Article with multilayer coatings
A multilayer coating system on paper substrates using high-density polyethylene and ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymers with inorganic pigments achieves low WVTR and OTR, addressing compatibility and repulpability issues in paper packaging.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2024/101828
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-06-27
- Publication Date
- 2026-01-02
AI Technical Summary
Existing paper products in packaging face challenges in achieving both low water vapor transmission rates (WVTR) and oxygen transmission rates (OTR) at low coat weights, while maintaining compatibility between coating layers and ensuring repulpability.
A paper substrate coated with a first layer containing high-density polyethylene and ethylene-(meth)acrylic acid copolymer, and a second layer with ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer and inorganic pigment, achieving a WVTR < 10 g/(m²·day) and OTR < 1 cc/(m²·day) at coat weights < 25 g/m², with > 85% fiber recovery.
The solution provides excellent oxygen and water vapor barriers with low coat weights, ensuring repulpability and compatibility, suitable for paper packaging applications.
Smart Images

Figure PCTCN2024101828-FTAPPB-I100001 
Figure PCTCN2024101828-FTAPPB-I100002 
Figure PCTCN2024101828-FTAPPB-I100003
Abstract
Description
ARTICLE WITH MULTILAYER COATINGSFIELD
[0001] The present invention relates to an article comprising a paper substrate coated with multilayer coatings. The article is useful in packaging applications, especially paper packaging applications.
[0002] INTRODUCTION
[0003] Paper products used in the packaging industry are desirably for both oxygen barrier and water vapor barrier properties at a low coat weight to protect the products inside the packaging from oxygen and moisture. Extrusion coating of polyethylene films onto paper by lamination is one of the primary approaches to impart water barrier properties to a paper package. However, such laminated structures for achieving desirable water vapor transmission rates (WVTRs) typically require high coat weights (at least 25 grams per square meter (g / m2) ) , making coated paper difficult for repulpability. Paper and paperboard manufacturers and converters are interested in thinner or more easily applied coating options that do not interfere with repulping. Waterborne dispersions have been used to deliver a low coat weight of < 25 g / m2, yet both low WVTRs and low oxygen transmission rates (OTRs) remain a challenge. Addition of polyethylene waxes or fluorochemicals into waterborne dispersions may improve water vapor barrier property of coated paper to some extent. Some waterborne dispersions containing the polyethylene wax are difficult to apply on a substrate, especially on paper substrate with rough surface.
[0004] Often when combining an oxygen barrier coating layer with a water barrier coating layer to form multilayer coatings, a certain degree of barrier performance may be sacrificed due to poor compatibility between the two layers. Introducing inorganic pigments into polymer binders may be a feasible option to enhance gas barrier performance of the resulting coatings. However, poor compatibility between pigments and polymer binders can cause pigment aggregation and thus degrade the coatings'barrier performance instead. Moreover, to achieve desirable gas barrier properties (i.e., WVTR < 10 g / (m2·day) , 38 ℃ and 90%relative humidity (RH) , and OTR < 1 cc / (m2·day) , 23 ℃ and 50%RH) , a high concentration of pigments (> 50%by weight based on coating solids weight) is typically required, which usually causes difficulties in the coating process and reduced flexibility of the obtained coatings, especially on paper substrate.
[0005] It is therefore desirable to discover a coated paper substate that delivers both low WVTR (< 10 g / (m2. day) ) and low OTRs (< 1 cc / (m2. day) ) at a low pigment concentration, desirably, also shows good repulpability.SUMMARY
[0006] The present invention solves the problem of discovering an article comprising a paper substrate coated with specified multilayer coatings. Such article is excellent in both water vapor barrier and gas barrier properties. Particularly, the article shows a WVTR less than 10 grams per square meter per day (g / (m2. day) ) as measured according to ASTM D3985-02 at tropic conditions (38 degrees Celsius (℃) and 90%relative humidity (RH) ) at a low coat weight (< 25 g / m2) . At the same time, the article achieves an OTR less than 1.0 cubic centimeter per square meter per day (cc / (m2. day) ) , as measured according to ASTM D3985-05 at 23 ℃ and 50%RH. Such article can be repulpable, as indicated by at least 85%fiber recovery, desirably greater than 95%fiber recovery. Repulpability may be measured according to the test method in the Examples section below. The article is useful in packaging applications, particularly paper packaging applications that require both the low WVTRs and low OTRs at low coat weights. The paper packaging comprising such article can be treated in existing paper recycling and composting process and equipment.
[0007] In a first aspect, the present invention relates to an article comprising:
[0008] a paper substrate, a first coating layer, and a second coating layer; wherein the first coating layer resides between the paper substrate and the second coating layer and comprises, by weight based on the weight of the first coating layer,
[0009] (1a) from 50%to 80%of a high-density polyethylene having a density in a range of 0.930 to 0.980 gram per cubic centimeter (g / cm3) ; and (1b) from 20%to 50%of an ethylene-(meth) acrylic acid copolymer; wherein the ethylene- (meth) acrylic acid copolymer has a degree of neutralization in a range of greater than 5%to 75%, and wherein the ethylene- (meth) acrylic acid copolymer comprises ethylene units, (meth) acrylic acid units, and units of a (meth) acrylic acid salt at a mole-to-mole ratio of ethylene units to units of (meth) acrylic acid and the (meth) acrylic acid salt in a range of 95: 5 to 90: 10;
[0010] wherein the second coating layer comprises: (2a) an ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer having a saponification degree of 80 mol%or more; (2b) a (meth) acrylic acid polymer comprising, by weight based on the weight of the (meth) acrylic acid polymer, from 50%to 100%of structural units of (meth) acrylic acid; wherein the (meth) acrylic acid polymer is present in an amount such that the weight ratio of the (meth) acrylic acid polymer to the ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer in a range of 10: 90 to 45: 55; and (2c) from 1%to 50%of an inorganic pigment, by weight based on the weight of the second coating layer.
[0011] In a second aspect, the present invention relates to a process for preparing the article of the first aspect. The process comprises the steps of:
[0012] (i) applying a first coating composition to a paper substrate,
[0013] (ii) drying the applied first coating composition to form the first coating layer;
[0014] (iii) applying a second coating composition to the first coating layer; and
[0015] (iv) drying the applied second coating composition to form the second coating layer, thereby forming the article.
[0016] In a third aspect, the present invention relates to a paper packaging comprising the article of the first aspect.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0017] Figure 1 is a schematic illustration of a cross-section of one example of an article 100.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0018] Test methods refer to the most recent test method as of the priority date of this document when a date is not indicated with the test method number. References to test methods contain both a reference to the testing society and the test method number. The following test method abbreviations and identifiers apply herein: ASTM refers to American Society for Testing and Materials International methods; ISO refers to International Organization for Standards; and JIS refers to Japanese Industrial Standard.
[0019] Products identified by their tradename refer to the compositions available under those tradenames on the priority date of this document.
[0020] “Multiple” means two or more. “And / or” means “and, or as an alternative” . All ranges include endpoints unless otherwise indicated. Unless otherwise stated, all percent (%) values are weight percents relative to (dried) coating weight.
[0021] The word fragment “ (meth) acryl” refers to both “methacryl” and “acryl” . The term “(meth) acrylic acid” refers to acrylic acid or methacrylic acid. The term “ (meth) acrylic acid salt” refers to a salt of acrylic acid or methacrylic acid, desirably, a lithium, sodium, or potassium salt.
[0022] “Units” (interchangeable with “structural units” or “polymerized units” ) , of the named monomer, refers to the remnant of the monomer after polymerization, that is, polymerized monomer or the monomer in polymerized form. For example, a structural unit of methyl methacrylate is as illustrated: where the dotted lines represent the points of attachment of the structural unit to the polymer backbone.
[0023] “Aqueous” dispersion or solution herein means that particles dispersed or dissolved in an aqueous medium. By “aqueous medium” herein is meant water and from zero to 30%, by weight based on the weight of the medium, of water-miscible compound (s) such as, for example, alcohols, glycols, glycol ethers, glycol esters, or mixtures thereof.
[0024] “Nonionic monomer” herein refers to a monomer that does not bear an ionic charge between pH=1-14.
[0025] “Multilayer coatings” refers to at least two layers of coatings, including a first coating layer and a second coating layer. By “first coating layer” (interchangeable with “base coat” ) and “second coating layer” (interchangeable with “topcoat” ) mean the coating layers having different compositions. The terms “first coating layer” and “second coating layer” refer to a dried coating formed by drying a first coating composition and a second coating composition, respectively. Drying conditions can be as described herein below, for example, 100 ℃ for 2 minutes.
[0026] The article of the present invention comprises a paper substrate, a first coating layer, and a second coating layer, and the first coating layer resides between the paper substrate and the second coating layer.
[0027] The first coating layer comprises (1a) a high-density polyethylene. The high-density polyethylene has a density in a range of 0.930 g / cm3 to 0.980 g / cm3, and can be 0.940 g / cm3 or more, 0.945 g / cm3 or more, even 0.950 g / cm3 or more while at the same time is typically 0.976 g / cm3 or less, and can be 0.972 g / cm3 or less, 0.965 g / cm3 or less, 0.960 g / cm3 or less, or even 0.955 g / cm3 or less, alternatively from 0.945 g / cm3 to 0.960 g / cm3, alternatively from 0.954 g / cm3 to 0.972 g / cm3, alternatively from 0.945 g / cm3 to 0.955 g / cm3, as measured according to ASTM D792.
[0028] The high-density polyethylene may have a melt index (MI) in a range of 5 to 100 grams per 10 minutes (g / 10 min) , 10 to 90 g / 10 min, 20 to 80 g / 10 min, or 30 to 70 g / 10 min, as measured according to ASTM D1238-13 (Procedure B) at 190 ℃ and 2.16 kilograms (kg) load. MI can be determined using Tinius Olsen MP600 Extrusion Plastometer / Melt Flow Indexer.
[0029] A mixture of two or more high-density polyethylenes that are different in density and / or melt index can be used. Suitable commercially available high density polyethylenes may include, for example, DOWTM DMDA-8940 NT 7 (density: 0.951 g / cm3) , DOWTM DMDA-8965 NT 7 (density: 0.952 g / cm3) , and DOWTM DMDA-8007 NT 7 (density: 0.965 g / cm3) High Density Polyethylene Resins all available from The Dow Chemical Company (DOW is a trademark of The Dow Chemical Company) . The concentration of the high-density polyethylene in the first coating layer may be in a range of 50%to 80%, and can be 52%or more, 55%or more, 60%or more, 65%or more, 68%or more, 70%or more, even 71%or more while can be 79%or less, 78%or less, 77%or less, 75%or less, 72%or less, or even 70%or less, desirably from 55%to 75%, more desirably from 60%to 70%, by weight based on the weight of the first coating layer (i.e., the dry weight of the first coating layer) .
[0030] The first coating layer also comprises (1b) an ethylene- (meth) acrylic acid copolymer. “Ethylene- (meth) acrylic acid copolymer” herein includes a non-neutralized ethylene-(meth) acrylic acid copolymer, a salt thereof (also referred to as “ethylene- (meth) acrylic acid copolymer salt” ) , or mixtures thereof. The non-neutralized ethylene- (meth) acrylic acid copolymer comprises ethylene units and (meth) acrylic acid units in amounts such that the mole-to-mole ratio of ethylene units to (meth) acrylic acid is in a range of 95: 5 to 90: 10. The ethylene-(meth) acrylic acid copolymer salt can be a copolymer containing ethylene units, (meth) acrylic acid units, and (meth) acrylic acid salt units. For the ethylene- (meth) acrylic acid copolymer salt, the mole-to-mole ratio of ethylene units to the total number of (meth) acrylic acid units and the (meth) acrylic acid salt units can be in a range of 95: 5 to 90: 10.
[0031] The ethylene- (meth) acrylic acid copolymer in the first coating layer comprises (1b-i) ethylene units, (1b-ii) (meth) acrylic acid units, and (1b-iii) (meth) acrylic acid salt units. The mole-to-mole ratio of ethylene units (1b-i) to the total number of (meth) acrylic acid units (1b-ii) and (meth) acrylic acid salt units (1b-iii) in a range of 95: 5 to 90: 10. The (meth) acrylic acid units (1b-ii) can be acrylic acid units, methacrylic acid units, or combinations thereof, desirably, methacrylic acid units. The (meth) acrylic acid salt units (1b-iii) can be single salt units of (meth) acrylic acid, or two or more different salts units of (meth) acrylic acid, such as sodium salt units, potassium salt units, or combinations thereof. For example, the ethylene- (meth) acrylic acid copolymer may comprise ethylene units, (meth) acrylic acid units, sodium salt units of (meth) acrylic acid, and potassium salt units of (meth) acrylic acid in the same copolymer. Desirably, the (meth) acrylic acid units are methacrylic acid units, and the (meth) acrylic acid salt units are selected from sodium salt units, potassium salt units, or combinations thereof. The ethylene- (meth) acrylic acid copolymer in the first coating layer may comprise one or more than one ethylene- (meth) acrylic acid copolymer salt, such as a mixture of two or more of the ethylene- (meth) acrylic acid copolymer salts, or a mixture of a non-neutralized ethylene-(meth) acrylic acid copolymer with an ethylene- (meth) acrylic acid copolymer salt.
[0032] The degree of neutralization of the ethylene- (meth) acrylic acid copolymer in the first coating layer may be in a range of greater than 5%to 75%, and can be from 10%to 70%, from 20%to 70%, or from 50%to 70%. The degree of neutralization ( “DoN” ) can be determined by the following equation (I) : DoN = [B / (A+B) ] *100% (I) ,
[0033] where A is the total number of acid units and B is the total number of acid salt units, in the ethylene- (meth) acrylic acid copolymer. For example, when the ethylene- (meth) acrylic acid copolymer has a mixture of (meth) acrylic acid structural units and (meth) acrylic acid salt structural units, “A” refers to the total number of acid units (e.g., methacrylic acid units and acrylic acid units) and “B” refers to the total number of acid salt units (e.g., methacrylic acid salt units and acrylic acid salt units) .
[0034] The degree of neutralization of the ethylene- (meth) acrylic acid copolymer in the first coating layer may be attributable to a hard base, i.e., at least partially or fully neutralization of commercially available ethylene-acrylic acid and ethylene-methacrylic acid copolymers with a hard base. Such commercially available ethylene-acrylic acid and ethylene-methacrylic acid copolymers may include those under the trademarks PRIMACOR ethylene-acrylic acid copolymer from SK Geo Centric and NUCRELTM ethylene-methacrylic acid copolymers available from The Dow Chemical Company (NUCREL is a trademark of The Dow Chemical Company) . Suitable hard bases may include, for example, potassium hydroxide, lithium hydroxide, or sodium hydroxide, LiHCO3, NaHCO3, KHCO3, and Na2CO3. The ethylene-(meth) acrylic acid copolymer may be neutralized in part with a fugitive base that boils off or evaporates when the first coating composition is applied to a substrate and dried (cured) . Examples of fugitive bases include ammonium hydroxide, amines, amino alcohols, or mixtures thereof, such as ethylene diamine, N-ethylmonoethanol amine, N-ethyldiethanolamine, N, N′-dimethylmonoethanolamine, N, N′-diethylmonoethanolamine, or mixtures thereof. A fugitive base, if present in the first coating composition or in the second coating composition described herein below, contributes to the degree of neutralization of the first coating composition in the wet state, the degree of neutralization of the dried (cured) first coating layer arises from the presence of the hard base. To facilitate dispersion in an aqueous medium, the acid groups of the ethylene-acrylic acid or ethylene-methacrylic acid copolymers may be partially or fully neutralized with one or more of the above bases, desirably, the hard base. In neutralization, the amount of the base used may range from 25%to 200%of the acid groups in the copolymers on a molar basis, from 30%to 165%, from 35%to 150%, or from 40 to 120%, on a molar basis.
[0035] The concentration of the ethylene- (meth) acrylic acid copolymer (1b) (including the ethylene- (meth) acrylic acid copolymer salt and the non-neutralized ethylene- (meth) acrylic acid copolymer if any) in the first coating layer is in a range of 20%to 50%, and can be 21%or more, 22%or more, 23%or more, 25%or less, even 30%or more while at the same time is generally 45%or less, 40%or less, 35%or less, 32%or less, 30%or less, or even 29%or less, desirably from 23%to 45%, more desirably from 23%to 35%, most desirably from 23%to 30%, by weight based on the weight of the first coating layer.
[0036] The first coating layer may comprise or be free of (1c) a compatibilizer. The compatibilizer can be a modified, e.g., functionalized, olefin polymer. Suitable groups that can modify the olefin polymer may include, unsaturated cyclic anhydrides and their aliphatic diesters, and the diacid derivatives, particularly, maleic anhydride. Specific examples of modified polyolefins include maleic anhydride functionalized polyethylenes (e.g., high-density polyethylene) , maleic anhydride functionalized polyethylene copolymers, terpolymers maleic anhydride functionalized polypropylenes or copolymers of ethylene and propylene; or blends thereof. Maleic anhydride functionality can be incorporated into the polymer by grafting or other reaction methods. When grafting, the level of maleic anhydride incorporation is typically below 3 percent by weight based on the weight of the polymer. Desirably, the compatibilizer is a maleic anhydride grafted polyethylene. Suitable commercially available modified olefin polymers may include LICOCENE PE MS 431 available from Clariant Corporation, AMPLIFYTM GR-204 functional polymer (amaleic anhydride (MAH) grafted HDPE copolymer) available from The Dow Chemical Company (AMPLIFY is a trademark of The Dow Chemical Company) , or mixtures thereof.
[0037] The concentration of the compatibilizer may be in a range of zero to 30%, and can be greater than zero, 5%or more, 10%or more, 15%or more, even 20%or more while at the same time is typically 28%or less, and can be 27%or less, 25%or less, 23%or less, 20%or less, 15%or less, 10%or less, 5%or less, 1%or less, or even less than 1%, by weight based on the weight of the first coating layer. In addition to the high-density polyethylene (1a) and the ethylene-(meth) acrylic acid copolymer (1b) in the first coating layer, the rest can be the compatibilizer (1c) .
[0038] Desirably, the high-density polyethylene (1a) and the ethylene- (meth) acrylic acid copolymer (1b) in the first coating layer are present in a combined amount of 77%or more, and can be 78%or more, 80%or more, 90%or more, 92%or more, 95%or more, 97%or more, or even 100%, desirably, 90%or more, by weight based on the weight of the first coating layer.
[0039] The first coating layer is formed by drying a first coating composition described herein below.
[0040] The second coating layer comprises (2a) an ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer, which is typically a water-soluble polymer. The ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer is usually obtained by saponification of an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer. The ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer may have a saponification degree (also known as “degree of hydrolysis” ) of 80 mol%or more, and can be 85 mol%or more, 88 mol%or more, 90 mol%or more, 92 mol%or more, 94 mol%or more, 95 mol%or more, even greater than 95 mol%while is typically 99.7 mol%or less, and can be 99.5 mol%or less, 99 mol%or less, 98.5 mol%or less, or even 98 mol%or less, desirably greater than 95 mol%. The saponification degree can be determined according to JIS K 6726: 1994 (Testing Methods for Polyvinyl Alcohol) . Further details may refer to the test method in the Examples section below.
[0041] The ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer useful in the present invention may have an ethylene content (i.e., concentration of ethylene units in the ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer) in a range of 1.0 to 10 mol%, and can be 1.5 mol%or more, 1.8 mol%or more, 2.0 mol%or more, 2.1 mol%or more, 2.2 mol%or more, 2.4 mol%or more, 2.5 mol%or more, 2.8 mol%or more, even 3.0 mol%or more while at the same time generally 9.0 mol%or less, and can be 8.0 mol%or less, 7.0 mol%or less, 6 mol%or less, 5 mol%or less, 4.8 mol%or less, 4.5 mol%or less, 4.2 mol%or less, 4.0 mol%or less, 3.5 mol%or less, 3.2 mol%or less, or even 3.0 mol%or less, desirably, from 1 to 4 mol%. Ethylene content can be determined by analyzing the ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis. Suitable commercially available ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymers may include those under trademarks such as EXCEVAL available from Kuraray Company (Japan) .
[0042] The ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer useful in the present invention may have a weight average molecular weight of 10,000 to 300,000 grams per mole (g / mol) , and can be 20,000 g / mol or more, 30,000 g / mol or more, 40,000 g / mol or more, 50,000 g / mol or more, 60,000 g / mol or more, even 80,000 g / mol or more while at the same time is generally 250,000 g / mol or less, and can be 200,000 g / mol or less, 150,000 g / mol or less, 100,000 g / mol or less, or even 80,000 g / mol or less, desirably from 10,000 to 100,000 g / mol. Weight average molecular weight of the ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer can be determined according to JIS K 6726: 1994.
[0043] The second coating layer comprises (2b) a (meth) acrylic acid polymer. “Polymer” herein includes homopolymers and copolymers. The (meth) acrylic acid polymer (2b) in the second coating layer comprises (2b-i) structural units of (meth) acrylic acid such as acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, or combinations thereof; and optionally, (2b-ii) structural units of an additional ethylenically unsaturated acid and / or a salt thereof (that is other than / different from the (meth) acrylic acid) , and / or optionally (2b-iii) structural units of an ethylenically unsaturated nonionic monomer. The concentration of structural units of (meth) acrylic acid is in a range of 50%to 100%, and can be 55%or more, 60%or more, 65%or more, 70%or more, 75%or more, even 80%or more while at the same time is generally 99%or less, and can be 95%or less, 92%or less, 90%or less, 88%or less, 85%or less, or even 80%or less, by weight based on the weight of the (meth) acrylic acid polymer in the second coating layer.
[0044] Suitable additional ethylenically unsaturated acids and salts thereof for forming the (meth) acrylic acid polymer may include, for example, maleic acid, crotonic acid, itaconic acid, fumaric acid, monomethyl itaconate, monomethyl fumarate, monobutyl fumarate, 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid, vinyl sulfonic acid, styrene sulfonic acid, 1-allyloxy-2-hydroxypropane sulfonic acid, alkyl allyl sulfosuccinic acid, sulfoethyl (meth) acrylate; phosphoalkyl (meth) acrylates such as phosphoethyl (meth) acrylate, phosphopropyl (meth) acrylate, and phosphobutyl (meth) acrylate, phosphoalkyl crotonates, phosphoalkyl maleates, phosphoalkyl fumarates, phosphodialkyl (meth) acrylates, phosphodialkyl crotonates, and allyl phosphate; or a monomer bearing an acid-forming group which yields or is subsequently convertible to, such an acid group, such as anhydride, (meth) acrylic anhydride, or maleic anhydride; salts thereof; or mixtures thereof. The concentration of structural units of the additional ethylenically unsaturated acid and salt thereof in the (meth) acrylic acid polymer may be in a range of zero to less than 50%, from zero to 40%, or from zero to 10%, by weight based on the weight of the (meth) acrylic acid polymer.
[0045] Suitable ethylenically unsaturated nonionic monomers may include, for example, (meth) acrylamide, alkyl esters of (meth) acrylic acid such as butyl (meth) acrylate, vinyl aromatic monomers such as styrene, acrylonitrile, ethylene, propylene, butylene, or mixtures thereof. The concentration of structural units of the ethylenically unsaturated nonionic monomer in the (meth) acrylic acid polymer may be in a range of zero to less than 50%, from zero to 10%, or from zero to 5%, by weight based on the weight of the (meth) acrylic acid polymer.
[0046] The (meth) acrylic acid polymer may have a weight average molecular weight (Mw) ranging from 2,000 to 400,000 g / mol, and can be 5,000 g / mol or more, 10,000 g / mol or more, 20,000 g / mol or more, 30,000 g / mol or more, 40,000 g / mol or more, 50,000 g / mol or more, even 60,000 g / mol or more while at the same time is generally 350,000 g / mole or less, and can be 300,000 g / mol or less, 250,000 g / mol or less, 200,000 g / mol or less, 100,000 g / mol or less, or even 80,000 g / mol or less, desirably, 20,000 to 300,000 g / mol, more desirably, 60,000 to 250,000 g / mol. Molecular weight of the (meth) acrylic acid polymer and salts thereof can be measured by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) (further details may be referred to the Molecular Weight Measurement for (Meth) acrylic Acid Polymer described in the Examples section below) .
[0047] Suitable commercially available (meth) acrylic acid polymers may include, for example, ACUSOLTM 190 and ACUMERTM 1510 Polymers both available from The Dow Chemical Company (ACUSOL and ACUMER are trademarks of The Dow Chemical Company) . These (meth) acrylic acid polymers may be optionally neutralized (e.g., partially neutralized) for use in the second coating layer.
[0048] The ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer (2a) and the (meth) acrylic acid polymer (2b) in the second coating layer are present in amounts to provide a weight ratio of the (meth) acrylic acid polymer (2b) to the ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer (2a) in a range of 10: 90 to 45: 55, can be from 12: 88 to 42: 58, from 15: 85 to 40: 60, from 20: 80 to 40: 60, from 20: 80 to 35: 65, from 25:75 to 40: 60, or from 30: 70 to 40: 60. “Weight ratio” herein refers to a dry-to-dry weight ratio. Desirably, the total concentration of the ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer (2a) and the (meth) acrylic acid polymer (2b) can be in a range of 50%to 99%or 55%to 95%, desirably, 60%to 90%, more desirably, 60%to 80%, by weight based on the weight of the second coating layer. “Weight of the second coating layer” refers to the dry weight of the second coating layer.
[0049] The second coating layer comprises one or more inorganic pigments (2c) . “Inorganic pigments” generally refers to natural or synthetic metal oxides, metal silicates, metal carbonates, metal hydroxides, or combinations thereof. Examples of suitable pigments include mica, talc, clay, montmorillonite, platelet silica, layered double hydroxide (LDH) , bentonite, dolomite, laponite, kaolinite, saponite, vermiculite, zeolite, silicate, kaolin, magnesium carbonate, calcium carbonate, or mixtures.
[0050] The concentration of the inorganic pigments (2c) in the second coating layer may be in a range of 1%to 50%, and can be 5%or more, 10%or more, 15%or more, even 20%or more while at the same time is generally 45%or less, and can be 42%or less, 40%or less, less than 40%, 35%or less, 30%or less, 25%or less, or even 20%or less, desirably, 5%to 45%, more desirably, 10%to 40%, by weight based on the weight of the second coating layer (i.e., by solids weight based on the dry weight of the second coating layer) .
[0051] The second coating layer may comprise, or can be free of, one or more dispersing agents (2d) that can be used to promote dispersing the inorganic pigment (2c) . Suitable dispersing agent (2c) may include, polyphosphates, fatty acid soaps, fatty esters, fatty amides, mine salts, quaternary ammonium salts, amino oleate, or mixtures thereof. The concentration of the dispersing agent can be in a range of zero to 20%, 1%to 10%, or 2%to 6%, by weight based on the weight of the inorganic pigment.
[0052] The first coating layer and / or second coating layer may each independently comprise or be free of any one or any combination of more than one of the following additional components: surface-active agents (e.g., a silicone surface-active agent, a sulfate ester surface-active agent, or combinations thereof) , anti-block agents, defoamers, thickeners, wetting agents, optical brighteners, colorants, and preservatives. The concentration of these additional components can be in a range of zero to 4%, 0.5%to 3%, or 1%to 2%, by weight based on the weight of the first coating layer and the second coating layer, respectively.
[0053] The second coating layer is formed by drying a second coating composition described herein below.
[0054] The article of the present invention comprises the paper substrate that comprises opposing primary surfaces. A “primary surface” is a surface having a planar surface area equal to the largest planar surface area of any surface of the substrate. Opposing primary surfaces refers to a primary surface of an article and a surface opposing the primary surface, the surface opposing the primary surface generally also being a primary surface. Planar surface area refers to the area of a surface as projected onto a plane so as to neglect surface area contributions due to contour features (for example, peaks and valleys) in the surface. The first coating layer can be on one primary surface or both primary surfaces, of the paper substrate. For example, the first coating layer can be in contact with one primary surface of the paper substate directly or optionally through a primer layer or a pre-coated layer. The first coating layer has at least two opposing primary surfaces. Desirably, one primary surface of the first coating layer is in contact with the paper substrate and the opposing primary surface of the first coating layer is in contact with the second coating layer. The optional primer layer may be applied on one primary surface of the paper substate, so that the primer layer resides between the first coating layer and the paper substrate. The primer layer may be used to improve barrier coating holdout of the paper substrate, thus further improving barrier properties of the resulting article. The primer layer may comprise one or more emulsion polymers selected from acrylic (co) polymers, styrene acrylic copolymers, styrene butadiene copolymers, vinyl acetate copolymers, or combinations thereof; and optionally, pigments and / or extenders as described above.
[0055] The paper substrate useful in the present invention can be any type of paper, particularly those suitable for paper packaging. The paper substrate can be precoated on one or both primary surfaces of the paper substrate, e.g., primed surfaces or painted surfaces, prior to applying the first coating composition. Suitable paper materials include, for example, freesheet paper (e.g., coated or uncoated freesheet) , uncorrugated or corrugated paperboard, newsprint paper, Kraft paper, and pan liner paper stock. The paper substrate may have various basis weight and can be in a range of 30 to 100 grams per square meter (g / m2) , and can be 40 to 95 g / m2, 50 to 90 g / m2, or 60 to 80 g / m2, as measured according to ISO 536. The paper substrate typically has a thickness in a range of 30 to 100 micrometers (μm) , and can be 40 μm or more, 50 μm or more, even 60 μm or more while at the same time is generally 95 μm or less, and can be 90 μm or less, or even 85 μm or less. Suitable commercially available paper materials may include UPM Brilliant Pro paper available from UPM Company.
[0056] The present invention also relates to a process for preparing the article of the present invention. The process comprises the steps of: (i) applying a first coating composition to a paper substrate, optionally pre-treated with one or more pre-coats (e.g., a primer layer) ; (ii) drying the first coating composition to form the first coating layer; (iii) applying a second coating composition to the first coating layer, and (iv) drying the second coating composition to form the second coating layer; thereby forming the article comprising the paper substrate, the second coating layer, and the first coating layer residing therebetween, desirably, in contact with the paper substrate and the second coating layer.
[0057] The first coating composition comprises an aqueous dispersion of the high-density polyethylene and the ethylene- (meth) acrylic acid copolymer (that is useful as a dispersant) where the ethylene- (meth) acrylic acid copolymer in the first coating composition may have a DoN the same as or higher than the DoN of the ethylene- (meth) acrylic acid copolymer in the first coating layer described above, and optionally, the compatibilizer (1c) , the hard base, and / or the fugitive base. Each component in the first coating composition is present in an amount to afford the concentration of such component in the first coating layer as described above (by weight relative to the weight of the first coating layer) . The aqueous dispersion generally has a solids content in a range of 30%to 60%, desirably from 40 to 50%. The aqueous dispersion also comprises water. The aqueous dispersion may further comprise, or can be free of, the hard base, the fugitive base, or mixtures thereof. The hard base (and optionally the fugitive base) used to provide the DoN of the ethylene- (meth) acrylic acid copolymer in the first coating composition (wet state) is in an amount such that the ethylene- (meth) acrylic acid copolymer in the resulting first coating layer (i.e., upon drying the first coating composition) has the DoN as described in the first coating layer above.
[0058] The second coating composition comprises the ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer (2a) , the (meth) acrylic acid polymer (2b) (optionally neutralized) , and the inorganic pigment (2c) . The second coating composition also comprises water. Each component in the second coating composition is present in an amount such that the concentration of such component in the second coating layer is as described above. The second coating composition typically has a solids content of 5%to 30%, and can be 8%to 25%, or 10%to 20%.
[0059] The applying the first and second coating composition can be conducted by any known methods, including blade coating, rod coating, curtain coating, size press, gravure, brushing, dipping, rolling, spraying, and bar coating. Drying the first and second coating composition can be conducted under mild conditions, for example, at temperatures ranging from 50 to 150 ℃, 80 to 120 ℃, or 90 to 100 ℃. Drying time depends on the drying temperature applied, for example, less than 10 minutes (min) or even 2 min or less.
[0060] The total dry coat weights of the first and second coating layers can be less than 25 g / m2, and can be less than 23 g / m2, or less than 20 g / m2. The first coating layer and the second coating layer may each independently consist of multiple thin layers with each layer having the same or different thickness such that the total dry coat weight of all these layers is within the above ranges. Coat weights may be determined according to the test method described in the Examples section below.
[0061] Surprisingly, the article of the present invention or the article made from the process is excellent in both oxygen barrier properties and water vapor barrier properties, as indicated by an OTR less than 1.0 cc / (m2. day) at 23 ℃ and 50%RH, as measured according to ASTM D3985-05; while also possessing a WVTR less than 10 g / (m2. day) at tropic conditions (i.e., 38 ℃ and 90%RH) , desirably less than 8 g / m2·day, as measured according to ASTM D3985-02, with a total coat weight less than 25 g / m2. The article also provides excellent repulpability in a range of 85%to 100%fiber recovery, desirably 90%fiber recovery or more, more desirably 95%fiber recovery or more, with a total coat weight less than 20 g / m2. Repulpability may be determined according to the test method described in the Examples section below.
[0062] The article is suitable for use in various paper packaging applications such as food packaging, medicine packaging, and personal care packaging. The article is particularly suitable for food packaging applications such as food containers such as boxes for fast food, food receptacles such as paper plates, and food wrappers such as wrapping materials for hamburgers, sandwiches, candies, chocolates, and snacks. The present invention also relates to a paper packaging comprising the article.
[0063] With reference to Figure 1, there is shown a schematic perspective view of one example of an article 100 disclosed herein. The article 100 comprises a paper substrate 101, a first coating layer 102, and a second coating layer 103. Each layer comprises two opposing primary surfaces. The second coating layer 103 contacts one primary surface of the first coating layer 102 and the paper substrate 101 contacts the opposing primary surface of the first coating layer 102, so that the first coating layer 102 resides between the second coating layer 103 and the paper substrate 101. An optional primer layer (not shown) may reside on one primary surface of the paper substrate 101, so that the primer layer resides between the first coating layer 102 and the paper substrate 101.
[0064] EXAMPLES
[0065] Some embodiments of the invention will now be described in the following Examples. Materials for use in preparing samples, and standard analytical equipment and methods for use in the Examples and in determining the properties and characteristics are described herein below. All parts and percentages are by weight unless otherwise stated.
[0066] Table 1.
[0067] *Density was measured according to ASTM D792. “MI” was measured according to ASTM D1238-13 (Procedure B) at 190 ℃ and 2.16 kg load. “AA content” and “MAA content” refers to weight percentage of structural units of AA and MAA, relative to the weight of the EAA copolymer and EMAA copolymer, respectively.
[0068] Preparation of Blends for Second Coating Layer
[0069] a) Preparation of Aqueous Solution of PVOH ( “PVOH Solution” )
[0070] Ten (10) parts of EXCEVAL RS2117 were dissolved in 90 parts of deionized water by stirring at 90 ℃ for 3 hours to give a PVOH clear solution with a solids content of 10%, which was then cooled to room temperature (RT) to give an aqueous solution of PVOH.
[0071] b) Preparation of Blends of PVOH / PAA (and pigment if used)
[0072] PAA Solution was added to the PVOH aqueous solution obtained above and mixed to give an aqueous solution of PVOH / PAA.
[0073] When a pigment is used, a pigment dispersion or slurry (e.g., a Finntalc slurry or a mica dispersion) was added to the obtained PVOH / PAA solution, followed by high-speed mixing. Table 3 lists formulations for each blend, in gram (g) .
[0074] The mica dispersion (solids content: 30%) was prepared by adding 30 parts of mica powder as supplied in 70 parts of deionized water and then high-speed mixing.
[0075] Preparation of POD-A and POD-B Aqueous Dispersions
[0076] Table 2-1 illustrates the flow rates for the various components used to make the dispersions. HDPE Resin and EMAA Copolymer were fed into a 25-mm diameter twin screw extruder using separate controlled rate feeders. The HDPE Resin and EMAA Copolymer were then forwarded through the extruder and melted to form an intermediate polymer melt blend.
[0077] The extruder temperature profile was ramped up to 150 ℃. Water and an aqueous solution of KOH (30wt. %KOH) were mixed together from separate sources at predetermined flow rates and fed to the extruder at an initial water (H2Oo) introduction site after a uniform polymer melt blend was formed; then, dilution water (H2Od) was fed into the extruder. The extruder speed was 400 revolutions per minute (rpm) for all samples. At the extruder outlet, a backpressure regulator was used to adjust the pressure inside the extruder barrel to a pressure adapted to reduce steam formation, generally in a range of 2 MPa to 3 MPa. Each aqueous dispersion exited from the extruder and was filtered first through a 200 mesh filter to give POD-A aqueous dispersion.
[0078] The obtained POD-Aaqueous dispersion was further added with DMEA slowly drop by drop with subsequent high-speed mixing, based on formulations given in Table 2-2, to obtain POD-B aqueous dispersion.
[0079] The solids content of each of the as prepared aqueous dispersions was then measured under 140 ℃, 4 hours. The volume mean particle size ( “PS” in micron (μm) ) of the polymer particles in the aqueous dispersions was measured using a COULTER LS-230 particle size analyzer (Beckman Coulter Corporation, Fullerton, CA) .
[0080] Table 2-1.
[0081] *KOH refers to the flow rate of KOH in water; H2Oo refers to the flow rate of the water at the introduction site; H2Od refers to the flow rate of the dilution water. The concentration of KOH was 30%KOH based on the weight of KOH and water.
[0082] Table 2-2.
[0083] Table 3. Formulations for PAA / PVOH (and pigment) blends
[0084] *Pigment concentration refers to weight percentages of solids weight of pigment based on dried coating layer weight. “PAA: PVOH ratio” refers to the dry-to-dry (solids-to-solids) weight ratio of PAA to PVOH.
[0085] Preparation of coated paper with one coating layer
[0086] Table 4 gives formulations for coated paper substrate with one coating layer (CE-1 (a) and (b) , CE-2 (a) and (b) , CE-6 (a) and (b) , CE-7 (a) and (b) , and CEs 9-12) . UPM Brilliant Pro paper (basis weight: 60 g / m2, thickness: 50-55 μm) was coated with each of the polyolefin dispersions obtained above on the calendared side of the paper using a coating rod or a wire wound drawdown bar (typically #16) and dried in a Despatch oven at 100℃ for 2 min to give a (dried) coating with a coat weight specified in Table 4.
[0087] A paper substate coated with PAA / PVOH (or PAA / PVOH / Pigment) blends was prepared according to the same procedure above, except the blends were used to replace the polyolefin dispersions and the obtained (dried) coating with a coat weight specified in Table 4.
[0088] Preparation of coated paper with multilayer coatings
[0089] Table 4 gives formulations for coated paper substrate with multilayer coatings (IEs 1-7, and CEs 8 and 13-15) . These samples were prepared by first applying a first coating composition to the paper substrate and dried, thereby forming a base coat (first coating layer) ; and then a second coating composition was applied on the base coat and then dried to form a topcoat (second coating layer) , such that the base coat resides between the paper substrate and the topcoat. Coating procedure and conditions were according to the procedures described above for the preparation of coated paper with a single coating layer.
[0090] The above obtained coated paper samples were characterized according to the test methods described below. Characterization results are given in Table 4.
[0091] Measurement of Saponification Degree of PVOH
[0092] The saponification degree of PVOH was determined according to JIS K 6726: 1994. General procedures are as follows:
[0093] (a) Place a sample in a conical flask according to the estimated saponification degree and sampling amount as specified in Table A and weigh to the nearest 1 mg.
[0094] (b) Add 100 mL of water and 3 drops of a phenolphthalein solution, then heat to over 90 ℃ with stirring to dissolve the sample completely.
[0095] (c) After cooling to room temperature, add 20 mL 0.1 mL / L sodium hydroxide solution with a burette according to Table A, stir and mix thoroughly, and leave it at room temperature for more than 2 hours.
[0096] (d) Use a burette to add sodium hydroxide solution and 25 mL sulfuric acid or hydrochloric acid at the same concentration into the conical flask and shake well.
[0097] (e) According to Table A, titrate the resultant solution with 0.1 mol / L or 0.5 mol / L sodium hydroxide solution until the color turns reddish.
[0098] (f) As a blank test, run steps (b) - (e) without adding a sample.
[0099] The saponification degree (mol%) , denoted as “H” , is calculated using the equation (IV) below: H=100-X2 (IV)
[0100] where X1= [ (a-b) *f*D*0.06005 / (p*P / 100) ] *100, and X2=44.05*X1 / (60.05-0.42*X1) ;
[0101] where X1: acetic acid content equivalent to residual acetate (%) ,
[0102] X2: residual acetate (mol%) ,
[0103] a: the amount of sodium hydroxide solution (ml) (0.1 mol / L or 0.5 mol / L) ,
[0104] b: the amount of sodium hydroxide solution (0.1mol / L or 0.5mol / L) used in the blank test (mL) ,
[0105] f: coefficient of sodium hydroxide standard solution,
[0106] D: concentration of prescribed liquid (0.1mol / L or 0.5mol / L) ,
[0107] S: sample amount (g) ,
[0108] P:sample concentration (%) .
[0109] Table A. Estimated saponification degree, sampling amount and prescribed liquid
[0110] Molecular Weights Measurement for (Meth) acrylic Acid Polymer
[0111] Mn and Mw of (meth) acrylic acid polymers were determined by GPC Analysis. Samples were prepared at a concentration of 1 milligram per milliliter (mg / mL) in 20 millimoles (mM) NaH2PO4 at pH=7. The polymer solutions were filtered using 0.2 μm polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) filters into autosampler vials. Size Exclusion Chromatography (SEC) separations were carried out on Polymer Separations' Alliance 2690 SEC system consisting of an isocratic pump, degasser, autosampler, and refractive index (RI) detector operated at 40 ℃. SEC separations were performed on two TSKgel columns (300x7.8 millimeters ID each) , pore size labeled as GMPWXL and G2500PWXL, particle size 13 and 6 μm in NaH2PO4 / Na2HPO4 at pH=7. Then 100 microliters (mL) of the sample solution were injected into the column set. Mn and Mw were determined using Broad Hamielic Calibration approach based on a polyacrylic acid standard with known molecular weight.
[0112] Coat Weights Measurement
[0113] UPM Brilliant Pro Paper (basis weight: 60 g / m2) was coated with a first and / or second coating composition using a drawdown bar and dried in a forced air oven for 2 min at 100 ℃ to a final coating areal density (coat weight) . Coat weights were measured by punching holes in coated and uncoated UPM paper with a circular die to form discs having a specified diameter (D cm) . The coated discs (W1) were weighed against the uncoated disc (W2) and the coat weights were calculated by the formula: Coat weight = (W1-W2) / (π* (D / 200) 2)
[0114] Oxygen Transmission Rate Test
[0115] Oxygen transmission rates (OTRs) of a coated paper sample was measured according to ASTM D3985-05 using a MOCON Ox-Tran Model 2 / 21 at 23 ℃ and 50%relative humidity (RH) .
[0116] Water Vapor Transmission Rate Test
[0117] Water vapor transmission rates (WVTRs) of a coated paper sample was measured according to ASTM D3985-02 under conditions of at 38 ℃ and 90%RH using a MOCON TRAN 3 / 33.
[0118] Repulpability Test
[0119] Repulpability of a coated paper sample was determined as follows. A metal carafe was filled with 2-liter (L) of tap water and placed into a hot water bath set to 50 ± 10℃ (125 ± 10°F) . Using 25 g of oven dried, coated paper sample, each sample was cut into 1.25” x 4” strips. These strips were placed into a 1-gallon Waring blender with 1.5 L of the hot water from the metal carafe and mixed on low speed (15,000 rpm) for 4 min. After 4 min of mixing, the pulp mixture was poured into the pulp disintegrator bowl. The blender was rinsed with the remaining 0.5 L of hot water from the carafe and added to the pulp mixture. The bowl was mounted on the pulp disintegrator and latched in place before closing the lid. The revolution counter was set to 15,000. This is equivalent to 2900 ± 100 rpm for 5.2 min. Once set, the disintegrator was started and allowed to run for the full 15,000 rotations.
[0120] While the pulp disintegration was in process, the Somerville screen was set up. A 0.010” slotted metal screen was placed directly on the center of the rubber gasket and the diaphragm chamber closed. The screen was plugged in, and the water hose was attached to the screen plate. Using a 40 mesh (top) and a 60 mesh (bottom) sieve, the sieves were placed into the metal drain box to catch the acceptable fibers that passed through the screen plate. The water was turned on to fill up the diaphragm chamber. The weir was pushed all the way down in the weirbox (on the side of the diaphragm chamber) to ensure that the appropriate water level was maintained in the chamber. Once the water level was at the appropriate level, the shaker drive was turned to “hand” , at which point the motor controlling the screen vibration was initiated.
[0121] The fully pulped mixture from the disintegrator bowl was slowly poured into the diaphragm chamber. Any residual fibers still in the bowl were rinsed with tap water and added into the chamber. After 1-2 min, the top sieve starts to get blinded. It was removed and the water continued flowing through the bottom sieve. Blinding in the bottom sieve was minimal. Any blinding was remedied by pushing the fibers in the sieve to the side with a tongue depressor stick. The screen ran for 20 min. After the 20 min, the shaker drive was turned to “auto” , at which point the motor controlling the screen vibration stopped.
[0122] The water was turned off. The weir was lifted up to allow for the water to flow out of the chamber until it is empty. The chamber was opened and tilted it away from the screen plate. Any fibers or coating left on the screen plate after the 20-min run is deemed a reject. The rejected material was wiped off the screen and placed into an aluminum pan. The rejected material was dried overnight in an oven at 60 ℃ (140°F) and then weighed using balance as “net rejects” .
[0123] The percent rejects ( “%Rejects” ) and percent recovery ( “%Recovery” ) are calculated using the following equations:
[0124] %Rejects = (net rejects x 100%) / (net accepts + net rejects) ,
[0125] where “net accepts + net jects” refers to the weight of the coated paper sample used for the test.
[0126] %Recovery = (100%-%Rejects) .
[0127] Table 4. OTR and WVTR Properties
[0128] As shown in Table 4, all IEs 1-7 samples with specified multilayer coatings all showed excellent water vapor barrier properties (WVTR < 10 g / (m2·day) (38 ℃, 90%RH) ) and oxygen barrier properties (OTR < 1.0 cc / (m2·day) (23 ℃, 50%RH) ) .
[0129] In contrast, all CE samples failed at least one or both requirements for WVTR and OTR. Coated paper samples each with a single POD coating layer all exhibited WVTR performance > 29 g / (m2·day) and poor oxygen barrier properties (OTR > 500 cc / (m2·day) ) (CE-1 (a) and (b) , and CE-2 (a) and (b) ) . CE-11 and CE-12 each with a single coating layer of PAA / PVOH without any pigment exhibited good OTR performance (< 1 cc / (m2·day) ) but showed very poor water vapor barrier properties (WVTR > 1000 g / (m2·day) ) . It is noted that simply addition of inorganic pigments into the PVOH / PAA coating layer couldn't improve both oxygen barrier and water vapor barrier properties. For example, as compared to CE-11 and CE-12, addition of mica into the PAA / PVOH coating layer gave coated samples (CE-6 (a) and (b) , and CE-7 (a) and (b) ) with slightly improved water vaper barrier properties (WVTR > 220 g / (m2·day) ) , which still failed to meet the WVTR requirement and showed compromised oxygen barrier properties (OTR >3 cc / (m2·day) ) . Addition of Finntalc into PAA / PVOH coating layer was not useful to improve the water vapor barrier properties either (CE-9 and CE-10) .
[0130] When POD-B and Blend-3 are each independently used for forming a single coating layer on paper, the obtained comparative articles (CE-2 (a) and (b) each with a POD-B coating layer only and CE-6 (a) with Blend-3 coating layer only) all showed worse water vaper barrier properties (WVTR much higher than 10 g / (m2·day) ) than IE-5 sample. Similarly, IE-2 with multilayer coatings derived from POD-B and Blend-7 showed significantly improved WVTR properties than CE-10 (with only Blend-7 coating layer) and much better oxygen barrier properties than CE-2 (a) and (b) each with a POD-B coating layer only. IE-6 with multilayer coatings derived from POD-B and Blend-4 showed significantly improved both oxygen barrier and water vapor barrier properties than CE-7 (a) and (b) (> 100 cc / (m2·day) ) each with Blend-4 single coating layers and CE-2 (a) and (b) each with only a POD-B coating layer. It shows synergistic effects between the HDPE / EMAA copolymer layer (i.e., the first coating layer) with the PVOH / PAA / Pigment layer (i.e., the second coating layer) in improving water vapor barrier properties while enabling a coated article to provide both excellent oxygen barrier and excellent water vapor barrier properties specified above.
[0131] CE-13 and CE-14 samples with multilayer coatings where the topcoats are free of PAA. CE-15 and CE-8 samples with multilayer coatings where the topcoats have PAA at a concentration too low (5%) and too high (50%) , respectively. CEs 8, 13, 14, and 15 all showed undesirably high WVTR values (13 g / (m2·day) or even higher) .
[0132] Table 5 gives results of repulpability properties. Surprisingly, the specified multilayer coating structure also helps to improve repulpability properties, as indicated by at least 85%fiber recovery for IE-2 and IE-6 coated paper samples. The inventive samples (IE-2 and IE-6) achieved much better repulpability than CE-1 (b) with a single coating layer of HDPE / EMAA copolymer (recovery %< 75%) .
[0133] Table 5. Repulpability Properties
Claims
1.An article comprising a paper substrate, a first coating layer, and a second coating layer;wherein the first coating layer resides between the paper substrate and the second coating layer and comprises, by weight based on the weight of the first coating layer,(1a) from 50%to 80%of a high-density polyethylene having a density in a range of 0.930 to 0.980 g / cm3; and(1b) from 20%to 50%of an ethylene- (meth) acrylic acid copolymer; wherein the ethylene- (meth) acrylic acid copolymer has a degree of neutralization in a range of greater than 5%to 75%, and wherein the ethylene- (meth) acrylic acid copolymer comprises ethylene units, (meth) acrylic acid units, and units of a (meth) acrylic acid salt at a mole-to-mole ratio of ethylene units to units of (meth) acrylic acid and the (meth) acrylic acid salt in a range of 95: 5 to 90: 10;wherein the second coating layer comprises:(2a) an ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer having a saponification degree of 80 mol%or more;(2b) a (meth) acrylic acid polymer comprising 50%to 100%of structural units of (meth) acrylic acid, by weight based on the weight of the (meth) acrylic acid polymer;wherein the (meth) acrylic acid polymer is present in an amount such that the weight ratio of the (meth) acrylic acid polymer to the ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer in a range of 10: 90 to 45: 55; and(2c) from 1%to 50%of an inorganic pigment, by weight based on the weight of the second coating layer.2.The article of claim 1, wherein the weight ratio of the (meth) acrylic acid polymer to the ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer is in a range of 15: 85 to 40: 60.3.The article of claim 1 or 2, wherein the concentration of the inorganic pigment is in a range of 10%to 40%, by weight based on the weight of the second coating layer.4.The article of any one of claims 1-3, wherein the inorganic pigment is selected from mica, talc, dolomite, magnesium carbonate, zeolite, kaolin, or mixtures thereof.5.The article of any one of claims 1-4, wherein the (meth) acrylic acid polymer has a weight average molecular weight ranging from 2,000 to 400,000 g / mol.6.The article of any one of claims 1-5, wherein the high-density polyethylene and the ethylene- (meth) acrylic acid copolymer are present in a combined concentration of 90%or more, by weight based on the weight of the first coating layer.7.The article of any one of claims 1-6, where, in the ethylene- (meth) acrylic acid copolymer, the (meth) acrylic acid units are methacrylic acid units, and the (meth) acrylic acid salt units are selected from sodium salt units, potassium salt units, or combinations thereof.8.The article of any one of claims 1-7, wherein the total coat weight of the first and second coating layers is less than 25 g / m2.9.A process for preparing the article of any one of claims 1-8, comprising the steps of:(i) applying a first coating composition to a paper substrate,(ii) drying the applied first coating composition to form the first coating layer,(iii) applying a second coating composition to the first coating layer, and(iv) drying the applied second coating composition to form the second coating layer; thereby forming the article.10.A paper packaging comprising the article of any one of claims 1-8.
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