Signal transmission method, communication apparatus, communication system, and storage medium

Abstract

Disclosed in the embodiments of the present application are a signal transmission method, a communication apparatus, a communication system, and a storage medium, which are applied in the technical field of communications and are used for realizing association mapping between PTRS parameters and DMRS antenna ports. The method comprises: on the basis of first indexes of antenna ports of a first-type demodulation reference signal (DMRS) and a mapping table, determining a second index of a starting resource element (RE) of a phase tracking reference signal (PTRS), wherein the mapping table comprises N first indexes and values of the second index on N antenna ports, the N first indexes are indexes of the N antenna ports, and N is an integer greater than 8; and on the basis of the second index, sending the PTRS. The embodiments of the present application can implement the association between DMRS antenna ports and a PTRS under a sparse DMRS pattern, such that resource mapping can be performed on the PTRS under the sparse DMRS pattern, and phase noise estimation can be further implemented, thereby ensuring the accuracy of channel estimation.

Description

A signal transmission method, a communication device, a communication system and a storage medium

[0001] The present application claims priority from the Chinese patent application No. 202410866364.1 filed on June 28, 2024, and entitled "A signal transmission method, a communication device, a communication system and a storage medium", the content of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. TECHNICAL FIELD

[0002] Embodiments of the present application relate to the field of communication technology, and in particular to a signal transmission method, a communication device, a communication system and a storage medium. BACKGROUND

[0003] Urban air mobility (UAM) uses electric vertical take off & landing (eVTOL) unmanned aerial vehicles to provide services in the fields of passenger transportation and logistics transportation. User equipment (UE) is carried on the unmanned aerial vehicles in the UAM system, and communicates with the next generation node B (gNB) on the ground through the 5th generation (5G) new radio (NR).

[0004] Random changes in the phase of the system output signal can be caused by various noises acting on the radio frequency device. The NR protocol introduces a phase tracking reference signal (PTRS) and a phase noise estimation compensation algorithm to cope with the influence of phase noise. The PTRS is used for phase noise estimation related to the physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) or the physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH), so as to compensate for the channel estimated by the demodulation reference signal (DMRS). When calculating the mapping of the PTRS on the signal, the related parameters of the starting index in the frequency domain need to be determined in the mapping table according to the DMRS port index.

[0005] To meet the UAM service requirement, a possible implementation method is to use a more sparse DMRS pattern, so as to reduce the overhead of DMRS pilot, facilitate data multiplexing, improve data transmission rate, and facilitate reduction of DMRS pilot interference. However, when calculating the mapping of PTRS and DMRS antenna ports, the starting index of the PTRS corresponding to the increased DMRS port index is missing in the mapping table, so that normal resource mapping of the PTRS cannot be realized, which may result in failure to perform phase noise estimation based on the PTRS, poor demodulation and decoding performance of the receiver, and reduced data transmission performance. SUMMARY

[0006] The present application provides a signal transmission method, a communication device, a communication system and a storage medium, which can complete the association of DMRS antenna ports and PTRS under a sparse DMRS pattern, so that the PTRS under the sparse DMRS pattern can perform resource mapping, and then complete the estimation of phase noise, and ensure the accuracy of channel estimation.

[0007] The first aspect of the present application provides a signal transmission method. Optionally, the execution subject of the method can be a first device. The first device can be a network device, or a component or device (such as a processor, a chip, or a chip system) applied to the network device, or a logic module or software (such as a central unit (CU), a distributed unit (DU), or a radio unit (RU)) capable of realizing all or part of the functions of the network device. The first device can also be a terminal device, or a component or device (such as a processor, a chip, or a chip system) applied to the terminal device, or a logic module or software capable of realizing all or part of the functions of the terminal device. Taking the network device as an example, in the method, the network device determines a second index of a starting resource element (RE) of a phase tracking reference signal (PTRS) according to a first index of an antenna port of a first type of demodulation reference signal (DMRS) and a mapping table. The mapping table includes N first indexes, and the second index takes values on N antenna ports. The N first indexes are indexes of the N antenna ports, and N is an integer greater than 8. The network device can send the PTRS according to the second index.

[0008] In the embodiment, by extending the values of the second index under different DMRS antenna ports, the mapping relationship between the parameters and the antenna ports is perfected, so that normal resource mapping of the PTRS is realized, and then the phase noise can be estimated, and the accuracy of channel estimation is ensured.

[0009] The second aspect of the present application provides a signal transmission method. Optionally, the execution subject of the method can be a second device, which can be a terminal device, a component or device (such as a processor, a chip, or a chip system) applied to the terminal device, or a logic module or software (such as a CU, a DU, or a RU) capable of realizing all or part of the functions of the terminal device. The first device can also be a network device, or a component or device (such as a processor, a chip, or a chip system) applied to the network device, or a logic module or software capable of realizing all or part of the functions of the network device. Taking the terminal device as an example, in the method, the terminal device receives a PTRS. The terminal device determines a second index of a starting RE of the PTRS according to a first index of an antenna port of a DMRS of a first type and a mapping table. The mapping table includes N first indexes, and the second index has values on N antenna ports. The first index is an index of the N antenna ports, and the second index is used for phase noise estimation of the PTRS. N is an integer greater than 8.

[0010] Based on the first aspect or the second aspect of the present application, optionally, when the offset parameter of the DMRS is the first offset parameter, the mapping table has the following cases:

[0011] The values of the second index on at least 9 antenna ports are different from each other. The second index is an integer greater than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 11.

[0012] Based on the first aspect or the second aspect of the present application, optionally, when the offset parameter of the DMRS is the first offset parameter, the mapping table has the following cases:

[0013] The values of the second index on at least 9 antenna ports are different from each other. The second index is an integer greater than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 23.

[0014] Based on the first aspect or the second aspect of the present application, optionally, when the offset parameter of the DMRS is the first offset parameter, the mapping table has the following cases:

[0015] The values of the second index on at least 9 antenna ports are different from each other. The second index is an integer greater than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 47.

[0016] The third aspect of the present application provides a signal transmission method. Optionally, the execution subject of the method can be a first device, which can be a network device, a component or device (for example, a processor, a chip, or a chip system) applied to the network device, or a logic module or software (for example, a central unit (CU), a distributed unit (DU), or a radio unit (RU)) capable of realizing all or part of the function of the network device. The first device can also be a terminal device, a component or device (for example, a processor, a chip, or a chip system) applied to the terminal device, or a logic module or software capable of realizing all or part of the function of the terminal device. Taking the network device as an example, in the method, the network device determines a fourth index of a starting RE of a PTRS according to a third index of an antenna port of a second type of DMRS and a mapping table, the mapping table includes N third indexes, and the fourth index has a value on N antenna ports, the N third indexes are indexes of the N antenna ports, and N is an integer greater than 12. The network device can send the PTRS according to the fourth index.

[0017] The fourth aspect of the present application provides a signal transmission method. Optionally, the execution subject of the method can be a second device, which can be a terminal device, a component or device (for example, a processor, a chip, or a chip system) applied to the terminal device, or a logic module or software (for example, a CU, a DU, or a RU) capable of realizing all or part of the function of the terminal device. The first device can also be a network device, a component or device (for example, a processor, a chip, or a chip system) applied to the network device, or a logic module or software capable of realizing all or part of the function of the network device. Taking the terminal device as an example, in the method, the terminal device receives the PTRS. The terminal device can determine a fourth index of a starting RE of the PTRS according to a third index of an antenna port of a second type of DMRS and a mapping table, the mapping table includes N third indexes, and the fourth index has a value on N antenna ports, the third index is an index of the N antenna ports, the fourth index is used for phase noise estimation of the PTRS, and N is an integer greater than 12.

[0018] Based on the third aspect or the fourth aspect of the present application, optionally, when the offset parameter of the DMRS is the second offset parameter, the mapping table has the following cases:

[0019] The values of the fourth index on at least 12 antenna ports are different from each other, the fourth index is an integer greater than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 11, there is at least one first antenna port in the at least 12 antenna ports, and the third index of the first antenna port satisfies at least one of the following conditions:

[0020] The third index of the first antenna port is less than 1000.

[0021] or, the third index of the first antenna port is greater than 1005 and less than 1012;

[0022] or, the third index of the first antenna port is greater than 1017.

[0023] Based on the third aspect or the fourth aspect of the application, optionally, when the offset parameter of the DMRS is the second offset parameter, the mapping table has the following cases:

[0024] The fourth index has different values on at least 13 antenna ports, and the fourth index is an integer greater than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 23.

[0025] Based on the third aspect or the fourth aspect of the application, optionally, when the offset parameter of the DMRS is the second offset parameter, the mapping table has the following cases:

[0026] The fourth index has different values on at least 13 antenna ports, and the fourth index is an integer greater than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 47.

[0027] The fifth aspect of the application provides a communication device, characterized in that, comprising:

[0028] The processing module is configured to determine a second index of a phase tracking reference signal (PTRS) starting resource element (RE) according to a first index of an antenna port of a first type of demodulation reference signal (DMRS) and a mapping table, the mapping table comprising N first indexes, and the second index having values on N antenna ports, the N first indexes being indexes of the N antenna ports, and N being an integer greater than 8.

[0029] The interface module is configured to send the PTRS according to the second index.

[0030] The sixth aspect of the application provides a communication device, characterized in that, comprising:

[0031] The interface module is configured to receive a PTRS.

[0032] The processing module is configured to determine a second index of a phase tracking reference signal (PTRS) starting resource element (RE) according to a first index of an antenna port of a first type of demodulation reference signal (DMRS) and a mapping table, the mapping table comprising N first indexes, and the second index having values on N antenna ports, the N first indexes being indexes of the N antenna ports, and N being an integer greater than 8.

[0033] Based on the fifth aspect or the sixth aspect of the application, optionally, when the offset parameter of the DMRS is the first offset parameter, the mapping table has the following cases:

[0034] The second index has different values on the at least 9 antenna ports, and the second index is an integer greater than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 23.

[0035] Based on the fifth aspect or the sixth aspect of the present application, optionally, when the offset parameter of the DMRS is the first offset parameter, the mapping table has the following cases:

[0036] The second index has different values on the at least 9 antenna ports, and the second index is an integer greater than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 23.

[0037] Based on the fifth aspect or the sixth aspect of the present application, optionally, when the offset parameter of the DMRS is the first offset parameter, the mapping table has the following cases:

[0038] The second index has different values on the at least 9 antenna ports, and the second index is an integer greater than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 47.

[0039] The seventh aspect of the present application provides a communication device, characterized in that comprising:

[0040] The processing module is configured to determine a fourth index of a starting RE of a PTRS according to a third index of an antenna port of a second type of DMRS and a mapping table, the mapping table comprising N third indexes, and the fourth index having different values on N antenna ports, the N third indexes being indexes of the N antenna ports, and N being an integer greater than 12;

[0041] The interface module is configured to send the PTRS according to the fourth index.

[0042] The eighth aspect of the present application provides a communication device, characterized in that comprising:

[0043] The interface module is configured to receive a PTRS;

[0044] The processing module is configured to determine a fourth index of a starting RE of a PTRS according to a third index of an antenna port of a second type of DMRS and a mapping table, the mapping table comprising N third indexes, and the fourth index having different values on N antenna ports, the N third indexes being indexes of the N antenna ports, and N being an integer greater than 12.

[0045] Based on the seventh aspect or the eighth aspect of the present application, optionally, when the offset parameter of the DMRS is the second offset parameter, the mapping table has the following cases:

[0046] The fourth index has different values on the at least 12 antenna ports, and the fourth index is an integer greater than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 11, and there is at least one first antenna port in the at least 12 antenna ports, and the third index of the first antenna port satisfies at least one of the following conditions:

[0047] the third index of the first antenna port is less than 1000;

[0048] or, the third index of the first antenna port is greater than 1017.

[0049] or, the third index of the first antenna port is greater than 1017.

[0050] According to the seventh aspect or the eighth aspect of the present application, optionally, when the offset parameter of the DMRS is the second offset parameter, the mapping table has the following cases:

[0051] the fourth index is an integer greater than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 23, and the values of the fourth index on the at least 13 antenna ports are different from each other.

[0052] According to the seventh aspect or the eighth aspect of the present application, optionally, when the offset parameter of the DMRS is the second offset parameter, the mapping table has the following cases:

[0053] the fourth index is an integer greater than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 47, and the values of the fourth index on the at least 13 antenna ports are different from each other.

[0054] The ninth aspect of the present application provides a communication device, which can be a first device or a second device, or a component (such as a processor, a chip, or a chip system, etc.) applied to the first device or the second device, or a logic module or software (such as a CU, a DU, or a RU, etc.) capable of realizing all or part of the functions of the first device or the second device. The communication device comprises:

[0055] The processor is configured to execute a program, so that the communication device performs the method in any one of the possible implementation manners of the first aspect to the fourth aspect.

[0056] Optionally, the communication device further comprises a memory, and the processor is coupled to the memory; and the memory is configured to store the program.

[0057] The tenth aspect of the present application provides a chip or a chip system, which comprises at least one processor and a communication interface, the communication interface and the at least one processor are interconnected through a line, and the at least one processor is configured to run a computer program or instructions to perform the information transmission method described in any one of the possible implementation manners of the first aspect to the fourth aspect.

[0058] The communication interface in the chip can be an input / output interface, a pin, or a circuit, etc.

[0059] In a possible implementation, the chip or the chip system described above in the present application further includes at least one memory in which instructions are stored. The memory can be a storage unit inside the chip, for example, a register, a cache, etc., or a storage unit of the chip, for example, a read-only memory, a random access memory, etc.

[0060] The eleventh aspect of the present application provides a communication system, including the communication device performing the method according to the first aspect and any possible implementation thereof, and the communication device performing the method according to the second aspect and any possible implementation thereof.

[0061] Or,

[0062] including the communication device performing the method according to the third aspect and any possible implementation thereof, and the communication device performing the method according to the fourth aspect and any possible implementation thereof.

[0063] The twelfth aspect of the present application provides a computer readable storage medium, including instructions, when the instructions are run on a computer, causing the computer to perform the method according to the first aspect, or causing the computer to perform the method according to the second aspect, or causing the computer to perform the method according to the third aspect, or causing the computer to perform the method according to the fourth aspect.

[0064] The thirteenth aspect of the present application provides a computer program product including instructions, when the instructions are run on a computer, causing the computer to perform the method according to the first aspect, or causing the computer to perform the method according to the second aspect, or causing the computer to perform the method according to the third aspect, or causing the computer to perform the method according to the fourth aspect. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0065] Fig. 1 is a network structure diagram in the embodiment of the present application;

[0066] Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of one embodiment of DMRS time-frequency resource configuration pattern in the embodiment of the present application;

[0067] Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of another embodiment of DMRS time-frequency resource configuration pattern in the embodiment of the present application;

[0068] Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of one embodiment of signal transmission method in the embodiment of the present application;

[0069] Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of another embodiment of DMRS time-frequency resource configuration pattern in the embodiment of the present application;

[0070] Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of another embodiment of DMRS time-frequency resource configuration pattern in the embodiment of the present application;

[0071] FIG. 7 is another embodiment of the DMRS time-frequency resource configuration pattern in the embodiments of the present application;

[0072] FIG. 8 is another embodiment of the DMRS time-frequency resource configuration pattern in the embodiments of the present application;

[0073] FIG. 9 is an embodiment of the antenna port indication mapping method in the embodiments of the present application;

[0074] FIG. 10 is another embodiment of the signal transmission method in the embodiments of the present application;

[0075] FIG. 11 is an embodiment of the communication apparatus in the embodiments of the present application;

[0076] FIG. 12 is another embodiment of the communication apparatus in the embodiments of the present application;

[0077] FIG. 13 is another embodiment of the communication apparatus in the embodiments of the present application;

[0078] FIG. 14 is another embodiment of the communication apparatus in the embodiments of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0079] The embodiments of the present application provide a signal transmission method, a communication apparatus, a communication system and a storage medium, which can complete the association between the DMRS antenna port and the PTRS under the sparse DMRS pattern, so that the PTRS under the sparse DMRS pattern can be resource mapped, and then the phase noise is estimated, and the accuracy of the channel estimation is ensured.

[0080] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some of the embodiments of the present application, but not all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative work fall within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0081] In the present application, the reference to "one embodiment" or "some embodiments" means that the specific features, structures or characteristics described in connection with the embodiment are included in one or more embodiments of the present application. Therefore, the statements "in one embodiment", "in some embodiments", "in other some embodiments", "in further some embodiments" and the like appearing in different places in the specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment, but mean "one or more but not all embodiments", unless otherwise specifically emphasized. The terms "include", "contain", "have" and their variants mean "including but not limited to", unless otherwise specifically emphasized.

[0082] In the description of the present application, unless otherwise specified, " / " means "or", for example, A / B can mean A or B. "And / or" herein is only a description of the association relationship of the associated objects, which means that there can be three relationships, for example, A and / or B, which can mean: A exists alone, A and B exist together, and B exists alone. In addition, "at least one" means one or more, and "multiple" means two or more. "At least one of the following" or the like means any combination of the items, including any combination of single item or multiple items. For example, at least one of a, b, or c can mean: a, b, c; a and b; a and c; b and c; or a and b and c. Where a, b, and c can be single or multiple.

[0083] It can be understood that in the present application, "indication" can include direct indication, indirect indication, display indication, and implicit indication. When describing that certain indication information is used to indicate A, it can be understood that the indication information carries A, directly indicates A, or indirectly indicates A.

[0084] Firstly, some technical terms involved in the embodiments of the present application are introduced.

[0085] 1) Urban air mobility (UAM);

[0086] UAM uses electric vertical take off & landing (eVTOL) unmanned aerial vehicles for urban air mobility, providing services in the fields of passenger transportation and logistics transportation. The unmanned aerial vehicles or passengers on the unmanned aerial vehicles in the UAM system are user equipment (UE), which communicates with the next generation node b (gNB) through the ground 5th generation (5G) new radio (NR). With the development of business, UAM faces a 25 Mbps rate requirement for uplink and a 100 Mbps rate requirement for downlink. In addition, UAM may use high frequency bands in the future, using more bandwidth. UAM needs to ensure the high speed and reliability of communication transmission.

[0087] Please refer to FIG. 1, the network architecture based on which the measurement report reporting method in the embodiments of the present application is described as follows:

[0088] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a possible, non-limiting system. As shown in Figure 1, the communication system 10 includes a radio access network (RAN) 100 and a core network (CN) 200. The RAN 100 includes at least one RAN node (e.g., 110a and 110b in Figure 1, collectively referred to as 110) and at least one terminal (e.g., 120a-120j in Figure 1, collectively referred to as 120). Other RAN nodes, such as wireless relay devices and / or wireless backhaul devices (not shown in Figure 1), etc., can also be included in the RAN 100. The terminals 120 are wirelessly connected to the RAN nodes 110. The RAN nodes 110 are connected to the core network 200 through wireless or wired means. The core network devices in the core network 200 and the RAN nodes 110 in the RAN 100 can be different physical devices, or can be the same physical device integrated with core network logical functions and radio access network logical functions, respectively.

[0089] The RAN 100 can be a 3rd generation partnership project (3GPP) related cellular system, e.g., a 4G, 5G mobile communication system, or a future mobile communication system. The RAN 100 can also be an ORAN, a CRAN, or a wireless fidelity (WiFi) system. The RAN 100 can also be a communication system in which two or more of the above systems are integrated.

[0090] The RAN nodes 110, which can also be referred to as access network devices, RAN entities, or access nodes, etc., form part of the communication system and help terminals to access the wireless access. The RAN nodes 110 in the communication system 10 can be of the same type or of different types. In some scenarios, the roles of the RAN nodes 110 and the terminals 120 are relative, e.g., the network element 120i in Figure 1 can be a helicopter or a drone, which can be configured to be a mobile base station. For a terminal 120j that accesses the RAN 100 through the network element 120i, the network element 120i is a base station; but for the base station 110a, the network element 120i is a terminal. The RAN nodes 110 and the terminals 120 are sometimes referred to as communication apparatuses, e.g., the network elements 110a and 110b in Figure 1 can be understood as communication apparatuses with base station functions, and the network elements 120a-120j can be understood as communication apparatuses with terminal functions.

[0091] In a possible scenario, the RAN node can be a base station, an evolved NodeB (eNodeB), an access point (AP), a transmission reception point (TRP), a next generation NodeB (gNB), a next generation base station in a future mobile communication system, a base station in a future mobile communication system, or an access node in a WiFi system, etc. The RAN node can be a macro base station (such as 110a in FIG. 1), a micro base station or an indoor station (such as 110b in FIG. 1), a relay node or a donor node, or a wireless controller in a CRAN scenario. Optionally, the RAN node can also be a server, a wearable device, a vehicle or a vehicle-mounted device, etc. For example, the access network device in vehicle to everything (V2X) technology can be a road side unit (RSU). All or part of the functions of the RAN node in the present application can also be implemented by software functions running on hardware, or by virtualized functions instantiated on a platform (such as a cloud platform). The RAN node can also be provided with a communication module, circuit or chip for performing corresponding communication functions, and program instructions for performing corresponding communication functions. The RAN node in the present application can also be a logical node, a logical module or software that can implement all or part of the functions of the RAN node.

[0092] In another possible scenario, multiple RAN nodes cooperate to assist a terminal to implement wireless access, and different RAN nodes respectively implement part of the functions of a base station. For example, the RAN node can be a central unit (CU), a distributed unit (DU), a CU-CP, a CU-UP, or a radio unit (RU), etc. The CU and the DU can be separately arranged, or can be included in the same network element, such as a baseband unit (BBU). The RU can be included in a radio frequency device or a radio frequency unit, such as a remote radio unit (RRU), an active antenna processing unit (AAU), or a remote radio head (RRH).

[0093] In different systems, the CU (or CU-CP and CU-UP), DU or RU can also have different names, but those skilled in the art can understand their meanings. For example, in the ORAN system, the CU can also be referred to as O-CU (open CU), the DU can also be referred to as O-DU, the CU-CP can also be referred to as O-CU-CP, the CU-UP can also be referred to as O-CU-UP, and the RU can also be referred to as O-RU. For the convenience of description, the CU, CU-CP, CU-UP, DU and RU are taken as examples for description in this application. Any one of the CU (or CU-CP, CU-UP), DU and RU in this application can be implemented by a software module, a hardware module, or a combination of a software module and a hardware module.

[0094] A terminal can be a device or module with corresponding communication functions for accessing the above-mentioned communication system. The terminal can also be referred to as a terminal device, a user equipment (UE), a mobile station, a mobile terminal, etc. The terminal can be widely used in various scenarios, such as device-to-device (D2D) communication, vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication, machine-type communication (MTC), internet of things (IOT), virtual reality, augmented reality, industrial control, autonomous driving, remote medical treatment, smart power grid, smart home, smart office, smart wear, smart transportation, smart city, etc. The terminal can be a mobile phone, a tablet computer, a computer with wireless transceiver function, a wearable device, a vehicle, a drone, a helicopter, an airplane, a ship, a robot, a mechanical arm, a smart home device, a wireless communication function transport vehicle, a communication module, etc. Embodiments of the present application do not limit the device form of the terminal. The terminal usually has a communication module, circuit or chip for executing corresponding communication functions. The terminal can also be configured with program instructions for executing corresponding communication functions.

[0095] In addition, the embodiments of the present application can also be applicable to other communication technologies facing the future. The network architecture and service scenarios described in the present application are for more clearly illustrating the technical solutions of the present application, and do not constitute a limitation on the technical solutions provided by the present application. Those skilled in the art can know that, with the evolution of network architecture and the appearance of new service scenarios, the technical solutions provided by the present application are also applicable to similar technical problems.

[0096] Radio frequency devices can cause random changes in the phase of the system output signal under the action of various noises (e.g. random white noise, flicker noise, etc.). Especially in the FR2 frequency band (24250-52600 MHz), due to the increase in the number of frequency multiplication of the reference clock source, as well as the device process level and power consumption, the phase noise increases correspondingly, which deteriorates the signal-to-noise ratio of the receiver, causes a large number of errors, and thus directly limits the use of high-order modulation, seriously affects the system capacity, and reduces the system performance.

[0097] The phase tracking reference signal (PTRS) and phase noise estimation compensation algorithm are introduced in the NR protocol to cope with the influence of phase noise. The PTRS is used for phase noise estimation related to the physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) or the physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH), so as to compensate the channel estimated by the demodulation reference signal (DMRS).

[0098] The DMRS is used for channel estimation related to the PDSCH or the PUSCH. According to different DMRS port division, the protocol defines two DMRS types, configuration Type 1 (Type 1) and configuration Type 2 (Type 2), for example, DMRS Type 1 supports 4 ports in a single symbol and 8 ports in a double symbol; DMRS Type 2 supports 6 ports in a single symbol and 12 ports in a double symbol. An example of a time-frequency resource configuration pattern of the DMRS is shown in FIG. 2, in which different colored resource elements (REs) represent different code division multiplexing (CDM) groups. Each code division multiplexing group (CDM group) occupies 6 REs per resource block (RB) in Type 1, and each CDM group occupies 4 REs per RB in Type 2. One RB contains 12 REs.

[0099] The PTRS is mapped on a time-frequency resource (k, l). Taking the PDSCH as an example, the value on the time-frequency unit (k, l) is:

[0100] where k denotes the subcarrier index, l denotes the orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbol index, p denotes the antenna port index, and μ denotes the subcarrier configuration index. β PTRS,i denotes the PTRS power scaling factor, defined as the ratio of PDSCH power factor ratio (energy per resource element, EPRE) to PTRS EPRE. i = 0, 1, …. The parameter epre-Ratio is configured by higher layer signaling, and if the parameter is not configured, it is defaulted to 0. r k denotes the pilot sequence, which is the same as the DMRS pilot sequence (pseudo-random sequence (such as Gold sequence) or low peak to average power ratio sequence (PAPR)).

[0101] The RB index of PDSCH scheduling is defined as from 0 to N RB - 1, where N RB denotes the number of PDSCH scheduled RBs, i.e., the numbering order is from the lowest scheduled resource block to the highest scheduled resource block. The subcarrier index is numbered from the lowest frequency within the scheduled RB, and is from 0 to where denotes how many subcarriers there are per RB. The position (subcarrier index) k at which the PTRS is mapped in the frequency domain is denoted as:

[0102] where K PTRS ∈ {2, 4} denotes the density of the PTRS in the frequency domain, i.e., there is the PTRS every K PTRS RB. is the starting RE index, denotes:

[0103] where n RNTI denotes the radio network temporary identifier (RNTI) of the DCI scheduling this transmission. The can be determined according to the DMRS port in Table 1 below.

[0104] Table 1

[0105] Offset00, offset01, offset10, and offset11 are all offset parameters configured by the higher-layer radio resource control (RRC) signaling, specifically `resourceElementOffset`. If this parameter is not configured, offset00 is used by default. Given the DMRS antenna port index, the DMRS configuration type, and the offset parameter `resourceElementOffset`, the offset parameter can be determined... The DMRS antenna port index is (1000 + DMRS port index), where the DMRS port index is an integer greater than or equal to 0. For example, assuming the current DMRS configuration type is Type 1 and resourceElementOffset is offset00, then DMRS antenna port index 1001 corresponds to... The value is 2.

[0106] Currently, to meet UAM service requirements, one possible implementation method is to adopt a sparser DMRS pattern, which can reduce DMRS pilot overhead, facilitate data multiplexing, improve data transmission rate, and reduce DMRS pilot interference. For example, Figure 3 shows a single-symbol DMRS pattern based on DMRS Type 2 with 12 CDM groups, where each CDM group occupies 2 REs for every 2 RBs. However, since the sparse DMRS pattern expands the number of CDM groups and ports, the calculation of PTRS in existing technologies is determined by Table 1. At that time, the table was missing more DMRS port mappings. For example, for DMRS based on the 12 CDM groups of Type 2, DMRS port index 6, i.e., antenna port 1006, did not have a corresponding mapping in the table above. Mapping may fail, preventing normal PTRS resource mapping. This could lead to the inability to perform phase noise estimation based on PTRS, resulting in poor receiver demodulation and decoding performance and reduced data transmission performance.

[0107] Based on this, this application provides a method. Depending on the signal transmitting end and the signal receiving end, the signal transmission method in this application can be implemented in two ways.

[0108] 1. Network devices are signal transmitters, and terminal devices are signal receivers;

[0109] Please refer to Figure 4. An embodiment of this application includes a signal transmission method comprising:

[0110] 401、The network device determines the second index of the PTRS starting RE according to the first index of the antenna port of the DMRS and a mapping table;

[0111] Specifically, the index of the DMRS antenna port is the first index, and the second index of the PTRS starting RE is The network device can determine the value of the second index corresponding to the first index in the mapping table according to the first index. The mapping table includes N first indexes, and the value of the second index on the N DMRS antenna ports, that is, the index of the N DMRS antenna ports.

[0112] In a possible implementation, if the type of the DMRS is a first type, that is, DMRS Type 1, N can be an integer greater than 8. The first type can also be referred to as configuration type 1, DMRS type 1, or configuration type 1. The naming thereof is not limited in the embodiments of the present application.

[0113] Optionally, the second index can be an integer greater than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 11. It can also be said that The value of the second index is an integer between 0 and 11. There are at least 9 second indexes corresponding to the antenna ports in the mapping table, which are different from each other. For example, the mapping table can be as shown in Table 2:

[0114] Table 2

[0115] As shown in Table 2, the mapping table includes 24 first indexes, that is, the indexes of 24 DMRS antenna ports, wherein each first index corresponds to a second index, that is, The value of the second index is limited within 1 RB, that is, is used to indicate the position of the frequency domain resource of the PTRS within 1 RB. For example, the first offset parameter is offset00, according to Table 2, the of the DMRS port 8 is 4, the of the DMRS port 9 is 6, the of the DMRS port 10 is 5, and the of the DMRS port 11 is 7. The network device can implement resource mapping of the PTRS according to the value of the

[0116] ​Optionally, the mapping relationship between the DMRS ports shown in Table 2 can be applicable to a single-symbol DMRS pattern with 12 CDM groups based on DMRS Type 1. As shown in FIG. 5, each CDM group occupies 2 REs per 2 RBs. Wherein, P0, P1, … represent the DMRS port index.

[0117] Optionally, the mapping relationship between the DMRS ports shown in Table 2 can be applicable to a single-symbol DMRS pattern with 12 CDM groups based on DMRS Type 1. As shown in FIG. 5, each CDM group occupies 2 REs per 2 RBs. Wherein, P0, P1, … represent the DMRS port index. Optionally, the mapping relationship between the DMRS ports shown in Table 2 can be applicable to a single-symbol DMRS pattern with 12 CDM groups based on DMRS Type 1. As shown in FIG. 5, each CDM group occupies 2 REs per 2 RBs. Wherein, P0, P1, … represent the DMRS port index.

[0118] Optionally, the mapping relationship between the DMRS ports shown in Table 2 can be applicable to a single-symbol DMRS pattern with 12 CDM groups based on DMRS Type 1. As shown in FIG. 5, each CDM group occupies 2 REs per 2 RBs. Wherein, P0, P1, … represent the DMRS port index. Optionally, the mapping relationship between the DMRS ports shown in Table 2 can be applicable to a single-symbol DMRS pattern with 12 CDM groups based on DMRS Type 1. As shown in FIG. 5, each CDM group occupies 2 REs per 2 RBs. Wherein, P0, P1, … represent the DMRS port index.

[0119] In the embodiments of the present application, by extending the values under different DMRS antenna ports, the mapping relationship between the parameters and the antenna ports is perfected, so as to realize the normal resource mapping of PTRS, and then the phase noise can be estimated, and the accuracy of channel estimation is ensured. It should be noted that, since different cells in the UAM scenario use a part of the antenna ports respectively, through cell planning, the same antenna ports can be allocated to the cells with less interference (such as two cells far apart in physical distance) under the same DMRS configuration type and resourceElementOffset configuration.

[0120] It should be noted that, since different cells in the UAM scenario use a part of the antenna ports respectively, through cell planning, the same antenna ports can be allocated to the cells with less interference (such as two cells far apart in physical distance) under the same DMRS configuration type and resourceElementOffset configuration.

[0121] It should be understood that the above Table 2 is an example of the implementation of the mapping table, and in actual application, the mapping table can also have other representations. For example, as shown in Table 3 below:

[0122] Table 3

[0123] As shown in Table 3, the mapping table extends the corresponding PTRS resource of DMRS port 16 to DMRS port 19. ​​values. In a possible implementation, the network device determines that the used ports are DMRS ports 0 to 3, DMRS ports 8 to 11, and DMRS ports 16 to 19. Wherein, the first offset parameter is offset00, according to Table 3, DMRS port 16 corresponds to 8, DMRS port 17 corresponds to 10, DMRS port 18 corresponds to 9, and DMRS port 19 corresponds to 11.

[0124] It should be noted that the above port calling and mapping values are only examples, and in actual application, the network device can call other ports, which are not limited here.

[0125] It should be noted that the above Table 2 can be applied to port mapping of 24 DMRS ports. If more port mapping is needed, the mapping table can expand the number of first indexes to apply more port mapping. Wherein, the second index corresponding to the expanded first index can refer to the value mode of the second index in the above mapping table, or can randomly allocate the value of the second index, which is not limited here. For example, for port mapping based on 48 DMRS ports, the mapping table can be as shown in Table 4 as follows:

[0126] Table 4

[0127] As shown in Table 4, the mapping table includes 48 first indexes, i.e., indexes of 48 DMRS antenna ports, wherein each first index corresponds to a second index, i.e., the value range of is limited within 1 RB, i.e., is used to indicate the position of the frequency domain resource of the PTRS within 1 RB. When performing PTRS mapping, the network device can determine the value of according to the called DMRS port and Table 4.

[0128] Optionally, the above Table 4 can be applied to a single-symbol DMRS pattern with 12 CDM groups based on DMRS Type 1, or can be applied to a single-symbol DMRS pattern with 24 CDM groups based on DMRS Type 1, as shown in FIG. 6. Wherein, in the single-symbol DMRS pattern with 24 CDM groups based on DMRS Type 1, each CDM group occupies 2 REs per 2 RBs. Wherein, P0, P1, … represent DMRS port indexes.

[0129] Optional, as shown in Table 4 The mapping relationship with the DMRS port can also be applied to a dual-symbol DMRS pattern configuration with 12 CDM groups based on DMRS Type 1, and can also be applied to a dual-symbol DMRS pattern with 24 CDM groups based on DMRS Type 1.

[0130] Optional, as shown in Table 4 The mapping relationship with DMRS ports can also be applied to DMRS pattern configurations that support at least one orthogonal DMRS port. This DMRS pattern can be a single-symbol DMRS pattern or a double-symbol DMRS pattern. For example, this DMRS pattern configuration with at least one orthogonal DMRS port could be a DMRS pattern configuration with 48 orthogonal DMRS ports.

[0131] Optionally, the second index can be an integer greater than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 23. In other words, The value of is an integer between 0 and 23. The mapping table contains at least nine antenna ports with distinct second indices. For example, the mapping table can be shown in Table 5 below:

[0132] Table 5

[0133] As shown in Table 5 The value range is limited to within 2 RBs, that is... This is used to indicate the location of the PTRS in the frequency domain within two RBs. The first offset parameter is offset00, which, according to Table 5, corresponds to DMRS port 22. It is 17. Network devices can be based on The value of determines the resource mapping of PTRS.

[0134] In this embodiment of the application, due to the different antenna ports under the same DMRS configuration and resourceElementOffset configuration, The difference lies in the starting RE index of PTRS. Therefore, when scheduling multiple antenna ports, the starting REs of PTRS will not overlap in the frequency domain, which is beneficial to ensuring the estimation performance of PTRS.

[0135] It should be understood that Table 5 above is an example implementation of a mapping table. In practical applications, mapping tables can also be represented in other ways, as shown in Table 6 below:

[0136] Table 6

[0137] Optionally, the second index can be an integer greater than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 47. It can also be said that the value range of the second index is an integer between 0 and 47. There are at least 9 different second indexes corresponding to the at least 9 antenna ports in the mapping table. For example, the mapping table can be as shown in Table 7:

[0138] Table 7

[0139] As shown in Table 7, the value range of the second index is limited within 4 RBs, that is, is used to indicate the position of the frequency domain resource of the PTRS within the 4 RBs. For example, the network device calls DMRS port 32, DMRS port 33, DMRS port 34 and DMRS port 35. Assuming that the first offset parameter is offset00, according to Table 7, the second index corresponding to the DMRS port 32 is 28, the second index corresponding to the DMRS port 33 is 30, the second index corresponding to the DMRS port 34 is 29, and the second index corresponding to the DMRS port 35 is 31.

[0140] It should be understood that the above Table 7 is an example of an implementation of the mapping table, and in actual application, the mapping table can also have other representations, which are not limited here.

[0141] In another possible implementation, if the type of the DMRS is the second type, that is, DMRS Type 2, N can be an integer greater than 12. The second type can also be referred to as configuration type 2, and the naming is not limited in the embodiments of the present application.

[0142] Optionally, the fourth index can be an integer greater than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 11. It can also be said that the value range of the fourth index is an integer between 0 and 11. There are at least 12 different fourth indexes corresponding to the at least 12 antenna ports in the mapping table, and there is at least one first antenna port in the at least 12 antenna ports, and the third index of the first antenna port satisfies at least one of the following conditions: 1) The third index of the first antenna port is less than 1000;

[0143] 2) The third index of the first antenna port is greater than 1005 and less than 1012;

[0144]

[0145] ​​​​​​​3) The third index of the first antenna port is greater than 1017.

[0146] For example, the mapping table can be shown in Table 8 below:

[0147] Table 8

[0148] As shown in Table 8 The value range is limited to one RB, that is... This is used to indicate the location of the PTRS in the frequency domain within one RB. For example, the network device invokes DMRS port 18 and DMRS port 19, with the second offset parameter being offset00. According to Table 8, DMRS port 18 corresponds to... For 6, the DMRS port 19 corresponds to It is 7.

[0149] It should be understood that Table 8 above is an example implementation of a mapping table. In practical applications, mapping tables can also be represented in other ways, which are not limited here.

[0150] Optionally, the fourth index can be an integer greater than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 23. In other words, The value of is an integer between 0 and 23. The mapping table contains at least 13 antenna ports with distinct fourth indices. For example, the mapping table can be shown in Table 9 below:

[0151] Table 9

[0152] As shown in Table 9 The value range is limited to within 2 RBs, that is... This is used to indicate the location of the frequency domain resources of the PTRS within two RBs. For example, Figure 7 shows a single-symbol DMRS pattern based on DMRS Type 2 with 12 CDM groups, where each CDM group occupies two REs per two RBs. Assuming the network device calls DMRS port 10 and DMRS port 11, and the second offset parameter is offset00, according to Table 9, DMRS port 10 corresponds to... For 16, the DMRS port 11 corresponds to It is 17.

[0153] Optional, as shown in Table 9 The mapping relationship with the DMRS port can be applied to a dual-symbol DMRS pattern configuration with 12 CDM groups based on DMRS Type 2.

[0154] Optional, as shown in Table 9 The mapping relationship with DMRS ports can also be applied to DMRS pattern configurations that support at least one orthogonal DMRS port. This DMRS pattern can be a single-symbol DMRS pattern or a double-symbol DMRS pattern. For example, this DMRS pattern configuration with at least one orthogonal DMRS port can be a DMRS pattern configuration with 24 orthogonal DMRS ports.

[0155] It should be understood that Table 6 above is an example implementation of a mapping table. In practical applications, mapping tables can also be represented in other ways, such as shown in Table 10 below:

[0156] Table 10

[0157] Optionally, the fourth index can be an integer greater than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 47. In other words, The value of is an integer between 0 and 47. The mapping table contains at least 13 antenna ports with distinct fourth indices. For example, the mapping table can be shown in Table 11 below:

[0158] Table 11

[0159] As shown in Table 11, The value range is limited to 4 RBs, that is... This is used to indicate the location of the frequency domain resources of the PTRS within 4 RBs. For example, Table 11 can be applied to a single-symbol DMRS pattern with 24 CDM groups based on DMRS Type 2, as shown in Figure 8, where each CDM group occupies 2 REs for every 2 RBs.

[0160] Optional, as shown in Table 11 The mapping relationship with the DMRS port can also be applied to a dual-symbol DMRS pattern configuration with 24 CDM groups based on DMRS Type 2.

[0161] Optional, as shown in Table 11 The mapping relationship with the DMRS port can also be applicable to a DMRS pattern configuration supporting at least 1 orthogonal DMRS port, where the DMRS pattern with at least 1 orthogonal DMRS port can be a single-symbol DMRS pattern or a double-symbol DMRS pattern. For example, the DMRS pattern with at least 1 orthogonal DMRS port can be a DMRS pattern with 48 orthogonal DMRS ports.

[0162] It should be understood that Table 11 described above is an example implementation of a mapping table, and in actual applications, the mapping table can also have other representations, which are not limited here.

[0163] 402、The network device sends the PTRS to the terminal device according to the second index, and correspondingly, the terminal device receives the PTRS from the network device according to the second index;

[0164] The network device maps the PTRS to the PDSCH according to the second index, and sends the PTRS to the terminal device. The terminal device can receive the PTRS on the RE corresponding to the second index according to the mapping table described above.

[0165] 403、The terminal device performs phase noise estimation according to the PTRS.

[0166] The terminal device performs phase noise estimation according to the PTRS. PTRS

[0167] The embodiments of the present application can complete the association of the DMRS antenna port and the PTRS under the sparse DMRS pattern, so that the PTRS under the sparse DMRS pattern can be resource mapped, and then the phase noise can be estimated, and the accuracy of the channel estimation is ensured.

[0168] Optionally, the embodiment shown in FIG. 4 further includes step 400a. Step 400a can be performed before step 401.

[0169] 400a、The network device indicates the DMRS configuration type and the PTRS related configuration to the terminal device, and correspondingly, the terminal device receives the DMRS configuration type and the PTRS related configuration from the network device;

[0170] The network device can configure the DMRS configuration type through RRC signaling. For example, for the DMRS configuration type of 12 CDM group DMRS based on Type 2, the RRC signaling can be configured as:​

[0171] The RRC signaling described above is only an example, and in actual application, the network device can also configure other RRC signaling, or the RRC signaling can also have other forms, which are not limited herein.

[0172] Optionally, the embodiment shown in FIG. 4 further includes step 400b. Step 400b can be performed before step 401.

[0173] 400b, the network device indicates the used DMRS antenna port to the terminal device, and correspondingly, the terminal device receives the used DMRS antenna port from the network device.

[0174] The network device can indicate the used DMRS antenna port to the terminal device, for example, by using bits in the antenna port field in the DCI to realize DMRS port / antenna port indication. FIG. 9 shows a possible DMRS antenna port indication mapping manner, in which “Value” represents the bit value in the antenna port field in the DCI, DMRS port(s) represents the indicated DMRS port, and the antenna port can be calculated from 1000+ DMRS ports.

[0175] It should be understood that the DMRS antenna port indication mapping manner shown in FIG. 9 is only an example, and in actual application, there can also be other indication mapping manners, which are not limited herein.

[0176] II. The network device is a signal receiving end, and the terminal device is a signal transmitting end;

[0177] Referring to FIG. 10, a signal transmission method in an embodiment of the present application includes:

[0178] 1001, the terminal device determines the second index of the starting RE of the PTRS according to the first index of the antenna port of the DMRS and the mapping table;

[0179] 1002, the terminal device sends the PTRS to the network device according to the second index, and correspondingly, the network device receives the PTRS from the terminal device according to the second index;

[0180] 1003, the network device performs phase noise estimation according to the PTRS.

[0181] Steps 1001 to 1003 in this embodiment are similar to steps 401 to 403 in the preceding embodiment shown in FIG. 4, wherein the functions implemented by the network device in steps 401 to 403 are implemented by the terminal device in steps 1001 to 1003, and the functions implemented by the terminal device in steps 401 to 403 are implemented by the network device in steps 1001 to 1003, which will not be repeated here.

[0182] Optionally, the embodiment shown in FIG. 10 further includes step 1000a. Step 1000a can be performed before step 1001.

[0183] 1000a, the network device indicates the DMRS configuration type and the PTRS related configuration to the terminal device, and correspondingly, the terminal device receives the DMRS configuration type and the PTRS related configuration from the network device.

[0184] Optionally, the embodiment shown in FIG. 10 further includes step 1000b. Step 1000b can be performed before step 1001.

[0185] 1000b, the network device indicates the used DMRS antenna port to the terminal device, and correspondingly, the terminal device receives the used DMRS antenna port from the network device.

[0186] Steps 1000a to 1000b in this embodiment are similar to steps 400a to 400b in the preceding embodiment shown in FIG. 4, which will not be repeated here.

[0187] The information transmission method in the embodiments of the present application is described above, and the communication apparatus in the embodiments of the present application is described below. Referring to FIG. 11, the communication apparatus 1100 can be used to execute the process performed by the terminal device in the embodiment shown in FIG. 4, or can be used to execute the process performed by the network device in the embodiment shown in FIG. 10. For details, please refer to the related description in the foregoing method embodiments. The communication apparatus 1100 can be a terminal device, or a component or apparatus (such as a processor, a chip, or a chip system) applied to a terminal device, or a logic module or software capable of realizing all or part of the functions of a terminal device. The communication apparatus can also be a network device, or a component or apparatus (such as a processor, a chip, or a chip system) applied to a network device, or a logic module or software capable of realizing all or part of the functions of a network device.

[0188] The communication apparatus 1100 includes an interface module 1101 and a processing module 1102.

[0189] The processing module 1102 is configured to perform data processing. The interface module 1101 can implement corresponding communication functions. The interface module 1101 can also be referred to as a communication interface or a communication module.

[0190] Optionally, the communication apparatus 1100 can further include a storage module, which can be configured to store program codes, program instructions and / or data. The processing module 1102 can read instructions and / or data in the storage module, so that the communication apparatus 1100 implements the foregoing method embodiments.

[0191] The communication apparatus 1100 can be configured to perform actions performed by the terminal device or the network device in the foregoing method embodiments. For example, the communication apparatus 1100 can be a terminal device or a network device, or a component configured in the terminal device or the network device. The processing module 1102 is configured to perform operations related to processing at the terminal device side or the network device side in the foregoing method embodiments. The interface module 1101 is configured to perform operations related to receiving at the terminal device side or the network device side in the foregoing method embodiments.

[0192] Optionally, the interface module 1101 can include a sending module and a receiving module. The sending module is configured to perform the sending operations in the foregoing method embodiments. The receiving module is configured to perform the receiving operations in the foregoing method embodiments.

[0193] It should be noted that the communication apparatus 1100 can include the sending module and not include the receiving module. Alternatively, the communication apparatus 1100 can include the receiving module and not include the sending module. Specifically, whether the sending module and the receiving module are included in the communication apparatus 1100 can depend on whether the sending actions and the receiving actions are included in the foregoing schemes performed by the communication apparatus 1100. For example, the communication apparatus 1100 is configured to perform actions performed by the network device in the embodiment shown in FIG. 4, or perform actions performed by the terminal device in the embodiment shown in FIG. 10. Details can be referred to the related descriptions in the embodiments shown in FIG. 4 or FIG. 10, which will not be described herein.

[0194] For example, the communication apparatus 1100 is configured to perform the following scheme:

[0195] The processing module 1102 is configured to determine a second index of a phase tracking reference signal (PTRS) starting resource element (RE) according to a first index of an antenna port of a first type of demodulation reference signal (DMRS) and a mapping table. The mapping table includes N first indexes, and a value of the second index on N antenna ports. The N first indexes are indexes of the N antenna ports, and N is an integer greater than 8.

[0196] The interface module 1101 is configured to send the PTRS according to the second index.

[0197] In a possible implementation, when the offset parameter of the DMRS is the first offset parameter, the mapping table has the following cases:

[0198] The second indexes are different on the at least 9 antenna ports, and the second index is an integer greater than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 11.

[0199] In another possible implementation, when the offset parameter of the DMRS is the first offset parameter, the mapping table has the following cases:

[0200] The second indexes are different on the at least 9 antenna ports, and the second index is an integer greater than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 23.

[0201] In another possible implementation, when the offset parameter of the DMRS is the first offset parameter, the mapping table has the following cases:

[0202] The second indexes are different on the at least 9 antenna ports, and the second index is an integer greater than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 47.

[0203] For example, the communication apparatus 1100 is configured to perform the following scheme:

[0204] The processing module 1102 is configured to determine a fourth index of a starting RE of the PTRS according to a third index of an antenna port of the second type of DMRS and a mapping table, the mapping table including N third indexes, and the fourth index being different on N antenna ports, the N third indexes being indexes of the N antenna ports, and N being an integer greater than 10;

[0205] The interface module 1101 is configured to send the PTRS according to the fourth index.

[0206] In a possible implementation, when the offset parameter of the DMRS is the second offset parameter, the mapping table has the following cases:

[0207] The fourth indexes are different on the at least 10 antenna ports, and the fourth index is an integer greater than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 11, and there is at least one first antenna port in the at least 10 antenna ports, and the third index of the first antenna port satisfies at least one of the following conditions:

[0208] The third index of the first antenna port is less than 1000;

[0209] Or, the third index of the first antenna port is greater than 1005 and less than 1010;

[0210] Or, the third index of the first antenna port is greater than 1017.

[0211] In another possible implementation, when the offset parameter of the DMRS is the second offset parameter, the mapping table has the following cases:

[0212] The fourth index has different values on the at least 11 antenna ports, and the fourth index is an integer greater than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 23.

[0213] In another possible implementation, when the offset parameter of the DMRS is the second offset parameter, the mapping table has the following cases:

[0214] The fourth index has different values on the at least 11 antenna ports, and the fourth index is an integer greater than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 47.

[0215] It should be understood that the specific processes in which the modules perform the corresponding processes described above have been described in detail in the method embodiments described above, and for the sake of brevity, will not be described here.

[0216] Optionally, when the communication apparatus 1100 is a terminal device or a communication module in a terminal device, the processing module 1102 in the above embodiments can be implemented by at least one processor or processor-related circuit. Specifically, the processor can include a Modem chip, or a system on chip (SoC) chip or a system in package (SIP) chip containing a Modem core. The interface module 1101 can be implemented by a transceiver or a transceiver-related circuit. The interface module 1101 can also be referred to as a communication module or a communication interface. The storage module can be implemented by at least one memory.

[0217] Optionally, when the communication apparatus 1100 is a circuit or chip responsible for communication functions in a terminal device, such as a Modem chip or a SoC chip or a SIP chip containing a Modem core, the functions of the processing module 1102 can be implemented by the circuit system including one or more processors or processing cores in the above-mentioned chip. The functions of the interface module 1101 can be implemented by the interface circuit or data transceiver circuit on the above-mentioned chip.

[0218] Another structural schematic diagram of the communication apparatus of the embodiment of the present application is shown below.

[0219] Referring to FIG. 12, the communication apparatus 1200 can be used to execute the process performed by the terminal device in the embodiments shown in FIG. 4, and can also be used to execute the process performed by the network device in the embodiments shown in FIG. 10. For details, refer to the related description in the foregoing method embodiments. The communication apparatus 1200 can be a terminal device, or a component or apparatus (for example, a processor, a chip, or a chip system) applied to a terminal device, and can also be a logic module or software capable of realizing all or part of the functions of the terminal device. The communication apparatus 1200 can also be a network device, or a component or apparatus (for example, a processor, a chip, or a chip system) applied to a network device, and can also be a logic module or software capable of realizing all or part of the functions of the network device.

[0220] The communication apparatus 1200 includes an interface module 1201 and a processing module 1202.

[0221] The processing module 1202 is configured to perform data processing. The interface module 1201 can realize corresponding communication functions. The interface module 1201 can also be referred to as a communication interface or a communication module.

[0222] Optionally, the communication apparatus 1200 can further include a storage module, which can be used to store program codes, program instructions, and / or data. The processing module 1202 can read the instructions and / or data in the storage module, so that the communication apparatus 1200 realizes the foregoing method embodiments.

[0223] The communication apparatus 1200 can be used to execute the actions performed by the terminal device or the network device in the foregoing method embodiments. For example, the terminal device or a communication module in the terminal device, or a circuit or chip responsible for communication functions in the terminal device. The communication apparatus 1200 can be a terminal device or a network device, or a component configurable to a terminal device or a network device. The processing module 1202 is configured to perform operations related to processing on the terminal device side or the network device side in the foregoing method embodiments. The interface module 1201 is configured to perform operations related to receiving on the terminal device side or the network device side in the foregoing method embodiments.

[0224] Optionally, the interface module 1201 can include a sending module and a receiving module. The sending module is configured to perform the sending operations in the foregoing method embodiments. The receiving module is configured to perform the receiving operations in the foregoing method embodiments.

[0225] It should be noted that the communication apparatus 1200 can include the sending module but not the receiving module. Alternatively, the communication apparatus 1200 can include the receiving module but not the sending module. Whether the communication apparatus 1200 includes the sending module or the receiving module can depend on whether the communication apparatus 1200 performs the sending action or the receiving action in the above-described schemes. For example, the communication apparatus 1200 is configured to perform the actions performed by the terminal device in the embodiment shown in FIG. 4, or is configured to perform the actions performed by the network device in the embodiment shown in FIG. 10. Details can be referred to the related description in the embodiments shown in FIG. 4 or FIG. 10, which will not be repeated here.

[0226] For example, the communication apparatus 1200 is configured to perform the following scheme.

[0227] The interface module 1201 is configured to receive the PTRS.

[0228] The processing module 1202 is configured to determine the second index of the starting RE of the PTRS according to the first index of the antenna port of the DMRS of the first type and a mapping table, the mapping table including N first indexes and values of the second index on N antenna ports, the first index being an index of the N antenna ports, and the second index being used for phase noise estimation of the PTRS, N being an integer greater than 8.

[0229] In one possible implementation, when the offset parameter of the DMRS is the first offset parameter, the mapping table has the following cases.

[0230] The values of the second index on at least 9 antenna ports are different from each other, and the second index is an integer greater than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 11.

[0231] In another possible implementation, when the offset parameter of the DMRS is the first offset parameter, the mapping table has the following cases.

[0232] The values of the second index on at least 9 antenna ports are different from each other, and the second index is an integer greater than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 23.

[0233] In another possible implementation, when the offset parameter of the DMRS is the first offset parameter, the mapping table has the following cases.

[0234] The values of the second index on at least 9 antenna ports are different from each other, and the second index is an integer greater than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 47.

[0235] For another example, the communication apparatus 1200 is configured to perform the following scheme.

[0236] The interface module 1201 is configured to receive the PTRS.

[0237] The processing module 1202 is configured to determine a fourth index of a PTRS starting RE according to a third index of an antenna port of the second type of DMRS and a mapping table, the mapping table comprising N third indexes, and the fourth index taking values on N antenna ports, the third index being an index of the N antenna ports, and the fourth index being used for phase noise estimation of the PTRS, N being an integer greater than 12.

[0238] In a possible implementation, when the offset parameter of the DMRS is the second offset parameter, the mapping table has the following cases:

[0239] The fourth index takes different values on at least 12 antenna ports, the fourth index being an integer greater than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 11, and there being at least one first antenna port in the at least 12 antenna ports, the third index of the first antenna port satisfying at least one of the following conditions:

[0240] The third index of the first antenna port is less than 1000;

[0241] Or, the third index of the first antenna port is greater than 1005 and less than 1012;

[0242] Or, the third index of the first antenna port is greater than 1017.

[0243] In another possible implementation, when the offset parameter of the DMRS is the second offset parameter, the mapping table has the following cases:

[0244] The fourth index takes different values on at least 13 antenna ports, the fourth index being an integer greater than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 23.

[0245] In another possible implementation, when the offset parameter of the DMRS is the second offset parameter, the mapping table has the following cases:

[0246] The fourth index takes different values on at least 13 antenna ports, the fourth index being an integer greater than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 47.

[0247] It should be understood that the specific processes of each module performing the corresponding processes described above have been described in detail in the method embodiments described above, and for the sake of brevity, will not be described here.

[0248] The processing module 1202 in the above embodiments can be implemented by at least one processor or processor-related circuit. The interface module 1201 can be implemented by a transceiver or transceiver-related circuit. The interface module 1201 can also be referred to as a communication module or a communication interface. The storage module can be implemented by at least one memory.

[0249] Next, a communication apparatus provided by an embodiment of the present application is introduced. Referring to FIG. 13, FIG. 13 is a structural schematic diagram of the communication apparatus provided by an embodiment of the present application. The communication apparatus can be a terminal device or a network device in the method embodiments, and can also be a chip, a chip system, or a processor, etc. that supports the terminal device or the network device to implement the method. The communication apparatus can be used to implement the method described in the method embodiments, and the specific implementation can refer to the description in the method embodiments.

[0250] The communication apparatus can include one or more processors 1301 connected with a memory 1302, an input and output unit 1303, and a bus 1304. The processor 1301 can be a general-purpose processor or a special-purpose processor, etc. For example, it can be a baseband processor or a central processing unit. The baseband processor can be used to process a communication protocol and communication data, and the central processing unit can be used to control the communication apparatus (such as a base station, a baseband chip, a terminal, a terminal chip, a DU or a CU, etc.), execute a software program, and process data of the software program.

[0251] Optionally, the communication apparatus can include one or more memories 1302, which can store instructions that can be run on the processor 1301 to enable the communication apparatus to perform the method described in the method embodiments. Optionally, the memory 1302 can also store data. The processor 1301 and the memory 1302 can be separately arranged or integrated together.

[0252] Optionally, the communication apparatus can also include a transceiver and an antenna. The transceiver can be referred to as a transceiving unit, a transceiver, or a transceiving circuit, etc. and is used to implement the transceiving function. The transceiver can include a receiver and a transmitter. The receiver can be referred to as a receiver or a receiving circuit, etc. and is used to implement the receiving function. The transmitter can be referred to as a transmitter or a transmitting circuit, etc. and is used to implement the transmitting function.

[0253] In another possible design, the processor 1301 can include a transceiver for implementing the receiving and transmitting functions. For example, the transceiver can be a transceiving circuit, or an interface, or an interface circuit. The transceiving circuit, the interface, or the interface circuit for implementing the receiving and transmitting functions can be separate or integrated together. The transceiving circuit, the interface, or the interface circuit described above can be used for reading and writing codes / data, or the transceiving circuit, the interface, or the interface circuit described above can be used for signal transmission or transfer.

[0254] In yet another possible design, optionally, the processor 1301 can store instructions that can be run on the processor 1301 to enable the communication apparatus to perform the method described in the method embodiments. The instructions can be fixed in the processor 1301, and in this case, the processor 1301 can be implemented by hardware.

[0255] In yet another possible design, a communication device can include circuitry that can implement the functions of the transmitting or receiving or communicating of the terminal device or the network device in the foregoing method embodiments. The processor and the transceiver described in the embodiments of the present application can be implemented on an integrated circuit (IC), an analog IC, a radio frequency integrated circuit (RFIC), a mixed-signal IC, an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a printed circuit board (PCB), an electronic device, etc. The processor and the transceiver can also be manufactured using various IC technologies, such as complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS), n metal-oxide-semiconductor (NMOS), positive channel metal oxide semiconductor (PMOS), Bipolar Junction Transistor (BJT), BiCMOS, silicon germanium (SiGe), gallium arsenide (GaAs), etc.

[0256] The communication device described in the above embodiments can be a terminal device or a network device, but the scope of the communication device described in the embodiments of the present application is not limited thereto, and the structure of the communication device can not be limited by FIG. 13. The communication device can be a standalone device or can be part of a larger device. For example, the communication device can be:

[0257] (1) a standalone integrated circuit (IC), or a chip, or a chip system or subsystem;

[0258] (2) a set of one or more ICs, optionally including memory units for storing data, instructions, etc.

[0259] (3) an ASIC, such as a Modem;

[0260] (4) a module that can be embedded within other devices;

[0261] (5) a receiver, a terminal, a smart terminal, a cellular phone, a wireless device, a handset, a mobile unit, a car-mounted device, a network device, a cloud device, an artificial intelligence device, etc.

[0262] (6) other, etc.

[0263] For the case that the chip is used to implement the functions of the network device or the terminal device in the embodiments of the present application:

[0264] The processor can include communication and processing circuitry. The communication and processing circuitry can include one or more hardware components that provide a physical structure that performs various processes related to wireless communication (e.g., signal reception and / or signal transmission). The communication and processing circuitry can include two or more transmit / receive chains. The functions implemented by the communication and processing circuitry can also be processed on a computer readable medium.

[0265] The processor further includes PTRS-related parameter configuration and resource mapping. For example, as shown in FIG. 14, the PTRS-related parameter configuration and resource mapping are used for the network device or the terminal device to configure or indicate, including DMRS configuration type, DMRS antenna port, PTRS frequency domain density, etc. The PTRS resource mapping circuit is used to implement the mapping value of the PTRS-related parameter according to the value of the DMRS antenna port in the network device or the terminal device, and finally implement the resource mapping of the PTRS. The PTRS-related parameter configuration and resource mapping circuit can also be processed on a computer readable medium.

[0266] It can be understood that some optional features in the embodiments of the present application can be implemented independently in some scenarios, without relying on other features, such as the scheme currently based on, to solve the corresponding technical problems and achieve the corresponding effects. Also, in some scenarios, the features can be combined with other features according to needs. Correspondingly, the communication apparatus given in the embodiments of the present application can also implement these features or functions accordingly, and details are not described herein.

[0267] It should be understood that the processor in the embodiments of the present application can be an integrated circuit chip with signal processing capability. In the implementation process, each step of the above method embodiments can be completed by integrated logic circuits or instruction in the form of software in the processor. The processor can be a general purpose processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field programmable gate array (FPGA) or other programmable logic devices, discrete gates or transistor logic devices, discrete hardware components.

[0268] ​It can be appreciated that the memory in the embodiments of the present application can be a volatile memory or a nonvolatile memory, or can include both volatile and nonvolatile memory. Among them, the nonvolatile memory can be a read-only memory (ROM), a programmable read-only memory (PROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), an electrically EPROM (EEPROM), or a flash memory. The volatile memory can be a random access memory (RAM) used as an external cache. By way of example, and not limitation, many forms of RAK are available, such as static random access memory (SRAM), dynamic random access memory (DRAM), synchronous dynamic random access memory (SDRAM), double data rate SDRAM (DDR SDRAM), enhanced SDRAM (ESDRAM), synchlink DRAM (SLDRAM), and direct rambus RAM (DR RAM). It should be noted that the memory of the system and method described herein is intended to include, but not be limited to, these and any other suitable types of memory.

[0269] The embodiments of the present application also provide a computer readable storage medium comprising instructions which, when executed on a computer, cause the computer to perform the method in the foregoing embodiments.

[0270] The embodiments of the present application also provide a computer program product comprising instructions which, when executed on a computer, cause the computer to perform the method in the foregoing embodiments.

[0271] Those skilled in the art can clearly understand that, for the convenience and brevity of description, the specific working processes of the above-described system, device and unit can refer to the corresponding processes in the foregoing method embodiments, which will not be described here.

[0272] In several embodiments provided in the present application, it should be understood that the disclosed system, device and method can be implemented in other manners. For example, the described device embodiments are merely schematic. For example, the division of the units is only a logical function division. There can be another division manner for the actual implementation. For example, a plurality of units or components can be combined or integrated into another system, or some features can be ignored or not executed. In addition, the displayed or discussed mutual couplings or direct couplings or communication connections can be indirect couplings or communication connections through some interfaces, devices or units, and can be in electrical, mechanical or other forms.

[0273] The units described as separated components can or can not be physically separated, and the components displayed as units can or can not be physical units, i.e., can be located in one place, or can be distributed on a plurality of network units. In actual implementation, some or all of the units can be selected according to the actual needs to achieve the purposes of the embodiments of the present application.

[0274] In addition, each function unit in the embodiments of the present application can be integrated in a processing module, or each unit can be physically present separately, or two or more units can be integrated in one unit. The integrated unit can be realized in the form of hardware, or in the form of a software function unit.

[0275] When the integrated unit is realized in the form of a software function unit and sold or used as an independent product, it can be stored in a computer readable storage medium. Based on such an understanding, the technical solutions of the present application essentially or substantially, or all or part of the technical solutions that make contributions to the prior art, can be embodied in the form of a software product. The computer software product is stored in a storage medium, and includes a plurality of instructions for causing a computer device (which can be a personal computer, a server, or a network device, etc.) to execute all or part of the steps of the methods described in the embodiments of the present application. The foregoing storage medium includes: a U disk, a mobile hard disk, a read-only memory (ROM), a random access memory (RAM), a magnetic disk or an optical disk, and various other media that can store program codes.

[0276] In the foregoing embodiments, all or some of the embodiments can be implemented by software, hardware, firmware or any combination thereof. When implemented by software, all or some of the embodiments can be implemented in the form of a computer program product. The computer program product includes one or more computer instructions. When the computer instructions are loaded and executed on a computer, all or some of the processes or functions according to the embodiments of the present application are generated. The computer can be a general purpose computer, a special purpose computer, a computer network, or other programmable apparatus. The computer instructions can be stored in a computer readable storage medium or transmitted from one computer readable storage medium to another computer readable storage medium, for example, the computer instructions can be transmitted from one website site, computer, server or data center to another website site, computer, server or data center through wired (for example, coaxial cable, optical fiber, digital subscriber line (DSL)) or wireless (for example, infrared, wireless, microwave, etc.). The computer readable storage medium can be any available medium accessible by a computer or a data storage device such as a server, data center, etc. integrated with one or more available media. The available medium can be a magnetic medium (for example, floppy disk, hard disk, magnetic tape), an optical medium (for example, high-density digital video disc (digital video disc, DVD)), or a semiconductor medium (for example, solid state disk (solid state disk, SSD)), etc.

Claims

1. A signal transmission method, characterized in that, include: The second index of the phase tracking reference signal PTRS start resource unit RE is determined based on the first index of the antenna port of the demodulation reference signal DMRS of the first type and a mapping table. The mapping table includes N first indices and the values ​​of the second index on N antenna ports. The N first indices are the indices of the N antenna ports, and N is an integer greater than 8. The PTRS is sent according to the second index.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, When the offset parameter of the DMRS is the first offset parameter, the mapping table has the following conditions: The second index has different values ​​on at least nine of the antenna ports, and the second index is an integer greater than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 11.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, When the offset parameter of the DMRS is the first offset parameter, the mapping table has the following conditions: The second index has different values ​​on at least nine of the antenna ports, and the second index is an integer greater than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 23.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, When the offset parameter of the DMRS is the first offset parameter, the mapping table has the following conditions: The second index has different values ​​on at least nine of the antenna ports, and the second index is an integer greater than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 47.

5. A signal transmission method, characterized in that, include: The fourth index of the PTRS starting RE is determined based on the third index of the antenna port of the second type of DMRS and the mapping table. The mapping table includes N third indices and the values ​​of the fourth index on N antenna ports. The N third indices are the indices of the N antenna ports, and N is an integer greater than 12. The PTRS is sent according to the fourth index.

6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that, When the offset parameter of the DMRS is the second offset parameter, the mapping table has the following conditions: The fourth index has distinct values ​​on at least 12 of the antenna ports, and the fourth index is an integer greater than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 11. At least one of the at least 12 antenna ports is a first antenna port, and the third index of the first antenna port satisfies at least one of the following conditions: The third index of the first antenna port is less than 1000; Alternatively, the third index of the first antenna port is greater than 1005 and less than 1012; Alternatively, the third index of the first antenna port is greater than 1017.

7. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that, When the offset parameter of the DMRS is the second offset parameter, the mapping table has the following conditions: The fourth index has different values ​​on at least 13 of the antenna ports, and the fourth index is an integer greater than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 23.

8. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that, When the offset parameter of the DMRS is the second offset parameter, the mapping table has the following conditions: The fourth index has different values ​​on at least 13 of the antenna ports, and the fourth index is an integer greater than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 47.

9. A signal transmission method, characterized in that, include: Receive PTRS; The second index of the PTRS starting RE is determined based on the first index of the antenna port of the first type of DMRS and a mapping table. The mapping table includes N first indices and the values ​​of the second index on the N antenna ports. The first index is the index of the N antenna ports, and the second index is used to perform phase noise estimation of the PTRS. N is an integer greater than 8.

10. The method according to claim 9, characterized in that, When the offset parameter of the DMRS is the first offset parameter, the mapping table has the following conditions: The second index has different values ​​on at least nine of the antenna ports, and the second index is an integer greater than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 11.

11. The method according to claim 9, characterized in that, When the offset parameter of the DMRS is the first offset parameter, the mapping table has the following conditions: The second index has different values ​​on at least nine of the antenna ports, and the second index is an integer greater than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 23.

12. The method according to claim 9, characterized in that, When the offset parameter of the DMRS is the first offset parameter, the mapping table has the following conditions: The second index has different values ​​on at least nine of the antenna ports, and the second index is an integer greater than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 47.

13. A signal transmission method, characterized in that, include: Receive PTRS; The fourth index of the PTRS starting RE is determined based on the third index of the antenna port of the second type of DMRS and a mapping table. The mapping table includes N third indices and the values ​​of the fourth index on the N antenna ports. The third index is the index of the N antenna ports. The fourth index is used to perform phase noise estimation of the PTRS. N is an integer greater than 12.

14. The method according to claim 13, characterized in that, When the offset parameter of the DMRS is the second offset parameter, the mapping table has the following conditions: The fourth index has distinct values ​​on at least 12 of the antenna ports, and the fourth index is an integer greater than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 11. At least one of the at least 12 antenna ports is a first antenna port, and the third index of the first antenna port satisfies at least one of the following conditions: The third index of the first antenna port is less than 1000; Alternatively, the third index of the first antenna port is greater than 1005 and less than 1012; Alternatively, the third index of the first antenna port is greater than 1017.

15. The method according to claim 13, characterized in that, When the offset parameter of the DMRS is the second offset parameter, the mapping table has the following conditions: The fourth index has different values ​​on at least 13 of the antenna ports, and the fourth index is an integer greater than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 23.

16. The method according to claim 13, characterized in that, When the offset parameter of the DMRS is the second offset parameter, the mapping table has the following conditions: The fourth index has different values ​​on at least 13 of the antenna ports, and the fourth index is an integer greater than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 47.

17. A communication device, characterized in that, Includes modules or units for performing the method as described in any one of claims 1 to 4.

18. A communication device, characterized in that, Includes modules or units for performing the method as described in any one of claims 5 to 8.

19. A communication device, characterized in that, Includes modules or units for performing the method as described in any one of claims 9 to 12.

20. A communication device, characterized in that, Includes modules or units for performing the method as described in any one of claims 13 to 16.

21. A communication device, characterized in that, include: A processor for executing a program that causes the communication device to perform the method as described in any one of claims 1 to 4, or causes the communication device to perform the method as described in any one of claims 5 to 8.

22. A communication device, characterized in that, include: A processor for executing a program that causes the communication device to perform the method as claimed in any one of claims 9 to 12, or causes the communication device to perform the method as claimed in any one of claims 13 to 16.

23. A communication system, characterized in that, include: A communication device for performing any of the methods described in steps 1 to 4, and a communication device for performing any of the methods described in claims 9 to 12; or, A communication device for performing any of the methods described in steps 5 to 8, and a communication device for performing any of the methods described in claims 13 to 16.

24. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, The instructions, when executed on a computer, cause the computer to perform the method as described in any one of claims 1 to 4, or cause the computer to perform the method as described in any one of claims 5 to 8, or cause the computer to perform the method as described in any one of claims 9 to 12, or cause the computer to perform the method as described in any one of claims 13 to 16.

25. A computer program product containing instructions, characterized in that, When it is run on a computer, it causes the computer to perform the method as described in any one of claims 1 to 4, or causes the computer to perform the method as described in any one of claims 5 to 8, or causes the computer to perform the method as described in any one of claims 9 to 12, or causes the computer to perform the method as described in any one of claims 13 to 16.

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