Optical lens, emission module, detection apparatus, and terminal device

Abstract

An optical lens, an emission module, a detection apparatus, and a terminal device, relating to the technical field of optics, and used for reducing squeeze deformation of a lens by a lens barrel under high temperature working conditions. The optical lens comprises: a lens barrel, a lens, and a spacer assembly. An edge of the lens is in partial contact with an inner wall surface of the lens barrel. The spacer assembly comprises a first spacer and a second spacer, the first spacer and the second spacer being in contact with two surfaces in an axial direction of the lens, respectively. In a radial direction of the lens, a contact position of the first spacer is a first distance from a center of gravity of the lens, a contact position of the second spacer is a second distance from the center of gravity of the lens, and the first distance and the second distance are different. On the basis of the present structure, two forces applied to the lens by the two spacers are combined to generate a particular torque on the lens, and the torque can be used to reduce or offset a torque generated on the lens by a squeeze force of the lens barrel on the lens under high temperature working conditions, so that deformation of the lens caused by the squeeze force of the lens barrel on the lens can be reduced or eliminated.

Description

An optical lens, a transmitting module, a detection device, and a terminal equipment.

[0001] Cross-reference to related applications

[0002] This application claims priority to Chinese Patent Application No. 202410816116.6, filed on June 21, 2024, entitled "An Optical Lens, Transmitting Module, Detection Device and Terminal Equipment", the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. Technical Field

[0003] This application relates to the field of optical technology, and in particular to an optical lens, a transmitting module, a detection device, and a terminal device. Background Technology

[0004] With the continuous advancement of optical technology, plastic materials have gradually replaced traditional glass materials as the main raw material for making lenses. Plastic lenses have advantages such as light weight, low cost, easy manufacturing, strong impact resistance, high wear resistance, and good transparency, and have been increasingly used in optical lenses of various devices, including but not limited to electronic products, optical instruments, medical devices, and smart home devices.

[0005] Referring to Figure 1a, in an optical lens, a plastic lens element can be mounted inside the lens barrel. The plastic lens element has a larger coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) than the lens barrel. Therefore, under high-temperature conditions, the plastic lens element will undergo greater free expansion than the lens barrel. This free expansion of the plastic lens element is compressed by the lens barrel in the Y direction, causing deformation in the x direction. The higher the temperature, the more pronounced the deformation of the plastic lens element in the x direction, resulting in a greater change in the mirror curvature and a poorer optical image quality.

[0006] Currently, to reduce the extrusion deformation of plastic lenses by the lens barrel (see Figure 1b), plastic lenses are typically used in locations farther from the heat source, while glass lenses are still used closer to the heat source. While this approach avoids the plastic lenses operating at high temperatures, it also limits their application range and prevents them from achieving their optimal performance. To address this, some improvements consider leaving a gap between the plastic lens and the lens barrel, as shown in Figure 1c. At higher temperatures, the gap allows for some deformation of the plastic lens, thus reducing extrusion deformation caused by CTE mismatch between the lens barrel and the plastic lens. However, under non-high-temperature conditions, this arrangement can cause the optical center of the plastic lens to deviate from the optical axis, resulting in some loss of optical performance.

[0007] Therefore, further research is needed on how to reduce the compression deformation of the lens by the lens barrel under high-temperature conditions. Summary of the Invention

[0008] This application provides an optical lens, a transmitting module, a detection device, and a terminal device to maintain the optical performance of the lens as much as possible while reducing the compression deformation of the lens by the lens barrel under high temperature conditions.

[0009] In a first aspect, this application provides an optical lens, comprising: a lens barrel, a lens element, and a spacer assembly; the spacer assembly fixes the lens element inside the lens barrel; the edge of the lens element partially contacts the inner wall surface of the lens barrel; the spacer assembly includes a first spacer and a second spacer, the first spacer contacting a first surface of the lens element, and the second spacer contacting a second surface of the lens element; in the radial direction of the lens element, there is a first distance between the contact position of the first spacer and the center of gravity of the lens element, and a second distance between the contact position of the second spacer and the center of gravity of the lens element, wherein the first distance and the second distance are different.

[0010] Using the above optical lens, because the two spacers on both sides of the lens axis have a certain distance difference in the radial direction of the lens, the combined force exerted by the two spacers on the lens will generate a certain torque on the lens. This torque can be used to reduce or counteract the torque generated by the compressive force of the lens barrel on the lens under high-temperature conditions, thereby alleviating lens deformation caused by the compressive force of the lens barrel on the lens. In addition, by setting the edge of the lens to make partial contact with the inner wall surface of the lens barrel, the position of the compressive force of the lens barrel on the lens under high-temperature conditions can be effectively controlled, thereby enabling the lens barrel to generate the required torque on the lens, and facilitating the setting of the positions of the spacers on both sides of the axis according to this torque.

[0011] The optical lenses described above achieve the effect of reducing high-temperature deformation of the lens by adjusting the position of the spacers on both sides of the lens axis and the local contact method between the lens and the lens barrel, without limiting the scope of use of the lens or reserving space for deformation. Therefore, when the lens is made of plastic, high-temperature deformation of the plastic lens can be reduced without affecting its scope of use and optical performance.

[0012] In one possible design, along the axial direction of the lens, the position of the partial contact is located in a first direction relative to the center of gravity of the lens. If the first direction is the direction of the first surface of the lens relative to the center of gravity of the lens, then the first distance is greater than the second distance. If the first direction is the direction of the second surface of the lens relative to the center of gravity of the lens, then the first distance is less than the second distance.

[0013] Through the above design, the torque generated by the spacers on both sides of the lens axis on the lens is opposite in direction to the torque generated by the extrusion force of the lens barrel on the lens. Thus, the torque generated by the spacers on both sides of the lens axis on the lens can be used to reduce or offset the torque generated by the extrusion force of the lens barrel, thereby reducing lens deformation caused by the extrusion of the lens barrel under high temperature conditions.

[0014] In one possible design, a third distance exists between the location of the partial contact and the center of gravity of the lens along its axis. If the first distance is greater than the second distance, then the first, second, and third distances satisfy the following condition: F3 × d3 = F × (d1 - d2). Conversely, if the first distance is less than the second distance, then the first, second, and third distances satisfy the following condition: F3 × d3 = F × (d2 - d1). Where F3 is the force applied to the lens by the lens barrel, d3 is the third distance, d1 is the first distance, d2 is the second distance, and F is the preload force of the spacer assembly.

[0015] Through the above design, the torque generated by the spacers on both sides of the lens axis on the lens is opposite in direction and the same in magnitude as the torque generated by the extrusion force of the lens barrel on the lens. Thus, the torque generated by the spacers on both sides of the lens axis on the lens can be used to completely offset the torque generated by the extrusion force of the lens barrel, so that the lens deformation caused by the extrusion of the lens barrel under high temperature conditions is minimized.

[0016] In one possible design, the inner diameter of the inner wall of the lens barrel is the same, while the outer diameter of the lens edge is different.

[0017] The above design allows for the removal of a portion from the edge of an existing lens, achieving partial contact between the lens edge and the inner wall of the lens barrel. In other words, only the lens structure needs modification, without altering the lens barrel structure, thus reducing manufacturing complexity.

[0018] In a further possible design, the first and second surfaces of the lens are at different heights in the radial direction, with the first spacer pressing against the edge of the first surface and the second spacer pressing against the edge of the second surface.

[0019] Through the above design, the different contact positions of the first spacer with the first surface and the second spacer with the second surface can be achieved by using different heights of the first surface and the second surface. The first spacer and the second spacer can be placed directly on both sides of the axial edge of the lens, and the placement method of the spacers is relatively simple.

[0020] In a further possible design, along the axial direction of the lens, the edge of the lens includes a first segment and a second segment, the outer diameter of the first segment is larger than the outer diameter of the second segment, the first segment contacts the inner wall surface of the lens barrel, and the second segment does not contact the inner wall surface of the lens barrel.

[0021] The above design allows for the creation of lenses with different outer diameter parameters using a minimal number of segments, reducing the complexity of the lens structure.

[0022] In a further possible design, the first segment is connected to the first surface, the second segment is connected to the second surface, the lens portion of the first segment connected to the first surface contacts the first spacer, and the lens portion of the second segment connected to the second surface contacts the second spacer.

[0023] Through the above design, the edge of the first segment along the axial direction of the lens can contact the first spacer, and the edge of the second segment along the axial direction of the lens can contact the second spacer. Thus, the edges on both sides of the lens along the axial direction can be limited by the first spacer and the second spacer respectively, thereby achieving axial fixation of the lens in the lens barrel.

[0024] In further possible designs, the first or second segment of the lens may be a straight line, a diagonal line, a curve, an arc, or a line segment of other shapes in the axial section of the lens.

[0025] Based on the above design, the first and second segments can have a variety of possible shapes, which can be selected according to the needs. For example, in scenarios where the manufacturing process is insufficient, straight lines or diagonal lines can be selected, while in scenarios where aesthetics are required, curves or arcs can be selected.

[0026] In one possible design, the outer diameter of the lens edges is the same, while the inner diameter of the lens barrel is different.

[0027] The above design allows for slotting the inner wall of the existing lens barrel to achieve partial contact between the inner wall and the edge of the lens. In other words, only the structure of the lens barrel needs modification, without altering the lens structure, thus reducing manufacturing complexity.

[0028] In a further possible design, along the lens axis, the inner wall of the lens barrel includes a third section and a fourth section, the inner diameter of the third section being smaller than the inner diameter of the fourth section, the third section contacting the edge of the lens, and the fourth section not contacting the edge of the lens.

[0029] The above design allows for the creation of microscope tubes with different inner diameter parameters using a minimal number of segments, reducing the complexity of the microscope tube structure.

[0030] In a further possible design, the first and second surfaces are at the same height in the radial direction of the lens, the first spacer presses against the edge of the first surface, and the second spacer presses against the non-edge of the second surface.

[0031] Through the above design, without modifying the lens structure, the contact positions of the first spacer and the first surface and the second spacer and the second surface can be different by placing the first spacer and the second spacer at different heights.

[0032] In one possible design, one side of the first spacer contacts the inner wall of the lens barrel, and the other side contacts the first surface of the lens; one side of the second spacer contacts the inner wall of the lens barrel, and the other side contacts the second surface of the lens.

[0033] Through the above design, the first spacer can be limited radially by the inner wall of the lens barrel and axially by the first surface of the lens. The second spacer can be limited radially by the inner wall of the lens barrel and axially by the second surface of the lens. Therefore, the combination of the first and second spacers can achieve axial limitation of the lens.

[0034] In one possible design, the surface of the lens in the first axial direction is flat, or comprises multiple segments, with the segment contacting the first or second spacer being flat, and the middle segment being curved inward or outward; the surface of the lens in the second axial direction comprises multiple segments, with the segment contacting the second or first spacer being flat, and the middle segment being curved outward. Wherein, the surface of the lens in the first axial direction is the first surface, and the surface of the lens in the second axial direction is the second surface, or the surface of the lens in the first axial direction is the second surface, and the surface of the lens in the second axial direction is the first surface.

[0035] Through the above design, the lens can be a lens with a shape resembling a large belly (referred to as a "large belly lens"), such as a plano-convex lens, a concave-convex lens, or a biconvex lens. Existing large belly lenses exhibit more severe high-temperature deformation compared to other lenses. Therefore, improvements to the spacer position and local contact of large belly lenses can reduce the amount of high-temperature deformation and prevent serious high-temperature deformation problems in optical lenses.

[0036] In one possible design, the difference between the first distance and the second distance is equal to the thickness of the first spacer.

[0037] The above design ensures that the difference between the first and second distances is appropriate, avoiding the inconvenience of fabrication caused by an excessively small difference, while also avoiding structural instability caused by an excessively large difference. In other words, it balances the ease of fabrication with the rigidity of the structure.

[0038] In one possible design, the first or second spacer in the axial section of the lens is rectangular, square, trapezoidal, stepped, or L-shaped, or other possible shapes.

[0039] With the above design, the first and second spacers can have a variety of possible shapes, which can be selected according to the needs. For example, in scenarios with different lens outer diameters, a rectangle or a straight direction can be selected, while in scenarios with different lens barrel inner diameters, a trapezoid, stepped, or L-shaped shape can be selected.

[0040] In one possible design, the lens is a plastic lens, a glass lens, or a glass-plastic composite lens.

[0041] The above design allows for the application of optical structures to plastic lenses with significant high-temperature deformation, as well as to glass lenses or glass-plastic composite lenses with relatively small high-temperature deformation, thereby improving the versatility of the optical structures.

[0042] In one possible design, the spacer assembly is either separate from the lens barrel or integrally formed with it.

[0043] With the above design, the spacer assembly can be fabricated separately to reduce the difficulty of fabrication, or it can be fabricated together with the lens barrel to improve the fabrication efficiency.

[0044] In a second aspect, this application provides a transmitting module, including the optical lens shown in the first aspect or any of the designs in the first aspect.

[0045] In one possible design, the emitting module may also include a light source assembly for emitting a light beam and an optical lens for transmitting the light beam.

[0046] Through the above design, the light source component generates heat during use, causing the optical lens to operate at high temperatures. However, the above optical structure can reduce the deformation of the optical lens under high-temperature conditions, thereby allowing the emission module to maintain good beam emission performance during use.

[0047] Thirdly, this application provides a detection device, including the transmitting module shown in the second aspect or any of the designs in the second aspect above.

[0048] In one possible design, the detection device may also include a receiving module for receiving the light beam reflected back by the target.

[0049] In a further possible design, the detection device may also include a scanning module for scanning the beam from the transmitting module into the detection space. Alternatively, the beam reflected back from a target in the detection space may also be scanned into a receiving module.

[0050] In a further possible design, the detection device may also include a processing module for generating point cloud data based on the beam of light reflected back from the target. Optionally, relevant target information, such as velocity or attitude, may also be determined based on the point cloud data.

[0051] Fourthly, this application provides a terminal device including the detection device as described in the third aspect or any of the designs in the third aspect above.

[0052] The technical effects that can be achieved in the second to fourth aspects mentioned above can be referred to the description of the beneficial effects in the first aspect mentioned above, and will not be repeated here. Attached Figure Description

[0053] Figure 1a illustrates an exemplary schematic diagram of the compression deformation of the lens by the lens barrel under high-temperature conditions;

[0054] Figure 1b illustrates a schematic diagram of the structure of an optical lens provided in the industry;

[0055] Figure 1c illustrates a schematic diagram of another optical lens provided in the industry;

[0056] Figure 2a illustrates an exemplary schematic diagram of beam transmission of a convex lens provided in this application;

[0057] Figure 2b illustrates an exemplary schematic diagram of beam transmission using a concave lens provided in this application;

[0058] Figure 2c is an exemplary schematic diagram of the light-transmitting surface and edge of a lens provided in this application;

[0059] Figure 2d illustrates an axial cross-sectional schematic diagram of a lens provided in this application;

[0060] Figure 3a illustrates a possible application scenario for which this application applies;

[0061] Figure 3b illustrates another possible application scenario to which this application applies;

[0062] Figure 3c illustrates another possible application scenario to which this application applies;

[0063] Figure 3d illustrates another possible application scenario to which this application applies;

[0064] Figure 3e illustrates another possible application scenario to which this application applies;

[0065] Figure 4a illustrates an exemplary schematic diagram of the external structure of an optical lens provided in this application;

[0066] Figure 4b illustrates an axial cross-sectional schematic diagram of an optical lens provided in this application;

[0067] Figure 4c exemplarily illustrates a schematic axial cross-sectional view of a lens region of an optical lens provided in this application;

[0068] Figure 5a is an exemplary schematic diagram showing the stress and deformation trend of an optical lens provided in this application;

[0069] Figure 5b is an exemplary schematic diagram showing the stress and deformation trend of another optical lens provided in this application;

[0070] Figure 6 illustrates the structural schematic diagrams of four possible large belly lenses provided in this application;

[0071] Figure 7a illustrates an exemplary schematic diagram of a spacer assembly and an assembly structure of the spacer assembly and a lens provided in this application;

[0072] Figure 7b illustrates an alternative spacer assembly and a schematic diagram of the assembly structure of the spacer assembly and the lens provided in this application;

[0073] Figure 7c illustrates, exemplarily, another spacer assembly and assembly structure of the spacer assembly and lens provided in this application;

[0074] Figure 8 illustrates schematic diagrams of several possible optical lenses corresponding to partial contact method 1.

[0075] Figure 9 illustrates the structural diagrams of several large-belly lenses corresponding to partial contact mode 1;

[0076] Figure 10 illustrates schematic diagrams of several possible optical lenses corresponding to partial contact method two.

[0077] Figure 11a illustrates a partial structural schematic diagram of an axial cross-section of an optical lens provided in Embodiment 1;

[0078] Figure 11b illustrates a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional assembly structure provided in Implementation Scheme 1;

[0079] Figure 11c is an exemplary schematic diagram of the axial section corresponding to a three-dimensional assembly structure provided in Scheme 1;

[0080] Figure 11d illustrates, for example, a schematic diagram of the deformation trend of an optical lens provided in Embodiment 1;

[0081] Figure 12a illustrates a partial structural schematic diagram of the axial cross-section of an optical lens provided in Embodiment 2;

[0082] Figure 12b illustrates a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional assembly structure provided in Scheme 2;

[0083] Figure 12c illustrates a schematic diagram of the axial cross section corresponding to a three-dimensional assembly structure provided in Scheme 2;

[0084] Figure 12d illustrates, for example, a schematic diagram of the deformation trend of an optical lens provided in Embodiment 2;

[0085] Figure 13a exemplarily illustrates a partial structural schematic diagram of an axial cross-section of an optical lens provided in Embodiment 3;

[0086] Figure 13b illustrates a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional assembly structure provided in Embodiment 3;

[0087] Figure 13c is an exemplary schematic diagram of the axial section corresponding to a three-dimensional assembly structure provided in Scheme 3;

[0088] Figure 13d illustrates, for example, a schematic diagram of the deformation trend of an optical lens provided in Embodiment 3;

[0089] Figure 14a illustrates a partial structural schematic diagram of an axial cross-section of an optical lens provided in Embodiment 4;

[0090] Figure 14b illustrates a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional assembly structure provided in Implementation Scheme 4;

[0091] Figure 14c illustrates a schematic diagram of the axial section corresponding to a three-dimensional assembly structure provided in Scheme 4;

[0092] Figure 14d illustrates, by way of example, a schematic diagram of the deformation trend of an optical lens provided in Embodiment 4;

[0093] Figure 15a exemplarily illustrates a schematic diagram of the optical lens corresponding to another embodiment provided in this application;

[0094] Figure 15b exemplarily illustrates a schematic diagram of the optical lens corresponding to another embodiment of the present application;

[0095] Figure 16 illustrates a schematic diagram of the structure of a transmitting module provided in this application;

[0096] Figure 17 illustrates a schematic diagram of the structure of a detection device provided in this application. Detailed Implementation

[0097] The embodiments of this application will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0098] The following provides explanations for some of the terms used in this application. It should be noted that these explanations are for the convenience of those skilled in the art and do not constitute a limitation on the scope of protection claimed in this application.

[0099] I. Lenses

[0100] A lens, also known as a focusing lens, is a transparent optical device that focuses or defocuses a beam of light. The beam enters from one side of the lens and exits from the other. A convex lens can transform a collimated beam into a converging beam, or a diverging beam into a collimated beam. For example, as shown in Figure 2a, a collimated beam enters from the left side of a convex lens and exits from the right side, becoming a converging beam; in this case, the convex lens acts as a focusing lens. Alternatively, a diverging beam enters from the right side of a convex lens and exits from the left side, becoming a collimated beam; in this case, the convex lens acts as a collimating lens. A concave lens can transform a collimated or converging beam into a diverging beam. For example, as shown in Figure 2b, a collimated beam enters from the left side of the concave lens and exits from the right side, transforming into a diverging beam. In this case, the concave lens acts as a defocusing lens. Alternatively, a converging beam enters from the right side of the concave lens and exits from the left side, transforming into a collimated beam. In this case, the concave lens acts as a collimating lens.

[0101] II. Center of gravity of the lens

[0102] On a lens, the gravitational forces acting on all parts are concentrated at a single point, which is the lens's center of gravity. The location of the lens's center of gravity depends on the lens's shape and mass distribution; it can be located inside or outside the lens. For lenses with uniform mass distribution, the location of the center of gravity depends only on the lens's shape; for example, the center of gravity of a uniformly shaped lens with regular geometry is located at its geometric center.

[0103] III. Lens Surface and Edge

[0104] The surfaces of a lens are also called the light-transmitting surfaces, mainly including the light-incident surface and the light-exit surface. The light-incident surface is the surface of the lens used to receive incident light rays, and the light-exit surface is the surface of the lens used to emit outgoing light rays. For example, referring to Figure 2c, if the direction of light propagation is from top to bottom, then the upper surface (M1) of the lens is the light-incident surface, and the lower surface (M2) of the lens is the light-exit surface.

[0105] The edge of a lens refers to the area on the lens that connects the light-incoming surface and the light-outcoming surface. For example, referring to Figure 2c above, the annular area connecting the upper surface M1 and the lower surface M2 of the lens is the edge of the lens.

[0106] IV. Radial, Axial, and Axial Sections of the Lens

[0107] The radial direction of a lens refers to the direction in which the lens surface extends, such as the direction in which the light-incident or light-outcrying surface of the lens extends, as shown in the Y direction in Figure 2c.

[0108] The axis of a lens refers to the direction of the optical axis of the incident or emitted light beam, as shown by the X direction in Figure 2c.

[0109] The axial section of a lens refers to the surface obtained by cutting the lens with a plane passing through its optical axis. For example, please refer to Figure 2d, which shows the axial section of the lens shown in Figure 2c. The dark dots in the figure indicate the center of gravity of the lens.

[0110] The preceding text introduced some of the terms used in this application. The following text introduces the possible application scenarios of this application.

[0111] In one possible application scenario, the optical lens provided in this application can be integrated into a detection device, which may include, but is not limited to, LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging). The detection device can be installed on various vehicles, such as vehicles, ships, airplanes, drones, trains, subways, automated guided vehicles (AGVs), or unmanned vehicles, as an information source for path planning to assist drivers in achieving or automatically achieving safe driving. Alternatively, the detection device can be installed on a roadside unit (RSU) as a roadside traffic detection device to achieve intelligent vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) communication. Alternatively, the detection device can also be applied to terminal devices or components installed in terminal devices, such as smartphones, smart home devices, smart manufacturing equipment, medical devices, industrial equipment, and robots.

[0112] For example, taking the installation of the detection device on a vehicle as an example, please refer to Figure 3a, which shows a possible application scenario of this application. In this application scenario, the detection device is installed on the front bumper of the vehicle. However, it is understood that the detection device can also be installed in other locations on the vehicle, such as around the headlights, around the rearview mirrors, near the doors, on the rear bumper, behind the windshield, or on the roof, to capture information about the vehicle's surrounding environment. When the detection device is installed behind the windshield, the requirement for no stone collision is lower, it will not affect the appearance of the vehicle, and the windshield itself has window heating and defogging functions as well as wiper cleaning functions.

[0113] In another possible application scenario, the optical lens provided in this application can be integrated into a projector, as shown in Figure 3b. The projector can project light onto a wall or projection screen, causing the wall or projection screen to display an image corresponding to that light. Based on the throw ratio, projectors can be classified into long-throw projectors, short-throw projectors, and ultra-short-throw projectors. Long-throw projectors are suitable for use in bedrooms and living rooms, typically placed next to a bedside table or sofa. Short-throw projectors are mainly suitable for educational or business projection, such as cinema projection and office projection. Ultra-short-throw projectors can be set up at a short distance; for example, projectors for laser televisions (laser TVs) can basically be placed on a TV stand.

[0114] In some special scenarios, projectors can also be installed on vehicles. For example, those installed in cars are called in-vehicle projectors, those installed on airplanes are called airborne projectors, and those installed on ships are called shipborne projectors. Taking installation in a vehicle as an example, as shown in Figure 3c, an in-vehicle projector can be installed in any location in the vehicle cabin, such as above the headrest, behind the seat, in the armrest, or in front of the rear window. In some scenarios, in-vehicle projectors can also have a directional function, allowing projection onto the cabin screen, panoramic sunroof, side windows, or front and rear windshields by rotating them to different directions.

[0115] In another possible application scenario, the optical lens provided in this application can be integrated into a head-up display (HUD), as shown in Figure 3d. Figure 3d illustrates an HUD installed in a vehicle. The HUD projects the formed image (called a HUD virtual image) into the driver's (also known as the eye box) field of vision and fuses it with real road information, enhancing the driver's perception of the actual driving environment. For example, the HUD can overlay the HUD virtual image carrying navigation information and / or instrument information (such as driving speed, mileage, RPM, temperature, fuel level, headlight status, etc.) onto the real environment outside the vehicle, allowing the driver to obtain augmented reality visual effects. Specifically, it can be applied to scenarios such as augmented reality (AR) navigation, adaptive cruise control, and lane departure warning. HUDs include, but are not limited to, windshield (W) HUDs and augmented reality head-up displays (AR-HUDs).

[0116] In another possible application scenario, the optical lens provided in this application can be integrated into a near-eye display (NED) device. The NED device can be, for example, an augmented reality (AR) device, a virtual reality (VR) device, or a mixed reality (MR) device. AR devices can include, but are not limited to, AR glasses or AR headsets; VR devices can include, but are not limited to, VR glasses or VR headsets; and MR devices can include, but are not limited to, MR glasses or MR headsets. Taking AR glasses as an example, please refer to Figure 3e. Users can wear AR glasses to play games, watch videos, participate in virtual meetings, or engage in video shopping, etc.

[0117] It should be understood that the possible application scenarios given above are merely examples, and the optical lens provided in this application can also be applied to other possible scenarios, not limited to those listed above. For example, it can also be applied to digital cameras. Or, for example, it can be applied to telescopes. Or, for example, it can be applied to surgical microscopes, etc.

[0118] To meet the demand for cost reduction in optical products, the use of cheaper plastics in optical lenses has led to a shift in lens design from all-glass lenses to a combination of glass and plastic lenses, or even all-plastic lenses. In glass-plastic lens combinations, some lenses are made of plastic, while others are made of glass. In all-plastic lens designs, all lenses are made of plastic.

[0119] As described in the background section, plastic lenses undergo significant deformation under high-temperature conditions. This is especially true for plastic lenses with a bulging, belly-like shape, where the convex light-transmitting surface experiences very noticeable changes in shape. These changes primarily involve two aspects: free expansion caused by high temperatures and bulging caused by the compression of the lens barrel. To mitigate these changes, the industry has offered several solutions. However, these solutions either restrict the use of the plastic lens to avoid high-temperature conditions, hindering the full utilization of its performance, or allow for high-temperature deformation, which in turn causes the lens's center to deviate from the optical axis at room temperature, affecting its optical performance. Therefore, current industry solutions cannot alleviate the high-temperature deformation problem of plastic lenses without affecting their usability and optical performance.

[0120] In view of this, this application provides an optical lens that, by setting a certain height difference between the spacers on both sides of the lens axis, generates a certain torque on the lens through the spacers, thereby reducing or offsetting the torque generated by the radial compression of the lens by the lens barrel, and reducing lens deformation caused by the radial compression of the lens barrel. This optical lens achieves the effect of reducing high-temperature lens deformation by setting the partial contact between the lens and the lens barrel and the position of the spacers on both sides of the lens axis, without limiting the lens's application range or requiring space for lens deformation. Therefore, when the lens is a plastic lens, high-temperature deformation of the plastic lens can be reduced without affecting its application range and optical performance.

[0121] Based on the above, the optical lens proposed in this application will be described in detail below with reference to Figures 4a to 14d.

[0122] In the various embodiments of this application, unless otherwise specified or in case of logical conflict, the terminology and / or descriptions of different embodiments are consistent and can be referenced by each other. The technical features of different embodiments can be combined to form new embodiments according to their inherent logical relationship.

[0123] Furthermore, in this application, "distance" does not refer to an absolute distance, and a certain degree of engineering error is permissible. "Location" does not refer to an absolute location, and a certain degree of engineering error is permissible.

[0124] Figures 4a, 4b, and 4c show schematic diagrams of an optical lens provided in this application. Figure 4a shows the external structure of the optical lens 400. Figure 4b shows the cross-sectional structure obtained by cutting the optical lens 400 with a plane passing through its optical axis (L), also known as the axial cross-section of the optical lens 400. Figure 4c shows the structure of a lens region within the structure shown in Figure 4b.

[0125] First, referring to Figures 4a and 4b, the optical lens 400 appears barrel-shaped, containing multiple lenses arranged sequentially along its optical axis L. In other words, the centers of these lenses can lie on a straight line, referred to as the optical axis L of the optical lens 400. In this application, the direction of the optical axis L of the optical lens 400 is referred to as the axial direction of the optical lens 400 or the lens axis, i.e., the X direction shown in Figure 4b. The extending direction of the lens surface of the optical lens 400 is referred to as the radial direction of the optical lens 400 or the lens axis, i.e., the Y direction shown in Figure 4b.

[0126] Secondly, referring to Figure 4b, for each lens element in the optical lens 400, its edge can partially or completely contact the inner wall surface of the lens barrel. Therefore, the lens barrel can provide radial pressure to the lens element, which can limit radial movement of the lens element and achieve radial fixation of the lens element. In addition, spacers can also be provided on both sides of the axial direction of each lens element. The spacers can provide axial pressure to the lens element, which can limit axial movement of the lens element and achieve axial fixation of the lens element. Of course, one or both sides of the axial direction of the lens element can also be without spacers, and instead, a piece protruding on the inner wall surface of the lens barrel can be used to block one or both sides of the axial direction of the lens element, which can also achieve axial fixation of the lens element. For ease of description, this application also refers to the piece protruding on the inner wall surface of the lens barrel as a spacer, which is integrally formed with the lens barrel.

[0127] It is understood that in the optical lens 400 shown in Figure 4b, at least one lens element is in contact with the lens barrel and spacer according to the structure provided in this application, while other lenses element may refer to existing contact methods or other contact methods, which are not specifically limited in this application.

[0128] For example, assuming the fourth lens from left to right in Figure 4b contacts the lens barrel and spacer in the manner provided in this application, then, referring to Figure 4c, this application provides an optical lens 400, which includes a lens barrel 410, a lens 420 (corresponding to the fourth lens from left to right in Figure 4b), and a spacer assembly 430. The spacer assembly 430 fixes the lens 420 inside the lens barrel 410, and the edge of the lens 420 partially contacts the inner wall surface (S0) of the lens barrel 410. The spacer assembly 430 includes a first spacer 431 and a second spacer 432. The first spacer 431 contacts the first surface (S1) of the lens 420, and the second spacer 432 contacts the second surface (S2) of the lens 420. In the radial direction Y of the lens 420, there is a first distance (d1) between the contact position of the first spacer 431 and the center of gravity (G) of the lens 420, and there is a second distance (d2) between the contact position of the second spacer 432 and the center of gravity (G) of the lens 420. The first distance d1 and the second distance d2 are different.

[0129] As can be understood, as shown in Figure 4c, when the lens 420 is in a high-temperature condition, the lens 420 will be subjected to the pressure of the first spacer 431 (called the first pressure F1) and the pressure of the second spacer 432 (called the second pressure F2) in the axial direction X, and will be subjected to the squeezing force of the lens barrel 410 (called the third pressure F3) in the radial direction Y.

[0130] The position of the first pressure F1 can be considered as the contact position of the first spacer 431. That is, in the radial direction Y of the lens 420, the position of the first pressure F1 is separated from the center of gravity G of the lens 420 by a first distance d1. Similarly, the position of the second pressure F2 can be considered as the contact position of the second spacer 432. That is, in the radial direction Y of the lens 420, the position of the second pressure F2 is separated from the center of gravity G of the lens 420 by a second distance d2. The position of the third pressure F3 can be considered as the position of partial contact. In the axial direction of the lens 420, it is assumed that the position of the third pressure F3 is separated from the center of gravity G of the lens 420 by a third distance (d3).

[0131] Furthermore, along the axial direction of the lens 420, since the lens 420 is only subjected to the first pressure F1 and the second pressure F2, when the lens 420 is fixed inside the lens barrel 410, the first pressure F1 and the second pressure F2 are of the same magnitude but opposite in direction. Optionally, the magnitudes of the first pressure F1 and the second pressure F2 can be understood as the preload force of the spacer. That is, after the spacer assembly 430 and the lens 420 are installed, the force used to tighten the left and right sides of the optical lens 400 as shown in the diagram.

[0132] Under the action of the three forces described above, the first pressure F1 will generate a first torque (F1×d1) on the lens 420, the second pressure F2 will generate a second torque (F2×d2) on the lens 420, and the third pressure F3 will generate a third torque (F3×d3) on the lens 420. Under high-temperature conditions, when the third distance d3 is not zero, the existence of the third torque F3×d3 will cause bending deformation of the lens 420 in the X-axis direction. However, since the first pressure F1 and the second pressure F2 are of the same magnitude, and the first distance d1 and the second distance d2 are of different magnitudes, the resultant torque of the first torque F1×d1 and the second torque F2×d2 is not zero. When the direction of this resultant torque is opposite to the direction of the third torque F3×d3, this resultant torque can cause bending deformation of the lens 420 in the X-axis direction, opposite to the direction of the third torque F3×d3. In other words, it can reduce or offset the deformation caused by the compressive force of the lens barrel 410 on the lens 420 under high-temperature conditions.

[0133] Among them, the directions of the first torque F1×d1, the second torque F2×d2, and the third torque F3×d3 are related to the relative positions between the position of the first pressure F1, the position of the second pressure F2, the position of the third pressure F3, and the center of gravity G of the lens 420, respectively. The first torque F1×d1, the second torque F2×d2, and the third torque F3×d3 together affect the deformation trend of the lens 420.

[0134] For example, along the axial direction X of lens 420, assume that the third pressure F3 is applied in the first direction at the center of gravity G of lens 420:

[0135] As shown in Figure 5a, if the first direction is the direction of the first surface S1 of lens 420 relative to the center of gravity G of lens 420, such as to the left as shown in Figure 5a(A), then the third torque F3×d3 will cause lens 420 to bulge to the right, as shown by the dashed line in Figure 5a(B). In this case, to reduce or counteract the deformation tendency caused by the third torque F3×d3, the combined torque of the first torque F1×d1 and the second torque F2×d2 needs to cause lens 420 to bulge to the left, as shown by the single-node line in Figure 5a(B). That is, the first torque F1×d1 needs to be greater than the second torque F2×d2. Since the first pressure F1 and the second pressure F2 are the same, the first distance d1 is greater than the second distance d2. In other words, in the radial direction Y of the lens 420, the first spacer 431 is closer to the inner wall surface S0 of the lens barrel 410 than the second spacer 432, or rather, farther away from the center of gravity G of the lens 420.

[0136] Conversely, as shown in Figure 5b, if the first direction is the direction of the second surface S2 of lens 420 relative to the center of gravity G of lens 420, such as the right side as shown in Figure 5b(A), then the third torque F3×d3 will cause lens 420 to bulge to the left, as shown by the dashed line in Figure 5b(B). In this case, to reduce or counteract the deformation tendency caused by the third torque F3×d3, the combined torque of the first torque F1×d1 and the second torque F2×d2 needs to cause lens 420 to bulge to the right, as shown by the single-node line in Figure 5b(B). That is, the first torque F1×d1 needs to be less than the second torque F2×d2. Since the first pressure F1 and the second pressure F2 are the same, the first distance d1 is less than the second distance d2. In other words, in the radial direction Y of the lens 420, the second spacer 432 is closer to the inner wall surface S0 of the lens barrel 410 than the first spacer 431, or rather, farther away from the center of gravity G of the lens 420.

[0137] Understandably, to completely counteract the deformation tendency caused by the third torque F3×d3, the combined torque of the first torque F1×d1 and the second torque F2×d2 must be the same in magnitude but opposite in direction to the third torque F3×d3. For example, if the force position is as shown in Figure 5a, then the first pressure F1, the second pressure F2, the third pressure F3, the first distance d1, the second distance d2, and the third distance d3 must satisfy the following formula: F3×d3=F1×d1-F2×d2……Formula 1

[0138] Since the magnitudes of the first pressure F1 and the second pressure F2 are the same, the above formula one can also be simplified to the following formula two: F3×d3=F×(d1-d2)……Formula Two

[0139] In Formula 2, F represents the preload of the spacer assembly.

[0140] For example, if the force distribution is as shown in Figure 5b, then the first pressure F1, the second pressure F2, the third pressure F3, the first distance d1, the second distance d2, and the third distance d3 need to satisfy the following formula three, or it can be simplified to the following formula four: F3×d3=F2×d2-F1×d1……Formula three F3×d3=F×(d2-d1)……Formula four

[0141] Furthermore, taking the force location and Formula 2 shown in Figure 5a above as an example:

[0142] When the local contact structure between the lens barrel 410 and the lens 420 is determined, the third pressure F3 and the third distance d3 are fixed values, the third torque F3×d3 generated by the third pressure F3 on the lens 420 is a fixed value, and the bending deformation of the lens 420 caused by the third torque F3×d3 is a fixed value. In this case, if the first spacer 431 is designed to be closer to the inner wall surface S0 of the lens barrel 410 than the second spacer 432, then the bending deformation of the lens 420 caused by the combined torque F×(d1-d2) of the first spacer 431 and the second spacer 432 is in the opposite direction to the bending deformation of the third torque F3×d3. By adjusting the preload F of the spacer assembly 430, the bending deformation of the lens 420 caused by the combined torque F×(d1-d2) of the two spacers can be adjusted. When the bending deformation of the lens 420 caused by the two spacers is the same as that caused by the lens barrel 410, the bending deformation value of the lens 420 reaches its minimum; or,

[0143] When the preload F of the spacer assembly 430 is a fixed value, and the positions of the first spacer 431 and the second spacer 432 are fixed, the bending deformation of the lens 420 caused by the first spacer 431 and the second spacer 432 is also a fixed value. In this case, by changing the local contact structure between the lens 420 and the lens barrel 410, the position of the third pressure F3 acting on the lens 420 can be changed, thereby changing the magnitude of the third distance d3. That is, the third torque F3×d3 generated by the third pressure F3 on the lens 420 can be changed to adjust the bending deformation of the lens 420 caused by the lens barrel 410. When the bending deformation of the lens 420 caused by the two spacers is the same as that caused by the lens barrel 410, the bending deformation of the lens 420 reaches its minimum.

[0144] Based on the above, it can be understood that this application, through the partial contact design between the lens 420 and the lens barrel 410, and the equivalent bias voltage design of the spacers on both sides (i.e., the height of the spacers on both sides is different), can reduce or even completely eliminate the deformation caused by the compression of the lens 420 by the lens barrel 410 under high-temperature conditions. Without considering the deformation caused by free expansion at high temperatures, the bending deformation of the lens 420 under high-temperature conditions can be minimized. Based on this design, even if the lens 420 is a plastic lens and it is installed near a heat source, it can still have a small amount of deformation, and the optical performance of the plastic lens will hardly be affected by its proximity to the heat source. In other words, when the solution of this application is applied to plastic lenses, the plastic lens can be used at any position in the optical lens, and the application range of the plastic lens is unrestricted. Moreover, there is no need to reserve deformation space for the plastic lens at room temperature, so the optical performance of the plastic lens can also be guaranteed at room temperature.

[0145] It should be noted that the partial contact between the edge of the lens 420 and the inner wall surface S0 of the lens barrel 410 in this application is designed to make the position of the compressive force (i.e., the third pressure F3) applied by the lens barrel 410 to the lens 420 under high-temperature conditions controllable. In existing optical lenses, the edge of the lens may also partially contact the inner wall surface of the lens barrel due to manufacturing errors. However, this partial contact is caused by manufacturing errors, and the position of the partial contact is not fixed, meaning the position of the compressive force is not fixed. This application, on the other hand, carefully designs the partial contact structure between the edge of the lens 420 and the inner wall surface S0 of the lens barrel 410 by combining the equivalent bias of the two spacers. This ensures that the position and magnitude of the compressive force applied by the lens barrel 410 to the lens 420 under high-temperature conditions can precisely offset or reduce the bending deformation caused by the equivalent bias of the two spacers, thereby reducing the high-temperature deformation of the lens. In other words, the partial contact structure in this application is completely different from the partial contact structure in existing optical lenses, both in terms of the structure itself and the purpose of the design concept.

[0146] In a special case, if the distance between the position of the third pressure F3 exerted by the lens barrel 410 on the lens 420 and the center of gravity G of the lens 420 is 0 along the axial direction X of the lens 420, it indicates that the third pressure F3 exerted by the lens barrel 410 on the lens 420 is exactly applied to the center of gravity G of the lens 420. In other words, the third pressure F3 exerted by the lens barrel 410 on the lens 420 will not cause the lens 420 to deform axially. In this case, along the radial direction Y of the lens 420, the first spacer 431 and the second spacer 432 can be set at the same height, or in other words, the first distance d1 and the second distance d2 are the same. Thus, the torque generated by the first pressure F1 of the first spacer ring 431 on the lens 420 and the torque generated by the second pressure F2 of the second spacer ring 432 on the lens 420 are the same in magnitude and opposite in direction. Therefore, the combined torque of the first spacer ring 431 and the second spacer ring 432 on the lens 420 is 0, and the pressure of the first spacer ring 431 and the second spacer ring 432 on the lens 420 will not cause the lens 420 to have an axial deformation tendency. Furthermore, the combination of the first spacer ring 431, the second spacer ring 432 and the lens barrel 410 will not cause the lens 420 to have an axial deformation tendency. Without considering the high-temperature free expansion of the lens 420, the deformation of the lens 420 under high-temperature conditions is minimal.

[0147] The above content introduces some basic concepts of this application. The following section will further describe and explain the various functional components and structures involved in the above content to provide exemplary specific implementation schemes.

[0148] I. Lens tube

[0149] Optionally, the lens barrel 410 can be made of a material with a certain strength and hardness, such as metal. Common metal lens barrels include aluminum alloy and magnesium alloy. Aluminum alloy lens barrels have good heat dissipation performance, while magnesium alloy lens barrels are lighter, and the choice can be made according to different application scenarios.

[0150] Furthermore, optionally, the lens barrel 410 can be a component of uniform mass. In this way, the local contact position between the lens barrel 410 and the lens 420 can be maintained at the center of the area where the inner wall surface of the lens barrel 410 contacts the edge of the lens 420. With this arrangement, the position of the third pressure F3 can be controlled.

[0151] II. Lenses

[0152] Optionally, lens 420 can be a plastic lens, a glass lens, or a glass-plastic composite lens. Among these, plastic lenses exhibit the greatest high-temperature deformation, followed by glass-plastic composite lenses, with glass lenses exhibiting the least. In some scenarios, only plastic lenses or glass-plastic composite lenses with higher high-temperature deformation can be fitted with localized contact and spacer equivalent bias voltages, while glass lenses can still use existing settings. For example, the edge of the glass lens can be in full contact with the inner wall of the lens barrel, and the spacers on both sides of the glass lens axis can be without a height difference. This reduces the number of lenses and spacers requiring adjustment, simplifying assembly.

[0153] Alternatively, lens 420 can be a lens of any shape, such as a plane mirror, a concave mirror, or a convex mirror.

[0154] In one particular design, lens 420 can be a "bulging" lens. In this application, a "bulging" lens refers to a lens that appears to have a large belly. In other words, a "bulging" lens has at least one convex light-transmitting surface, and the curvature of at least one convex light-transmitting surface is greater than a predetermined curvature. For example, please refer to Figure 6, which shows schematic diagrams of four possible "bulging" lenses. Figure 6(A) shows a "bulging" lens with one convex mirror surface and the other flat mirror surface, also known as a plano-convex lens. Figure 6(B) shows a "bulging" lens with one convex mirror surface and the other concave mirror surface, also known as a concave-convex lens. Figure 6(C) shows a "bulging" lens with both mirror surfaces being convex and the curvature of one mirror surface being greater than that of the other, also known as a biconvex lens. Figure 6(D) shows another type of biconvex lens, where both mirror surfaces are convex and have the same curvature. It is understood that other "bulging" lenses may also exist, which will not be listed here.

[0155] Furthermore, optionally, lens 420 can be a lens with uniform mass. In this case, the center of gravity G of lens 420 is only related to the structure of lens 420. For example, the center of gravity G of a plane mirror with uniform mass distribution is usually at its center. The center of gravity G of a large-bodied lens is usually outside its supporting rectangle, as shown in Figures 6(A) to (C) above, where the supporting rectangle is the rectangle indicated by the dotted line in the figure. The center of gravity G of some special large-bodied lenses may also be inside its supporting rectangle, as shown in Figure 6(D) above.

[0156] Furthermore, optionally, one of the first surface S1 and the second surface S2 of the lens 420 is the light-emitting surface, and the other is the light-receiving surface. For example, the first surface S1 of the lens 420 is the light-emitting surface, and the second surface S2 of the lens 420 is the light-receiving surface; or, the first surface S1 of the lens 420 is the light-receiving surface, and the second surface S2 of the lens 420 is the light-emitting surface. That is to say, if the lens 420 is a convex lens, the convex surface of the convex lens can be used as either the light-receiving surface or the light-emitting surface, without any specific limitation.

[0157] Furthermore, optionally, taking the lens 420 as the large-bellied lens shown in Figure 6 as an example, and referring to Figures 4c and 6, if the first surface S1 is convex, then the second surface S2 can be the plane shown in Figure 6(A), the concave surface shown in Figure 6(B), or the other convex surface shown in Figure 6(C) or Figure 6(D). In other words, along the axial direction X of the lens 420, the first surface S1 can include multiple segments, with the segment contacting the first spacer 431 being flat and the middle segment being outwardly curved. The second surface S2 can be flat, or it can include multiple segments, with the segment contacting the second spacer 432 being flat and the middle segment being outwardly or inwardly curved. Conversely, if the second surface S2 is convex, then the first surface S1 can be the plane shown in Figure 6(A), the concave surface shown in Figure 6(B), or the other convex surface shown in Figure 6(C) or Figure 6(D). In other words, along the axial direction X of the lens 420, the second surface S2 may include multiple segments, with the segment in contact with the second spacer 432 being flat and the middle segment being curved outwards. The first surface S1 may be flat, or may include multiple segments, with the segment in contact with the first spacer 431 being flat and the middle segment being curved outwards or inwards.

[0158] III. Spacer Assembly

[0159] Optionally, the spacer assembly 430 can be independent of the lens barrel 410 or integrally formed with it. For example, in one example, the spacer assembly 430 can be fabricated separately from the lens barrel 410, and then placed sequentially in the lens barrel 410 after fabrication to press against both axial sides of the lens 420. Fabricating it separately reduces the difficulty of fabrication. Alternatively, in another example, the spacer assembly 430 can be fabricated together with the lens barrel 410. For example, a fabrication mold for the spacer assembly 430 and the lens barrel 410 can be pre-set, allowing for the one-time molding of an integral spacer assembly 430 and lens barrel 410. Fabricating them together speeds up the fabrication process.

[0160] Optionally, as shown in Figure 4c, the spacer assembly 430 fixes the lens 420 inside the lens barrel 410. This can be understood as follows: one surface of the first spacer 431 (the outer diameter surface of the first spacer 431 shown in the figure, i.e., the surface away from the center of gravity G of the lens 420 in the radial Y direction) contacts the inner wall surface S0 of the lens barrel 410, and the other surface (the surface opposite to the second spacer 432 shown in the figure) contacts the first surface S1 of the lens 420. One surface of the second spacer 432 (the outer diameter surface of the second spacer 432 shown in the figure) contacts the inner wall surface S0 of the lens barrel 410, and the other surface (the surface opposite to the first spacer 431 shown in the figure) contacts the second surface S2 of the lens 420. Thus, the first spacer 431 is limited by the inner wall surface of the lens barrel 410 in the radial direction Y of the lens 420, and limits the first surface S1 of the lens 420 in the axial direction X of the lens 420. The second spacer 432 is limited by the inner wall surface of the lens barrel 410 in the radial direction Y of the lens 420, and limits the second surface S2 of the lens 420 in the axial direction X of the lens 420. Therefore, the first spacer 431 combined with the second spacer 432 can achieve axial limitation of the lens 420.

[0161] Optionally, the first spacer 431 and the second spacer 432 can be components of uniform mass. In this way, the contact position between the first spacer 431 and the first surface S1 can be maintained at the center of the area where the first spacer 431 contacts the first surface S1, that is, at the midpoint of the right side of the first spacer 431. Similarly, the contact position between the second spacer 432 and the second surface S2 can be maintained at the center of the area where the second spacer 432 contacts the second surface S2, that is, at the midpoint of the left side of the second spacer 432. This arrangement allows for controllability of the application positions of the first pressure F1 and the second pressure F2.

[0162] Optionally, in the radial Y direction of the lens 420, there is a first height difference between the contact position of the first spacer 431 with the first surface S1 and the contact position of the second spacer 432 with the second surface S2. That is, the difference between the first distance d1 and the second distance d2 is the first height difference. If the first height difference is too small, it is inconvenient to manufacture the local contact structure of the lens barrel 410 or the lens 420. If the first height difference is too large, the contact structure between the spacer assembly 430 and the lens 420 is unstable. Based on this, in one example, in order to balance the ease of manufacture and structural stability, the first height difference can be set as the thickness of the first spacer 431, such as 5 mm.

[0163] Optionally, in the axial section of the lens 420, the first spacer 431 or the second spacer 432 can be rectangular, trapezoidal, stepped, or L-shaped. For example, taking the lens 420 as a plano-convex lens as shown in Figure 6(A), and the inner diameter of the first spacer 431 being larger than the inner diameter of the second spacer 432, please refer to Figures 7a to 7c, which show several possible spacer assemblies and their assembly structures with the lens. In the example of Figure 7a, both the first spacer 431 and the second spacer 432 are cylindrical rings, meaning that in the axial section of the lens 420, both the first spacer 431 and the second spacer 432 are rectangular. In the example of Figure 7b, the first spacer 431 is a columnar ring, and the second spacer 432 is a trapezoidal ring, meaning that in the axial section of the lens 420, the first spacer 431 is rectangular, and the second spacer 432 is trapezoidal. In the example of Figure 7c, the first spacer 431 is a columnar ring and the second spacer 432 is a stepped ring. That is, in the axial section of the lens 420, the first spacer 431 is rectangular and the second spacer 432 is L-shaped or stepped.

[0164] Understandably, the first spacer 431 or the second spacer 432 can also be any other possible shape, such as a sector, a polygon, a square, or even an irregular shape, which will not be listed here.

[0165] In this application, the edge of the lens 420 is in partial contact with the inner wall surface S0 of the lens barrel 410. There are many ways to achieve this, as illustrated by examples.

[0166] Local contact method 1

[0167] In the first type of partial contact, as shown in Figure 8, the inner diameter of the inner wall surface S0 of the lens barrel 410 is the same, while the outer diameter of the edge of the lens 420 is different. That is, along the axial direction X of the lens 420, the edge of the lens 420 includes at least two segments with different outer diameters. The segment with the largest outer diameter contacts the inner wall surface S0 of the lens barrel 410, while the segment with the smaller outer diameter does not contact the inner wall surface S0 of the lens barrel 410.

[0168] For example, as shown in Figure 8, the edge of the lens 420 may include a first segment and a second segment. The outer diameter (W1) of the first segment is larger than the outer diameter (W2) of the second segment. The first segment contacts the inner wall surface S0 of the lens barrel 410, while the second segment does not contact the inner wall surface S0 of the lens barrel 410. That is, the lens barrel 410 can still use the existing lens barrel, while the lens 420 can be made by cutting off a piece from the edge of the existing lens. In this way, when the cut-off part of the lens 420 is installed in the lens barrel 410, the cut-off part of the edge of the lens 420 does not contact the inner wall surface S0 of the lens barrel 410, while the uncut part does contact the inner wall surface S0 of the lens barrel 410.

[0169] Optionally, as shown in Figure 8, on the axial section of the lens 420, the first or second segment can be one or more combinations of a straight line segment, an oblique line segment, a broken line segment, a curved line segment, or an arc segment. For example, in the structure shown in Figure 8, the first segment is always a horizontal straight line segment, while the second segment is successively: a horizontal straight line segment, an oblique line segment, a combination of an oblique line segment and a horizontal straight line segment, multiple horizontal straight line segments, a curved line segment, and multiple oblique line segments. Cutting the existing lens according to the shape of the first and second segments to obtain the lens 420 can form a first groove between the edge of the lens 420, the inner wall surface S0 of the lens barrel 410, and the spacer (such as the right spacer shown in the figure). The shape of the first groove can be, for example, a rectangle, a triangle, a trapezoid, a stepped shape, a fan shape, or an irregular shape as shown in Figure 8.

[0170] For example, taking the plano-convex lens shown in Figure 6(A) as an example, please refer to Figure 9, which shows a perspective view of several large-diameter lenses. In the example shown in Figure 9(A), a ring-shaped structure is cut straight off the edge of lens 420. Therefore, in the X-axis direction of lens 420, the first groove presents a rectangle as shown in the first lens 420 of the first row in Figure 8. In the example shown in Figure 9(B), a ring-shaped structure is cut obliquely off the edge of lens 420. Therefore, in the X-axis direction of lens 420, the first groove presents a triangle as shown in the second lens 420 of the first row in Figure 8. In the example shown in Figure 9(C), a small ring-shaped structure is first cut straight off the edge of lens 420, and then a large ring-shaped structure is cut obliquely off. Therefore, in the X-axis direction of lens 420, the first groove presents a trapezoid as shown in the third lens 420 of the first row in Figure 8.

[0171] Understandably, the edge of lens 420 can also be cut along a curved segment, a broken line segment, or other shaped line segment to form a ring structure. In other words, the first groove can also be other shapes, such as those not shown in Figure 8, such as ellipse, semicircle, square, etc., which will not be listed here.

[0172] Optionally, referring to Figures 8 and 4c, assuming the left side of lens 420 is the first surface S1 and the right side of lens 420 is the second surface S2, then the spacer on the left side of lens 420 is the first spacer 431, and the spacer on the right side is the second spacer 432. The first segment of lens 420 is connected to the first surface S1, and the second segment of lens 420 is connected to the second surface S2. The portion of the first segment connected to the first surface S1 contacts the first spacer 431, and the portion of the second segment connected to the second surface S2 contacts the second spacer 432. That is, the edge of the first segment along the axial direction X of lens 420 contacts the first spacer 431, and the edge of the second segment along the axial direction X of lens 420 contacts the second spacer 432. Thus, the first spacer 431 and the second spacer 432 are respectively positioned on both sides of the edge of lens 420, enabling axial positioning of lens 420.

[0173] Further, optionally, referring to Figure 8, in the radial Y direction of the lens 420, since the outer diameters of the first segment and the second segment are different, the heights of the first surface S1 and the second surface S2 are different. In this case, the first spacer 431 can directly press against the edge of the first surface S1, and the second spacer 432 can directly press against the edge of the second surface S2. That is, the opposing surfaces of the first spacer 431 and the second spacer 432 contact the edge region of the first surface S1, and the opposing surface of the second spacer 432 and the first spacer 431 contact the edge region of the second surface S2. With this design, the different contact positions of the first spacer 431 and the first surface S1 and the second spacer 432 and the second surface S2 can be achieved by using the different heights of the first surface S1 and the second surface S2. The first spacer 431 and the second spacer 432 can be placed directly on both sides of the axial edge of the lens 420, making the placement of the spacers relatively simple.

[0174] By using the above-mentioned partial contact method one, the edge of the lens 420 can be made in partial contact with the inner wall of the lens barrel 410 through structural improvements to the lens 420, so that the position of the squeezing force of the lens barrel 410 on the lens 420 under high temperature conditions can be controlled.

[0175] Partial contact method two

[0176] In the second partial contact method, as shown in Figure 10, the outer diameter of the lens 420 is the same, while the inner diameter of the inner wall surface S0 of the lens barrel 410 is different. That is, along the axial direction X of the lens 420, the inner wall surface S0 of the lens barrel 410 includes at least two segments with different inner diameters. The segment with the largest inner diameter contacts the edge of the lens 420, while the segment with the smaller inner diameter does not contact the edge of the lens 420.

[0177] For example, as shown in Figure 10, the inner wall surface S0 of the lens barrel 410 may include a third segment and a fourth segment. The inner diameter (W3) of the third segment is smaller than the inner diameter (W4) of the fourth segment. The third segment contacts the edge of the lens 420, while the fourth segment does not contact the edge of the lens 420. Using this example, the lens 420 can still use an existing lens, while the lens barrel 410 can have a second groove formed on its existing inner wall surface. After the lens 420 is installed inside the lens barrel 410, the second groove at least covers the area where the edge of the lens 420 contacts the inner wall surface S0 of the lens barrel 410. Thus, in the area where the inner wall surface S0 of the lens barrel 410 overlaps with the edge of the lens 420, the portion of the inner wall surface S0 of the lens barrel 410, except for the second groove, contacts the edge of the lens 420, while the portion at the second groove does not contact the edge of the lens 420. The presence of the second groove allows for partial contact between the inner wall surface S0 of the lens barrel 410 and the edge of the lens 420.

[0178] Optionally, as shown in Figure 10, on the axial section of lens 420, the third or fourth segment can be one or more of the following: a straight line segment, an oblique line segment, a broken line segment, a curved line segment, or an arc segment. For example, in the structure shown in Figure 10, the third segment is always a horizontal straight line segment, while the fourth segment is, in sequence: a horizontal straight line segment, an oblique line segment, a curved line segment, an oblique line segment, an arc segment, or a combination of multiple oblique line segments.

[0179] Furthermore, optionally, according to the shape design of the third and fourth sections mentioned above, the shape of the second groove on the axial section of the lens 420 can be, for example, a rectangle, trapezoid, trapezoidal, triangle, semicircle or irregular shape as shown in Figure 10, or it can be other shapes not shown in Figure 10, such as a fan, semi-ellipse, square, etc., which will not be listed here.

[0180] Further, optionally, referring to Figure 10, since the edge of the lens 420 is not cut, the first surface S1 and the second surface S2 of the lens are at the same height in the radial Y direction of the lens 420. In this case, the first spacer 431 can press against the edge of the first surface S1, and the second spacer 432 can press against the non-edge of the second surface S2. That is, the surface of the first spacer 431 relative to the second spacer 432 contacts the edge region of the first surface S1, while the surface of the second spacer 432 relative to the first spacer 431 contacts a certain region inside the edge of the second surface S2. With this design, the contact position of the first spacer 431 with the first surface S1 and the contact position of the second spacer 432 with the second surface S2 can be different by placing the first spacer 431 and the second spacer 432 in different positions.

[0181] By using the above-mentioned second method of partial contact, the inner wall surface S0 of the lens barrel 410 can be partially contacted with the edge of the lens 420 through structural improvements to the lens barrel 410, so that the position of the squeezing force of the lens barrel 410 on the lens 420 under high temperature conditions can be controlled.

[0182] It is understood that the above are merely illustrative examples of two possible partial contact methods, and other partial contact methods may exist in actual optical lenses. For example, it could be a combination of the above partial contact method one and layout contact method two, that is, a piece is cut off from the edge of the lens 420, and a groove is also made on the inner wall of the lens barrel 410. The position of the groove and the position of the cut off can completely overlap, partially overlap, or not overlap, and there is no specific limitation.

[0183] The above content describes the relevant content of the optical lens provided in this application. Several specific implementation schemes are given below as examples.

[0184] Implementation Plan 1

[0185] Please refer to Figure 11a, which shows a partial structural diagram of the axial cross-section of an optical lens provided in Embodiment 1. In Figure 11a, (A), (B), and (C) represent the internal structures of the optical lens obtained after setting up the plano-convex lens, concave-convex lens, and biconvex lens shown in Figures 6 (A), (B), and (C) according to the partial contact method shown in the first example of the first row in Figure 8. This can be understood as follows: first, a piece is vertically cut off from the edge connecting the plano-convex lens, concave-convex lens, and biconvex lens shown in Figures 6 (A), (B), and (C); then, the cut plano-convex lens, concave-convex lens, and biconvex lens are assembled into the lens barrel 410 through the first spacer 431 and the second spacer 432 of the columnar ring structure.

[0186] For example, taking the structure shown in Figure 11a(B) as an example, Figure 11b shows a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional assembly structure in which the first spacer 431 and the second spacer 432 fix the lens 420 in the lens barrel 410, and Figure 11c shows a schematic diagram of the axial section of the three-dimensional assembly structure. Combining Figures 11b and 11c, in embodiment one, the inner diameter of the inner wall surface S0 of the lens barrel 410 is the same, while the outer diameter of the edge of the lens 420 is different. Along the axial direction X of the lens 420, the inner wall surface S0 of the lens 420 can be divided into a first horizontal straight segment (d...). 11 ) and the second horizontal straight segment (d 12 ), the first horizontal straight segment d 11 outer diameter W 11 Greater than the second horizontal straight segment d 12 outer diameter W 12 The first horizontal straight segment d with the largest outer diameter 11The second horizontal straight segment d with a small outer diameter contacts the inner wall surface S0 of the lens barrel 410. 12 It disengages from the inner wall surface S0 of the lens barrel 410. The first horizontal straight segment d 11 Connecting the first surface S1 of lens 420, and the second horizontal straight segment d 12 The second surface S2 of the lens 420 is connected. The first spacer 431 presses against the edge of the first surface S1. The outer diameter surface of the first spacer 431 contacts the inner wall surface S0 of the lens barrel 410. The surface of the first spacer 431 opposite to the second spacer 432 (the right side of the figure) contacts the first surface S1 of the lens 420. The first horizontal straight line segment d 11 The lens portion connected to the first surface S1 contacts the first spacer 431. The second spacer 432 presses against the edge and above the second surface S2. The outer diameter surface of the second spacer 432 contacts the inner wall surface S0 of the lens barrel 410. The surface of the second spacer 432 opposite to the first spacer 431 (the left side of the diagram) contacts the second surface S2 of the lens 420. The second horizontal straight line segment d 12 The lens portion connected to the second surface S2 contacts the second spacer 432.

[0187] Optionally, the first horizontal straight segment d 11 Second horizontal straight segment d 12 The difference in outer diameter between the two surfaces is approximately the thickness of one first spacer ring 431. That is, in the radial direction Y of the lens 420, the height of the portion of the edge of the lens 420 that has been cut off is approximately the thickness of one first spacer ring 431. Alternatively, in the radial direction Y of the lens 420, the height difference between the height of the first surface S1 and the height of the second surface S2 is approximately the thickness of one first spacer ring 431. Thus, by directly pressing the first spacer ring 431 against the edge of the first surface S1 and the second spacer ring 432 against the edge of the second surface S2, a distance equal to the thickness of one first spacer ring 431 exists between the contact points of the first spacer ring 431 and the first surface S1 and the contact points of the second spacer ring 432 and the second surface S2 in the radial direction Y of the lens 420.

[0188] Based on the arrangement of the first spacer 431 and the second spacer 432, and the local contact between the lens barrel 410 and the lens 420, please refer to Figure 11d, which shows the deformation trend diagram corresponding to the structure shown in Figure 11c. Under high temperature conditions, the lens 420 undergoes free expansion. The lens barrel 410 compresses the lens 420 at the position of local contact with the edge of the lens 420. Since the lens barrel 410 is in local contact with the left edge of the lens 420, and the center position (T) of the local contact is to the left of the center of gravity position G of the lens 420, the compression of the lens barrel 410 will cause the lens 420 to deform to the right, as shown by the dotted line of the small dots in the figure. However, since the first spacer 431 on the left is farther from the center of gravity G of the lens 420 than the second spacer 432 on the right, the torque generated by the combination of the two spacers is equivalent to applying a force to the left side of the lens. In other words, the preload transmitted by the first spacer 431 and the second spacer 432 will cause the lens 420 to bulge to the left, as shown by the single-node line in the figure. This leftward bulging deformation caused by the first spacer 431 and the second spacer 432 can reduce or offset the rightward bulging deformation caused by the compression of the lens barrel 410. For example, by adjusting the local contact position T between the lens barrel 410 and the lens 420, the height difference between the first spacer 431 and the second spacer 432, and the preload, it can satisfy the above formula two, thus achieving the effect that the leftward bulging deformation caused by the first spacer 431 and the second spacer 432 completely offsets the rightward bulging deformation caused by the compression of the lens barrel 410, minimizing the high-temperature deformation of the lens 420.

[0189] In implementation scheme one, the outer diameter of the lens is divided into two segments in a stepped manner. The segment with a larger outer diameter contacts the lens barrel, while the segment with a smaller outer diameter is not in contact with the lens barrel. One side spacer contacts the edge of the larger outer diameter side of the lens, and the other side spacer contacts the edge of the smaller outer diameter side of the lens. This arrangement allows the lens to be subjected to a radial compressive force from the lens barrel, offset from the lens's center of gravity, and simultaneously to an axial preload force from the spacers on both sides, also offset from the lens's center of gravity. The deformation generated by the preload force can be used to reduce or counteract the deformation caused by the compressive force.

[0190] Implementation Plan 2

[0191] Please refer to Figure 12a, which shows a partial schematic diagram of the axial cross-section of an optical lens provided in Embodiment 2. In Figure 12a, (A), (B), and (C) represent the internal structure of the optical lens obtained after setting up the plano-convex lens, concave-convex lens, and biconvex lens shown in Figures 6 (A), (B), and (C) according to the partial contact method shown in the second example of the first row in Figure 8. This can be understood as follows: first, a piece is obliquely cut off the edge connecting to the convex surface of the plano-convex lens, concave-convex lens, and biconvex lens shown in Figures 6 (A), (B), and (C); then, the cut plano-convex lens, concave-convex lens, and biconvex lens are assembled into the lens barrel 410 through the first spacer 431 and the second spacer 432 of the columnar ring structure.

[0192] For example, taking the structure shown in Figure 12a(B) as an example, Figure 12b shows a three-dimensional assembly structure in which the first spacer 431 and the second spacer 432 fix the lens 420 in the lens barrel 410, and Figure 12c shows an axial cross-sectional view of the three-dimensional assembly structure. Combining Figures 12b and 12c, in embodiment two, the inner diameter of the inner wall surface S0 of the lens barrel 410 is the same, while the outer diameter of the edge of the lens 420 is different. Along the axial direction X of the lens 420, the edge of the lens 420 can be divided into a horizontal straight segment (d). 21 ) and inclined straight line segment (d 22 ), inclined straight segment d 22 It is presented in a chamfered form, also known as a chamfered segment. Horizontal straight line segment d 21 outer diameter W 21 Greater than the inclined straight line segment d 22 outer diameter W 22 The difference in their outer diameters is approximately the thickness of one first spacer ring 431. The horizontal straight segment d with the larger outer diameter... 21 The inclined straight segment d with a small outer diameter is in parallel contact with the inner wall surface S0 of the lens barrel 410. 22 It disengages from the inner wall surface S0 of the lens barrel 410. Horizontal straight segment d 21 Connecting the first surface S1 of lens 420, the inclined straight segment d 22 The second surface S2 of the connecting lens 420. The first spacer 431 presses against the edge of the first surface S1, horizontal straight segment d. 21 The lens portion connecting to the first surface S1 contacts the first spacer 431. The second spacer 432 presses against the edge of the second surface S2, with an inclined straight segment d. 22 The lens portion connected to the second surface S2 contacts the second spacer 432.

[0193] Based on the arrangement of the first spacer 431 and the second spacer 432, and the local contact between the lens barrel 410 and the lens 420, please refer to Figure 12d, which shows the deformation trend diagram corresponding to the structure shown in Figure 12c. Under high-temperature conditions, the lens 420 undergoes free expansion. Therefore, the lens barrel 410 will compress the lens 420 to the left in the figure, causing the lens 420 to deform to the right, as shown by the dotted line of the small dots in the figure. However, since the first spacer 431 on the left is farther from the center of gravity G of the lens 420 than the second spacer 432 on the right, the preload force transmitted by the first spacer 431 and the second spacer 432 will cause the lens 420 to deform to the left, as shown by the single-node line in the figure. By adjusting the local contact position T between the lens barrel 410 and the lens 420, the height difference between the first spacer 431 and the second spacer 432, and the preload, to satisfy the above formula 2, the deformation tendency of the leftward bulge generated by the first spacer 431 and the second spacer 432 can be completely offset by the deformation tendency of the rightward bulge generated by the compression of the lens barrel 410, so that the high-temperature deformation of the lens 420 is minimized.

[0194] In implementation scheme two, the outer diameter of the lens is divided into two segments in a stepped manner. One segment is in parallel contact with the lens barrel, while the other segment is a chamfered segment that is not in contact with the lens barrel. One side spacer contacts the edge of the larger outer diameter surface of the lens, and the other side spacer contacts the edge of the smaller outer diameter surface of the lens. This arrangement allows the lens to be subjected to radial bias from the lens barrel in the radial direction and axial bias from the spacers on both sides in the axial direction. By adjusting the position and magnitude of the radial and axial biases, the amount of bending deformation of the lens under high-temperature conditions can be adjusted.

[0195] Implementation Plan 3

[0196] Please refer to Figure 13a, which shows a partial schematic diagram of the axial cross-section of an optical lens provided in Embodiment 3. In Figure 13a, (A), (B), and (C) represent the internal structure of the optical lens obtained after setting up the plano-convex lens, concave-convex lens, and biconvex lens shown in Figures 6 (A), (B), and (C) according to the partial contact method shown in the first example of the first row in Figure 10. This can be understood as follows: first, a section of the inner wall of the lens barrel 410 is cut away around the perimeter; then, through the first spacer 431 of the columnar ring structure and the second spacer 432 of the stepped ring structure, the plano-convex lens, concave-convex lens, and biconvex lens shown in Figures 6 (A), (B), and (C) are assembled into the cut lens barrel 410.

[0197] For example, taking the structure shown in Figure 13a(B) as an example, Figure 13b shows a three-dimensional assembly structure in which the first spacer 431 and the second spacer 432 fix the lens 420 in the lens barrel 410, and Figure 13c shows an axial cross-sectional view of the three-dimensional assembly structure. Combining Figures 13b and 13c, in embodiment three, the outer diameter of the lens 420 is the same, while the inner diameter of the inner wall surface S0 of the lens barrel 410 is different. Along the axial direction X of the lens 420, the inner wall surface S0 of the lens barrel 410 can be divided into a horizontal straight segment (d...). 31 ) and horizontal straight line segment (d 32 ), horizontal straight line segment d 31 inner diameter W 31 Greater than the horizontal straight line segment d 32 inner diameter W 32 The horizontal straight segment d with a small inner diameter. 32 Contacting the edge of lens 420, the horizontal straight segment d with a large inner diameter. 31 The first spacer 431 is disengaged from the edge of the lens 420. In the radial direction Y of the lens 420, the outer diameter of the first spacer 431 is the same. The first spacer 431 presses against the edge of the first surface S1. The outer diameter surface of the first spacer 431 contacts the inner wall surface S0 of the lens barrel 410. The surface of the first spacer 431 opposite to the second spacer 432 contacts the first surface S1 of the lens 420. The second spacer 432 has a segmented stepped structure; that is, the outer diameter of the second spacer 432 is different. The segment with the larger outer diameter contacts the inner wall surface S0 of the lens barrel 410, while the segment with the smaller outer diameter, connected to the surface (relative to the surface of the first spacer 431), presses against the non-edge of the second surface S2. The difference between the pressing position of the first spacer 431 and the pressing position of the second spacer 432 is approximately the thickness of one first spacer 431.

[0198] Optionally, in the radial Y direction of the lens, the horizontal straight line segment d 31 and horizontal straight line segment d 32 The difference in inner diameter between the two must be at least 0.1 mm. That is, the depth of the groove on the inner wall of the lens barrel 410 must be at least 0.1 mm. The shallower the groove, the more difficult it is to fabricate; conversely, the deeper the groove, the less rigid the lens barrel 410 becomes. Setting the groove depth to be greater than or equal to 0.1 mm can reduce fabrication difficulty while maintaining the rigidity of the lens barrel 410 as much as possible.

[0199] Based on the arrangement of the first spacer 431 and the second spacer 432, and the local contact between the lens barrel 410 and the lens 420, please refer to Figure 13d, which shows the deformation trend diagram corresponding to the structure shown in Figure 13c. Under high-temperature conditions, the lens 420 undergoes free expansion. Since the inner wall surface S0 of the lens barrel 410 is in contact with the right edge of the lens 420 as shown in the figure, the lens barrel 410 will compress the lens 420 to the right. However, since the compression position is still located to the left of the center of gravity of the lens 420, this compression will cause the lens 420 to deform to the right, as shown by the dotted line of the small dots in the figure. Since the first spacer 431 on the left is farther from the center of gravity G of the lens 420 than the second spacer 432 on the right, the preload transmitted by the first spacer 431 and the second spacer 432 will cause the lens 420 to deform to the left, as shown by the single-node line in the figure. By adjusting the local contact position T between the lens barrel 410 and the lens 420, the height difference between the first spacer 431 and the second spacer 432, and the preload, to satisfy the above formula 2, the deformation tendency of the leftward bulge generated by the first spacer 431 and the second spacer 432 can be completely offset by the deformation tendency of the rightward bulge generated by the compression of the lens barrel 410, so that the high-temperature deformation of the lens 420 is minimized.

[0200] In implementation scheme three, a groove is cut into the inner wall of the lens barrel. The grooved section is not in contact with the lens, while some non-grooved sections are in contact with the lens. Simultaneously, the spacer corresponding to one side of the grooved section contacts the edge of one side of the lens, while the spacer corresponding to the non-grooved section is designed in a stepped shape. The larger outer diameter section of the step contacts the lens barrel, while the smaller outer diameter section's connecting surface contacts the non-edge of the lens. This design allows the lens to be subjected to radial bias from the lens barrel and axial bias from the spacers on both sides. By adjusting the position and magnitude of the radial and axial biases, the bending deformation of the lens under high-temperature conditions can be adjusted.

[0201] Implementation Plan 4

[0202] Please refer to Figure 14a, which shows a partial schematic diagram of the axial cross-section of an optical lens provided in Embodiment 4. In Figure 14a, (A), (B), and (C) represent the internal structure of the optical lens obtained after setting up the plano-convex lens, concave-convex lens, and biconvex lens shown in Figures 6 (A), (B), and (C) according to the partial contact method shown in the second example of the first row in Figure 10. This can be understood as follows: first, a section of the inner wall of the lens barrel 410 is cut away around the perimeter; then, the plano-convex lens, concave-convex lens, and biconvex lens shown in Figures 6 (A), (B), and (C) are assembled into the cut lens barrel 410 through the first spacer 431 of the columnar ring structure and the second spacer 432 of the trapezoidal ring structure.

[0203] For example, taking the structure shown in Figure 14a(B) as an example, Figure 14b shows a three-dimensional assembly structure in which the first spacer 431 and the second spacer 432 fix the lens 420 in the lens barrel 410, and Figure 14c shows an axial cross-sectional view of the three-dimensional assembly structure. Combining Figures 13c, 14b, and 14c, the lens 420, lens barrel 410, and first spacer 431 in Embodiment 4 are the same as those in Embodiment 3, the only difference being the second spacer 432. Specifically, the second spacer 432 in Embodiment 3 is L-shaped in axial cross-section, while the second spacer 432 in Embodiment 4 is trapezoidal in axial cross-section. In other words, in implementation scheme four, the second spacer 432 has a segmented chamfered structure. The outer diameter of the second spacer 432 varies, with the larger outer diameter segment being the chamfered segment. The surface connected to the largest outer diameter of the chamfered segment (i.e., the surface with the largest outer diameter) contacts the inner wall surface S0 of the lens barrel 410, while the surface connected to the smallest outer diameter of the chamfered segment (the left side of the diagram) contacts the second surface S2 of the lens 420. In the radial direction Y of the lens 420, the height difference of the chamfered segments is approximately the thickness of one first spacer 431.

[0204] Based on the aforementioned arrangement of the first spacer 431 and the second spacer 432, and the local contact method between the lens barrel 410 and the lens 420, please refer to Figure 14d, which shows the deformation trend diagram corresponding to the structure shown in Figure 14c. Under high-temperature conditions, the lens 420 undergoes free expansion, and the lens barrel 410 will compress the lens 420 to the right in the figure, causing the lens 420 to deform to the right, as shown by the dotted line of the small dots in the figure. However, since the first spacer 431 on the left is farther from the center of gravity of the lens 420 than the second spacer 432 on the right, the preload force transmitted by the first spacer 431 and the second spacer 432 will cause the lens 420 to deform to the left, as shown by the single-node line in the figure. By adjusting the local contact position T between the lens barrel 410 and the lens 420, the height difference between the first spacer 431 and the second spacer 432, and the preload, to satisfy the above formula 2, the deformation tendency of the leftward bulge generated by the first spacer 431 and the second spacer 432 can be completely offset by the deformation tendency of the rightward bulge generated by the compression of the lens barrel 410, so that the high-temperature deformation of the lens 420 is minimized.

[0205] In implementation scheme four, a groove is cut into the inner wall of the lens barrel. The grooved section is not in contact with the lens, while some non-grooved sections are in contact with the lens. Simultaneously, the spacer corresponding to one side of the grooved section contacts the edge of one face of the lens, while the spacer corresponding to the non-grooved section is designed with a stepped chamfer shape. The surface where the chamfered section connects at its minimum outer diameter contacts the lens, and the surface where the chamfered section connects at its maximum outer diameter contacts the lens barrel. This design allows the lens to be subjected to radial bias from the lens barrel in the radial direction and axial bias from the spacers on both sides in the axial direction. By adjusting the position and magnitude of the radial and axial biases, the amount of bending deformation of the lens under high-temperature conditions can be adjusted.

[0206] It is understood that the above description merely illustrates four possible implementation schemes of the optical lens provided in this application, and other implementation schemes may exist in actual scenarios. For example, other implementation schemes can be obtained by combining any lens shown in Figure 6 with any partial contact method shown in Figure 8, or any partial contact method shown in Figure 10, which will not be listed here.

[0207] Furthermore, any solution that adjusts the radial and / or axial bias of lens 420 so that the combined radial and axial bias of lens 420 is equivalent to zero is within the scope of protection of this application. For example, solutions different from the above embodiments one to four:

[0208] In another embodiment, referring to Figure 15a, the first spacer 431 can also press on the non-edge of the first surface S1 of the lens 420, and the second spacer 432 can also press on the non-edge of the second surface S2 of the lens 420, as long as it is ensured that there is a height difference between the first spacer 431 and the second spacer 432 in the radial Y direction of the lens 420.

[0209] In another embodiment, the first spacer 431 and the second spacer 432 may be configured to have no height difference in the radial direction of the lens 420. That is, the combination of the first spacer 431 and the second spacer 432 does not generate axial bias on the lens 420. In this case, multiple local contacts are simultaneously provided between the inner wall surface of the lens barrel 410 and the edge of the lens 420, and the multiple radial biases generated by these local contacts cancel each other out. For example, referring to Figure 15b, the inner wall surface of the lens barrel 410 and the edge of the lens 420 have a first local contact on the axial left side of the center of gravity G of the lens 420, and a second local contact is provided on the axial right side of the center of gravity G of the lens 420. The compressive force F corresponding to the first local contact... 31 The distance between the point of action and the center of gravity G of lens 420 is equal to the compressive force F corresponding to the second local contact. 32 The distance between the point of action and the center of gravity G of the lens 420, thus, the compressive force F corresponding to the first local contact. 31The resulting deformation trend and the compressive force F corresponding to the second local contact 32 The resulting deformation trends can just cancel each other out, thus achieving the effect of minimizing the deformation of the lens at 420°C.

[0210] In another embodiment, multiple local contacts may be provided between the inner wall surface of the lens barrel 410 and the edge of the lens 420, and a height difference may be provided between the first spacer 431 and the second spacer 432.

[0211] There are many other possible implementation schemes, which will not be listed here in this application.

[0212] Based on the structure and functional principles of the optical lens described above, this application can also provide a transmitting module, as shown in Figure 16. The transmitting module 1600 includes an optical lens 1610, which can be the optical lens in any of the above embodiments, such as the optical lens shown in any of the figures 4c, 5a, 5b, 8, 10, 11a to 11d, 12a to 12d, 13a to 13d, 14a to 14d, and 15a to 15b. Alternatively, the optical lens 1610 can include a lens and a spacer assembly in any of the above embodiments, such as the lens shown in Figure 6 or 9, and the spacer assembly shown in any of the figures 7a to 7c.

[0213] In one possible implementation, referring to Figure 16 above, the transmitting module 1600 may further include a light source assembly 1620 for emitting a light beam, and an optical lens 1610 for transmitting the light beam. The light beam may, exemplarily, be a laser beam. When emitting a laser beam, the light source assembly 1620 typically generates significant heat, causing the optical lens 1610 to operate at high temperatures. However, by configuring the optical lens 1610 according to the structure described in the above embodiment, the lens elements within the optical lens 1610 can exhibit minimal deformation, thereby ensuring better optical performance.

[0214] Optionally, the light source assembly 1620 may include a light source, such as a vertical cavity surface emitting laser (VCSEL), an edge emitting laser (EEL), a diode pumped solid state laser (DPSS), or a fiber laser.

[0215] In a further possible implementation, the optical lens 1610 can also be used to perform optical processing on the light beam emitted by the light source assembly 1620, and can transmit the optically processed light beam to the detection space. The optical processing may include, but is not limited to, collimation, beam expansion, and energy modulation. For example, the optical lens 1610 can collimate and / or expand and / or modulate the energy distribution in angular space of the received light beam, and can transmit the collimated and / or expanded and / or modulated light beam to the detection space.

[0216] It should be noted that the structure of the optical lens 1610 can be a structure that can collimate and / or expand and / or modulate the light beam. For example, it can be composed of multiple optical fibers and collimating lenses, or it can be a microlens array, or it can be a micro-optical system attached to the surface of the light source assembly. No specific limitation is made here.

[0217] Based on the structure and functional principle of the transmitting module described above, this application can also provide a detection device, as shown in Figure 17. The detection device 1700 can be, for example, a lidar. The detection device 1700 includes a transmitting module 1710, which can be the transmitting module in any of the above embodiments, such as the transmitting module 1600 shown in Figure 16.

[0218] In one possible implementation, referring to Figure 17 above, the detection device 1700 may further include a receiving module 1720 for receiving the light beam (also known as the echo signal) reflected back by the target. Optionally, the receiving module 1720 may include a detection component and a receiving optical system for transmitting the echo signal from the target to the detection component, which may convert the echo signal into an electrical signal. The receiving optical system typically uses the same optical lens as the transmitting optical component, and the optical lens itself is based on a rotationally symmetric imaging optical design. This facilitates reducing the cost of the detection device, increasing the reusability of optical components, and simplifying the assembly and adjustment of the detection device.

[0219] In a further possible implementation, referring to Figure 17 above, the detection device 1700 may also include a scanning module 1730, which is used to scan the beam from the transmitting module 1710 into the detection space. In some scenarios, the scanning module 1730 may also scan the beam reflected back from the target into the receiving module 1720, such as the receiving optical system in the receiving module 1720.

[0220] In a further possible implementation, referring to Figure 17 above, the detection device 1700 may also include a processing module 1740, which can be used to receive electrical signals from the detection component, generate corresponding point cloud data based on the electrical signals, and determine the associated information of the target.

[0221] For example, when the detection device 1700 is installed in a vehicle, the processing module 1740 can acquire the vehicle's latitude and longitude, speed, orientation, or related information (such as the distance to the target, the speed of the target, and / or the attitude of the target) of targets within a certain range (such as other vehicles, pedestrians, or obstacles) in real time or periodically. Further, optionally, the processing module 1740 can also send this acquired information to control devices in the vehicle, enabling the control devices to perform path planning, braking, or starting of the vehicle based on this information. For example, the vehicle's position can be determined using latitude and longitude, or the vehicle's direction of travel and destination in the future can be determined using speed and orientation, or the number and density of obstacles around the vehicle can be determined using the distance to surrounding objects. Further, optionally, it can also be combined with the functions of an advanced driving assistance system (ADAS) to achieve assisted driving or autonomous driving of the vehicle.

[0222] For example, the processing module 1740 can be a circuit with signal (or data) processing capabilities. In one implementation, the processing module can be a circuit with instruction read and execute capabilities, such as a central processing unit (CPU), microprocessor, graphics processing unit (GPU) (which can be understood as a type of microprocessor), or digital signal processor (DSP). In another implementation, the processing module can implement certain functions through the logical relationships of hardware circuits. These logical relationships are fixed or reconfigurable. For example, the processing module can be a hardware circuit implemented using an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) or a programmable logic device (PLD), such as a field-programmable gate array (FPGA). In a reconfigurable hardware circuit, the process of the processing module loading a configuration document and configuring the hardware circuit can be understood as the process of the processing module loading instructions to implement some or all of the functions of the above units. Furthermore, processing modules can also be hardware circuits designed for artificial intelligence, which can be understood as a type of ASIC, such as a neural network processing unit (NPU), tensor processing unit (TPU), deep learning processing unit (DPU), etc. They can also be application processors (APs), image signal processors (ISPs), or other programmable logic devices, transistor logic devices, hardware components, or any combination thereof. Different processing modules can be independent devices or integrated into one or more processors.

[0223] It should be noted that the detection device architecture shown in Figure 17 is only an example. In other examples, the detection device may include more, fewer, or different structures, and each structure may include more, fewer, or different components. For example, in another example, referring to Figure 17, the detection device 1700 may also include a window for transmitting a light beam.

[0224] Based on the structure and functional principles of the detection device described above, this application can also provide a terminal device. This terminal device may include any of the detection devices described above, such as the detection device shown in Figure 17.

[0225] For example, the terminal device may be a vehicle (e.g., driverless car, smart car, electric car, or digital car), robot, surveying equipment, drone, smart home device (e.g., television, robot vacuum cleaner, smart lamp, audio system, smart lighting system, electrical control system, home background music, home theater system, intercom system, or video surveillance), smart manufacturing equipment (e.g., industrial equipment), smart transportation equipment (e.g., AGV, driverless vehicle, or truck), or smart terminal (mobile phone, computer, tablet, PDA, desktop computer, headphones, audio equipment, wearable device, in-vehicle device, virtual reality device, augmented reality device, etc.).

[0226] Based on the structure and functional principle of the optical lens described above, this application can also provide an optical display device, which may include any of the optical lenses mentioned above, such as the optical lenses shown in any of the figures 4c, 5a, 5b, 8, 10, 11a to 11d, 12a to 12d, 13a to 13d, 14a to 14d, and 15a to 15b.

[0227] For example, the optical display device may include, but is not limited to, HUD, projector, AR device, VR device, or MR device, wherein the AR device may include, but is not limited to, AR glasses or AR helmet, the VR device may include, but is not limited to, VR glasses or VR helmet, and the MR device may include, but is not limited to, MR glasses or MR helmet.

[0228] In this application, "at least one" means one or more, and "more than one" means two or more. "And / or" describes the relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can represent: A alone, A and B simultaneously, or B alone, where A and B can be singular or plural. In the textual description of this application, the character " / " generally indicates that the preceding and following related objects are in an "or" relationship. Additionally, in this application, "exemplarily," "optionally," or other similar expressions are used to indicate examples, illustrations, or explanations. Any embodiment or design described as "exemplary," "optional," or other similar expressions in this application should not be construed as preferred or advantageous over other embodiments or designs. Alternatively, it can be understood that the use of the terms "exemplary" or "optional" is intended to present concepts in a specific manner and does not constitute a limitation of this application.

[0229] It is understood that the various numerical designations used in this application are merely for descriptive convenience and are not intended to limit the scope of the embodiments of this application. The order of the process numbers described above does not imply the order of execution; the execution order of each process should be determined by its function and inherent logic. Terms such as "first," "second," and similar expressions are used to distinguish similar objects and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. Furthermore, the terms "comprising" and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such as including a series of steps or units. A method, system, product, or device is not necessarily limited to those steps or units explicitly listed, but may include other steps or units not explicitly listed or inherent to these processes, methods, products, or devices.

Claims

An optical lens, characterized in that, include: Lens barrel, lens, and spacer assembly; The spacer assembly secures the lens inside the lens barrel; The edge of the lens is in partial contact with the inner wall surface of the lens barrel; The spacer assembly includes a first spacer and a second spacer, wherein the first spacer contacts a first surface of the lens and the second spacer contacts a second surface of the lens. In the radial direction of the lens, there is a first distance between the contact position of the first spacer and the center of gravity of the lens, and a second distance between the contact position of the second spacer and the center of gravity of the lens, wherein the first distance and the second distance are different. The optical lens as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Along the axial direction of the lens, the location of the partial contact is in a first direction relative to the center of gravity of the lens, the first direction being the direction of the first surface of the lens relative to the center of gravity of the lens, and the first distance being greater than the second distance. The optical lens as described in claim 2 is characterized in that, Along the axial direction of the lens, there is a third distance between the location of the partial contact and the center of gravity of the lens, and the first distance, the second distance, and the third distance satisfy the following condition: F3×d3=F×(d1-d2) Wherein, F3 is the force applied by the lens barrel to the lens, d3 is the third distance, d1 is the first distance, d2 is the second distance, and F is the preload force of the spacer assembly. The optical lens as described in any one of claims 1 to 3 is characterized in that, The inner diameter of the inner wall of the lens barrel is the same, while the outer diameter of the lens edge is different. The optical lens as described in claim 4 is characterized in that, Along the axial direction of the lens, the edge of the lens includes a first segment and a second segment. The outer diameter of the first segment is larger than the outer diameter of the second segment. The first segment is in contact with the inner wall surface of the lens barrel, while the second segment is not in contact with the inner wall surface of the lens barrel. The optical lens as described in claim 5 is characterized in that, The first segment is connected to the first surface, the second segment is connected to the second surface, the lens portion of the first segment connected to the first surface contacts the first spacer, and the lens portion of the second segment connected to the second surface contacts the second spacer. The optical lens as described in claim 5 or 6 is characterized in that, On the axial cross-section of the lens, the first segment or the second segment is a straight line, an oblique line, a curve, or an arc. The optical lens as described in any one of claims 4 to 7 is characterized in that, In the radial direction of the lens, the first surface and the second surface have different heights, the first spacer presses on the edge of the first surface, and the second spacer presses on the edge of the second surface. The optical lens as described in any one of claims 1 to 3 is characterized in that, The outer diameter of the lens edges is the same, while the inner diameter of the inner wall surface of the lens barrel is different. The optical lens as described in claim 9 is characterized in that, Along the axial direction of the lens, the inner wall surface of the lens barrel includes a third section and a fourth section. The inner diameter of the third section is smaller than the inner diameter of the fourth section. The third section contacts the edge of the lens, while the fourth section does not contact the edge of the lens. The optical lens as described in claim 9 or 10 is characterized in that, In the radial direction of the lens, the first surface and the second surface are at the same height, the first spacer presses on the edge of the first surface, and the second spacer presses on the non-edge of the second surface. The optical lens as described in any one of claims 1 to 11 is characterized in that, One side of the first spacer contacts the inner wall of the lens barrel, and the other side contacts the first surface of the lens; one side of the second spacer contacts the inner wall of the lens barrel, and the other side contacts the second surface of the lens. The optical lens as described in any one of claims 1 to 12 is characterized in that, The surface of the lens in the first axial direction is flat, or includes multiple segments, with the segment in contact with the first spacer or the second spacer being flat, and the middle segment being curved inward or outward; the surface of the lens in the second axial direction includes multiple segments, with the segment in contact with the second spacer or the first spacer being flat, and the middle segment being curved outward. Wherein, the surface of the lens in the first axial direction is the first surface, and the surface of the lens in the second axial direction is the second surface, or the surface of the lens in the first axial direction is the second surface, and the surface of the lens in the second axial direction is the first surface. The optical lens as described in any one of claims 1 to 13 is characterized in that, The difference between the first distance and the second distance is equal to the thickness of the first spacer. The optical lens as described in any one of claims 1 to 14 is characterized in that, On the axial cross-section of the lens, the first spacer or the second spacer is rectangular, trapezoidal, stepped, or L-shaped. The optical lens as described in any one of claims 1 to 15 is characterized in that, The lens is a plastic lens, a glass lens, or a glass-plastic composite lens. The optical lens as described in any one of claims 1 to 16 is characterized in that, The spacer assembly is independent of the lens barrel, or it is integrally formed with the lens barrel. A transmitting module, characterized in that, Includes the optical lens as described in any one of claims 1 to 17. The transmitting module as described in claim 18, characterized in that, It also includes a light source assembly; The light source assembly is used to emit a light beam; The optical lens is used to transmit the light beam. A detection device, characterized in that, Includes the launch module as described in claim 18 or 19. A terminal device, characterized in that, Includes the detection device as described in claim 20.

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