Storage water heater for using solar radiation

Abstract

The present invention relates to a storage water heater for using solar radiation, which comprises a cover with a prominent hemispherical dome for capturing more sun rays, and a tank arranged below the cover and coupled inside a water tank, which is coupled inside a water tank, wherein, as a result of the thermosiphon effect generated by the impact of the solar radiation, hot water is concentrated in the upper part and ambient temperature (cold) water is concentrated in the bottom part of the water tank, the hot and cold water being usable for domestic supply, since a filling line located in the upper part of the tank extends at right angles towards the deepest part of the tank with a tube that receives and carries the ambient temperature (cold) water downwards and, with a diffuser, the incoming ambient temperature (cool) water is dispersed, thereby preventing the cold water from mixing with the hot water. The hot water concentrated in the upper part is supplied by means of a hot water supply outlet located in the central part of the tank located inside the water tank, wherein the hot water is drawn by means of a flexible floating tube connected to the hot water supply outlet, for which purpose a flotation buoy keeps the opposite end of the flexible tube held up. The ambient temperature (cool) water is also used by means of a supply outlet for ambient temperature water, located in the bottom part of the water tank.

Description

[0001] Solar thermal tank for harnessing solar radiation

[0002] TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION

[0003] The present invention relates to water heaters, tanks, water tanks, structures, equipment, and apparatus that use solar radiation for the purpose of heating water. In particular, the present invention relates to a tank that is placed inside a water tank and its lid in such a way that solar radiation is used for heating water.

[0004] BACKGROUND

[0005] There are several types of installations for storing and supplying water for domestic use, intended for human consumption, so it is important to consider their arrangement and management to ensure hygiene and well-being; however, due to particular uses of water, it is necessary to heat it, which is done through the consumption of energy sources such as electricity, gas or wood.

[0006] For decades, in most countries of the world, the use and exploitation of solar energy in homes has been promoted, either to generate electricity or, taking advantage of the thermal effect of solar radiation to heat water for sanitary use, this latter application being the object of the present invention.Because domestic water tanks are typically located on rooftops or outdoors, they are exposed to sunlight, which can cause the water inside to heat up. This is the aim of improving the efficiency of the solar thermal system by utilizing the solar radiation present in a tank located inside the water tank described in this application. This innovative invention achieves better solar radiation capture to heat the water inside, providing a constant supply of hot and cold water to homes without the use of solar panels, heating elements, batteries, pumps, or any other device or component that stores, transmits, or transforms thermal energy.

[0007] The cylindrical water tanks currently available, even when exposed to solar radiation for several hours, do not achieve the desired effect of maximizing or utilizing the heating of the water inside. This is because they lack solar radiation-capturing components, elements that amplify the thermosiphon effect, and components that take advantage of the temperature difference within the tank for domestic sanitary use. Therefore, the incidence of solar radiation is a natural resource that goes untapped.

[0008] On the other hand, in the cylindrical water tanks currently available, the water supply outlet to homes is commonly at the bottom. However, due to the thermosiphon effect that occurs when a fluid is heated and rises because its density decreases, the hot water, being less dense, concentrates at the top and the cold water at the bottom. Therefore, since the water supply outlet to homes is at the bottom of the tank, the water that comes out is cold, even if the tank has been exposed to several hours of solar radiation; it only supplies cold or ambient temperature water.

[0009] For its part, the Utility Model Title document MX 5364 discloses a domestic water tank that harnesses solar radiation to obtain hot water, without solar panels, resistors, batteries, or any other device or component that stores, transmits, or transforms thermal energy; since, due to its irregular shape, it captures solar radiation and, through the thermosiphon effect, the hot water concentrates at the top and the cold water at the bottom; this irregular shape consists of a cylindrical base container area of ​​larger diameter, where the cold water is concentrated, followed upwards by an inverted and truncated conical container area, with the smaller diameter end facing upwards, which acts as a solar radiation collector, followed upwards by a cylindrical area that serves as a thermal container where the water with a higher temperature is concentrated.

[0010] This solution has drawbacks because the function of keeping the hot water concentrated at the top is not fulfilled. This is due to the constant influx of ambient (cold) water from the filler flange located at the top of the tank. This ambient (cold) water falls and mixes with the already heated water, thus lowering its temperature. Furthermore, because the hot water supply flange is located at the top of the cylindrical area that serves as the thermal container, when the water level drops due to consumption, even if hot water remains, it cannot be supplied because the hot water level will be below the supply flange. This will again result in ambient (cold) water falling from the filler flange at the top of the tank and mixing with the already heated water, further lowering its temperature.

[0011] Patent application MX 2010012274 A discloses a storage tank for hot and cold water using solar panels. Connected to the tank, the hot water is kept at the top and the cold water at the bottom. The cold (or ambient temperature) water supply is conveyed through a feed pipe that runs to the bottom of the tank. This pipe connects to a solar panel positioned to capture sunlight, heating the water inside the solar panel. The increased temperature causes the hot water to rise to the top of the solar panel, where it is then transferred to the tank via a second connection at the top. Meanwhile, the cold water at the bottom of the tank tends to sink and remain there.Hot water from the top of the tank flows out through a connection at the top, while cold water flows out through a connection at the bottom. The hot water is heated within the tank itself, using a heat exchanger to create a different pressure in the hot water line compared to the cold water line. The tank is also lined with thermal insulation on its upper surface to help retain the heat inside.

[0012] This solution has drawbacks because the function of storing hot and cold water through solar panels demands a significant investment of resources, not considering the connections, the water tank, installation, and maintenance; likewise, lining the water tank with thermal insulation to keep the concentrated water at the top hot requires another investment in materials, installation, and maintenance, which together constitute a costly implementation and also increases the number of parts in the water tank, making it more complex and increasing the probability of failure.Likewise, although the hot water from the top of the tank comes out through a connection at the top of the tank, at a certain point when the water level drops because it is being consumed, and even though there is still hot water in the tank, it cannot be supplied since the hot water level will be below that connection at the top of the tank, and eventually it will happen that, because the cold water inlet is located at the top of the tank, the temperature will decrease.

[0013] Patent document ES 2007716 discloses a solar energy collection system for heating viscous fluids using a viscous fluid. The system comprises a conventional flat-plate solar collector, positioned to maximize solar radiation, and a thermally well-insulated viscous fluid reservoir. It also includes a piping system, using pumps, that connects the reservoir to the collector. The system uses a viscous fluid, such as fuel oil, mineral, animal, or vegetable oils, etc., which acts as a heat absorber, heat transfer fluid, heat storage fluid, and fluid to be heated.

[0014] This invention has drawbacks for use in domestic water tanks, since the solar energy capture function is for and by viscous fluids, that is, those that resist flow, such as fuel oil; whereas water has a low viscosity, so the technical problem is not relevant to our discussion. Furthermore, the thermally insulated viscous fluid tank, the piping system using pumps, or a pump system, require a significant investment of resources, not even considering the tank, the viscous fluid, the installation, and maintenance; all of this together constitutes a costly implementation.and it also increases the number of parts in the system, making it more complex and increasing the probability of failure. Patent document MX 348302 discloses a solar preheater comprising a central body having a base and an outer cover, a storage tank, a solar absorber configured between the base and the cover, a cold liquid inlet tube having a first end extending through the solar collection surface and passing through the outer cover, and a second end extending through an opening and curving upwards to discharge into the lower inner portion of the storage tank;It also has a hot liquid outlet tube where its first end extends through the solar collector surface and beyond the outer cover, while its second end extends through the opening and curves upwards to discharge into the first upper internal portion of the storage tank; it also has a storage tank disposed between the solar absorber and the base and configured to receive the cold liquid inlet tube in a lower portion and the hot liquid outlet tube in an upper portion; it also has a plurality of solar collector tubes, a plurality of solar collector fins, a first and second thermal collection mechanism, and a central tube within the storage tank that supports the solar heater and includes a plurality of upper and lower holes to allow liquid transfer.

[0015] This invention comprises an insulated preheater that is not related to being placed in domestic water tanks; it also incorporates two thermal collection mechanisms and three tubes: one for the inlet of cold liquid, another for the outlet of hot liquid, both of which extend through the solar collection surface, and a central tube, whose function is to support the solar heater and which also includes a plurality of upper and lower holes to allow the transfer of liquid; such technical characteristics are not presented in this invention.

[0016] Furthermore, the solar preheater requires a significant investment of resources, not to mention installation and maintenance; all together, it constitutes a costly implementation; and it also increases the number of parts, making it more complex and increasing the probability of failure.

[0017] The improvement presented by this invention is that the tank, located inside the water tank, efficiently harnesses solar radiation during the day to heat the water inside. Through the thermosiphon effect, the hotter, less dense water rises to the top, while the cooler water settles to the bottom. This allows for the supply of domestic hot water at two different temperatures without the consumption of electricity, fuel gas, wood, or any other energy source used to provide hot water, and without the need for pumps, solar panels, mechanisms, devices, or extra components that require more energy and investment.Furthermore, in the present invention, unlike prior art, the hot water supply outlet is located in the middle of the tank, which is placed inside the water storage tank. The hot water flows through the tank, thus improving the efficiency of hot water consumption for a longer period and reducing energy use from electricity, fuel gas, wood, or any other source used for heating water. A flexible floating tube connected to this hot water supply outlet is used to supply the hot water. At its opposite end, a float keeps the tube raised, ensuring that the hottest water concentrated in the upper part of the tank is drawn in.

[0018] Also, unlike previous designs, for the constant filling of ambient (cold) water from the fill line located at the top of the tank, so that it does not cool the already heated water, a tube extends from the fill line to the deepest part of the tank located inside the tank, which has at its lower end, a water diffuser so that the entry of cold water spreads out, loses force and does not cause turbulence or sudden changes of direction, thus preventing the cold water from mixing with the hot water.Although the patent application document MX 2010012274 A describes a feeder pipe that leads to the deepest part of the water tank, it does not have a diffuser at its lower end or any device to help prevent turbulence in the water and avoid mixing hot and cold water. Furthermore, in that prior art, the feeder pipe also has a bifurcation-type connection towards its middle part, which connects to a solar panel, so its function is not the same as in the present invention.

[0019] BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0020] The present invention relates to a solar water heater for harnessing solar radiation, in which a tank is placed inside a domestic water tank. This tank, besides serving to store water in homes, captures and utilizes the solar radiation that falls on its lid (upper solar collector) and on the walls of the tank (lower solar collector) in order to heat the water inside and reduce energy consumption from electricity, fuel gas, wood, or any other source used to provide hot and ambient (cold) water for domestic use. The system includes auxiliary elements that support the supply process. This tank is placed inside the water tank, which preferably has a storage capacity of 1000 liters, and is designed to efficiently utilize solar radiation to heat the water contained within.By reducing the consumption of other sources used to provide hot water for sanitary use in homes, a novel water heater is implemented that efficiently concentrates hot water in a specific part of the tank and ambient (cold) water in another specific part for supply to homes. Together with its lid and supporting elements, it improves the capture and use of solar radiation and concentrates and maintains the storage of hot water in the upper part of the tank, which is located inside the water tank, through the thermosiphon effect generated by the incidence of solar radiation. This radiation is captured by the lid (upper solar collector). The lid features a semi-spherical dome at its top that increases thermal conductivity and the emitted infrared radiation, which...The radiation is directed from the underside of the lid to a disc; and preferably, said lid has a top cover. On the other hand, on the upper edge of the tank (the tank's opening) is the disc that covers, condenses, and retains the stored evaporated water. Its upper surface, which is matte black, emits radiation to the underside, which is silvered like a mirror, which in turn reflects the radiation vertically downwards onto the water mass.

[0021] Likewise, the tank has a perimeter surface, in which there is at least one row of vertically aligned and equidistant holes, which are arranged from the middle upwards of said perimeter surface of the tank, which allow the entry of hot water generated in the perimeter walls of the tank, into the interior of the tank, adding to the already hot water concentrated in the upper part.

[0022] This tank also has two outlets on its perimeter surface that lead to the water tank. One outlet is slightly below its middle part to allow the less hot water from the middle part of the tank to flow and be reintegrated by thermosiphon to the upper part where the hotter water is concentrated, and a lower outlet that is located on the perimeter surface of the tank to allow the cooler water to flow to the water tank.

[0023] To achieve water heating in two stages (upper solar collector and lower solar collector), the tank, preferably of irregular shape, is intended for the collection of solar radiation, whose configuration is defined by a first conical part (lower solar collector), whose larger diameter is located at the bottom, and a second substantially cylindrical part above the first conical part, whose upper extreme part is a neck of the tank.In addition, with its supporting elements, the ambient (cold) water is directed downwards, thus making the generation, maintenance, and supply of hot water more efficient; since in the tank located inside the water tank, a temperature difference is generated in the contained water that can easily reach the point where several hundred liters in the upper part have higher temperatures, while the ambient temperature water remains at the bottom of the tank.

[0024] The thermal contribution generated to the water by solar radiation and concentrated in the upper area can be used through a hot water supply outlet located in the middle part of the tank, which is placed inside the water tank and extends and exits through the adjacent wall of the water tank, thus enabling a connection in the middle part intended for the supply of hot water.

[0025] Likewise, by means of a flexible floating tube connected to said hot water supply outlet, the higher temperature water that is concentrated in the upper part of the tank is taken, where the end opposite the hot water supply connection is left free, remaining above by a floating float that holds it, in this way it is possible to have hot water for sanitary use without the consumption of energy sources such as electricity, gas or wood.

[0026] Furthermore, to prevent the heated water from cooling down, since ambient (cold) water enters the tank from the outside at the top of the tank (13) via the fill line, which carries the ambient (cold) water to the inside at the top of its perimeter, this fill line extends vertically downwards through a pipe to the deepest part of the tank. This pipe has a water diffuser at its lower end to disperse the incoming ambient (cold) water, reducing its force and preventing turbulence. The float mechanism, which regulates the water level to prevent overflow or emptying, is also located at the top of this fill line.

[0027] On the other hand, at the bottom of the tank, there is a supply outlet for the cooler water. This allows for a supply of both hot and cold water to homes without the need for pumps, solar panels, or other devices or components that require more energy and investment. The preferred material for manufacturing the tank is polyethylene, as this raw material makes the tanks lightweight, waterproof, easy to transport, and weather-resistant, which also facilitates installation. Black is preferred due to its thermal absorption properties, ideal for this purpose. It may also contain a phase-change material that changes at 50°C, preventing excessive water heating during the day and protecting the tank's integrity, since polyethylene has a deflection temperature above the phase-change point.

[0028] The material required to manufacture the tank that is placed inside the water tank is recommended to be a thermoplastic that can be made by rotomolding mixed with insulating elements, such as polypropylene, which in a preferred form can contain in an encapsulated form a material that changes phase at 50 degrees, such as paraffin, so that it absorbs thermal energy during the day by changing phase from solid to liquid and delivers it at night by changing again from liquid to solid, improving the thermal and insulating qualities of the thermal tank.

[0029] The material required to manufacture the lid is recommended to be a thermoplastic such as polypropylene, preferably with some compound such as graphene that increases thermal conductivity and the emitted infrared radiation that, through the underside of the lid, is directed to the disc.

[0030] For the material required to manufacture the top cover for the lid, a thermoplastic with resistance to weathering, impacts and aging is recommended, such as polycarbonate, which in turn is lightweight, transmits light without distortion, is moldable and adapts to any surface thanks to its dimensional stability.

[0031] The material required to manufacture the disc that covers, condenses and retains the stored evaporated water, whose upper face is matte black and the back face is mirror silver, preferably made of aluminum.

[0032] The water tank with a lid also preferably offers a general wrap-around bag-type cover that is placed from top to bottom, which creates a greenhouse effect if it is necessary to further contain the temperature of the water inside, and which can be removed at the desired time.

[0033] In a preferred modality, the tank that is irregularly shaped intended for the collection of solar radiation whose configuration is defined by a first conical part (lower solar collector), whose larger diameter is located at the bottom, and a second substantially cylindrical part above the first conical part, whose upper extreme part is a neck of the tank.

[0034] In an unillustrated version, the tank that is placed inside the water tank for the use of solar radiation can be attached to the inside of a standard or usual cylindrical water tank for domestic sanitary use and is also adaptable to its capacities.

[0035] BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

[0036] Figure 1 shows a preferred embodiment of the present invention, illustrating a longitudinal cross-sectional front view of the solar water heater, showing the tank located inside a water tank, as well as the supporting elements that make it up and their arrangement for proper operation.

[0037] Figure 2 illustrates a front view of the preferred modality, showing the external channels of the lid, and additionally showing the solar thermal tank with a general wrap-around cover over the tank, whose function is to increase the efficiency of solar energy capture, increasing the temperature inside the tank.

[0038] DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0039] The present invention relates to a solar water heater for harnessing solar radiation.

[0040] The water heater comprises a tank (13) configured by an upper portion (T1) and a lower portion (T2); said lower portion (T2) has a substantially cylindrical configuration intended for the storage of cold water, while the upper portion (T1) preferably has an irregular shape intended for the collection of solar radiation whose configuration is defined by a first conical part (t3), whose larger diameter is located at the bottom (lower solar collector), and a second substantially cylindrical part (t4) above the first conical part, at the upper end of which is the neck (13') of the tank (13).Likewise, towards the top, on the upper edge of the tank or mouth of the tank, there is a disc (104) preferably made of aluminum, which covers, condenses and retains the stored evaporated water, preventing it from spilling out of the tank, whose upper face, which is matte black, emits radiation to the lower face, which is silvered like a mirror, which in turn reflects the radiation vertically downwards to the mass of water.

[0041] In a preferred embodiment, the material required to manufacture the water tank (13) is polyethylene and preferably black in color due to its thermal absorption properties suitable for this purpose; and preferably it may contain a phase change material that changes at 50C, thus preventing excessive heating of the water during the day and protecting the integrity of the water tank (13), since polyethylene has a deflection temperature above the phase change.

[0042] A tank (100) is placed inside the water tank (13), preferably the latter with a capacity of 1000 liters.

[0043] Said tank (100), which is placed inside the water tank (13), is preferably cylindrical and is coupled to the inside of the neck of the water tank (13') by means of fastening elements, such as spacers. Said tank (100) has a smooth internal surface to prevent the growth of bacteria and facilitate its cleaning. Likewise, the tank (100) has an external surface with a plurality of longitudinal and preferably straight external channels or guides (101), which are equidistant from each other to promote the circulation of the water contained in the water tank (13), where, by the thermosiphon effect, said water rises through the plurality of external channels (101) when heated, adding to the already heated water in the upper part.

[0044] Likewise, the tank (100) has a perimeter surface, in which there is at least one row of holes (14), aligned vertically and equidistant from each other, which are arranged from the middle upwards of said perimeter surface of the tank, which allow the entry of the hot water generated in the perimeter walls of the tank (13) into the interior of the tank (100) and, by the thermosiphon effect, that water is directed upwards, adding to the already hot water concentrated in the upper part.This tank (100) also has two outlets on its perimeter surface that flow into the water tank, one outlet is slightly below its middle part (102) to allow the less hot water from the middle part of the tank (100) to pass and reintegrate it by thermosiphon effect to the upper part where the water of higher temperature is concentrated and, a lower outlet (103) that is arranged on the perimeter surface of the tank (100) to allow the water of lower temperature to pass to the water tank.

[0045] Regarding the material required to manufacture the tank (100) that is placed inside the water tank (13), a thermoplastic suitable for rotomolding mixed with insulating elements, such as polypropylene, is recommended. In a preferred form, it can contain encapsulated a phase change material at 50 degrees, such as paraffin, to absorb thermal energy during the day by changing from solid to liquid and release it at night by changing from liquid to solid again, improving the thermal and insulating qualities of the thermo tank.

[0046] A lid (10) is attached to the tank by means of safety and adjustment, such as wing nuts in embedded bushings or a half-turn thread; where said lid (10) has a prominent semi-spherical dome (10') at its top (upper solar collector), to capture a greater solar incidence, which has a plurality of guides or channels, straight and equidistant from each other, both on its external and internal surface, so that it defines external channels (11 ) and internal channels (11 '), where both the external and internal channels (11 , 11 ') extend from the highest point of the dome and are directed towards a lower edge of the lid (10) to promote the circulation of both air through said external channels or guides (11 ), and of internal water through its internal channels or guides (11 ');The lid (10) functions as a high thermal emissivity parabolic collector, thereby adding to the use of solar radiation since it increases thermal conductivity and the emitted infrared radiation which, through the lower face of the lid, is directed to the disc (104).;

[0047] Regarding the material required to manufacture the lid (10), a thermoplastic such as polypropylene is recommended, preferably with some compound such as graphene that increases thermal conductivity and the emitted infrared radiation which, through the lower face of the lid, is directed to the disc.

[0048] Also, on the lid there is preferably a top cover (12), which is substantially transparent and smooth, which covers the lid dome (10) to maximize the absorption of solar radiation by creating a greenhouse effect, increasing the temperature inside.

[0049] Regarding the material required to manufacture the top cover (12) for the lid, a thermoplastic with resistance to weathering, impacts, and aging, such as polycarbonate, is recommended. This material is lightweight, transmits light without distortion, is moldable, and adapts to any surface thanks to its dimensional stability. The water heater also features a fill line (15) that enters from the outside at the top of the tank (13) and into the inside of the tank (100) at the top of its perimeter surface. This is where ambient (cold) water enters, replenishing the consumed water. The float mechanism (16), which regulates the water level to prevent the tank (13) from overflowing or running dry, is also located here.This filling line extends vertically downwards using a tube (17) to the deepest part of the tank to introduce ambient (cold) water into the tank and direct it downwards, presenting at its lower end, a water diffuser (18) so that the ambient (cold) water entering is spread out and loses force at the bottom of the tank (13) and does not cause turbulence or sudden changes of direction, forcing the ambient (cold) water to remain at the bottom, thus preventing the cold water from mixing with the hot water.

[0050] Likewise, the supply of hot water concentrated in the upper part is by means of a hot water supply outlet (19) located in a middle part of the tank (100) and which exits through the adjacent wall of the tank (13), in a lower area of ​​the second cylindrical part (t4) of the upper portion (T1) of the tank (13), which allows the consumption of the higher temperature water that is concentrated in the upper part of the tank and, by means of a floating flexible tube (20) connected to said hot water supply outlet (19) located in the middle part of the tank, the higher temperature water that is concentrated in the upper part of the tank is taken; for this purpose the opposite end of the flexible tube, the one that remains free, must be kept above, for which purpose, there is a float (21) that holds said end, the one that remains free, to keep it above;This way it is possible to have hotter water for a longer time / in a longer quantity.

[0051] Likewise, the ambient temperature (cold) water concentrated in the lower part is used by means of an ambient temperature water supply outlet (22) located at the bottom of the tank; thus it is possible to have hot and cold water supply to homes without major implications of fuels, pumps, devices or extra components that demand more energy or other types of energy.

[0052] The water heater, which has a tank located inside the water tank, may also have a general cover (23) of the wrap-around type, which forms a chamber that creates a greenhouse effect when it is necessary to retain more heat radiation in the contained water. This general cover can be put on and taken off as needed. It is preferably made of ETFE, a lightweight and durable fluorinated plastic material that resists corrosion, temperature, and UV and gamma rays. Although the specific embodiments of the invention have been described in detail above, this description is merely for illustrative purposes. Therefore, it should be appreciated that many aspects of the invention were described above only as examples and were not intended as required or essential elements of the invention, unless explicitly stated otherwise.Several modifications of, and equivalent steps corresponding to the described aspects of the alternative modalities, in addition to those described above, can be made by a person of ordinary skill in the art who has the benefit of this description, without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, as defined in the following claims, the scope of which is to be given the broadest interpretation to encompass such modifications and equivalent water heaters.

Claims

CLAIMS 1. A solar water heater, said water heater comprising a storage tank and a tank placed and coupled inside it, wherein the storage tank (13) comprises: an upper portion (T1); and a lower portion (T2), wherein said lower portion (T2) has a cylindrical configuration intended for the storage of cold water, and wherein said upper portion (T1) has an irregular shape intended for the capture of solar radiation whose configuration is defined by a first conical part (t3), whose larger diameter is arranged at the bottom, and a second cylindrical part (t4) above the first conical part (t3), at the upper end of which is a neck (13') of the storage tank (13); the water heater is characterized in that it has a tank that is placed inside the storage tank (13) and is coupled to the neck (13') of the storage tank by means of fastening elements;said tank comprises: a perimeter surface, in which there is at least one row of holes (14), aligned vertically and equidistant from each other, arranged from the middle upwards of said perimeter surface; which allow the entry of hot water generated in the perimeter walls of the tank (13) into the interior of the tank (100); a lid which has a semi-spherical dome at the top which increases the thermal conductivity and the infrared radiation emitted; and a lower outlet (103) which is arranged on the perimeter surface of the tank;wherein said tank further comprises: a filling line (15) that enters from the outside in the upper portion of the tank to the inside of the tank at the top of the perimeter surface, said filling line extends vertically downwards using a pipe (17) to the deepest part of the tank to introduce ambient temperature water into the interior of the tank and conduct it downwards; A hot water supply outlet (19) located in the middle of the tank and exiting through the adjacent wall of the storage tank, in a lower area of ​​the second cylindrical part (t4) of the upper portion (T1) of the storage tank (13), allowing the consumption of the hotter water concentrated in the upper part of the tank; a floating flexible tube (20) connected to said hot water supply outlet (19) located in the middle of the tank, where the hotter water concentrated in the upper part of the tank is drawn; for this purpose, the opposite end of the flexible tube, the free end, must be kept upwards; a float (21) that holds said opposite end, the free end, to keep it upwards and provide access to the hotter water. An outlet at the bottom (103) of the perimeter surface of the tank that flows into the storage tank, which fills the storage tank with water at ambient temperature.

2. The solar water heater according to claim 1, wherein the tank (100) is preferably cylindrical.

3. The solar water heater according to claim 1, wherein on the perimeter surface of the tank there is an outlet slightly below its middle part (102) to allow the less hot water from the middle part of the tank to pass and reintegrate it by thermosiphon effect to the upper part where the water of higher temperature is concentrated.

4. The solar water heater according to claim 1, wherein a water diffuser (18) is presented at a lower end of the tube (17) of the filling line (15), located towards the deepest part of the tank, so that the entry of water at ambient (cold) temperature is spread at the bottom and does not cause turbulence or sudden changes in direction.

5. The solar water heater according to claim 1, wherein in said filling line (15) there is a float mechanism (16) that regulates the level of water contained to prevent the tank (13) from overflowing or running dry.

6. The solar water heater according to claim 1, wherein the lid (10) has in its semi-spherical dome a plurality of straight guides or channels equidistant from each other on both its external and internal surfaces, so that it defines external channels (11) and internal channels (11').

7. The solar water heater according to claim 6, wherein both the external and internal guides or channels (11, 11') extend from the highest point of the dome and are directed towards a lower edge of the lid to facilitate the circulation of either air through said external channels or guides (11) or water through its internal channels or guides (11').

8. The solar water heater according to claim 1, wherein the lid (10) which has a semi-spherical dome at the top, comprises a thermoplastic polymer.

9. The solar water heater according to claim 8, wherein the thermoplastic polymer is preferably polypropylene with some compound.

10. The solar water heater according to claim 9, wherein the polypropylene preferably contains graphene, which increases thermal conductivity and emitted infrared radiation.

11. The solar water heater according to claim 1, wherein the lid is attached to the tank by means of safety.

12. The solar water heater according to claim 1, wherein the lid is attached to the tank by means of wing nuts in embedded bushings.

13. The solar water heater according to claim 1, wherein the lid (10) has a top cover (12), which covers the semi-spherical dome (10') of the lid to maximize the absorption of solar radiation and create a greenhouse effect to take advantage of solar radiation.

14. The solar water heater according to claim 13, wherein the upper cover (12) of the lid (10) comprises a thermoplastic polymer. 16 15. The solar water heater according to claim 14, wherein the thermoplastic polymer is preferably polycarbonate.

16. The solar water heater according to claim 1, wherein on the upper edge of the tank or mouth of the tank, there is a disc (104) that covers, condenses and retains the stored evaporated water, preventing it from spilling out of the tank, 17. The solar water heater according to claim 16, wherein the disc has an upper face that is matte black and emits radiation to the lower face that is mirror-silver.

18. The solar water heater according to claim 17, wherein the disc is preferably made of aluminum.

19. The solar water heater according to claim 1, wherein the tank (13) has a general cover (23) of the wrap-around bag type, which forms a chamber that creates a greenhouse effect in case it is necessary to contain more heat radiation in the contained water.

20. The solar water heater according to claim 18, wherein the general cover (23) is preferably made of ETFE, a lightweight and durable fluorinated plastic material that resists corrosion, temperature, UV and gamma rays.

21. The solar water heater according to claim 1, wherein the tank comprises a thermoplastic polymer capable of being produced by rotomolding.

22. The solar water heater according to claim 21, wherein the thermoplastic polymer is preferably polypropylene.

23. The solar water heater according to claim 22, wherein the polypropylene in a preferred embodiment may contain in an encapsulated manner a phase change material at 50 degrees.

24. The solar water heater according to claim 23, wherein the exchange material is paraffin to absorb the energy 17 It delivers heat during the day by changing phase from solid to liquid and at night by changing again from liquid to solid, improving the thermal and insulating qualities of the water heater.

25. The solar water heater according to claim 1, wherein one modality of the tank (not illustrated) is that it is a single piece like the usual cylindrical tanks.

26. The solar water heater according to claim 1, wherein the tank in its preferred form has a water storage capacity of 1000 liters.

27. The solar water heater according to claim 1, wherein the proportions of the tank placed inside the water tank are adapted to the capacities of the water tank to which it is to be placed.

28. The solar water heater according to claim 1, wherein the fastening elements for attaching the tank to the inside of the neck (13') of the water tank (13) are spacers. 18

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