Encapsulated perovskite solar cell module and preparation method

Abstract

The present invention belongs to the technical field of perovskite solar cells, and particularly relates to an encapsulated perovskite solar cell module and a preparation method. The encapsulated perovskite solar cell module comprises a substrate, a perovskite solar cell module and an encapsulation assembly that are sequentially stacked from bottom to top, wherein the lower surface of the encapsulation assembly is in contact with the upper surface of the substrate to form a sealed structure, and the perovskite solar cell module is located within the sealed structure; and the encapsulation assembly comprises at least two inorganic layers and at least one organic layer, which are alternately stacked, the outermost layer of the encapsulation assembly being an inorganic layer, the organic layer being prepared by means of vapor deposition of an organic molecular material. The encapsulation assembly in the present invention can improve the encapsulation effect of a perovskite solar cell device and solve the problem of perovskite solar cells decomposing under high-humidity, high-temperature, or oxygen-rich environments, etc.

Description

Packaged perovskite solar cell module and preparation method thereof TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application belongs to the technical field of perovskite battery, and particularly relates to a packaged perovskite solar cell module and a preparation method thereof. BACKGROUND

[0002] In the third generation of solar cell technology, perovskite solar cells have attracted widespread attention due to their low cost and high efficiency. In the industrialization of perovskite solar cells, device stability has always been a problem that has been overlooked.

[0003] Then, perovskite solar cells all have different degrees of decomposition phenomenon, especially in high humidity, high temperature or oxygen-rich environment, the decomposition process of perovskite will be accelerated, and its decay is particularly serious. Therefore, how to improve the stability of perovskite solar cell devices has become a problem to be solved.

[0004] Therefore, the present application provides a packaged perovskite solar cell module and a preparation method thereof to solve the above technical problems. SUMMARY

[0005] The present application aims to overcome the above-mentioned shortcomings of the prior art, and provides a packaged perovskite solar cell module and a preparation method thereof. The battery module is provided with a packaging assembly, which solves the problem of decomposition of perovskite solar cells in high humidity, high temperature or oxygen-rich environment.

[0006] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present application adopts the following technical solutions:

[0007] On the one hand, the present application provides a packaged perovskite solar cell module, which comprises a substrate, a perovskite solar cell module and a packaging assembly which are sequentially stacked from bottom to top, and the lower surface of the packaging assembly is in contact with the upper surface of the substrate to form a sealed structure, and the perovskite solar cell module is located in the sealed structure.

[0008] The packaging assembly comprises at least two inorganic layers and at least one organic layer, the inorganic layers and the organic layers are alternately stacked, and the outermost layer of the packaging assembly is an inorganic layer.

[0009] The organic layer is made of organic molecular material by evaporation.

[0010] Further specifically, the substrate is not limited, and any conductive substrate known in the art can be used as long as the purpose of the present application can be achieved, which can be selected from fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) or indium-doped tin oxide (ITO).

[0011] Further, the total number of layers of the encapsulation assembly is N layers, wherein N is an odd number, and 3≤N≤17.

[0012] Specifically, the organic layer is an organic thin film.

[0013] It should be noted that the encapsulation assembly contains any number of organic thin films and inorganic layers within the above range. The total number of combinations of the organic thin films and inorganic layers can be flexibly set according to the blocking property of the perovskite solar cell assembly to actual oxygen, moisture, water vapor and / or chemicals.

[0014] Specifically, the total number of organic thin films and inorganic layers can be 3 layers, 5 layers, 7 layers, 9 layers, 11 layers, 13 layers, 15 layers, and 17 layers. If the total number of organic thin films and inorganic layers is 5 layers, including a first inorganic layer, a second inorganic layer, a third inorganic layer, a first organic thin film and a second organic thin film, the first inorganic layer, the first organic thin film, the second inorganic layer, the second organic thin film and the third inorganic layer are sequentially deposited from inside to outside.

[0015] It should be noted that in this encapsulation structure, the organic thin film and the inorganic layer are alternately deposited, thereby supplementing or strengthening the encapsulation effect of the perovskite solar cell assembly.

[0016] Further, the thickness of a single layer of the organic layer is 500 nm to 50 μm.

[0017] It should be noted that the thickness of a single layer of the organic layer can be adaptively prepared according to actual packaging requirements. Optionally, the thickness is in the range of 500 nm to 700 nm, 701 nm to 900 nm, 901 nm to 1 μm, 1.1 μm to 10 μm, 10.1 μm to 20 μm, 20.1 μm to 30 μm, 30.1 μm to 40 μm, 40.1 μm to 50 μm, and the like, which will not be listed one by one here.

[0018] Further, the organic molecular material contains compounds containing heteroatoms, and the heteroatoms are N and / or O.

[0019] The compounds include: 8-hydroxyquinoline aluminum (CAS: 2085-33-8), 9-dimethyl-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (CAS: 4733-39-5), 1,3,5-tris(1-phenyl-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)benzene (CAS: 192198-85-9), 2-(4-biphenyl)-5-phenyloxadiazole (CAS: 852-38-0), 6-fluoro-2-(2'-fluoro-[1,1'-biphenyl]-4-yl)-3-methylquinoline-4-carboxylic acid (CAS: 96187-53-0), and at least one of the following formulas 1-6:

[0020] Further, the material of the inorganic layer includes at least one of silicon oxide (Si x1 O y1 ), silicon nitride (Si x2 N y2 ), silicon oxynitride (SiO x3 N y3 ), zinc oxide (ZnO), antimony trioxide (Sb2O3), aluminum oxide (Al x4 O y4 ), indium oxide (In2O3) or tin oxide (SnO2); wherein x1, x2, x3, x4, y1, y2, y3, y4 are all integers in the range of 1-5.

[0021] Further, the outermost layer of the packaging assembly is an inorganic layer, and the thickness of the single-layer inorganic layer is 5nm-10μm. When the thickness of the inorganic layer is less than 5nm, the water and oxygen barrier ability of the inorganic layer becomes poor. When the thickness of the inorganic layer is greater than 10μm, the stress of the inorganic layer is too large, and cracks are prone to occur later.

[0022] It should be noted that the thickness of the single-layer inorganic layer can be adaptively prepared according to actual packaging requirements. Optionally, the thickness is in the range of 5nm-20nm, 21nm-40nm, 41nm-80nm, 81nm-100nm, 101nm-300nm, 301nm-500nm, 501nm-700nm, 701nm-900nm, 901nm-1000nm, 1.1μm-2μm, 2.1μm-4μm, 4.1μm-6μm, 6.1μm-8μm, 8.1μm-10μm, etc. This will not be listed one by one here.

[0023] Further, the perovskite solar cell assembly comprises: a hole transport layer, a perovskite layer, an electron transport layer and a metal electrode layer which are sequentially stacked from bottom to top; the lower surface of the hole transport layer is in contact with the upper surface of the substrate;

[0024] Or an electron transport layer, a perovskite layer, a hole transport layer and a metal electrode layer which are sequentially stacked from bottom to top; the lower surface of the electron transport layer is in contact with the upper surface of the substrate;

[0025] The inorganic layer of the outermost layer of the packaging assembly is arranged on the top of the metal electrode layer, and the lower surface of the inorganic layer is in contact with the upper surface of the substrate, for sealing the perovskite solar cell assembly.

[0026] Further, the perovskite solar cell of the present application can also include other layers, specifically a passivation layer, etc.

[0027] Further, the material of the electron transport layer is not limited in the present application, and can be a material known to those skilled in the art or a combination thereof, as long as the purpose of the present application can be achieved, and can be selected from a titanium dioxide (TiO2) electron transport layer, a tin dioxide (SnO2) electron transport layer, or a zinc oxide (ZnO) electron transport layer, etc.

[0028] Further, the material of the perovskite layer is not limited in the present application, and can be a material known to those skilled in the art or a combination thereof, as long as the purpose of the present application can be achieved, and the perovskite layer comprises a perovskite material having an ABO3 type structure, and the perovskite material is selected from any one of CH3NH3PbBr3, CH3NH3PbI3, CH3NH3PbI2Cl, CH3NH3Pb(I 1-x Br x )3, wherein 0≤x≤1; and the preparation process of the perovskite layer is not limited in the present application, and can be prepared by a solution spin coating method, a solution blade coating method, a solution spray coating method, a slot coating method, or a vapor method, etc.

[0029] Further, the material of the hole transport layer is not limited in the present application, and can be a material known to those skilled in the art or a combination thereof, as long as the purpose of the present application can be achieved, and can be any one of nickel oxide, doped nickel oxide, cuprous iodide, cuprous thiocyanate, poly[bis(4-phenyl)(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)amine] (PTAA), PEDOT:PSS, or a layered structure prepared by Spiro-OMeTAD; the thickness of the hole transport layer is not limited in the present application, as long as the purpose of the present application can be achieved, and preferably, the thickness of the hole transport layer is 10 nm to 100 nm; in addition, the preparation process of the hole transport layer is not limited in the present application, as long as the purpose of the present application can be achieved, and can be prepared by a solution spin coating method, a solution blade coating method, a slot coating method, or a vapor phase method, etc.

[0030] Further specifically, the material of the metal electrode layer is not limited in the present application, which can be the material known to the person skilled in the art or a combination thereof, as long as the purpose of the present application can be achieved, and can be any one of gold (Au) electrode, silver (Ag) electrode, aluminum (Al) electrode or copper (Cu) electrode; and the thickness of the metal electrode layer is not limited in the present application, as long as the purpose of the present application can be achieved, preferably, the thickness of the metal electrode layer is 50 nm to 100 nm, and the metal electrode layer with the thickness in the range can achieve better effect, of course, the person skilled in the art can select a suitable thickness of the metal electrode layer according to the need; in addition, the preparation process of the metal electrode layer is not limited in the present application, as long as the purpose of the present application can be achieved, and the thermal evaporation method can be used for preparation.

[0031] On the other hand, the present application also provides a preparation method of a packaging assembly, based on the packaging perovskite solar cell assembly described above, including depositing and coating on the top of the perovskite solar cell assembly in the form of inorganic layer-organic layer-inorganic layer alternately, and the outermost layer is inorganic layer, and finally the inorganic layer-organic layer-inorganic layer deposited and coated on the surface of the perovskite solar cell assembly is the packaging assembly.

[0032] Further, the inorganic layer is that the material of the inorganic layer is deposited and coated on the surface of the perovskite solar cell assembly by plasma deposition process or vacuum deposition process, to form the inorganic layer.

[0033] Specifically, the plasma deposition process or vacuum deposition process includes sputtering, chemical vapor deposition (CVD), plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD), evaporation, sublimation, electron cyclotron resonance-plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (ECR-PECVD) and a combination thereof.

[0034] Further, the organic layer is that the organic molecular material is deposited and coated on the surface of the inorganic layer by evaporation process, to form an organic thin film, i.e. to obtain the organic layer;

[0035] In the evaporation process, the evaporation speed is 0.1 nm / s to 1 nm / s. The evaporation temperature is 150℃ to 400℃.

[0036] The adhesion between the inorganic layer and the organic thin film of the present application is very important. If the adhesion is insufficient, the interface between the inorganic layer and the organic thin film is prone to cause defects, thereby resulting in poor encapsulation effect. At the same time, due to the stress problem of the inorganic layer, the inorganic layer is prone to crack, and the inorganic layer is prone to separate from the organic thin film. Therefore, the organic molecular material selected in the present application not only has good uniformity and film forming stability when evaporated into a film, but also is beneficial to relieve the stress of the inorganic layer and make up for the defects existing in the inorganic layer. At the same time, the inorganic layer and the inorganic layer also have excellent adhesion, which improves the long-term stability of the perovskite solar cell module.

[0037] Compared with the prior art, the present application has the following beneficial effects:

[0038] 1) The present application provides a packaged perovskite solar cell module, which is packaged by arranging a packaging assembly on the surface of the perovskite solar cell module, and the packaging assembly comprises inorganic layers and organic layers arranged alternately, wherein the organic layer is an organic thin film prepared by evaporating an organic molecular material, the organic thin film has a large spatial structure, good uniformity and film forming stability, and also has a good film forming morphology, which can improve the packaging effect of the perovskite solar cell device;

[0039] 2) The present application uses an organic molecular material containing nitrogen atoms and / or oxygen atoms, which can effectively improve the adhesion between the prepared organic thin film and the inorganic layer;

[0040] 3) The present application provides a preparation method of a packaging assembly, which is prepared by evaporating an organic molecular material on the inorganic layer to prepare an organic thin film. The organic thin film is helpful to buffer stress, make up for the defects of the inorganic layer, improve the packaging quality, surface morphology and packaging effect, and further provides a feasible implementation scheme for realizing large-area preparation of the packaged perovskite solar cell module. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0041] The drawings incorporated into the specification and forming part of the specification, together with the specification, serve to explain the principles of the present application.

[0042] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application or the prior art, the drawings needed in the embodiments or the prior art description will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, for those skilled in the art, other drawings can also be obtained without creative labor.

[0043] Fig. 1 is a cross-sectional schematic view of the packaged perovskite solar cell module of embodiment 1 of the present application;

[0044] Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional schematic view of the packaged perovskite solar cell module of embodiment 4 of the present application;

[0045] Figure 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a perovskite solar cell module encapsulated according to Comparative Example 2;

[0046] Figure 4 is a performance test PCE-t curve of the perovskite solar cell module encapsulated according to Examples 1-4;

[0047] Figure 5 is a performance test PCE-t curve of the perovskite solar cell module encapsulated according to Examples 1 and Comparative Examples 1-2.

[0048] wherein: 10, substrate; 20, perovskite solar cell module; 30, encapsulation module; 31, first inorganic layer; 32, first organic thin film; 33, second inorganic layer; 34, second organic thin film; 35, third inorganic layer. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0049] The exemplary embodiments will be described in detail herein below, and the implementations described in the following exemplary embodiments do not represent all implementations consistent with the present disclosure. Rather, they are merely examples consistent with some aspects of the present disclosure as detailed in the appended claims.

[0050] Example 1

[0051] Referring to Figure 1, the present disclosure provides a perovskite solar cell module encapsulated, comprising a substrate 10, a perovskite solar cell module 20 and an encapsulation module 30 stacked in order from bottom to top, and the lower surface of the encapsulation module 30 is in contact with the upper surface of the substrate 10 to form a sealed structure, and the perovskite solar cell module 20 is located in the sealed structure.

[0052] The encapsulation module 30 comprises at least two inorganic layers and at least one organic layer, the inorganic layers and the organic layer are alternately stacked, and the outermost layer of the encapsulation module 30 is an inorganic layer.

[0053] The organic layer is made of organic molecular material by evaporation, specifically an organic thin film.

[0054] In this embodiment, the total number of layers of the encapsulation module 30 is 3, including a first inorganic layer 31, a first organic thin film 32 and a second inorganic layer 33 deposited in order from inside to outside, as shown in Figure 1.

[0055] The thickness of the first inorganic layer 31 is 5 μm, and the thickness of the second inorganic layer 33 is 4 μm, and the material of the first inorganic layer 31 and the second inorganic layer 33 is silicon oxynitride (SiON); the material of the first organic thin film 32 is aluminum 8-hydroxyquinoline (CAS: 2085-33-8), and the thickness is 800 nm.

[0056] Further, the perovskite solar cell assembly 20 comprises an electron transport layer, a perovskite layer, a hole transport layer, and a metal electrode layer which are sequentially stacked from bottom to top, and a lower surface of the electron transport layer is in contact with an upper surface of the substrate 10.

[0057] The first inorganic layer 31 is arranged on top of the metal electrode layer and a lower surface of the first inorganic layer 31 is in contact with the upper surface of the substrate 10, so as to seal the perovskite solar cell assembly 20.

[0058] Specifically, in the embodiment, the substrate 10 is an ITO conductive glass substrate. The substrate is pretreated, including ultrasonic cleaning of the ITO conductive glass substrate with ITO cleaning agent, water, ethanol and acetone mixed solution (V 乙醇 :V 丙酮 =1:1), water, and then dried by nitrogen gun and treated by UV-ozone for 10 min.

[0059] In the embodiment, the preparation of the electron transport layer comprises: 1) preparing a mesoporous titanium dioxide ethanol solution by mixing a titanium dioxide slurry and ethanol at a mass fraction ratio of 1:5, and ultrasonicating the mesoporous titanium dioxide ethanol solution for 30 min to obtain a precursor solution; 2) spin coating 100 μL of the precursor solution on the surface of the pretreated ITO conductive glass substrate, and then transferring it to a hot oven and heating at a temperature of 70°C for 30 min; 3) annealing at a temperature of 180°C for 30 min, and naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain a titanium dioxide electron transport layer.

[0060] In the embodiment, the preparation of the perovskite layer comprises: 1) mixing 760.65 mg of lead iodide (PbI2), 246.9 mg of formamidinium hydriodide (FAI), 12.5 mg of methylammonium bromide (MABr), 18.72 mg of cesium iodide (CsI), and 21.95 mg of methylammonium chloride in 1 mL of a mixed solution of dimethylformamide and dimethyl sulfoxide (V 二甲基甲酰胺 :V 二甲基亚砜 =4:1) for 3 h to prepare a perovskite precursor solution; 2) spin coating the perovskite precursor solution on the surface of the prepared titanium dioxide electron transport layer, and forming a film after solidification to complete the preparation of the perovskite layer; wherein the spin coating speed is 2000 rpm and the spin coating time is 10 s.

[0061] In this embodiment, the preparation of the hole transport layer comprises: 1) 90 mg of Spiro-OMeTAD, 28.5 μL of tributyl phosphate, 17.8 μL of a mixed solution of lithium bis-trifluoromethanesulfonimide and acetonitrile (520 mg / mL of lithium bis-trifluoromethanesulfonimide dissolved in acetonitrile), 20 μL of a mixed solution of FK209 and acetonitrile (200 mg / mL of FK209 dissolved in acetonitrile) are added to 1 mL of chlorobenzene and stirred for 5 h to prepare a Spiro-OMeTAD precursor solution; 2) 28 μL of the Spiro-OMeTAD precursor solution is spin-coated on the surface of the perovskite layer prepared above to obtain a hole transport layer; wherein the spin-coating speed is 3000 rpm and the spin-coating time is 30 s.

[0062] In this embodiment, the preparation of the metal electrode layer comprises: an Au electrode is deposited on the surface of the hole transport layer prepared above by a thermal evaporation method, and the thickness of the metal electrode layer is 50 nm.

[0063] The present application also provides a preparation method of a packaging assembly. Based on the packaged perovskite solar cell assembly of the present application, an inorganic layer-organic layer-inorganic layer is deposited on the top of the perovskite solar cell assembly 20 in an alternating manner, and the outermost layer is an inorganic layer. The inorganic layer and the organic layer finally deposited on the surface of the perovskite solar cell assembly 20 are the packaging assembly 30. The packaging assembly 30 of the present application is 3 layers, comprising a first inorganic layer 31, a first organic thin film 32 and a second inorganic layer 33 deposited in order from inside to outside, and the specific preparation process is as follows:

[0064] Step one, preparation of the first inorganic layer 31

[0065] Silicon oxynitride (SiON) is deposited on the surface of the metal electrode layer by CVD (chemical vapor deposition) to form the first inorganic layer 31.

[0066] Step two, preparation of the first organic thin film 32

[0067] The 8-hydroxyquinoline aluminum material is deposited on the surface of the first inorganic layer 31 by evaporation to form the first organic thin film 32; wherein the evaporation speed is The evaporation temperature is 320℃.

[0068] Step three, preparation of the second inorganic layer 33

[0069] Silicon oxynitride (SiON) is deposited on the surface of the first organic thin film 32 by CVD (chemical vapor deposition) to form the second inorganic layer 33, i.e. to obtain the packaging assembly 30.

[0070] Example 2

[0071] The embodiment differs from embodiment 1 in that:

[0072] 1) The thickness of the first inorganic layer 31 is 10 μm, and the thickness of the second inorganic layer 33 is 5 μm. The material of the first inorganic layer 31 is silicon nitride (Si3N4), and the material of the second inorganic layer 33 is aluminum oxide (Al2O3).

[0073] 2) The perovskite solar cell assembly 20 comprises, from bottom to top, a hole transport layer, a perovskite layer, an electron transport layer, and a metal electrode layer, and the lower surface of the hole transport layer is in contact with the upper surface of the substrate 10.

[0074] The first inorganic layer 31 is arranged on the top of the metal electrode layer, and the lower surface of the first inorganic layer 31 is in contact with the upper surface of the substrate 10, for sealing the perovskite solar cell assembly 20.

[0075] Specifically, in the embodiment, the substrate 10 is an ITO conductive glass substrate. The substrate is pretreated, including ultrasonic cleaning of the ITO conductive glass substrate with ITO cleaning agent, water, ethanol and acetone mixed solution (V 乙醇 :V 丙酮 =1:1), water, and then dried with a nitrogen gun and treated with UV-ozone for 10 min.

[0076] In the embodiment, the preparation of the hole transport layer comprises: 1) 90 mg of Spiro-OMeTAD, 28.5 μL of tributyl phosphate, 17.8 μL of a mixed solution of lithium bis-trifluoromethanesulfonimide and acetonitrile (520 mg / mL of lithium bis-trifluoromethanesulfonimide dissolved in acetonitrile), 20 μL of a mixed solution of FK209 and acetonitrile (200 mg / mL of FK209 dissolved in acetonitrile) are added to 1 mL of chlorobenzene and stirred for 5 h to prepare a Spiro-OMeTAD precursor solution; 2) 28 μL of the Spiro-OMeTAD precursor solution is spin-coated on the surface of the ITO conductive glass substrate to obtain the hole transport layer; wherein the spin-coating speed is 3000 rpm, and the spin-coating time is 30 s.

[0077] In the embodiment, the preparation of the perovskite layer comprises: 1) 760.65 mg of lead iodide (PbI2), 246.9 mg of formamidinium hydriodide (FAI), 12.5 mg of methylammonium bromide (MABr), 18.72 mg of cesium iodide (CsI), and 21.95 mg of methylammonium chloride are mixed and dissolved in 1 mL of a mixed solution of dimethylformamide and dimethyl sulfoxide (V 二甲基甲酰胺 :V 二甲基亚砜=4:1) for 3h, to prepare a perovskite precursor solution; 2) spin-coating the perovskite precursor solution on the surface of the hole transport layer prepared above to form a film after solidification, to complete the preparation of the perovskite layer; wherein the spin-coating speed is 2000 rpm and the spin-coating time is 10s.

[0078] In this embodiment, the preparation of the electron transport layer includes: 1) preparing an ethanol solution of mesoporous titanium dioxide by mixing titanium dioxide slurry and ethanol at a mass fraction ratio of 1:5, and ultrasonicating the ethanol solution of mesoporous titanium dioxide for 30 min to obtain a precursor solution; 2) taking 100 μL of the precursor solution and spin-coating it on the surface of the perovskite layer prepared above, and then transferring it to a hot oven for heating at a temperature of 70°C for 30 min; 3) annealing at a temperature of 180°C for 30 min, and naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain a titanium dioxide electron transport layer.

[0079] In this embodiment, the preparation of the metal electrode layer includes: depositing an Au electrode on the surface of the titanium dioxide electron transport layer prepared above by a thermal evaporation method, and the thickness of the metal electrode layer is 50 nm.

[0080] 3) The present embodiment also provides a preparation method of a packaging assembly. Based on the packaged perovskite solar cell assembly of the present embodiment, the packaging assembly 30 is deposited on the top of the perovskite solar cell assembly 20 in the form of inorganic layer-organic layer-inorganic layer alternation, and the outermost layer is an inorganic layer. The inorganic layer and the organic layer deposited on the surface of the perovskite solar cell assembly 20 are the packaging assembly 30. The packaging assembly 30 of the present embodiment is 3 layers, including a first inorganic layer 31, a first organic thin film 32 and a second inorganic layer 33 deposited from inside to outside in sequence, and the specific preparation process is as follows:

[0081] Step one, preparation of the first inorganic layer 31

[0082] Silicon nitride (Si3N4) is deposited on the surface of the metal electrode layer by CVD (chemical vapor deposition) to form the first inorganic layer 31.

[0083] Step two, preparation of the first organic thin film 32

[0084] 8-hydroxyquinoline aluminum (CAS: 2085-33-8) material is deposited on the surface of the first inorganic layer 31 by evaporation to form the first organic thin film 32; wherein the evaporation speed is 0.1 A / s. The evaporation temperature is 150°C.

[0085] Step three, preparation of the second inorganic layer 33

[0086] The second inorganic layer 33 is formed by depositing and coating aluminum oxide (Al2O3) on the surface of the first organic thin film 32 by CVD (chemical vapor deposition), that is, the packaging assembly 30 is prepared.

[0087] Example 3

[0088] The difference between this embodiment and Example 1 is that:

[0089] 1) The thickness of the first inorganic layer 31 is 5 μm, and the thickness of the second inorganic layer 33 is 10 μm. The material of the first inorganic layer 31 is a mixture of silicon oxide (SiO2) and silicon nitride (Si3N4) with a mass ratio of 1:1, and the material of the second inorganic layer 33 is aluminum oxide (Al2O3);

[0090] The material of the first organic thin film 32 is a mixture of 9-dimethyl-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (CAS: 4733-39-5) and 1,3,5-tris(1-phenyl-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)benzene (CAS: 192198-85-9) with a mass ratio of 1:1, and the thickness of the first organic thin film 32 is 50 μm.

[0091] 2) The present embodiment also provides a preparation method of a packaging assembly. Based on the packaged perovskite solar cell assembly of the present embodiment, the inorganic layer-organic layer-inorganic layer is deposited and coated on the top of the perovskite solar cell assembly 20 in an alternating manner, and the outermost layer is an inorganic layer. The inorganic layer and the organic layer finally deposited and coated on the surface of the perovskite solar cell assembly 20 are the packaging assembly 30. The packaging assembly 30 of the present embodiment is 3 layers, including the first inorganic layer 31, the first organic thin film 32 and the second inorganic layer 33 deposited in order from inside to outside. The specific preparation process is as follows:

[0092] Step one, preparing the first inorganic layer 31

[0093] A mixture of silicon oxide (SiO2) and silicon nitride (Si3N4) is deposited and coated on the surface of the metal electrode layer by CVD (chemical vapor deposition) to form the first inorganic layer 31.

[0094] Step two, preparing the first organic thin film 32

[0095] A mixture of 9-dimethyl-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (CAS: 4733-39-5) and 1,3,5-tris(1-phenyl-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)benzene (CAS: 192198-85-9) is deposited and coated on the surface of the first inorganic layer 31 by evaporation to form the first organic thin film 32; wherein the evaporation speed is The evaporation temperature is 200°C.

[0096] Step three, preparing the second inorganic layer 33

[0097] Aluminum oxide (Al2O3) is deposited on the surface of the first organic thin film 32 by CVD (chemical vapor deposition) to form the second inorganic layer 33, that is, the encapsulation assembly 30 is prepared.

[0098] Example 4

[0099] The difference between this embodiment and Example 1 is:

[0100] 1) The total number of layers of the encapsulation assembly 30 is 5, including the first inorganic layer 31, the first organic thin film 32, the second inorganic layer 33, the second organic thin film 34 and the third inorganic layer 35 deposited in turn from inside to outside, as shown in FIG. 2.

[0101] Specifically, the thickness of the first inorganic layer 31, the second inorganic layer 33 and the third inorganic layer 35 is 3 μm, the material of the first inorganic layer 31, the second inorganic layer 33 and the third inorganic layer 35 is indium oxide (In2O3), the material of the first organic thin film 32 and the second organic thin film 34 is 6-fluoro-2-(2'-fluoro-[1,1'-biphenyl]-4-yl)-3-methylquinoline-4-carboxylic acid (CAS: 96187-53-0), and the thickness of the first organic thin film 32 and the second organic thin film 34 is 500 nm.

[0102] 2) The present application also provides a preparation method of an encapsulation assembly, based on the encapsulated perovskite solar cell assembly of the present embodiment, including depositing and coating on the top of the perovskite solar cell assembly 20 in the form of inorganic layer-organic layer-inorganic layer alternation, and the outermost layer is inorganic layer, and the inorganic layer and the organic layer finally deposited and coated on the surface of the perovskite solar cell assembly 20 is the encapsulation assembly 30. The total number of layers of the encapsulation assembly 30 of the present embodiment is 5, including the first inorganic layer 31, the first organic thin film 32, the second inorganic layer 33, the second organic thin film 34 and the third inorganic layer 35 deposited in turn from inside to outside. The specific preparation process is as follows:

[0103] Step one, preparing the first inorganic layer 31

[0104] Indium oxide (In2O3) is deposited and coated on the surface of the metal electrode layer by CVD (chemical vapor deposition) to form the first inorganic layer 31.

[0105] Step two, preparing the first organic thin film 32

[0106] 6-Fluoro-2-(2'-fluoro-[1,1'-biphenyl]-4-yl)-3-methylquinoline-4-carboxylic acid (CAS: 96187-53-0) is deposited by evaporation on the surface of the first inorganic layer 31 to form the first organic thin film 32; wherein the evaporation speed is 0.1-0.2 A / s. The evaporation temperature is 200°C.

[0107] Step three, preparation of the second inorganic layer 33

[0108] Indium oxide (In2O3) is deposited by CVD (chemical vapor deposition) on the surface of the first organic thin film 32 to form the second inorganic layer 33.

[0109] Step four, preparation of the second organic thin film 34

[0110] 6-Fluoro-2-(2'-fluoro-[1,1'-biphenyl]-4-yl)-3-methylquinoline-4-carboxylic acid (CAS: 96187-53-0) is deposited by evaporation on the surface of the second inorganic layer 33 to form the second organic thin film 34; wherein the evaporation speed is 0.1-0.2 A / s. The evaporation temperature is 200°C.

[0111] Step five, preparation of the third inorganic layer 35

[0112] Indium oxide (In2O3) is deposited by CVD (chemical vapor deposition) on the surface of the second organic thin film 34 to form the third inorganic layer 35, i.e. to obtain the encapsulation assembly 30.

[0113] Comparative Example 1

[0114] The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that the thickness of the first inorganic layer 31 of the encapsulation assembly 30 is 3 μm, and the thickness of the second inorganic layer 33 is 15 μm.

[0115] Comparative Example 2

[0116] The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that the total number of layers of the encapsulation assembly 30 is 2, including the first inorganic layer 31 and the second inorganic layer 33 deposited in turn from inside to outside, and the encapsulation assembly 30 of this comparative example does not contain an organic layer, as shown in Figure 3.

[0117] In order to illustrate the efficacy of the present application, the device stability of the encapsulated perovskite solar cell assemblies in Examples 1-4 and Comparative Examples 1-2 was tested, and the detection method is as follows:

[0118] The measurement was performed using a solar simulator, and the light intensity of the solar simulator was set to 100 mA / cm 2The test results, i.e. PCE-t curves (normalized efficiency vs. time) are shown in Figure 4.

[0119] As shown in Figure 4, the encapsulated perovskite solar cell modules of Examples 1-4 still maintain more than 88% of the initial energy conversion efficiency after 3600h in the external air environment, thus the encapsulation module 30 plays a very important role in isolating water and increasing the stability of the cell device.

[0120] As shown in Figure 5, the encapsulated perovskite solar cell device of Example 1 still maintains about 90% of the initial energy conversion efficiency after 3600h in the external air environment, while the energy conversion efficiency of the encapsulated perovskite solar cell device of Comparative Example 1 decreases to less than 70% of the initial value after 3600h. By comparing the stability of the devices, it can be seen that if the thickness of the inorganic layer is not within 5nm-10pm, the encapsulation module 30 has poor encapsulation effect on the perovskite solar cell module in the later stage, resulting in rapid decrease of the energy conversion efficiency of the corresponding cell module. The encapsulation module 30 of Comparative Example 2 only uses an inorganic layer for encapsulation, and there is no organic thin film to complement the inorganic layer, and the energy conversion efficiency of the encapsulated perovskite solar cell device decreases to 55% of the initial value after 3600h, thus if there is no organic thin film as part of the encapsulation module 30, the encapsulation effect on the perovskite solar cell module is poor.

[0121] The above description is merely that of the specific embodiments of the present application, allowing those skilled in the art to understand or implement the present application. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and generic principles defined herein can be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the application.

[0122] It should be understood that the application is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and various modifications and changes can be made without departing from the scope of the application. The scope of the application is only limited by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A packaged perovskite solar cell module, characterized by, The package assembly (30) comprises at least two inorganic layers and at least one organic layer, the inorganic layers and the organic layers are alternately stacked, and the outermost layer of the package assembly (30) is an inorganic layer. The organic layer is prepared by evaporation of organic molecular materials. The total number of layers of the package assembly (30) is N layers, N is an odd number, and 3≤N≤17.

2. The encapsulated perovskite solar cell module of claim 1, wherein, The thickness of a single layer of the organic layer is 500nm-50μm.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein The organic molecular materials contain compounds containing heteroatoms, and the heteroatoms are N and / or O.

4. The encapsulated perovskite solar cell module of claim 1, wherein, The thickness of a single layer of the inorganic layer is 5nm-10μm. The compounds include: 8-hydroxyquinoline aluminum, 9-dimethyl-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline, 1,3,5-tris(1-phenyl-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)benzene, 2-(4-biphenylyl)-5-phenyloxazole, 6-fluoro-2-(2'-fluoro-[1,1'-biphenyl]-4-yl)-3-methylquinoline-4-carboxylic acid, and at least one of the following formulas 1-6.

5. The encapsulated perovskite solar cell module of claim 1, wherein, The perovskite solar cell assembly (20) comprises: a hole transport layer, a perovskite layer, an electron transport layer, and a metal electrode layer stacked in order from bottom to top; the lower surface of the hole transport layer is in contact with the upper surface of the substrate (10); 6. The encapsulated perovskite solar cell module of claim 1, wherein, The material of the inorganic layer includes Si x1 O y1 , Si x2 N y2 , SiO x3 N y3 , ZnO, Sb2O3, Al x4 O y4 , In2O3, SnO2, at least one of which, wherein x1, x2, x3, x4, y1, y2, y3, y4 are integers in the range of 1 to 5.

7. The encapsulated perovskite solar cell module of claim 1, wherein, Or an electron transport layer, a perovskite layer, a hole transport layer, and a metal electrode layer stacked in order from bottom to top; the lower surface of the electron transport layer is in contact with the upper surface of the substrate (10); The outermost inorganic layer of the package assembly (10) is disposed on the top of the metal electrode layer, and the lower surface of the inorganic layer is in contact with the upper surface of the substrate (10), for sealing the perovskite solar cell assembly (20). The packaged perovskite solar cell assembly according to any one of claims 1-7 comprises a perovskite solar cell assembly (20) on the top of which an inorganic layer-organic layer-inorganic layer is deposited in an alternating manner, and the outermost layer is an inorganic layer, and the inorganic layer and the organic layer finally deposited on the surface of the perovskite solar cell assembly (20) are the package assembly (30).

8. A method of making a package assembly, comprising: The inorganic layer is deposited on the surface of the perovskite solar cell assembly (20) by plasma deposition process or vacuum deposition process to form an inorganic layer.

9. The method of claim 8, wherein The organic layer is deposited on the surface of the inorganic layer by evaporation process to form an organic thin film, i.e. to prepare an organic layer.

10. The method of claim 8, wherein The evaporation temperature is 150-400℃. wherein, in the evaporation process, the evaporation speed is ​

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