instance, UE can determine measurement resource (s) in the Set A corresponding to the time instance based on the at least one of the following: the recent reported predicted beam (s) in the Set A corresponding to the time instance, or activated joint / DL / UL TCI state (s) .
[0376] The above method may also be applicable to the configuration of measurement resources for a measurement report for model inference for BM-Case2. For example, configuring independent Set B (i.e., subset of a Set A) for multiple (observation or measurement) time instances.
[0377] In this way, reduce unnecessary overhead and latency of beam measurement and reporting during performance monitoring.
[0378] Example methods
[0379] FIG. 11 illustrates a flowchart of a communication method 1100 implemented at a first device in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. For the purpose of discussion, the method 1100 will be described from the perspective of the first device 110 in FIG. 1.
[0380] At block 1110, the first device receives, from a second device, configuration information related to a plurality of first sets of elements.
[0381] At block 1120, the first device obtains, based at least in part on the configuration information, a plurality of sets of predicted results associated with a second set of elements, each set of predicted results corresponding to a first set of the plurality of first sets.
[0382] At block 1130, the first device transmits, to the second device, at least one message comprising information indicating or determined based on the plurality of sets of predicted results.
[0383] In some example embodiments, the information comprises at least one of the following: at least part of the plurality of sets of predicted results, at least part of a plurality of sets of performance metrics determined based on the plurality of sets of predicted results, or a monitoring output determined based on the plurality of sets of performance metrics.
[0384] In some example embodiments, the first device may perform measurements on the plurality of first sets of elements and / or the second set of elements; and determine the plurality of sets of performance metrics based on at least one of the following: measurement results of the plurality of first sets of elements, measurement results of the second set of elements, or the plurality of sets of predicted results, wherein each of the plurality of sets of performance metrics corresponding to a first set of the plurality of first sets of elements.
[0385] In some example embodiments, the monitoring output comprises a plurality of sets of states, each set of states corresponds to a first set of the plurality of first sets of elements, and each state in the set of states indicates whether one or more performance metrics of a respective element satisfies a performance criterion.
[0386] In some example embodiments, in the at least one message, a mapping order of the plurality of sets of states is determined based on at least one of the following: an indicator of a type of performance metric, an indicator of the first set, an indicator of a number of elements comprised in the first set, or an indicator of a pattern of the elements comprised in the first set.
[0387] In some example embodiments, the monitoring output comprises at least one group of first sets of elements, each group corresponds to a performance criterion associated with one or more types of performance metric, and each first set of elements in the group satisfies or fails to satisfy the performance criterion corresponding to the group.
[0388] In some example embodiments, the at least one message further indicates at least one of the following: a number of groups of first sets in the at least one message, a number of first sets of elements in the at least one message, performance metrics of first sets of elements in the at least one message, a number of first sets of elements in a group of the at least one group, a first indication indicating presence or absence of the at least one group, a second indication indicating presence or absence of at least one first set of elements in a group of the at least one group, or a third indication indicating performance criterion corresponding to a group of the at least one group.
[0389] In some example embodiments, the first device may determine at least one new first set from the candidate first sets in accordance with at least one of the following: a performance metric corresponding to a primary first set of the at least one primary first set being worse than a first threshold, a performance metric corresponding to a candidate first set of the candidate first sets being better than a second threshold, a performance metric corresponding to a candidate first set of the candidate first sets being better than a performance metric corresponding to a primary first set of the at least one primary first set; and transmit the at least one message comprising at least one of the following: an indication that the performance metric corresponding to the primary first set is worse than the first threshold, an indication that the performance metric corresponding to the candidate first set is better than the second threshold, an indication that the performance metric corresponding to the candidate first set is better than the performance metric corresponding to the primary first set, the performance metric corresponding the primary first set, the performance metric corresponding to the candidate first set, at least one indicator of the at least one new first set, an indication indicating presence or absence of the at least one new first set, at least one performance metric of the at least one new first set, or a number of the at least one new first set.
[0390] In some example embodiments, the primary first set is configured by the second device in the configuration information.
[0391] In some example embodiments, the first device may determine one of the following as the primary first set: a first set currently used by the first device, a first set with a highest usage frequency, or a first set which is configured in a recent measurement report.
[0392] In some example embodiments, the configuration information comprises at least one of the following: an indication indicating the first device to perform measurements and / or reporting for the plurality of first sets, a number of elements in the first set, a minimum number of elements in the first set, a maximum number of elements in the first set, a pattern of elements in the first set, a minimum number of first sets of elements, or a maximum number of first sets of elements.
[0393] In some example embodiments, the first device may transmit, to the second device, capability-related information about at least one of the following: a number of elements in the first set supported by the first device, a minimum number of elements in the first set supported by the first device, a maximum number of elements in the first set supported by the first device, a pattern of elements in the first set supported by the first device, a minimum number of first sets of elements supported by the first device, or a maximum number of first sets of elements supported by the first device.
[0394] In some example embodiments, different first sets in the plurality of first sets are different in terms of at least one of the following: a number of elements in the first set, or a pattern of elements comprised in the first set.
[0395] In some example embodiments, in the at least one message, a mapping order of the plurality of sets of predicted results is determined based on at least one of the following: an indicator of the first set, an indicator of a number of elements in the first set, or an indicator of a pattern of the elements comprised in the first set.
[0396] In some example embodiments, the first device is a terminal device and the second device is a network device.
[0397] FIG. 12 illustrates a flowchart of a communication method 1200 implemented at a first device in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. For the purpose of discussion, the method 1200 will be described from the perspective of the first device 110 in FIG. 1.
[0398] At block 1210, the first device receives, from a second device, configuration information indicating: a set of measurement resources, and at least one measurement resource indicator, each measurement resource indicator corresponding to a time instance, the at least one measurement resource indicator being associated with the set of measurement resources.
[0399] At block 1220, determine, based at least in part on the configuration information, measurement resources corresponding to a time instance.
[0400] In some example embodiments, the measurement resource indicator is a bitmap.
[0401] In some example embodiments, each measurement resource in the set of measurement resources is identified by a resource identity, and the measurement resource indicator is a set of resource identities of measurement resources in the set of measurement resources.
[0402] In some example embodiments, based on absence of the at least one measurement resource indicator, the first device may determine the measurement resources for the time instance based on the set of measurement resources and at least one of the following: a recent reported predicted result corresponding to the time instance, or at least one recent activated transmission configuration indicator (TCI) state.
[0403] FIG. 13 illustrates a flowchart of a communication method 1300 implemented at a second device in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. For the purpose of discussion, the method 1300 will be described from the perspective of the second device 120 in FIG. 1.
[0404] At block 1310, the second device transmits, to a first device, configuration information related to a plurality of first sets of elements.
[0405] At block 1320, the second device receives, from the first device, at least one message comprising information indicating or determined based on a plurality of sets of predicted results, wherein the plurality of sets of predicted results is obtained by the first device based at least in part on the configuration information, a plurality of sets of predicted results associated with a second set of elements and each set of predicted results corresponding to a first set of the plurality of first sets.
[0406] In some example embodiments, the information comprises at least one of the following: at least part of the plurality of sets of predicted results, at least part of a plurality of sets of performance metrics determined based on the plurality of sets of predicted results, or a monitoring output determined based on the plurality of sets of performance metrics.
[0407] In some example embodiments, the monitoring output comprises a plurality of sets of states, each set of states corresponds to a first set of the plurality of first sets of elements, and each state in the set of states indicates whether one or more performance metrics of a respective element satisfies a performance criterion.
[0408] In some example embodiments, in the at least one message, a mapping order of the plurality of sets of states is determined based on at least one of the following: an indicator of a type of performance metric, an indicator of the first set, an indicator of a number of elements comprised in the first set, or an indicator of a pattern of the elements comprised in the first set.
[0409] In some example embodiments, the monitoring output comprises at least one group of first sets of elements, each group corresponds to a performance criterion associated with one or more types of performance metric, and each first set of elements in the group satisfies or fails to satisfy the performance criterion corresponding to the group.
[0410] In some example embodiments, the at least one message further indicates at least one of the following: a number of groups of first sets in the at least one message, a number of first sets of elements in the at least one message, performance metrics of first sets of elements in the at least one message, a number of first sets of elements in a group of the at least one group, a first indication indicating presence or absence of the at least one group, a second indication indicating presence or absence of at least one first set of elements in a group of the at least one group, or a third indication indicating performance criterion corresponding to a group of the at least one group.
[0411] In some example embodiments, the second device may receive, from the first device, the at least one message comprising at least one of the following: an indication that the performance metric corresponding to the primary first set is worse than the first threshold, an indication that the performance metric corresponding to the candidate first set is better than the second threshold, an indication that the performance metric corresponding to the candidate first set is better than the performance metric corresponding to the primary first set, the performance metric corresponding the primary first set, the performance metric corresponding to the candidate first set, at least one indicator of the at least one new first set, an indication indicating presence or absence of the at least one new first set, at least one performance metric of the at least one new first set, or a number of the at least one new first set.
[0412] In some example embodiments, the primary first set is configured by the second device in the configuration information.
[0413] In some example embodiments, the configuration information comprises at least one of the following: an indication indicating the first device to perform measurements and / or reporting for the plurality of first sets, a number of elements in the first set, a minimum number of elements in the first set, a maximum number of elements in the first set, a pattern of elements in the first set, a minimum number of first sets of elements, or a maximum number of first sets of elements.
[0414] In some example embodiments, the second device may receive, from the first device, capability-related information about at least one of the following: a number of elements in the first set supported by the first device, a minimum number of elements in the first set supported by the first device, a maximum number of elements in the first set supported by the first device, a pattern of elements in the first set supported by the first device, a minimum number of first sets of elements supported by the first device, or a maximum number of first sets of elements supported by the first device.
[0415] In some example embodiments, different first sets in the plurality of first sets are different in terms of at least one of the following: a number of elements in the first set, or a pattern of elements comprised in the first set.
[0416] In some example embodiments, in the at least one message, a mapping order of the plurality of sets of predicted results is determined based on at least one of the following: an indicator of the first set, an indicator of a number of elements in the first set, or an indicator of a pattern of the elements comprised in the first set.
[0417] In some example embodiments, the first device is a terminal device and the second device is a network device.
[0418] FIG. 14 illustrates a flowchart of a communication method 1400 implemented at a second device in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. For the purpose of discussion, the method 1400 will be described from the perspective of the second device 120 in FIG. 1.
[0419] At block 1410, the second device generates, configuration information indicating: a set of measurement resources, and at least one measurement resource indicator, each measurement resource indicator corresponding to a time instance, the at least one measurement resource indicator being associated with the set of measurement resources.
[0420] At block 1420, the second device transmits the configuration information to a first device, such that the first device determines measurement resources for a time instance based at least in part on the configuration information.
[0421] In some example embodiments, the measurement resource indicator is a bitmap.
[0422] In some example embodiments, each measurement resource in the set of measurement resources is identified by a resource identity, and the measurement resource indicator is a set of resource identities of measurement resources in the first set of measurement resources.
[0423] Example Apparatus and Devices
[0424] FIG. 15 is a simplified block diagram of a device 1500 that is suitable for implementing embodiments of the present disclosure. The device 1500 can be considered as a further example implementation of any of the devices as shown in FIG. 1. Accordingly, the device 1500 can be implemented at or as at least a part of the first device 110 or the second device 120.
[0425] As shown, the device 1500 includes a processor 1510, a memory 1520 coupled to the processor 1510, a suitable transceiver 1540 coupled to the processor 1510, and a communication interface coupled to the transceiver 1540. The memory 1520 stores at least a part of a program 1530. The transceiver 1540 may be for bidirectional communications or a unidirectional communication based on requirements. The transceiver 1540 may include at least one of a transmitter 1542 and a receiver 1544. The transmitter 1542 and the receiver 1544 may be functional modules or physical entities. The transceiver 1540 has at least one antenna to facilitate communication, though in practice an Access Node mentioned in this application may have several ones. The communication interface may represent any interface that is necessary for communication with other network elements, such as X2 / Xn interface for bidirectional communications between eNBs / gNBs, S1 / NG interface for communication between a Mobility Management Entity (MME) / Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) / SGW / UPF and the eNB / gNB, Un interface for communication between the eNB / gNB and a relay node (RN) , or Uu interface for communication between the eNB / gNB and a terminal device.
[0426] The program 1530 is assumed to include program instructions that, when executed by the associated processor 1510, enable the device 1500 to operate in accordance with the embodiments of the present disclosure, as discussed herein with reference to FIGS. 1 to 15. The embodiments herein may be implemented by computer software executable by the processor 1510 of the device 1500, or by hardware, or by a combination of software and hardware. The processor 1510 may be configured to implement various embodiments of the present disclosure. Furthermore, a combination of the processor 1510 and memory 1520 may form processing means 1550 adapted to implement various embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0427] The memory 1520 may be of any type suitable to the local technical network and may be implemented using any suitable data storage technology, such as a non-transitory computer readable storage medium, semiconductor-based memory devices, magnetic memory devices and systems, optical memory devices and systems, fixed memory and removable memory, as non-limiting examples. While only one memory 1520 is shown in the device 1500, there may be several physically distinct memory modules in the device 1500. The processor 1510 may be of any type suitable to the local technical network, and may include one or more of general purpose computers, special purpose computers, microprocessors, digital signal processors (DSPs) and processors based on multicore processor architecture, as non-limiting examples. The device 1500 may have multiple processors, such as an application specific integrated circuit chip that is slaved in time to a clock which synchronizes the main processor.
[0428] According to embodiments of the present disclosure, a first device comprising a circuitry is provided. The circuitry is configured to: receive, from a second device, configuration information related to a plurality of first sets of elements; obtain, based at least in part on the configuration information, a plurality of sets of predicted results associated with a second set of elements, each set of predicted results corresponding to a first set of the plurality of first sets; and transmit, to the second device, at least one message comprising information indicating or determined based on the plurality of sets of predicted results.
[0429] According to embodiments of the present disclosure, the circuitry may be configured to perform any method implemented by the first device as discussed above.
[0430] According to embodiments of the present disclosure, a first device comprising a circuitry is provided. The circuitry is configured to: receive, from a second device, configuration information indicating: a set of measurement resources, and at least one measurement resource indicator, each measurement resource indicator corresponding to a time instance, the at least one measurement resource indicator being associated with the set of measurement resources; and determine, based at least in part on the configuration information, measurement resources corresponding to a time instance.
[0431] According to embodiments of the present disclosure, the circuitry may be configured to perform any method implemented by the first device as discussed above.
[0432] According to embodiments of the present disclosure, a second device comprising a circuitry is provided. The circuitry is configured to: transmit, to a first device, configuration information related to a plurality of first sets of elements; receive, from the first device, at least one message comprising information indicating or determined based on a plurality of sets of predicted results, wherein the plurality of sets of predicted results is obtained by the first device based at least in part on the configuration information, a plurality of sets of predicted results associated with a second set of elements and each set of predicted results corresponding to a first set of the plurality of first sets.
[0433] According to embodiments of the present disclosure, the circuitry may be configured to perform any method implemented by the second device as discussed above.
[0434] According to embodiments of the present disclosure, a second device comprising a circuitry is provided. The circuitry is configured to: generate, configuration information indicating: a set of measurement resources, and at least one measurement resource indicator, each measurement resource indicator corresponding to a time instance, the at least one measurement resource indicator being associated with the set of measurement resources; and transmit the configuration information to a first device, such that the first device determines measurement resources for a time instance based at least in part on the configuration information.
[0435] According to embodiments of the present disclosure, the circuitry may be configured to perform any method implemented by the second device as discussed above.
[0436] The term “circuitry” used herein may refer to hardware circuits and / or combinations of hardware circuits and software. For example, the circuitry may be a combination of analog and / or digital hardware circuits with software / firmware. As a further example, the circuitry may be any portions of hardware processors with software including digital signal processor (s) , software, and memory (ies) that work together to cause an apparatus, such as a terminal device or a network device, to perform various functions. In a still further example, the circuitry may be hardware circuits and or processors, such as a microprocessor or a portion of a microprocessor, that requires software / firmware for operation, but the software may not be present when it is not needed for operation. As used herein, the term circuitry also covers an implementation of merely a hardware circuit or processor (s) or a portion of a hardware circuit or processor (s) and its (or their) accompanying software and / or firmware.
[0437] According to embodiments of the present disclosure, a first apparatus is provided. The first apparatus comprises means for receiving, from a second device, configuration information related to a plurality of first sets of elements; means for obtaining, based at least in part on the configuration information, a plurality of sets of predicted results associated with a second set of elements, each set of predicted results corresponding to a first set of the plurality of first sets; and means for transmitting, to the second device, at least one message comprising information indicating or determined based on the plurality of sets of predicted results. In some embodiments, the first apparatus may comprise means for performing the respective operations of the method 1100. In some example embodiments, the first apparatus may further comprise means for performing other operations in some example embodiments of the method 1100. The means may be implemented in any suitable form. For example, the means may be implemented in a circuitry or software module.
[0438] According to embodiments of the present disclosure, a first apparatus is provided. The first apparatus comprises means for receiving, from a second device, configuration information indicating: a set of measurement resources, and at least one measurement resource indicator, each measurement resource indicator corresponding to a time instance, the at least one measurement resource indicator being associated with the set of measurement resources; and means for determining, based at least in part on the configuration information, measurement resources corresponding to a time instance. In some embodiments, the second apparatus may comprise means for performing the respective operations of the method 1200. In some example embodiments, the second apparatus may further comprise means for performing other operations in some example embodiments of the method 1200. The means may be implemented in any suitable form. For example, the means may be implemented in a circuitry or software module.
[0439] According to embodiments of the present disclosure, a second apparatus is provided. The second apparatus comprises means for transmitting, to a first device, configuration information related to a plurality of first sets of elements; means for receiving, from the first device, at least one message comprising information indicating or determined based on a plurality of sets of predicted results, wherein the plurality of sets of predicted results is obtained by the first device based at least in part on the configuration information, a plurality of sets of predicted results associated with a second set of elements and each set of predicted results corresponding to a first set of the plurality of first sets. In some embodiments, the third apparatus may comprise means for performing the respective operations of the method 1300. In some example embodiments, the third apparatus may further comprise means for performing other operations in some example embodiments of the method 1300. The means may be implemented in any suitable form. For example, the means may be implemented in a circuitry or software module.
[0440] According to embodiments of the present disclosure, a second apparatus is provided. The second apparatus comprises means for generating, configuration information indicating: a set of measurement resources, and at least one measurement resource indicator, each measurement resource indicator corresponding to a time instance, the at least one measurement resource indicator being associated with the set of measurement resources; and means for transmitting the configuration information to a first device, such that the first device determines measurement resources for a time instance based at least in part on the configuration information. In some embodiments, the fourth apparatus may comprise means for performing the respective operations of the method 1400. In some example embodiments, the fourth apparatus may further comprise means for performing other operations in some example embodiments of the method 1400. The means may be implemented in any suitable form. For example, the means may be implemented in a circuitry or software module.
[0441] In summary, embodiments of the present disclosure provide the following aspects.
[0442] In an aspect, it is proposed a first device comprising: a processor configured to cause the first device to: receive, from a second device, configuration information related to a plurality of first sets of elements; obtain, based at least in part on the configuration information, a plurality of sets of predicted results associated with a second set of elements, each set of predicted results corresponding to a first set of the plurality of first sets; and transmit, to the second device, at least one message comprising information indicating or determined based on the plurality of sets of predicted results.
[0443] In some embodiments, the information comprises at least one of the following: at least part of the plurality of sets of predicted results, at least part of a plurality of sets of performance metrics determined based on the plurality of sets of predicted results, or a monitoring output determined based on the plurality of sets of performance metrics.
[0444] In some embodiments, the processor is further configured to cause the first device to:perform measurements on the plurality of first sets of elements and / or the second set of elements; and determine the plurality of sets of performance metrics based on at least one of the following: measurement results of the plurality of first sets of elements, measurement results of the second set of elements, or the plurality of sets of predicted results, wherein each of the plurality of sets of performance metrics corresponding to a first set of the plurality of first sets of elements.
[0445] In some embodiments, the monitoring output comprises a plurality of sets of states, each set of states corresponds to a first set of the plurality of first sets of elements, and each state in the set of states indicates whether one or more performance metrics of a respective element satisfies a performance criterion.
[0446] In some embodiments, in the at least one message, a mapping order of the plurality of sets of states is determined based on at least one of the following: an indicator of a type of performance metric, an indicator of the first set, an indicator of a number of elements comprised in the first set, or an indicator of a pattern of the elements comprised in the first set.
[0447] In some embodiments, the monitoring output comprises at least one group of first sets of elements, each group corresponds to a performance criterion associated with one or more types of performance metric, and each first set of elements in the group satisfies or fails to satisfy the performance criterion corresponding to the group.
[0448] In some embodiments, the at least one message further indicates at least one of the following: a number of groups of first sets in the at least one message, a number of first sets of elements in the at least one message, performance metrics of first sets of elements in the at least one message, a number of first sets of elements in a group of the at least one group, a first indication indicating presence or absence of the at least one group, a second indication indicating presence or absence of at least one first set of elements in a group of the at least one group, or a third indication indicating performance criterion corresponding to a group of the at least one group.
[0449] In some embodiments, at least one of the plurality of first sets of elements is at least one primary first set and the others of the plurality of first sets of elements are candidate first sets, and wherein the processor is further configured to cause the first device to: determine at least one new first set from the candidate first sets in accordance with at least one of the following: a performance metric corresponding to a primary first set of the at least one primary first set being worse than a first threshold, a performance metric corresponding to a candidate first set of the candidate first sets being better than a second threshold, a performance metric corresponding to a candidate first set of the candidate first sets being better than a performance metric corresponding to a primary first set of the at least one primary first set; and transmit the at least one message comprising at least one of the following: an indication that the performance metric corresponding to the primary first set is worse than the first threshold, an indication that the performance metric corresponding to the candidate first set is better than the second threshold, an indication that the performance metric corresponding to the candidate first set is better than the performance metric corresponding to the primary first set, the performance metric corresponding the primary first set, the performance metric corresponding to the candidate first set, at least one indicator of the at least one new first set, an indication indicating presence or absence of the at least one new first set, at least one performance metric of the at least one new first set, or a number of the at least one new first set.
[0450] In some embodiments, the primary first set is configured by the second device in the configuration information.
[0451] In some embodiments, the processor is further configured to cause the first device to:determine one of the following as the primary first set: a first set currently used by the first device, a first set with a highest usage frequency, or a first set which is configured in a recent measurement report.
[0452] In some embodiments, the configuration information comprises at least one of the following: an indication indicating the first device to perform measurements and / or reporting for the plurality of first sets, a number of elements in the first set, a minimum number of elements in the first set, a maximum number of elements in the first set, a pattern of elements in the first set, a minimum number of first sets of elements, or a maximum number of first sets of elements.
[0453] In some embodiments, the processor is further configured to cause the first device to:transmit, to the second device, capability-related information about at least one of the following: a number of elements in the first set supported by the first device, a minimum number of elements in the first set supported by the first device, a maximum number of elements in the first set supported by the first device, a pattern of elements in the first set supported by the first device, a minimum number of first sets of elements supported by the first device, or a maximum number of first sets of elements supported by the first device.
[0454] In some embodiments, different first sets in the plurality of first sets are different in terms of at least one of the following: a number of elements in the first set, or a pattern of elements comprised in the first set.
[0455] In some embodiments, in the at least one message, a mapping order of the plurality of sets of predicted results is determined based on at least one of the following: an indicator of the first set, an indicator of a number of elements in the first set, or an indicator of a pattern of the elements comprised in the first set.
[0456] In some embodiments, the first device is a terminal device and the second device is a network device.
[0457] In an aspect, it is proposed a first device comprising: a processor configured to cause the first device to: receive, from a second device, configuration information indicating: a set of measurement resources, and at least one measurement resource indicator, each measurement resource indicator corresponding to a time instance, the at least one measurement resource indicator being associated with the set of measurement resources; and determine, based at least in part on the configuration information, measurement resources corresponding to a time instance.
[0458] In some embodiments, the measurement resource indicator is a bitmap.
[0459] In some embodiments, each measurement resource in the set of measurement resources is identified by a resource identity, and the measurement resource indicator is a set of resource identities of measurement resources in the set of measurement resources.
[0460] In some embodiments, the processor is further configured to cause the first device to:based on absence of the at least one measurement resource indicator, determine the measurement resources for the time instance based on the set of measurement resources and at least one of the following: a recent reported predicted result corresponding to the time instance, or at least one recent activated transmission configuration indicator (TCI) state.
[0461] In an aspect, it is proposed a second device comprising: a processor configured to cause the second device to: transmit, to a first device, configuration information related to a plurality of first sets of elements; receive, from the first device, at least one message comprising information indicating or determined based on a plurality of sets of predicted results, wherein the plurality of sets of predicted results is obtained by the first device based at least in part on the configuration information, a plurality of sets of predicted results associated with a second set of elements and each set of predicted results corresponding to a first set of the plurality of first sets.
[0462] In some embodiments, the information comprises at least one of the following: at least part of the plurality of sets of predicted results, at least part of a plurality of sets of performance metrics determined based on the plurality of sets of predicted results, or a monitoring output determined based on the plurality of sets of performance metrics.
[0463] In some embodiments, the monitoring output comprises a plurality of sets of states, each set of states corresponds to a first set of the plurality of first sets of elements, and each state in the set of states indicates whether one or more performance metrics of a respective element satisfies a performance criterion.
[0464] In some embodiments, in the at least one message, a mapping order of the plurality of sets of states is determined based on at least one of the following: an indicator of a type of performance metric, an indicator of the first set, an indicator of a number of elements comprised in the first set, or an indicator of a pattern of the elements comprised in the first set.
[0465] In some embodiments, the monitoring output comprises at least one group of first sets of elements, each group corresponds to a performance criterion associated with one or more types of performance metric, and each first set of elements in the group satisfies or fails to satisfy the performance criterion corresponding to the group.
[0466] In some embodiments, the at least one message further indicates at least one of the following: a number of groups of first sets in the at least one message, a number of first sets of elements in the at least one message, performance metrics of first sets of elements in the at least one message, a number of first sets of elements in a group of the at least one group, a first indication indicating presence or absence of the at least one group, a second indication indicating presence or absence of at least one first set of elements in a group of the at least one group, or a third indication indicating performance criterion corresponding to a group of the at least one group.
[0467] In some embodiments, at least one of the plurality of first sets of elements is at least one primary first set and the others of the plurality of first sets of elements are candidate first sets, and wherein the processor is further configured to cause the second device to: receive, from the first device, the at least one message comprising at least one of the following: an indication that the performance metric corresponding to the primary first set is worse than the first threshold, an indication that the performance metric corresponding to the candidate first set is better than the second threshold, an indication that the performance metric corresponding to the candidate first set is better than the performance metric corresponding to the primary first set, the performance metric corresponding the primary first set, the performance metric corresponding to the candidate first set, at least one indicator of the at least one new first set, an indication indicating presence or absence of the at least one new first set, at least one performance metric of the at least one new first set, or a number of the at least one new first set.
[0468] In some embodiments, the primary first set is configured by the second device in the configuration information.
[0469] In some embodiments, the configuration information comprises at least one of the following: an indication indicating the first device to perform measurements and / or reporting for the plurality of first sets, a number of elements in the first set, a minimum number of elements in the first set, a maximum number of elements in the first set, a pattern of elements in the first set, a minimum number of first sets of elements, or a maximum number of first sets of elements.
[0470] In some embodiments, the processor is further configured to cause the second device to: receive, from the first device, capability-related information about at least one of the following: a number of elements in the first set supported by the first device, a minimum number of elements in the first set supported by the first device, a maximum number of elements in the first set supported by the first device, a pattern of elements in the first set supported by the first device, a minimum number of first sets of elements supported by the first device, or a maximum number of first sets of elements supported by the first device.
[0471] In some embodiments, different first sets in the plurality of first sets are different in terms of at least one of the following: a number of elements in the first set, or a pattern of elements comprised in the first set.
[0472] In some embodiments, in the at least one message, a mapping order of the plurality of sets of predicted results is determined based on at least one of the following: an indicator of the first set, an indicator of a number of elements in the first set, or an indicator of a pattern of the elements comprised in the first set.
[0473] In some embodiments, the first device is a terminal device and the second device is a network device.
[0474] In an aspect, it is proposed a second device comprising: a processor configured to cause the second device to: generate, configuration information indicating: a set of measurement resources, and at least one measurement resource indicator, each measurement resource indicator corresponding to a time instance, the at least one measurement resource indicator being associated with the set of measurement resources; and transmit the configuration information to a first device, such that the first device determines measurement resources for a time instance based at least in part on the configuration information.
[0475] In some embodiments, the measurement resource indicator is a bitmap.
[0476] In some embodiments, each measurement resource in the set of measurement resources is identified by a resource identity, and the measurement resource indicator is a set of resource identities of measurement resources in the first set of measurement resources.
[0477] In an aspect, a first device comprises: at least one processor; and at least one memory coupled to the at least one processor and storing instructions thereon, the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, causing the device to perform the method implemented by the first device discussed above.
[0478] In an aspect, a first device comprises: at least one processor; and at least one memory coupled to the at least one processor and storing instructions thereon, the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, causing the device to perform the method implemented by the first device discussed above.
[0479] In an aspect, a second device comprises: at least one processor; and at least one memory coupled to the at least one processor and storing instructions thereon, the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, causing the device to perform the method implemented by the second device discussed above.
[0480] In an aspect, a second device comprises: at least one processor; and at least one memory coupled to the at least one processor and storing instructions thereon, the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, causing the device to perform the method implemented by the second device discussed above.
[0481] In an aspect, a computer readable medium having instructions stored thereon, the instructions, when executed on at least one processor, causing the at least one processor to perform the method implemented by the first device discussed above.
[0482] In an aspect, a computer readable medium having instructions stored thereon, the instructions, when executed on at least one processor, causing the at least one processor to perform the method implemented by the first device discussed above.
[0483] In an aspect, a computer readable medium having instructions stored thereon, the instructions, when executed on at least one processor, causing the at least one processor to perform the method implemented by the second device discussed above.
[0484] In an aspect, a computer readable medium having instructions stored thereon, the instructions, when executed on at least one processor, causing the at least one processor to perform the method implemented by the second device discussed above.
[0485] In an aspect, a computer program comprising instructions, the instructions, when executed on at least one processor, causing the at least one processor to perform the method implemented by the first device discussed above.
[0486] In an aspect, a computer program comprising instructions, the instructions, when executed on at least one processor, causing the at least one processor to perform the method implemented by the first device discussed above.
[0487] In an aspect, a computer program comprising instructions, the instructions, when executed on at least one processor, causing the at least one processor to perform the method implemented by the second device discussed above.
[0488] In an aspect, a computer program comprising instructions, the instructions, when executed on at least one processor, causing the at least one processor to perform the method implemented by the second device discussed above.
[0489] Generally, various embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented in hardware or special purpose circuits, software, logic or any combination thereof. Some aspects may be implemented in hardware, while other aspects may be implemented in firmware or software which may be executed by a controller, microprocessor or other computing device. While various aspects of embodiments of the present disclosure are illustrated and described as block diagrams, flowcharts, or using some other pictorial representation, it will be appreciated that the blocks, apparatus, systems, techniques or methods described herein may be implemented in, as non-limiting examples, hardware, software, firmware, special purpose circuits or logic, general purpose hardware or controller or other computing devices, or some combination thereof.
[0490] The present disclosure also provides at least one computer program product tangibly stored on a non-transitory computer readable storage medium. The computer program product includes computer-executable instructions, such as those included in program modules, being executed in a device on a target real or virtual processor, to carry out the process or method as described above with reference to FIGS. 1 to 15. Generally, program modules include routines, programs, libraries, objects, classes, components, data structures, or the like that perform particular tasks or implement particular abstract data types. The functionality of the program modules may be combined or split between program modules as desired in various embodiments. Machine-executable instructions for program modules may be executed within a local or distributed device. In a distributed device, program modules may be located in both local and remote storage media.
[0491] Program code for carrying out methods of the present disclosure may be written in any combination of one or more programming languages. These program codes may be provided to a processor or controller of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, or other programmable data processing apparatus, such that the program codes, when executed by the processor or controller, cause the functions / operations specified in the flowcharts and / or block diagrams to be implemented. The program code may execute entirely on a machine, partly on the machine, as a stand-alone software package, partly on the machine and partly on a remote machine or entirely on the remote machine or server.
[0492] The above program code may be embodied on a machine readable medium, which may be any tangible medium that may contain, or store a program for use by or in connection with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device. The machine readable medium may be a machine readable signal medium or a machine readable storage medium. A machine readable medium may include but not limited to an electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor system, apparatus, or device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing. More specific examples of the machine readable storage medium would include an electrical connection having one or more wires, a portable computer diskette, a hard disk, a random access memory (RAM) , a read-only memory (ROM) , an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or Flash memory) , an optical fiber, a portable compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM) , an optical storage device, a magnetic storage device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing.
[0493] Further, while operations are depicted in a particular order, this should not be understood as requiring that such operations be performed in the particular order shown or in sequential order, or that all illustrated operations be performed, to achieve desirable results. In certain circumstances, multitasking and parallel processing may be advantageous. Likewise, while several specific implementation details are contained in the above discussions, these should not be construed as limitations on the scope of the present disclosure, but rather as descriptions of features that may be specific to particular embodiments. Certain features that are described in the context of separate embodiments may also be implemented in combination in a single embodiment. Conversely, various features that are described in the context of a single embodiment may also be implemented in multiple embodiments separately or in any suitable sub-combination.
[0494] Although the present disclosure has been described in language specific to structural features and / or methodological acts, it is to be understood that the present disclosure defined in the appended claims is not necessarily limited to the specific features or acts described above. Rather, the specific features and acts described above are disclosed as example forms of implementing the claims.
Claims
1.A first device comprising:a processor configured to cause the first device to:receive, from a second device, configuration information related to a plurality of first sets of elements;obtain, based at least in part on the configuration information, a plurality of sets of predicted results associated with a second set of elements, each set of predicted results corresponding to a first set of the plurality of first sets; andtransmit, to the second device, at least one message comprising information indicating or determined based on the plurality of sets of predicted results.2.The first device of claim 1, wherein the information comprises at least one of the following:at least part of the plurality of sets of predicted results,at least part of a plurality of sets of performance metrics determined based on the plurality of sets of predicted results, ora monitoring output determined based on the plurality of sets of performance metrics.3.The first device of claim 2, wherein the processor is further configured to cause the first device to:perform measurements on the plurality of first sets of elements and / or the second set of elements; anddetermine the plurality of sets of performance metrics based on at least one of the following:measurement results of the plurality of first sets of elements,measurement results of the second set of elements, orthe plurality of sets of predicted results,wherein each of the plurality of sets of performance metrics corresponding to a first set of the plurality of first sets of elements.4.The first device of claim 2, wherein the monitoring output comprises a plurality of sets of states, each set of states corresponds to a first set of the plurality of first sets of elements, and each state in the set of states indicates whether one or more performance metrics of a respective element satisfies a performance criterion.5.The first device of claim 4, wherein, in the at least one message, a mapping order of the plurality of sets of states is determined based on at least one of the following:an indicator of a type of performance metric,an indicator of the first set,an indicator of a number of elements comprised in the first set, oran indicator of a pattern of the elements comprised in the first set.6.The first device of claim 2, wherein the monitoring output comprises at least one group of first sets of elements, each group corresponds to a performance criterion associated with one or more types of performance metric, and each first set of elements in the group satisfies or fails to satisfy the performance criterion corresponding to the group.7.The first device of claim 6, wherein the at least one message further indicates at least one of the following:a number of groups of first sets in the at least one message,a number of first sets of elements in the at least one message,performance metrics of first sets of elements in the at least one message,a number of first sets of elements in a group of the at least one group,a first indication indicating presence or absence of the at least one group,a second indication indicating presence or absence of at least one first set of elements in a group of the at least one group, ora third indication indicating performance criterion corresponding to a group of the at least one group.8.The first device of claim 1, wherein at least one of the plurality of first sets of elements is at least one primary first set and the others of the plurality of first sets of elements are candidate first sets, and wherein the processor is further configured to cause the first device to:determine at least one new first set from the candidate first sets in accordance with at least one of the following:a performance metric corresponding to a primary first set of the at least one primary first set being worse than a first threshold,a performance metric corresponding to a candidate first set of the candidate first sets being better than a second threshold,a performance metric corresponding to a candidate first set of the candidate first sets being better than a performance metric corresponding to a primary first set of the at least one primary first set; andtransmit the at least one message comprising at least one of the following:an indication that the performance metric corresponding to the primary first set is worse than the first threshold,an indication that the performance metric corresponding to the candidate first set is better than the second threshold,an indication that the performance metric corresponding to the candidate first set is better than the performance metric corresponding to the primary first set,the performance metric corresponding the primary first set,the performance metric corresponding to the candidate first set,at least one indicator of the at least one new first set,an indication indicating presence or absence of the at least one new first set,at least one performance metric of the at least one new first set, ora number of the at least one new first set.9.The first device of claim 8, wherein the primary first set is configured by the second device in the configuration information.10.The first device of claim 8, wherein the processor is further configured to cause the first device to:determine one of the following as the primary first set:a first set currently used by the first device,a first set with a highest usage frequency, ora first set which is configured in a recent measurement report.11.The first device of claim 1, wherein the configuration information comprises at least one of the following:an indication indicating the first device to perform measurements and / or reporting for the plurality of first sets,a number of elements in the first set,a minimum number of elements in the first set,a maximum number of elements in the first set,a pattern of elements in the first set,a minimum number of first sets of elements, ora maximum number of first sets of elements.12.The first device of claim 1, wherein the processor is further configured to cause the first device to:transmit, to the second device, capability-related information about at least one of the following:a number of elements in the first set supported by the first device,a minimum number of elements in the first set supported by the first device,a maximum number of elements in the first set supported by the first device,a pattern of elements in the first set supported by the first device,a minimum number of first sets of elements supported by the first device, ora maximum number of first sets of elements supported by the first device.13.The first device of claim 1, wherein different first sets in the plurality of first sets are different in terms of at least one of the following:a number of elements in the first set, ora pattern of elements comprised in the first set.14.The first device of claim 1, wherein, in the at least one message, a mapping order of the plurality of sets of predicted results is determined based on at least one of the following:an indicator of the first set,an indicator of a number of elements in the first set, oran indicator of a pattern of the elements comprised in the first set.15.The second device of claim 1, wherein the first device is a terminal device and the second device is a network device.16.A first device comprising:a processor configured to cause the first device to:receive, from a second device, configuration information indicating:a set of measurement resources, andat least one measurement resource indicator, each measurement resource indicator corresponding to a time instance, the at least one measurement resource indicator being associated with the set of measurement resources; anddetermine, based at least in part on the configuration information, measurement resources corresponding to a time instance.17.The first device of claim 16, wherein the measurement resource indicator is a bitmap.18.The first device of claim 16, wherein each measurement resource in the set of measurement resources is identified by a resource identity, and the measurement resource indicator is a set of resource identities of measurement resources in the set of measurement resources.19.The first device of claim 16, wherein the processor is further configured to cause the first device to:based on absence of the at least one measurement resource indicator, determine the measurement resources for the time instance based on the set of measurement resources and at least one of the following:a recent reported predicted result corresponding to the time instance, orat least one recent activated transmission configuration indicator (TCI) state.20.A second device comprising:a processor configured to cause the second device to:transmit, to a first device, configuration information related to a plurality of first sets of elements; andreceive, from the first device, at least one message comprising information indicating or determined based on a plurality of sets of predicted results, wherein the plurality of sets of predicted results is obtained by the first device based at least in part on the configuration information, a plurality of sets of predicted results associated with a second set of elements and each set of predicted results corresponding to a first set of the plurality of first sets.
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