Solar cell

Abstract

The present disclosure is applicable to the technical field of photovoltaics. Provided is a solar cell. At least one surface of the solar cell comprises a plurality of repeated regions, and each repeated region comprises at least two cell units. Each cell unit is a PN unit, which comprises an N region and a P region, or, each cell unit is a PNG unit, which comprises an N region, a P region and a G region. At least two of the cell units having the same constituent part are a first unit and a second unit, respectively, wherein the first unit and the second unit satisfy at least one of the following: the widths of the P regions being different, the widths of the N regions being different, and the widths of the G regions being different. By means of adjusting the width difference of at least one of N regions, P regions and G regions, the light absorption range and the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell can be improved, and light energy resources can be utilized to the greatest extent, thereby significantly increasing the probability of photo-generated current collection without affecting the production capacity, and increasing the cell-to-module efficiency change ratio and the yields of solar cells and modules.

Description

Solar cells

[0001] Priority information

[0002] This disclosure requests priority and benefits to patent applications filed with the China National Intellectual Property Administration on June 21, 2024, with patent application numbers 202410804760.1, 202410804761.6 and 202410804756.5, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. Technical Field

[0003] This disclosure pertains to the field of photovoltaic technology, and particularly relates to a solar cell. Background Technology

[0004] The back-junction solar cell utilizes photolithography to locally diffuse phosphorus and boron onto the back of the cell, forming finger-like, interlaced P-regions and N-regions, as well as P+ and n+ regions above them. The re-diffusion of the P+ and N+ regions effectively eliminates voltage saturation under high-concentration conditions. Furthermore, the coverage area of ​​the P+ and N+ region contact electrodes reaches almost half of the back surface, significantly reducing series resistance. G-regions can also be placed between the P and N regions to form gaps, improving the separation efficiency of photogenerated charges and reducing recombination losses.

[0005] A fully reverse-facing solar cell (all-N or all-P) is another design for solar cells, characterized by one side of the entire cell (or most of the cell) being diffused into a P-type polarity, while the other side is diffused into an N-type polarity. This design allows the cell to receive light from both the front and back sides, effectively improving photoelectric conversion efficiency. This type of cell is commonly used in the manufacture of solar panels to optimize energy harvesting and utilization of sunlight.

[0006] Currently, the grid regions of back junction cells and all-reverse cells typically use a single-pitch structure. However, different regions of the cell (such as the edges) have different carrier collection capabilities. Therefore, existing cell structures cannot maximize carrier collection and have low collection efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0007] This disclosure provides a solar cell designed to address the problem that the cell structure cannot maximize carrier collection and has low collection efficiency.

[0008] The first aspect of this disclosure provides a solar cell, wherein at least one side of the solar cell includes a plurality of repeating regions, each repeating region including at least two cell cells. The cell cells are either PN cells, each PN cell including an N-region and a P-region, or PNG cells, each PNG cell including an N-region, a P-region, and a G-region. The at least two cell cells having identical components are respectively a first cell and a second cell, wherein the first cell and the second cell satisfy at least one of the following:

[0009] The width of the P area is different;

[0010] The width of the N region is different;

[0011] The width of area G is different.

[0012] Optionally, the first unit and the second unit are PN units, and the first unit and the second unit satisfy at least one of the following:

[0013] The width of the P area is different;

[0014] The width of the N region is different.

[0015] Optionally, at least two battery cells further include a third cell and a fourth cell, wherein the third cell and the fourth cell are PNG cells, the G-region widths of the third cell and the fourth cell are the same, and the third cell and the fourth cell satisfy at least one of the following:

[0016] The width of the P area is different;

[0017] The width of the N region is different.

[0018] Optionally, each repeating region includes one first unit and at least three second units.

[0019] Optionally, the total width of the first unit is 1 to 3 times the total width of the second unit.

[0020] Optionally, the width of region P in the first unit is 0.3 to 3 times the width of region P in the second unit; the width of region N in the first unit is 0.3 to 3 times the width of region N in the second unit.

[0021] Optionally, the width ratio of the N-region to the P-region in each battery cell is 2:8 to 8:2.

[0022] Optionally, the battery cell is a PNG cell, with G regions set on both sides of the N region.

[0023] Optionally, the battery cell is a PNG cell, and each battery cell has metal grid lines set in the P region and N region respectively, and the distance between the metal grid lines and the adjacent G region is greater than 0.

[0024] Optionally, the ratio of the width of the metal grid line in region P of the first unit to the width of the metal grid line in region P of the second unit is 0.05:20; the ratio of the width of the metal grid line in region N of the first unit to the width of the metal grid line in region N of the second unit is 0.05:20.

[0025] Optionally, the distance between the metal grid line and the adjacent G region is greater than or equal to 25 μm.

[0026] Optionally, the battery cell includes an N region and a P region, and each battery cell has metal grid lines in the P region and the N region respectively, with the distance between the metal grid lines and the adjacent N region or P region being greater than 0.

[0027] Optionally, the width of the metal grid line in region P of the first unit is in a ratio of 0.05:20 to the width of the metal grid line in region N of the first unit and the width of the metal grid line in region N of the second unit are in a ratio of 0.05:20.

[0028] Optionally, the distance between the metal grid line and the adjacent N-region or P-region is greater than or equal to 10 μm.

[0029] The beneficial effects achieved by the first aspect of this disclosure are as follows: Since at least one solar cell comprises multiple repeating regions, each repeating region comprises at least two cell cells, and each cell cell comprises an N-region and a P-region, or comprises an N-region, a P-region, and a G-region. In this design, any two cell cells with identical components are defined as a first cell and a second cell, respectively, and at least one of the widths of the P-region, the N-region, and the G-region differs between the first cell and the second cell. By adjusting the width difference of at least one of the N-region, P-region, and G-region, the light absorption range and photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell can be improved, and the utilization of light energy resources can be maximized. This significantly increases the probability of photocurrent collection without affecting production capacity, thereby improving the efficiency change ratio from cell to module and the yield of both the cell and the module.

[0030] The second aspect of this disclosure provides yet another type of solar cell, wherein at least one side of the solar cell is provided with a full-surface doped region, the doped region being P-doped or N-doped, and multiple metal grid lines are provided on the doped region, the multiple metal grid lines dividing the doped region into multiple repeating regions, the repeating regions including multiple cell cells, the area defined by one metal grid line and its adjacent metal grid lines is one cell cell, any two cell cells being a first cell cell and a second cell cell, the first cell cell and the second cell cell satisfying at least one of the following:

[0031] The widths of the first and second units are different;

[0032] The widths of the metal grid lines are different in the first and second units.

[0033] Optionally, each repeating region includes one first unit and at least three second units.

[0034] Optionally, the width of the first unit is 1 to 3 times the total width of the second unit.

[0035] Optionally, the width of the metal grid lines in the first unit is 0.05 to 20 times the width of the metal grid lines in the second unit.

[0036] Optionally, the metal grid line is at least one of the sub-gate and the main gate.

[0037] Optionally, the width of the first unit is greater than the width of the second unit, and the first unit is applied to both sides of the connection point.

[0038] Optionally, when the metal grid line is a sub-grid, the width of the metal grid line is 0.2 mm to 4 mm.

[0039] Optionally, when the metal grid line is the main grid, the width of the metal grid line is 5mm to 300mm.

[0040] The beneficial effects achieved by the second aspect of this disclosure are as follows: Since at least one solar cell includes multiple repeating regions, each repeating region includes at least two cell cells, and each cell cell is divided by metal grid lines, the at least two cell cells are defined as a first cell and a second cell, respectively, and the width of the first cell and the second cell, or the width of the metal grid lines, differs. By adjusting the width difference between the first cell and the second cell, the light absorption range and photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell can be improved, and the utilization of light energy resources can be maximized. This significantly increases the probability of photocurrent collection without affecting production capacity, thereby improving the efficiency change ratio from cell to module and the yield of both the cell and the module. Attached Figure Description

[0041] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the repeating region of a solar cell provided in this disclosure;

[0042] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the repeating region of another solar cell provided in this disclosure;

[0043] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the repeating region of another solar cell provided in this disclosure;

[0044] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the repeating region of another solar cell provided in this disclosure;

[0045] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the repeating region of another solar cell provided in this disclosure.

[0046] Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the repeating region of another type of solar cell provided in this disclosure;

[0047] Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the repeating region of another solar cell provided in this disclosure;

[0048] Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of the repeating region of another solar cell provided in this disclosure;

[0049] Figure 9 is a schematic diagram of the repeating region of another solar cell provided in this disclosure;

[0050] Figure 10 is a schematic diagram of the repeating region of another solar cell provided in this disclosure;

[0051] Figure 11 is a schematic diagram of the repeating region of another solar cell provided in this disclosure;

[0052] Figure 12 is a schematic diagram of the repeating region of another solar cell provided in this disclosure;

[0053] Figure 13 is a schematic diagram of the repeating region of another solar cell provided in this disclosure;

[0054] Figure 14 is a schematic diagram of the repeating region of another solar cell provided in this disclosure;

[0055] Figure 15 is a schematic diagram of the repeating region of another solar cell provided in this disclosure;

[0056] Figure 16 is a schematic diagram of the repeating region of another solar cell provided in this disclosure.

[0057] Figure 17 is a schematic diagram of the repeating region of another solar cell provided in this disclosure;

[0058] Figure 18 is a schematic diagram of the repeating region of another solar cell provided in this disclosure.

[0059] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures: 100, repeating area; 101, first unit; 102, second unit; 103, third unit; 104, fourth unit; 105, metal grid line. Detailed Implementation

[0060] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this disclosure clearer, the following detailed description is provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. Examples of the embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain this disclosure, and should not be construed as limiting this disclosure. Furthermore, it should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely for explaining this disclosure and are not intended to limit this disclosure.

[0061] In the description of this disclosure, it should be understood that the terms “length”, “width”, “upper”, “lower”, “left”, “right”, “horizontal”, “top”, “bottom”, etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing this disclosure and simplifying the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this disclosure.

[0062] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the stated features. In the description of this disclosure, "a plurality of" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0063] In the description of this disclosure, it should be noted that, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "linkage" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection, an electrical connection, or a connection that allows communication between them; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication between two components or the interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this disclosure according to the specific circumstances.

[0064] In this disclosure, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, "above" or "below" the second feature can include direct contact between the first and second features, or contact between the first and second features through another feature between them. Furthermore, "above," "over," and "on top" of the second feature includes the first feature directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature. "Below," "below," and "under" the second feature includes the first feature directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is at a lower horizontal level than the second feature.

[0065] The following disclosure provides numerous different embodiments or examples for implementing various structures of this disclosure. To simplify the disclosure, specific examples of components and arrangements are described below. These are merely examples and are not intended to limit the scope of this disclosure. Furthermore, reference numerals and / or letters may be repeated in different examples; such repetition is for simplification and clarity and does not in itself indicate a relationship between the various embodiments and / or arrangements discussed. In addition, various specific examples of processes and materials are provided in this disclosure, but those skilled in the art will recognize the application of other processes and / or the use of other materials.

[0066] In this disclosure, at least one side of a solar cell includes multiple repeating regions, each repeating region comprising at least two cell cells. Each cell cell includes an N-region and a P-region, or an N-region, a P-region, and a G-region. At least two cell cells with identical components are designated as a first cell and a second cell, respectively. The first cell and the second cell satisfy at least one of the following: the P-region widths are different; the N-region widths are different; or the G-region widths are different. It is understood that the aforementioned cell cells with identical components can refer to cell cells composed of N-regions and P-regions, or cell cells composed of N-regions, P-regions, and G-regions. The following describes the cases where all cell cells in a solar cell are composed of N-regions, P-regions, and G-regions; the cases where all cell cells in a solar cell are composed of N-regions and P-regions; and the cases where a solar cell includes both cell cells composed of N-regions and P-regions and cell cells composed of N-regions, P-regions, and G-regions.

[0067] In the following Examples 1 to 9, the cell unit is a PNG unit. Specifically, at least one side of the solar cell includes multiple repeating regions, each repeating region includes at least two PNG units, and each PNG unit includes an N-region, a P-region, and a G-region. The at least two PNG units are defined as a first unit and a second unit, respectively, and at least one of the widths of the P-region, N-region, and G-region may differ between the first unit and the second unit. By adjusting the differences in the widths of the N-region, P-region, and G-region, the light absorption range and photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell can be improved, and the utilization of light energy resources can be maximized. This significantly increases the probability of photocurrent collection without affecting production capacity, thereby improving the efficiency change ratio from cell to module and the yield of both the cell and the module.

[0068] Example 1

[0069] This embodiment provides a solar cell. At least one side of the solar cell includes multiple repeating regions 100. Each repeating region 100 includes multiple PNG units. Each PNG unit includes an N-region, a P-region, and a G-region. At least two of the PNG units are a first unit 101 and a second unit 102, respectively. The first unit 101 and the second unit 102 satisfy at least one of the following: the P-region has a different width; the N-region has a different width; and the G-region has a different width.

[0070] Multiple repeating regions 100 are arranged on one or both sides of a solar panel. Each repeating region 100 includes two or more PNG units. The PNG units contained in each repeating region 100 are the same as those contained in other repeating regions 100. Multiple identical repeating regions 100 are repeatedly arranged. It is understood that the repeating regions 100 do not need to cover the entire solar cell, and the solar cell may have parts that are not composed of the repeating regions 100.

[0071] Each PNG unit includes an N-region, a P-region, and a G-region. The N-region, short for N-type semiconductor region, can be an N-type doped region formed by diffusion doping, an N-type silicon substrate, or an N+ region formed by ion implantation or other methods. The P-region, short for P-type semiconductor, can be a P-type doped region formed by diffusion doping, a P-type silicon substrate, a P+ aluminum back field formed by aluminum paste sintering, or a P+ region formed by ion implantation or other methods. The G-region, also known as the GAP region or photogenerated charge separation layer, can be an undoped silicon-based region, a lightly doped region, or other poorly conductive structures. Located between the P-region and the N-region, it is used to achieve spatial separation of the PN junction and effectively solve the leakage problem at the P-N contact area.

[0072] Any two PNG units are designated as first unit 101 and second unit 102, and first unit 101 and second unit 102 are set adjacent to each other. Specifically, the widths of the P-area in the first unit 101 and the second unit 102 can be different, but the widths of the N-area can be the same, as shown in Figure 1; or the widths of the N-area in the first unit 101 and the second unit 102 can be different, but the widths of the P-area can be the same, as shown in Figure 2; or the widths of both the P-area and N-area in the first unit 101 and the second unit 102 can be different, but the widths of the P-area and N-area in the first unit 101 can be the same, while the widths of the P-area and N-area in the second unit 102 can be different, as shown in Figure 3; or the widths of both the P-area and N-area in the first unit 101 and the second unit 102 can be different, but the widths of the P-area and N-area in the second unit 102 can be the same, while the widths of the P-area and N-area in the first unit 101 can be different, as shown in Figure 4; or the widths of both the P-area and N-area in the first unit 101 and the second unit 102 can be different, and the widths of the P-area and N-area in the first unit 101 can be the same, while the widths of the P-area and N-area in the second unit 102 can be the same, as shown in Figure 5. The examples above include two cases where the widths of the P regions of the first unit 101 and the second unit 102 are the same or different.

[0073] Specifically, the N, P, and G areas in a PNG unit can be tiled on the same plane, or the N, P, and G areas can be partially overlapped.

[0074] In this embodiment, this solar cell can be implemented using different materials and processes. By precisely controlling the widths of the N, P, and G regions, the charge separation efficiency and power output performance of the solar cell under different illumination conditions can be adjusted. For example, the charge transport and current collection effect can be optimized by controlling the width of the P region to improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the cell. Furthermore, by adjusting the width differences of the N, P, and G regions, the light absorption range and photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell can be improved, maximizing the utilization of solar energy resources. This significantly increases the probability of photocurrent collection without affecting production capacity; it also improves the efficiency variation ratio from cell to module and the yield of both cells and modules.

[0075] During manufacturing, advanced technologies such as photolithography and chemical deposition can be used to precisely define and control the structural dimensions of the N, P, and G regions. Simultaneously, material selection is crucial; high-efficiency photovoltaic materials, such as silicon, cadmium selenide, or gallium arsenide, can be employed to achieve higher photoelectric conversion efficiency.

[0076] It's important to understand that this design optimizes the performance of solar cells, improving their stability and flexibility under varying lighting conditions. By adjusting the widths of the N, P, and G regions, fine-tuning of the cell characteristics can be achieved to meet the requirements of different application scenarios. In the photovoltaic field, this design can provide new ideas and possibilities for the research and development of solar cells, contributing to the advancement and application of solar photovoltaic technology.

[0077] Example 2

[0078] Based on Embodiment 1, at least one of the P-region width and N-region width of the first unit 101 and the second unit 102 is different, while the G-region width of the first unit 101 and the second unit 102 is the same.

[0079] The width of the G-region is an important parameter in solar cells. A narrower G-region can promote the rapid separation of photogenerated charges and prevent charge recombination. Therefore, a smaller G-region width helps to improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the cell. However, it will increase the resistance and affect the current collection effect.

[0080] Maintaining equal width across all G-regions ensures the uniformity and consistency of the battery structure, facilitating performance control and optimization during production and reducing unevenness in different areas. G-regions of equal width simplify the manufacturing process, eliminating the need for additional steps to adjust the dimensions of different regions, making cell arrangement easier, and ultimately improving production efficiency and reducing costs.

[0081] Example 3

[0082] Based on Embodiment 1, each repeating region 100 includes a first unit 101 and at least three second units 102.

[0083] In the simulation experiment of photovoltaic cells, it was found that the theoretical efficiency of the PNG cell with a width of 1.2mm is 26.914%, and the theoretical efficiency of the PNG cell with a width of 0.8mm is 27.132%. By combining three 0.8mm and one 1.2mm cells, the efficiency is 27.088%, with an efficiency reduction of <0.05%. The efficiency loss is small, but it can significantly improve the cell yield.

[0084] The actual efficiency of a PNG unit can be estimated using the following formula:

[0085] Assuming two PNG elements are pitch1 and pitch2, the theoretical photoelectric conversion efficiency of the PNG element with width w1 in pitch1 is Eta1;

[0086] The theoretical photoelectric conversion efficiency of a PNG unit with a pitch width of w2 is: Eta2;

[0087] If the minimum repeating region 100 contains n1 pitch1s and n2 pitch2s, its efficiency can be estimated as its arithmetic average Eta = (n1×w1×Eta1 + n2×w2×Eta1) / (n1×w1 + n2×w2). Based on the calculated efficiency value and yield value, a suitable production process can be deduced. If the expected efficiency value is Eta1, then a structure with (Eta-Eta1) < 0.05% is selected for design.

[0088] According to experimental data, when the ratio of the number of first unit 101 and second unit 102 within the repeating region 100 is greater than 1:3, the impact on efficiency is relatively small, but the improvement in cell yield is significant. Specifically, the ratio can be calculated using the formula described above based on actual needs.

[0089] Example 4

[0090] Based on Embodiment 1, the total width of the first unit 101 is 1 to 3 times the total width of the second unit 102.

[0091] In the simulation experiment of photovoltaic cells, it was found that the theoretical efficiency of a PNG cell with a width of 0.4mm is 27.23%. If a combination of a PNG cell with a width of 0.4mm and a PNG cell with a width of 1.3mm is used, the efficiency is 27.01%, which is a decrease of 0.22%. The efficiency loss is too large and cannot meet the requirements of improving the efficiency of the cell design.

[0092] Specifically, the total width of the first unit 101 can be greater than the total width of the second unit 102. Laboratory verification shows that when the total width of the first unit 101 is no more than three times the total width of the second unit 102, the impact on the cell efficiency is small.

[0093] The total width of the first unit 101 can also be the same as the total width of the second unit 102. Specifically, the width of the N area of ​​the first unit 101 can be the same as the width of the P area of ​​the second unit 102, and the width of the N area of ​​the second unit 102 can be the same as the width of the P area of ​​the first unit 101. The specific width can be set according to actual usage requirements.

[0094] Example 5

[0095] Based on Embodiment 1, the width of region P in the first unit 101 is 0.3 to 3 times the width of region P in the second unit 102; the width of region N in the first unit 101 is 0.3 to 3 times the width of region N in the second unit 102.

[0096] The width of region P in the first unit 101 can be smaller than the width of region P in the second unit 102. For example, the width of region P in the first unit 101 can be 0.3 times the width of region P in the second unit 102. Alternatively, the width of region P in the first unit 101 can be larger than the width of region P in the second unit 102. For example, the width of region P in the first unit 101 can be 3 times the width of region P in the second unit 102. According to laboratory data, when the width of region P in the first unit 101 is between 0.3 and 3 times the width of region P in the second unit 102, the impact on battery efficiency is relatively small, and the battery appearance is also more aesthetically pleasing.

[0097] The width of the N-region in the first unit 101 can be smaller than the width of the N-region in the second unit 102. For example, the width of the N-region in the first unit 101 can be 0.3 times the width of the N-region in the second unit 102. Alternatively, the width of the N-region in the first unit 101 can be larger than the width of the N-region in the second unit 102. For example, the width of the N-region in the first unit 101 can be 3 times the width of the N-region in the second unit 102. According to laboratory data, when the width of the N-region in the first unit 101 is between 0.3 and 3 times the width of the N-region in the second unit 102, the impact on battery efficiency is relatively small, and the battery appearance is also more aesthetically pleasing.

[0098] The ratio of the width of area P in unit 101 to the width of area P in unit 102, and the ratio of the width of area N in unit 101 to the width of area N in unit 102, can be set according to actual usage requirements.

[0099] Example 6

[0100] Based on Example 1, the width ratio of the N region and the P region in each PNG unit is 2:8 to 8:2.

[0101] In photovoltaic cell simulation experiments, it was found that for a 1.2mm width pitch cell, when the width ratio of the P-region to the N-region is 1:1, the efficiency is 26.95%; when the width ratio of the P-region to the N-region is 1:5, the efficiency is 26.63%, a decrease of 0.32%, which is too large to meet the requirements for improving cell efficiency; when the width ratio of the P-region to the N-region is 5:1, the efficiency is 26.71%, a decrease of 0.24%, which is also too large to meet the requirements for improving cell efficiency.

[0102] According to laboratory data, when the width ratio of the N-region to the P-region in each pitch unit is 2:8 to 8:2, the impact on battery efficiency is small, and the battery appearance is also more aesthetically pleasing.

[0103] Specifically, in a PNG unit, the width of area N can be greater than the width of area P. For example, the ratio of the width of area N to the width of area P can be 6:4; the width of area N can also be equal to the width of area P. For example, the ratio of the width of area N to the width of area P can be 1:1; the width of area N can also be less than the width of area P. For example, the ratio of the width of area N to the width of area P can be 4:6.

[0104] Example 7

[0105] Based on Example 1, G regions are set on both sides of the N region.

[0106] The purpose of the G area is to create a gap between the P and N areas. Within the same PNG cell, the G area is placed between the P and N areas. In adjacent PNG cells, the N area of ​​the previous cell is adjacent to the P area of ​​the next cell. Placing G areas on both sides adjacent to the N area ensures that any adjacent P and N areas are separated by the G area.

[0107] Example 8

[0108] Based on Example 1, metal grid lines are set in the P and N regions of each PNG unit, and the distance between the metal grid lines and the adjacent G region is greater than 0.

[0109] Metal grid wires are installed in the P and N regions. The metal grid wires are conductors used to carry current and conduct current through contact with the P or N region.

[0110] In specific implementations, the design details of this solar cell structure are extremely important. For the P-region and N-region in each PNG cell, the arrangement of metal grid lines not only improves the conductivity of the junction but also effectively collects and conducts photogenerated charges. The material of the metal grid lines can be selected from metals with excellent conductivity and strong oxidation resistance, such as silver, aluminum, and copper, to ensure long-term stable electrical performance and resistance to environmental corrosion.

[0111] Furthermore, the metal grid lines are positioned at the midpoint between the P and N regions, maintaining a certain distance between them. This is not only to ensure the independence of electrical performance but also to prevent electrical faults such as short circuits. It's important to understand that this layout design can be achieved through precise photolithography and deposition techniques, ensuring that the position and spacing of each metal grid line meet design requirements. These processes can be implemented using a high-precision PLC control device to ensure the manufacturing accuracy of each PNG unit.

[0112] Furthermore, in practical applications, the metal grid lines corresponding to the P-region and N-region must not only possess good conductivity but also a certain level of mechanical strength and flexibility to adapt to various operations during the production and installation of solar cells. Understandably, selecting appropriate metal materials and structural design is crucial, and these are necessary conditions for improving the overall performance and reliability of the battery.

[0113] In practice, keeping the distance between the metal grid lines in the P region and the adjacent G region greater than 0 can not only effectively avoid the recombination loss of photogenerated carriers in the battery structure and increase the current collection efficiency, but also reduce internal stress concentration, thereby improving the mechanical stability of the battery.

[0114] Through the detailed design of this embodiment, the photoelectric conversion efficiency, long-term reliability, and environmental adaptability of solar cells can be optimized. This structural design not only improves the operational stability and current collection efficiency of solar cells, but also provides reliable technical references and design theories for the future development of higher-efficiency solar cells.

[0115] In one embodiment, the distance between the metal gate line and the adjacent G region is greater than or equal to 25 μm. 25 μm is a safe distance to prevent the metal line from being placed within the G region, thus preventing current conduction.

[0116] Example 9

[0117] Based on Embodiment 8, the width of the metal gate line in region P of the first unit 101 and the width of the metal gate line in region P of the second unit 102 are in a ratio of 0.05:20; the width of the metal gate line in region N of the first unit 101 and the width of the metal gate line in region N of the second unit 102 are in a ratio of 0.05:20.

[0118] In this embodiment, the proportional relationship between the widths of the metal grid lines in the solar cell across different cells is further described. Specifically, the ratio of the width of the P-region metal grid lines in the first cell 101 to that in the second cell 102 is 0.05:20; similarly, the ratio of the width of the N-region metal grid lines in the first cell 101 to that in the second cell 102 is also 0.05:20. This design detail can be understood as optimizing the overall performance of the solar cell by varying the widths of the metal grid lines in different cells.

[0119] The advantage is that by designing metal grid lines of different widths between the first unit 101 and the second unit 102, the current collection path can be optimized, thereby improving the collection efficiency of charge carriers.

[0120] Narrower metal grid lines, with higher density in specific areas, improve current collection capabilities in small areas. A configuration of metal grid lines of varying widths can help reduce overall circuit resistance, thereby reducing power loss and increasing output power. Different widths of metal grid lines can help disperse heat generated in the battery, preventing overheating areas and thus improving stability and lifespan. High-precision photolithography and metal deposition techniques are used to precisely control and manufacture metal grid lines of varying widths to meet specific ratio requirements. Metal materials with high conductivity, corrosion resistance, and suitable mechanical properties (such as silver, aluminum, or copper) are selected for fabricating the metal grid lines.

[0121] Specifically, the width of the metal gate lines in the P and N regions of the first unit 101 may be set according to a minimum width, such as 10 μm. Compared with the first unit 101, the width of the metal gate lines in the P and N regions of the second unit 102 is 20 times that of the first unit 101, that is, 200 μm.

[0122] Through the above design, the overall performance of the solar cell can be more balanced, efficient, and stable. This design helps to adapt to the electrical performance requirements under different light intensities and installation conditions. This will create significant width differences between different cells, thus affecting current collection efficiency and resistance characteristics.

[0123] In summary, this solar cell, designed by controlling the ratio of the width of the metal grid lines in the first and second units 102, can significantly improve the overall photoelectric conversion efficiency and optimize thermal management and current collection paths, providing a strong technological advantage for commercial applications.

[0124] In the following Examples 10 to 18, the solar cell includes at least a PN cell among its multiple cell units. Specifically, at least one side of the solar cell includes multiple repeating regions, each repeating region including at least two cell units, and each cell unit including an N-region and a P-region. The at least two cell units are defined as a first cell and a second cell, respectively, and at least one of the widths of the P-region and the N-region differs between the first cell and the second cell. By adjusting the width difference of at least one of the N-region and the P-region, the light absorption range and photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell can be improved, and the utilization of light energy resources can be maximized. This significantly increases the probability of photocurrent collection without affecting production capacity, thereby improving the efficiency change ratio from cell to module and the yield of both the cell and the module.

[0125] Example 10

[0126] As shown in Figures 6 to 11, this embodiment provides a solar cell, wherein at least one side of the solar cell includes a plurality of repeating regions 100, and each repeating region 100 includes at least two battery cells. Each battery cell includes at least an N-region and a P-region. The at least two battery cells are a first cell 101 and a second cell 102, respectively. The width of the P-region of the first cell 101 and the second cell 102 is different, or the width of the N-region of the first cell 101 and the second cell 102 is different, or both the width of the P-region and the width of the N-region of the first cell 101 and the second cell 102 are different.

[0127] Multiple repeating regions 100 are arranged on one or both sides of a solar panel. Each repeating region 100 includes two or more battery cells. The battery cells contained in each repeating region 100 are the same as those contained in other repeating regions 100. Multiple identical repeating regions 100 are arranged repeatedly. It is understood that the repeating regions 100 do not need to cover the entire solar cell, and the solar cell may have parts that are not composed of the repeating regions 100.

[0128] Each battery cell includes an N-region and a P-region. The N-region, short for N-type semiconductor region, can be an N-type doped region formed by phosphorus diffusion doping, an N-type silicon substrate, or an N+ region formed by ion implantation or other methods. The P-region, short for P-type semiconductor, can be a P-type doped region formed by boron diffusion doping, a P-type silicon substrate, a P+ aluminum back field formed by aluminum paste sintering, or a P+ region formed by ion implantation or other methods. A battery cell can be a PN cell with the N and P regions adjacent to each other, or a PNG cell. A GAP region, also known as a photogenerated charge separation layer, is placed between the N and P regions. This GAP region can be an undoped silicon-based region, a lightly doped region, or other poorly conductive structures located between the P and N regions. It is used to achieve spatial separation of the PN junction and effectively solve the leakage problem at the P-N contact area.

[0129] Taking two battery cells within a single repeating region 100 as an example, as shown in Figure 6, a repeating region 100 can contain two PN cells, as shown in Figure 7, or it can contain one PN cell and one PNG cell.

[0130] Any two battery units are designated as first unit 101 and second unit 102, and first unit 101 and second unit 102 are arranged adjacent to each other. Specifically, the widths of the P-area in the first unit 101 and the second unit 102 can be different, but the widths of the N-area can be the same, as shown in Figure 8; or the widths of the N-area in the first unit 101 and the second unit 102 can be different, but the widths of the P-area can be the same, as shown in Figure 9; or the widths of both the P-area and N-area in the first unit 101 and the second unit 102 can be different, but the widths of the P-area and N-area in the first unit 101 can be the same, while the widths of the P-area and N-area in the second unit 102 can be different, as shown in Figure 10; or the widths of both the P-area and N-area in the first unit 101 and the second unit 102 can be different, but the widths of the P-area and N-area in the second unit 102 can be the same, while the widths of the P-area and N-area in the first unit 101 can be different, as shown in Figure 11; or the widths of both the P-area and N-area in the first unit 101 and the second unit 102 can be different, and the widths of the P-area and N-area in the first unit 101 can be the same, while the widths of the P-area and N-area in the second unit 102 can be the same, as shown in Figure 6. The above examples do not list all possibilities, and it is possible that the widths of the P and N regions of the first unit 101 and the second unit 102 are different.

[0131] Specifically, the N-region and P-region in the battery cell can be laid flat on the same plane, or the N-region and P-region can be partially overlapped.

[0132] In this embodiment, this solar cell can be implemented using different materials and processes. By precisely controlling the widths of the N-region and P-region, the charge separation efficiency and power output performance of the solar cell under different illumination conditions can be adjusted. For example, the charge transport and current collection effect can be optimized by controlling the width of the P-region to improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the cell. Furthermore, by adjusting the width difference between the N-region and P-region, the light absorption range and photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell can be improved, maximizing the utilization of solar energy resources. This significantly increases the probability of photocurrent collection without affecting production capacity; and improves the efficiency variation ratio from cell to module and the yield of both cells and modules.

[0133] During manufacturing, advanced technologies such as photolithography and chemical deposition can be used to precisely define and control the structural dimensions of the N-region and P-region. Simultaneously, material selection is crucial; high-efficiency photovoltaic materials, such as silicon, cadmium selenide, or gallium arsenide, can be employed to achieve higher photoelectric conversion efficiency.

[0134] It's important to understand that this design can optimize the performance of solar cells, improving their stability and flexibility under varying lighting conditions. By adjusting the widths of the N-region and P-region, fine-tuning of the cell characteristics can be achieved to meet the requirements of different application scenarios. In the photovoltaic field, this design can provide new ideas and possibilities for the research and development of solar cells, contributing to the advancement and application of solar photovoltaic technology.

[0135] Example 11

[0136] Based on Embodiment 10, each repeating region 100 includes a first unit 101 and at least three second units 102.

[0137] In the simulation experiment of photovoltaic cells, it was found that the theoretical efficiency of the cell with a width of 1.2mm is 26.914%, and the theoretical efficiency of the cell with a width of 0.8mm is 27.132%. By combining three 0.8mm and one 1.2mm cells, the efficiency is 27.088%, with an efficiency reduction of less than 0.05%. The efficiency loss is small, but it can significantly improve the yield of the cell.

[0138] The actual efficiency of a battery cell can be estimated using the following formula:

[0139] Assuming two battery cells are pitch1 and pitch2, the theoretical photoelectric conversion efficiency of the battery cell with pitch1 width w1 is: Eta1;

[0140] The theoretical photoelectric conversion efficiency of a battery cell with a pitch width of w2 is: Eta2;

[0141] If the repeating region 100 contains n1 pitch1s and n2 pitch2s, its efficiency can be estimated as its arithmetic average Eta = (n1 × w1 × Eta1 + n2 × w2 × Eta1) / (n1 × w1 + n2 × w2). Based on the calculated efficiency and yield values, a suitable production process can be deduced. If the expected efficiency is Eta1, then a structure with (Eta - Eta1) < 0.05% should be selected for design.

[0142] According to experimental data, when the ratio of the number of first unit 101 and second unit 102 within the repeating region 100 is greater than 1:3, the impact on efficiency is relatively small, but the improvement in cell yield is significant. Specifically, the ratio can be calculated using the formula described above based on actual needs.

[0143] Example 12

[0144] Based on Embodiment 10, the total width of the first unit 101 is 1 to 3 times the total width of the second unit 102.

[0145] In the simulation experiment of photovoltaic cells, it was found that the theoretical efficiency of a cell with a width of 0.4mm is 27.23%. If a combination of a cell with a width of 0.4mm and a cell with a width of 1.3mm is used, the efficiency is 27.01%, which is a decrease of 0.22%. The efficiency loss is too large and cannot meet the requirements of improving the efficiency of the cell design.

[0146] Specifically, the total width of the first unit 101 can be greater than the total width of the second unit 102. Laboratory verification shows that when the total width of the first unit 101 is no more than three times the total width of the second unit 102, the impact on the cell efficiency is small.

[0147] The total width of the first unit 101 can be the same as the total width of the second unit 102. Specifically, the width of the N area of ​​the first unit 101 is the same as the width of the P area of ​​the second unit 102, and the width of the N area of ​​the second unit 102 is the same as the width of the P area of ​​the first unit 101. The actual width can be set according to specific usage requirements.

[0148] Example 13

[0149] Based on Embodiment Twelve, the width of the P region in the first unit 101 is 0.3 to 3 times the width of the P region in the second unit 102; the width of the N region in the first unit 101 is 0.3 to 3 times the width of the N region in the second unit 102.

[0150] The width of region P in the first unit 101 can be smaller than the width of region P in the second unit 102. For example, the width of region P in the first unit 101 can be 0.3 times the width of region P in the second unit 102. Alternatively, the width of region P in the first unit 101 can be larger than the width of region P in the second unit 102. For example, the width of region P in the first unit 101 can be 3 times the width of region P in the second unit 102. According to laboratory data, when the width of region P in the first unit 101 is between 0.3 and 3 times the width of region P in the second unit 102, the impact on battery efficiency is relatively small, and the battery appearance is also more aesthetically pleasing.

[0151] The width of the N-region in the first unit 101 can be smaller than the width of the N-region in the second unit 102. For example, the width of the N-region in the first unit 101 can be 0.3 times the width of the N-region in the second unit 102. Alternatively, the width of the N-region in the first unit 101 can be larger than the width of the N-region in the second unit 102. For example, the width of the N-region in the first unit 101 can be 3 times the width of the N-region in the second unit 102. According to laboratory data, when the width of the N-region in the first unit 101 is between 0.3 and 3 times the width of the N-region in the second unit 102, the impact on battery efficiency is relatively small, and the battery appearance is also more aesthetically pleasing.

[0152] The ratio of the width of area P in unit 101 to the width of area P in unit 102, and the ratio of the width of area N in unit 101 to the width of area N in unit 102, can be set according to actual usage requirements.

[0153] Example 14

[0154] Based on Example 10, the width ratio of the N region to the P region in each battery cell is 2:8 to 8:2.

[0155] In photovoltaic cell simulation experiments, it was found that for a 1.2mm wide cell, the efficiency was 26.95% when the width ratio of the P-region to the N-region was 1:1; when the width ratio of the P-region to the N-region was 1:5, the efficiency was 26.63%, a decrease of 0.32%, which is too large to meet the requirements for improving cell efficiency; and when the width ratio of the P-region to the N-region was 5:1, the efficiency was 26.71%, a decrease of 0.24%, which is also too large to meet the requirements for improving cell efficiency.

[0156] According to laboratory data, when the width ratio of the N-region to the P-region in each battery cell is 2:8 to 8:2, the impact on battery efficiency is relatively small, and the battery appearance is also more aesthetically pleasing.

[0157] Specifically, in a battery cell, the width of the N region can be greater than the width of the P region, for example, the ratio of the width of the N region to the width of the P region can be 6:4; the width of the N region can also be equal to the width of the P region, for example, the ratio of the width of the N region to the width of the P region can be 1:1; the width of the N region can also be less than the width of the P region, for example, the ratio of the width of the N region to the width of the P region can be 4:6.

[0158] Example 15

[0159] Based on Embodiment 10, the repeating region 100 further includes at least two PNG units, each including an N region, a P region, and a G region. For ease of description, any two PNG units in the repeating region 100 are referred to as the third unit 103 and the fourth unit 104, respectively. The third unit 103 and the fourth unit 104 satisfy at least one of the following: the width of the P region is different; the width of the N region is different; and the width of the G region is different.

[0160] The repeating region 100 includes at least two battery cells and at least one PNG cell. The PNG cell includes an N region, a P region, and a G region. The G region, or GAP region, is located between the P region and the N region. It is used to achieve spatial separation of the PN junction and effectively solve the problem of leakage in the P and N contact areas.

[0161] Any two PNG units are the third unit 103 and the fourth unit 104, respectively, and the third unit 103 and the fourth unit 104 are set adjacent to each other. Specifically, the widths of the P-area in the third unit 103 and the fourth unit 104 can be different, but the widths of the N-area can be the same, as shown in Figure 12; or the widths of the N-area in the third unit 103 and the fourth unit 104 can be different, but the widths of the P-area can be the same, as shown in Figure 13; or the widths of both the P-area and N-area in the third unit 103 and the fourth unit 104 can be different, but the widths of the P-area and N-area within the third unit 103 can be the same, while the widths of the P-area and N-area within the fourth unit 104 can be different, as shown in Figure 14; or the widths of both the P-area and N-area in the third unit 103 and the fourth unit 104 can be different, but the widths of the P-area and N-area within the fourth unit 104 can be the same, while the widths of the P-area and N-area within the third unit 103 can be different, as shown in Figure 15; or the widths of both the P-area and N-area in the third unit 103 and the fourth unit 104 can be different, and the widths of the P-area and N-area within the third unit 103 can be the same, while the widths of the P-area and N-area within the fourth unit 104 can be the same, as shown in Figure 16. The examples above include two cases where the widths of the P regions of the third unit 103 and the fourth unit 104 are the same or different.

[0162] Example 16

[0163] As shown in Figures 12 to 16, based on Embodiment 15, the widths of the P region of the third unit 103 and the fourth unit 104 are different and / or the widths of the N region are different, while the widths of the G region of the third unit 103 and the fourth unit 104 are the same.

[0164] The width of the G-region is an important parameter in solar cells. A narrower G-region can promote the rapid separation of photogenerated charges and prevent charge recombination. Therefore, a smaller G-region width helps to improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the cell. However, it will increase the resistance and affect the current collection effect.

[0165] The G-region widths of the third unit 103 and the fourth unit 104 are the same. Maintaining equal widths for all G-regions ensures the uniformity and consistency of the battery structure, which helps control and optimize battery performance during production and reduces non-uniformity effects in different areas. G-regions of the same width simplify the manufacturing process, eliminating the need for additional process steps to adjust the dimensions of different areas. This facilitates the arrangement of battery cells, improving production efficiency and reducing production costs.

[0166] In one embodiment, the total width of the third unit 103 is 1 to 3 times the total width of the fourth unit 104. Laboratory verification shows that when the total width of the third unit 103 is no more than three times the total width of the fourth unit 104, the impact on cell efficiency is minimal. The specific width can be set according to actual usage requirements.

[0167] In one embodiment, the width of the P-region in the third unit 103 is 0.3 to 3 times the width of the P-region in the fourth unit 104; the width of the N-region in the third unit 103 is 0.3 to 3 times the width of the N-region in the fourth unit 104. According to laboratory data, when the third unit 103 and the fourth unit 104 meet the aforementioned conditions, the impact on battery efficiency is minimal, and the battery appearance is also more aesthetically pleasing. The ratio of the width of the P-region in the third unit 103 to the width of the P-region in the fourth unit 104, and the ratio of the width of the N-region in the third unit 103 to the width of the N-region in the fourth unit 104, can be set according to actual usage requirements.

[0168] In one embodiment, the width ratio of the N-region to the P-region in each PNG cell is between 2:8 and 8:2. Specifically, in a PNG cell, the width of the N-region can be greater than the width of the P-region, equal to the width of the P-region, or less than the width of the P-region. According to laboratory data, a width ratio of 2:8 to 8:2 for the N-region to P-region in each PNG cell has a smaller impact on battery efficiency and results in a more aesthetically pleasing battery appearance.

[0169] Example 17

[0170] Based on Example 6, metal grid lines are provided in the P region and N region of each battery cell, and the distance between the metal grid lines and the adjacent N region or P region is greater than 0.

[0171] Metal grid wires are installed in the P and N regions. The metal grid wires are conductors used to carry current and conduct current through contact with the P or N region.

[0172] In specific implementations, the design details of this solar cell structure are extremely important. For the P-region and N-region in each cell, the arrangement of metal grid lines not only improves the conductivity of the cell but also effectively collects and conducts photogenerated charges. The material for the metal grid lines can be selected from metals with excellent conductivity and strong oxidation resistance, such as silver, aluminum, and copper, to ensure long-term stable electrical performance and resistance to environmental corrosion.

[0173] Furthermore, the metal grid lines are positioned between the P and N regions, maintaining a certain distance. This is not only to ensure the independence of electrical performance but also to prevent electrical faults such as short circuits. It's important to understand that this layout design can be achieved through precise photolithography and deposition techniques, ensuring that the position and spacing of each metal grid line meet design requirements. These processes can be implemented using high-precision PLC control devices to ensure the manufacturing accuracy of each battery cell.

[0174] Furthermore, in practical applications, the metal grid lines corresponding to the P-region and N-region must not only possess good conductivity but also a certain level of mechanical strength and flexibility to adapt to various operations during the production and installation of solar cells. Understandably, selecting appropriate metal materials and structural design is crucial, and these are necessary conditions for improving the overall performance and reliability of the battery.

[0175] In practice, keeping the distance between the metal grid lines in the P region and the adjacent N region, as well as the distance between the metal grid lines in the N region and the adjacent P region, is greater than 0. This can not only effectively avoid the recombination loss of photogenerated carriers in the battery structure and increase the current collection efficiency, but also reduce internal stress concentration, thereby improving the mechanical stability of the battery.

[0176] Through the detailed design of this embodiment, the photoelectric conversion efficiency, long-term reliability, and environmental adaptability of solar cells can be optimized. This structural design not only improves the operational stability and current collection efficiency of solar cells, but also provides reliable technical references and design theories for the future development of higher-efficiency solar cells.

[0177] In some embodiments, when the battery cell is a PN cell, the P-region and N-region are arranged adjacent to each other, and the distance between the metal grid line and the adjacent N-region or P-region is greater than or equal to 10 μm. 10 μm is a safe distance to avoid accidental contact of the metal grid line.

[0178] In other embodiments, when the battery cell is a PNG cell, a G region is provided between the P region and the N region, and adjacent P and N regions are all G regions. The distance between the metal grid line and the adjacent G region is greater than 0. Preferably, the distance between the metal grid line and the adjacent G region is greater than or equal to 25 μm. 25 μm is a safe distance to prevent the metal wire from being placed in the G region, which would prevent current from being conducted.

[0179] Example 18

[0180] Based on Embodiment 8, the width of the metal gate line in region P of the first unit 101 and the width of the metal gate line in region P of the second unit 102 are in a ratio of 0.05:20; the width of the metal gate line in region N of the first unit 101 and the width of the metal gate line in region N of the second unit 102 are in a ratio of 0.05:20.

[0181] In this embodiment, the proportional relationship between the widths of the metal grid lines in the solar cell across different cells is further described. Specifically, the ratio of the width of the P-region metal grid lines in the first cell 101 to that in the second cell 102 is 0.05:20; similarly, the ratio of the width of the N-region metal grid lines in the first cell 101 to that in the second cell 102 is also 0.05:20. This design detail can be understood as optimizing the overall performance of the solar cell by varying the widths of the metal grid lines in different cells.

[0182] The advantage is that by designing metal grid lines of different widths between the first unit 101 and the second unit 102, the current collection path can be optimized, thereby improving the collection efficiency of charge carriers.

[0183] Narrower metal grid lines have a higher density in specific areas, improving the current collection capability in small areas.

[0184] Using metal grid lines of varying widths can help reduce overall circuit resistance, thereby reducing power loss and increasing output power. Different widths of metal grid lines can also help disperse heat generated in the battery, preventing overheating areas and thus improving stability and lifespan. High-precision photolithography and metal deposition techniques are used to precisely control and manufacture metal grid lines of varying widths to meet specific ratio requirements. Metal materials with high conductivity, corrosion resistance, and suitable mechanical properties (such as silver, aluminum, or copper) are selected for fabricating the metal grid lines.

[0185] Specifically, the width of the metal gate lines in the P and N regions of the first unit 101 may be set according to a minimum width, such as 10 μm. Compared with the first unit 101, the width of the metal gate lines in the P and N regions of the second unit 102 is 20 times that of the first unit 101, that is, 200 μm.

[0186] Through the above design, the overall performance of the solar cell can be more balanced, efficient, and stable. This design helps to adapt to the electrical performance requirements under different light intensities and installation conditions. This will create significant width differences between different cells, thus affecting current collection efficiency and resistance characteristics.

[0187] In summary, this solar cell, designed by controlling the ratio of the width of the metal grid lines in the first and second units 102, can significantly improve the overall photoelectric conversion efficiency and optimize thermal management and current collection paths, providing a strong technological advantage for commercial applications.

[0188] In some further embodiments of this disclosure, at least one side of the solar cell includes multiple repeating regions, each repeating region including at least two cell cells, and each cell cell being divided by metal grid lines. The at least two cell cells are respectively defined as a first cell and a second cell, and the width of the first cell and the second cell, or the width of the metal grid lines, differs. By adjusting the width difference between the first cell and the second cell, the light absorption range and photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell can be improved, and the utilization of light energy resources can be maximized, significantly increasing the probability of photocurrent collection without affecting production capacity; thus improving the efficiency change ratio from cell to module and the yield of both the cell and the module.

[0189] Example 19

[0190] As shown in Figures 17 and 18, this embodiment provides a solar cell. At least one side of the solar cell is provided with a full-surface doped region. The doped region is P-doped or N-doped. Multiple metal grid lines 105 are provided on the doped region. The multiple metal grid lines 105 divide the doped region into multiple repeating regions 100. The repeating regions 100 include multiple cell cells. The area defined by one metal grid line 105 and its adjacent metal grid lines 105 is a cell cell. Any two cell cells are a first cell 101 and a second cell 102. The widths of the first cell 101 and the second cell 102 are different, and / or the widths of the metal grid lines 105 in the first cell 101 and the second cell 102 are different.

[0191] A solar cell has a doped region on at least one side, which can be treated with either P-doping or N-doping. Typically, one side of the solar cell is P-doped while the other side is N-doped to form a PN junction, and vice versa. However, other possible configurations are not excluded.

[0192] In this embodiment, multiple metal grid lines 105 are arranged on the doped region described above. These metal grid lines 105 divide the doped region into multiple repeating regions 100, and each repeating region 100 is composed of multiple battery cells. These metal grid lines 105 divide the doped region into multiple battery cells, wherein any two battery cells are identified as the first cell 101 and the second cell 102, and the widths of the two cells may differ, as may the widths of the metal grid lines 105.

[0193] In practical applications, highly conductive metal materials (such as silver, aluminum, or copper) can be selected to fabricate the metal gate lines 105, and these metal gate lines 105 can be precisely arranged on the doped regions. Through photolithography and metal deposition techniques, the width and position of the metal gate lines 105 can be precisely controlled, achieving fine division of the doped regions.

[0194] In this embodiment, P-doping or N-doping in the doped region can be selected according to the specific design requirements of the battery to achieve different electronic structures and charge transport characteristics. The widths of the first unit 101 and the second unit 102 are different. The narrower unit can significantly increase the photocurrent collection efficiency without affecting the production capacity; the wider unit can improve the efficiency change ratio from battery to module, and improve welding leakage, thereby improving the yield of battery cells and modules.

[0195] The arrangement and segmentation of the metal grid lines 105 enable the cell cells to more effectively collect and conduct photogenerated charge, thereby improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the cell. By adjusting the width difference between the first cell 101 and the second cell 102, as well as the difference in the width of the metal grid lines 105, the current collection efficiency and resistance characteristics can be further optimized, improving the overall performance of the solar cell system, achieving performance optimization of the solar cell, and enhancing its photoelectric conversion efficiency and system stability. This design not only enhances the application potential of solar cells in the power field but also provides valuable experience and reference for future photovoltaic technology research and development.

[0196] It is important to understand that in the actual production process, the manufacturing precision of the metal grid lines 105 must be strictly controlled to ensure that the size and layout of each battery cell meet the design requirements. Advanced processes and equipment, such as PLC control systems and high-resolution lithography equipment, can effectively enable the manufacturing and debugging of this complex structure.

[0197] Example 20

[0198] Based on Embodiment Nineteen, each repeating region 100 includes a first unit 101 and at least three second units 102.

[0199] In the simulation experiment of photovoltaic cells, it was found that the theoretical efficiency of the cell with a width of 1.2mm is 26.914%, and the theoretical efficiency of the cell with a width of 0.8mm is 27.132%. By combining three 0.8mm and one 1.2mm cells, the efficiency is 27.088%, with an efficiency reduction of less than 0.05%. The efficiency loss is small, but it can significantly improve the yield of the cell.

[0200] The actual efficiency of a battery cell can be estimated using the following formula:

[0201] Assuming two battery cells are pitch1 and pitch2, the theoretical photoelectric conversion efficiency of the battery cell with pitch1 width w1 is: Eta1;

[0202] The theoretical photoelectric conversion efficiency of a battery cell with a pitch width of w2 is: Eta2;

[0203] If the minimum repeating region 100 contains n1 pitch1s and n2 pitch2s, its efficiency can be estimated as its arithmetic average Eta = (n1×w1×Eta1 + n2×w2×Eta1) / (n1×w1 + n2×w2). Based on the calculated efficiency value and yield value, a suitable production process can be deduced. If the expected efficiency value is Eta1, then a structure with (Eta-Eta1) < 0.05% is selected for design.

[0204] According to experimental data, when the ratio of the number of first unit 101 and second unit 102 within the repeating region 100 is greater than 1:3, the impact on efficiency is relatively small, but the improvement in cell yield is significant. Specifically, the ratio can be calculated using the formula described above based on actual needs.

[0205] Example 21

[0206] Based on Embodiment Nineteen, the total width of the first unit 101 is 1 to 3 times the total width of the second unit 102.

[0207] In the simulation experiment of photovoltaic cells, it was found that the theoretical efficiency of a cell with a width of 0.4mm is 27.23%. If a combination of a cell with a width of 0.4mm and a cell with a width of 1.3mm is used, the efficiency is 27.01%, which is a decrease of 0.22%. The efficiency loss is too large and cannot meet the requirements of improving the efficiency of the cell design.

[0208] Laboratory verification shows that when the total width of the first unit 101 is 1 to 3 times the total width of the second unit 102, the impact on battery efficiency is relatively small.

[0209] Example 22

[0210] Based on Embodiment Nineteen, the width of the metal grid line 105 in the first unit 101 is 0.05 to 20 times the width of the metal grid line 105 in the second unit 102.

[0211] In this embodiment, the proportional relationship of the width of the metal grid lines 105 in the solar cell between different cells is further described. This design detail can be understood as optimizing the overall performance of the solar cell by varying the width of the metal grid lines 105 in different cells.

[0212] The advantage is that by designing metal grid lines 105 of different widths between the first unit 101 and the second unit 102, the current collection path can be optimized and the collection efficiency of charge carriers can be improved.

[0213] Narrower metal grid lines 105 have a higher density in specific areas, improving current collection capabilities in small areas. Using metal grid lines 105 of varying widths helps reduce overall circuit resistance, thereby reducing power loss and increasing output power. Metal grid lines 105 of different widths help disperse heat generated in the battery, preventing overheating areas and thus improving stability and lifespan. High-precision photolithography and metal deposition techniques are used to precisely control and manufacture metal grid lines 105 of different widths to meet specific ratio requirements. Highly conductive, corrosion-resistant metals with suitable mechanical properties (such as silver, aluminum, or copper) can be selected to fabricate the metal grid lines 105.

[0214] Specifically, the metal grid lines 105 of the first unit 101 may be set according to a minimum width, such as 10 μm. Compared with the first unit 101, the width of the metal grid lines 105 of the second unit 102 is 20 times that of the first unit 101, that is, 200 μm.

[0215] Through the above design, the overall performance of the solar cell can be more balanced, efficient, and stable. This design helps to adapt to the electrical performance requirements under different light intensities and installation conditions. This will create significant width differences between different cells, thus affecting current collection efficiency and resistance characteristics.

[0216] In summary, this solar cell, designed by controlling the width ratio of the metal grid lines 105 in the first and second units 102, can significantly improve the overall photoelectric conversion efficiency and optimize thermal management and current collection paths, providing a strong technological advantage for commercial applications.

[0217] Example 23

[0218] Based on Embodiment Nineteen, the metal gate line 105 can be a sub-gate and / or a main gate.

[0219] Metal grid lines 105 play a role in charge collection and current transmission in solar cells. Sub-grids and main grids are two different types of metal grid lines 105.

[0220] Specifically, the metal grid line 105 can be the main grid, and when the metal grid line 105 is used as the main grid, its width is 5 to 300 mm.

[0221] The metal grid line 105 can also be a sub-grid, and when the metal grid line 105 is used as a sub-grid, its width is 0.2 to 4 mm.

[0222] Example 24

[0223] Based on Embodiment Nineteen, the width of the first unit 101 is greater than the width of the second unit 102, and the first unit 101 is applied to both sides of the connection point.

[0224] In solar cells, connection points, also known as pads, are solder pads on the cell used for electrical connections and current conduction. Through these connection points, solar cells can effectively collect photogenerated charges and conduct them to the external circuitry of the cell module, maximizing photoelectric conversion efficiency.

[0225] In this embodiment, the width of the first unit 101 is greater than the width of the second unit 102 on both sides. The wider width makes it easier for the first unit 101 to make a more stable and reliable connection with the connection point.

[0226] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of this disclosure and is not intended to limit this disclosure. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of this disclosure should be included within the scope of protection of this disclosure.

Claims

1. A solar cell, wherein, At least one side of the solar cell includes a plurality of repeating regions, each repeating region including at least two cell cells. Each cell cell is a PN cell, comprising an N-region and a P-region; or, each cell cell is a PNG cell, comprising an N-region, a P-region, and a G-region. At least two cell cells having identical components are respectively a first cell and a second cell, wherein the first cell and the second cell satisfy at least one of the following: The widths of the P regions are different; The widths of the N regions are different; The width of the G area is different.

2. The solar cell as claimed in claim 1, wherein, The first unit and the second unit are the PN unit, and the first unit and the second unit satisfy at least one of the following: The widths of the P regions are different; The widths of the N regions are different.

3. The solar cell as described in claim 2, wherein, The at least two battery cells further include a third cell and a fourth cell, wherein the third cell and the fourth cell are PNG cells, the third cell and the fourth cell have the same G-region width, and the third cell and the fourth cell satisfy at least one of the following: The widths of the P regions are different; The widths of the N regions are different.

4. The solar cell as claimed in claim 1, wherein, Each of the repeating regions includes one first unit and at least three second units.

5. The solar cell as claimed in claim 1, wherein, The total width of the first unit is 1 to 3 times the total width of the second unit.

6. The solar cell of claim 1, wherein, The width of the P region in the first unit is 0.3 to 3 times the width of the P region in the second unit; the width of the N region in the first unit is 0.3 to 3 times the width of the N region in the second unit.

7. The solar cell of claim 1, wherein, The width ratio of the N region to the P region in each of the battery cells is 2:8 to 8:

2.

8. The solar cell of claim 1, wherein, The battery unit is the PNG unit, and G regions are respectively set on both sides of the N region.

9. The solar cell of claim 1, wherein, The battery cell is the PNG cell, and each battery cell has metal grid lines in the P region and the N region respectively, and the distance between the metal grid lines and the adjacent G region is greater than 0.

10. The solar cell of claim 9, wherein, The ratio of the width of the metal gate line in region P of the first unit to the width of the metal gate line in region P of the second unit is 0.05:20; the ratio of the width of the metal gate line in region N of the first unit to the width of the metal gate line in region N of the second unit is 0.05:

20.

11. The solar cell of claim 9, wherein, The distance between the metal grid line and the adjacent G region is greater than or equal to 25 μm.

12. The solar cell of claim 2, wherein, Each of the battery cells has metal grid lines provided in the P region and the N region respectively, and the distance between the metal grid lines and the adjacent N region or P region is greater than 0.

13. The solar cell of claim 12, wherein, The ratio of the width of the metal gate line in region P of the first unit to the width of the metal gate line in region P of the second unit is 0.05:20; the ratio of the width of the metal gate line in region N of the first unit to the width of the metal gate line in region N of the second unit is 0.05:

20.

14. The solar cell of claim 12, wherein, The distance between the metal grid line and the adjacent N region or P region is greater than or equal to 10 μm.

15. A solar cell, wherein, At least one side of the solar cell is provided with a full-surface doped region, the doped region being P-doped or N-doped, and multiple metal grid lines are provided on the doped region, the multiple metal grid lines dividing the doped region into multiple repeating regions, each repeating region including multiple cell cells, the area defined by one metal grid line and its adjacent metal grid lines constituting one cell cell, wherein at least two of the cell cells are respectively a first cell cell and a second cell cell, the first cell cell and the second cell cell satisfying at least one of the following: The widths of the first unit and the second unit are different; The widths of the metal grid lines in the first unit and the second unit are different.

16. The solar cell of claim 15, wherein, Each of the repeating regions includes one first unit and at least three second units.

17. The solar cell of claim 15, wherein, The width of the first unit is 1 to 3 times the total width of the second unit.

18. The solar cell of claim 15, wherein, The width of the metal grid line in the first unit is 0.05 to 20 times the width of the metal grid line in the second unit.

19. The solar cell of claim 15, wherein, The metal grid line is at least one of the sub-grid and the main grid.

20. The solar cell of claim 15, wherein, The width of the first unit is greater than the width of the second unit, and the first unit is applied to both sides of the connection point.

21. The solar cell of claim 19, wherein, When the metal grid line is a sub-grid, the width of the metal grid line is 0.2 mm to 4 mm.

22. The solar cell of claim 19, wherein, When the metal grid line is the main grid, the width of the metal grid line is 5mm to 300mm.

Images